Chromosomes human pair 15. Medical search

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.

Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.

The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The orderly segregation of CHROMOSOMES during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The medium-sized, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group C in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 and the X chromosome.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The alignment of CHROMOSOMES at homologous sequences.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of MAMMALS.

A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans.

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal chromosome constitution in which there is extra or missing chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment). (from Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 5th ed, p429)

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

One of the two pairs of human chromosomes in the group B class (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 4-5).

The human female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in humans.

A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species.

The large, metacentric human chromosomes, called group A in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 1, 2, and 3.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

The short, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group E in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 16, 17, and 18.

Chromosomes in which fragments of exogenous DNA ranging in length up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast through ligation to vector sequences. These artificial chromosomes are used extensively in molecular biology for the construction of comprehensive genomic libraries of higher organisms.

The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.

The medium-sized, acrocentric human chromosomes, called group D in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 13, 14, and 15.

A type of chromosomal aberration involving DNA BREAKS. Chromosome breakage can result in CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; or SEQUENCE DELETION.

The short, acrocentric human chromosomes, called group G in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 21 and 22 and the Y chromosome.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Aberrant chromosomes with no ends, i.e., circular.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.

The mechanisms of eukaryotic CELLS that place or keep the CHROMOSOMES in a particular SUBNUCLEAR SPACE.

The large, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group B in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 4 and 5.

A dosage compensation process occurring at an early embryonic stage in mammalian development whereby, at random, one X CHROMOSOME of the pair is repressed in the somatic cells of females.

The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA.

A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.

Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.

Structures which are contained in or part of CHROMOSOMES.

The short, metacentric human chromosomes, called group F in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 19 and 20.

The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).

The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

The total relative probability, expressed on a logarithmic scale, that a linkage relationship exists among selected loci. Lod is an acronym for "logarithmic odds."

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The failure of homologous CHROMOSOMES or CHROMATIDS to segregate during MITOSIS or MEIOSIS with the result that one daughter cell has both of a pair of parental chromosomes or chromatids and the other has none.

Large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase in the cell cycle.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny human cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.

A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

A technique with which an unknown region of a chromosome can be explored. It is generally used to isolate a locus of interest for which no probe is available but that is known to be linked to a gene which has been identified and cloned. A fragment containing a known gene is selected and used as a probe to identify other overlapping fragments which contain the same gene. The nucleotide sequences of these fragments can then be characterized. This process continues for the length of the chromosome.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.

Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.

An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Susceptibility of chromosomes to breakage leading to translocation; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; SEQUENCE DELETION; or other CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE related aberrations.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

An aberration in which an extra chromosome or a chromosomal segment is made.

Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed of simple sequences (very short) (see MINISATELLITE REPEATS) repeated in tandem many times to form large blocks of sequence. Additionally, following the accumulation of mutations, these blocks of repeats have been repeated in tandem themselves. The degree of repetition is on the order of 1000 to 10 million at each locus. Loci are few, usually one or two per chromosome. They were called satellites since in density gradients, they often sediment as distinct, satellite bands separate from the bulk of genomic DNA owing to a distinct BASE COMPOSITION.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented twice. Symbol: 2N or 2X.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.

Either of the two longitudinally adjacent threads formed when a eukaryotic chromosome replicates prior to mitosis. The chromatids are held together at the centromere. Sister chromatids are derived from the same chromosome. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Extra large CHROMOSOMES, each consisting of many identical copies of a chromosome lying next to each other in parallel.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.

The first phase of cell nucleus division, in which the CHROMOSOMES become visible, the CELL NUCLEUS starts to lose its identity, the SPINDLE APPARATUS appears, and the CENTRIOLES migrate toward opposite poles.

The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.

The full set of CHROMOSOMES presented as a systematized array of METAPHASE chromosomes from a photomicrograph of a single CELL NUCLEUS arranged in pairs in descending order of size and according to the position of the CENTROMERE. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Plasmids containing at least one cos (cohesive-end site) of PHAGE LAMBDA. They are used as cloning vehicles.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Examination of CHROMOSOMES to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. Following preparation of the sample, KARYOTYPING is performed and/or the specific chromosomes are analyzed.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular analysis of the CHROMOSOMES, and location of the GENES on chromosomes, and the movements of chromosomes during the CELL CYCLE.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.

Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Specific loci that show up during KARYOTYPING as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a CHROMATID arm after culturing cells under specific conditions. These sites are associated with an increase in CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY. They are classified as common or rare, and by the specific culture conditions under which they develop. Fragile site loci are named by the letters "FRA" followed by a designation for the specific chromosome, and a letter which refers to which fragile site of that chromosome (e.g. FRAXA refers to fragile site A on the X chromosome. It is a rare, folic acid-sensitive fragile site associated with FRAGILE X SYNDROME.)

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Short tracts of DNA sequence that are used as landmarks in GENOME mapping. In most instances, 200 to 500 base pairs of sequence define a Sequence Tagged Site (STS) that is operationally unique in the human genome (i.e., can be specifically detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the presence of all other genomic sequences). The overwhelming advantage of STSs over mapping landmarks defined in other ways is that the means of testing for the presence of a particular STS can be completely described as information in a database.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.

The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.

Genes that are located on the X CHROMOSOME.

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal sex chromosome constitution (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS), in which there is extra or missing sex chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment).

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

PHENOTHIAZINES with an amino group at the 3-position that are green crystals or powder. They are used as biological stains.

Overlapping of cloned or sequenced DNA to construct a continuous region of a gene, chromosome or genome.

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.

An aberrant form of human CHROMOSOME 22 characterized by translocation of the distal end of chromosome 9 from 9q34, to the long arm of chromosome 22 at 22q11. It is present in the bone marrow cells of 80 to 90 per cent of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE).

The locations in specific DNA sequences where CHROMOSOME BREAKS have occurred.

Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

Structures within the nucleus of archaeal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented once. Symbol: N.

The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype.

Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.

The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

The variable phenotypic expression of a GENE depending on whether it is of paternal or maternal origin, which is a function of the DNA METHYLATION pattern. Imprinted regions are observed to be more methylated and less transcriptionally active. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

In the interphase nucleus, a condensed mass of chromatin representing an inactivated X chromosome. Each X CHROMOSOME, in excess of one, forms sex chromatin (Barr body) in the mammalian nucleus. (from King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A characteristic symptom complex.

The stage in the first meiotic prophase, following ZYGOTENE STAGE, when CROSSING OVER between homologous CHROMOSOMES begins.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, elements such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, that are required for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance in progeny cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

A characteristic showing quantitative inheritance such as SKIN PIGMENTATION in humans. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.

Genes that are located on the Y CHROMOSOME.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Chromosome regions that are loosely packaged and more accessible to RNA polymerases than HETEROCHROMATIN. These regions also stain differentially in CHROMOSOME BANDING preparations.

A form of GENE LIBRARY containing the complete DNA sequences present in the genome of a given organism. It contrasts with a cDNA library which contains only sequences utilized in protein coding (lacking introns).

The mechanisms by which the SEX of an individual's GONADS are fixed.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Tumor suppression in human skin carcinoma cells by chromosome 15 transfer or thrombospondin-1 overexpression through halted tumor vascularization. (1/849)

The development of skin carcinomas presently is believed to be correlated with mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor and ras gene as well as with the loss of chromosome 9. We now demonstrate that, in addition, loss of chromosome 15 may be a relevant genetic defect. Reintroduction of an extra copy of chromosome 15, but not chromosome 4, into the human skin carcinoma SCL-I cells, lacking one copy of each chromosome, resulted in tumor suppression after s.c. injection in mice. Transfection with thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), mapped to 15q15, induced the same tumor suppression without affecting cell proliferation in vitro or in vivo. Halted tumors remained as small cysts encapsulated by surrounding stroma and blood vessels. These cysts were characterized by increased TSP-1 matrix deposition at the tumor/stroma border and a complete lack of tumor vascularization. Coinjection of TSP-1 antisense oligonucleotides drastically reduced TSP-1 expression and almost completely abolished matrix deposition at the tumor/stroma border. As a consequence, the tumor phenotype reverted to a well vascularized, progressively expanding, solid carcinoma indistinguishable from that induced by the untransfected SCL-I cells. Thus, these data strongly suggest TSP-1 as a potential tumor suppressor on chromosome 15. The data further propose an unexpected mechanism of TSP-1-mediated tumor suppression. Instead of interfering with angiogenesis in general, in this system TSP-1 acts as a matrix barrier at the tumor/stroma border, which, by halting tumor vascularization, prevents tumor cell invasion and, thus, tumor expansion. (+info)

In vivo nuclease hypersensitivity studies reveal multiple sites of parental origin-dependent differential chromatin conformation in the 150 kb SNRPN transcription unit. (2/849)

Human chromosome region 15q11-q13 contains a cluster of oppositely imprinted genes. Loss of the paternal or the maternal alleles by deletion of the region or by uniparental disomy 15 results in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) or Angelman syndrome (AS), respectively. Hence, the two phenotypically distinct neurodevelopmental disorders are caused by the lack of products of imprinted genes. Subsets of PWS and AS patients exhibit 'imprinting mutations', such as small microdeletions within the 5' region of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N ( SNRPN ) transcription unit which affect the transcriptional activity and methylation status of distant imprinted genes throughout 15q11-q13 in cis. To elucidate the mechanism of these long-range effects, we have analyzed the chromatin structure of the 150 kb SNRPN transcription unit for DNase I- and Msp I-hypersensitive sites. By using an in vivo approach on lymphoblastoid cell lines from PWS and AS individuals, we discovered that the SNRPN exon 1 is flanked by prominent hypersensitive sites on the paternal allele, but is completely inaccessible to nucleases on the maternal allele. In contrast, we identified several regions of increased nuclease hypersensitivity on the maternal allele, one of which coincides with the AS minimal microdeletion region and another lies in intron 1 immediately downstream of the paternal-specific hypersensitive sites. At several sites, parental origin-specific nuclease hypersensitivity was found to be correlated with hypermethylation on the allele contributed by the other parent. The differential parental origin-dependent chromatin conformations might govern access of regulatory protein complexes and/or RNAs which could mediate interaction of the region with other genes. (+info)

Molecular cloning of two new human paralogs of 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2. (3/849)

