Chromosomes human pair 9. Medical search

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.

Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.

The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The orderly segregation of CHROMOSOMES during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The medium-sized, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group C in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 and the X chromosome.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The alignment of CHROMOSOMES at homologous sequences.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of MAMMALS.

A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans.

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal chromosome constitution in which there is extra or missing chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment). (from Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 5th ed, p429)

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

One of the two pairs of human chromosomes in the group B class (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 4-5).

The human female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in humans.

A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species.

The large, metacentric human chromosomes, called group A in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 1, 2, and 3.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

The short, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group E in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 16, 17, and 18.

Chromosomes in which fragments of exogenous DNA ranging in length up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast through ligation to vector sequences. These artificial chromosomes are used extensively in molecular biology for the construction of comprehensive genomic libraries of higher organisms.

The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.

The medium-sized, acrocentric human chromosomes, called group D in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 13, 14, and 15.

A type of chromosomal aberration involving DNA BREAKS. Chromosome breakage can result in CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; or SEQUENCE DELETION.

The short, acrocentric human chromosomes, called group G in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 21 and 22 and the Y chromosome.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Aberrant chromosomes with no ends, i.e., circular.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.

The mechanisms of eukaryotic CELLS that place or keep the CHROMOSOMES in a particular SUBNUCLEAR SPACE.

The large, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group B in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 4 and 5.

A dosage compensation process occurring at an early embryonic stage in mammalian development whereby, at random, one X CHROMOSOME of the pair is repressed in the somatic cells of females.

The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA.

A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.

Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.

Structures which are contained in or part of CHROMOSOMES.

The short, metacentric human chromosomes, called group F in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 19 and 20.

The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).

The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

The total relative probability, expressed on a logarithmic scale, that a linkage relationship exists among selected loci. Lod is an acronym for "logarithmic odds."

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The failure of homologous CHROMOSOMES or CHROMATIDS to segregate during MITOSIS or MEIOSIS with the result that one daughter cell has both of a pair of parental chromosomes or chromatids and the other has none.

Large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase in the cell cycle.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny human cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.

A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

A technique with which an unknown region of a chromosome can be explored. It is generally used to isolate a locus of interest for which no probe is available but that is known to be linked to a gene which has been identified and cloned. A fragment containing a known gene is selected and used as a probe to identify other overlapping fragments which contain the same gene. The nucleotide sequences of these fragments can then be characterized. This process continues for the length of the chromosome.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.

Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.

An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Susceptibility of chromosomes to breakage leading to translocation; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; SEQUENCE DELETION; or other CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE related aberrations.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

An aberration in which an extra chromosome or a chromosomal segment is made.

Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed of simple sequences (very short) (see MINISATELLITE REPEATS) repeated in tandem many times to form large blocks of sequence. Additionally, following the accumulation of mutations, these blocks of repeats have been repeated in tandem themselves. The degree of repetition is on the order of 1000 to 10 million at each locus. Loci are few, usually one or two per chromosome. They were called satellites since in density gradients, they often sediment as distinct, satellite bands separate from the bulk of genomic DNA owing to a distinct BASE COMPOSITION.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented twice. Symbol: 2N or 2X.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.

Either of the two longitudinally adjacent threads formed when a eukaryotic chromosome replicates prior to mitosis. The chromatids are held together at the centromere. Sister chromatids are derived from the same chromosome. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Extra large CHROMOSOMES, each consisting of many identical copies of a chromosome lying next to each other in parallel.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.

The first phase of cell nucleus division, in which the CHROMOSOMES become visible, the CELL NUCLEUS starts to lose its identity, the SPINDLE APPARATUS appears, and the CENTRIOLES migrate toward opposite poles.

The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.

The full set of CHROMOSOMES presented as a systematized array of METAPHASE chromosomes from a photomicrograph of a single CELL NUCLEUS arranged in pairs in descending order of size and according to the position of the CENTROMERE. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Plasmids containing at least one cos (cohesive-end site) of PHAGE LAMBDA. They are used as cloning vehicles.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Examination of CHROMOSOMES to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. Following preparation of the sample, KARYOTYPING is performed and/or the specific chromosomes are analyzed.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular analysis of the CHROMOSOMES, and location of the GENES on chromosomes, and the movements of chromosomes during the CELL CYCLE.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.

Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Specific loci that show up during KARYOTYPING as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a CHROMATID arm after culturing cells under specific conditions. These sites are associated with an increase in CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY. They are classified as common or rare, and by the specific culture conditions under which they develop. Fragile site loci are named by the letters "FRA" followed by a designation for the specific chromosome, and a letter which refers to which fragile site of that chromosome (e.g. FRAXA refers to fragile site A on the X chromosome. It is a rare, folic acid-sensitive fragile site associated with FRAGILE X SYNDROME.)

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Short tracts of DNA sequence that are used as landmarks in GENOME mapping. In most instances, 200 to 500 base pairs of sequence define a Sequence Tagged Site (STS) that is operationally unique in the human genome (i.e., can be specifically detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the presence of all other genomic sequences). The overwhelming advantage of STSs over mapping landmarks defined in other ways is that the means of testing for the presence of a particular STS can be completely described as information in a database.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.

The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.

Genes that are located on the X CHROMOSOME.

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal sex chromosome constitution (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS), in which there is extra or missing sex chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment).

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

PHENOTHIAZINES with an amino group at the 3-position that are green crystals or powder. They are used as biological stains.

Overlapping of cloned or sequenced DNA to construct a continuous region of a gene, chromosome or genome.

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.

An aberrant form of human CHROMOSOME 22 characterized by translocation of the distal end of chromosome 9 from 9q34, to the long arm of chromosome 22 at 22q11. It is present in the bone marrow cells of 80 to 90 per cent of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE).

The locations in specific DNA sequences where CHROMOSOME BREAKS have occurred.

Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

Structures within the nucleus of archaeal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented once. Symbol: N.

The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype.

Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.

The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

The variable phenotypic expression of a GENE depending on whether it is of paternal or maternal origin, which is a function of the DNA METHYLATION pattern. Imprinted regions are observed to be more methylated and less transcriptionally active. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

In the interphase nucleus, a condensed mass of chromatin representing an inactivated X chromosome. Each X CHROMOSOME, in excess of one, forms sex chromatin (Barr body) in the mammalian nucleus. (from King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A characteristic symptom complex.

The stage in the first meiotic prophase, following ZYGOTENE STAGE, when CROSSING OVER between homologous CHROMOSOMES begins.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, elements such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, that are required for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance in progeny cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

A characteristic showing quantitative inheritance such as SKIN PIGMENTATION in humans. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.

Genes that are located on the Y CHROMOSOME.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Chromosome regions that are loosely packaged and more accessible to RNA polymerases than HETEROCHROMATIN. These regions also stain differentially in CHROMOSOME BANDING preparations.

A form of GENE LIBRARY containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It contrasts with a cDNA library which contains only sequences utilized in protein coding (lacking introns).

The mechanisms by which the SEX of an individual's GONADS are fixed.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/1281)

The evolution of alterations on chromosome 9, including the putative tumor suppressor genes mapped to the 9p21-22 region (the MTS genes), was studied in relation to the progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia by using whole organ superimposed histologic and genetic mapping in cystectomy specimens and was verified in urinary bladder tumors of various pathogenetic subsets with longterm follow-up. The applicability of chromosome 9 allelic losses as non-invasive markers of urothelial neoplasia was tested on voided urine and/or bladder washings of patients with urinary bladder cancer. Although sequential multiple hits in the MTS locus were documented in the development of intraurothelial precursor lesions, the MTS genes do not seem to represent a major target for p21-23 deletions in bladder cancer. Two additional tumor suppressor genes involved in bladder neoplasia located distally and proximally to the MTS locus within p22-23 and p11-13 regions respectively were identified. Several distinct putative tumor suppressor gene loci within the q12-13, q21-22, and q34 regions were identified on the q arm. In particular, the pericentromeric q12-13 area may contain the critical tumor suppressor gene or genes for the development of early urothelial neoplasia. Allelic losses of chromosome 9 were associated with expansion of the abnormal urothelial clone which frequently involved large areas of urinary bladder mucosa. These losses could be found in a high proportion of urothelial tumors and in voided urine or bladder washing samples of nearly all patients with urinary bladder carcinoma. (+info)

Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer. (2/1281)

Recent studies have shown that patients whose bladder cancer exhibit overexpression of RB protein as measured by immunohistochemical analysis do equally poorly as those with loss of RB function. We hypothesized that loss of p16 protein function could be related to RB overexpression, since p16 can induce transcriptional downregulation of RB and its loss may lead to aberrant RB regulation. Conversely, loss of RB function has been associated with high p16 protein expression in several other tumor types. In the present study RB negative bladder tumors also exhibited strong nuclear p16 staining while each tumor with strong, homogeneous RB nuclear staining were p16 negative, supporting our hypothesis. To expand on these immunohistochemical studies additional cases were selected in which the status of the p16 encoding gene had been determined at the molecular level. Absent p16 and high RB protein expression was found in the tumors having loss of heterozygosity within 9p21 and a structural change (mutation or deletion) of the remaining p16 encoding gene allele, confirming the staining results. These results strongly support the hypothesis that the RB nuclear overexpression recently associated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer is also associated with loss of p16 function and implies that loss of p16 function could be equally deleterious as RB loss in bladder and likely other cancers. (+info)

Diaphyseal medullary stenosis with malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a hereditary bone dysplasia/cancer syndrome maps to 9p21-22. (3/1281)

Diaphyseal medullary stenosis with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (DMS-MFH) is an autosomal dominant bone dysplasia/cancer syndrome of unknown etiology. This rare hereditary cancer syndrome is characterized by bone infarctions, cortical growth abnormalities, pathological fractures, and eventual painful debilitation. Notably, 35% of individuals with DMS develop MFH, a highly malignant bone sarcoma. A genome scan for the DMS-MFH gene locus in three unrelated families with DMS-MFH linked the syndrome to a region of approximately 3 cM on chromosome 9p21-22, with a maximal two-point LOD score of 5.49 (marker D9S171 at recombination fraction [theta].05). Interestingly, this region had previously been shown to be the site of chromosomal abnormalities in several other malignancies and contains a number of genes whose protein products are involved in growth regulation. Identification of this rare familial sarcoma-causing gene would be expected to simultaneously define the cause of the more common nonfamilial, or sporadic, form of MFH-a tumor that constitutes approximately 6% of all bone cancers and is the most frequently occurring adult soft-tissue sarcoma. (+info)

Identification and characterization of a homozygous deletion found in ovarian ascites by representational difference analysis. (4/1281)

