A group of acidic proteins that are major components of SECRETORY GRANULES in the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. They play important roles in the aggregation, packaging, sorting, and processing of secretory protein prior to secretion. They are cleaved to release biologically active peptides. There are various types of granins, usually classified by their sources.
A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in a rat PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELL LINE. It is found in many species including human, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 626 to 657 amino acid residues. In some species, it inhibits secretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE or INSULIN and exerts bacteriolytic effects in others.
A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is also found in other tissues and in many species including human, bovine, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 431 to 445 amino acid residues. It contains fragments that inhibit vasoconstriction or release of hormones and neurotransmitter, while other fragments exert antimicrobial actions.
The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Organelles in CHROMAFFIN CELLS located in the adrenal glands and various other organs. These granules are the site of the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.
Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system.
Unstable isotopes of calcium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Ca atoms with atomic weights 39, 41, 45, 47, 49, and 50 are radioactive calcium isotopes.
Vesicles derived from the GOLGI APPARATUS containing material to be released at the cell surface.
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B mediates membrane binding and directs sorting from the trans-Golgi network to secretory granules. (1/462)

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B (CgB), a regulated secretory protein with widespread distribution in neuroendocrine cells, is known to be essential for the sorting of CgB from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to immature secretory granules. Here we show that this loop, when fused to the constitutively secreted protein alpha1-antitrypsin (AT), is sufficient to direct the fusion protein to secretory granules. Importantly, the sorting efficiency of the AT reporter protein bearing two loops (E2/3-AT-E2/3) is much higher compared with that of AT with a single disulfide-bonded loop. In contrast to endogenous CgB, E2/3-AT-E2/3 does not undergo Ca2+/pH-dependent aggregation in the TGN. Furthermore, the disulfide-bonded loop of CgB mediates membrane binding in the TGN and does so with 5-fold higher efficiency if two loops are present on the reporter protein. The latter finding supports the concept that under physiological conditions, aggregates of CgB are the sorted units of cargo which have multiple loops on their surface leading to high membrane binding and sorting efficiency of CgB in the TGN.  (+info)

Inhibition of angiogenesis induces chromaffin differentiation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma. (2/462)

Inhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to reduce tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor microvascular density in experimental models. To these effects we would now like to add induction of differentiation, based on biological analysis of xenografted human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y, WAG rnu/rnu) treated with the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470. Treatment with TNP-470 (10 mg/kg s.c., n = 15) reduced the tumor growth by 66% and stereological vascular parameters (Lv, Vv, Sv) by 36-45%. The tumor cell apoptotic fraction increased more than threefold, resulting in a decrease in viable tumor cells by 33%. In contrast, the mean vascular diameter (29 microm) and the mean tumor cell proliferative index (49%) were unaffected. TNP-470-treated tumors exhibited striking chromaffin differentiation of neuroblastoma cells, observed as increased expression of insulin-like growth factor II gene (+88%), tyrosine hydroxylase (+96%), chromogranin A, and cellular processes. Statistical analysis revealed an inverse correlation between differentiation and angiogenesis. It is suggested that by inhibiting angiogenesis, TNP-470 induces metabolic stress, resulting in chromaffin differentiation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma. Such agonal differentiation may be the link between angiostatic therapy and tumor cell apoptosis.  (+info)

Kinetics of neuroendocrine differentiation in an androgen-dependent human prostate xenograft model. (3/462)

It was previously shown in the PC-295 xenograft that the number of chromogranin A (CgA)-positive neuroendocrine (NE) cells increased after androgen withdrawal. NE cells did not proliferate and differentiated from G0-phase-arrested cells. Here we further characterized NE differentiation, androgen receptor status, and apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 expression in the PC-295 model after androgen withdrawal to assess the origin of NE cells. PC-295 tumor volumes decreased by 50% in 4 days. Intraperitoneal bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and MIB-1 labeling decreased to 0%, and the apoptosis was maximal at day 4. Androgen receptor expression and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum levels decreased rapidly within 2 days. The number of NE cells increased 6-fold at day 4 and 30-fold at day 7. Five and ten percent of the CgA-positive cells were BrdU positive after continuous BrdU labeling for 2 and 4 days, respectively. However, no MIB-1 expression was observed in CgA-positive cells. NE cells expressed the regulated secretory pathway marker secretogranin III but were negative for androgen receptor and Bcl-2. Bcl-2 expression did increase in the non-NE tumor cells. In conclusion, androgen withdrawal leads to a rapid PC-295 tumor regression and a proliferation-independent induction of NE differentiation. The strictly androgen-independent NE cells that were still present after 21 days differentiated mainly from G0-phase-arrested cells.  (+info)

Islet amyloid polypeptide/amylin messenger RNA and protein expression in human insulinomas in relation to amyloid formation. (4/462)

OBJECTIVE: Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), also named amylin, is the predominant protein component of amyloid deposits in human islet beta cell tumours of the pancreas (insulinomas). IAPP is co-produced with insulin by islet beta cells. We investigated IAPP expression in relation to insulin expression and to amyloid formation in eleven insulinomas. DESIGN AND METHODS: RNA and protein extracts were prepared from the same pieces of tumour tissue, and from specimens of two normal human pancreata. IAPP and insulin mRNA and peptide content were quantified using Northern blot analysis and radioimmunoassay (RIA) respectively. Molecular forms of IAPP immunoreactivity were analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The presence of islet hormones and of amyloid was assessed by (immuno)histochemical staining of paraffin sections. Plasma levels of IAPP and insulin prior to tumour resection were determined by RIA. RESULTS: IAPP and insulin mRNA and peptide content varied widely between the tumour specimens, and there was considerable intratumour heterogeneity of peptide content. HPLC analysis indicated correct proteolytic processing of the IAPP precursor protein. Amyloid deposits were detected only in the three tumours with the highest IAPP content. In contrast to insulin, plasma levels of IAPP were not elevated in the insulinoma patients. CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of hormone production by insulinomas cannot be inferred from only a few tissue sections due to intratumour heterogeneity. Expression of the IAPP and insulin genes is not coupled in insulinomas, which produce properly processed mature IAPP. In addition to IAPP overproduction, additional factors such as intracellular accumulation of IAPP are involved in amyloidogenesis in insulinomas.  (+info)