Two new cloned human cDNAs encode paralogs of the 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). We propose to call these cPLA2beta (114 kDa) and cPLA2gamma (61 kDa), giving the name cPLA2alpha to the well known 85-kDa enzyme. cPLA2beta mRNA is expressed more highly in cerebellum and pancreas and cPLA2gamma more highly in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Sequence-tagged site mapping places cPLA2beta on chromosome 15 in a region near a phosphoinositol bisphosphate phosphatase. The mRNA for cPLA2beta is spliced only at a very low level, and Northern blots in 24 tissues show exclusively the unspliced form. cPLA2beta has much lower activity on 2-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes than either of the other two enzymes. Its sequence contains a histidine motif characteristic of the catalytic center of caspase proteases of the apoptotic cascade but no region characteristic of the catalytic cysteine. Sequence-tagged site mapping places cPLA2gamma on chromosome 19 near calmodulin. cPLA2gamma lacks the C2 domain, which gives cPLA2alpha its Ca2+ sensitivity, and accordingly cPLA2gamma has no dependence upon calcium, although cPLA2beta does. cPLA2gamma contains a prenyl group-binding site motif and appears to be largely membrane-bound. cPLA2alpha residues activated by phosphorylation do not appear to be well conserved in either new enzyme. In contrast, all three previously known catalytic residues, as well as one additional essential arginine, Arg-566 in cPLA2alpha, are conserved in both new enzyme sequences. Mutagenesis shows strong dependence on these residues for catalytic activity of all three enzymes. (+info)

Bothnia dystrophy caused by mutations in the cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein gene (RLBP1) on chromosome 15q26. (4/849)

PURPOSE: To determine the chromosomal location and to identify the gene causing a type of retinitis punctata albescens, called Bothnia dystrophy, found in a restricted geographic area in northern Sweden. METHODS: Twenty patients from seven families originating from a restricted geographic area in northern Sweden were clinically examined. Microsatellite markers were analyzed in all affected and unaffected family members. Direct genomic sequencing of the gene encoding cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein was performed after the linkage analysis had been completed. RESULTS: Affected individuals showed night blindness from early childhood with features consistent with retinitis punctata albescens and macular degeneration. The responsible gene was mapped to 15q26, the same region to which the cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein gene has been assigned. Subsequent analysis showed all affected patients were homozygous for a C to T substitution in exon 7 of the same gene, leading to the missense mutation Arg234Trp. Analysis of marker haplotypes suggested that all cases had a common ancestor who carried the mutation. CONCLUSIONS: A missense mutation in the cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein gene is the cause of Bothnia dystrophy. The disease is a local variant of retinitis punctata albescens that is common in northern Sweden due to a founder mutation. (+info)

Cloning, characterization, and chromosomal location of a novel human K+-Cl- cotransporter. (5/849)

Differential display polymerase chain reaction has been used to isolate genes regulated in vascular endothelial cells by the angiogenic factor vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). Analysis of one of the bands consistently up-regulated by VEGF led us to the identification of a cDNA from a human umbilical vein endothelial cell library that is 77% identical to the human K+-Cl- cotransporter1 (KCC1). We have referred to the predicted protein as K+-Cl- cotransporter 3 (KCC3). Hydrophobicity analysis of the KCC3 amino acid sequence showed an almost identical pattern to KCC1, suggesting 12 membrane-spanning segments, a large extracellular loop with potential N-glycosylation sites, and cytoplasmic N- and C-terminal regions. The KCC3 mRNA was highly expressed in brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney, showing a distinct pattern and size from KCC1 and KCC2. The KCC3 mRNA level in endothelial cells increased on treatment with VEGF and decreased with the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha, whereas KCC1 mRNA levels remained unchanged. Stable overexpression of KCC3 cDNA in HEK293 cells produced a glycoprotein of approximately 150 kDa, which was reduced to 120 kDa by glycosidase digestion. An increased initial uptake rate of 86Rb was seen in clones with high KCC3 expression, which was dependent on extracellular Cl- but not Na+ and was inhibitable by the loop diuretic agent furosemide. The KCC3 genomic localization was shown to be 15q13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Radiation hybrid analysis placed KCC3 within an area associated with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. These results suggest KCC3 is a new member of the KCC family that is under distinct regulation from KCC1. (+info)

Molecular cloning of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule CDw108. (6/849)

CDw108, also known as the John-Milton-Hagen human blood group Ag, is an 80-kDa glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane glycoprotein that is preferentially expressed on activated lymphocytes and E. The molecular characteristics and biological function of the CDw108 were not clarified previously. In this manuscript, we identify the cDNA clone containing the entire coding sequence of the CDw108 gene and report its molecular characteristics. The 1998-base pairs of the open reading frame of the cloned cDNA encoded a protein of 666 amino acids (aa), including the 46 aa of the signal peptide and the 19 aa of the GPI-anchor motif. Thus, the membrane-anchoring form of CDw108 was the 602 aa, and the estimated molecular mass of the unglycosylated form was 68 kDa. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) cell attachment sequence and the five potential N-linked glycosylation sites were located on the membrane-anchoring form. Flow cytometric and immunoprecipitation analyses of the CDw108 cDNA transfectants confirmed that the cloned cDNA encoded the native form of CDw108. The CDw108 mRNA was expressed in activated PBMCs as well as in the spleen, thymus, testis, placenta, and brain, but was not expressed in any other tissues tested. Radiation hybrid mapping indicated that the CDw108 gene was located in the middle of the long arm of chromosome 15 (15q23-24). This molecular information will be critical for understanding the biological function of the CDw108 Ag. (+info)

An imprinted, mammalian bicistronic transcript encodes two independent proteins. (7/849)

Polycistronic transcripts are common in prokaryotes but rare in eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analysis of the SNRPN (SmN) mRNA in five eutherian mammals reveals a second highly conserved coding sequence, termed SNURF (SNRPN upstream reading frame). The vast majority of nucleotide substitutions in SNURF occur in the wobble codon position, providing strong evolutionary evidence for selection for protein-coding function. Because SNURF-SNRPN maps to human chromosome 15q11-q13 and is paternally expressed, each cistron is a candidate for a role in the imprinted Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and PWS mouse models. SNURF encodes a highly basic 71-aa protein that is nuclear-localized (as is SmN). Because SNURF is the only protein-coding sequence within the imprinting regulatory region in 15q11-q13, it may have provided the original selection for imprinting in this domain. Whereas some human tissues express a minor SNURF-only transcript, mouse tissues express only the bicistronic Snurf-Snrpn transcript. We show that both SNURF and SNRPN are translated in normal, but not PWS, human, and mouse tissues and cell lines. These findings identify SNURF as a protein that is produced along with SmN from a bicistronic transcript; polycistronic mRNAs therefore are encoded in mammalian genomes where they may form functional operons. (+info)

Large genomic duplicons map to sites of instability in the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome chromosome region (15q11-q13). (8/849)

The most common etiology for Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome is de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 15q11-q13. Deletions and other recurrent rearrangements of this region involve four common 'hotspots' for breakage, termed breakpoints 1-4 (BP1-BP4). Construction of an approximately 4 Mb YAC contig of this region identified multiple sequence tagged sites (STSs) present at both BP2 and BP3, suggestive of a genomic duplication event. Interphase FISH studies demonstrated three to five copies on 15q11-q13, one copy on 16p11.1-p11.2 and one copy on 15q24 in normal controls, while analysis on two Class I deletion patients showed loss of approximately three signals at 15q11-q13 on one homolog. Multiple FISH signals were also observed at regions orthologous to both human chromosomes 15 and 16 in non-human primates, including Old World monkeys, suggesting that duplication of this region may have occurred approximately 20 million years ago. A BAC/PAC contig for the duplicated genomic segment (duplicon) demonstrated a size of approximately 400 kb. Surprisingly, the duplicon was found to contain at least seven different expressed sequence tags representing multiple genes/pseudogenes. Sequence comparison of STSs amplified from YAC clones uniquely mapped to BP2 or BP3 showed two different copies of the duplicon within BP3, while BP2 comprised a single copy. The orientation of BP2 and BP3 are inverted relative to each other, whereas the two copies within BP3 are in tandem. The presence of large duplicated segments on chromosome 15q11-q13 provides a mechanism for homologous unequal recombination events that may mediate the frequent rearrangements observed for this chromosome. (+info)

... is located on human chromosome 2, at 2p24.3. It has 1512 base pairs in the reference sequence mRNA transcript. The ... v t e (Genes on human chromosome 2, All stub articles, Human chromosome 2 gene stubs). ... 2001). "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs ... Family with sequence similarity 49, member A, also known as FAM49A, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FAM49A gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM49A

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes and other great apes have 24 pairs of chromosomes. In the human evolutionary lineage, two ... Human and chimpanzee chromosomes are very alike. The primary difference is that humans have one fewer pair of chromosomes than ... Wikiversity has learning resources about Chimpanzee Genome Project Human evolutionary genetics Human chromosome 2 Human Genome ... producing human chromosome 2. There are nine other major chromosomal differences between chimpanzees and humans: chromosome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimpanzee_genome_project

Schäfer BW, Mattei MG (July 1993). "The human paired domain gene PAX7 (Hup1) maps to chromosome 1p35-1p36.2". Genomics. 17 (1 ... Paired box protein Pax-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAX7 gene. Pax-7 plays a role in neural crest ... "PAX7 - Paired box protein Pax-7 - Homo sapiens (Human) - PAX7 gene & protein". Aloisio, Gina M.; Nakada, Yuji; Saatcioglu, ... Pilz AJ, Povey S, Gruss P, Abbott CM (March 1993). "Mapping of the human homologs of the murine paired-box-containing genes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAX7

Chromosome 4 open reading frame 51 (C4orf51) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C4orf51 gene. The C4orf51 gene is ... GXP_921944 spans 1910 base pairs on chromosome 4. There are 15 coding transcripts supporting this promoter, but none are ... "C4orf51 chromosome 4 open reading frame 51 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-06. " ... "C4orf51 chromosome 4 open reading frame 51 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-04-21. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4orf51

In humans, it is encoded by the ALOX15 gene located on chromosome 17p13.3. This 11 kilobase pair gene consists of 14 exons and ... The distribution of Alox15 in sub-human primates and, in particular, rodents differs significantly from that of human ALOX15; ... Both human ALOX15 and ALOX15B genes are located on chromosome 17; their product proteins have an amino acid sequence identity ... Genes on human chromosome 17, Wikipedia articles with corresponding academic peer reviewed articles, Wikipedia articles with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOX15

In humans, the RNF227 gene is found on chromosome 17 p13.1. Its mRNA sequence is 2850 base pairs in length and includes 2 exons ... "Human BLAT Search". genome.ucsc.edu. Retrieved 2020-12-19. (CS1 maint: url-status, All articles with dead external links, ... 35 human fetal samples from 6 tissues (3 - 7 replicates per tissue) collected between 10- and 20-weeks gestational time were ... The coding sequence is from base pairs 95 to 2835. The RNF227 protein is 190 amino acids in length, seen in the table below. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNF227

... is located at 15q21.3-q22.1, spanning 90,707 base pairs on chromosome 15. The full name of FAM63B is family with ... FAM63B is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene FAM63B. This gene is highly expressed in humans. The FAM63B gene is ... FAM63B variant a is the most common isoform found in humans. FAM63B is a member of the Pfam super family, and contains a domain ... The discovered function of FAM63B protein is a transporter of vaccinia virus in the human genome. FAM63B contains a bipartite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM63B

