Chromosome banding. Medical search

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.

Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.

The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.

Structures within the nucleus of bacterial cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The orderly segregation of CHROMOSOMES during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

Structures within the nucleus of fungal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The medium-sized, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group C in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 and the X chromosome.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The alignment of CHROMOSOMES at homologous sequences.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of MAMMALS.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal chromosome constitution in which there is extra or missing chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment). (from Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 5th ed, p429)

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

The human female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in humans.

The large, metacentric human chromosomes, called group A in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 1, 2, and 3.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species.

One of the two pairs of human chromosomes in the group B class (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 4-5).

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The short, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group E in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 16, 17, and 18.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Chromosomes in which fragments of exogenous DNA ranging in length up to several hundred kilobase pairs have been cloned into yeast through ligation to vector sequences. These artificial chromosomes are used extensively in molecular biology for the construction of comprehensive genomic libraries of higher organisms.

The medium-sized, acrocentric human chromosomes, called group D in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 13, 14, and 15.

The co-inheritance of two or more non-allelic GENES due to their being located more or less closely on the same CHROMOSOME.

A type of chromosomal aberration involving DNA BREAKS. Chromosome breakage can result in CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; or SEQUENCE DELETION.

The short, acrocentric human chromosomes, called group G in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 21 and 22 and the Y chromosome.

Aberrant chromosomes with no ends, i.e., circular.

An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

The mechanisms of eukaryotic CELLS that place or keep the CHROMOSOMES in a particular SUBNUCLEAR SPACE.

The large, submetacentric human chromosomes, called group B in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 4 and 5.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A dosage compensation process occurring at an early embryonic stage in mammalian development whereby, at random, one X CHROMOSOME of the pair is repressed in the somatic cells of females.

The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA.

A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

Any cell, other than a ZYGOTE, that contains elements (such as NUCLEI and CYTOPLASM) from two or more different cells, usually produced by artificial CELL FUSION.

Structures which are contained in or part of CHROMOSOMES.

The short, metacentric human chromosomes, called group F in the human chromosome classification. This group consists of chromosome pairs 19 and 20.

The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).

The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

The total relative probability, expressed on a logarithmic scale, that a linkage relationship exists among selected loci. Lod is an acronym for "logarithmic odds."

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell.

The failure of homologous CHROMOSOMES or CHROMATIDS to segregate during MITOSIS or MEIOSIS with the result that one daughter cell has both of a pair of parental chromosomes or chromatids and the other has none.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, all elements, such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, required for successful replication, propagation to and maintainance in progeny human cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.

Large multiprotein complexes that bind the centromeres of the chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle during metaphase in the cell cycle.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

A terminal section of a chromosome which has a specialized structure and which is involved in chromosomal replication and stability. Its length is believed to be a few hundred base pairs.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A technique with which an unknown region of a chromosome can be explored. It is generally used to isolate a locus of interest for which no probe is available but that is known to be linked to a gene which has been identified and cloned. A fragment containing a known gene is selected and used as a probe to identify other overlapping fragments which contain the same gene. The nucleotide sequences of these fragments can then be characterized. This process continues for the length of the chromosome.

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.

A microtubule structure that forms during CELL DIVISION. It consists of two SPINDLE POLES, and sets of MICROTUBULES that may include the astral microtubules, the polar microtubules, and the kinetochore microtubules.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Susceptibility of chromosomes to breakage leading to translocation; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; SEQUENCE DELETION; or other CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE related aberrations.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Genetic loci associated with a QUANTITATIVE TRAIT.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

An aberration in which an extra chromosome or a chromosomal segment is made.

Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed of simple sequences (very short) (see MINISATELLITE REPEATS) repeated in tandem many times to form large blocks of sequence. Additionally, following the accumulation of mutations, these blocks of repeats have been repeated in tandem themselves. The degree of repetition is on the order of 1000 to 10 million at each locus. Loci are few, usually one or two per chromosome. They were called satellites since in density gradients, they often sediment as distinct, satellite bands separate from the bulk of genomic DNA owing to a distinct BASE COMPOSITION.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented twice. Symbol: 2N or 2X.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Either of the two longitudinally adjacent threads formed when a eukaryotic chromosome replicates prior to mitosis. The chromatids are held together at the centromere. Sister chromatids are derived from the same chromosome. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.

Extra large CHROMOSOMES, each consisting of many identical copies of a chromosome lying next to each other in parallel.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.

The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

The first phase of cell nucleus division, in which the CHROMOSOMES become visible, the CELL NUCLEUS starts to lose its identity, the SPINDLE APPARATUS appears, and the CENTRIOLES migrate toward opposite poles.

The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).

The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.

The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.

Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

The complete genetic complement contained in the DNA of a set of CHROMOSOMES in a HUMAN. The length of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs.

Examination of CHROMOSOMES to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. Following preparation of the sample, KARYOTYPING is performed and/or the specific chromosomes are analyzed.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular analysis of the CHROMOSOMES, and location of the GENES on chromosomes, and the movements of chromosomes during the CELL CYCLE.

The full set of CHROMOSOMES presented as a systematized array of METAPHASE chromosomes from a photomicrograph of a single CELL NUCLEUS arranged in pairs in descending order of size and according to the position of the CENTROMERE. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

Plasmids containing at least one cos (cohesive-end site) of PHAGE LAMBDA. They are used as cloning vehicles.

Specific loci that show up during KARYOTYPING as a gap (an uncondensed stretch in closer views) on a CHROMATID arm after culturing cells under specific conditions. These sites are associated with an increase in CHROMOSOME FRAGILITY. They are classified as common or rare, and by the specific culture conditions under which they develop. Fragile site loci are named by the letters "FRA" followed by a designation for the specific chromosome, and a letter which refers to which fragile site of that chromosome (e.g. FRAXA refers to fragile site A on the X chromosome. It is a rare, folic acid-sensitive fragile site associated with FRAGILE X SYNDROME.)

The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal sex chromosome constitution (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS), in which there is extra or missing sex chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment).

The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.

Genes that are located on the X CHROMOSOME.

Short tracts of DNA sequence that are used as landmarks in GENOME mapping. In most instances, 200 to 500 base pairs of sequence define a Sequence Tagged Site (STS) that is operationally unique in the human genome (i.e., can be specifically detected by the polymerase chain reaction in the presence of all other genomic sequences). The overwhelming advantage of STSs over mapping landmarks defined in other ways is that the means of testing for the presence of a particular STS can be completely described as information in a database.

Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

An aberrant form of human CHROMOSOME 22 characterized by translocation of the distal end of chromosome 9 from 9q34, to the long arm of chromosome 22 at 22q11. It is present in the bone marrow cells of 80 to 90 per cent of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE).

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.

PHENOTHIAZINES with an amino group at the 3-position that are green crystals or powder. They are used as biological stains.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Structures within the nucleus of archaeal cells consisting of or containing DNA, which carry genetic information essential to the cell.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

The locations in specific DNA sequences where CHROMOSOME BREAKS have occurred.

Overlapping of cloned or sequenced DNA to construct a continuous region of a gene, chromosome or genome.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype.

An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.

The chromosomal constitution of cells, in which each type of CHROMOSOME is represented once. Symbol: N.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

In the interphase nucleus, a condensed mass of chromatin representing an inactivated X chromosome. Each X CHROMOSOME, in excess of one, forms sex chromatin (Barr body) in the mammalian nucleus. (from King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The variable phenotypic expression of a GENE depending on whether it is of paternal or maternal origin, which is a function of the DNA METHYLATION pattern. Imprinted regions are observed to be more methylated and less transcriptionally active. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.

The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

The genetic complement of a plant (PLANTS) as represented in its DNA.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, elements such as a REPLICATION ORIGIN; TELOMERE; and CENTROMERE, that are required for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance in progeny cells. In addition, they are constructed to carry other sequences for analysis or gene transfer.

An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.

A characteristic symptom complex.

The stage in the first meiotic prophase, following ZYGOTENE STAGE, when CROSSING OVER between homologous CHROMOSOMES begins.

Slender, cylindrical filaments found in the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells. They are composed of the protein TUBULIN and are influenced by TUBULIN MODULATORS.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.

Genes that are located on the Y CHROMOSOME.

Chromosome regions that are loosely packaged and more accessible to RNA polymerases than HETEROCHROMATIN. These regions also stain differentially in CHROMOSOME BANDING preparations.

A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.

Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of plants.

A family of highly conserved serine-threonine kinases that are involved in the regulation of MITOSIS. They are involved in many aspects of cell division, including centrosome duplication, SPINDLE APPARATUS formation, chromosome alignment, attachment to the spindle, checkpoint activation, and CYTOKINESIS.