Library of sequence-specific radioimmunoassays for human chromogranin A. (5/462)

BACKGROUND: Human chromogranin A (CgA) is an acidic protein widely expressed in neuroendocrine tissue and tumors. The extensive tissue- and tumor-specific cleavages of CgA at basic cleavage sites produce multiple peptides. METHODS: We have developed a library of RIAs specific for different epitopes, including the NH2 and COOH termini and three sequences adjacent to dibasic sites in the remaining part of CgA. RESULTS: The antisera raised against CgA(210-222) and CgA(340-348) required a free NH2 terminus for binding. All antisera displayed high titers, high indexes of heterogeneity ( approximately 1.0), and high binding affinities (Keff0 approximately 0.1 x 10(12) to 1.0 x 10(12) L/mol), implying that the RIAs were monospecific and sensitive. The concentration of CgA in different tissues varied with the assay used. Hence, in a carcinoid tumor the concentration varied from 0.5 to 34.0 nmol/g tissue depending on the specificity of the CgA assay. The lowest concentration in all tumors was measured with the assay specific for the NH2 terminus of CgA. This is consistent with the relatively low concentrations measured in plasma from carcinoid tumor patients by the N-terminal assay, whereas the assays using antisera raised against CgA(210-222) and CgA(340-348) measured increased concentrations. CONCLUSION: Only some CgA assays appear useful for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors, but the entire library is valuable for studies of the expression and processing of human CgA.  (+info)

Serum gastrin and chromogranin A during medium- and long-term acid suppressive therapy: a case-control study. (6/462)

BACKGROUND: Serum chromogranin A (CgA) is regarded as a reliable marker of neuroendocrine proliferation. We previously described increased serum CgA levels during short-term profound gastric acid inhibition. AIM: To investigate serum gastrin and CgA levels in dyspeptic patients during continuous medium- (6 weeks to 1 year), or long-term (1-8 years) gastric acid suppressive therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 114 consecutive dyspeptic patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were enrolled in a cross-sectional, case-control study [62 patients on continuous antisecretory therapy, either with proton pump inhibitors (n = 47) or H2-receptor antagonists (H2RA) (n = 15) for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease with or without Barrett's oesophagus or functional dyspepsia, and 52 age- and sex-matched patients without medical acid inhibition and with normal endoscopic findings (control group)]. Omeprazole doses ranged from 20 mg to 80 mg daily and ranitidine from 150 mg to 450 mg daily. Fasting serum CgA and serum gastrin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (reference values: serum CgA < 4.0 nmol/L; serum gastrin < 85 ng/L). RESULTS: Fasting serum CgA levels positively correlated with serum gastrin in the entire study population (r = 0. 55, P = 0.0001). Median serum CgA values were higher in patients treated with a proton pump inhibitor than H2RA [2.8 (2.0-5.9) nmol/L vs. 2 (1.9-2.3) nmol/L, P < 0.002] and controls [2.8 (2.0-5.9) nmol/L vs. 1.8 (1.5-2.2) nmol/L, P < 0.0001) and did not differ between patients treated with H2RA or controls. Serum gastrin and CgA levels in patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy positively correlated with the degree and duration of acid inhibition. Patients on long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy had significantly higher fasting serum gastrin and CgA than those on medium-term proton pump inhibitor therapy [127 (73-217) ng/L vs. 49 (29-78) ng/L, P < 0.0001 and 4.8 (2.8-8) ng/L vs. 2.1 (1.9-2.6) ng/L, P < 0.001]. No such relation was found in patients on medium- vs. long-term H2RA. Overall, patients with positive Helicobacter pylori serology had higher serum gastrin and CgA levels than those with negative H. pylori serology [51 (27-119) ng/L vs. 27 (14-79) ng/L, P = 0.01, 2.4 (1.9-3.4) nmol/L vs. 2.0 (1.7-2.5) nmol/L, P = 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: During long-term continuous proton pump inhibitor treatment, serum gastrin and CgA levels are significantly elevated compared to H2RA treatment and nontreated dyspeptic controls. H. pylori infection seems to affect gastric ECL cell secretory function. Increased serum CgA values during long-term profound gastric acid inhibition could reflect either gastric enterochromaffin-like cell hyperfunction or proliferative changes.  (+info)

Clinical symptoms, hormone profiles, treatment, and prognosis in patients with gastric carcinoids. (7/462)

BACKGROUND: Type 1 gastric carcinoids are associated with hypergastrinaemia and chronic atrophic gastritis, type 2 occur in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 combined with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and type 3 lack any relation to hypergastrinaemia. Type 1 tumours are usually benign whereas type 3 are highly malignant. AIMS: To identify possible tumour markers in patients with gastric carcinoids. PATIENTS/METHOD: Nine patients with type 1, one with type 2, and five with type 3 were evaluated with regard to symptoms, hormone profile, and prognosis. RESULTS: Plasma chromogranin A was increased in all patients but was higher (p < 0.01) in those with type 3 than those with type 1 carcinoids. All patients with type 3 carcinoids died from metastatic disease, but none of the type 1 patients died as a result of their tumours. One type 1 patient with a solitary liver metastasis received interferon alpha and octreotide treatment. Nine months later, the metastasis was no longer detectable. She is still alive eight years after diagnosis, without recurrent disease. This represents the only reported case of foregut carcinoid with an unresectable liver metastasis that seems to be have been cured by biotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma chromogranin A appears to be a valuable tumour marker for all types of gastric carcinoid. Combination therapy with interferon alpha and octreotide may be beneficial in patients with metastasising type 1 gastric carcinoids.  (+info)

Immunohistochemical characterization of pancreatic tumors induced by dimethylbenzanthracene in rats. (8/462)

Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) induces pancreatic adenocarcinomas in rats 9 months after carcinogen exposure, with precursor lesions (tubular complexes) developing 1 month after initiation of treatment. Because previous studies have suggested an acinar cell of origin for these tumors, we investigated the expression pattern of ductal, acinar, and islet cell markers in these cancers to gain insight into their phenotype and cell of origin. Pancreatic neoplasms were induced in rats by implantation of DMBA into the head of the pancreas. Lesions studied included 10 early tubular complexes (DMBA for 2 weeks), 8 tubular complexes (DMBA for 1 month), and 10 adenocarcinomas (DMBA for 9 months). Normal rat pancreas served as a control. For comparison, 5 human ductal adenocarcinomas were also evaluated. Immunohistochemistry with ductal (keratin, cytokeratin 19, cytokeratin 20), acinar (chymotrypsin), and islet (chromogranin A) cell markers was performed to analyze the tissues. Rat tubular complexes and adenocarcinomas revealed strong expression of keratin, cytokeratin 19, and cytokeratin 20 in the cytoplasm of all neoplastic cells, absence of chymotrypsin, and rare immunoreactivity to chromogranin A. Human adenocarcinomas showed strong expression of keratin and cytokeratin 19 in all neoplastic cells, expression of cytokeratin 20 in 5-20% of cells, and absence of chymotrypsin and chromogranin A. Pancreatic adenocarcinomas induced by DMBA in rats express markers consistent with a ductal phenotype, as observed in human tumors. Ductal marker expression in early tumor stages suggests a ductal cell of origin.  (+info)

Chromogranins are a group of proteins that are stored in the secretory vesicles of neuroendocrine cells, including neurons and endocrine cells. These proteins are co-released with neurotransmitters and hormones upon stimulation of the cells. Chromogranin A is the most abundant and best studied member of this protein family.

Chromogranins have several functions in the body. They play a role in the biogenesis, processing, and storage of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters within secretory vesicles. Additionally, chromogranins can be cleaved into smaller peptides, some of which have hormonal or regulatory activities. For example, vasostatin-1, a peptide derived from chromogranin A, has been shown to have vasodilatory and cardioprotective effects.

Measurement of chromogranin levels in blood can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of neuroendocrine tumors, which are characterized by excessive secretion of chromogranins and other neuroendocrine markers.

Chromogranin B is a protein that is primarily found in the secretory granules of neuroendocrine cells, including neurons and endocrine cells. These granules are specialized organelles where hormones and neurotransmitters are stored before being released into the extracellular space. Chromogranin B is co-synthesized and packaged with these secretory products and is therefore often used as a marker for neuroendocrine differentiation.

Chromogranin B is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of proteins, which are characterized by their ability to form large aggregates in the acidic environment of secretory granules. These aggregates play a role in the sorting and processing of secretory products, as well as in the regulation of granule biogenesis and exocytosis.

Chromogranin B has been shown to have various biological activities, including inhibition of protein kinase C, stimulation of calmodulin-dependent processes, and modulation of ion channel activity. However, its precise physiological functions remain to be fully elucidated. Dysregulation of chromogranin B expression and processing has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases and neoplasia.

Chromogranin A is a protein that is widely used as a marker for neuroendocrine tumors. These are tumors that arise from cells of the neuroendocrine system, which is a network of cells throughout the body that produce hormones and help to regulate various bodily functions. Chromogranin A is stored in secretory granules within these cells and is released into the bloodstream when the cells are stimulated to release their hormones.

Chromogranin A is measured in the blood as a way to help diagnose neuroendocrine tumors, monitor the effectiveness of treatment, and track the progression of the disease. Elevated levels of chromogranin A in the blood may indicate the presence of a neuroendocrine tumor, although other factors can also cause an increase in this protein.

It's important to note that while chromogranin A is a useful marker for neuroendocrine tumors, it is not specific to any one type of tumor and should be used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests and clinical evaluation.

The adrenal medulla is the inner part of the adrenal gland, which is located on top of the kidneys. It is responsible for producing and releasing hormones such as epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline). These hormones play a crucial role in the body's "fight or flight" response, preparing the body for immediate action in response to stress.

Epinephrine increases heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, while also increasing blood flow to muscles and decreasing blood flow to the skin and digestive system. Norepinephrine has similar effects but is generally less potent than epinephrine. Together, these hormones help to prepare the body for physical activity and increase alertness and focus.

Disorders of the adrenal medulla can lead to a variety of symptoms, including high blood pressure, rapid heart rate, anxiety, and tremors. Some conditions that affect the adrenal medulla include pheochromocytoma, a tumor that causes excessive production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, and neuroblastoma, a cancerous tumor that arises from immature nerve cells in the adrenal gland.

Chromaffin granules are membrane-bound organelles found in the cytoplasm of chromaffin cells, which are a type of neuroendocrine cell. These cells are located in the adrenal medulla and some sympathetic ganglia and play a crucial role in the body's stress response.

Chromaffin granules contain a variety of substances, including catecholamines such as epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), as well as proteins and other molecules. When the chromaffin cell is stimulated, the granules fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular space, where they can bind to receptors on nearby cells and trigger a variety of physiological responses.

The name "chromaffin" comes from the fact that these granules contain enzymes that can react with chromium salts to produce a brown color, which is why they are also sometimes referred to as "black-brown granules."

Chromaffin cells are specialized neuroendocrine cells that are responsible for the synthesis and release of catecholamines, which are hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). These cells are located in the medulla of the adrenal gland and in some autonomic ganglia outside the central nervous system. Chromaffin cells contain secretory granules that stain brown with chromium salts, hence their name. They play a crucial role in the body's response to stress by releasing catecholamines into the bloodstream, which helps prepare the body for the "fight or flight" response.

Calcium radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of the element calcium. An isotope is a variant of an element that has the same number of protons in its atoms but a different number of neutrons, resulting in different mass numbers. Calcium has several radioisotopes, including calcium-41, calcium-45, calcium-47, and calcium-49.

These radioisotopes are used in various medical applications, such as in diagnostic imaging and research. For example, calcium-45 is commonly used in bone scans to help diagnose conditions like fractures, tumors, or infections. When administered to the patient, the calcium-45 is taken up by the bones, and a special camera can detect the gamma rays emitted by the radioisotope, providing images of the skeleton.