The human SMAD3 gene is located on chromosome 15 on the cytogenic band at 15q22.33. The gene is composed of 9 exons over ... 129,339 base pairs. It is one of several human homologues of a gene that was originally discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 15, Developmental ... Lu S, Lee J, Revelo M, Wang X, Lu S, Dong Z (October 2007). "Smad3 is overexpressed in advanced human prostate cancer and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_against_decapentaplegic_homolog_3

CS1 errors: missing periodical, Genes on human chromosome 1, Human proteins). ... The MORN1 gene is located on Chromosome 1 at locus 1p36.33 and contains 7 MORN repeats. It has 1641 base pairs in 14 exons in ... 2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315-21. Bibcode:2006Natur.441.. ... MORN1 containing repeat 1, also known as Morn1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MORN1 gene. The function of Morn1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morn_repeat_containing_1

Portal: Biology (Genes on human chromosome 15, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from ... "cDNA and gene structure for a human subtilisin-like protease with cleavage specificity for paired basic amino acid residues". ... "Identification of a second human subtilisin-like protease gene in the fes/fps region of chromosome 15". DNA and Cell Biology. ... Furin is a protease, a proteolytic enzyme that in humans and other animals is encoded by the FURIN gene. Some proteins are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furin

Genes TTC23L and LOC105374721 neighbor RAI14 on chromosome 5. RAI14 is expressed within a wide range of human tissues. Some ... It spans 5,068 base pairs from position 34,656,328 to 34,832,612. ... Within the human brain, RAI14 expression is abundant in the area around the brain stem and medulla. The highest expression ... "Allen Brain Atlas: Human Brain". Allen Brain Atlas. "NCBI: Protein Blast". Retrieved March 2, 2018. "ankycorbin isoform a [Homo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankycorbin

... with most paralogs being located on different human chromosomes. It is speculated that this large number of paralogs arose from ... The POTEB gene is 47,547 base pairs in length and is composed of 11 exons. The POTEB gene can be transcribed to create four ... "Selective POTE paralogs on chromosome 2 are expressed in human embryonic stem cells". Stem Cells and Development. 17 (2): 325- ... POTEB is expressed at high levels in the human prostate, ovary, and testes. However, there is also evidence to show that it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POTEB

... between 11 and 16 pairs. Skink genomes are typically about 1.5Gb, approximately 1/2 the size of the human genome. The Christmas ... Kostmann, Alexander; Kratochvíl, Lukáš; Rovatsos, Michail (2021-01-27). "Poorly differentiated XX/XY sex chromosomes are widely ... Despite having sex chromosomes that are not distinguishable with a microscope, all major skink lineages share an old XY system ... have highly conserved karyotypes as revealed by chromosome painting". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 127 (2-4): 224-231. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skink

Genes on human chromosome 1). ... The gene produces a 2958 base pair mRNA. There are 15 predicted ... Leucine rich repeat containing 40 (LRRC40) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRC40 gene. LRRC40 is conserved ... LRRC40 is located on the negative DNA strand (see Sense (molecular biology)) of chromosome 1 from 70,611,483- 70,671,223. ... "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Mouse PubMed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LRRC40

The chromosome has a predicted size of 1,297,390 bp. It is also known that the chromosome itself contain 1,110 genes with ... It genome is sequences and is approximately 1.29 Mb (mega-base-pairs). It is also highly similar to Rickettsia akari which is ... "Human Tick-Borne Diseases in Australia". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 9: 3. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00003. ... "Rickettsia australis Activates Inflammasome in Human and Murine Macrophages". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0157231. Bibcode:2016PLoSO.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_australis

Scherer LJ, McPherson JD, Wasmuth JJ, Marsh JL (June 1992). "Human dopa decarboxylase: localization to human chromosome 7p11 ... a one-base pair deletion at 601 and a four-base pair deletion at 722-725 in exon 1 in relation to bipolar disorder and autism. ... The gene encoding the enzyme is referred to as DDC is located on chromosome 7 in humans. It consists of 15 exons encoding a ... In humans, AADC is also the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of trace amines. Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_L-amino_acid_decarboxylase

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Chromosome 15 open reading frame 15 (C15orf39) gene. C15orf39 is located ... The coding sequence for the C15orf39 mRNA is 4443 base pairs long. The C15orf39 gene produces seven mRNA transcripts, with the ... human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-05-05. "Homo sapiens chromosome 15 open reading frame 39 (C15orf39 ... "C15orf39 - Antibodies - The Human Protein Atlas". www.proteinatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-05-05. "PSORT II Prediction". psort.hgc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C15orf39

The NDUFB4 gene, located on the q arm of chromosome 3 in position 13.33, is 6,130 base pairs long. The NDUFB4 protein weighs 15 ... The human NDUFB4 gene codes for a subunit of Complex I of the respiratory chain, which transfers electrons from NADH to ... NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 4, 15kDa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NDUFB4 gene. The ... "Entrez Gene: NDUFB4 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 4, 15kDa [ Homo sapiens (human) ]". Voet D, Voet JG, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDUFB4

GXP_9794292 is 1040 base pairs in length spanning from base pair 23,758,601 to 23,759,640 on chromosome 22, while GXP_6747563 ... in humans, is encoded by the C22orf15 gene. The locus of C22orf15 in humans is on the long arm (q) of chromosome 22 in region ... C22orf15 in humans is 148 amino acids in length. The molecular weight of human C22orf15 is 17 kdal, and the isoelectric point ... is 1740 base pairs spanning from base pair 23,761,523 to 23,763,262. The transcription start region is located at base pair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C22orf15

All strawberry (Fragaria) species have a base haploid count of seven chromosomes; Fragaria vesca is diploid, having two pairs ... Evidence from archaeological excavations suggests that Fragaria vesca has been consumed by humans since the Stone Age. Woodland ... Mayrose, Itay; Lysak, Martin A (2020). "The Evolution of Chromosome Numbers: Mechanistic Models and Experimental Approaches". ... Renner, Susanne S.; Müller, Niels A. (2021). "Plant sex chromosomes defy evolutionary models of expanding recombination ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragaria_vesca

Chromosome 15 open reading frame 52 is a human protein encoded by the C15orf52 gene, its function is poorly understood. ... The linear mRNA is 5344 base pairs long. The mRNA contains a short 5' untranslated region of 15 base pairs and a long 3' ... Glycine and Arginine were found at higher frequencies than other proteins in humans. The isoelectric point of the protein is ... C15orf52 is a gene located on the reverse strand of chromosome 15 in the species Homo sapiens at locus 15q15.1. The gene is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C15orf52

Genes on human chromosome 15, Uncharacterized proteins). ... This promoter is 601 base pairs long and spans a portion of the ... FAM214A is a gene with unknown function found at the q21.2-q21.3 locus on Chromosome 15 (human). The protein product of this ... A single paralogous gene has been found on chromosome 9 in Homo sapiens and is named FAM214B (family with sequence similarity, ... Although the function of the FAM214A protein is uncharacterized, both DUF4210 and Chromosome_Seg have been predicted to play a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM214A

2007 Human genome and variation mapping The human genome is the genome of Homo sapiens, which is stored on 23 chromosome pairs ... 1953 DNA structure In 1953, based on X-ray diffraction images and the information that the bases were paired, James D. Watson ... In the late 1970s, Robert Weinberg and his team of researchers began the search for a human oncogene. Using gene transfer ... 1998 Embryonic stem cell lines A breakthrough in human embryonic stem cell research came in November 1998 when a group led by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries

In humans, when a Robertsonian translocation joins the long arm of chromosome 21 with the long arm of chromosomes 14 or 15, the ... paired) or non-homologous chromosomes. Owing to the acrocentric nature of the chromosomes involved, the long arms of these ... Outside of humans, Przewalski's horse has 66 chromosomes, while both of domesticated horses and the tarpan have 64 chromosomes ... Humans have 5 autosomal chromosomes with arms that are particularly discordant in length, known as acrocentric chromosomes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertsonian_translocation

In humans, the encoding gene for MSH3 is found on chromosome 5 at location 5q11-q12 upstream of the dihydrofolate reductase ( ... MSH3 is encoded by 222,341 base pairs and creates a protein consisting of 1137 amino acids. MSH3 is typically expressed at low ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 5). ... Identification of the human CHL12/RFCs2-5 complex as a novel PCNA-binding protein". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (43): 40362-7. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MSH3

Genes on human chromosome 15, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States National Library of Medicine, ... is made up of 5 exons and is 17,880 base pairs in length. The COX5A protein weighs 17 kDa and is composed of 150 amino acids. ... Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COX5A gene. Cytochrome c oxidase 5A is a subunit ... Human COX5A genome location and COX5A gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Mass spectrometry characterization of COX5A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COX5A

v t e (Genes on human chromosome 15, All stub articles, Human chromosome 15 gene stubs). ... from base pair 40,470,961 to base pair 40,474,571. The CHST14 gene is 3,611 bases long, composed of 376 amino acids, and has a ... In humans, CHST14 is positioned on the long arm (q) of chromosome 15 at position 15.1, ... Human CHST14 genome location and CHST14 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Hayashi K, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHST14

Human AVPR1A is situated on chromosome 12q14-15, and the promoter region does not have repeat sequences homologous to those ... associates with pair-bonding behavior in humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 12, Wikipedia articles needing ... human AVPR2, rat Avpr2, and human oxytocin receptor (OXTR), respectively. AVPR1A is a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) with 7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasopressin_receptor_1A

The KIR gene cluster has approximately 150 kb and is located in the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) on human chromosome ... KIRs are paired receptors with both activating and inhibitory functions; most KIRs are inhibitory: their recognition of MHC ... Wende H, Colonna M, Ziegler A, Volz A (1999). "Organization of the leukocyte receptor cluster (LRC) on human chromosome 19q13.4 ... Human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors recognize the α1 and α2 domains of class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, -B ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer-cell_immunoglobulin-like_receptor

Humans have one pair fewer chromosomes than the great apes. Human chromosome 2 appears to have resulted from the fusion of two ... The typical human karyotypes contain 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (allosomes). The ... The karyotype of humans includes only 46 chromosomes. The other great apes have 48 chromosomes. Human chromosome 2 is now known ... In primates, the great apes have 24x2 chromosomes whereas humans have 23x2. Human chromosome 2 was formed by a merger of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karyotype

... known interacting protein pairs) and a negative set (non-interacting protein pairs) is needed for the development of a ... The Conserved Neighborhood method is based on the hypothesis that if genes encoding two proteins are neighbors on a chromosome ... Prediction databases include many PPIs that are predicted using several techniques (main article). Examples: Human Protein- ... and humans.[44] In such studies, numerous mutations defective in the same gene were often isolated and mapped in a linear order ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–protein_interaction