The mechanisms by which the SEX of an individual's GONADS are fixed.

A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The prophase of the first division of MEIOSIS (in which homologous CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION occurs). It is divided into five stages: leptonema, zygonema, PACHYNEMA, diplonema, and diakinesis.

A characteristic showing quantitative inheritance such as SKIN PIGMENTATION in humans. (From A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A method for ordering genetic loci along CHROMOSOMES. The method involves fusing irradiated donor cells with host cells from another species. Following cell fusion, fragments of DNA from the irradiated cells become integrated into the chromosomes of the host cells. Molecular probing of DNA obtained from the fused cells is used to determine if two or more genetic loci are located within the same fragment of donor cell DNA.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The presence of apparently similar characters for which the genetic evidence indicates that different genes or different genetic mechanisms are involved in different pedigrees. In clinical settings genetic heterogeneity refers to the presence of a variety of genetic defects which cause the same disease, often due to mutations at different loci on the same gene, a finding common to many human diseases including ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE DEFICIENCY, FAMILIAL; and POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASES. (Rieger, et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed; Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

Congenital conditions of atypical sexual development associated with abnormal sex chromosome constitutions including MONOSOMY; TRISOMY; and MOSAICISM.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/1355)

The evolution of alterations on chromosome 9, including the putative tumor suppressor genes mapped to the 9p21-22 region (the MTS genes), was studied in relation to the progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia by using whole organ superimposed histologic and genetic mapping in cystectomy specimens and was verified in urinary bladder tumors of various pathogenetic subsets with longterm follow-up. The applicability of chromosome 9 allelic losses as non-invasive markers of urothelial neoplasia was tested on voided urine and/or bladder washings of patients with urinary bladder cancer. Although sequential multiple hits in the MTS locus were documented in the development of intraurothelial precursor lesions, the MTS genes do not seem to represent a major target for p21-23 deletions in bladder cancer. Two additional tumor suppressor genes involved in bladder neoplasia located distally and proximally to the MTS locus within p22-23 and p11-13 regions respectively were identified. Several distinct putative tumor suppressor gene loci within the q12-13, q21-22, and q34 regions were identified on the q arm. In particular, the pericentromeric q12-13 area may contain the critical tumor suppressor gene or genes for the development of early urothelial neoplasia. Allelic losses of chromosome 9 were associated with expansion of the abnormal urothelial clone which frequently involved large areas of urinary bladder mucosa. These losses could be found in a high proportion of urothelial tumors and in voided urine or bladder washing samples of nearly all patients with urinary bladder carcinoma. (+info)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (2/1355)

We report the cloning and characterization of a novel member of the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) gene family, human TIF1gamma. Similar to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, the structure of TIF1beta is characterized by multiple domains: RING finger, B boxes, Coiled coil, PHD/TTC, and bromodomain. Although structurally related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, TIF1gamma presents several functional differences. In contrast to TIF1alpha, but like TIF1beta, TIF1 does not interact with nuclear receptors in yeast two-hybrid or GST pull-down assays and does not interfere with retinoic acid response in transfected mammalian cells. Whereas TIF1alpha and TIF1beta were previously found to interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 and with the HP1alpha, MODI (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma) heterochromatinic proteins, suggesting that they may participate in a complex involved in heterochromatin-induced gene repression, TIF1gamma does not interact with either the KRAB domain of KOX1 or the HP1 proteins. Nevertheless, TIF1gamma, like TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, exhibits a strong silencing activity when tethered to a promoter. Since deletion of a novel motif unique to the three TIF1 proteins, called TIF1 signature sequence (TSS), abrogates transcriptional repression by TIF1gamma, this motif likely participates in TIF1 dependent repression. (+info)

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and autoimmune thyroiditis in a boy with a ring chromosome 18: additional evidence of autoimmunity or IDDM gene(s) on chromosome 18. (3/1355)

A 4 year 3 month old boy with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), autoimmune thyroiditis, slight mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, and a de novo ring chromosome 18 (deletion 18q22.3-18qter) is described. This unique association of defects could represent a chance association. Alternatively, the clinical features could be the result of the chromosomal aberration. If so, one could speculate that a gene or genes on chromosome 18 might act as a suppressor or activator of the autoimmune process by itself or in concert with other IDDM loci. (+info)

Spectral karyotype analysis of T-cell acute leukemia. (4/1355)

Analysis of 15 cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with spectral karyotyping (SKY), which can identify all chromosomes simultaneously, clarified the chromosome rearrangements in 3 cases and confirmed them in 11 others; no abnormal cells were identified in 1 case, which had only 10% abnormal cells. Five of the latter cases had a normal karyotype. Thus, the use of SKY substantially improves the precision of karyotype analysis of malignant cells, which in turn leads to a more accurate assessment of the genotypic abnormalities in those cells. (+info)

Cloning and characterization of a secreted frizzled-related protein that is expressed by the retinal pigment epithelium. (5/1355)

The Wnt/frizzled cell signaling pathway has been implicated in the determination of polarity in a number of systems, including the Drosophila retina. The vertebrate retina develops from an undifferentiated neuroepithelium into an organized and laminated structure that demonstrates a high degree of polarity at both the tissue and cellular levels. In the process of searching for molecules that are preferentially expressed by the vertebrate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), we identified secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), a member of the SFRP family that appears to act by modulating Wnt signal transduction. SFRP5 is highly expressed by RPE cells, and is also expressed in the pancreas. Within the retina, the related molecule SFRP2 is expressed specifically by cells of the inner nuclear layer. Thus, photoreceptors are likely to be bathed by two opposing gradients of SFRP molecules. Consistent with SFRP5 's postulated role in modulating Wnt signaling in the retina, it inhibits the ability of Xwnt-8 mRNA to induce axis duplication in Xenopus embryos. The human SFRP5 gene consists of three coding exons and it maps to chromosome 10q24.1; human SFRP2 maps to 4q31.3. Based on the biology and complementary expression patterns of SFRP2 and SFRP5, we suggest that they may be involved in determining the polarity of photoreceptor, and perhaps other, cells in the retina. (+info)

Generation and characterization of human smooth muscle cell lines derived from atherosclerotic plaque. (6/1355)

The study of atherogenesis in humans has been restricted by the limited availability and brief in vitro life span of plaque smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We describe plaque SMC lines with extended life spans generated by the expression of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 E6 and E7 genes, which has been shown to extend the life span of normal adult human aortic SMCs. Resulting cell lines (pdSMC1A and 2) demonstrated at least 10-fold increases in life span; pdSMC1A became immortal. The SMC identity of both pdSMC lines was confirmed by SM22 mRNA expression. pdSMC2 were generally diploid but with various structural and numerical alterations; pdSMC1A demonstrated several chromosomal abnormalities, most commonly -Y, +7, -13, anomalies previously reported in both primary pdSMCs and atherosclerotic tissue. Confluent pdSMC2 appeared grossly similar to HPV-16 E6/E7-expressing normal adult aortic SMCs (AASMCs), exhibiting typical SMC morphology/growth patterns; pdSMC1A displayed irregular cell shape/organization with numerous mitotic figures. Dedifferentiation to a synthetic/proliferative phenotype has been hypothesized as a critical step in atherogenesis, because rat neonatal SMCs and adult intimal SMCs exhibit similar gene expression patterns. To confirm that our pdSMC lines likewise express this apparent plaque phenotype, osteopontin, platelet-derived growth factor B, and elastin mRNA levels were determined in pdSMC1A, pdSMC2, and AASMCs. However, no significant increases in osteopontin or platelet-derived growth factor B expression levels were observed in either pdSMC compared with AASMCs. pdSMC2 alone expressed high levels of elastin mRNA. Lower levels of SM22 mRNA in pdSMC1A suggested greater dedifferentiation and/or additional population doublings in pdSMC1A relative to pdSMC2. Both pdSMC lines (particularly 1A) demonstrated high message levels for matrix Gla protein, previously reported to be highly expressed by human neointimal SMCs in vitro. These results describe 2 novel plaque cell lines exhibiting various features of plaque SMC biology; pdSMC2 may represent an earlier plaque SMC phenotype, whereas pdSMC1A may be representative of cells comprising an advanced atherosclerotic lesion. (+info)