Similarly, calcium-47 is used in research to study calcium metabolism and bone physiology. The short half-life and low energy of the radiation emitted by these radioisotopes make them relatively safe for medical use, with minimal risk of harm to patients. However, as with any medical procedure involving radiation, appropriate precautions must be taken to ensure safety and minimize exposure.

Secretory vesicles are membrane-bound organelles found within cells that store and transport secretory proteins and other molecules to the plasma membrane for exocytosis. Exocytosis is the process by which these molecules are released from the cell, allowing them to perform various functions, such as communication with other cells or participation in biochemical reactions. Secretory vesicles can be found in a variety of cell types, including endocrine cells, exocrine cells, and neurons. The proteins and molecules contained within secretory vesicles are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are processed, modified, and packaged into the vesicles for subsequent release.

"Cattle" is a term used in the agricultural and veterinary fields to refer to domesticated animals of the genus *Bos*, primarily *Bos taurus* (European cattle) and *Bos indicus* (Zebu). These animals are often raised for meat, milk, leather, and labor. They are also known as bovines or cows (for females), bulls (intact males), and steers/bullocks (castrated males). However, in a strict medical definition, "cattle" does not apply to humans or other animals.

Catecholamines are a group of hormones and neurotransmitters that are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. The most well-known catecholamines are dopamine, norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline), and epinephrine (also known as adrenaline). These hormones are produced by the adrenal glands and are released into the bloodstream in response to stress. They play important roles in the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and alertness. In addition to their role as hormones, catecholamines also function as neurotransmitters, transmitting signals in the nervous system. Disorders of catecholamine regulation can lead to a variety of medical conditions, including hypertension, mood disorders, and neurological disorders.

Calcium is an essential mineral that is vital for various physiological processes in the human body. The medical definition of calcium is as follows:

Calcium (Ca2+) is a crucial cation and the most abundant mineral in the human body, with approximately 99% of it found in bones and teeth. It plays a vital role in maintaining structural integrity, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, hormonal secretion, blood coagulation, and enzyme activation.

Calcium homeostasis is tightly regulated through the interplay of several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitonin, and vitamin D. Dietary calcium intake, absorption, and excretion are also critical factors in maintaining optimal calcium levels in the body.

Hypocalcemia refers to low serum calcium levels, while hypercalcemia indicates high serum calcium levels. Both conditions can have detrimental effects on various organ systems and require medical intervention to correct.