We have performed representational difference analysis (RDA) on DNA from tumor cells and normal fibroblasts isolated from the ascites of a patient with ovarian cancer. Five of six products of the RDA were homozygously deleted from the tumor DNA. One of these products has been characterized and identifies a homozygous deletion of approximately 6.9 Mb at chromosome 9p21 in the original ovarian tumor material. This deletion encompasses CDKN2A (p16), CDKN2B (p15), and IFN-alpha. PCR analysis of other tumor cell lines using the novel STS based on the RDA product has shown it to lie between IFN-alpha and p16, and to identify the distal extent of a homozygous deletion in another ovarian cancer cell line. These data provide further evidence for a tumor suppressor locus distinct from, but mapping close to, p16 on 9p21. Cytogenetic analysis using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) performed on the same primary tumor confirmed a loss of material from chromosome 9p. However, the CGH technique had neither the resolution nor the sensitivity to define a subregion of homozygous loss. (+info)

Frequent genetic alterations in simple urothelial hyperplasias of the bladder in patients with papillary urothelial carcinoma. (5/1281)

In order to understand the origin of bladder cancer, very early urothelial lesions must be investigated in addition to more advanced tumors. Tissue from 31 biopsies of 12 patients with urothelial hyperplasias and simultaneous or consecutive superficial papillary tumors were used to microdissect urothelium from 15- microm sections of biopsies. The biopsies were obtained with the recently developed highly sensitive diagnostic method of 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence endoscopy (AFE). Besides flat and papillary urothelial neoplasms, the method of photodynamic diagnostics also detects simple urothelial hyperplasias as fluorescent positive lesions. In addition, 12 fluorescence-positive biopsies showing histologically normal urothelium were investigated. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was done using a dual color staining technique of biotinylated centromeric probes of chromosomes 9 and 17 and digoxigenin-labeled gene-specific P1 probes for chromosomes 9q22 (FACC), 9p21(p16/CDKI2), and 17p13(p53). Ten of 14 hyperplasias (70%) showed deletions of chromosome 9. In 7 out of 8 patients with genetic alterations in the hyperplasias the genetic change was also present in the papillary tumor. Six out of 12 samples of microdissected normal urothelium also showed genetic alterations on chromosome 9. Microdissection of urothelial lesions, obtained during AFE, has led to the first unequivocal documentation of genetic changes in urothelial lesions diagnosed as normal in histopathology. Thus, this technical approach is important to provide insight into the earliest molecular alterations in bladder carcinogenesis. (+info)

Retinitis pigmentosa and progressive sensorineural hearing loss caused by a C12258A mutation in the mitochondrial MTTS2 gene. (6/1281)

Family ZMK is a large Irish kindred that segregates progressive sensorineural hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa. The symptoms in the family are almost identical to those observed in Usher syndrome type III. Unlike that in Usher syndrome type III, the inheritance pattern in this family is compatible with dominant, X-linked dominant, or maternal inheritance. Prior linkage studies had resulted in exclusion of most candidate loci and >90% of the genome. A tentative location for a causative nuclear gene had been established on 9q; however, it is notable that no markers were found at zero recombination with respect to the disease gene. The marked variability in symptoms, together with the observation of subclinical muscle abnormalities in a single muscle biopsy, stimulated sequencing of the entire mtDNA in affected and unaffected individuals. This revealed a number of previously reported polymorphisms and/or silent substitutions. However, a C-->A transversion at position 12258 in the gene encoding the second mitochondrial serine tRNA, MTTS2, was heteroplasmic and was found in family members only. This sequence change was not present in 270 normal individuals from the same ethnic background. The consensus C at this position is highly conserved and is present in species as divergent from Homo sapiens as vulture and platypus. The mutation probably disrupts the amino acid-acceptor stem of the tRNA molecule, affecting aminoacylation of the tRNA and thereby reducing the efficiency and accuracy of mitochondrial translation. In summary, the data presented provide substantial evidence that the C12258A mtDNA mutation is causative of the disease phenotype in family ZMK. (+info)

Precise genetic mapping and haplotype analysis of the familial dysautonomia gene on human chromosome 9q31. (7/1281)

Familial dysautonomia (FD) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by developmental arrest in the sensory and autonomic nervous systems and by Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. We previously had mapped the defective gene (DYS) to an 11-cM segment of chromosome 9q31-33, flanked by D9S53 and D9S105. By using 11 new polymorphic loci, we now have narrowed the location of DYS to <0.5 cM between the markers 43B1GAGT and 157A3. Two markers in this interval, 164D1 and D9S1677, show no recombination with the disease. Haplotype analysis confirmed this candidate region and revealed a major haplotype shared by 435 of 441 FD chromosomes, indicating a striking founder effect. Three other haplotypes, found on the remaining 6 FD chromosomes, might represent independent mutations. The frequency of the major FD haplotype in the Ashkenazim (5 in 324 control chromosomes) was consistent with the estimated DYS carrier frequency of 1 in 32, and none of the four haplotypes associated with FD was observed on 492 non-FD chromosomes from obligatory carriers. It is now possible to provide accurate genetic testing both for families with FD and for carriers, on the basis of close flanking markers and the capacity to identify >98% of FD chromosomes by their haplotype. (+info)

Molecular cytogenetic detection of 9q34 breakpoints associated with nail patella syndrome. (8/1281)

The nail patella syndrome (NPS1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by dysplasia of the finger nails and skeletal abnormalities. NPS1 has been mapped to 9q34, to a 1 cM interval between D9S315 and the adenylate kinase gene (AK1). We have mapped the breakpoints within the candidate NPS1 region in two unrelated patients with balanced translocations. One patient [46,XY,t(1;9)(q32.1;q34)] was detected during a systematic survey of old cytogenetic files in Denmark and southern Sweden. The other patient [46,XY,t(9;17)(q34.1;q25)] was reported previously. D9S315 and AK1 were used to isolate YACs, from which endclones were used to isolate PACs. Two overlapping PAC clones span the 9q34 breakpoints in both patients, suggesting that NPS1 is caused by haploinsufficiency due to truncation or otherwise inactivation of a gene at or in the vicinity of the breakpoints. (+info)

Humans normally have two copies of this chromosome, as they normally do with all chromosomes. Chromosome 9 spans about 138 ... million base pairs of nucleic acids (the building blocks of DNA) and represents between 4.0 and 4.5% of the total DNA in cells ... Gilbert F, Kauff N (2001). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 9". Genet Test. 5 (2): ... locus to chromosome 9q33-34". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 61 (suppl): A30. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Human chromosome 9. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_9

Human gene SIGIRR is localized on chromosome 11. It is composed of 10 exons spanning about 11 700 base pairs. In mouse, this ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 11). ... In human cells from colonic cancer, there was observed an increased expression of one variant of SIGIRR. This variant lacks its ... Human and mouse SIGIRR protein sequences are 82%, identical and they are overall 23% identical with IL-1R1. SIGIRR is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIGIRR

"one mutation in every 30 million base pairs" Karmin; et al. (2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides ... In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non-recombining portions of ... 2016). "The Divergence of Neandertal and Modern Human Y Chromosomes". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 98 (4): 728-34. ... Y-chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups are the major branches on the human paternal family tree. Each haplogroup has many ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup

Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome, Genes on human chromosome 9, ... The molecular location of the gene is from base pair 133,189,767 to base pair 133,192,979 on chromosome 9 for an mRNA length of ... The human LOC101928193 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 9 with a cytogenic location at 9q34.2. ... and it is 1101 nucleotides long on the positive strand from base pairs 133,188,767 to 133,189,867 on chromosome 9. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOC101928193

Category:Cytochrome P450 (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 8, All ... The two genes show 93% homology to each other and are both encoded on the same chromosome. Research has shown that calcium ions ... May 1997). "CMO I deficiency caused by a point mutation in exon 8 of the human CYP11B2 gene encoding steroid 18-hydroxylase ( ... It is the sole enzyme capable of synthesizing aldosterone in humans and plays an important role in electrolyte balance and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldosterone_synthase

The human gene TMEM8A is found on chromosome 16 at the band 16p13.3. The span of this gene on chromosome 16 spans from base ... pair 420,773 to 437,113 making this gene 16,340 base pairs in length. This gene is found on the minus strand of the chromosome ... Genes on human chromosome, Articles to be expanded from June 2013, All articles to be expanded, Articles with empty sections ... There are two paralogs for TMEM8A found in humans, C9orf127 and TMEM8C. Both of these paralogs are found on Chromosome 9. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMEM8A

It encodes for a transmembrane protein that is 338 amino acids long, and is located on human chromosome 9. Aliases associated ... It starts at base pair 35,814,451, and ends at 35,865,518, and contains 19 exons. There are 13 transcript variants that are ... One human paralog was found when this protein was sequenced in BLAST. It is 416 amino acids long, with 40% sequence identity, ... Human TMEM8B genome location and TMEM8B gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMEM8B

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes and other great apes have 24 pairs of chromosomes. In the human evolutionary lineage, two ... Human and chimpanzee chromosomes are very alike. The primary difference is that humans have one fewer pair of chromosomes than ... Wikiversity has learning resources about Chimpanzee Genome Project Human evolutionary genetics Human chromosome 2 Human Genome ... producing human chromosome 2. There are nine other major chromosomal differences between chimpanzees and humans: chromosome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzee_genome_project

... spanning the chromosomal locus from base pair 34,502,909 to 34,398,027. The span of the gene is 104,882 base pairs In humans ... In humans, C9orf25 is located at the 9p13.3 position on chromosome 9. The gene is encoded on the sense strand (-) ... Chromosome 9 open reading frame 25 (C9orf25) is a domain that encodes the FAM219A gene. The terms FAM219A and C9orf25 are ... C9orf25 has a paralog FAM219B which is located on the long arm of chromosome 9 and is 198 amino acids long. The C9orf25 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9orf25

... is located at 15q21.3-q22.1, spanning 90,707 base pairs on chromosome 15. The full name of FAM63B is family with ... FAM63B is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene FAM63B. This gene is highly expressed in humans. The FAM63B gene is ... FAM63B variant a is the most common isoform found in humans. FAM63B is a member of the Pfam super family, and contains a domain ... The discovered function of FAM63B protein is a transporter of vaccinia virus in the human genome. FAM63B contains a bipartite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM63B

The RAB7A gene is located on chromosome 3 in humans, specifically on the long q arm from base pair 128,726,135 to 128,814,797. ... in 1997 to map the RAB7A gene to chromosome 3 using PCR analysis. In 1995 it had been mapped to chromosome 9 in mice by Barbosa ... "NotI linking/jumping clones of human chromosome 3: mapping of the TFRC, RAB7 and HAUSP genes to regions rearranged in leukemia ... Ras-related protein Rab-7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB7A gene. Ras-related protein Rab-7a is involved in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAB7A

Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 9). ... The promoter region of C9orf43 predicted by Genomatix ElDorado is 1199 base pairs long and contains a CpG island and part of ... Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf43 gene. The gene is also known as ... "Entrez Gene: Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43". Butland SL, Devon RS, Huang Y, Mead CL, Meynert AM, Neal SJ, Lee SS, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_9_open_reading_frame_43