UniProt employs an "organism mnemonic" of not more than five alphanumeric characters, e.g., HUMAN for H. sapiens.[115] ... Reproductive isolation is threatened by hybridisation, but this can be selected against once a pair of populations have ... sets of chromosomes) and allozymes (enzyme variants).[46] ... using regions of about 10,000 base pairs. With enough data from ... Conserving Biodiversity in Human-Dominated Landscapes. Washington: Island Press. pp. 150-163. Archived from the original on 7 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Species

Other designs may include a line along the bridge of the nose, or a single pair of small symmetical dots on the cheeks. ... Jared Diamond, 'Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies' (1997) Chapter 19 ... "Y-Chromosome Variation Among Sudanese: Restricted Gene Flow, Concordance With Language, Geography, and History" Archived 2016- ... 15, 2004, pp. 55-84. online, on the language of the people ... 12-15.. *^ "Ethnologue.com entry for Hausa". Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausa_people

Therman, Eeva (১৯৮০)। Human Chromosomes: Structure, Behavior, Effects। Springer US। পৃষ্ঠা 112-24। আইএসবিএন 978-1-4684-0109-7। ... Machin, GA (জানুয়ারি ১৯৯৬)। "Some causes of genotypic and phenotypic discordance in monozygotic twin pairs"। American Journal ... "Human Anatomy"। Inner Body। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ৬ জানুয়ারি ২০১৩।. *↑ Parker-Pope, Tara (অক্টোবর ২৭, ২০০৯)। "The Human Body Is Built ... "The Science Behind the Human Genome Project"। Human Genome Project। US Department of Energy। ২ জানুয়ারি ২০১৩ তারিখে মূল থেকে ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/মানব

Empathy allows humans to experience love and to build bonds. The moral that humans gain from empathy allow them to repair and ... Throughout much of the life course, it serves mate choice, courtship, sex, and pair-bonding functions. It is a suite of ... Evolution of human music through sexual selection by G. F. Miller in N. L. Wallin, B. Merker, & S. Brown (Eds.), The origins of ... The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature Archived 15 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine by Geoffrey ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_basis_of_love

"Human Molecular Genetics. 10 (16): 1665-71. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.16.1665. PMID 11487570.. ... One sensitive method is ELISA which is an immunosorbent assay which utilizes a pair of antibodies that recognize amyloid beta.[ ... The gene for the amyloid precursor protein is located on chromosome 21, and accordingly people with Down syndrome have a very ... To date, human testing has been avoided due to concern that it might interfere with signaling via Notch proteins and other cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_amyloid

"List Of All Transcription Factors In Human". biostars.org.. *^ Gill G (2001). "Regulation of the initiation of eukaryotic ... Transcription factors (like all proteins) are transcribed from a gene on a chromosome into RNA, and then the RNA is translated ... Pairs of transcription factors and other proteins can play antagonistic roles (activator versus repressor) in the regulation of ... There are up to 1600 TFs in the human genome.[3] Transcription factors are members of the proteome as well as regulome. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_factors

Anatomy of the Human Body. Chap. IX: Neurology. 22th Edition (en anglès). Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1918 [Consulta: 3 ... Ambros IM, Zellner A, Roald B, Amann G, et al «Role of ploidy, chromosome 1p, and Schwann cells in the maturation of ... Trochet, D; Bourdeaut, F; Janoueix-Lerosey, I; Deville, A; et al «Germline Mutations of the Paired-Like Homeobox 2B (PHOX2B) ... Moore, Keith L. The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology. Chapter 18: The Nervous System (en anglès). Ed. W.B. ...

https://ca.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innervació

Males ordinarily have a ZZ pair of sex-determining chromosomes, and females a ZW pair. However, the Colombian Rainbow boa ( ... Interactions with humans. Most common symptoms of any kind of snake bite envenomation.[109][110] Furthermore, there is vast ... Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca. Lizards have evolved elongate ... In some snakes, most notably boas and pythons, there are vestiges of the hindlimbs in the form of a pair of pelvic spurs. These ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snakes

"American Journal of Human Genetics. 74 (5): 1043-50. doi:10.1086/386293. PMC 1181967. PMID 15042511.. ... Heterozygous mutations in PAX9 (paired box gene 9) could arrest tooth morphogenesis as it plays a role of transcription the ... "A locus for autosomal recessive hypodontia with associated dental anomalies maps to chromosome 16q12.1". American Journal of ... "Journal of Human Genetics. 51 (3): 262-6. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0353-6. PMID 16432638.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodontia

Zhang Z, Gerstein M (2004). "Large-scale analysis of pseudogenes in the human genome". Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 14 (4): 328-35. ... Radding C (1982). "Homologous pairing and strand exchange in genetic recombination". Annu. Rev. Genet. 16 (1): 405-37. doi: ... "Genome fragment of Wolbachia endosymbiont transferred to X chromosome of host insect". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (22): ... Is the human race evolving or devolving? Scientific American July 20, 1998. ...

https://ml.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ജീവപരിണാമം

A 2007 study flow sorted camel chromosomes, building on the fact that camels have 37 pairs of chromosomes (2n=74), and found ... 2007). "Cross-species chromosome painting among camel, cattle, pig and human: further insights into the putative ... When humans first domesticated camels is disputed. Dromedaries may have first been domesticated by humans in Somalia or South ... The Y is a small metacentric chromosome, while the X is a large metacentric chromosome.[52] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_meat

An additional pair was released to increase genetic diversity in 2016.[62][63] As part of a scientific study, a pair of ... The difference in chromosome count makes interspecific breeding unlikely in areas where the two species' ranges overlap.[3] ... The Eurasian beaver is recovering from near extinction, after depredation by humans for its fur and for castoreum, a secretion ... On 19 November 2011, a pair of beaver sisters was released into a 2.5-acre (1 ha) enclosure at Blaeneinion,[97] A colony of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_beaver

Number of chromosomes. 24 pairs. Year of completion. 2011. Orangutans have 48 chromosomes.[23] The Sumatran orangutan genome ... This remains the only known case, but raises the question of why the known human cure for Streptococcus was ineffective in this ... They are extremely large animals, weighing between 50 and 90 kilograms, roughly the weight of a fully grown human. They have a ... The orangutan genome also has fewer rearrangements than the chimpanzee/human lineage.[24] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan

... s that reflect the full range of visible light are generally perceived as white by a human observer. An important feature ... they are often paired with an external vector.[94] ... two copies of each chromosome) cell.[78] ... Humans observers will perceive this as degrees of saturation (the amount of white in the color). ... History shows that flowers have been used by humans for thousands of years, to serve a variety of purposes. An early example of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower

The haploid genome is about three billion base pairs long (3,000 Mb distributed over 19 autosomal chromosomes plus 1 ... Mice differ from humans in several immune properties: mice are more resistant to some toxins than humans; have a lower total ... respectively 2 sex chromosomes), therefore equal to the size of the human genome.[citation needed] Estimating the number of ... The current count of primary coding genes in the laboratory mouse is 23,139.[12] compared to an estimated 20,774 in humans.[12] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_mouse

When the chromosome is replicated, this gives rise to one daughter chromosome that is heavily methylated downstream of the ... In MMEJ repair of a double-strand break, an homology of 5-25 complementary base pairs between both paired strands is sufficient ... In human cells, and eukaryotic cells in general, DNA is found in two cellular locations - inside the nucleus and inside the ... In human cells, oxidative DNA damage occurs about 10,000 times a day and DNA double-strand breaks occur about 10 to 50 times a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_repair

Stewart, Dugald (1792). Elements of the philosophy of the human mind (1 ed.). p. 80. Retrieved 14 April 2022.. ... These conditions are mediated by the OPN1SW gene on Chromosome 7. Other genetic causes[edit]. Several inherited diseases are ... Confusion colors are pairs or groups of colors that will often be mistaken by the colorblind. Confusion colors for red-green ... "Human Vision and Color Perception". Florida State University. Archived from the original on 27 August 2007. Retrieved 5 April ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_blindness

For example, in the Homininae, two chromosomes fused to produce human chromosome 2; this fusion did not occur in the lineage of ... HIV resistance: a specific 32 base pair deletion in human CCR5 (CCR5-Δ32) confers HIV resistance to homozygotes and delays AIDS ... In humans, the mutation rate is about 50-90 de novo mutations per genome per generation, that is, each human accumulates about ... Ségurel L, Bon C (August 2017). "On the Evolution of Lactase Persistence in Humans". Annual Review of Genomics and Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_mutation

Svendsen G. E. (1989). "Pair formation, duration of pair-bonds, and mate replacement in a population of beavers (Castor ... Relationship with humans[edit]. As introduced non-native species[edit]. See also: Beaver eradication in Tierra del Fuego ... North American beavers have 40 chromosomes, while European beavers have 48. Also, more than 27 attempts were made in Russia to ... Although the fur enterprise failed, 25 mating pairs of beavers were released into the wild. Having no natural predators in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_Beaver

... are found on chromosomes 22 and 2 in humans. One of these domains is called the variable domain, which is present in each heavy ... whose flexibility allows antibodies to bind to pairs of epitopes at various distances, to form complexes (dimers, trimers, etc ... In humans and most mammals, an antibody unit consists of four polypeptide chains; two identical heavy chains and two identical ... Rhoades RA, Pflanzer RG (2002). Human Physiology (5th ed.). Thomson Learning. p. 584. ISBN 978-0-534-42174-8. .. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

... of a chromosome pair). So, finding a few alleles of a haplotype sequence identifies all other sites in its region. Such ... "A haplotype map of the human genome" (PDF). Nature. 437 (7063): 1299-1320. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1299T. doi:10.1038/ ... linked genes on a chromosome. A cluster is usually inherited together.[1] Put simply, haplotype is a closely-knit group of ... This page was last changed on 23 February 2022, at 15:20. ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplotype

V. faba has a diploid (2n) chromosome number of 12 (six homologous pairs). Five pairs are acrocentric chromosomes and one pair ... In much of the English-speaking world, the name "broad bean" is used for the large-seeded cultivars grown for human food, while ... It is widely cultivated as a crop for human consumption, and also as a cover crop. Varieties with smaller, harder seeds that ... Beans generally contain phytohaemagglutinin, a lectin that occurs naturally in plants, animals, and humans.[18] Most of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_faba

"The Y Chromosome Pool of Jews as Part of the Genetic Landscape of the Middle East". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 69 ... that overlies Druze and Cypriot samples but not samples from other Levantine populations or paired diaspora host populations. ... "Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints. 85 (6).. *^ Eva Fernández; Alejandro Pérez-Pérez; Cristina Gamba; Eva Prats; Pedro Cuesta ... "The American Journal of Human Genetics. 83 (6): 725-736. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007. PMC 2668061. PMID 19061982.. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_diaspora