Localization of single- and low-copy sequences on tomato synaptonemal complex spreads using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (7/1355)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful means by which single- and low-copy DNA sequences can be localized on chromosomes. Compared to the mitotic metaphase chromosomes that are normally used in FISH, synaptonemal complex (SC) spreads (hypotonically spread pachytene chromosomes) have several advantages. SC spreads (1) are comparatively free of debris that can interfere with probe penetration, (2) have relatively decondensed chromatin that is highly accessible to probes, and (3) are about ten times longer than their metaphase counterparts, which permits FISH mapping at higher resolution. To investigate the use of plant SC spreads as substrates for single-copy FISH, we probed spreads of tomato SCs with two single-copy sequences and one low-copy sequence (ca. 14 kb each) that are associated with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers on SC 11. Individual SCs were identified on the basis of relative length, arm ratio, and differential staining patterns after combined propidium iodide (PI) and 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. In this first report of single-copy FISH to SC spreads, the probe sequences were unambiguously mapped on the long arm of tomato SC 11. Coupled with data from earlier studies, we determined the distance in micrometers, the number of base pairs, and the rates of crossing over between these three FISH markers. We also observed that the order of two of the FISH markers is reversed in relation to their order on the molecular linkage map. SC-FISH mapping permits superimposition of markers from molecular linkage maps directly on pachytene chromosomes and thereby contributes to our understanding of the relationship between chromosome structure, gene activity, and recombination. (+info)

Isolation and mapping of a putative b subunit of human ATP synthase (ATP-BL) from human leukocytes. (8/1355)

From a human-leukocyte cDNA library, we cloned cDNA encoding a novel protein, which has a significant homology with the b subunit of ATP synthase (proton-transporting ATPase, F1F0-ATPase; EC3.6.1.34) derived from Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. The cDNA has an open reading frame of 1314 nucleotides corresponding to 438 amino acids. The coding sequence was 37.9% identical over 57 amino acid with b subunit of ATP synthase. The 34-amino-acid region of the predicted peptide sequence displays a coiled-coil motif that could form a complex with some other protein(s). We designated this novel gene as ATP-BL because of its homology to the b subunit of ATP synthase. The ATP-BL locus was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and radiation hybrid mapping to the q24 region of chromosome 16. (+info)

Therefore, techniques like G‑banding were developed that made "bands" appear on the chromosomes. These bands were the same in ... The less condensed the chromosomes are, the more bands appear when G-banding. This means that the different chromosomes are ... and these regions appear as light bands in G-banding. The pattern of bands are numbered on each arm of the chromosome from the ... This numbering system allows any band on the chromosome to be identified and described precisely. The reverse of G‑bands is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_banding

"High resolution bands in maize chromosomes by G-banding methods". Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 80 (2): 265-72. doi:10.1007 ... To perform G-banding, chromosomes must be fixed, and thus it is not possible to perform on living cells. Fluorescent stains ... G-banding was fully realized for plant chromosomes in 1990. During both meiotic and mitotic prophase, giemsa staining can be ... The giemsa G-banding technique is commonly used to identify mammalian chromosomes, but utilizing the technology on plant cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophase

This chromosome banding technique eventually became known as the Q-banding technique. With this technique, she discovered the ... first chromosome band in the Y-chromosome of a human cell. After her discovery and the acceptance of the Q-banding technique by ... Unlike many of her colleagues, Zech firmly believed that human chromosomes, similar to plant chromosomes, had different bands. ... She discovered that staining chromosomes with quinacrine makes the bands on the chromosome exhibit fluorescence when exposed to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lore_Zech

R-banding is a cytogenetics technique that produces the reverse of the G-band stain on chromosomes. R-banding is obtained by ... Resulting chromosome patterns shows darkly stained R bands, the complement to G-bands. Darkly colored R bands are guanine- ... The technique is useful for analyzing genetic deletions or chromosomal translocations that involve the telomeres of chromosomes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R‑banding

Tate G, Satoh H, Endo Y, Mitsuya T (2000). "Assignment of desert hedgehog (DHH) to human chromosome bands 12q12→q13.1 by in ... The human homolog (DHH) is on chromosome band 12q13.1. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in cell signaling. The ... to chromosome band 12q13.1 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 87 (1-2): 117-8. doi:10.1159/000015376. PMID ... v t e (Genes on human chromosome 12, Protein pages needing a picture, Human gene pages with Wikidata item, Wikipedia articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_hedgehog_(protein)

... one chromosome may have a piece of another chromosome inserted within it, creating extra bands. Or, a portion of a chromosome ... Chromosome microdissection is a specialized way of isolating these regions by removing the DNA from the band and making that ... They are able to identify each chromosome based on its unique pattern of dark and light bands. Certain abnormalities, however, ... Chromosome microdissection is a technique that physically removes a large section of DNA from a complete chromosome. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_microdissection

Chromosome banding studies in the Bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus, Aves, Accipitridae). Chromosome research: an international ... Chromosome banding studies have also found a relatively recent genetic relationship of the bateleurs with the Old World ... The latter may include live prey species including several species of mongoose, from dwarf to banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) ... shorter and differently shaped wings with the tips of wings reaching its banded tail. Even the black-chested and the rather ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateleur

... having 62 chromosomes. Q-band analysis showed no Y chromosome. From a morphological point of view, electron microscopy revealed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC3

April 2008). "Duplication of chromosome band 12q24.11q24.23 results in apparent Noonan syndrome". American Journal of Medical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noonan_syndrome

"Localization of the human coproporphyrinogen oxidase gene to chromosome band 3q12". Human Genetics. 94 (5): 557-9. doi:10.1007/ ... Human CPOX is a mitochondrial enzyme encoded by a 14 kb CPOX gene containing seven exons located on chromosome 3 at q11.2. CPOX ... Genes on human chromosome, Use dmy dates from April 2017, Protein families). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coproporphyrinogen_III_oxidase

The gene has 7 exons and locates at chromosome band 1p34.2. The human protein proteasome subunit beta type-2 is 23 kDa in size ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 1). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB2

Hecht BK, Hecht F, Münke M (Jul 1991). "Forebrain cleavage gene causing holoprosencephaly: deletion mapping to chromosome band ... Genes on human chromosome 2, Transcription factors, Developmental neuroscience). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIX3

The gene has 7 exons and locates at chromosome band 1q21. The human protein proteasome subunit beta type-2 is 23 kDa in size ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 1). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB4

The Npas2 gene resides on chromosome 2 at the band q13. The gene is 176,679 bases long and contains 25 exons. The predicted 824 ... The Npas2 gene has been found to reside on chromosome 1 at 17.98 centimorgans and is 169,505 bases long. The NPAS2 protein is a ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 2, Wikipedia articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPAS2

Perticone, P.; Rizzoni, M.; Palitti, F.; Di Chiara, P. (1974). "Banding patterns of the chromosomes of the rhesus monkey ( ... The X chromosome has three times more rearrangements than other chromosomes. The macaque gained 1,358 genes by duplication.[ ... The PRAME family has 26 members on human chromosome 1. In the macaque, it has eight, and has been very simple and stable for ... Lee, Z.H.; Ang, A.; Ruppert, N. (26 August 2021). "First record of interspecies grooming between Raffles' banded langur and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhesus_macaque

The gene has 5 exons and locates at chromosome band 14q11.2. The human protein proteasome subunit beta type-5 is 22 kDa in size ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 14). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB5

The gene has 6 exons and locates at chromosome band 6q27. The human protein proteasome subunit beta type-1 is 26.5 kDa in size ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 6). ... subunits of human proteasomes map to chromosomes 6q27 and 7p12-p13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Genomics. 27 (2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB1

2010). Chromosome analysis by GTG banding technique in the DongGyeongi dogs. Korean Journal of Veterinary Service. 33. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donggyeongi

... is located on human chromosome band 16q12.1. The gene consists of seven exons and is highly expressed in both the brain ... Genes on human chromosome 16, Human gene pages with Wikidata item, Transcription factors, All stub articles, Human chromosome ... July 2007). "Common variants on chromosomes 2q35 and 16q12 confer susceptibility to estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOX3

ISBN 978-0-471-35015-6. Mäkinen A, Kuokkanen MT, Valtonen M (1986). "A chromosome-banding study in the Finnish and the Japanese ... Rofe RH (December 1978). "G-banded chromosomes and the evolution of macropodidae". Australian Mammalogy. 2: 50-63. ISSN 0310- ... As other non-human extant hominidae have 48 chromosomes it is believed that the human chromosome 2 is the result of the merging ... It shows 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the two sex chromosomes, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_organisms_by_chromosome_count

