Chromosomes
Chromosome Mapping
Bacteriophage T4
Bacteriophage lambda
Bacteriophage T7
Chromosome Banding
Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.
Lysogeny
The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.
X Chromosome
T-Phages
A series of 7 virulent phages which infect E. coli. The T-even phages T2, T4; (BACTERIOPHAGE T4), and T6, and the phage T5 are called "autonomously virulent" because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages T1, T3; (BACTERIOPHAGE T3), and T7; (BACTERIOPHAGE T7) are called "dependent virulent" because they depend on continued bacterial metabolism during the lytic cycle. The T-even phages contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in place of ordinary cytosine in their DNA.
Chromosome Aberrations
Bacteriophage mu
A temperate coliphage, in the genus Mu-like viruses, family MYOVIRIDAE, composed of a linear, double-stranded molecule of DNA, which is able to insert itself randomly at any point on the host chromosome. It frequently causes a mutation by interrupting the continuity of the bacterial OPERON at the site of insertion.
Chromosomes, Bacterial
Sex Chromosomes
The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Chromosomes, Human
Bacteriophage phi 6
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
Bacteriophage phi X 174
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Base Sequence
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6
Bacteriophage P2
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
Mutation
Chromosomes, Plant
Bacteriophage M13
Chromosomes, Fungal
Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X
Bacteriophage T3
Bacteriophage P1
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22
Bacteriophage Typing
Chromosomes, Mammalian
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10
Chromosomes, Human, Y
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
Chromosome Disorders
Salmonella Phages
Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
Recombination, Genetic
Siphoviridae
Chromosomes, Human, X
Chromosomes, Human, 1-3
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
Chromosome Painting
A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
RNA Phages
Bacteriophages whose genetic material is RNA, which is single-stranded in all except the Pseudomonas phage phi 6 (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6). All RNA phages infect their host bacteria via the host's surface pili. Some frequently encountered RNA phages are: BF23, F2, R17, fr, PhiCb5, PhiCb12r, PhiCb8r, PhiCb23r, 7s, PP7, Q beta phage, MS2 phage, and BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
Bacteriolysis
Chromosomes, Human, 16-18
Genetic Linkage
Bacteriophage PRD1
Pseudomonas Phages
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20
Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
Chromosomes in which fragments of exogenous DNA ranging in length up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast through ligation to vector sequences. These artificial chromosomes are used extensively in molecular biology for the construction of comprehensive genomic libraries of higher organisms.
Bacillus Phages
Chromosomes, Human, 13-15
Plasmids
Genes
Cloning, Molecular
Amino Acid Sequence
Chromosome Breakage
Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y
Chromosome Inversion
Genetic Markers
Viral Tail Proteins
Chromosome Positioning
Chromosomes, Human, 4-5
Levivirus
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
DNA Packaging
X Chromosome Inactivation
Prophages
Adsorption
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Centromere
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Crosses, Genetic
Attachment Sites, Microbiological
Phenotype
Genetics, Microbial
Translocation, Genetic
Meiosis
Hybrid Cells
Inovirus
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
Chromosomes, Human, 19-20
Transcription, Genetic
Aneuploidy
The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).
Transduction, Genetic
Metaphase
Mitosis
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Virus Replication
DNA, Single-Stranded
Genetic Complementation Test
Viral Plaque Assay
Method for measuring viral infectivity and multiplication in CULTURED CELLS. Clear lysed areas or plaques develop as the VIRAL PARTICLES are released from the infected cells during incubation. With some VIRUSES, the cells are killed by a cytopathic effect; with others, the infected cells are not killed but can be detected by their hemadsorptive ability. Sometimes the plaque cells contain VIRAL ANTIGENS which can be measured by IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE.
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Nucleic Acid Conformation
DNA-Binding Proteins
Lod Score
Alleles
Pedigree
Microsatellite Repeats
Models, Genetic
Temperature
Blotting, Southern
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
Genotype
DNA Transposable Elements
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
Evolution, Molecular
Open Reading Frames
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Cystoviridae
Bacteriophage Pf1
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Operon
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Caudovirales
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair.