The human gene C9orf152 is located on the long (q) arm of Chromosome 9. Its cytogenetic location is 9q31.1. It has one known ... The final mRNA consists of 2698 base pairs. Nucleotides 66-68 encode an upstream in frame stop codon. C9orf152 has orthologs in ... 2009 (GRCh37/hg19) Assembly". Human BLAT Search. University of California Santa Cruz. "Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 152". ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 9, Uncharacterized proteins). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9orf152

In humans, aldolase B is encoded by the ALDOB gene located on chromosome 9. The gene is 14,500 base pairs long and contains 9 ... Mutant alleles are a result of a number different types of mutations including base pair substitutions and small deletions. The ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 9, CS1: long volume value, ... 1988). "Human aldolase B gene: characterization of the genomic aldolase B gene and analysis of sequences required for multiple ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldolase_B

Genes on human chromosome 15, Developmental genes and proteins, MH1 domain, MH2 domain, R-SMAD, Transcription factors, Human ... the convex face of the DNA-binding hairpin dives into the concave major groove of the duplex DNA containing five base pairs ( ... The human SMAD3 gene is located on chromosome 15 on the cytogenic band at 15q22.33. The gene is composed of 9 exons over ... 129,339 base pairs. It is one of several human homologues of a gene that was originally discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_3

This 1069 base pair promoter sequence spans 41936535-41937603 on human chromosome 4. The promoter sequence overlaps with the 5 ... In humans, this gene's DNA location is the short arm of chromosome 4, loci position: 4p13. The genomic range is 41937502- ... Transcripts a, b, and c have a 744 base pair long coding range and a particularly long 3' UTR that is 6000 base pairs long. In ... There is an experimentally determined acetylation point is at alanine, amino acid residue 2 in humans. Human TMEM33 has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMEM33

It spans a total of 2,974 base pairs, between bases 46497976 and 46500950 on chromosome 3.[citation needed] There is only one ... RTP3 (receptor transporter protein 3) is a gene located on chromosome 3 in humans that encodes the RTP3 protein. Its expression ... All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Genes on human chromosome 3). ... RTP3 has several paralogs in humans, including other members of the RTP family. While there is experimental evidence RTP3 may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTP3_(gene)

9q34.11 in human from base pair 127,706,989 to base pair 127,716,002. The size of the gene is 9,013 bases, and the orientation ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome). ... The most common variant of mRNAs of CFAP157 contains 1,722 base pairs. CFAP157 is expressed in many human body tissues such as ... There are 520 amino acids in CFAP157 in human. The protein is glutamine extremely rich, and glycine poor. The protein is quite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFAP157

In humans the gene is located on the negative strand at 9q34.11 and the coding sequence is 8,552 base pairs long. On human ... human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-25. "C9orf50 chromosome 9 open reading frame 50 [Homo sapiens ( ... In humans the gene coding sequence is 10,051 base pairs long, transcribing an mRNA of 1,624 bases that encodes a 431 amino acid ... RNA-seq data of C9orf50 has found a low expression level, 25-50th percentile, in most human tissues compared to all human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9orf50

The CCDC142 gene is located on chromosome 2 (at 2p13), spans 4339 base pairs and contains 9 exons. The gene codes for the ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 2, Protein structural ... "Microarray Data :: Allen Brain Atlas: Human Brain". human.brain-map.org. Retrieved 2016-05-01. "EST Profile - Hs.430199". www. ... Allen Human Brain Atlas Expression of CCDC142 Lateral View Red=Low Expression11 Frontal View Green=High Expression11 Above are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCDC142

The LENG9 gene is 1,930 base pairs in length and contains one exon. Genes LENG8-AS1 and CDC42EP5 neighbor LENG9 on chromosome ... human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-05-06. Database, GeneCards Human Gene. "LENG9 Gene - GeneCards , ... Human expression of LENG9 is observed in the cervix, lung, and placenta of adults. The gene is also expressed in disease states ... In humans, LENG9 has two mRNA unspliced transcript variants. Variant (1) is the longest and most conserved transcript of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LENG9

In humans, FAM166B has 10 transcript variants, which are all spliced. FAM166B transcript variant 1 is 1,092 bp in length and ... The FAM166B gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 9 at 9p13.3 on the minus strand. The genomic sequence spans 2,069 ... base pairs from 35563899 to 35561830. Gene neighbors are RUSC2, RPS29P17, and TESK1. FAM166B is expressed 0.5 times higher than ... It is known to have a higher than normal proline composition compared to other human proteins at 12.4%. The protein has a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM166B

The human C9orf72 gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72, from base pair 27,546,546 to base ... base pairs 27,546,546 to 27,573,866 The mutation of C9ORF72 is a hexanucleotide repeat expansion of the six letter string of ... Genes on human chromosome 9, Commons category link is on Wikidata). ... Human C9orf72 genome location and C9orf72 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Wikimedia Commons has media related to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C9orf72

Transmembrane protein 261 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM261 gene located on chromosome 9. TMEM261 is also ... its length is 91,891 base pairs (bp) on the reverse strand. Its neighbouring gene is PTPRD located at 9p23-p24.3 also on the ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 4, All articles with dead ... "9ORF123 chromosome 9 open reading frame 123". BioGRID: Database of Protein and Genetic Interactions. TyersLab. She X, Rohl CA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMAC1

The human TBR1 gene is located on the q arm of the positive strand of chromosome 2. It is 8,954 base pairs in length. TBR1 is ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Good articles, Genes on human chromosome 2, ... "Identification of a novel gene on chromosome 7q11.2 interrupted by a translocation breakpoint in a pair of autistic twins". ... Orthologs of the human TBR1 gene have been identified in chimpanzee, dog, cow, rat, mouse, and zebrafish. In mice, TBR1 has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBR1

... genetic genealogy Haplogroup Haplotype Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup molecular phylogeny Paragroup Subclade Y-chromosome ... Cox MP, Mirazón Lahr M (January 2006). "Y-chromosome diversity is inversely associated with language affiliation in paired ... Haplogroup O, also known as O-M175, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is primarily found among populations in ... "Y-Chromosome Evidence for a Northward Migration of Modern Humans into Eastern Asia during the Last Ice Age". The American ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_O-M175

The human gene product is a 4,469 base pair mRNA with 25 predicted exons. There are 9 predicted splice isoforms of the gene, ... TMEM63A is located on the negative DNA strand of chromosome 1 at location 1q42.12, spanning base pairs 226,033,237 to ... The predicted promoter region spans 971 base pairs, from 226,070,920 to 226,069,950 on the negative strand of chromosome 1. ... 2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315-21. Bibcode:2006Natur.441.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMEM63A

The gene locus is located on the long arm of chromosome 2 at 2q21.1, and spans 5991 base pairs. A common alternative alias is ... In humans, CCDC74A has one important paralog, CCDC74B. Gene duplication is estimated to have occurred approximately 7 million ... Coiled-coil domain containing 74A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCDC74A gene. The protein is most highly ... However, distant orthologs prior to gene duplication are conserved in species that diverged from humans between 92-797 MYA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coiled-coil_domain_containing_74a

Schäfer BW, Mattei MG (July 1993). "The human paired domain gene PAX7 (Hup1) maps to chromosome 1p35-1p36.2". Genomics. 17 (1 ... Paired box protein Pax-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAX7 gene. Pax-7 plays a role in neural crest ... "PAX7 - Paired box protein Pax-7 - Homo sapiens (Human) - PAX7 gene & protein". Aloisio, Gina M.; Nakada, Yuji; Saatcioglu, ... Pilz AJ, Povey S, Gruss P, Abbott CM (March 1993). "Mapping of the human homologs of the murine paired-box-containing genes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX7

For example, in humans, females (XX) silence the transcription of one X chromosome of each pair, and transcribe all information ... of the Y chromosome during meiosis. Additionally, 10-25% of human X chromosome genes, and 3-7% of mouse X chromosome genes ... Specifically, platypus X1 shares homology with the chicken Z chromosome, and both share homology with the human chromosome 9. ... smaller W chromosome. Instead of silencing the entire chromosome as humans do, male chickens (the model ZZ organism) seem to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-chromosome_dosage_compensation

In humans, the gene that codes for this enzyme is located on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q13). This bifunctional enzyme has ... In Salmonella typhimurium, a new pair of antiparallel β-sheets is created and five new interatomic contacts are formed in the ... Portal: Biology (Genes on human chromosome 3, EC 4.1.1, EC 2.4.2). ... "Localization of the gene for uridine monophosphate synthase to human chromosome region 3q13 by in situ hybridization". Genomics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate_synthase

... is caused by mutations in both copies of the CENPF gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 1. CENPF codes ... They are made by the centrosome, which contains a pair of cylindrical centrioles at right-angles to each other. Before division ... Badano JL, Mitsuma N, Beales PL, Katsanis N (1 September 2006). "The ciliopathies: an emerging class of human genetic disorders ... Filges I, Stromme P (January 2020). "CUGC for Stromme syndrome and CENPF-related disorders". European Journal of Human Genetics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strømme_syndrome

Odz1 to Mouse Chromosome 11; and ODZ3 to Human Chromosome Xq25". Genomics. 58 (1): 102-3. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5798. PMID ... Levine A, Bashan-Ahrend A, Budai-Hadrian O, Gartenberg D, Menasherow S, Wides R (May 1994). "odd Oz: A novel Drosophila pair ... Odz1to Mouse Chromosome 11; and ODZ3 to Human Chromosome Xq25". Genomics. 58 (1): 102-103. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5798. PMID ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 4). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TENM3

number of base pairs = mass in pg × 9.78 × 10 8 {\displaystyle {\text{number of base pairs}}={\text{mass in pg}}\times 9.78\ ... These species have become a considerable threat to human health, as they are often capable of evading human immune systems and ... I. DNA-content and chromosome sets in various species of Cyprinidae". Humangenetik. 7 (3): 240-244. doi:10.1007/BF00273173. ... or as the total number of nucleotide base pairs, usually in megabases (millions of base pairs, abbreviated Mb or Mbp). One ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_size

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as ... It has a chromosome count: 2n=20. It was also counted as 2n=22, 44 by (Zahareva and Makeushenko 1968) and (Fedorov 1969). It is ... Some of these compounds had some antioxidant activity in certain cells and some effected yeast cells expressing human estrogen ... As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_songarica

"Gene promoters show chromosome-specificity and reveal chromosome territories in humans". BMC Genomics. 14 (278): 278. doi: ... These pairs of promoters can be positioned in divergent, tandem, and convergent directions. They can also be regulated by ... Furthermore, in humans, promoters show certain structural features characteristic for each chromosome. In bacteria, the ... "Prevalence of the initiator over the TATA box in human and yeast genes and identification of DNA motifs enriched in human TATA- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)