In humans, chromogranin A protein is encoded by the CHGA gene. Examples of cells producing chromogranin A (ChgA) are chromaffin ... Chromogranin A is cleaved by an endogenous prohormone convertase to produce several peptide fragments. See chromogranin A ... Stridsberg M, Angeletti RH, Helle KB (June 2000). "Characterisation of N-terminal chromogranin A and chromogranin B in mammals ... Chromogranin A or parathyroid secretory protein 1 (gene name CHGA) is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory ...
Taupenot L, Harper KL, O'Connor DT (March 2003). "The chromogranin-secretogranin family". The New England Journal of Medicine. ... Lloyd RV, Jin L (March 1994). "Analysis of chromogranin/secretogranin messenger RNAs in human pituitary adenomas". Diagnostic ...
Hosaka M, Watanabe T, Sakai Y, Uchiyama Y, Takeuchi T (October 2002). "Identification of a chromogranin A domain that mediates ... The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. ... "Entrez Gene: SCG3 secretogranin III". Huttner WB, Gerdes HH, Rosa P (January 1991). "The granin (chromogranin/secretogranin) ... "Secretogranin III binds to cholesterol in the secretory granule membrane as an adapter for chromogranin A". The Journal of ...
Chromogranins and secretogranins together share a C-terminal motif, whereas chromogranins A and B share a region of high ... chromogranin A (CgA) chromogranin B (CgB) secretogranin II (SgII) (see also secretoneurin) secretogranin III (SgIII) ... Stridsberg M, Angeletti RH, Helle KB (June 2000). "Characterisation of N-terminal chromogranin A and chromogranin B in mammals ... Granins (chromogranins or secretogranins) are acidic proteins and are present in the secretory granules of a wide variety of ...
2000). "Co-distribution patterns of chromogranin B-like immunoreactivity with chromogranin A and secretoneurin within the human ... Chromogranin Kirchmair R, Gander R, Egger M, et al. (2004). "The neuropeptide secretoneurin acts as a direct angiogenic ... SCG2, also called secretogranin II (chromogranin C), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SCG2 gene. The protein ... 2009). "Chromogranin peptides in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Regul. Pept. 152 (1-3): 13-21. doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2008.07. ...
If metanephrine values are equivocal, chromogranin A can be used as an adjunct marker to predict the presence of a tumor.[ ... Other additional biomarkers can be helpful to aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma as well, most notable is Chromogranin A ... d'Herbomez M, Do Cao C, Vezzosi D, Borzon-Chasot F, Baudin E (September 2010). "Chromogranin A assay in clinical practice". ... However, a 2006 report from Italy found that over 90% of studied pheochromocytoma patients demonstrated elevated chromogranin A ...
Koeslag, Johan H.; Saunders, Peter T.; Wessels, Jabus A. (1999). "The chromogranins and counter-regulatory hormones: do they ...
Aside from the hormones of secretory tumors, the most important markers are: chromogranin A (CgA), present in 99% of metastatic ... Neuroendocrine secretory protein-55, a member of the chromogranin family, is seen in pancreatic endocrine tumors but not ... Widely used neuroendocrine tissue markers are various chromogranins, synaptophysin and PGP9.5. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is ... chromogranin A, and neurotensin do not cause a clinical syndrome, although blood levels may be elevated. Functional tumors are ...
... they are negative for chromogranin and pancreatic enzymes. The gold standard for diagnosing solid pseudopapillary tumour of the ...
Stridsberg M, Oberg K, Li Q, Engström U, Lundqvist G (January 1995). "Measurements of chromogranin A, chromogranin B ( ... Secretoneurin, is a 33-amino acid neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II (chromogranin C, CHGC). It is cleaved into the ... Tasiemski A, Hammad H, Vandenbulcke F, Breton C, Bilfinger TJ, Pestel J, Salzet M (July 2002). "Presence of chromogranin- ... Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M, Johansson H, Grimelius L (June 1997). "Complex co-localization of chromogranins and ...
The cells are negative with chromogranin, synaptophysin and CK20. The major diagnosis from which to separate ceruminous adenoma ...
Nobels FR, Kwekkeboom DJ, Bouillon R, Lamberts SW (June 1998). "Chromogranin A: its clinical value as marker of neuroendocrine ... Markers of the condition such as chromogranin-A are imperfect indicators of disease progression. The incidence of ...
Soell M, Feki A, Hannig M, Sano H, Pinget M, Selimovic D (February 2010). "Chromogranin A detection in saliva of type 2 ... chromogranin A) was over-expressed in 100% of diabetic patients when compared to controls. In 2010 Qvarnstrom, et al., ...
Intrathyroidal parathyroid adenoma expressing chromogranin A (f) and PTH (g). Calcitonin-negative medullary thyroid carcinoma ( ...
SCLCs bear the markers of neuroendocrine cells, such as chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56. Adenocarcinomas tend to express ...
July 1989). "Developmental profile of chromogranin, hormonal peptides, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in gastrointestinal endocrine ...
Pancreatic insulinoma Pancreatic insulinoma Chromogranin A Insulin immuostain Causes of hypoglycemia Metastatic Insulinoma ...
... , also known as Chromogranin B, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHGB gene. It is a member of the ...
Diagnostically, it is often used in combination with chromogranin A. Synaptophysin has been shown to interact with AP1G1 and ...
Jirásek T, Hozák P, Mandys V (2003). "Different patterns of chromogranin A and Leu-7 (CD57) expression in gastrointestinal ... conditions that it is of less use in distinguishing these tumours from others than more specific markers such as chromogranin ...
... chromogranin A, synaptophysin, SSTR2, and NTR1, but not CD56. The cells have a round, epithelial morphology, and are adherent ...
Fan S, Hao ZY, Zhang L, Chen XG, Zhou J, Zang YF, Tai S, Liang CZ (2014). "Increased chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase ...
... chromogranin A, and neurotensin, do not cause a clinical syndrome although blood levels may be elevated. In total, 85% of ... immunohistochemistry is generally positive for chromogranin and synaptophysin. Genetic testing thereof typically shows altered ...
"Selective localization of the parathyroid secretory protein-I/adrenal medulla chromogranin A protein family in a wide variety ...
An increased level of chromogranin A is a common marker of neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, the source of the increased ...
Chromogranin A, which is the most abundant product of prostatic neuroendocrine cells and neuroendocrine tumor cells, is widely ... chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (three proteins that are used as markers for ... chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, calcitonin and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide, while lacking, or ...
... the chief cells located in the cell balls are positive for chromogranin, synaptophysin, neuron specific enolase, serotonin, ...
Agrin Chimerin Proteins Chromogranins Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32 Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein GAP-43 ...
Cortisol and other stress biomarkers (including vasopressin, chromogranin A, and heat shock proteins), as well as emotional ...
... chromogranin A, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), and cholecystokinin. These cells can be the source of several types of lung ...
In humans, chromogranin A protein is encoded by the CHGA gene. Examples of cells producing chromogranin A (ChgA) are chromaffin ... Chromogranin A is cleaved by an endogenous prohormone convertase to produce several peptide fragments. See chromogranin A ... Stridsberg M, Angeletti RH, Helle KB (June 2000). "Characterisation of N-terminal chromogranin A and chromogranin B in mammals ... Chromogranin A or parathyroid secretory protein 1 (gene name CHGA) is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory ...