Nondisjunction, Genetic
DNA, Recombinant
Phosphorus Isotopes
Chromosomes, Artificial, Human
Kinetochores
DNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Telomere
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
DNA Helicases
Proteins that catalyze the unwinding of duplex DNA during replication by binding cooperatively to single-stranded regions of DNA or to short regions of duplex DNA that are undergoing transient opening. In addition DNA helicases are DNA-dependent ATPases that harness the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate DNA strands.
Binding Sites
Chromosome Walking
A technique with which an unknown region of a chromosome can be explored. It is generally used to isolate a locus of interest for which no probe is available but that is known to be linked to a gene which has been identified and cloned. A fragment containing a known gene is selected and used as a probe to identify other overlapping fragments which contain the same gene. The nucleotide sequences of these fragments can then be characterized. This process continues for the length of the chromosome.
DNA Probes
Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.
Endodeoxyribonucleases
DNA, Circular
Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. Small, polydisperse circular DNA's have also been observed in a number of eukaryotic organisms and are suggested to have homology with chromosomal DNA and the capacity to be inserted into, and excised from, chromosomal DNA. It is a fragment of DNA formed by a process of looping out and deletion, containing a constant region of the mu heavy chain and the 3'-part of the mu switch region. Circular DNA is a normal product of rearrangement among gene segments encoding the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, as well as the T-cell receptor. (Riger et al., Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
DNA Primase
Integrases
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
Ultraviolet Rays
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
Chromosomal Instability
Spindle Apparatus
DNA Primers
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Chromosome Fragility
Gene Deletion
Multigene Family
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Templates, Genetic
Cryoelectron Microscopy
Host Specificity
Haplotypes
Biological Therapy
Transformation, Genetic
Nucleic Acid Denaturation
Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.
A chromosomal region 7p11.2 transcript map: its development and application to the study of EGFR amplicons in glioblastoma. (1/25)
Cumulative information available about the organization of amplified chromosomal regions in human tumors suggests that the amplification repeat units, or amplicons, can be of a simple or complex nature. For the former, amplified regions generally retain their native chromosomal configuration and involve a single amplification target sequence. For complex amplicons, amplified DNAs usually undergo substantial reorganization relative to the normal chromosomal regions from which they evolve, and the regions subject to amplification may contain multiple target sequences. Previous efforts to characterize the 7p11.2 epidermal growth factor receptor ) amplicon in glioblastoma have relied primarily on the use of markers positioned by linkage analysis and/or radiation hybrid mapping, both of which are known to have the potential for being inaccurate when attempting to order loci over relatively short (<1 Mb) chromosomal regions. Due to the limited resolution of genetic maps that have been established through the use of these approaches, we have constructed a 2-Mb bacterial and P1-derived artificial chromosome (BAC-PAC) contig for the EGFR region and have applied markers positioned on its associated physical map to the analysis of 7p11.2 amplifications in a series of glioblastomas. Our data indicate that EGFR is the sole amplification target within the mapped region, although there are several additional 7p11.2 genes that can be coamplified and overexpressed with EGFR. Furthermore, these results are consistent with EGFR amplicons retaining the same organization as the native chromosome 7p11.2 region from which they are derived. (+info)The common retroviral insertion locus Dsi1 maps 30 kilobases upstream of the P1 promoter of the murine Runx3/Cbfa3/Aml2 gene. (2/25)
The Dsi1 locus was identified as a common integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) in rat thymic lymphomas, but previous efforts to identify a gene affected by these insertions were unsuccessful. We considered the Runx3 gene a potential candidate on the basis of genetic mapping which showed that Dsi1 and Runx3 are closely linked on mouse chromosome 4 and the precedent of the related Runx2 gene, which emerged recently as a Myc-collaborating gene activated by retroviral insertion in thymic lymphomas of CD2-MYC mice. We now report the physical mapping of the Dsi1 locus to a site 30 kb upstream of the distal (P1) promoter of the murine Runx3 gene. Comparison with the syntenic region of human chromosome 1 shows that the next gene is over 250 kb 5' to Runx3, suggesting that Runx3 may be the primary target of retroviral insertions at Dsi1. Screening of CD2-MYC lymphomas for rearrangements at Dsi1 revealed a tumor cell line harboring an MLV provirus at this locus, in the orientation opposite that of Runx3. Proviral insertion was associated with very high levels of expression of Runx3, with a preponderance of transcripts arising at the P1 promoter. These results confirm that Runx3 is a target of retroviral insertions at Dsi1 and indicate that Runx3 can act as an alternative to Runx2 as a Myc-collaborating gene in thymic lymphoma. (+info)Genes in a refined Smith-Magenis syndrome critical deletion interval on chromosome 17p11.2 and the syntenic region of the mouse. (3/25)
Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome associated with behavioral abnormalities and sleep disturbance. Most patients have the same approximately 4 Mb interstitial genomic deletion within chromosome 17p11.2. To investigate the molecular bases of the SMS phenotype, we constructed BAC/PAC contigs covering the SMS common deletion interval and its syntenic region on mouse chromosome 11. Comparative genome analysis reveals the absence of all three approximately 200-kb SMS-REP low-copy repeats in the mouse and indicates that the evolution of SMS-REPs was accompanied by transposition of adjacent genes. Physical and genetic map comparisons in humans reveal reduced recombination in both sexes. Moreover, by examining the deleted regions in SMS patients with unusual-sized deletions, we refined the minimal Smith-Magenis critical region (SMCR) to an approximately 1.1-Mb genomic interval that is syntenic to an approxiamtely 1.0-Mb region in the mouse. Genes within the SMCR and its mouse syntenic region were identified by homology searches and by gene prediction programs, and their gene structures and expression profiles were characterized. In addition to 12 genes previously mapped, we identified 8 new genes and 10 predicted genes in the SMCR. In the mouse syntenic region of the human SMCR, 16 genes and 6 predicted genes were identified. The SMCR is highly conserved between humans and mice, including 19 genes with the same gene order and orientation. Our findings will facilitate both the identification of gene(s) responsible for the SMS phenotype and the engineering of an SMS mouse model. (+info)Transcriptional regulation of the stem cell leukemia gene (SCL)--comparative analysis of five vertebrate SCL loci. (4/25)
The stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene encodes a bHLH transcription factor with a pivotal role in hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis and a pattern of expression that is highly conserved between mammals and zebrafish. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the zebrafish SCL locus together with the identification of three neighboring genes, IER5, MAP17, and MUPP1. This region spans 68 kb and comprises the longest zebrafish genomic sequence currently available for comparison with mammalian, chicken, and pufferfish sequences. Our data show conserved synteny between zebrafish and mammalian SCL and MAP17 loci, thus suggesting the likely genomic domain necessary for the conserved pattern of SCL expression. Long-range comparative sequence analysis/phylogenetic footprinting was used to identify noncoding conserved sequences representing candidate transcriptional regulatory elements. The SCL promoter/enhancer, exon 1, and the poly(A) region were highly conserved, but no homology to other known mouse SCL enhancers was detected in the zebrafish sequence. A combined homology/structure analysis of the poly(A) region predicted consistent structural features, suggesting a conserved functional role in mRNA regulation. Analysis of the SCL promoter/enhancer revealed five motifs, which were conserved from zebrafish to mammals, and each of which is essential for the appropriate pattern or level of SCL transcription. (+info)Prospective screening for subtelomeric rearrangements in children with mental retardation of unknown aetiology: the Amsterdam experience. (5/25)
OBJECTIVE: The frequency of subtelomeric rearrangements in patients with unexplained mental retardation (MR) is uncertain, as most studies have been retrospective and case retrieval may have been biased towards cases more likely to have a chromosome anomaly. To ascertain the frequency of cytogenetic anomalies, including subtelomeric rearrangements, we prospectively screened a consecutive cohort of cases with unexplained MR in an academic tertiary centre. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were: age <18 years at referral, IQ<85, no aetiological diagnosis after complete examination, which included karyotyping with high resolution banding (HRB). RESULTS: In 266 karyotyped children, anomalies were detected in 20 (7.5%, seven numerical, 13 structural); 39 cases were analysed by FISH for specific interstitial microdeletions, and anomalies were found in nine (23%). FISH analyses for subtelomeric microdeletions were performed in 184 children (44% moderate-profound MR, 51% familial MR), and one rearrangement (0.5%) was identified in a non-familial MR female with mild MR (de novo deletion 12q24.33-qter). The number of probable polymorphisms was considerable: 2qter (n=7), Xpter (n=3), and Ypter (n=1). A significantly higher total number of malformations and minor anomalies was present in the cytogenetic anomaly group compared to the group without cytogenetic anomalies. CONCLUSIONS: The total frequency of cytogenetic anomalies in this prospective study was high (1:10), but the frequency of subtelomeric rearrangements was low. The most likely explanations are the high quality of HRB cytogenetic studies and the lack of clinical selection bias. Conventional cytogenetic analyses, combined with targeted microdeletion testing, remain the single most effective way of additional investigation in mentally retarded children, also in a tertiary centre. (+info)Comparative genomic sequence analysis of the human chromosome 21 Down syndrome critical region. (6/25)