... is a chromosome band and genetic marker situated at the tip of the X chromosome which has been studied since at least 1980 ... "A Compositional Map of Human Chromosome Band Xq28". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ... The band contains three distinct regions, totaling about 8 Mbp of genetic information. The marker came to the public eye in ... Polymorphisms of genetic markers of the X chromosome were analyzed for 40 families to see if a specific marker was shared by a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xq28

The gene is found on chromosome 17 on the cytogenetic band 17p11.2. This gene has two paralog in the human genome, LOC201158, ... which is located on chromosome 17 at 17p12, and TVP23A, which is located on chromosome 16. The duplication appears to have ... It is located on Chromosome 17 at 18,684,582-18,710,026, and the most common mRNA has 7 exons. This gene encode a protein of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAM18B1

The human ASH1L gene spans 227.5 kb on chromosome 1, band q22. This region is rearranged in a variety of human cancers such as ... is a histone-lysine N-methyltransferase enzyme encoded by the ASH1L gene located at chromosomal band 1q22. ASH1L is the human ... Genes on human chromosome 1, Enzymes, Genes, Methylation). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASH1L

"Assignment of WNT7B to human chromosome band 22q13 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 77 (3-4): 288-289 ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 22, All stub articles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNT7B

... it occurs when an individual has an extra chromosome composed of pieces of the 11th and 22nd chromosomes. G-banding ideograms ... Chromosome 22 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in human cells. Humans normally have two copies of chromosome 22 in each ... Chromosome 22 was the first human chromosome to be fully sequenced. Human chromosomes are numbered by their apparent size in ... "Chromosome 22: Chromosome summary - Homo sapiens". Ensembl Release 88. 29 March 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2017. "Human chromosome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_22

"The human homolog of the myeloproliferative virus maps to chromosome band 1p34". Hum. Genet. 83 (2): 194-6. doi:10.1007/ ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 1, Wikipedia articles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombopoietin_receptor

"Tissue-specific cancer-related serpin gene cluster at human chromosome band 3q26". Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer. 29 (3): 240-55 ... The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: I04.026 v t e (Genes on human chromosome 3, All stub articles, ... Chromosomes & Cancer. 22 (3): 179-85. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199807)22:3. 3.0.CO;2-T. PMID 9624529. S2CID 9525421. "Entrez ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERPINI2

Duval A, Busson-Leconiat M, Berger R, Hamelin R (2000). "Assignment of the TCF-4 gene (TCF7L2) to human chromosome band 10q25.3 ... The TCF7L2 gene is located on chromosome 10q25.2-q25.3, contains 19 exons. As a member of the TCF family, TCF7L2 can form a ... April 1999). "Linkage of type 2 diabetes mellitus and of age at onset to a genetic location on chromosome 10q in Mexican ... The TCF7L2 gene, encoding the TCF7L2 protein, is located on chromosome 10q25.2-q25.3. The gene contains 19 exons. Of the 19 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCF7L2

"The interrelationships of chromosome banding patterns in canids, mustelids, hyena, and felids". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics ... the red fox has 34 metacentric chromosomes and from 0 to 8 small B chromosomes, the raccoon dog has 42 chromosomes, and the ... When the differences in number and arrangement of chromosomes is too great, hybridization becomes less and less likely. Other ... such as Y chromosomes from the gray wolves in the southern coyotes. In one cryptozoological investigation on a corpse of what ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canid_hybrid

ISBN 978-0-520-24638-6. Wurster-Hill, D. H.; Centerwall, W. R. (1982). "The interrelationships of chromosome banding patterns ... The wolf-like canids are a group of large carnivores that are genetically closely related because they all have 78 chromosomes ... As they possess 78 chromosomes, all members of the genus Canis are karyologically indistinguishable from each other, and from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackal

The CMTM5 gene is located in band 11.2 on the long (i.e. "q") arm of chromosome 14. The CMTM5 isoforms are members of the CKLF- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKLF-like_MARVEL_transmembrane_domain-containing_5

Both syndromes are associated with loss of the chromosomal region 15q11-13 (band 11 of the long arm of chromosome 15). This ... on mouse chromosome 17 and KCNQ1OT1 on human chromosome 11p15.5, have been shown to be essential for the imprinting of genes in ... but do depend on which parent the chromosome originated from. This group of epigenetic changes that depend on the chromosome's ... Imprinting of whole chromosomes has been reported in mealybugs (Genus: Pseudococcus) and a fungus gnat (Sciara). It has also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic_imprinting

A pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 17. The human gene PSMD7 has 7 Exons and locates at chromosome band 16q22.3. The ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 16). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD7

... to human chromosome band 15q21.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 81 (3-4): 292-3. doi:10.1159/ ... v t e (Genes on human chromosome 15, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the United States National Library of Medicine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_long-chain_acyl-CoA_synthetase

The new cells typically will have too many or too few chromosomes. The odd number of chromosomes causes the defective cells to ... Cytogenetic preparations that have been stained by either Giemsa or C-banding techniques will show two characteristic ... Chromosomes that have HR experience separation of the heterochromatic regions during metaphase. Chromosomes with these two ... As a result, the chromosomes do not get lined up properly, which causes the cell to divide very slowly or even to not divide at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_syndrome

... trisomy 3q Chromosome 3, trisomy 3q13 2 q25 Chromosome 3, Trisomy 3q2 Chromosome 4 - Chromosome 5 Chromosome 4 ring Chromosome ... malformations Congenital cardiovascular shunt Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome Congenital constricting band ... Chromosome 7 Chromosome 6 ring Chromosome 6, deletion 6q13 q15 Chromosome 6, monosomy 6p23 Chromosome 6, monosomy 6q Chromosome ... trisomy 2q Chromosome 2, trisomy 2q37 Chromosome 20 - Chromosome 22 Chromosome 20 ring Chromosome 20, deletion 20p Chromosome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

Only fertilised queens can lay diploid eggs (one set of chromosomes from a drone, one from the queen) that mature into workers ... Flight of the Bumblebee Flight of the Bumblebee performed by the US Army Band Problems playing this file? See media help. The ... Other bees in California include a group of species all banded black and yellow. In each case, Müllerian mimicry provides the ... Their thorax muscles do not contract on each nerve firing, but rather vibrate like a plucked rubber band. This is efficient, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebee

Chechnya and Tatarstan I. Nasidze, E. Y. S. Ling, D. Quinque et al., "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the ... Band I, Strassburg, 1932, p. 29. The anthropology of Chechens and Ingush is somewhat different. The Ingush belong to the ... 2001), while the Y chromosome indicated a closer relationship with West Asia (Nasidze et al. 2003). A 2004 study of the mtDNA ... "Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Caucasus", Annals of Human Genetics (2004) "V.A. Potto. Kavkazskaya voyna v ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechens

... (Chromosome 17 Open Reading Frame 78) is found on the long arm cytogenetic band 17q12. The genomic sequence spans from ... "C17orf78 chromosome 17 open reading frame 78 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-30 ... The name denotes the location of the parent gene, being at the 78th open reading frame, on the 17th human chromosome. The ... "Homo sapiens chromosome 17 open reading frame 78 (C17orf78), transcript variant 1, mRNA". 2020-04-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C17orf78

The LDLR gene resides on chromosome 19 at the band 19p13.2 and is split into 18 exons. Exon 1 contains a signal sequence that ... In humans, the LDL receptor protein is encoded by the LDLR gene on chromosome 19. It belongs to the low density lipoprotein ... Genes on human chromosome 19, All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Low- ... "Assignment of the human gene for the low density lipoprotein receptor to chromosome 19: synteny of a receptor, a ligand, and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor

By pairing chromosomes of similar genomes, the chance for these recessive alleles to pair and become homozygous greatly ... Banded mongoose females regularly mate with their fathers and brothers. Bed bugs: North Carolina State University found that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding

In: Deutsches Geschlechterbuch Band 207 (56. Allgemeiner Band), C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg 1998, S. 227-242. International ... Together with Walther Flemming and Edouard van Beneden, he elucidated chromosome distribution during cell division. His work on ... Band 8. V&R unipress, 2016 (hdl.handle.net). Strasburger, Eduard; Fritz Noll; Heinrich Schenck; Andreas Franz Wilhelm Schimper ... Family Tree maintained by great-great-grandniece Elonka Dunin Deutsches Geschlechterbuch Band 207. C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Strasburger

... an orange vertebral band and a narrow yellow margin; carapace more uniform in the adult; plastron orange or red, with black ... and 22 acrocentric and telocentric chromosomes Males are brighter in color than females, and have long, thick tails with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_roofed_turtle