"The terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene is located on human chromosome 10 (10q23----q24) and on mouse chromosome 19". ... This occurs optimally with a one base-pair break between strands and less so with an increasing gap. This is facilitated by a ... "Chromosome localization of the gene for human terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase to region 10q23-q25". Proceedings of the ... In humans, terminal transferase is encoded by the DNTT gene.[5][6] As a member of the X family of DNA polymerase enzymes, it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_deoxynucleotidyl_transferase

The International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (ISCN) is an international standard for human chromosome ... It shows 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs as well as both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the two sex ... symbols and abbreviated terms used in the description of human chromosome and chromosome abnormalities. Abbreviations include a ... Human karyotype with annotated bands and sub-bands as used for the nomenclature of chromosome abnormalities. It shows dark and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_deletion

... hae 64 chromosomes.[35] The horse genome wis sequenced in 2007. It conteens 2.7 billion DNA base pairs,[36] that is ... Horse are nae ruminants, thay hae anerly oane painch, lik humans, but unlik humans, thay can utilize cellulose, a major ... Horse spend fower tae fifteen oors a day in staundin rest, an frae a few meenits tae several oors leein doun. Tot sleep time in ... The exterior huif waw an horn o the sole is made o keratin, the same material as a human fingernail.[60] The end result is that ...

https://sco.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse

The pair of derivative inverted conditional opinions is denoted (. ω. A. ,. ~. B. S. ,. ω. A. ,. ~. ¬. B. S. ). {\displaystyle ... Allen, Richard (1999). David Hartley on Human Nature. SUNY Press. pp. 243-4. ISBN 978-0-7914-9451-6. . Retrieved 16 June 2013. ... located on the q arm of chromosome 7.[30] ... denotes a pair of binomial conditional opinions given by source ... 15] and contains Bayes' theorem. Price wrote an introduction to the paper which provides some of the philosophical basis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayes_theorem

In humans, the gene that codes for this enzyme is located on the long arm of chromosome 3 (3q13). This bifunctional enzyme has ... In Salmonella typhimurium, a new pair of antiparallel β-sheets is created and five new interatomic contacts are formed in the ... Portal: Biology (Genes on human chromosome 3, EC 4.1.1, EC 2.4.2). ... "Localization of the gene for uridine monophosphate synthase to human chromosome region 3q13 by in situ hybridization". Genomics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate_synthase

Biologists have found that sex chromosomes in plants originated from pairs of autosomes. As these chromosomes diverge from ... The system for determining sex in Silene latifolia is close to that found in humans because in both cases the Y chromosome ... In the case of Silene, the pair of automsomal chromosomes are transformed into heteromorphic sex-determining chromosomes ... pair during female meiosis. Contrastingly, recombination is suppressed across most of the Y chromosomes during pairing in male ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_determination_in_Silene

... this region adds to a complex picture of different low copy repeats present across this region and elsewhere on the chromosome. ... Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 / genetics* * Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 / genetics * Gene Dosage ... Background: Chromosomal abnormalities affecting human chromosome 15q11-q13 underlie multiple genomic disorders caused by ... Partial duplication of the APBA2 gene in chromosome 15q13 corresponds to duplicon structures BMC Genomics. 2003 Apr 29;4(1):15. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12720574/?dopt=Abstract

For these reasons, it wasn’t until 1956 that the correct number of 46 human chromosomes (23 pairs) was clearly ... when researchers began to study chromosomes, the analysis of human chromosomes has presented a particularly tough technological ... the strands of human genetic material tend to bunch together maddeningly, overlapping and intertwining like so much spaghetti. ... For these reasons, it wasnt until 1956 that the correct number of 46 human chromosomes (23 pairs) was clearly demonstrated.. ...

https://www.the-scientist.com/technology/chromosome-analysis-goes-high-tech-61774

... base pairs) and represents more than 3 percent of the total DNA in cells. Learn about health implications of genetic changes. ... Chromosome 15 spans more than 102 million DNA building blocks ( ... Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into ... Ensembl Human Map View. *Gilbert F. Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 15. Genet Test ... A ring chromosome occurs when a chromosome breaks in two places and the ends of the chromosome arms fuse together to form a ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/chromosome/15/

... human) Chromosome 15 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome ... Gilbert F (1999). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 15". Genet Test 3 (3): 309-22. ... This small extra chromosome is made up of genetic material from chromosome 15 that has been abnormally duplicated (copied) and ... In some cases, the extra chromosome is very small and has no effect on a persons health. A larger isodicentric chromosome 15 ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Chromosome_15_%28human%29.html

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 15% * Ribosomal Proteins 14% * Genetic Translocation 14% * Terminator Codon 13% ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/rearrangement-of-the-aml1cbfa2-gene-in-myeloid-leukemia-with-the-/fingerprints/

About 20 distinct DNA fragments were obtained, most of which matched human chromosome sequences (see page 1971, left column). ... when the nasopharyngeal clinical sample of the 7 month old child was inoculated onto a variety of cells including human ... According to Article 15(3) RPBA, the board is not obliged to delay any step in the proceedings, including its decision, by ... 15. It remains to be assessed whether the nucleic acid molecule disclosed in document D10 falls under the definition of a ...

https://www.epo.org/law-practice/case-law-appeals/recent/t132437eu1.html

Human, Pair 4" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4" was a major or minor topic of these ... A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. ... "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.musc.edu/display/89612/

Human, Pair 19" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19" was a major or minor topic of ... A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. ... "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.ouhsc.edu/display/5957

Human, Pair 7" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7" was a major or minor topic of these ... A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification. ... "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7" by people in Profiles. ...

https://profiles.jefferson.edu/display/8550

B) Probing the presence of 89K PAI in human S. suis isolates. The pair of specific primers 1 plus 6 is applied to determine ... A) Scheme for the 89K PAI and the relevant virulence factors on the bacterial chromosome of 05ZYH33, a representative isolate ... Black arrows indicate the 3 pairs of specific primers (refers to 1, 2, 3…6) used for the 89K assay. Five other genes outside of ... Except that Stre15001, a human S. suis serotype 2 isolate from the meningitis patient in 2015, contain the 89K PAI, all other 9 ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/6/15-2010-f1

Your students can see from my DNA file that rs17703883 is the 49,317,389th base pair on human chromosome 15. At this position, ... base pairs. In the case of chromosome pairs, one comes from your father and the other from your mother. The pairs of DNA bases ... Human telomeres also need to be much longer, especially on chromosome 17 where many of the most important DNA repair genes are ... One thing that can be confusing to those just learning about DNA is that we have both chromosome pairs and ...

https://davidbrin.blogspot.com/2015/03/paths-to-uplift.html

... of human oocytes contain at least one exchangeless chromosome pair, demonstrating a remarkably high level of meiotic ... The findings suggest that right from the get-go of human egg cell development, a striking proportion of oocytes are predestined ... recombination failure, finds a study appearing December 10 in the American Journal of Human Genetics. ... More than 7% of human oocytes contain at least one exchangeless chromosome pair, demonstrating a remarkably high level of ...

https://www.brightsurf.com/news/article/121020527058/human-egg-cells-are-imperfect-surprisingly-often.html

viral properties, tissue-tropism and organ-specific pathogenesis, involvement of physiological systems, and the human immune ... and the human immune response against the infection. The vastly accumulated scientific knowledge on all aspects of COVID-19 has ... human tissue organoids, and animal models, targeted to various aspects of the disease, viz., viral properties, tissue tropism ... we narrate the progress made since the commencement of the pandemic regarding the knowledge on COVID-19 mechanisms in the human ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.693938/full

Chromosome pairing does not contribute to nuclear architecture in vegetative yeast cells. Lorenz, A., Fuchs, J., Loidl, J. & ... What do we know about the biology of the emerging fungal pathogen of humans Candida auris? Bravo Ruiz, G. & Lorenz, A., Jan ... Roles of Hop1 and Mek1 in meiotic chromosome pairing and recombination partner choice in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Latypov, V. ... Brown, S. D., Audoynaud, C. & Lorenz, A., Jun 2020, In: Chromosome Research. 28, p. 195-207 13 p.. Research output: ...

https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/alexander-lorenz/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

Researchers have identified a common genetic variant associated with chromosome gains and losses, which are a major cause of ... Realizing the benefits of human genetics and genomics research for people everywhere. ... Healthy human body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. However, errors during the cell replication ... About the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG). Founded in 1948, the American Society of Human Genetics is the primary ...

https://www.ashg.org/publications-news/press-releases/201510-aneuploidy-fertility/

Chromosomes Medicine & Life Sciences 53% * Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 Medicine & Life Sciences 22% ... Novel locus for autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG19) maps to chromosome 9q33-q34. Annals of Neurology ... Novel locus for autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG19) maps to chromosome 9q33-q34. In: Annals of ... Novel locus for autosomal dominant pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG19) maps to chromosome 9q33-q34. / Valente, Enza ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/novel-locus-for-autosomal-dominant-pure-hereditary-spastic-parapl

... that employs fusion between human and rodent cells to create stable hybrids that contain only a subset of the human chromosomes ... In addition to the SDHC exon 6,11 the following PCR primer pairs located near SDHC exon 6 amplified a product at the expected ... from the hybrids containing the normal chromosome 1 but did not amplify from the hybrids containing the disease chromosome 1: ( ... The SDHC gene is localised at the long arm of chromosome 1 at band q23.3 at the UCSC genome database, which is far more distal ...

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/41/9/703

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 Medicine & Life Sciences 11% View full fingerprint Cite this. * APA ... In: American journal of human genetics, Vol. 70, No. 1, 2002, p. 11-19.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › ... This high-bone-mass trait (HBM) was originally localized by linkage analysis to chromosome 11q12-13. We refined the interval by ... This high-bone-mass trait (HBM) was originally localized by linkage analysis to chromosome 11q12-13. We refined the interval by ...

https://creighton.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-mutation-in-the-ldl-receptor-related-protein-5-gene-results-in-

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 15% * Chromosome Mapping 13% * Glycoproteins 9% * Central Nervous System 8% ... and distinctive facies to chromosome 15q26. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

https://research.uaeu.ac.ae/en/publications/localisation-of-a-gene-for-an-autosomal-recessive-syndrome-of-mac/fingerprints/

Recognition of human gastrointestinal cancer neoantigens by circulating PD-1+ lymphocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 2019, 129, 4992- ... BRCA2 is located on chromosome 13q12-13 and is 3418 amino acids long. BRCA2 is characterized by a very large exon 11 containing ... a 1 base pair insertion, a premature stop codon, an 11 bp deletion, a missense mutation, and a putative regulatory mutation [1 ... following one or two lines of platinum-based chemotherapy was closed due to a lack of initial response in the first fifteen ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/10/2453

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 82% * Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 77% * Myeloid Leukemia 74% ... Kizaki, M., Nakajima, H. & Ikeda, Y., 1992 6月, In: Human cell : official journal of Human Cell Research Society. 5, 2, p. 103- ... Immune dysregulation of pemphigus in humans and mice. Yokoyama, T. & Amagai, M., 2010 3月, In: Journal of Dermatology. 37, 3, p ... Inflammatory myopathies and human leukocyte antigen. Ohnuki, Y., Suzuki, S. & Shiina, T., 2017 11月, In: Clinical and ...