Comprehensive knowledge of the gene content of human chromosome 21 (HSA21) is essential for understanding the etiology of Down syndrome (DS). Here we report the largest comparison of finished mouse and human sequence to date for a 1.35-Mb region of mouse chromosome 16 (MMU16) that corresponds to human chromosome 21q22.2. This includes a portion of the commonly described "DS critical region," thought to contain a gene or genes whose dosage imbalance contributes to a number of phenotypes associated with DS. We used comparative sequence analysis to construct a DNA feature map of this region that includes all known genes, plus 144 conserved sequences > or =100 bp long that show > or =80% identity between mouse and human but do not match known exons. Twenty of these have matches to expressed sequence tag and cDNA databases, indicating that they may be transcribed sequences from chromosome 21. Eight putative CpG islands are found at conserved positions. Models for two human genes, DSCR4 and DSCR8, are not supported by conserved sequence, and close examination indicates that low-level transcripts from these loci are unlikely to encode proteins. Gene prediction programs give different results when used to analyze the well-conserved regions between mouse and human sequences. Our findings have implications for evolution and for modeling the genetic basis of DS in mice. (+info)Annotation and BAC/PAC localization of nonredundant ESTs from drought-stressed seedlings of an indica rice. (7/25)
To decipher the genes associated with drought stress response and to identify novel genes in rice, we utilized 1540 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) for functional annotation and mapping to rice genomic sequences. These ESTs were generated earlier by 3'-end single-pass sequencing of 2000 cDNA clones from normalized cDNA libraries constructed form drought-stressed seedlings of an indica rice. A rice UniGene set of 1025 transcripts was constructed from this collection through the BLASTN algorithm. Putative functions of 559 nonredundant ESTs were identified by BLAST similarity search against public databases. Putative functions were assigned at a stringency E value of 10(-6) in BLASTN and BLASTX algorithms. To understand the gene structure and function further, we have utilized the publicly available finished and unfinished rice BAC/PAC (BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome; PAC, P1 artificial chromosome) sequences for similarity search using the BLASTN algorithm. Further, 603 nonredundant ESTs have been mapped to BAC/PAC clones. BAC clones were assigned by a homology of above 95% identity along 90% of EST sequence length in the aligned region. In all, 700 ESTs showed rice EST hits in GenBank. Of the 325 novel ESTs, 128 were localized to BAC clones. In addition, 127 ESTs with identified putative functions but with no homology in IRGSP (International Rice Genome Sequencing Program) BAC/PAC sequences were mapped to the Chinese WGS (whole genome shotgun contigs) draft sequence of the rice genome. Functional annotation uncovered about a hundred candidate ESTs associated with abiotic stress in rice and Arabidopsis that were previously reported based on microarray analysis and other studies. This study is a major effort in identifying genes associated with drought stress response and will serve as a resource to rice geneticists and molecular biologists. (+info)Evidence for a fast, intrachromosomal conversion mechanism from mapping of nucleotide variants within a homogeneous alpha-satellite DNA array. (8/25)
Assuming that patterns of sequence variants within highly homogeneous centromeric tandem repeat arrays can tell us which molecular turnover mechanisms are presently at work, we analyzed the alpha-satellite tandem repeat array DXZ1 of one human X chromosome. Here we present accurate snapshots from this dark matter of the genome. We demonstrate stable and representative cloning of the array in a P1 artificial chromosome (PAC) library, use samples of higher-order repeats subcloned from five unmapped PACs (120-160 kb) to identify common variants, and show that such variants are presently in a fixed transition state. To characterize patterns of variant spread throughout homogeneous array segments, we use a novel partial restriction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis mapping approach. We find an older large-scale (35-50 kb) duplication event supporting the evolutionarily important unequal crossing-over hypothesis, but generally find independent variant occurrence and a paucity of potential de novo mutations within segments of highest homogeneity (99.1%-99.3%). Within such segments, a highly nonrandom variant clustering within adjacent higher-order repeats was found in the absence of haplotypic repeats. Such variant clusters are hardly explained by interchromosomal, fixation-driving mechanisms and likely reflect a fast, localized, intrachromosomal sequence conversion mechanism. (+info)
Pool Frog Bac Pac - Pool Geek
Genomic arrays identify high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia with genomic complexity : A multi-center study
Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome: Primer on Molecular Genetics
Tommi Piper: Alf - Alles Paradiso! CD Track Listing at cyList
Early View
| Haematologica
Genomic arrays
Tommi Markkanen - NICPB HEP Group
Sólarsamba um hávetur - tommi.is
Detection of known and novel genomic rearrangements by array based comparative genomic hybridisation: deletion of ZNF533 and...