We recently demonstrated that chromogranins A and B each regulate the concentration of adrenaline in chromaffin granules and ... Chromogranins are the main soluble proteins in the large dense core secretory vesicles (LDCVs) found in aminergic neurons and ... Chromogranins are the main soluble proteins in the large dense core secretory vesicles (LDCVs) found in aminergic neurons and ... Although chromogranins are thought to be essential for their biogenesis, LDCVs were evident in these mice. These vesicles do ...
... derived from chromogranin A (CgA) were studied on a model of inflammatory (somato-visceral) pain. Inflammatory mediators ... The effect of a chromogranin A-derived peptide (CgA4-16) in the writhing nociceptive response induced by acetic acid in rats ... The nociceptive effects of i.p administration of a synthetic peptide (CgA4-16) derived from chromogranin A (CgA) were studied ... Inflammatory mediators participate in controlling the activity of enterochromaffin cells that store and release chromogranins. ...
Tag: chromogranin a antibody. Genetic risk scores using long variations in human chromosome scales can predict schizophrenia. * ...
Chromogranin B antibody for FC, IF, IHC, WB, ELISA and reacts with human, mouse, rat. ... WB protocol for Chromogranin B antibody 14968-1-AP. Download protocol. IHC protocol for Chromogranin B antibody 14968-1-AP. ... Chromogranin B Polyclonal antibody. Chromogranin B Polyclonal Antibody for FC, IF, IHC, WB, ELISA. ... "Chromogranin B antibodies" comparison. At Proteintech, we pride ourselves on our antibody quality, customer service and ...
Chromogranin B , Happy Friday netters, , my pathologists have me on a search for chromogranin B. I found clone PE-11 , from ... Histonet] Chromogranin B. Lucy Brooks lucyb ,@t, biocare.net Tue Sep 7 12:06:46 CDT 2004 *Previous message: [Histonet] ...
Chromogranin A Test Results High. TruStrip RDT Beta-Lactam and Tetracyclines rapid test strips, results is 2-10 mins, 50 strips ... Other Chromogranin products are available in stock. Specificity: Chromogranin Category: A Group: Test Results ... The Chromogranin A Test Results High reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. To ... Description: Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the ...
by Clare Gerrard , Sep 18, 2023. Bevere et al (2023) An Overview of Circulating Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Clinical Guide. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2820. This article reviews the challenges associated with diagnosing and managing neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a diverse group of ...
Growth factors and chromogranin A in intra-abdominal adhesions of children Authors. * Māra Pilmane Institute of Anatomy and ... growth factors, receptors, chromogranins, adhesions, children, ontogenesis Abstract. Pathogenesis of adhesions is still unclear ... Thus, we searched for the appearance and distribution of growth factors, their receptors and chromogranins in adhesions of ... chromogranin A (CgA) was applied. Statistical analysis included semi-quantitative evaluation of immunopositive structures, ...
Antigen: Chromogranin B. Clonality: Polyclonal. Clone: Conjugation: Unconjugated. Epitope: Host: Rabbit. Isotype: IgG. ...
Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body. It has been shown that Chromogranin A is an excellent ... Be the first to review "Chromogranin A" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked * ... Chromogranin A may be a useful tumor marker to aid in predicting the extent of neuroendocrine differentiation and the time to ... This antibody cocktail recognizes a protein of 68-75 kDa, identified as Chromogranin A antibody. The combination of LK2H10 and ...
Human chromogranin A ELISA kit can detect concentrations of chromogranin A (ChgA, parathyroid secretory protein 1) human serum ... Chromogranin A ELISA Kit (ChgA). INTENDED USE. Human chromogranin A ELISA kit can be used for specifically detecting in vitro ... The minimum sensitivity detection limit of ChgA (chromogranin A, parathyroid secretory protein 1) using current chromogranin A ... Chromogranin A (ChgA) is also called parathyroid secretory protein 1, consists of 439 amino acids that is a 49 kDa acidic ...
Chromogranin A Testing. A test for Chromogranin A (CgA) measures the amount of Chromogranin A in the blood. Chromogranin A is a ... Chromogranin A may be found in higher-than-normal amounts in patients with certain neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), small cell ... Click here for more information on the use of Chromogranin A as a tumour marker for prostate cancer. ...
Chromogranin Assay Laboratories manufactures the chromogranin a test 5184 reagents distributed by Genprice. The Chromogranin A ... please contact chromogranin assay. Other Chromogranin products are available in stock. Specificity: Chromogranin Category: A ... Description: Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the ... Co-expression of Chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Reportedly, co- ...
... analysis of Chromogranin A was performed in paraffin-embedded mouse pancreas tissue using Chromogranin A Polyclonal Antibody ... Relative expression of Chromogranin A was observed in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells treated with PTI (1X for 4hr) and with FL1-06 ( ...
... Fournier I;Gaucher D;Chich JF;Bach C; ... Aims: Inflammation has been linked to the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Chromogranins A, B (CgA, CgB) and ... Aims: Inflammation has been linked to the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Chromogranins A, B (CgA, CgB) and ...
Chromogranin-A derived from Human pheochromocytoma. Clone: PHE5. Gene ID: 1113 ... Chromogranin-A, Pituitary secretory protein I, Beta-Granin; CGA; CHGA; Chromogranin A Parathyroid Secretory Protein 1; ER-37; ... Be the first to review "Chromogranin A / CHGA (Neuroendocrine Marker)" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. ... Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and ...
We provide laboratory tests for a wide range of customers. We proudly say that we are chosen as the laboratory of choice from one of the biggest Insurance Party (TY-ETYK) in Cyprus, holding approximately 21000 patients in the whole island.. ...
It belongs to the family of granins that includes chromogranin B, chromogranin C, and secretogranin II. ... Chromogranin A is a secretory protein, composed of 439 amino acids, found in the large dense-core vesicles of the ... It belongs to the family of granins that includes chromogranin B, chromogranin C, and secretogranin II. Chromogranin A contains ... encoded search term (Chromogranin A) and Chromogranin A What to Read Next on Medscape ...
It belongs to the family of granins that includes chromogranin B, chromogranin C, and secretogranin II. ... Chromogranin A is a secretory protein, composed of 439 amino acids, found in the large dense-core vesicles of the ... It belongs to the family of granins that includes chromogranin B, chromogranin C, and secretogranin II. Chromogranin A contains ... encoded search term (Chromogranin A) and Chromogranin A What to Read Next on Medscape ...
Anti-Chromogranin A / CHGA Antibody. Reactivity Hu, Mk, Pig, Ms, Rt(-), Ov(-) and Rb(-). Tested In FC, IF, IHC. Formats ... General Description of Chromogranin A / CHGA.. Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including ... Be the first to review "Anti-Chromogranin A / CHGA Antibody Clone SPM339" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be ... enQuire Bios Chromogranin A / CHGA Anti-Human Monoclonal is available for Research Use Only. This antibody is guaranteed to ...
Chromogranin A (a marker of neuroendocrine tumors) is one of the most important indicators in the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors ... Chromogranin A (a marker of neuroendocrine tumors) is one of the most important indicators in the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors ...