Genes on human chromosome 9). ... It has a length of 750 base pairs. The transcription start site ... The promoter for TTC39B starts at base pair 15,307,109 and ends at base pair 15,307,858. ... The gene for TTC39B is located on the short arm of the ninth chromosome at 9p22.3. The genomic DNA is 136,517 bases long, ... On a locus on chromosome 9p22 found to be associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), TTC39B was the only one of several ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetratricopeptide_repeat_protein_39B

This sequencing revealed that the human mtDNA includes 16,569 base pairs and encodes 13 proteins. Since animal mtDNA evolves ... Medusozoa and calcarea clades however have species with linear mitochondrial chromosomes. In terms of base pairs, the anemone ... HVR1, for example, consists of about 440 base pairs. These 440 base pairs are compared to the same regions of other individuals ... Human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

"The SON gene encodes a conserved DNA binding protein mapping to human chromosome 21". Annals of Human Genetics. 58 (1): 25-34. ... Many individuals with ZTTK syndrome have identified heterozygosity for a de novo 4-base pair deletion, de novo mutation in exon ... and CRF2-4 genes cluster on human Chromosome 21 and mouse Chromosome 16". Mammalian Genome. 4 (6): 338-342. doi:10.1007/ ... Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are able to undergo lineage-specific differentiation into specific types of cells, known as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTTK_syndrome

During the process of mitosis the pairs of chromosomes condense and attach to microtubules that pull the sister chromatids to ... Many human cancers possess the hyper-activated Cdk 4/6 activities. Given the observations of cyclin D-Cdk 4/6 functions, ... Cell Cycle, Chromosomes and Cancer. Vol. 15. Miami Beach, FL: University of Miami School of Medicine. Alter O, Golub GH ( ... In this checkpoint, the cell checks to ensure that the spindle has formed and that all of the chromosomes are aligned at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle

For this sample, a better estimate would be that 95% of the base pairs are exactly shared between chimpanzee and human DNA." ... April 2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture". Genome Research. 25 (4 ... Evolutionary biology portal Evolution of human intelligence Graphical timeline of the universe Human evolution Recent human ... The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the evolutionary lineage of the modern human species, Homo sapiens ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution

The paper examined the global distribution of SINEs in mouse and human chromosomes and determined that this distribution was ... SINEs have 50-500 base pair internal regions which contain a tRNA-derived segment with A and B boxes that serve as an internal ... often leading to disease phenotypes in humans and other animals. Insertion of Alu elements in the human genome is associated ... There are >50 human diseases associated with SINEs. When inserted near or within the exon, SINEs can cause improper splicing, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_interspersed_nuclear_element

The human LECT2 gene, LECT2, is located on the long, i.e, "q", arm of chromosome 5 at position q31.1 (notated as 5q31.1). This ... Human LECT2 is composed of 4 exons, 3 introns, and ~8,000 base pairs. The gene has numerous single nucleotide variants as well ... 2004). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5". Nature. 431 (7006): 268-74. doi:10.1038/nature02919. ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 5). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LECT2

All of these genes are located in histone cluster 1 on chromosome 6 and cluster 2 and cluster 3 on chromosome 1. In each gene ... There are sixteen variants of histone H2B found in humans, thirteen of which are expressed in regular body cells and three of ... DNA is then wrapped around the entire nucleosome in groups of approximately 160 base pairs of DNA. The wrapping continues until ... It plays an important role in the biology of the nucleus where it is involved in the packaging and maintaining of chromosomes, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_H2B

Genes on human chromosome 17, Keratins, All stub articles, Human chromosome 17 gene stubs). ... Keratin 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT16 gene. Keratin 16 is a type I cytokeratin. It is paired with ... "A group of type I keratin genes on human chromosome 17: characterization and expression". Mol. Cell. Biol. 8 (2): 722-36. doi: ... "Three epidermal and one simple epithelial type II keratin genes map to human chromosome 12". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 57 (1): 33- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin_16

By pairing chromosomes of similar genomes, the chance for these recessive alleles to pair and become homozygous greatly ... By analogy, the term is used in human reproduction, but more commonly refers to the genetic disorders and other consequences ... Thus, the likelihood of deleterious recessive alleles to pair is significantly higher in a small inbreeding population than in ... ISBN 978-3-540-37654-5. Ober C, Hyslop T, Hauck WW (January 1999). "Inbreeding effects on fertility in humans: evidence for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding

Genes on human chromosome 2, Protein pages needing a picture, Genes on human chromosome 15, Genes on human chromosome 20, Genes ... The lone pair of electrons moves down kicking off the lone pairs that were making the double bond. This lone pair of electrons ... Mtb ICDH-1 is most structurally similar to the R132H mutant human ICDH found in glioblastomas. Similar to human R132H ICDH, Mtb ... In humans, IDH exists in three isoforms: IDH3 catalyzes the third step of the citric acid cycle while converting NAD+ to NADH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase

The two pairs of membranous wings are held together by small hooks and the forewings are larger than the hind ones; in some ... Males, called drones, have a haploid (n) number of chromosomes and develop from an unfertilized egg. Wasps store sperm inside ... the existing workers search for sugary foods and are more likely to come into contact with humans. Wasp nests made in or near ... Females are diploid, meaning that they have 2n chromosomes and develop from fertilized eggs. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasp

Genes on human chromosome 3, Protein pages needing a picture, Human gene pages with Wikidata item). ... C3orf62 starts at 49,268,597 base pairs from the terminus of the short arm (pter) and ending at 49,277,909 base pairs pter. ... Chromosome 3 Open Reading Frame 62 (C3orf62), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C3orf62 gene. C3orf62 is a glycine ... C3orf62 human protein (Q6ZUJ4) is 267 amino acids long, and has a molecular mass of 30,194 Daltons. The isoelectric point of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3orf62

This breakthrough helped further relate OCD in humans to CCD in canines. Canine chromosome 7 is expressed in the hippocampus of ... Rats became significantly more tolerant to morphine when they had been exposed to a paired administration than those rats that ... A chromosome has been located in dogs that confers a high risk of susceptibility to OCD. Canine chromosome 7 has been found to ... It can be difficult to attribute human conditions to non-human animals. Obsessive-compulsive behavior in animals, often called ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_psychopathology

... is a multigene haplotype that covers a majority of the human major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (not to be ... 1 million base pairs centromeric from DQ2.5 may also be associated with Type 1 diabetes. In addition the BAT1 and MICB variant ... CS1 French-language sources (fr), CS1 German-language sources (de), Human MHC haplogroups, Human MHC mediated diseases, Human ... These unique chromosomes are produced by recombination of each unique chromosome passed by each grandparent to each parent. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLA_A1-B8-DR3-DQ2

"Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping (3i) Consortium". (Genes on human chromosome 11, Animal proteins, Fertility, Mammal ... Mayer K (16 April 2014). "Sperm/Egg Fusion Depends on Pairing of His/Her Proteins". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. ... Juno also known as folate receptor 4, folate receptor delta or IZUMO1R is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOLR4 gene ... including humans. Being previously elusive, Juno was discovered nine years after its male counterpart, Izumo1. The crystal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(protein)

v t e (Genes on human chromosome 13, Collagens, All stub articles, Human chromosome 13 gene stubs). ... this gene is organized in a head-to-head conformation with another type IV collagen gene so that each gene pair shares a common ... Collagen alpha-2(IV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL4A2 gene. This gene encodes one of the six subunits ... Pöschl E, Pollner R, Kühn K (1988). "The genes for the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) chains of human basement membrane collagen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen,_type_IV,_alpha_2

Weak identity between chromosomes results in meiotic pairing that yields only two possible genotypes of sperm, X1X2X3X4X5 or ... This similarity to primates and humans allows it to see distant objects clearly. Unlike placental mammals, including humans, ... for humans. This part of the brain in humans is thought to be used for planning and analytical behaviour, leading to debate as ... in which males have four Y chromosomes and five X chromosomes. Males appear to be X1Y1X2Y2X3Y3X4Y4X5 (figure), while females ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-beaked_echidna

Since each centrosome has a K fiber connecting to each pair of chromosomes, the chromosomes become tethered in the middle of ... "The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Archived from the original on 2017-05-01. Retrieved 2017-04-27. Hirokawa N, ... As the K fibers shorten the pair chromosomes are pulled apart right before cytokinesis. Previously, some researchers believed ... For example, +TIPs have been observed to participate in the interactions of microtubules with chromosomes during mitosis. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule

Genes on human chromosome 6, Human gene pages with Wikidata item, Non-coding RNA). ... 7SK in cells is associated with a number of proteins and probing of the secondary structure suggested a model for base pairing ... Human 7SK genome location and 7SK gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Human RN7SK genome location and RN7SK gene ... The 7SK snRNP has been characterized in both human and Drosophila. Detailed review. Diribarne G, Bensaude O (2009). "7SK RNA, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7SK_RNA

For instance, human and chimpanzee chromosomes are very similar and FISH can demonstrate that two chimpanzee chromosomes fused ... Each probe for the detection of mRNA and lncRNA is composed of ~20-50 oligonucleotide pairs, each pair covering a space of 40- ... so each human chromosome can be identified by a characteristic color using whole-chromosome probe mixtures and a variety of ... have similar chromosomes but with increasing distance chromosomes tend to break and fuse and thus result in mosaic chromosomes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

Genes on human chromosome X, Genes on human chromosome Y, Human proteins, Teeth, Genetics). ... enable it to be used in sex determination of unknown human samples. AMELX's intron 1 contains a 6-base-pair deletion relative ... The amelogenin gene has been most widely studied in humans, where it is a single copy gene, located on the X and Y chromosomes ... Differences between the X chromosome and Y chromosome versions of the amelogenin gene (AMELX and AMELY respectively) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelogenin

For example, individuals with TT allele pair at SNP rs10993994 were reported to be at 1.6 times higher risk than those with the ... 37] reported that it caused reduction in the formation of 5-HETE in human leucocytes when used. MS can thus be considered a ... Loss of cancer suppressor genes, early in prostatic carcinogenesis, have been localized to chromosomes 8p, 10q, 13q, and 16q. ... Alimirah F, Chen J, Basrawala Z, Xin H, Choubey D (April 2006). "DU-145 and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines express ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Chromosome Mapping * Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9* * Crossing Over, Genetic * Female * Genes, Dominant* ... Linkage of the gene for an autosomal dominant form of juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to chromosome 9q34 Am J Hum Genet ... These results extend the degree of heterogeneity within familial ALS syndromes, and they implicate a gene on chromosome 9q34 as ... We performed a genomewide search and detected strong evidence for linkage of the ALS4 locus to markers from chromosome 9q34. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9497266/?dopt=Abstract

The order of bases on all twenty-three pairs of human chromosomes.. ... A region of a chromosome that contains multiple copies of a core DNA sequence that are arranged in a repeating fashion.. ... The specific pairing of base A with T and base C with G in double-stranded DNA.. ... A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs.. ...