... "found this band playing as a five-member band for the first time and they really bent creativity in metal in new directions ... Standout song would have to be the epic 'Broken Chromosomes,' which is a touching song about mistreated kids that are mentally ... Nobody has ever sounded like this band. I mean, Between the Buried and Me and maybe System of a Down are the closest in ... After the release of Stop the Bleeding in 1990, the band caught Metal Blade Records' attention. Metal Blade Records released ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psycho_Surgery

... localized to band 5q31-32), which encodes the serine protease inhibitor LEKTI (lymphoepithelial Kazal-type-related inhibitor). ... "Localization of the Netherton syndrome gene to chromosome 5q32, by linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping". The American ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichorrhexis_invaginata

Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 2 and 12. The gene has 6 exons and locates at chromosome band 17q12. The human ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB3

v t e (CS1: long volume value, Genes on human chromosome 1, Armadillo-repeat-containing proteins, All stub articles, Protein ... Hatzfeld M, Kristjansson GI, Plessmann U, Weber K (1995). "Band 6 protein, a major constituent of desmosomes from stratified ... band 6 protein)". Differentiation. 58 (2): 113-31. doi:10.1046/j.1432-0436.1995.5820113.x. PMID 7890138. McGrath JA, McMillan ... genes map to human chromosomes 1q and 17, respectively". Hum Genet. 100 (3-4): 486-8. doi:10.1007/s004390050539. PMID 9272178. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plakophilin-1

... is a contiguous gene syndrome involving the microduplication of band 11.2 on the short arm of human chromosome 17 (17p11.2). ... In mice of the subfamily Murinae, a 32-34cM region of chromosome 11 is syntenic to 17p11.2, meaning that they contain the same ... The duplication involved in PTLS is usually large enough to be detected through G-banding alone, though there is a high false ... Chromosome nomenclature Low copy repeats Potocki, Lorraine; Bi, Weimin; Treadwell-Deering, Diane; Carvalho, Claudia M.B.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potocki–Lupski_syndrome

... genes for the alpha and gamma subunits of the mast cell receptor for immunoglobulin E are located on human chromosome band 1q23 ... v t e v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 1, Fc receptors, ... Walsh MT, Divane A, Whitehead AS (1996). "Fine mapping of the human pentraxin gene region on chromosome 1q23". Immunogenetics. ... All stub articles, Human chromosome 1 gene stubs, Immunology stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FCER1A

Other variants are less functional and are termed A-L and N-Z, dependent on whether they run proximal or distal to the M band. ... Another name used is alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI). The gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 14 (14q32.1). Over ... In blood test results, the IEF results are notated as in PiMM, where Pi stands for protease inhibitor and "MM" is the banding ... The presence of deviant bands on IEF can signify the presence of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Since the number of identified ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-1_antitrypsin

1993). "CRK proto-oncogene maps to human chromosome band 17p13". Oncogene. 8 (10): 2853-5. PMID 8378094. Smit L, van der Horst ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 17, CS1: long volume value, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_molecule_crk

Itoh, Y; Melamed, E; Yang, X; Kampf, K; Wang, S; Yehya, N; Van Nas, A; Replogle, K; Band, MR; Clayton, DF; Schadt, EE; Lusis, ... of the Y chromosome during meiosis. Additionally, 10-25% of human X chromosome genes, and 3-7% of mouse X chromosome genes ... A recent study revealed that four platypus X chromosomes, as well as a Y chromosome, are homologous to some regions on the ... Though these RNAs bind at specific sites along the male X chromosome, their effects spread along the length of the chromosome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-chromosome_dosage_compensation

They are deeply reticulate (i.e. net-like). The chromosome number is 2n = 30. The plant is present in tropical and subtropical ... of the centre-most stamen has a broad transverse band of violet. The spathes are solitary, borne on a peduncle and typically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commelina_diffusa

Eukaryotic chromosome fine structure G banding Gene mapping Genome evolution Happy mapping In situ hybridization, the technique ... have similar chromosomes but with increasing distance chromosomes tend to break and fuse and thus result in mosaic chromosomes ... FISH can be used to study the evolution of chromosomes. Species that are related have similar chromosomes. This homology can be ... Probes that hybridize along an entire chromosome are used to count the number of a certain chromosome, show translocations, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

Differences between the X chromosome and Y chromosome versions of the amelogenin gene (AMELX and AMELY respectively) enable it ... Two bands of DNA, at 555 bps and 371 bps, are resolved if both the AMELX and AMELY versions of the gene are present (i.e. the ... on the X chromosome, and also the AMELY gene in males, on the Y chromosome. They are involved in amelogenesis, the development ... located on the X and Y chromosomes at Xp22.1-Xp22.3 and Yp 11.2 [5]. The amelogenin gene's location on sex chromosomes has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelogenin

1, 8-9. "[O]ur findings confirmed that the Xiongnu had a strongly admixed mitochondrial and Y-chromosome gene pools and ... they purposely divide suddenly into scattered bands and attack, rushing about in disorder here and there, dealing terrific ... 12 November 2019). "Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian ... 12 November 2019). "Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huns

A child with multiple anomalies, smooth muscle hamartoma, and familial paracentric inversion of chromosome 7q". J Am Acad ... or bands, on the forearms, lower legs, and often the neck that are present at birth. The creases disappear later in life. They ... familial constriction bands during infancy and early childhood in four generations". Am J Med Genet. 45 (3): 370-2. doi:10.1002 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michelin_tire_baby_syndrome

... to human chromosome band 14q24.2→q24.3 by in situ hybridization". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 84 (1-2): 73-74. doi:10.1159/000015218 ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genes on human chromosome 14, Selenoproteins, All ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIO2

In birds, the cock has two X chromosomes and the hen has one X and one Y chromosome. So in hens whichever allele is present on ... In the Opaline this clear band is present on every flight feather and is much broader. Only the distal half of the flight ... The Opaline mutation is sex-linked, the locus of its gene being carried on the X chromosome. It is recessive to wild-type. The ... The Opaline gene is linked to other genes located on the X chromosome, i.e. to the genes of other sex-linked mutations. These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opaline_budgerigar_mutation

Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of ... methods (en) > techniques (en) > laboratory techniques (en) > chromosome banding (en) methods (en) > techniques (en) > genetic ... Differential staining of chromosomes in such a way that light and dark areas occur along the length of the chromosomes in ... Identical diagramme de bandes (électrophorétiques); configuration de bandes (électrophorétiques) implies chromosome homology. ...

https://agrovoc.uniroma2.it/agrovoc/agrovoc/en/page/?clang=la&uri=c_32403

The chromosome band track represents the approximate location of bands seen on Giemsa-stained chromosomes. ... Chromosome Bands Based On Microscopy (. All Mapping and Sequencing tracks). Display mode: hide. dense. squish. pack. full. ... Band lengths are typically estimated based on FISH or other molecular markers interpreted via microscopy. Credits. We would ...

https://genome-euro.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTrackUi?hgsid=279638769_JRWFZba4idnXqua6QbFal8ZRvFIm&g=cytoBand&hgTracksConfigPage=configure

Chromosome Band. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. Chromosome Bands Localized by FISH Mapping Clones. ... Display chromosome ideogram above main graphic. Show light blue vertical guidelines, or light red vertical window separators in ... Chromosome position in bases. (Clicks here zoom in 3x). p14 updated Fix Patches. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. Reference ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?hgsid=1507993607_M8ENK0LFL2GPp4PkVenuqPjlaZix&hgTracksConfigPage=configure

... index of column with chromosome arms annotation -b band, --bands-col band [int] index of column with bands annotation (names) - ... Chromosome bands data. The required input format for chromosome bands data is a JSON string composed of a dictionary with a " ... The pattern of bands makes each chromosome unique. The ideogram shows the set of chromosomes of varying lengths, every split ... and so all chromosomes will consist of a single arm. If you do NOT specify the band. column, names of bands will be created ...

https://bioinformaticsworkbook.org/dataVisualization/Plotly/01-ideogram-chromosome-bands.html

Extended banding chromosome studies. These types of studies are also known as high resolution chromosome studies. These studies ... FISH can be used to find chromosome abnormalities that may not show up in an extended banding chromosome study. ... Medical Genetics: Chromosome Studies. What are chromosome studies?. Chromosomes are stick-shaped structures in the middle of ... Special tests called chromosome studies can look at chromosomes to see what type of problem a person has. Chromosome studies ...

https://www.uhhospitals.org/locations/primary-care/uh-rainbow-madison-pediatrics/health-and-wellness-library/diseases-and-conditions/article/pediatric-diseases-and-conditions-v0/medical-genetics-chromosome-studies