Plus it
Tommi Andersson | Turun yliopisto
Assessment of genome integrity with array CGH in cattle transgenic cell lines produced by homologous recombination and somatic...
Bloch Lectures | Molecular & Cellular Biology Events
New Gene Chip May Be Early Cancer Diagnosis Tool - Redorbit
38th week of 2012 patent applcation highlights part 37
Citation tools | JCB
Suositus - Käypä hoito
Nokia Has Secured 63 Commercial 5G Deals | CdrInfo.com
CGH, CGH array, micro-macro array - Macroarray and Microarray
Plus it
PROYECTO#2 REPLICAS&TRIBUTOS MITSUBISHI LANCER EVOLUTION VI TOMMI MAKINEN EDITION - Targasport
Raikkonen To Make WRC Debut In Finland
A unique type of GSK-3 inhibitor brings new opportunities to the clinic | Science Signaling
Triplet supercurrents in clean and disordered half-metallic ferromagnets
Micrometer Caliper | Article about Micrometer Caliper by The Free Dictionary
Relaxation mechanisms of UV-photoexcited DNA and RNA nucleobases<...
Kuti - ZineWiki - the history and culture of zines, independent media and the small press.
Research update for articles published in EJCI in 2014
Comparison of arrhythmogenicity and proinflammatory activity induced by intramyocardial or epicardial myoblast sheet delivery...
Free Skate Magazine » HARD WATER
Online Buying Allegra D Without A Prescription: Certified Canadian Pharmacy!
High-Resolution Genomic Arrays Facilitate Detection of Novel Cryptic Chromosomal Lesions in Myelodysplastic Syndromes<...
FISH Oracle: a web server for flexible visualization of DNA copy number data in a genomic context | Journal of Clinical...
Shock Energy Conversion from Translation to Rotation
paediatric endocrinology | BMJ Open
04854 Plastic plant in blister box AP052C size S UnionStar - Plastic plants | TommiLand
allegra
Allegra - World Select Pharmacy
Tommi Koskinen | Lunar and Planetary Laboratory & Department of Planetary Sciences | The University of Arizona
PLOS ONE: A Novel Plasmid-Encoded Serotype Conversion Mechanism through Addition of Phosphoethanolamine to the O-Antigen of...
PLOS ONE: A Novel Plasmid-Encoded Serotype Conversion Mechanism through Addition of Phosphoethanolamine to the O-Antigen of...
Chromosome organization of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 | Microbiology Society
OsI 27675 - Uncharacterized protein - Oryza sativa subsp. indica (Rice) - OsI 27675 gene & protein
Safb - Scaffold attachment factor B1 - Rattus norvegicus (Rat) - Safb gene & protein
Mitochondrial transcription factor A regulates mtDNA copy number in mammals. - ScienceOpen
Smith-Magenis Syndrome - PubMed
Molecular analysis of the Smith-Magenis syndrome: a possible contiguous-gene syndrome associated with del(17)(p11.2)
Siblings of individuals with Smith-Magenis syndrome: an investigation of the correlates of positive and negative behavioural...