https://www.flashcardmachine.com/chapter-970.html

... base pairs) and represents approximately 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. Learn about health implications of genetic ... Chromosome 9 is made up of about 141 million DNA building blocks ( ... Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. Two copies of chromosome 9, one copy inherited from ... Ensembl Human Map View. *Gilbert F, Kauff N. Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 9. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/chromosome/9/

In humans, each cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes. For each pair one chromosome is inherited from the mother and the other from ... For a patient to be affected of Friedreichs ataxia both chromosomes on the pair number 9 should be affected. Frataxin plays a ... In Friedreichs ataxia there is an abnormality in a gene carried by the pair number 9 and responsible for the production of a ... Genes located on structures called chromosomes carry the genetic information that determines the characteristics of each ...

https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/orphan-designations/eu304189

In human beings there are 23 pairs of DNA (or 46 chromosomes). Modern research has discovered the location of certain genes for ... In an adult human being, if the number of cells is round about 1013, then the total length of DNA would extend from the earth ... No known mechanism of mutation, either at the gene level or the chromosome level has been discovered which will produce ... The DNA in the chromosomes is incredibly complex, yet it can be subject to accidental alterations or mutations. Experiments ...

https://creation.com/in-brief-dna-mutation-and-design

First, an abnormal chromosome develops. Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. These chromosomes hold the DNA ... Second, the abnormal chromosome creates a new gene. The Philadelphia chromosome creates a new gene. Genes from chromosome 9 ... The extra-short chromosome 22 is called the Philadelphia chromosome, named for the city where it was discovered. The ... A section of chromosome 9 switches places with a section of chromosome 22, creating an extra-short chromosome 22 and an extra- ...

https://rxwiki.com/condition/chronic-myelogenous-leukemia

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 81% * Chromosome 63% * Repeats 62% * Open Reading Frames 59% ... Li, G., Cheung, R. T. F., Gao, J. H., Lee, T. M. C., Tan, L. H., Fox, P. T., Jack, C. R. & Yang, E. S., Feb 2006, In: Human ... Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures. Hibar, D. P., Stein, J. L., Renteria, M. E., Arias- ... Human Brain Mapping. 31, 4, p. 499-514 16 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/clifford-r-jr-jack/publications/?page=5&ordering=title&descending=false

The coding exons span at least 87 kilobase pairs of chromosome. The magic dose of arginine appears to be somewhere between 5 ... Human growth hormone (somatropin) for the treatment of growth failure in children (TA188) Evidence-based recommendations on ... There are several benefits with human growth hormonal supplements, including: -Restores the normal functioning of your body, ... human growth hormone (somatropin) for treating growth failure in children. ...

https://www.avalonbeach.com/jintropin-price.php

2nd link is NIH human genetic sequence code (chromosome 8). They match 18 base pairs in a row. Please read and spread info.!!! ... At the time, the first/top sequences that showed up were all human chromosome sequences. A few weeks later I did it again and ... Virtually ALL the pcr primers being used to "detect covid-19" have 100% sequence identity with human chromosomal sequences. ... the human DNA sequences were still there at 100% match, they just arranged for the covid 19 crap to appear first.. ...

https://healthimpactnews.com/2020/censored-resistance-grows-across-america-as-open-carry-armed-militias-peacefully-march/?replytocom=2879

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 Medicine & Life Sciences 13% * Body Size Medicine & Life Sciences 13% ... QTLs for adiposity in this model were previously isolated to chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, and 18. This study focuses on ... QTLs for adiposity in this model were previously isolated to chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, and 18. This study focuses on ... QTLs for adiposity in this model were previously isolated to chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, and 18. This study focuses on ...

https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/genetic-architecture-adiposity-and-organ-weight-using-combined-ge

Human, Pair 19" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19" was a major or minor topic of ... A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. ... "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.ouhsc.edu/display/5957

Human, Pair 4" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4" was a major or minor topic of these ... A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. ... "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.musc.edu/display/89612/

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 Medicine & Life Sciences 45% * Philadelphia Chromosome Medicine & Life Sciences 44% ... In the JAK2+ group, chromosome 7 and complex cytogenetic abnormalities were associated with excess blasts/blastic ... In the JAK2+ group, chromosome 7 and complex cytogenetic abnormalities were associated with excess blasts/blastic ... In the JAK2+ group, chromosome 7 and complex cytogenetic abnormalities were associated with excess blasts/blastic ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/association-of-jak2-mutation-status-and-cytogenetic-abnormalities-2

Chromosome organization is highly dynamic and plays an essential role during cell function. It was recently found that pairs of ... Here, we provide an introduction to the current knowledge of homologous antipairing in humans and its implications in human ... chromosome set, or "antipairing," organization in human cells. ... Mitotic Antipairing of Homologous Chromosomes. Hua, Lisa L; ... Cell cycle-dependent regulation of chromosome is a dynamic event. After replication in S phase, sister chromatids show dynamic ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=mh:%22Mitose%22

The number of pair (s) of sex chromosomes in the zygote of humans is. Questions are framed as per the trend of CBSE boards. ... How many pairs of chromosomes are present in humans? Chapter 9 - Heredity and Evolution - Test. Here is a compilation of Free ... The number of sex chromosomes in the zygote of humans is one pair. Start Test. 110 Avon Street, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA ... Pair ( s ) of sex chromosomes in the new Exam Pattern, MCQ Questions for Class 10 Science Carries... Terms of Evolution end of ...

http://www.mercinewyork.com/game-system-uyv/heredity-and-evolution-online-test-d6582f

viral properties, tissue-tropism and organ-specific pathogenesis, involvement of physiological systems, and the human immune ... and the human immune response against the infection. The vastly accumulated scientific knowledge on all aspects of COVID-19 has ... human tissue organoids, and animal models, targeted to various aspects of the disease, viz., viral properties, tissue tropism ... we narrate the progress made since the commencement of the pandemic regarding the knowledge on COVID-19 mechanisms in the human ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.693938/full

Chromosomes Medicine & Life Sciences 53% * Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 Medicine & Life Sciences 22% ... Novel locus for autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG19) maps to chromosome 9q33-q34. Annals of Neurology ... Novel locus for autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG19) maps to chromosome 9q33-q34. In: Annals of ... Novel locus for autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG19) maps to chromosome 9q33-q34. / Valente, Enza ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/novel-locus-for-autosomal-dominant-pure-hereditary-spastic-parapl

About 20 distinct DNA fragments were obtained, most of which matched human chromosome sequences (see page 1971, left column). ... culture supernatant of Vero cells with a CPE was reverse transcribed and randomly amplified using 15 different primer pairs ... when the nasopharyngeal clinical sample of the 7 month old child was inoculated onto a variety of cells including human ... As concluded above, this is the case for claims 1 to 4, 7, 9, 11 and 16 as far as they refer to a nucleic acid sequence having ...

https://www.epo.org/law-practice/case-law-appeals/recent/t132437eu1.html

Humans, Microsatellite Repeats, Neurofibroma, Neurofibromatosis 1, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9, Humans, Microsatellite Repeats, ... Peris K, Fargnoli M, Chimenti S. Multiple microsatellite alterations on chromosome 9 in neurofibromas of NF-1 patients. Journal ... Multiple microsatellite alterations on chromosome 9 in neurofibromas of NF-1 patients. / Peris, Ketty; Fargnoli, Mc; Chimenti, ... Peris, K., Fargnoli, M., & Chimenti, S. (1997). Multiple microsatellite alterations on chromosome 9 in neurofibromas of NF-1 ...

https://publires.unicatt.it/it/publications/multiple-microsatellite-alterations-on-chromosome-9-in-neurofibro-9

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 15% * Chromosome Mapping 13% * Glycoproteins 9% * Central Nervous System 8% ... and distinctive facies to chromosome 15q26. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://research.uaeu.ac.ae/en/publications/localisation-of-a-gene-for-an-autosomal-recessive-syndrome-of-mac/fingerprints/

... two bright fluorescent signals on one pair of chromosomes which were subsequently confirmed by FISH to be chromosomes 9 (Fig. 3 ... In vivo binding of active heat shock transcription factor 1 to human chromosome 9 heterochromatin during stress Caroline Jolly, ... C) Ideogram of human chromosome 9 showing the precise location of HSF1 granules (arrow). (D) HSF1 granules (red) were ... C) Ideogram of human chromosome 9 showing the precise location of HSF1 granules (arrow). (D) HSF1 granules (red) were ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/156/5/775/32361/In-vivo-binding-of-active-heat-shock-transcription

... that employs fusion between human and rodent cells to create stable hybrids that contain only a subset of the human chromosomes ... In addition to the SDHC exon 6,11 the following PCR primer pairs located near SDHC exon 6 amplified a product at the expected ... from the hybrids containing the normal chromosome 1 but did not amplify from the hybrids containing the disease chromosome 1: ( ... The SDHC gene is localised at the long arm of chromosome 1 at band q23.3 at the UCSC genome database, which is far more distal ...

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/41/9/703

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 31% * Neoplasms 30% * Carcinoma in Situ 27% 64 Scopus citations ... Antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry used for routinely processed celloidin-embedded human temporal bone sections: ... Hawes, D., Munro Neville, A. & Cote, R. J., 2001, In: Annals of Surgical Oncology. 8, 9 SUPPL., p. 60-63 4 p.. Research output ... 9, p. 1615-1622 8 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review ...

https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/persons/richard-cote/publications/?ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=true&page=3

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 17% 9 Scopus citations * The effect of N-acetylcysteine or bupropion on methamphetamine self- ... Charntikov, S., Pittenger, S. T., Swalve, N., Li, M. & Bevins, R. A., Jul 15 2017, In: Neuropharmacology. 121, p. 111-119 9 p. ... Charntikov, S., Pittenger, S. T., Pudiak, C. M. & Bevins, R. A., Jun 2018, In: Neuropharmacology. 135, p. 487-495 9 p.. ... Thompson, B. M., Barrett, S. T. & Bevins, R. A., Jun 2019, In: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 181, p. 9-16 8 p.. ...

https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/persons/rick-a-bevins/publications/

Bihar Board Class 10th Science Book Solutions विज्ञान Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution- NCERT पर आधारित Text Book Questions and ... There are 23 pairs of chromosomes. Most human chromosomes have maternal and a paternal copy. We have 22 such pairs. These pairs ... There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cell of human body. Out of these, 22 pairs do not take part in sex-determination in ... human beings. The 23rd pair in gonadal cell called sex chromosome which is not always a perfect pair. Women have a perfect pair ...

https://solutionsclass.com/bihar-board-class-10-science-solutions-chapter-9-heredity-and-evolution/

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 - Preferred Concept UI. M0004438. Scope note. A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human ... A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.. ... Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 [A11.284.187.520.300.325.330] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 ... Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 [A11.284.187.520.300.325.335] Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=19111

... contains four pairs of chromosomes: an X/Y pair, and three autosomes labeled 2, 3, and 4. The fourth chromosome is so tiny that ... Similarity to humans. About 75% of known human disease genes have a recognizable match in the genetic code of fruit flies ( ... It has only four pairs of chromosomes: three autosomes, and one sex chromosome. ... The mature larvae show giant chromosomes in the salivary glands called polytene chromosomes-"puffs" indicate regions of ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Drosophila_melanogaster.html