In the genus Anopheles the rRNA genes are localized on the heterochromatic arm of both sex chromosomes. The association between ... In these species ribosomal genes are often found within or adjacent to heterochromatic regions (C bands). Differences in the ... rRNA genes and sex determining chromosomes also applies to the homomorphic karyotype of Culicinae mosquitoes, at least in those ... was used to localize the 18S-28S ribosomal RNA gene clusters on the chromosomes of 15 mosquito species belonging to the ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/hdy199483?error=cookies_not_supported&code=1df78066-b681-43ec-9b22-7cbed8b0566e

Visual classification of banded human chromosomes. I. Karyotyping compared with classification of isolated chromosomes. ... On fully automatic feature measurement for banded chromosome classification. scientific article published on 01 May 1989 ... Automatic classification of chromosomes as part of a routine system for clinical analysis. ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69598381

C-banding identified blocks of telomeric heterochromatin on seven chromosome pairs. The NORs were situated on the p arms of the ... were revealed by means of conventional banding protocols (C, CMA3, AgNOR). The diploid chromosome number (2n) in this species ... These chromosome characteristics may suggest a paleo-allotetraploid origin of C. carassius genome. ... 14th pair of submetacentric chromosomes and on the p arms of the 32nd pair of subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes; AgNOR-positive ...

https://compcytogen.pensoft.net/article/1797

Assignment of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) gene to human chromosome band 2p23. In: Genomics. 1998 ; Vol. 52, No. ... Assignment of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) gene to human chromosome band 2p23. Genomics. 1998 Sep 1;52(2):242-244 ... Assignment of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) gene to human chromosome band 2p23. / Carapeti, Melina; Aguiar, ... title = "Assignment of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) gene to human chromosome band 2p23", ...

https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/assignment-of-the-steroid-receptor-coactivator-1-src-1-gene-to-hu

... the number of C-banded autosomes, 2) the C-banding on the X sex chromosome, and 3) the DNA content (Figures 2 and 3, Tables 1 ... Chromosome Preparations and Banding Procedures. Gonads (testes and ovaries) from adult insects (occasionally fifth-stage nymphs ... The diploid chromosome number of T. infestans is 22, including 10 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (XY in males ... Interstitial C-bands were exceptional. Each specimen exhibited a specific C-banding pattern, without intraindividual variation ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/3/02-0812

Conventional GTG-banded chromosome analysis revealed a normal (46,XX) result. Subsequ … ... Conventional GTG-banded chromosome analysis revealed a normal (46,XX) result. Subsequent analysis by fluorescent in situ ... The deletion of 1p36.3 is difficult to identify by banding alone; indeed, our patient represents the third reported case with a ... screening of patients with multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndromes suggestive of autosomal chromosome ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10215549/?dopt=Abstract

Chromosome Band. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. deCODE Recomb. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. ENCODE Pilot. hide. dense. ...

https://genome.cse.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?hgsid=1507225173_CRvFs87RnEfmdJ2FzV9RMyaaexAv&db=hg19&position=lastDbPos

Assignment of SLC6A9 to human chromosome band 1p33 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet. 1995; 71(3):211. ... Assignment of SLC6A9 to human chromosome band 1p33 by in situ hybridization.. ...

https://profiles.uchicago.edu/profiles/display/936641

... locus KCNJ1 on chromosome bands 11q24-25). (See the second image below.) Numerous mutations have been identified at those sites ... locus SLC12A1 on chromosome bands 15q15-21). (See the first image below.) Type II results from mutations in the ROMK gene ( ... The disorder results from mutations in MAGED2, a gene on the X chromosome that encodes melanoma-associated antigen D2 (MAGE-D2 ... Bartter and Gitelman syndromes are autosomal recessive disorders; ie, mutations are required on each allele in the chromosome ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/238670-184862/what-causes-bartter-syndrome

Chromosome. 3. Comments. FlyBase Insertion: P{RS3}tna[CB-0503-3]. DrosDel FRT insertion: CB-0503-3 ...

https://kyotofly.kit.jp/cgi-bin/stocks/search_res_det.cgi?DG_NUM=123209

Standard karyotype and nomenclature system for description of chromosome bands and structural aberrations in wheat (Triticum ...

https://wgrc.k-state.edu/publications/standard-karyotype-and-nomenclature-system-for-description-of-chromosome-bands-and-structural-aberrations-in-wheat-triticum-aestivum/

Categories: Chromosome Banding Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Chromosome+Banding&parentid=37542&catid=6357

Chromosome Band. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. deCODE Recomb. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. ENCODE Pilot. hide. dense. ...

http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=hg19&position=chr16:71446280-71446430

CHRO and dCTCF were artificially recruited into highly compacted polytene chromosome bands that share the features of silent ... CHRO and dCTCF were artificially recruited into highly compacted polytene chromosome bands that share the features of silent ... CHRO and dCTCF were artificially recruited into highly compacted polytene chromosome bands that share the features of silent ... CHRO and dCTCF were artificially recruited into highly compacted polytene chromosome bands that share the features of silent ...

https://research.nsu.ru/ru/publications/tethering-of-chromator-and-dctcf-proteins-results-in-decompaction

... populations of tumor cells persist characterized by a high frequency of definite chromosome patterns specific to the kind of ... Cytological investigations based on morphological and statisticzl analysis of the chromosomes in several ascites tumors of rats ... Progression of two of the three transplantable Morris renal tumors: study of histology, ultrastructure and chromosome banding ... The Chromosome Cytology of the Ascites Tumors of Rats, with Special Reference to the Concept of the Stemline Cell. *S. Makino ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/FURTHER-EVIDENCE-FAVORING-THE-CONCEPT-OF-THE-STEM-Makino/d3e666bc2455bb79625a511ddef3665842aa90c1

Chromosome and banding information suitable for visualization.. *Fast exact-match searches for sequences in the human genome. » ...

https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/newin7/content/IntegratedGenomicAndProteinData/

Chromosome Band. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. Gap. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. ...

https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?hgS_doOtherUser=submit&hgS_otherUserName=wenzelmk&hgS_otherUserSessionName=BIO481%20Mouse%20%28Wenzel%20%26%20Zeher%29%20test

Chromosome Band. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. deCODE Recomb. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. ENCODE Pilot. hide. dense. ...

http://www.genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?hgsid=1465256755_wLm1gQRyZf9JVSMltAKwA1rpIyP8&db=hg19&position=lastDbPos

... marker chromosome (2; 1.5%) and sex chromosome aberrations (4; 2.9%). All of them showed phenotypic-cytogenetic heterogeneity. ... ricentrique du chromosome 9 (2; 1,5%), marqueur chromosomique (2; 1,5%) et aberrations des chromosomes sexuels (4; 2,9%). Tous ... Seabright M. A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. Lancet, 1971, 2:971-2. ... pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (2; 1.5%), marker chromosome (2; 1.5%) and sex chromosome aberrations (4; 2.9%). All of ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-3-1997/volume-3-issue-1/article17.html

4.45 Mb microduplication in chromosome band 14q12 including FOXG1 in a girl with refractory epilepsy and intellectual ... A few people have been found to have an extra copy (duplication) of the part of chromosome 14 that contains the FOXG1 gene. ... The condition can also result from a deletion of genetic material from a region of the long (q) arm of chromosome 14 that ... West syndrome associated with mosaic duplication of FOXG1 in a patient with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14. Am J ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/foxg1/

... and colonic lipomas with aberrations involving chromosome band 9p22. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2008 Nov. 47 (11):971-7. [QxMD ... Atypical lipomatous tumor with rare structural rearrangements involving chromosomes 8 and 12. Oncol Rep. 2005 Apr. 13 (4):649- ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/191233-clinical

Chromosome Band. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. Clone Ends. hide. dense. squish. pack. full. Exome Probesets. hide. dense. ...

https://www.genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?hgsid=1467510537_TqjbI0znthJCAVZ96YnLl75SLbBK

Karyotypic analyses have utilized nondifferentially stained and banded metaphase chromosomes. (memphis.edu)

A karyotype is a single person's set of chromosomes. (uhhospitals.org)
The association between rRNA genes and sex determining chromosomes also applies to the homomorphic karyotype of Culicinae mosquitoes, at least in those cases in which localization of the sex locus/loci has been determined. (nature.com)
Fig. 1: Standard G-banded karyotype: each chromosome has a characteristic banding pattern, allowing the identification of gross duplications, deletions, additions and translocations. (cmaj.ca)