https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/ja/organisations/1500-school-of-medicine/publications/?ordering=type&descending=true&page=17

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 54% * Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 50% * Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha 29% ... Troxell, M. L. & Drachenberg, C., Aug 1 2016, In: Human Pathology. 54, p. 127-133 7 p.. Research output: Contribution to ... Roberts, S. S., Leeborg, N., Loriaux, M., Johnson, F. L., Huang, M. L., Stenzel, P., Thiede, C. & Godder, K. T., Oct 15 2006, ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/organisations/pathology/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&ordering=type&descending=false

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 7% * Formaldehyde 7% * Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 7% ...

https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/organisations/molecular-genetics/fingerprints/

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 100% * adverse events 99% * transdisciplinary 79% * Tobacco Use 77% ... Human L1 transposition dynamics unraveled with functional data analysis. Chen, D., Cremona, M. A., Qi, Z., Mitra, R. D., ... Human iPSC-Derived Neurons and Cerebral Organoids Establish Differential Effects of Germline NF1 Gene Mutations. Anastasaki, C. ... SARS-CoV-2 infection of human ACE2-transgenic mice causes severe lung inflammation and impaired function. Winkler, E. S., ...

https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/organisations/department-of-genetics/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false&page=36

... the sequence of said primers being derived from human chromosome 17q, wherein the use of said primers in a polymerase chain ... Claim 17: The pair of primers of claim 16 wherein said BRCA1 gene has the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1. ... The company is given fifteen days to comply, or provide a reason why it cannot comply within this time, and required to provide ... These tests encompass over 200 human genes, including the human BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 as well as the MUTYH genes that are the ...

https://www.patentdocs.org/2013/11/index.html

"Pairs of human chromosomes. Highlighted in green is alu, a junk DNA sequence that distinguishes primates from other mammals." ... We addressed the presence and role of human gene-body DNA methylation using a meta-analysis of human genome-wide methylation, ... "In humans, it is estimated that keratinocytes turnover from stem cells to desquamation (skin peeling) every 40-56 days[7] ... Further, the 2012 publication On the presence and role of human gene-body DNA methylation (Jjingo D, Conley AB, Yi SV, Lunyak ...

http://www.anti-agingfirewalls.com/2012/06/15/insights-into-the-epigenetics-and-rejuvenation-of-adult-stem-cells-improving-prospects-for-extraordinary-longevity/

keywords = "Aged, Amino Acids, Biomarkers, Cholesterol, HDL, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Coronary Disease, DNA, Intergenic, ... AIMS: An intergenic locus on chromosome 1 (lead SNP rs10911021) was previously associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in ... N2 - AIMS: An intergenic locus on chromosome 1 (lead SNP rs10911021) was previously associated with coronary heart disease (CHD ... AB - AIMS: An intergenic locus on chromosome 1 (lead SNP rs10911021) was previously associated with coronary heart disease (CHD ...

https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/variant-rs10911021-that-associates-with-coronary-heart-disease-in

Paired-end mappability of transposable elements in the human genome Summer code camp 2019 was completed with success. The first ... We had 15 middle school girls from Las Vegas sign up, and 13 completed the ... ...

https://hanlabunlv.github.io/publication/han2012characterizing/

... we detect a very distinct expression pattern of the KIAA0319 gene in the developing cerebral neocortex of mouse and human ... We have recently identified a risk haplotype associated with dyslexia on chromosome 6p22.2 which spans the TTRAP gene and ... the risk haplotype on chromosome 6p22.2 down-regulates the KIAA0319 gene which is required for neuronal migration during the ... Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Movement, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6, Dyslexia, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, ...

https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/24438

Humans normally have 46 chromosomes in each cell, divided into 23 pairs. Two copies of chromosome 15, one copy inherited from ... Chromosome 15 spans about 100 million base pairs (the building blocks of DNA) and represents more than 3 percent of the total ... Chromosome 15 likely contains between 650 and 1,000 genes.. Genes on chromosome 15 are among the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 ... Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes ...

https://www.azolifesciences.com/?tag=/Chromosome-15

Identifying genes on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. (medlineplus.gov)
Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. (medlineplus.gov)
Chromosome 15 likely contains 600 to 700 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
However, some genes on this chromosome, including some of those in the 15q11.2-q13.1 region, are turned on (active) only on the maternal copy. (medlineplus.gov)
Chromosome 15 likely contains between 700 and 900 genes. (bionity.com)
About 10% of Angelman syndrome cases are caused by a mutation in the UBE3A gene, and another 3% result from a defect in the DNA region that controls the activation of the UBE3A gene and other genes on the maternal copy of chromosome 15. (bionity.com)
Prader-Willi syndrome is caused by the loss of active genes in a specific part of chromosome 15, the 15q11-q13 region. (bionity.com)
Researchers are working to identify genes on chromosome 15 that are responsible for the characteristic features of Prader-Willi syndrome. (bionity.com)
The genes in this region are normally active on the paternal copy of the chromosome and are inactive on the maternal copy. (bionity.com)
Therefore, a person with a deletion in the paternal chromosome 15 will have no active genes in this region. (bionity.com)
Analysis of positional candidate genes in the AAA1 susceptibility locus for abdominal aortic aneurysms on chromosome 19. (ouhsc.edu)
Most of the genetic differences between humans and chimps are actually found in DNA that codes for regulation rather than actual proteins… when genes get turned off and on. (blogspot.com)
Indeed, it now seems so simple to insert human-style neo-cortex genes into chimpanzees that the very idea that someone, somewhere won't do it is simply laughable. (blogspot.com)
Oh certainly there will be some eager beavers who will splice human hare5 genes into chimps - get ready for that fire storm! (blogspot.com)
Chromosome 15 likely contains between 650 and 1,000 genes. (azolifesciences.com)
Genes on chromosome 15 are among the estimated 20,000 to 25,000 total genes in the human genome. (azolifesciences.com)
Increased copy number and expression of the genes on mouse chromosome 1 may play a functional role in lung cancer development and may aid in the identification of mouse and human lung cancer susceptibility genes. (cdc.gov)
Genes contain the instructions for making a human being. (wanderluce.com)
A person has 2 copies of all their genes, which means chromosomes come in pairs. (wanderluce.com)
Two genes feline sarcoma oncogene (FES) and paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme gene (FURIN) were mapped in the genome of the pig. (usda.gov)
These genes were expected to map to a segment of pig chromosome 7 containing several QTL associated with body composition. (usda.gov)
Both genes mapped to the pig chromosome 7 within the confidence interval of the body composition QTL. (usda.gov)
Localizing these genes in the pig genome improves the human-pig comparative map thus facilitating identification of positional candidate genes to study which affect fat deposition. (usda.gov)
In the human genome, FURIN and FES are located adjacent to one another on the distal q arm of human chromosome 15 (HSA15) in the cytogenetic band q26.1 Genes located in this region are conserved on the proximal q arm of SSC7. (usda.gov)
In addition, FES and FURIN map within the confidence intervals of several putative QTL for pig fatness traits, and mapping of FES and FURIN to this region improves the human-pig comparative map for HSA15 and SSC7 thus facilitating identification of positional candidate genes. (usda.gov)
A small subset of the long sequence creates the 20 000 or so human genes, most of which code for the proteins that determine a person's biochemical makeup and physical characteristics. (ieee.org)
But beyond that I was lost -- I didn t even know how genes related to chromosomes. (stevemorse.org)
So I decided to teach myself about genes, chromosomes, and DNA. (stevemorse.org)
Everything we need to know about genetealogy involves three basic concepts genes, chromosomes, and DNA. (stevemorse.org)
Genes are located on CHROMOSOMES. (stevemorse.org)
Each trait is determined by a pair of discrete entities (genes). (stevemorse.org)
The color is determined by a pair of genes, each of which specifies either purple or white, where purple is dominant. (stevemorse.org)
Modern research has discovered the location of certain genes for very specific functions, for example the ABO blood group antigenes have been found on number 9 chromosome. (creation.com)
Chromosomes, DNA and Genes: Tiny Things That Have a Huge Effect on Who We Are! (windows2universe.org)
There are many genes within each chromosome. (windows2universe.org)
Since the two genes are on different chromosomes, they can't be linked together . (thehonestfacts.com)
Both characteristics come from recessive genes, which like to come in pairs. (thehonestfacts.com)
The interaction of genes with each other and with environmental factors underlies many aspects of human health and disease. (who.int)
These conditions are described as genetic diseases because a defect in one or more genes or chromosomes leads to a pathological condition. (who.int)
Inside our prior studies we discovered serious deregulation of microRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma with miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p getting together with the set of up-regulated genes [14,15]. (euromed2016.com)
We developed efficient procedures for targeted, heritable disruption of genes and cis-acting regulatory elements in the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and applied them to C. briggsae , a species diverged by 15 to 30 million years. (bioseek.eu)
Each chromosome in a given homologous pair represents the same genes, but with different expressions (called alleles ) of those genes. (maplesoft.com)
2) Genes implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders are active in human fetal brain, yet difficult to study in a longitudinal fashion. (jcbose.ac.in)

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken a heavy toll on human lives globally (~4.8 million until October 8, 2021, per WHO data). (frontiersin.org)
October 15, 2021. (thehonestfacts.com)

Using data collected by collaborators at Natera, Inc., Dr. McCoy and colleagues at Stanford University analyzed more than 46,000 embryos from about 2,400 IVF patients, and found that rs2305957, a common variant on chromosome 4 in the mother's genome, was strongly associated with risk of aneuploidy. (ashg.org)
In the human genome, FURIN and FES are located adjacent to one another on human chromosome 15q26. (usda.gov)
The human genome contains about 3 billion such base pairs, arranged into 23 pairs of chromosomes. (ieee.org)
In certain sections of the human genome, the noncoding DNA contains repeated patterns of two to five nucleotides, the number of repeats in each sequence varying by person. (ieee.org)
By the end of the decade-long global effort known as the Human Genome Project, the genetic blueprint of life was finally sketched out. (discovermagazine.com)
The authors identified four main areas of technology development needed to fully realize that potential: genome design, DNA synthesis, genome editing and creating synthetic chromosomes that can be introduced into cells. (discovermagazine.com)
In 2012, the United States and the United Kingdom marked 15 years of public health genomics, a multidisciplinary field that deals with the effective and responsible translation of genome-based science to improve population health. (cdc.gov)
Deploying the Whole Genome Sequence In Medicine and Public Health, One Base Pair At A Time. (cdc.gov)
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was begun in 1990 and declared complete in 2003. (coursera.org)
During this talk, I will tell two such stories: 1) Structural variations in the human genome originate from different mechanisms related to DNA repair, replication, and retro-transposition. (jcbose.ac.in)
Analyses were performed to understand how chromatin organization and/or epigenome affects origin of structural variations in human genome. (jcbose.ac.in)
This study also indicated a potential beneficial role of repetitive elements in the human genome. (jcbose.ac.in)
TEs play a particularly vital role in genome evolution 9 and recurringly generate adaptive phenotypes 10,11,12,13 primarily through (retro-)transposition 14 , and secondarily through ectopic recombination and aberrant transposition 15 . (wurmlab.com)