1 Chromosome Deletion. *1 Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9. *1 Colostomy. *1 Craniofacial Dysostosis --etiology ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/115140/simple-search?query=&sort_by=score&order=desc&rpp=10&filter_field_1=subject&filter_type_1=equals&filter_value_1=Child%2C+Preschool&filter_field_2=dateIssued&filter_type_2=equals&filter_value_2=%5B1990+TO+1999%5D&etal=0&filtername=author&filterquery=Karande%2C+S+C&filtertype=equals

Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. (medlineplus.gov)
Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. (medlineplus.gov)
Chromosome 9 likely contains 800 to 900 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
People with a 9q22.3 microdeletion are missing two to more than 270 genes on chromosome 9. (medlineplus.gov)
Research shows that several genes that control cell growth and division are located on chromosome 9. (medlineplus.gov)
Genes located on structures called chromosomes carry the genetic information that determines the characteristics of each individual. (europa.eu)
Modern research has discovered the location of certain genes for very specific functions, for example the ABO blood group antigenes have been found on number 9 chromosome. (creation.com)
These chromosomes hold the DNA that contains the instructions (genes) that control the cells in your body. (rxwiki.com)
Genes from chromosome 9 combine with genes from chromosome 22 to create a new gene called BCR-ABL. (rxwiki.com)
Analysis of positional candidate genes in the AAA1 susceptibility locus for abdominal aortic aneurysms on chromosome 19. (ouhsc.edu)
Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we detected asymmetrical expression of genes among the three cell lines, notably on chromosomes 9, 11, 12, and 14, suggesting their involvement in tumorigenesis and metastasis of MM. These genes were clustered into 41 categories based on their expression patterns, and their biological functions were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. (elsevier.com)
Nineteen of these genes, including several that are closely linked, have been assigned to 10 separate autosomes, and one collagen gene has been mapped to the X chromosome. (elsevier.com)
Our data further demonstrate the complex arrangement of the many collagen genes in the human genome. (elsevier.com)
Age-related accumulation of ploidy changes is associated with decreased expression of genes controlling chromosome segregation and cohesin functions. (nature.com)
7. If the genes are in a chromosome as p-q-r-s-t, which of the following gene pairs will have least probability of being inherited together? (vedantu.com)
The p and s genes on chromosomes are present far away from each other and that is why they have the least probability of being inherited together. (vedantu.com)
Biologist Ann Gauger looked at one of the initially strongest arguments against Adam and Eve from human genetic diversity (HLA genes) and found the evidence is compatible with our descending from an initial couple. (evolutionnews.org)
The interaction of genes with each other and with environmental factors underlies many aspects of human health and disease. (who.int)
These conditions are described as genetic diseases because a defect in one or more genes or chromosomes leads to a pathological condition. (who.int)
Each chromosome has a set of genes. (nsmalondon.com)
The development of linkage disequilibrium (LD) maps is very important for understanding the nature of non-linear association between phenotypes and genes, as LD can be defined as the non-random segregation of a pair of alleles at polymorphic sites. (embrapa.br)
Genes involucrados en la amelogénesis imperfecta. (bvsalud.org)
involucrados en la AI no sindrómica, las proteínas codificas por estos genes y sus funciones, de acuerdo amelogénesis a la evidencia científica actual. (bvsalud.org)
Las futuras investigaciones abordadas desde la visión translacional ayudarán estética dental, a identificar nuevas mutaciones o nuevos genes, lo cual contribuirá a la evolución en la manera de clasificar, genes. (bvsalud.org)
2) Genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders are active in human fetal brain, yet difficult to study in a longitudinal fashion. (jcbose.ac.in)

An analysis of recombinant events identified D9S1831 and D9S164 as flanking markers, on chromosome 9q34, that define an approximately 5-cM interval that harbors the ALS4 gene. (nih.gov)
These results extend the degree of heterogeneity within familial ALS syndromes, and they implicate a gene on chromosome 9q34 as critical for motor-neuron function. (nih.gov)
The translocation involved in this condition, written as t(9;22), fuses part of the ABL1 gene from chromosome 9 with part of the BCR gene from chromosome 22, creating an abnormal fusion gene called BCR-ABL1 . (medlineplus.gov)
The abnormal chromosome 22, containing a piece of chromosome 9 and the fusion gene, is commonly called the Philadelphia chromosome. (medlineplus.gov)
No known mechanism of mutation, either at the gene level or the chromosome level has been discovered which will produce evolutionary advancement. (creation.com)
Second, the abnormal chromosome creates a new gene. (rxwiki.com)
The Philadelphia chromosome creates a new gene. (rxwiki.com)
The protein caused by the BCR-ABL gene causes too many white blood cells and most or all of these contain the abnormal Philadelphia chromosome. (rxwiki.com)
Specialized tests, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, analyze blood or bone marrow samples for the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome or the BCR-ABL gene. (rxwiki.com)
The mature larvae show giant chromosomes in the salivary glands called polytene chromosomes -"puffs" indicate regions of transcription and hence gene activity. (bionity.com)
To determine the location of the corresponding gene, the cDNA clone was hybridized to rodent-human hybrid DNAs and to human metaphase chromosomes. (elsevier.com)
The results obtained using the hybrid cell lines showed that this newly identified collagen gene, COL15A1, is present in the pter → q34 region of chromosome 9. (elsevier.com)
(6) The classic Kell antigen (KEL1) is important in transfusion medicine: anti-K antibodies can cause severe or even fatal transfusion reactions and perinatal hemolytic disease (PHD). The gene encoding the antigens of this system ( KEL ) is located on chromosome 7q33 and its expression occurs in erythroid cells and in some tissues, such as the brain, lymphoid organs, the heart and muscles. (scielo.br)
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype. (raremedicalnews.com)
X-linked dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome. (raremedicalnews.com)
X-linked recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder. (raremedicalnews.com)
The ELk-L3 gene has been localized to mouse chromosome 11 and human chromosome 17. (houstonmethodist.org)
We have identified a rare missense variant on chromosome 9, position 125145990 (GRCh37), in exon 8 in prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1) (the gene encoding cyclo-oxygenase 1 [COX-1], the target of anti-thrombotic aspirin therapy). (mssm.edu)
A chromosome 4 painting probe hybridized (FISH) with the chromosome 4 library detected a translocation chromosome and a pulverized chromosome originating from chromosome 4, PTC-1113A is, to our knowledge, the single papillary thyroid cancer cell line demonstrating evidence of gene amplification. (elsevier.com)
Mutations in the chromosome pairing gene FKBP6 are not a common cause of non-obstructive azoospermia. (cdc.gov)
Human gene copy number spectra analysis in congenital heart malformations. (cdc.gov)
Alternative splicing, chromosome assignment and subcellular localizationof the testicular haploid expressed gene (THEG). (embl-heidelberg.de)
FANCB is the one exception to FA being autosomal recessive , as this gene is on the X chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
The structural chromosome alterations may arise at the chromosome level (e.g., translocations and gains or losses of large portions of chromosomes) or at the nucleotide level, which influence gene structure or expression such as mutations, insertions, deletions, gene amplifications, and gene silencing by epigenetic effects ( Jefford and Irminger-Finger, 2006 ). (frontiersin.org)
DYT1 are caused by a 3-base pair in-frame deletion within the coding region of the TOR1A (torsinA) gene located on chromosome 9q34. (medscape.com)
Hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation, or Segawa disease, is an autosomal dominantly inherited dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) caused by heterozygous mutations of the GCH1 gene located on chromosome 14q22.1-q22.2. (medscape.com)
Chromosome and gene. (nsmalondon.com)
In support of this idea are the linea that the colorectal tumor suppressor protein DCC has some structural homology to LAR438 and that the LAR gene maps to a linds on chromosome 1p32-33 that is thought e contain a breast cancer tumor sup- pressor gene. (qrforex.com)
Seven polymorphic sites in the beta-globin gene cluster were analyzed on a sample of 96 chromosomes of Venezuelan sickle cell patients from the State of Aragua. (embrapa.br)
Mus musculus paired box gene 9, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC:11500 IMAGE:3707718), complete cds. (ucsc.edu)
In other words, if you had a gene for down syndrome, the genetically modified anti-biotic could mutate the malice chromosome into something less harmfull. (blurtit.com)

The following chromosomal conditions are associated with changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 9. (medlineplus.gov)
9q22.3 microdeletion is a chromosomal change in which a small piece of the long (q) arm of chromosome 9 is deleted in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Chromosome 9 inversion is one of the most common structural balanced chromosomal variants, with an estimated incidence of about 3.5 percent. (raremedicalnews.com)
In addition, the chromosomal loci associated with invasion are amplified in both mouse and human lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
Many FA patients (about 30%) do not have any of the classic physical findings, but diepoxybutane chromosome fragility assay showing increased chromosomal breaks can make the diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
As a major form of genomic instability, chromosomal instability comprises aberrant chromosome numbers (i.e., aneuploidy or polyploidy) and structural changes in chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)

The genome consists of 30-million base pairs Describe the size and content of the genome. (kenyon.edu)
The success of the Human Genome Project inspired similar projects looking at the genome in various cancers [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The ability to produce embryonic stem (ES) cell lines containing different yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) integrated into the same location in the genome provides a system for comparing the biological effects of YAC transgenes without the confounding influences of integration site and copy number. (elsevier.com)
At the beginning of this series, we observed that many of the topics covered in Adam and the Genome are not relevant to whether Adam and Eve existed as the progenitors of the human race. (evolutionnews.org)
For more details, please see " Adam and the Genome and Human-Ape Genetic Similarity . (evolutionnews.org)
For more details, please see " Adam and the Genome and Human Genetic Diversity ," " Adam and the Genome and Citation Bluffing ," and " Adam and the Genome and 'Predetermined Conclusions' . (evolutionnews.org)
Deploying the Whole Genome Sequence In Medicine and Public Health, One Base Pair At A Time. (cdc.gov)
Introduction: The Human Genome Project (HGP) has allowed for advances in diagnosis and prevention of diseases. (bvsalud.org)
The Human Genome Project (HGP) started in the United States of America aiming at sequencing and mapping the human genetic code. (bvsalud.org)
In 2003, the sequencing of almost all human genome (HG) was announced. (bvsalud.org)
TEs play a particularly vital role in genome evolution 9 and recurringly generate adaptive phenotypes 10,11,12,13 primarily through (retro-)transposition 14 , and secondarily through ectopic recombination and aberrant transposition 15 . (wurmlab.com)
nanomonsv is a software for detecting somatic structural variations from paired (tumor and matched control) cancer genome sequence data. (pypi.org)
During this talk, I will tell two such stories: 1) Structural variations in the human genome originate from different mechanisms related to DNA repair, replication, and retro-transposition. (jcbose.ac.in)
Analyses were performed to understand how chromatin organization and/or epigenome affects origin of structural variations in human genome. (jcbose.ac.in)
This study also indicated a potential beneficial role of repetitive elements in the human genome. (jcbose.ac.in)
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was begun in 1990 and declared complete in 2003. (coursera.org)