Prevalence, phenomenology, aetiology and predictors of challenging behaviour in Smith-Magenis syndrome - ePrints Repository
I Circuit
Current Issue | Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Molecular Pathways in T Cell Development and T-ALL - Harald Von Boehmer
Bacterial artificial chromosome
A similar cloning vector called a PAC has also been produced from the DNA of P1 bacteriophage. BACs are often used to sequence ... Cosmid End-sequence profiling Fosmid Human artificial chromosome Secondary chromosome Yeast artificial chromosome O'Connor M, ... A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) is a DNA construct, based on a functional fertility plasmid (or F-plasmid), used for ... Domi A, Moss B (September 2002). "Cloning the vaccinia virus genome as a bacterial artificial chromosome in Escherichia coli ...
List of MeSH codes (A11)
... chromosomes, artificial, human MeSH A11.284.187.178.195 - chromosomes, artificial, p1 bacteriophage MeSH A11.284.187.178.200 - ... chromosomes, artificial MeSH A11.284.187.178.170 - chromosomes, artificial, bacterial MeSH A11.284.187.178.190 - chromosomes, ... chromosomes, artificial, yeast MeSH A11.284.187.190 - chromosomes, bacterial MeSH A11.284.187.190.170 - chromosomes, artificial ... chromosomes, artificial, yeast MeSH A11.284.187.520 - chromosomes, mammalian MeSH A11.284.187.520.190 - chromosomes, artificial ...
List of MeSH codes (G14)
... chromosomes, artificial, human MeSH G14.162.178.195 - chromosomes, artificial, p1 bacteriophage MeSH G14.162.178.200 - ... chromosomes, artificial, human MeSH G14.337.249.195 - chromosomes, artificial, p1 bacteriophage MeSH G14.337.249.200 - ... chromosomes, artificial, human MeSH G14.162.520.300 - chromosomes, human MeSH G14.162.520.300.117 - chromosomes, artificial, ... chromosomes, artificial, yeast MeSH G14.162.190.170 - chromosomes, artificial, bacterial MeSH G14.162.360.800 - chromosomes, ...
P1-derived artificial chromosome
A P1-derived artificial chromosome, or PAC, is a DNA construct derived from the DNA of P1 bacteriophages and Bacterial ... bacterial artificial chromosome, yeast artificial chromosome and the human artificial chromosome. Compared to other artificial ... Online Medical Dictionary P1-derived artificial chromosome P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) definition (CS1: long volume ... Bacterial artificial chromosome Human artificial chromosome Yeast artificial chromosome Bajpai, Bhakti (2013-10-22). "High ...
Genomic library
P1 artificial chromosomes (PACs) have features of both P1 vectors and Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs). Similar to P1 ... Bacteriophage P1 vectors can hold inserts 70 - 100kb in size. They begin as linear DNA molecules packaged into bacteriophage P1 ... Yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) are linear DNA molecules containing the necessary features of an authentic yeast chromosome ... Unlike P1 vectors, they do not need to be packaged into bacteriophage particles for transduction. Instead they are introduced ...
Cloning vector
BACs are based on F plasmid, another artificial chromosome called the PAC is based on the P1 phage. Yeast artificial chromosome ... The bacteriophages used for cloning are the λ phage and M13 phage. There is an upper limit on the amount of DNA that can be ... Human artificial chromosome may be potentially useful as a gene transfer vectors for gene delivery into human cells, and a tool ... Insert size of up to 350 kb can be cloned in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). BACs are maintained in E. coli with a copy ...
P1 phage
P1 can also be used to create the P1-derived artificial chromosome cloning vector which can carry relatively large fragments of ... "Bacteriophage P1", in Richard Calendar (ed.), The Bacteriophages, Oxford University Press, p. 350, ISBN 0195148509 Viralzone: ... "DNA Inversion Regions Min of Plasmid p15B and Cin of Bacteriophage P1: Evolution of Bacteriophage Tail Fiber Genes". Journal of ... The genome of P1 encodes 112 proteins and 5 untranslated genes and is this about twice the size of bacteriophage lambda. The ...
Recombineering
In engineering large constructs of >100 kb, such as the Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs), or chromosomes, recombineering ... As proteins homologous to Beta and RecT are found in many bacteria and bacteriophages (>100 as of February 2010), ... recombineering and P1 transduction in Escherichia coli". Nucleic Acids Research. 41 (22): e204. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt1075. PMC ... and for modifying DNA of any source often contained on a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), among other applications. ...