Scytek presents Chromogranin A / CHGA (Neuroendocrine Marker); Clone CGA/413 (Concentrate) - RA0514-C.1 ( Antibodies, Research ... Chromogranin A / CHGA (Neuroendocrine Marker); Clone CGA/413 (Concentrate). Species: Mouse.. Immunogen: Recombinant human ... chromogranin A protein.. Clone: CGA/413. Isotype: IgG2b, kappa.. Species Reactivity: Reacts with Human. Does not react with rat ...
... S. Massironi. ;A. Zilli. Secondo. ;F. Cavalcoli ... Chromogranin A and other enteroendocrine markers in inflammatory bowel disease / S. Massironi, A. Zilli, F. Cavalcoli, D. Conte ... chromogranin a; crohns disease; enteroendocrine cell; inflammatory bowel disease; ulcerative colitis; endocrinology; neurology ... Relevant modifications of some enteroendocrine markers, such as Chromogranin A, and their correlation with disease activity ...
Chromogranin A (CgA). CgA is a chemical/hormone found inside neuroendocrine cells. The level of this hormone can be raised in ...
Rabbit Anti-Chromogranin A Polyclonal Antibody, Unconjugated - Contributor(s):Elise Engquist, Douglas Melton ...
... SECCIA, TERESA ... OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate whether chromogranin A (ChA) is tonically released in adrenal vein blood and ... OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate whether chromogranin A (ChA) is tonically released in adrenal vein blood and ...
... in prostate cancer diagnostics is evaluation of Chromogranin A (ChA) level. Rhe value of ChA in the diagnosti ... Evaluation of serum Chromogranin A levels in different prostatic diseases Apolihin O.I., Sivkov A.V., Efremov G.D., Rabinovich ... First results of standardized programme for BPH diagnosis and treatment Evaluation of serum Chromogranin A levels in different ... in prostate cancer diagnostics is evaluation of Chromogranin A (ChA) level. Rhe value of ChA in the diagnostics of prostate ...
Publishers Note: Chromogranin A-derived peptides pancreastatin and catestatin: emerging therapeutic target for diabetes * ...
Testis : Carcinoid - Chromogranin. High Quality Pathology Images of Genitourinary, Testis, Germ Cell Tumors - III. ... Testis : Carcinoid - Chromogranin. Home "> Genitourinary "> Testis "> Germ Cell Tumors - III "> Testis : Carcinoid - ...
  • Chromogranin A or parathyroid secretory protein 1 (gene name CHGA) is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human chromogranin A ELISA kit can be used for specifically detecting in vitro quantitative concentrations of chromogranin A (ChgA, parathyroid secretory protein 1) human serum and plasma. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Chromogranin A (ChgA) is also called parathyroid secretory protein 1, consists of 439 amino acids that is a 49 kDa acidic protein encoded on chromosome 14. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • The minimum sensitivity detection limit of ChgA (chromogranin A, parathyroid secretory protein 1) using current chromogranin A ELISA kit was approximately 1.4 ng/ml. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Chromogranin A is a secretory protein, composed of 439 amino acids, found in the large dense-core vesicles of the neuroendocrine cells. (medscape.com)
  • Chromogranin A (CgA) is a secretory protein, composed of 439 amino acids, found in the large dense-core vesicles of the neuroendocrine cells. (medscape.com)
  • PC-12 cells were subjected to SDS PAGE followed by western blot with 14968-1-AP (Chromogranin B antibody at dilution of 1:300 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptglab.com)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue slide using 14968-1-AP (Chromogranin B antibody at dilution of 1:200 (under 10x lens). (ptglab.com)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue slide using 14968-1-AP (Chromogranin B antibody at dilution of 1:200 (under 40x lens). (ptglab.com)
  • This antibody cocktail recognizes a protein of 68-75 kDa, identified as Chromogranin A antibody. (dbs-india.com)
  • Microtiter Plate - Coated with human chromogranin A antibody. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human Adrenal Gland stained with Chromogranin A Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (PHE5). (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • SDS-PAGE Analysis Purified Chromogranin A Mouse Monoclonal Antibody (PHE5). (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • Variations in Chromogranin A / CHGA antibody staining intensity in immunohistochemistry on tissue sections are present across different anatomical locations. (enquirebio.com)
  • Tissues from cancer patients, for instance, have their own distinct pattern of Chromogranin A / CHGA expression as measured by anti-Chromogranin A / CHGA antibody immunohistochemical staining. (enquirebio.com)
  • In humans, chromogranin A protein is encoded by the CHGA gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Examples of cells producing chromogranin A (ChgA) are chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, paraganglia, enterochromaffin-like cells and beta cells of the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: CHGA, also known as CGA or chromogranin A, is an acidic protein costored and coreleased with catecholamines from storage granules in the adrenal medulla. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
  • General Description of Chromogranin A / CHGA. (enquirebio.com)
  • Low, but measureable presence of Chromogranin A / CHGA could be seen inneuronal cells in the caudate nucleus, cerebral cortex and hippocampus, respiratory epithelial cells in the bronchus and neuronal cells in the caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex and hippocampus. (enquirebio.com)
  • We were unable to detect Chromogranin A / CHGA in other tissues. (enquirebio.com)
  • Generation of NOD mice lacking the chromogranin A protein (NOD.ChgA−/−) completely nullified the autoreactivity of the BDC2.5 T cell and conferred protection from diabetes onset. (wustl.edu)
  • Here we revisited the NOD.ChgA−/− mice and found that their lack of diabetes development may not be solely explained by the absence of chromogranin A reactivity. (wustl.edu)
  • Description: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/secretogranin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
  • Aims: Inflammation has been linked to the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Chromogranins A, B (CgA, CgB) and secretogranin II (SgII), are prohormones overexpressed in inflammatory diseases. (unisr.it)
  • It belongs to the family of granins that includes chromogranin B, chromogranin C, and secretogranin II. (medscape.com)
  • Chromogranin A is cleaved by an endogenous prohormone convertase to produce several peptide fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromogranin A is the precursor to several functional peptides including vasostatin-1, vasostatin-2, pancreastatin, catestatin and parastatin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chromogranin A-derived peptides vasostatin-I and catestatin as regulatory peptides for cardiovascular functions. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • New biological aspects of chromogranin A-derived peptides: focus on vasostatins. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Chromogranin A contains multiple cleavage sites, which undergo a tissue-specific proteolytic process, leading to the production of many biologically active peptides including vasostatin I, vasostatin II, pancreastatin, catestatin, parastatin, and serpinin. (medscape.com)
  • Adenocarcinoma ex-goblet cell carcinoid (AdexGCC) was considered a neuroendocrine adenocarcinoma, despite majority of tumor cells being negative for conventional neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin and synaptophysin. (gastrores.org)
  • Recently, insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has been identified as a novel neuroendocrine marker that is more sensitive than chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56 in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. (gastrores.org)
  • We studied this marker in conjunction with chromogranin, synaptophysin, and CD56 in 36 appendiceal AdexGCCs (21 primaries, 15 metastatic). (gastrores.org)
  • Primary and metastatic AdexGCCs showed no difference in INSM1, chromogranin, synaptophysin, or CD56 staining. (gastrores.org)