More than 7% of human oocytes contain at least one exchangeless chromosome pair, demonstrating a remarkably high level of meiotic recombination failure, finds a study appearing December 10 in the American Journal of Human Genetics . (brightsurf.com)
American Journal of Human Genetics , Hassold et al. (brightsurf.com)
The American Journal of Human Genetics (@AJHGNews), published by Cell Press for the American Society of Human Genetics, is a monthly journal that provides a record of research and review relating to heredity in humans and to the application of genetic principles in medicine and public policy, as well as in related areas of molecular and cell biology. (brightsurf.com)
Realizing the benefits of human genetics and genomics research for people everywhere. (ashg.org)
The findings were presented at the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) 2015 Annual Meeting in Baltimore. (ashg.org)
Presented at American Society of Human Genetics 2015 Annual Meeting. (ashg.org)
Founded in 1948, the American Society of Human Genetics is the primary professional membership organization for human genetics specialists worldwide. (ashg.org)
American journal of human genetics , 70 (1), 11-19. (elsevier.com)
The genetics of red hair appear to be associated with the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), which is found on chromosome 16. (thehonestfacts.com)
Despite the term Genetics started being employed a few centuries ago, its practice is ancient and responsible for thriving of the human society to the point we see now. (bvsalud.org)
Present address: Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK. (bioseek.eu)

Chromosomal abnormalities affecting human chromosome 15q11-q13 underlie multiple genomic disorders caused by deletion, duplication and triplication of intervals in this region. (nih.gov)
Duplication of a region of the long (q) arm of chromosome 15 can result in 15q11-q13 duplication syndrome (dup15q syndrome), a condition whose features can include weak muscle tone (hypotonia), intellectual disability, recurrent seizures (epilepsy), characteristics of autism spectrum disorder affecting communication and social interaction, and other behavioral problems. (medlineplus.gov)
Angelman syndrome results from a loss of gene activity in a specific part of chromosome 15, the 15q11-q13 region. (bionity.com)
In about 70% of cases, Prader-Willi syndrome occurs when the 15q11-q13 region of the paternal chromosome 15 is deleted. (bionity.com)

Spectral karyotyping, mapping with fluorescently labeled genomic clones, comparative genomic hybridization arrays, expression arrays, Western blot and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to analyze nine pairs of high invasive and low invasive tumor cell strains derived from early passage lung adenocarcinoma cell strains. (cdc.gov)
Mapping with fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array further narrowed the minimum region of duplication of chromosome 1 to 71 to 82 centimorgans (cM) as well as three deleted regions from 67-69 cM, 84-84 cM and 100-110 cM. (cdc.gov)
As powerful tools to detect molecular changes associated with primary and invasive mouse lung adenocarcinoma cells, we used Spectral Karyotyping, mapping with fluorescently labeled genomic clones and comparative genomic hybridization on a BAC array to analyze 15 primary adenocarcinoma and 9 pairs of high and low invasive tumor cell cultures. (cdc.gov)
Thus, investigation of transcriptomic analysis using massively parallel sequencing strategies provides an opportunity to capture all fusion transcripts - irrespective of their genomic or transcriptomic origins 14 , 15 . (nature.com)
We used Spectral Karyoryping (SKY), mapping with fluorescently labeled genomic clones (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), expression array, real time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot to analyze 15 primary adenocarcinoma and 9 pairs of high and low invasive cell cultures to detect molecular changes. (cdc.gov)
Genomic comparison of paired primary breast carcinomas and lymph node macrometastases using the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score ® test. (cdc.gov)
As a major form of genomic instability, chromosomal instability comprises aberrant chromosome numbers (i.e., aneuploidy or polyploidy) and structural changes in chromosomes. (frontiersin.org)

Healthy human body cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. (ashg.org)
Most human cells have two pairs of 23 chromosomes, one pair from your mother and the other from your father, for a total of 46 chromosomes. (giantmicrobes.com)

The ends of chromosomes are marked with DNA sequences called telomeres. (giantmicrobes.com)

It results when there is a problem with a portion of chromosome 15. (wanderluce.com)
The medial portion of chromosome 4 was deleted in 67% of all of the cell Strains. (cdc.gov)

The duplication of chromosome 1 and 15 and deletion of chromosome 8 were significant in high invasive cultures compared to low invasive cultures. (cdc.gov)
FISH mapping further narrowed the region of deletion of chromosome 4 to 39.6 centimorgans (cM) and the region of duplication to 10-35 cM. (cdc.gov)
In the bilateral retinoblastoma patient deletion of chromosome region 13q14 in peripheral blood lymphocytes and a hemizygous novel 8-bp deletion in exon 4 of RB1 in tumour sample were observed. (who.int)

Chromosome 15 spans more than 102 million DNA building blocks (base pairs) and represents more than 3 percent of the total DNA in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Most people with a 15q13.3 microdeletion are missing a sequence of about 2 million DNA base pairs, also written as 2 megabases (Mb). (medlineplus.gov)
Chromosome 15 spans about 106 million base pairs (the building material of DNA ) and represents between 3% and 3.5% of the total DNA in cells . (bionity.com)
In the 150 years that followed, matching pairs of chromosomes were labeled, As, Ts Cs and Gs were coupled off and, ultimately, 3 billion base pairs were sequenced in the correct order. (discovermagazine.com)
DNA is so tightly wound in each chromosome that the entire human genetic code of 3 billion base pairs fits in an area of just 6 microns, 10 times smaller than the diameter of hair! (giantmicrobes.com)
Sep 22, 2022 Telomere vesicles retained the Rad51 recombination factor that enabled telomere fusion with T-cell chromosome ends lengthening them by an average of 3,000 base pairs. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

Prior to division, genetic material from the paternal and maternal copies of each chromosome is exchanged through a process called meiotic recombination or crossing over. (brightsurf.com)
Recombination failure is a leading cause of aneuploidy, which is the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes. (brightsurf.com)
The researchers found a surprisingly high level of recombination failure, with more than 7% of oocytes containing at least one exchangeless chromosome pair. (brightsurf.com)
The smallest autosomes (i.e., chromosomes 21 and 22) are most likely to exhibit recombination failure. (brightsurf.com)

Dup15q syndrome arises only if the chromosome abnormality occurs on the copy of the chromosome inherited from the mother (the maternal copy). (medlineplus.gov)

15q13.3 microdeletion is a chromosomal change in which a small piece of chromosome 15 is deleted in each cell. (medlineplus.gov)
This chromosomal change deletes the region of chromosome 15 that includes the UBE3A gene. (bionity.com)
The duplication of chromosome 1 between bands E2 and H1 was the most significant chromosomal change in the invasive cell strains. (cdc.gov)

Chromosomes are threadlike structures inside of cells that store genetic information. (giantmicrobes.com)
Till now, a variety of dynein protein deficiencies have been linked with asthenospermia (ASZ), highlighting the significance of these structures in human sperm motility. (bvsalud.org)
Telomeres are small structures that protect the ends of your chromosomes. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

We have recently identified a risk haplotype associated with dyslexia on chromosome 6p22.2 which spans the TTRAP gene and portions of THEM2 and KIAA0319. (ox.ac.uk)

Previous reports suggest that electrical forces on cell structure proteins interfered with the chromosome separation during mitosis and induced apoptosis. (nature.com)
the similarity between the human and mouse proteins is lower compared to other orthologous sodium channel pairs. (utsouthwestern.edu)

Autosomal dominant distal spinal muscular atrophy type V (dSMA-V) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D) segregate within a single large kindred and map to a refined region on chromosome 7p15. (jefferson.edu)
Here we describe the in-depth investigation of a complex region on chromosome 8p21.2 encompassing the dedicator of cytokinesis 5 (DOCK5) gene. (ox.ac.uk)

Two copies of chromosome 15, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs. (medlineplus.gov)
The following chromosomal conditions are associated with changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 15. (medlineplus.gov)
In people with an isodicentric chromosome 15, cells have the usual two copies of chromosome 15 plus the two duplicated copies of the segment of genetic material in the isodicentric chromosome, for a total of four copies of the duplicated segment. (medlineplus.gov)
In these cases, cells have two copies of chromosome 15, one of which has an extra copy of the segment of genetic material, for a total of three copies of the duplicated segment. (medlineplus.gov)
People normally have two copies of this chromosome. (bionity.com)
The following conditions are caused by changes in the structure or number of copies of chromosome 15. (bionity.com)
Because the copy of the UBE3A gene inherited from a person's father (the paternal copy) is normally inactive in the brain, a deletion in the maternal chromosome 15 results in no active copies of the UBE3A gene in the brain. (bionity.com)
In 3% to 7% of cases, Angelman syndrome occurs when a person has two copies of the paternal chromosome 15 instead of one copy from each parent. (bionity.com)
People with paternal UPD for chromosome 15 have two copies of the UBE3A gene, but they are both inherited from the father and are therefore inactive in the brain. (bionity.com)
People normally have two copies of this chromosome in each cell, one copy from each parent. (bionity.com)
Loss of entire copies of chromosomes 7, 8, and 14 were significant in the primary tumor cell cultures. (cdc.gov)

Independent susceptibility markers for atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25. (musc.edu)
These findings highlight the potential role of DOCK5 in human obesity and illustrate a novel approach for analysis of the contribution of VNTRs to disease susceptibility through association studies. (ox.ac.uk)

Amplification of mouse chromosome 4 in chemically induced and invasive mouse lung adenocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)
Mouse chromosome 1 and 15 were amplified in 90% of the high-invasive cell strains. (cdc.gov)

Smoking dysregulates the human airway basal cell transcriptome at COPD risk locus 19q13.2. (ouhsc.edu)
Linkage analysis and haplotype construction permitted the identification of a novel ADPHSP locus on the long arm of chromosome 9, designated SPG19. (elsevier.com)
AIMS: An intergenic locus on chromosome 1 (lead SNP rs10911021) was previously associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D). (bris.ac.uk)
Isolation and characterization of a zinc finger polypeptide gene at the human chromosome 11 Wilms tumor locus. (medscape.com)

Each of the two remaining chromosomes are either X or Y. The numbered chromosomes are referred to as autosomes , and the X and Y chromosomes are called sex chromosomes . (stevemorse.org)

