Chromogranin b. Medical search

A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in a rat PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELL LINE. It is found in many species including human, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 626 to 657 amino acid residues. In some species, it inhibits secretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE or INSULIN and exerts bacteriolytic effects in others.

A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is also found in other tissues and in many species including human, bovine, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 431 to 445 amino acid residues. It contains fragments that inhibit vasoconstriction or release of hormones and neurotransmitter, while other fragments exert antimicrobial actions.

A group of acidic proteins that are major components of SECRETORY GRANULES in the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. They play important roles in the aggregation, packaging, sorting, and processing of secretory protein prior to secretion. They are cleaved to release biologically active peptides. There are various types of granins, usually classified by their sources.

A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. It is found in several species including human, rat, mouse, and others. Secretogranin II is an acidic protein of 559 to 586 amino acid residues that can stimulate DOPAMINE release from neurons and release of pituitary GONADOTROPINS.

The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA. PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation.

Intracellular receptors that bind to INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE and play an important role in its intracellular signaling. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are calcium channels that release CALCIUM in response to increased levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the CYTOPLASM.

Peptide hormones secreted into the blood by cells in the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS of the pancreas. The alpha cells secrete glucagon; the beta cells secrete insulin; the delta cells secrete somatostatin; and the PP cells secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

A stack of flattened vesicles that functions in posttranslational processing and sorting of proteins, receiving them from the rough ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and directing them to secretory vesicles, LYSOSOMES, or the CELL MEMBRANE. The movement of proteins takes place by transfer vesicles that bud off from the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus and fuse with the Golgi, lysosomes or cell membrane. (From Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)

A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.

Vesicles derived from the GOLGI APPARATUS containing material to be released at the cell surface.

Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system.

Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)

Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS C ANTIGENS including antibodies to envelope, core, and non-structural proteins.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Immunoglobulins raised by any form of viral hepatitis; some of these antibodies are used to diagnose the specific kind of hepatitis.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A genus of FLAVIVIRIDAE causing parenterally-transmitted HEPATITIS C which is associated with transfusions and drug abuse. Hepatitis C virus is the type species.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.

The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).

A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.

Receptors in the vascular system, particularly the aorta and carotid sinus, which are sensitive to stretch of the vessel walls.

The dilated portion of the common carotid artery at its bifurcation into external and internal carotids. It contains baroreceptors which, when stimulated, cause slowing of the heart, vasodilatation, and a fall in blood pressure.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A MARVEL domain-containing protein found in the presynaptic vesicles of NEURONS and NEUROENDOCRINE CELLS. It is commonly used as an immunocytochemical marker for neuroendocrine differentiation.

A group of carcinomas which share a characteristic morphology, often being composed of clusters and trabecular sheets of round "blue cells", granular chromatin, and an attenuated rim of poorly demarcated cytoplasm. Neuroendocrine tumors include carcinoids, small ("oat") cell carcinomas, medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, Merkel cell tumor, cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and pheochromocytoma. Neurosecretory granules are found within the tumor cells. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

A system of NEURONS that has the specialized function to produce and secrete HORMONES, and that constitutes, in whole or in part, an ENDOCRINE SYSTEM or organ.

A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is primarily regulated by its association with HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS. It is structurally related to PHOSPHOLIPASE C DELTA with the addition of C-terminal extension of 400 residues.

A plant family of the order THEALES, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida, best known for CAMELLIA SINENSIS, which is the source of Oriental TEA.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of the physiology and diseases of the digestive system and related structures (esophagus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas).

Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.

Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.

A segment of the LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that includes the CECUM; the COLON; and the RECTUM.

Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B mediates membrane binding and directs sorting from the trans-Golgi network to secretory granules. (1/53)

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B (CgB), a regulated secretory protein with widespread distribution in neuroendocrine cells, is known to be essential for the sorting of CgB from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to immature secretory granules. Here we show that this loop, when fused to the constitutively secreted protein alpha1-antitrypsin (AT), is sufficient to direct the fusion protein to secretory granules. Importantly, the sorting efficiency of the AT reporter protein bearing two loops (E2/3-AT-E2/3) is much higher compared with that of AT with a single disulfide-bonded loop. In contrast to endogenous CgB, E2/3-AT-E2/3 does not undergo Ca2+/pH-dependent aggregation in the TGN. Furthermore, the disulfide-bonded loop of CgB mediates membrane binding in the TGN and does so with 5-fold higher efficiency if two loops are present on the reporter protein. The latter finding supports the concept that under physiological conditions, aggregates of CgB are the sorted units of cargo which have multiple loops on their surface leading to high membrane binding and sorting efficiency of CgB in the TGN. (+info)

Characterisation of N-terminal chromogranin A and chromogranin B in mammals by region-specific radioimmunoassays and chromatographic separation methods. (2/53)