  • INSM1 exhibits low expression in AdexGCCs and is expressed by a lower proportion of tumor cells compared to chromogranin and synaptophysin. (gastrores.org)
  • Conventional neuroendocrine markers, such as chromogranin and synaptophysin, however, are often negative or focally positive in these tumors [ 2 , 3 ]. (gastrores.org)
  • Hristov et al previously demonstrated that chromogranin and synaptophysin were only expressed in 37% and 30% of AdexGCCs, respectively [ 2 ]. (gastrores.org)
  • In contrast, conventional carcinoids are often diffusely positive for chromogranin and synaptophysin, with abundant electron-dense granules on electron microscopy [ 4 ]. (gastrores.org)
  • The Chromogranin A Test Results High reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
  • Chromogranin A can be either measured in the serum or detected by immunohistochemistry in a tissue specimen. (medscape.com)
  • Serum chromogranin A can be elevated in other situations and conditions, including chronic proton-pump inhibitors use, renal failure, liver failure, heart failure, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and hypertension. (medscape.com)
  • Chromogranin A is a reliable serum diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors but not for insulinomas. (medscape.com)
  • Clearance of an automated immunoassay allows practices to measure chromogranin A concentration in human serum, thereby tracking disease progression in those with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Immunogen: Recombinant human chromogranin A protein. (scytek.com)
  • Specificity: Recognizes the Chromogranin A protein. (scytek.com)
  • Chromogranin A induces and promotes the generation of secretory granules such as those containing insulin in pancreatic islet beta cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description: Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
  • It has been shown that Chromogranin A is an excellent marker for carcinoid tumors, pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas and other neuroendocrine tumors. (dbs-india.com)
  • Chromogranin A may be a useful tumor marker to aid in predicting the extent of neuroendocrine differentiation and the time to recurrence in prostate cancer. (dbs-india.com)
  • Chromogranin A is a type of tumour marker. (humordiagnostica.co.za)
  • Click here for more information on the use of Chromogranin A as a tumour marker for prostate cancer. (humordiagnostica.co.za)
  • Determination of chromogranin A (marker of neuroendocrine tumors). (rezus.lt)
  • Chromogranin A (a marker of neuroendocrine tumors) is one of the most important indicators in the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors. (rezus.lt)
  • There have been evidence to suggest that elevated circulating chromogranin A levels would be vital markers for tumors of neuroendocrine origin. (elisakits.co.uk)
  • Chromogranin A: any relevance in neuroendocrine tumors? (elisakits.co.uk)
  • A wide variety of neuroendocrine tumors stain positive for chromogranin A. (medscape.com)
  • Adrenal system tumors that stain positive for chromogranin A include pheochromocytoma. (medscape.com)
  • Chromogranin A, Ki-67 index and IGF-related genes in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, the global deficiency of chromogranin A impairs recognition of the major diabetogenic antigen insulin, leading to broadly impaired autoimmune responses controlled by multiple regulatory mechanisms. (wustl.edu)
  • Immunoreactivity for chromogranin in a testicular well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid). (webpathology.com)
  • The combination of LK2H10 and PHE5 is specifically designed for sensitive detection of Chromogranin A in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. (dbs-india.com)
  • Chromogranins are the main soluble proteins in the large dense core secretory vesicles (LDCVs) found in aminergic neurons and chromaffin cells. (nih.gov)
  • OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate whether chromogranin A (ChA) is tonically released in adrenal vein blood and might be used to assess the selectivity of AVS. (unipd.it)
  • chromogranin-A (CgA)+ Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells account for 0.41% of all epithelial cells in the conducting airway, but are absent from the alveoli. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body. (dbs-india.com)
  • By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells are positive for inhibin and negative for chromogranin and S100. (cap.org)
  • Routine staining and immunohistochemistry for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF IR), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), chromogranin A (CgA) was applied. (utlib.ee)
  • Chromagranin A Laboratories manufactures the chromogranin a test results high reagents distributed by Genprice. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
  • He underwent an en bloc resection, and pathological findings concluded to a metastasis of a pulmonary combined small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. (hindawi.com)
  • Chromogranin A: a useful biomarker in castration-resistant prostate cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we have further studied the role played by these proteins by generating mice lacking both chromogranins. (nih.gov)
  • Although chromogranins are thought to be essential for their biogenesis, LDCVs were evident in these mice. (nih.gov)
  • Relevant modifications of some enteroendocrine markers, such as Chromogranin A, and their correlation with disease activity have been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. (unimi.it)
  • Chromogranin A and other enteroendocrine markers in inflammatory bowel disease / S. Massironi, A. Zilli, F. Cavalcoli, D. Conte, M. Peracchi. (unimi.it)
  • We recently demonstrated that chromogranins A and B each regulate the concentration of adrenaline in chromaffin granules and its exocytosis. (nih.gov)
  • These data demonstrate that although chromogranins regulate the amine concentration in LDCVs, they are not completely essential, and other proteins unrelated to neurosecretion, such as fibrinogen, might compensate for their loss to ensure that vesicles are generated and the secretory pathway conserved. (nih.gov)
  • To purchase these products, for the MSDS, Data Sheet, protocol, storage conditions/temperature or for the concentration, please contact chromagranin A. Other Chromogranin products are available in stock. (postgenomeconsortium.com)
  • Chromogranin A may be found in higher-than-normal amounts in patients with certain neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and other conditions. (humordiagnostica.co.za)
  • Further data were obtained from PubMed and Embase databases by searches using keywords , including chromogranin A and prostate cancer . (bvsalud.org)
  • The presence of strong anti-chromogranin staining and absence of anti-keratin staining should raise the possibility of paraganglioma. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • There are considerable differences in the amino acid composition between different species' chromogranin A . Commercial assays for measuring human CGA can usually not be used for measuring CGA in samples from other animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chromogranin A can be used, in conjunction with other testing modalities, as a diagnostic tool, but caution is advised since it is elevated in many other conditions. (medscape.com)
  • The nociceptive effects of i.p administration of a synthetic peptide (CgA4-16) derived from chromogranin A (CgA) were studied on a model of inflammatory (somato-visceral) pain. (nih.gov)
  • Inflammatory mediators participate in controlling the activity of enterochromaffin cells that store and release chromogranins. (nih.gov)
  • Co-expression of Chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. (cmvpromotor.com)
  • Reportedly, co-expression of certain keratins and chromogranin indicates neuroendocrine lineage. (neobiotechnologies.com)
  • The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. (neobiotechnologies.com)