DeCS
Artificial Chromosome, P1-Derived Artificial Chromosomes, P1 Bacteriophage Artificial Chromosomes, P1-Derived Bacteriophage P1 ... Chromosome, P1-Derived Artificial Chromosomes, P1 Bacteriophage Artificial Chromosomes, P1-Derived Artificial P1 Bacteriophage ... Artificial Chromosomes, P1-Derived. Bacteriophage P1 Artificial Chromosomes. Chromosome, P1-Derived Artificial. Chromosomes, P1 ... Chromosomes, P1-Derived Artificial. P1 Bacteriophage Artificial Chromosomes. P1 Derived Artificial Chromosomes. P1-Derived ...
DeCS 2016 - June 12, 2016 version
P1-Derived Artificial Chromosome use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1-Derived Artificial Chromosomes use ... P1 Bacteriophage Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 CDC21 Protein use Minichromosome ... P1 Derived Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 Phage use Bacteriophage P1 ... P1 Purinoceptor Agonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists P1 Purinoceptor Antagonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ...
Craig Todd Basson, M.D.,Ph.D., M.D. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
DeCS 2019 - June 12, 2019 version
P1-Derived Artificial Chromosome use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1-Derived Artificial Chromosomes use ... P1 Bacteriophage Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 CDC21 Protein use Minichromosome ... P1 Derived Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 Phage use Bacteriophage P1 ... P1 Purinoceptor Agonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists P1 Purinoceptor Antagonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ...
DeCS 2018 - July 31, 2018 version
P1-Derived Artificial Chromosome use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1-Derived Artificial Chromosomes use ... P1 Bacteriophage Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 CDC21 Protein use Minichromosome ... P1 Derived Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 Phage use Bacteriophage P1 ... P1 Purinoceptor Agonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists P1 Purinoceptor Antagonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ...
DeCS 2017 - December 21, 2017 version
P1-Derived Artificial Chromosome use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1-Derived Artificial Chromosomes use ... P1 Bacteriophage Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 CDC21 Protein use Minichromosome ... P1 Derived Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 Phage use Bacteriophage P1 ... P1 Purinoceptor Agonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists P1 Purinoceptor Antagonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ...
DeCS 2017 - July 04, 2017 version
P1-Derived Artificial Chromosome use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1-Derived Artificial Chromosomes use ... P1 Bacteriophage Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 CDC21 Protein use Minichromosome ... P1 Derived Artificial Chromosomes use Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage P1 Phage use Bacteriophage P1 ... P1 Purinoceptor Agonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists P1 Purinoceptor Antagonists use Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ...
Publications about Gt(ROSA)26Sor - gene trap ROSA 26, Philippe Soriano
In recent years, the Cre integrase from bacteriophage P1 has become an essential tool for conditional gene activation and/or ... Here, we adapt this prophage system for use in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) engineering by transferring it to DH10B ... Recently, a highly efficient recombination system for chromosome engineering in Escherichia coli was described that uses a ... A highly efficient Escherichia coli-based chromosome engineering system adapted for recombinogenic targeting and subcloning of ...
Małgorzata Łobocka, PhD, DSc, Prof. - Instytut Biochemii i Biofizyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk
Functional Dissection of P1 Bacteriophage Holin-like Proteins Reveals the Biological Sense of P1 Lytic System Complexity. ... Others can alternatively remain in cells in the form of DNA that is either integrated with a chromosome or maintained as a ... including artificial sputum, bodies of infected organisms, and surfaces that promote biofilm formation. Our methodology ... ŁOBOCKA M., GĄGAŁA U., Prophage P1: an example of a prophage that is maintained as a plasmid. Chapter in: Bacteriophages, ...
Patent 2461917 Summary - Canadian Patents Database
Typical vectors include plasmids, modified viruses, bacteriophage,. cosmids, yeast artificial chromosomes, and other forms of ... and Cre recombinase system from bacteriophage P1, see Kilby et al. , 1993, Trends. Genetics 9: 413-421, as well as US Patent ... chromosomes in the cells in an animal by methods known in the art. Once integrated, the. transgene is carried in at least one ... chromosome of the animal at the place of the native RAMP1 gene or at another. chromosomal location. The transgene can be ...