Chromogranin A (CgA) and chromogranin B (CgB) are acidic proteins stored in and released from hormone granules in endocrine and neuroendocrine tissue. The chromogranins are postulated to serve as pro-hormones to generate biologically active peptides, which may influence hormonal release and vascular functions or have antibacterial functions. Although N-terminal and C-terminal regions show some species amino acid homology, the chromogranins as a whole display considerable interspecies differences, which prevents their use in comparative studies of biological functions. We present four new radioimmunoassays for the measurement of defined N-terminal regions of CgA and CgB. A new radioimmunoassay for measurement of intact bovine CgA has also been developed. With these assays and two previously published ones, we have compared the cross-reactivity of chromogranins from man, cattle, sheep, goat, pig and horse and compared adrenomedullar content and serum levels of CgA from these species. We have also studied the influence of peptide concentrations and the ionic strength of the mobile phase on molecular weight estimations. Assays with antibodies directed against the N-terminal parts of CgA and CgB showed sufficient interspecies cross-reactivity to allow comparative quantification of the circulating levels in man, cattle, sheep, goat, pig and horse. Assays measuring the intact human or bovine CgA were not suitable for comparative purposes in samples from sheep, goat, pig and horse. Molecular interactions between vasostatin immunoreactive material and intact bovine CgA were demonstrated in gel permeation studies, suggesting that conclusions about the degree of N-terminal processing from elution profiles should be made with caution. Reliable interspecies comparison of chromogranins is difficult, but measurements with region-specific assays may be helpful to study concentrations of chromogranins and chromogranin-related peptides. (+info)

Identification and characterization of novel chromogranin B-derived peptides from porcine chromaffin granules by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem MS. (3/53)

Chromogranin B (CgB) is a regulated secretory protein that is stored in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. It can be processed proteolytically to small peptide fragments. In the present study three proteolytic products of porcine CgB were obtained after size-exclusion, immunoaffinity, and reversed-phase chromatography, and then identified by electrospray tandem MS. One novel peptide was identified as S586-R602 (SR-17) and is phosphorylated at one or two serine residues. Another novel peptide H603-Q636 (HQ-34), with molecular mass 3815.56 Da, was found to be oxidized at the methionine residue. In addition, a secretolytin-like peptide fragment (KR-11), which is two amino acids shorter than the bovine secretolytin, was found. This is the first report that the C-terminal region of CgB, the homologue of human CCB, is proteolytically processed further into three small peptide fragments. (+info)

Molecular characterization of frog chromogranin B reveals conservation of selective sequences encoding potential novel regulatory peptides. (4/53)

Chromogranin B (CgB) is a member of the granin family of neuroendocrine secretory proteins, which has been proposed to play a role in secretory granule biogenesis and as a precursor to bioactive peptides. The cloning of CgB in a phylogenetically distant vertebrate, the frog Rana ridibunda, reveals a modest overall homology (35-40%) with mammalian CgB. However, the sequences of the N- and C-terminal regions are more highly conserved (57-65% amino acid identity) and may give rise to novel regulatory peptides. In frog, intense expression of CgB mRNA was observed in particular structures of the brain and in the distal lobe of the pituitary. (+info)

Localization of the secretory granule marker protein chromogranin B in the nucleus. Potential role in transcription control. (5/53)

Chromogranins A (CGA) and B (CGB) are two major Ca(2+) storage proteins of the secretory granules of neuroendocrine cells. Nevertheless, we found in the present study that CGB was also localized in the nucleus. In immunogold electron microscopy using bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells, it was found that the number of CGB-labeled gold particles localized per microm(2) of the nucleus was equivalent to 20% that of CGB-labeled gold particles localized per microm(2) of the secretory granules. Considering that CGB is estimated to exist in the 0.1-0.2-mm range in the secretory granules of bovine chromaffin cells, 20% of these amounts to 20-40 microm. In addition, transfection of CGA and CGB into nonneuroendocrine COS-7 and NIH3T3 cells repeatedly indicated the nuclear localization of CGB in addition to its usual localization in the cytoplasm. Moreover, immunoblot and immunogold electron microscopy analyses of neuroendocrine PC12 cells also showed the existence of endogenous CGB in both the cytosol and the nucleus. Nuclear routing of CGB did not appear to depend entirely upon the nuclear localization signal as some of the nuclear localization signal mutant CGB were still targeted to the nucleus. In gene array assay, CGB was shown to either induce or suppress transcription of many genes including those of transcription factors. Of these we have analyzed eight genes, four induced (zinc finger protein, MEF2C, hCRP2, abLIM) and four suppressed (hcKrox, T3-receptor, troponin C, integrin) using the quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method and spectrophotometry to determine the transcription levels of each mRNA. CGB was shown to increase the transcription of zinc finger protein, MEF2C, hCRP2, and abLIM by 2.5-5-fold while suppressing that of hcKrox, T3-receptor, troponin C, and integrin by 60-75%. Given that MEF2C and hcKrox genes are transcription factors, these results pointed to the transcription control role of CGB in the nucleus. (+info)