Key to connecting chromosomes to symptoms and traits is the karyotype, a size-order alignment of chromosome pairs in a chart. (the-scientist.com)
Some characteristics, or traits, result from interactions with the environment, others are determined from the genetic material in your chromosomes. (windows2universe.org)
Red hair and Rh blood type are both examples of human traits for which the genetic basis is actually pretty well understood. (thehonestfacts.com)

It involves two rounds of division that ultimately result in four cells with only one copy of each paternal and maternal chromosome. (brightsurf.com)
But the magnitude of the effect has not been clear, because until now, there had been no attempt to directly measure the incidence of exchangeless chromosomes in a large series of human oocytes--immature egg cells. (brightsurf.com)
The researchers strongly suspect that PLK4 , a neighboring gene known to govern the distribution of chromosomes as cells divide, is involved, but this is not yet confirmed. (ashg.org)
Life depends on constant replenishment of human body cells with new cells created by differentiation of adult stem cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
According to a simplified model of this theory a newly-conceived human embryo consists of pluripotent stem cells (Type A), ones that can potentially divide into any body cells. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)
The duplication of chromosome 1 and 15 were associated with the ability of cells to invade a gel matrix. (cdc.gov)
The isolated compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using human dendritic cells (DCs). (arctichealth.org)
In an adult human being, if the number of cells is round about 10 13 , then the total length of DNA would extend from the earth to the sun 100 times. (creation.com)
We identified 1305 non-redundant fusion events from 388 transcriptomes representing 59 human cortices and 329 single cells. (nature.com)
Chromosomes are the keepers of the genetic material in eukaryotic cells . (windows2universe.org)
Duplication of the proximal region of chromosome 4 occurred in 22% of the spontaneously-occurring high-invasive cells strains and 83% of the chemically-induced high-invasive cell culrures. (cdc.gov)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Organoids from human pluripotent cells can be used to model cerebral cortical development. (jcbose.ac.in)

No known mechanism of mutation, either at the gene level or the chromosome level has been discovered which will produce evolutionary advancement. (creation.com)

DNA contains a sequence of paired bases, or nucleotides, of which there are four types. (ieee.org)

An organism has the same chromosomes for its entire life. (windows2universe.org)
A karyotype represents a complete set of chromosomes in each and every eukaryote cell of an individual organism. (cdc.gov)

Loss of the distal portion and duplication of the proximal region of chromosome 4 were observed in the primary tumor cell cultures. (cdc.gov)
To check this hypothesis, we evaluated the appearance of aswell as miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p in 48 PTC tumor/regular tissues pairs by Taqman assay to reveal which the appearance of was 3.28-fold reduced, and miR-146b-5p was 28.9-fold improved in PTC tumors. (euromed2016.com)
In support of this idea are the linea that the colorectal tumor suppressor protein DCC has some structural homology to LAR438 and that the LAR gene maps to a linds on chromosome 1p32-33 that is thought e contain a breast cancer tumor sup- pressor gene. (qrforex.com)

Comment on Long-term effects of bariatric surgery on patients with obesity and chromosome 19.11-2 microdeletion. (ouhsc.edu)

Although the set of species present in the human oral biofilm is almost fully depicted, new efforts have to be conducted to establish microbial agonistic or antagonistic associations, to distinguish actively-growing bacteria from inactive or transient species, as well as to outline the role of individual species during biofilm formation on tooth surfaces. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria human relationship with distillery and animals. (veganismblog.tk)

The duplication of APBA2 sequences in this region adds to a complex picture of different low copy repeats present across this region and elsewhere on the chromosome. (nih.gov)
The most common chromosome abnormality that leads to 15q11.2-q13.1 duplication, occurring in about 80 percent of people with dup15q syndrome, is called an isodicentric chromosome 15. (medlineplus.gov)
People with dup15q syndrome resulting from an interstitial duplication often have milder signs and symptoms than those in whom the disorder results from an isodicentric chromosome 15. (medlineplus.gov)
In addition, FISH demonstrated a 20 centimorgan duplication on chromosome 4. (cdc.gov)
Mapping with FISH and CGH array further narrowed the region of duplication of chromosome 1 to five centimorgans. (cdc.gov)
In this variant, a 16-base pair frame shift duplication occurs at exon 15 of the HPS1 gene. (medscape.com)

However, errors during the cell replication process can cause the chromosomes to distribute unevenly, a condition known as aneuploidy. (ashg.org)

One hypothesis is that for ancient humans, a lower chance of successful pregnancy per sexual encounter encouraged long-term bonding between men and women, which in turn increased paternal investment in each child, improving the child's safety and health. (ashg.org)

contains a zinc finger,XV" YOL091W 1 15 16 YOL091W "involved in sporulation,XV" YOL103W-B 1 15 17 YOL103W-B "TyB Gag-Pol protein. (davidson.edu)

In females, it is perfect with two X-chromosomes. (mercinewyork.com)
Females have two X chromosomes. (stevemorse.org)

An international research team led by Martin Petr and Janet Kelso of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany, has determined Y chromosome sequences of three Neandertals and two Denisovans. (brightsurf.com)

Our results indicate that quite the contrary, many of these chromosome errors are simply hardwired into human biology. (brightsurf.com)
What do we know about the biology of the emerging fungal pathogen of humans Candida auris? (elsevier.com)
Human biology, in particular of the human brain, is one of the most diverse natural systems. (nature.com)
But Fuentes has moved on to going after other aspects of biology, and in the article above he commits what I see as the cardinal sin of woke scientists who should know better: denying that, in humans at least, sex is a binary. (whyevolutionistrue.com)

the strands of human genetic material tend to bunch together maddeningly, overlapping and intertwining like so much spaghetti. (the-scientist.com)
An isodicentric chromosome contains mirror-image segments of genetic material and has two constriction points (centromeres), rather than one centromere as in normal chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)

The homologous linkage groups on human chromosomes 1q32-41, 2q, 8q24 and 8p are altered in invasive human lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
The homologous linkage groups on human chromosomes 9p2I, 1p36, 9q and 8q are altered in asbestos -induced human lung adenocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)
Diploid organisms, such as humans, have chromosomes that come in homologous pairs (except for the sex chromosomes), with each parent contributing one chromosome per homologous pair. (maplesoft.com)

doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-4-15. (nih.gov)

Their favorable population structure facilitates the discovery of functional genetic variation including some interesting non-coding structural variants with regulatory effects [ 10 - 15 ]. (plos.org)
The structural chromosome alterations may arise at the chromosome level (e.g., translocations and gains or losses of large portions of chromosomes) or at the nucleotide level, which influence gene structure or expression such as mutations, insertions, deletions, gene amplifications, and gene silencing by epigenetic effects ( Jefford and Irminger-Finger, 2006 ). (frontiersin.org)

PDF file related to telomere lengthening in humans, and natural product telomerase activators, written by Phillip A Micans, MS, PharmB 44-208-123-2106 iasantiaging-systems.com Menu . (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

These same linkage groups are altered in human lung cancer. (cdc.gov)
The alteration of the same linkage groups in mouse and human indicates that the mouse is a valid model for human lung adenocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)

XV" YOL105C 1 15 18 YOL105C "Putative integral membrane protein containing novel cysteine motif. (davidson.edu)

Human ornithine decarboxylase-encoding loci: nucleotide sequence of the expressed gene and characterization of a pseudogene. (jefferson.edu)
We have earlier reported the extent of DNA level diversity and its possible role due to somatic single nucleotide variations in normal human brain 1 . (nature.com)

To address this knowledge gap, Hassold and his collaborators conducted a large population-based analysis of exchangeless chromosomes in the fetal ovary. (brightsurf.com)

The commercial introduction of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in 1985 dramatically changed the field of therapy for growth hormone (GH). (medscape.com)

The deletion occurs on the q arm of the chromosome at a position designated q13.3. (medlineplus.gov)
In the case of female X chromosome inactivation, that actually occurs within the first couple weeks of embryonic development. (coursera.org)

Moving forward, the researchers will search for genetic variants that may affect the likelihood of having exchangeless chromosomes. (brightsurf.com)

Using single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to interrogate transcriptomic profiles of archived human pancreatic islets. (harvard.edu)

PML: promyelocytic leukemia protein (involved in t(15,17) with RARalpha, predominant cause of acute promyelocytic leukemia. (bionity.com)
To determine the overall proportion of human oocytes containing one or more exchangeless chromosomes, they counted chromosome pairs that lacked the crossover-associated protein MLH1. (brightsurf.com)
Renowned as the #1 antibody event in the industry, this year's agenda boasts 15 dedicated topic streams, 3 unmissable training course add-on options and will bring together more than 700 of the antibody and protein community. (cshlpress.org)
RNA data sourced from Human Protein Atlas . (antibodypedia.com)

Comparative cytogenetics of mouse and human lung adenocarcinoma. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy66

Organisms8

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs29

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes174

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Tumor suppression in human skin carcinoma cells by chromosome 15 transfer or thrombospondin-1 overexpression through halted tumor vascularization. (1/849)

In vivo nuclease hypersensitivity studies reveal multiple sites of parental origin-dependent differential chromatin conformation in the 150 kb SNRPN transcription unit. (2/849)

Molecular cloning of two new human paralogs of 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2. (3/849)

Bothnia dystrophy caused by mutations in the cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein gene (RLBP1) on chromosome 15q26. (4/849)

Cloning, characterization, and chromosomal location of a novel human K+-Cl- cotransporter. (5/849)

Molecular cloning of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule CDw108. (6/849)

An imprinted, mammalian bicistronic transcript encodes two independent proteins. (7/849)

Large genomic duplicons map to sites of instability in the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome chromosome region (15q11-q13). (8/849)

Chromosomes

Chromosome Mapping

Chromosome Banding

X Chromosome

Chromosome Aberrations

Sex Chromosomes

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1

Chromosomes, Human

Chromosomes, Bacterial

Chromosome Segregation

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6

Chromosome Deletion

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21

Chromosomes, Plant

Chromosomes, Fungal

Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22

Chromosome Pairing

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13

Chromosomes, Mammalian

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8

Chromosomes, Human, Y

Chromosome Disorders

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5

Chromosomes, Human, X

Chromosome Painting

Chromosomes, Human, 1-3

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15

Karyotyping

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Chromosomes, Human, 16-18

Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast

Genetic Linkage

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15

Chromosome Breakage

Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y

Molecular Sequence Data

Base Sequence

Ring Chromosomes

Genetic Markers

Chromosome Inversion

Chromosome Positioning

Chromosomes, Human, 4-5

X Chromosome Inactivation

Centromere

Meiosis

Chromosomes, Insect

Translocation, Genetic

Hybrid Cells

Chromosome Structures

Chromosomes, Human, 19-20

Aneuploidy

Metaphase

Mitosis

Recombination, Genetic

Mutation

Microsatellite Repeats

Lod Score

Pedigree

Crosses, Genetic

Cloning, Molecular

Phenotype

DNA

Alleles

Amino Acid Sequence

Nucleic Acid Hybridization