Online Cultures Of Mass Tourism 2009
As X-linked applications, we were it P1 to be the online we yielded, Very we was to overcome a joint Open Access promoter that ... They are long inserted as online cultures of mass and time example because the genomic regression( chromosome attachment) are ... subject above-mentioned expression by handy bacteriophage Patients for a categorical review of components. ... which presents the measurements from the Nitrogenous classical artificial. statistically, expressing microdimples are heated in ...
1 - إستراتيجياس سكريتاس فوريكس بدف
BACs (bacterial artificial chromosomes), n 1], then return invalid. Does nigeria have a forign reserve Comprehend and take ... Define the centroid of K as c p1 В· В· В· pn. 10), Song (2000b) suggested applying the Monte Carlo technique to approximate ... 386 Advanced Molecular Biology Host-range variation in bacteriophage Mu. The standard workweek is 45 hours and time worked in ...
Vibrio/genética
Two circular chromosomes in V. natriegens WPAGA4 were assembled. A total of 4561 coding genes, 37 rRNA, 131 tRNA, and 59 other ... Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entities in the oceans and play key roles in bacterial activity, diversity and ... In this study, functional promoters P1, P2-1, and P2-2 censoring salt stress were isolated and identified from a Vibrio ... observed in persistence experiments for all transconjugant strains for up to 48 h in both antibiotic-free media and artificial ...
Riferimenti bibliografici :: Superpig
Chromosomal mapping of tandem repeats in the Yesso Scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857), utilizing fluorescence in situ...
Three clones were respectively assigned to a pair of metacentric chromosomes, a pair of submetacentric chromosomes and a pair ... In summary, totally 8 pairs of chromosomes of the Yesso scallop were identified by 6 fosmid clones and two rDNA probes. ... Furthermore, 6 tandem repeats of 5 clones were sequenced and could be developed as chromosome specific markers for the Yesso ... of telocentric chromosomes and the remaining 3 clones showed their loci on three different pairs of subtelocentric chromosomes ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Artificial E2.875.540 Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous E2.875.540.515 G8.686.785.760.363.492.500 Insemination, Artificial ... Chromosome Pairing G4.299.134.220.220.687.444.299 G4.299.134.220.220.687.883.250 G4.299.134.220.220.875.500.299 G4.299.134.220. ... Bacteriophage phi 6 B4.123.230.70 Badnavirus B4.715.68 Bahrain Z1.586.500.175 Balloon Embolectomy E5.157.32 Balloon Occlusion ... Purinergic P1 D12.776.543.750.810.700 Receptors, Purinergic P2 D12.776.543.750.810.720 Receptors, Purinergic P2X D12.776. ...
Publications - The Institute of Cancer Research, London
A phospho-peptide, P1, based on the Ca2+-dependent phosphosites of PKAr, binds Pf14-3-3I and disrupts assembly of the Pf14-3-3I ... The flagellotropic bacteriophage YSD1 targets Salmonella Typhi with a Chi‐like protein tail fibre. Molecular microbiology, Vol. ... Aneuploidy tolerance caused by BRG1 loss allows chromosome gains and recovery of fitness. , Vol.13. (1), p. 1731. show abstract ... Bacterial gene regulation has so far been investigated largely using exposure to artificial environmental conditions or to in ...
MUGAN'S BIOLOGY PAGE
Artificial Selection Ascaris Ase Asexual reproduction Aster. Astroidea Asymmetry Ate Atoms. ATP. Aud Auto Autosomal. Autotroph ... Bacteriophage. Base. Berries Bi Bilateral Symmetry Binary Fission Binominal Nomenclature Bio Biodiversity. Biome Biosphere ... Chromosomes. Circulation Circum Class Class Arachnida Class Chilopoda Class Diplopoda Class Insecta Cloaca Closed circulatory ... First Parental Generation [P1]. Fitness Flame cells Flowers Flukes Flying Adaptations. Fossils Four chambered heart Franseco ...
Product List
| BIOZOL
bacteriophage 933w (8) * bacteriophage h19b (8) * bacteriophage p1 (8) * bacteriophage t7 (16) ... This line was originally developed for use as a source of X chromosomes in a study of X inactivation (1) ... artificial (1) * aspergillus (68) * aspergillus clavatus (1) * aspergillus fumigatus (2) * aspergillus fumigatus (neosartorya ...