The cells in the sample are stained with fluorescent dyes that will only attach to certain parts of chromosomes. (uhhospitals.org)
FISH does not require cells to be in the metaphase before analysis, because it relies upon the presence or absence of a fluorescent signal to identify chromosomes or parts of chromosomes, rather than a specific banding pattern. (cmaj.ca)

In Bioinformatics ideogram graph is used to visualize the positions of genes or microRNA along the chromosome. (bioinformaticsworkbook.org)
In the genus Anopheles the rRNA genes are localized on the heterochromatic arm of both sex chromosomes. (nature.com)
In these species ribosomal genes are often found within or adjacent to heterochromatic regions (C bands). (nature.com)
The condition can also result from a deletion of genetic material from a region of the long (q) arm of chromosome 14 that includes the FOXG1 gene and several neighboring genes. (medlineplus.gov)
Increased copy number and expression of the genes on mouse chromosome 1 may play a functional role in lung cancer development and may aid in the identification of mouse and human lung cancer susceptibility genes. (cdc.gov)
Fig. 2: Visualization of genes using locus-specific FISH probes: red signals (see arrows) hybridized to the chromosomes of a metaphase cell and an adjacent interphase nucleus demonstrate normal numbers of the cyclin D1 gene. (cmaj.ca)
We all carry the same genes for skin color, but our genes responded differently to changes in solar intensity as bands of Homo sapiens migrated away from the unrelenting sun of the equator. (discovermagazine.com)
Since the two genes are on different chromosomes, they can't be linked together . (thehonestfacts.com)

The duplication of chromosome 1 between bands E2 and H1 was the most significant chromosomal change in the invasive cell strains. (cdc.gov)
Karyotyping is the isolation, staining and visual examination of chromosomes to find chromosomal rearrangements. (cmaj.ca)
The researchers applied a method called 'Hi-C' (High-throughput Chromosome Conformation Capture) to samples from patients with developmental disorders suspected to be caused by chromosomal rearrangements. (mpg.de)
The classical analysis of chromosomal defects is done by a karyogram, which is a microscopic view of stained chromosomes. (mpg.de)
2005). In another model, such chromosomal indicators promote MT development inside the clusters of PM chromosomes, accelerating the primarily lateral MTCkinetochore attachments in PM (Magidson et al. (globaltechbiz.com)

Karyotyping is a way of looking at the set of chromosomes a person has. (uhhospitals.org)
CMA can find chromosome problems with more detail than karyotyping or FISH. (uhhospitals.org)
I. Karyotyping compared with classification of isolated chromosomes. (wikidata.org)
For karyotyping the chromosomes must be isolated from cells in the metaphase, which is the stage of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes assume their characteristic condensed, discrete shape. (cmaj.ca)
The use of 2 different gene-specific probes can detect translocations too small to detect by normal karyotyping, such as when genetic material from the c- abl oncogene on chromosome 9 is inserted into the BCR gene on chromosome 22 as occurs in chronic myelogenous leukemia. (cmaj.ca)

In all three cases the deletion was detected through screening of patients with multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndromes suggestive of autosomal chromosome aberrations for subtelomeric submicroscopic deletions by means of FISH or microsatellite marker analysis. (nih.gov)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize the 18S-28S ribosomal RNA gene clusters on the chromosomes of 15 mosquito species belonging to the Anophelinae and Culicinae subfamilies. (nature.com)
Chromosomes stained with fluorescence dyes under the microscope. (mpg.de)

Differential staining of chromosomes in such a way that light and dark areas occur along the length of the chromosomes in repeatable patterns. (uniroma2.it)
Drets, M. E., Shaw, M. W.: Specific banding patterns of human chromosomes. (crossref.org)
Kato, H., Yosida, T. H.: Banding patterns of Chinese hamster chromosomes revealed by new techniques. (crossref.org)
Progression of two of the three transplantable Morris renal tumors: study of histology, ultrastructure and chromosome banding patterns. (semanticscholar.org)
Cytogenetic analysis by G-banding cannot resolve structural abnormalities that are small (best resolution is about 2000-3000 kilobases), 3 within G-negative bands or involve translocations between regions that have similar staining patterns. (cmaj.ca)
Symbolizing two Finnish people, the four chromosomes were similar - banded horizontally with the same light-and-dark patterns. (discovermagazine.com)
She drew another set of chromosomes representing a pair of Californians, and the banding patterns were quite dissimilar. (discovermagazine.com)
DAPI is a classic nuclear and chromosome counterstain for identifying nuclei and observing chromosome-banding patterns. (thermofisher.com)

Easily distinguishable regions are called cytogenetic bands. (bioinformaticsworkbook.org)
Chromosomes are analyzed by healthcare providers trained in cytogenetic technology and genetics. (uhhospitals.org)
This test can find some chromosome changes that can't be seen with standard cytogenetic testing. (uhhospitals.org)
In this work, we take a chronological overview of the advances of different cytogenetic techniques ("in vivo" and "in vitro" methods to obtain the chromosome, C-banding, the detection of nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-RON), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with several repetitive probes and paint chromosome) over the decades and how these techniques helped elucidate questions of the organization and function of the fish genome. (intechopen.com)
The location on the Y-chromosome of numbered Y-STR markers can be roughly given with cytogenetic localization . (wikipedia.org)

Standard G-banding (Giemsa, Leishman's or variant) produces a banding pattern that is characteristic of the individual chromosomes and allows identification of abnormalities in the number and morphology (deletion, addition, translocation of large segments of DNA) of chromosomes ( Fig. 1 ). (cmaj.ca)

Recently, the use of cell cultures as an alternative to obtaining mitotic chromosomes opening up new opportunities to study groups that have not been explored or have not yet been cytogenetically investigated. (intechopen.com)
The chromatin binding of RCC1, the Rabbit Polyclonal to OR5U1 guanine nucleotide exchange element for Ran, as well as the cytoplasmic localization of RanGAP1 travel the rise of the focus gradient of RanGTP encircling the mitotic chromosomes. (globaltechbiz.com)

Under-replication of ribosomal cistrons in polytene chromosomes of Rhynchosciara . (nature.com)

Hsu, T. C.: Mammalian chromosomes in vitro. (crossref.org)
Hsu, T. C., Arrighi, F. E.: Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in mammalian chromosomes. (crossref.org)
Stubblefield, E.: Mammalian chromosomes in vitro. (crossref.org)

The duplication of chromosome 1 and 15 and deletion of chromosome 8 were significant in high invasive cultures compared to low invasive cultures. (cdc.gov)

Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes. (uhhospitals.org)
Additional benefits include a higher resolution of the chromosome bands, enabling a deeper look at the cytogenetics resulting in faster and more accurate analysis. (accesswire.com)

Each cell has 46 chromosomes grouped in 23 pairs. (uhhospitals.org)
To illustrate, Peltonen drew two pairs of human chromosomes, which were shaped something like swallowtail butterflies. (discovermagazine.com)
Sep 22, 2022 Telomere vesicles retained the Rad51 recombination factor that enabled telomere fusion with T-cell chromosome ends lengthening them by an average of 3,000 base pairs. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

The chromosome band track represents the approximate location of bands seen on Giemsa-stained chromosomes. (ucsc.edu)

Mace, M. L., Tevethia, S.S., Brinkley, B. R.: Differential immunofluorescent labeling of chromosomes with antisera specific for single strand DNA. (crossref.org)

Mapping with fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array further narrowed the minimum region of duplication of chromosome 1 to 71 to 82 centimorgans (cM) as well as three deleted regions from 67-69 cM, 84-84 cM and 100-110 cM. (cdc.gov)
Assignment of CDK5R2 coding for the cyclin-dependent kinase 5, regulatory subunit 2 (NCK5AI protein) to human chromosome band 2q35 by fluorescent in situ hybridization. (nih.gov)

Whole mount squash of polytene chromosome from Drosophila salivary gland. (ucsd.edu)
Whole mount squash of Drosophila polytene chromosome viewed with high voltage EM showing a series of bands and interbands. (ucsd.edu)

If the other eukaryote tickled back, then they would open their nuclei, swap chromosomes, smoke a cigarette, and promise to call each other next weekend. (markmanson.net)

FISH can be used to find chromosome abnormalities that may not show up in an extended banding chromosome study. (uhhospitals.org)

chromosome location from UCSC Genome. (ethz.ch)

The correlation of linkage groups with chromosomes in the mosquito, Culex pipiens L. Chromosoma , 37 , 43-52. (nature.com)
The homologous linkage groups on human chromosomes 1q32-41, 2q, 8q24 and 8p are altered in invasive human lung cancer. (cdc.gov)