Affected individuals are missing at least 352,000 base pairs, also written as 352 kilobases (kb), in the q22.3 region of chromosome 9. (medlineplus.gov)
Loss of the distal portion and duplication of the proximal region of chromosome 4 were observed in the primary tumor cell cultures. (cdc.gov)
Duplication of the proximal region of chromosome 4 occurred in 22% of the spontaneously-occurring high-invasive cells strains and 83% of the chemically-induced high-invasive cell culrures. (cdc.gov)

The gametes receive half of the chromosomes. (mpboardsolutions.guru)
The gametes, as we know, receive half of the chromosomes. (extraclass.in)

As powerful tools to detect molecular changes associated with primary and invasive mouse lung adenocarcinoma cells, we used Spectral Karyotyping, mapping with fluorescently labeled genomic clones and comparative genomic hybridization on a BAC array to analyze 15 primary adenocarcinoma and 9 pairs of high and low invasive tumor cell cultures. (cdc.gov)
Investigations of the minimal region of alteration of chromosome 4 by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and BAC array demonstrated the deletion of a 3 centimorgan region in the middle portion of the chromosome. (cdc.gov)
We used Spectral Karyoryping (SKY), mapping with fluorescently labeled genomic clones (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), expression array, real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot to analyze 15 primary adenocarcinoma and 9 pairs of high and low invasive cell cultures to detect molecular changes. (cdc.gov)

The extra-short chromosome 22 is called the Philadelphia chromosome, named for the city where it was discovered. (rxwiki.com)

The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome provides a target for molecular therapies. (medlineplus.gov)

As in previous lectures, I will illustrate some of the basic human genetic phenomena through case studies, in this case ranging from calico cats to the human genetic disorders of Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes. (coursera.org)

Human molecular genetics , 9 (12), 1745-1751. (elsevier.com)
American journal of human genetics , 70 (1), 11-19. (elsevier.com)
Despite of the extraordinary importance that all new knowledge on human genetics will have in dental clinics, little efforts have been made to prepare undergraduates in relation to this new information and technology. (bvsalud.org)

Sep 22, 2022 Telomere vesicles retained the Rad51 recombination factor that enabled telomere fusion with T-cell chromosome ends lengthening them by an average of 3,000 base pairs. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)
38(9): e00050622, 2022. (bvsalud.org)
Resveratrol reverses TGF-β1-mediated invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells via the SIRT3/AMPK/autophagy signal axis - Phytother Res 2022 Sep 9 - 'Taken together, our study provided novel insight into the anticancer effects of Resv and revealed that targeting the SIRT3/AMPK/autophagy pathway can serve as a new therapeutic target against breast cancer' - See resveratrol products at Amazon.com . (qualitycounts.com)

The DNA in the chromosomes is incredibly complex, yet it can be subject to accidental alterations or mutations. (creation.com)
7- 9 All reported mutations are single nucleotide alterations leading to splice site, missense, nonsense, or frameshift mutations, or intra-exonic deletions and insertions of up to four nucleotides, which have been detected through exonic PCR amplifications and sequencing. (bmj.com)
Frequent alterations in MSI-H tumors included gains of chromosomes 8, 12, and 13, and loss of 15q14. (nyu.edu)

The purpose of this chapter is describing the basic methods of immunofluorescence analysis of mitotic cells and chromosomes. (bvsalud.org)
Class 10 Science Chapter 9 MCQ Online Test with solutions and answers. (mercinewyork.com)
Free PDF Download of CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Multiple Choice Questions with Answers. (mercinewyork.com)
Online Test of Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution Class 10th Science Questions :- 1.With whom you can associate theory of evolution? (mercinewyork.com)
Bihar Board Class 10th Science Book Solutions विज्ञान Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution- NCERT पर आधारित Text Book Questions and Answers Notes, pdf, Summary, व्याख्या, वर्णन में बहुत सरल भाषा का प्रयोग किया गया है. (solutionsclass.com)
Two peer-reviewed papers and a book chapter have already been published in the ID-community related to modeling these questions, and early evidence suggests that an initial pair is capable of explaining human genetic diversity. (evolutionnews.org)
In this chapter, electrophilic agents nogenicity from studies of exposed (benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and eth- include direct-acting electrophilic humans. (who.int)
or each of these agents, carcinogenicity in rats and/or mice, els, differences in exposure con- there was sufficient evidence of car- for example for the liver (aflatoxins, ditions between studies in animals cinogenicity from studies in rats and/ trichloroethylene [TCE], and vinyl and in humans, or limitations in Part 1 · Chapter 1. (who.int)

The arrays consisted of 2,464 bacterial artificial chromosome clones. (nyu.edu)

The human body has nearly 1013 cells. (cdc.gov)
Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Chromosome 9 is made up of about 141 million DNA building blocks (base pairs) and represents approximately 4.5 percent of the total DNA in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
A rearrangement (translocation) of genetic material between chromosomes 9 and 22 causes a type of cancer of blood-forming cells called chronic myeloid leukemia. (medlineplus.gov)
In an adult human being, if the number of cells is round about 10 13 , then the total length of DNA would extend from the earth to the sun 100 times. (creation.com)
Human cells normally contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. (rxwiki.com)
In people with chronic myelogenous leukemia , the chromosomes in the blood cells swap sections with each other. (rxwiki.com)
The Philadelphia chromosome is present in the blood cells of 90 percent of people with CML. (rxwiki.com)
To determine the consequences of whole chromosome instability ( W-CIN ) we down-regulated the spindle assembly checkpoint component BUB1 and the mitotic cohesin SMC1A, and used four-color-interphase-FISH coupled with BrdU incorporation and analyses of senescence features to reveal the fate of W-CIN cells. (nature.com)
Among the inducers of cellular senescence, particularly in human cells, is the telomere attrition that convey repeated cell division in the absence of telomerase, as well as other forms of DNA damage, most notably DNA double-strand breaks and oxidative stress ( OS ) 1 . (nature.com)
The duplication of chromosome 1 and 15 were associated with the ability of cells to invade a gel matrix. (cdc.gov)
Additionally, the subcellular localization of mouse THEG wasconfirmed by a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein of mouseTHEG which was found mainly in the nucleus of transfected NIH3T3 cells.These data suggest that both human and mouse THEG are specificallyexpressed in the nucleus of haploid male germ cells and are involved inthe regulation of nuclear functions. (embl-heidelberg.de)
For example, yeast has 12, watermelon has 20, and salmon has 24 pairs of chromosomes in its cells. (howtodiscuss.com)
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells, with one member of each team inherited from your mother and one from your father. (howtodiscuss.com)
HG consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes existing in all diploid cells of human beings, where DNA is found and all genetic features of an individual is stored 6 . (bvsalud.org)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Because when a parent cell divides in to daughter cells then it gives equal number of chromosomes to. (blurtit.com)
As they're looking around, free radicals can damage human cells. (verywellhealth.com)
Organoids from human pluripotent cells can be used to model cerebral cortical development. (jcbose.ac.in)

Different fragment lengths of base pairs that result from cutting a DNA molecule with restriction enzymes. (flashcardmachine.com)
A procedure used to determine the order of the base pairs that constitute DNA. (flashcardmachine.com)
A region of a DNA molecule that contains short segments of three to seven repeating base pairs. (flashcardmachine.com)
the largest reported deletion included 20.5 million base pairs (20.5 Mb). (medlineplus.gov)
The chromosome pairs average about 1.1 million base pairs or nearly 6 feet long. (howtodiscuss.com)
They can even range from as small as 600,000 base pairs (2 feet) to over 2 million base pairs in some individuals! (howtodiscuss.com)
For researchers who wish to convert T/S ratio to base pairs (bp), the formula is (3,274 + 2,413 * (T/S)). The conversion from T/S ratio to bp is calculated based on comparison of telomeric restriction fragment (TRF) length from Southern blot analysis and T/S ratios using DNA samples from the human diploid fibroblast cell line IMR90 at different population doublings. (cdc.gov)
While comparisons across studies of telomere length in base pairs are commonly done, it is not highly accurate. (cdc.gov)
The four base pairs of DNA are adenine(A),thymine(T),guanine(G) & cytosine(C).They pair up in the. (blurtit.com)

Many cases of NMIBC tumors have a chromosome 9 deletion, which typically occurs early in tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)

Loss of entire copies of chromosomes 7, 8, and 14 were significant in the primary tumor cell cultures. (cdc.gov)

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken a heavy toll on human lives globally (~4.8 million until October 8, 2021, per WHO data). (frontiersin.org)

Down syndrome is the most common chromosome disorder, affecting about one in every 700 babies. (howtodiscuss.com)
Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder, resulting from an extra chromosome in pair 21. (bvsalud.org)

First, an abnormal chromosome develops. (rxwiki.com)

We have isolated a 2.1-kb human cDNA clone coding for a collagen molecule different in sequence and structure from types I-XIV collagens. (elsevier.com)

Amplification of mouse chromosome 4 in chemically induced and invasive mouse lung adenocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)
Mouse chromosome 1 and 15 were amplified in 90% of the high-invasive cell strains. (cdc.gov)

The cell line was growing as monolayer and showed a complex karyotype with chromosome numbers ranging from 30 to 140/metaphase. (elsevier.com)
The karyotype is the number of chromosomes a human has. (howtodiscuss.com)
The karyotype for humans is 46. (howtodiscuss.com)
The human karyotype is 46. (howtodiscuss.com)

De Novo Pericentric Inversion of Chromosome 9 in Congenital Anomaly. (raremedicalnews.com)

Relevant of mutagenicity and clastogenici- angiosarcomas of the liver, which carcinogens discussed in this chap- ty, including the induction of sister are rare tumours, were identified in ter do not include pharmaceutical chromatid exchange (SCE), chro- humans, rats, and mice exposed to drugs classified in Group 1, which mosomal aberrations (CA), and mi- vinyl chloride. (who.int)

Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. (medlineplus.gov)
In humans, each cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes. (europa.eu)
Yet this DNA is tightly packed inside the chromosomes of each cell. (creation.com)
Smoking dysregulates the human airway basal cell transcriptome at COPD risk locus 19q13.2. (ouhsc.edu)
Cell cycle-dependent regulation of chromosome is a dynamic event. (bvsalud.org)
Mitotic cell division requires that kinetochores form microtubule attachments that can segregate chromosomes and control mitotic progression via the spindle assembly checkpoint. (bvsalud.org)
There are 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cell of human body. (solutionsclass.com)
The 23rd pair in gonadal cell called sex chromosome which is not always a perfect pair. (solutionsclass.com)
Chromosomes are the structures found in every cell of the body that contain our DNA , the instructions that tell our body what to do. (raremedicalnews.com)
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, which means that each human cell contains 46 chromosomes. (raremedicalnews.com)
Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell of their body and 23 pairs of autosomal chromosomes, and one pair of sex chromosomes, either X or Y, that are found in the nucleus of every cell (23 + 1 = 46). (howtodiscuss.com)
This means that the number of chromosomes in every cell in the human body is 46. (howtodiscuss.com)
If a male receives an X chromosome from his mother and another Y chromosome from his father, he will not be able to create another sperm cell with an X chromosome that can produce a female child when fertilized. (howtodiscuss.com)
If both X chromosomes in a sperm cell from a male have been mutated, then he may not be able to produce offspring. (howtodiscuss.com)
In total, there are 46 chromosomes in a human cell. (howtodiscuss.com)
The medial portion of chromosome 4 was deleted in 67% of all of the cell Strains. (cdc.gov)
Previous reports suggest that electrical forces on cell structure proteins interfered with the chromosome separation during mitosis and induced apoptosis. (nature.com)
In a female who has two X chromosomes sometime early in development, randomly in each cell, at that particular point in development, one of her chromosomes becomes inactive. (coursera.org)
And the chromosome X that becomes inactive in that cell is actually stably inactive. (coursera.org)
That is, every cell that derives from that initial cell will have the same X chromosome inactive. (coursera.org)

We performed a genomewide search and detected strong evidence for linkage of the ALS4 locus to markers from chromosome 9q34. (nih.gov)
Linkage analysis and haplotype construction permitted the identification of a novel ADPHSP locus on the long arm of chromosome 9, designated SPG19. (elsevier.com)
This is the first example of a transcriptional activator that accumulates transiently and reversibly on a chromosome-specific heterochromatic locus. (rupress.org)

Chromosome 9, chromosome 7, and 20q-were recurrent abnormalities in the JAK2+ group, whereas 13q-and trisomy 21 were common in the JAK2-group. (elsevier.com)
Chromosome Abnormalities. (raremedicalnews.com)

Telomeres are small structures that protect the ends of your chromosomes. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

A region of a chromosome that contains multiple copies of a core DNA sequence that are arranged in a repeating fashion. (flashcardmachine.com)
Two copies of chromosome 9, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs. (medlineplus.gov)
the two copies of chromosome #1 swap DNA with each other and then duplicate, creating two new chromosomes from one original. (howtodiscuss.com)
People with Down syndrome usually have three copies of this chromosome instead of two. (howtodiscuss.com)

Some genetic diseases, such as haemophilia, are carried on the X-chromosome (these X-linked disorders occur mainly in men). (who.int)

Precise characterization of somatic structural variations and mobile element insertions from paired long-read sequencing data with nanomonsv, Shiraishi et al. (pypi.org)

FISH mapping further narrowed the region of deletion of chromosome 4 to 39.6 centimorgans (cM) and the region of duplication to 10-35 cM. (cdc.gov)

The remaining 23rd pair, called the sex chromosome, determines whether you're a male or female. (howtodiscuss.com)

One approach involves the experimental transmission of disease by inoculating homogenized brain tissue from affected animals into transgenic mice that are overexpressing 1 of the 2 common polymorphic forms of the human PrP (either methionine or valine at residue 129) on a mouse PrP null background ( 16 ). (cdc.gov)

2000;9(12):1745-1751. (elsevier.com)

Mapping with FISH and CGH array further narrowed the region of duplication of chromosome 1 to five centimorgans. (cdc.gov)

The child gametes have 22 autosomes and either X or Y sex chromosome in males while X in females. (mpboardsolutions.guru)
However, since the females have XX sex chromosomes, their gametes can only have X sex chromosome. (extraclass.in)

A sequence variant, rs7025486[A], in DAB2IP on chromosome 9q33 has recently been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). (ucl.ac.uk)
We also sought to examine whether this variant, in combination with a chromosome 9p21 CHD variant (rs10757278) and the Framingham risk score (FRS), could improve the prediction of events compared with the FRS alone. (ucl.ac.uk)
We mapped the causative variant to a 37 kb segment on bovine chromosome 3. (plos.org)
The BSE prion is an epizootic agent and causes variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans after dietary exposure ( 1 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)

Pair of sex chromosomes determines the particular sex of a child. (mpboardsolutions.guru)
Of these 23 pairs, 22 are autosomal, and one team determines sex. (howtodiscuss.com)

Moreover, when Buggs courteously but reasonably requested that Venema provide a scientific citation for his claim that humans evolved from an ancestral population of ~10,000 individuals rather than a short, sharp bottleneck of two parents (Adam and Eve), Venema was unable to provide such a citation, seriously undermining his arguments on this point. (evolutionnews.org)
Processing of Body Odor Signals by the Human Brain and the citation to Kanwisher et al (1997) The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception , which is Cited by 3165 . (rna-mediated.com)

Human pheromones: integrating neuroendocrinology and ethology JV Kohl, M Atzmueller, B Fink… - Neuroendocrinology Letters, 2001 - The effect of sensory input on hormones is essential to any explanation of mammalian behavior, including aspects of physical attraction. (rna-mediated.com)

Together, our work defines the mechanistic basis for a cooperative Kif18b-MCAK-EB network at microtubule plus ends, that acts to efficiently shorten and regulate microtubules in mitosis, essential for correct chromosome segregation. (bvsalud.org)

In females, it is perfect with two X-chromosomes. (mercinewyork.com)
In human, the males have one X and one Y chromosome and the females have two X chromosomes therefore, the females are XX and the males are XY. (mpboardsolutions.guru)
The male chromosome is called an X, and the female is a Y. Females have two X chromosomes (XX), while males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). (howtodiscuss.com)
Males have one X chromosome, but females have two X chromosomes. (howtodiscuss.com)
Females need two X chromosomes for normal functioning. (howtodiscuss.com)
pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XY in Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier, males, XX in females) (8). (cdc.gov)

Unlike non- ionizing radiation (such as microwaves and ultraviolet radiation), which has insufficient energy to eject molecular electrons, ionizing radiation deposits sufficient energy to remove electrons from atomic orbits and create molecular ion pairs along particle tracks. (cdc.gov)
Molecular human reproduction 2005 Sep 11 (9): 673-5. (cdc.gov)
C) Molecular characteristics of human S. suis isolates collected during 2008-2015 in Shenzhen City. (cdc.gov)

In human beings there are 23 pairs of DNA (or 46 chromosomes). (creation.com)
Out of these, 22 pairs do not take part in sex-determination in human beings. (solutionsclass.com)
This is the basis of sex determination in human beings. (mpboardsolutions.guru)
The use of the technique of nuclear transfer for reproduction of human beings is surrounded by strong ethical concerns and controversies and is considered a threat to human dignity. (who.int)
2. Over the years, the international community has tried without success to build a consensus on an international convention against the reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Creating awareness among ministries of health in the African Region will provide them with critical and relevant information on the reproductive cloning of human beings and its implications to the health status of the general population. (who.int)
7. The WHO Regional Committee for Africa is invited to review this document for information and guidance concerning reproductive cloning of human beings. (who.int)
3. Media reports on nuclear transfer are usually about one form, reproductive nuclear transfer, also known as reproductive cloning of human beings . (who.int)

In reply thereto, appellant I submitted with a letter dated 17 May 2019 further auxiliary requests 6 to 9. (epo.org)

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. (ouhsc.edu)
For metabolized to reactive electro- icity in humans, but the classification bis(chloromethyl)ether (BCME), the philes. (who.int)

JAK2 mutation testing and karyotyping are routinely used for diagnosis but have not been incorporated into risk stratification in Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms. (elsevier.com)

The precise regulation of microtubule length during mitosis is essential to assemble and position the mitotic spindle and segregate chromosomes. (bvsalud.org)

An inversion occurs when there are two breaks in one chromosome. (raremedicalnews.com)
If one break occurs in the short arm and the other in the long arm of the chromosome, then this is called a pericentric inversion . (raremedicalnews.com)
In the case of female X chromosome inactivation, that actually occurs within the first couple weeks of embryonic development. (coursera.org)

These same linkage groups are altered in human lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
The alteration of the same linkage groups in mouse and human indicates that the mouse is a valid model for human lung adenocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)
The homologous linkage groups on human chromosomes 9p2I, 1p36, 9q and 8q are altered in asbestos -induced human lung adenocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)

The Philadelphia chromosome also has been found in some cases of rapidly progressing blood cancers known as acute leukemias. (medlineplus.gov)
Tests to look for the Philadelphia chromosome. (rxwiki.com)

Anatomy66

Organisms8

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes174

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/1281)

Level of retinoblastoma protein expression correlates with p16 (MTS-1/INK4A/CDKN2) status in bladder cancer. (2/1281)

Diaphyseal medullary stenosis with malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a hereditary bone dysplasia/cancer syndrome maps to 9p21-22. (3/1281)

Identification and characterization of a homozygous deletion found in ovarian ascites by representational difference analysis. (4/1281)

Frequent genetic alterations in simple urothelial hyperplasias of the bladder in patients with papillary urothelial carcinoma. (5/1281)

Retinitis pigmentosa and progressive sensorineural hearing loss caused by a C12258A mutation in the mitochondrial MTTS2 gene. (6/1281)

Precise genetic mapping and haplotype analysis of the familial dysautonomia gene on human chromosome 9q31. (7/1281)

Molecular cytogenetic detection of 9q34 breakpoints associated with nail patella syndrome. (8/1281)

Chromosomes

Chromosome Mapping

Chromosome Banding

X Chromosome

Chromosome Aberrations

Sex Chromosomes

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1

Chromosomes, Human

Chromosomes, Bacterial

Chromosome Segregation

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6

Chromosome Deletion

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21

Chromosomes, Plant

Chromosomes, Fungal

Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22

Chromosome Pairing

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13

Chromosomes, Mammalian

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8

Chromosomes, Human, Y

Chromosome Disorders

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5

Chromosomes, Human, X

Chromosome Painting

Chromosomes, Human, 1-3

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15

Karyotyping

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Chromosomes, Human, 16-18

Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast

Genetic Linkage

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15

Chromosome Breakage

Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y

Molecular Sequence Data

Base Sequence

Ring Chromosomes

Genetic Markers

Chromosome Inversion

Chromosome Positioning

Chromosomes, Human, 4-5

X Chromosome Inactivation

Centromere

Meiosis

Chromosomes, Insect

Translocation, Genetic

Hybrid Cells

Chromosome Structures

Chromosomes, Human, 19-20

Aneuploidy

Metaphase

Mitosis

Recombination, Genetic

Mutation

Microsatellite Repeats

Lod Score

Pedigree

Crosses, Genetic

Cloning, Molecular

Phenotype

DNA

Alleles

Amino Acid Sequence

Nucleic Acid Hybridization