Assignment of SLC6A9 to human chromosome band 1p33 by in situ hybridization. (uchicago.edu)
Jones EM, Fernald A, Bell GI, Le Beau MM. Assignment of SLC6A9 to human chromosome band 1p33 by in situ hybridization. (uchicago.edu)
Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping. (bvsalud.org)

GTPase Ran strongly accumulates at the kinetochores of somatic chromosomes in the spermatogonial mitoses of Acricotopus lucidus (Diptera, Chironomidae). (meddic.jp)

Specifically, using UAS-GAL4DBD system, CHRO and dCTCF were artificially recruited into highly compacted polytene chromosome bands that share the features of silent chromatin type known as intercalary heterochromatin (IH). (nsu.ru)

Human chromosome classification using discriminant analysis and Bayesian probability. (wikidata.org)
Visual classification of banded human chromosomes. (wikidata.org)
Automated homologue matching of human G-banded chromosomes. (wikidata.org)
Arrighi, F. E., Hsu, T. C.: Localization of heteroohromatin in human chromosomes. (crossref.org)
Seabright, M.: A rapid banding technique for human chromosomes. (crossref.org)
A human tumor with several stem-lines the relationship of which could be esta blished by chromosome study is presented. (semanticscholar.org)
Additionally, a range of uncertainty factors were considered for deriving OELs that correspond to each band, including interspecies extrapolation, human variability, and severity of effects. (cdc.gov)

The study included peripheral lymphocyte culture by a standard method using the G-banding technique according to Seabright [9]. (who.int)

Cytological investigations based on morphological and statisticzl analysis of the chromosomes in several ascites tumors of rats conducted by the present author in collaboratioii with his co-workers have revealed tlie existence of the stem line (or stem lines) of tumor cells as primary contributors to the growth of the tumor. (semanticscholar.org)
Usually the total chromosome count was determined in 10-15 cells, but if mosaicism was suspected then 30 or more cell counts were undertaken [10]. (who.int)
The cells are then swollen by the addition of hypotonic solution to disperse the chromosomes, which are fixed chemically, examined microscopically and then stained. (cmaj.ca)

5 , 6 Chromosome painting does not detect translocations within chromosomes or allow precise identification of breakpoints. (cmaj.ca)

chromosomes and nucleoli are found. (freezingblue.com)

The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material (chromosomes) and is the primary site of gene expression and DNA replication during cell cycle. (thermofisher.com)
The nucleus also contains various proteins such as histones, which form chromosomes. (thermofisher.com)

Chromosome and banding information suitable for visualization. (wolfram.com)

When a chromosome is abnormal, it can cause health problems in the body. (uhhospitals.org)
The study can look for abnormal amounts or shapes of chromosomes. (uhhospitals.org)
W hite spots in the nails is a feature of zinc deficiency and white bands signify protein deficiency characterized by abnormal appearance anywhere in one or more nails. (glutenfreeworks.com)
Such locus- specific probes can detect abnormal duplication of a gene ( Fig. 2 ) or chromosome. (cmaj.ca)
Microdeletion of chromosome sub-band 2q37.3 in two patients with abnormal situs viscerum. (wikigenes.org)

The chromosomes are stained so that they can be seen with a microscope. (uhhospitals.org)
A pair of stained chromosomes under the microscope. (mpg.de)

Unequal chromosome segregation and spindle formation occurs in the last gonial mitosis in the germ line of the chironomid Acricotopus lucidus. (meddic.jp)

The disorder results from mutations in MAGED2 , a gene on the X chromosome that encodes melanoma-associated antigen D2 (MAGE-D2), which is essential for fetal renal salt reabsorption, amniotic fluid homeostasis, and the maintenance of pregnancy. (medscape.com)
OGG1 Cys326 variant, allelic imbalance of chromosome band 3p25.3 and TP53 mutations in ovarian cancer. (cdc.gov)

A few people have been found to have an extra copy (duplication) of the part of chromosome 14 that contains the FOXG1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
The chromosome on the right acquired an additional piece by duplication of a section of DNA, which is apparent by the additional band (arrow). (mpg.de)

Automatic classification of chromosomes as part of a routine system for clinical analysis. (wikidata.org)

Band lengths are typically estimated based on FISH or other molecular markers interpreted via microscopy. (ucsc.edu)

Chromosomes of Don C, a Chinese hamster fibroblast strain with a part of autosome Ib translocated to the Y chromosome. (crossref.org)

The Andean specimens present C-heterochromatic blocks in most of their 22 chromosomes, whereas non-Andean specimens have only 4-7 autosomes with C-banding. (cdc.gov)
Zakharov, A. F., Egolina, N. A.: Asynchrony of DNA replication and mitotic spiralization along heterochromatic portions of Chinese hamster chromosomes. (crossref.org)

Chromosome studies are usually done from a small sample of tissue from a person's body. (uhhospitals.org)

The genetics of red hair appear to be associated with the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), which is found on chromosome 16. (thehonestfacts.com)

An hsr on chromosome 7 was shown to be an insertion of four copies of the 11q23 MLL gene region in an HIV-related lymphoma. (wikigenes.org)
A child with ALL and ETV6/AML1 fusion on a chromosome 12 due to an insertion of AML1 and loss of ETV6 from the homolog involved in a t(12;15)(p13;q15). (wikigenes.org)

Telomeres are small structures that protect the ends of your chromosomes. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)

If the Tier 1 evaluation results in a band E, Tier 2 is optional given that band E represents the lowest exposure concentration range and a Tier 2 process would not result in a more stringent recommendation. (cdc.gov)

Gene-specific probes, also known as "locus specific," bind to single areas of a chromosome, whether a gene, or a repetitive sequence such as a centromere or telomere. (cmaj.ca)

The ideogram shows the set of chromosomes of varying lengths, every split into two arms divided by a centromere. (bioinformaticsworkbook.org)

While all DNA is stained blue, a specific sequence stained pink appears duplicated in one of the two copies of chromosome 17, but not the other. (mpg.de)

Chromosomes are stick-shaped structures in the middle of each cell in the body. (uhhospitals.org)
A comparison of the chromosomes between the Yoshida sarcoma subline A and its single-cell clone was found to be similar in their chromosome pattern. (semanticscholar.org)

Anatomy66

Organisms12

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs28

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes170

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Superimposed histologic and genetic mapping of chromosome 9 in progression of human urinary bladder neoplasia: implications for a genetic model of multistep urothelial carcinogenesis and early detection of urinary bladder cancer. (1/1355)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (2/1355)

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and autoimmune thyroiditis in a boy with a ring chromosome 18: additional evidence of autoimmunity or IDDM gene(s) on chromosome 18. (3/1355)

Spectral karyotype analysis of T-cell acute leukemia. (4/1355)

Cloning and characterization of a secreted frizzled-related protein that is expressed by the retinal pigment epithelium. (5/1355)

Generation and characterization of human smooth muscle cell lines derived from atherosclerotic plaque. (6/1355)

Localization of single- and low-copy sequences on tomato synaptonemal complex spreads using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). (7/1355)

Isolation and mapping of a putative b subunit of human ATP synthase (ATP-BL) from human leukocytes. (8/1355)

Chromosomes

Chromosome Mapping

Chromosome Banding

X Chromosome

Chromosome Aberrations

Sex Chromosomes

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1

Chromosomes, Human

Chromosomes, Bacterial

Chromosome Segregation

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6

Chromosome Deletion

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21

Chromosomes, Plant

Chromosomes, Fungal

Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22

Chromosome Pairing

Chromosomes, Mammalian

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10

Chromosomes, Human, Y

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19

Chromosome Disorders

Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial

Chromosomes, Human, X

Chromosomes, Human, 1-3

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12

Chromosome Painting

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15

Karyotyping

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18

Chromosomes, Human, 16-18

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20

Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast

Chromosomes, Human, 13-15

Genetic Linkage

Chromosome Breakage

Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y

Ring Chromosomes

Chromosome Inversion

Genetic Markers

Chromosome Positioning

Chromosomes, Human, 4-5

Molecular Sequence Data

X Chromosome Inactivation

Centromere

Base Sequence

Chromosomes, Insect

Translocation, Genetic

Meiosis

Hybrid Cells

Chromosome Structures

Chromosomes, Human, 19-20

Aneuploidy

Metaphase

Mitosis

Recombination, Genetic

Lod Score

Pedigree

Crosses, Genetic

Mutation

Microsatellite Repeats

Phenotype

Alleles

Cloning, Molecular

Trisomy

Nondisjunction, Genetic

Chromosomes, Artificial, Human