Presence of chromogranin-derived antimicrobial peptides in plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery and evidence of an immune origin of these peptides. (6/53)

Chromogranin A (CGA) and chromogranin B (CGB) are acidic proteins stored in secretory organelles of endocrine cells and neurons. In addition to their roles as helper proteins in the packaging of peptides, they may serve as prohormones to generate biologically active peptides such as vasostatin-1 and secretolytin. These molecules derived from CGA and CGB, respectively, possess antimicrobial properties. The present study demonstrates that plasmatic levels of both vasostatin-1 and secretolytin increase during surgery in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Vasostatin-1 and secretolytin, initially present in plasma at low levels, are released just after skin incision. Consequently, they can be added to enkelytin, an antibacterial peptide derived from proenkephalin A, for the panoply of components acting as a first protective barrier against hypothetical invasion of pathogens, which may occur during surgery. CGA and CGB, more commonly viewed as markers for endocrine and neuronal cells, were also found to have an immune origin. RNA messengers coding for CGB were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in human monocytes, and immunocytochemical analysis by confocal microscopy revealed the presence of CGA or CGB or both in monocytes and neutrophils. A combination of techniques including confocal microscopic analysis, mass spectrometry measurement, and antibacterial tests allowed for the identification of the positive role of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the secretolytin release from monocytes in vitro. Because IL-6 release is known to be strongly enhanced during CPB, we suggest a possible relationship between IL-6 and the increased level of secretolytin in patients undergoing CPB. (+info)

Chromogranin B-induced secretory granule biogenesis: comparison with the similar role of chromogranin A. (7/53)

The two major proteins of secretory granules of secretory cells, chromogranins A (CGA) and B (CGB), have previously been proposed to play key roles in secretory granule biogenesis. Recently, CGA was reported to play an on/off switch role for secretory granule biogenesis. In the present study we found CGB being more effective than CGA in inducing secretory granule formation in non-neuroendocrine NIH3T3 and COS-7 cells. The mean number of dense core granules formed/cell of CGA-transfected NIH3T3 cells was 2.51, whereas that of CGB-transfected cells was 4.02, indicating the formation of 60% more granules in the CGB-transfected cells. Similarly, there were 55% more dense core granules formed in the CGB-transfected COS-7 cells than in the CGA-transfected cells. Moreover, transfection of CGA- and CGB-short interfering RNA (siRNA) into neuroendocrine PC12 cells not only decreased the amount of CGA and CGB expressed but also reduced the number of secretory granules by 41 and 78%, respectively, further suggesting the importance of CGB expression in secretory granule formation. (+info)

A functional interaction between chromogranin B and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca2+ channel. (8/53)

Chromogranins A and B (CGA and CGB) are high capacity, low affinity calcium (Ca2+) storage proteins found in many cell types most often associated with secretory granules of secretory cells but also with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen of these cells. Both CGA and CGB associate with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) in a pH-dependent manner. At an intraluminal pH of 5.5, as found in secretory vesicles, both CGA and CGB bind to the InsP3R. When the intraluminal pH is 7.5, as found in the ER, CGA totally dissociates from InsP3R, whereas CGB only partially dissociates. To investigate the functional consequences of the interaction between the InsP3R and CGB monomers or CGA/CGB heteromers, purified mouse InsP3R type I were fused to planar lipid bilayers and activated by 2 microM InsP3. In the presence of luminal CGB monomers or CGA/CGB heteromers the InsP3R/Ca2+ channel open probability and mean open time increased significantly. The channel activity remained elevated when the pH was changed to 7.5, a reflection of CGB binding to the InsP3R even at pH 7.5. These results suggest that CGB may play an important modulatory role in the control of Ca2+ release from the ER. Furthermore, the difference in the ability of CGA and CGB to regulate the InsP3R/Ca2+ channel and the variability of CGA/CGB ratios could influence the pattern of InsP3-mediated Ca2+ release. (+info)

Stridsberg M, Oberg K, Li Q, Engström U, Lundqvist G (January 1995). "Measurements of chromogranin A, chromogranin B ( ... Secretoneurin, is a 33-amino acid neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II (chromogranin C, CHGC). It is cleaved into the ... Tasiemski A, Hammad H, Vandenbulcke F, Breton C, Bilfinger TJ, Pestel J, Salzet M (July 2002). "Presence of chromogranin- ... Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M, Johansson H, Grimelius L (June 1997). "Complex co-localization of chromogranins and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretoneurin

An increased level of chromogranin A is a common marker of neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, the source of the increased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zollinger–Ellison_syndrome

... is a peptide hormone secreted from the chromogranin A-positive enteroendocrine cells called the K-cells in the mucous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenin

Hypersecretion of glucagon, somatostatin, chromogranin, or calcitonin, ectopic secretion of ACTH resulting in Cushing's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_endocrine_neoplasia_type_1

... positive Synaptophysin Chromogranin Smooth muscle actin Desmin Carcinoembrionary antigen CD99 antigen; S-100 neurofilaments AFP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_teratoid_rhabdoid_tumor

... chromogranin A (CgA), synaptophysin), are also quite frequently expressed in a significant proportion of rhabdoid cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-cell_lung_carcinoma_with_rhabdoid_phenotype

"The chromogranins and counter-regulatory hormones: do they make homeostatic sense?". Journal of Physiology. 517 (3): 643-649. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_homeostasis

1989). "Developmental profile of chromogranin, hormonal peptides, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in gastrointestinal endocrine cells ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Péptido_YY

This receptor is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and B cells. TRAF2 and TRAF5 can interact with this receptor, and mediate the signal transduction that leads to the activation of NF-kappaB. It is a positive regulator of apoptosis, and also has been shown to limit the proliferative potential of autoreactive CD8 effector T cells and protect the body against autoimmunity. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.[5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD30

The NCLs present with progressive loss of visual function and neurodevelopmental decline, seizure, myoclonic jerks and premature death. The CTSD gene is one of the identified eight genes the deficiency of which is responsible for NCLs.[10] It has been reported that a homozygous single nucleotide duplication in exon 6 could alter the reading frame and causes a premature stop codon at position 255. Over-expression of cathepsin D stimulates tumorigenicity and metastasis as well as initiation of tumor apoptosis. This protease has been regarded an independent marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer being correlated with the incidence of clinical metastasis.[21][22] Knock-out of CTSD gene would cause intestinal necrosis and hemorrhage and increase apoptosis in thymus, indicating that cathepsin D is required in certain epithelial cells for tissue remodeling and renewal.[9] It is also reported that there might be a strong effect for CTSD genotype on Alzheimer disease risk in male.[23] Cathepsin D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathepsin_D

GAP43, is a nervous tissue-specific cytoplasmic protein that can be attached to the membrane via a dual palmitoylation sequence on cysteines 3 and 4. This sequence targets GAP43 to lipid rafts. It is a major protein kinase C (PKC) substrate and is considered to play a key role in neurite formation, regeneration, and plasticity.[7][8] The role of GAP-43 in CNS development is not limited to effects on axons: It is also a component of the centrosome, and differentiating neurons that do not express GAP-43 show mislocalization of the centrosome and mitotic spindles, particularly in neurogenic cell divisions. As a consequence, in the cerebellum, the neuronal precursor pool fails to expand normally and the cerebellum is significantly smaller.. Several different laboratories studying the same protein, now called GAP43, initially used different names. It was designated F1, then B-50, then GAP43, pp46, and finally neuromodulin, each name reflecting a different function of the same molecule.[9] F1 was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAP-43

... was first described in 1976,[16] first purified in 1977,[17] the gene was cloned in 1989,[6] and the first knockout mouse was created in 1996.[18] The function of desmin has been deduced through studies in knockout mice. Desmin is one of the earliest protein markers for muscle tissue in embryogenesis as it is detected in the somites.[12] Although it is present early in the development of muscle cells, it is only expressed at low levels, and increases as the cell nears terminal differentiation. A similar protein, vimentin, is present in higher amounts during embryogenesis while desmin is present in higher amounts after differentiation. This suggests that there may be some interaction between the two in determining muscle cell differentiation. However desmin knockout mice develop normally and only experience defects later in life.[13] Since desmin is expressed at a low level during differentiation another protein may be able to compensate for desmin's function early in development but not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmin

Serum markers: elevated serum chromogranin A levels. Pathology[edit]. In most DIPNECH cases, upon examination of the lung ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_idiopathic_pulmonary_neuroendocrine_cell_hyperplasia

SCLC derived from neuroendocrine cells may express CD56, neural cell adhesion molecule, synaptophysin or chromogranin.[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer

... chromogranin）等等[1]。 ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/肺癌

... chromogranin A, and neurotensin, do not cause a clinical syndrome although blood levels may be elevated.[8] In total, 85% of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_neuroendocrine_tumor

Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most widely used biochemical tumour marker for NETs, however, its prognostic utility has been ... This is the first study to assess the prognostic utility of chromogranin B (CgB), a marker of NET that is less affected by ... Chromogranin B: a possible prognostic biomarker for neuroendocrine tumours?. Nipuni E Wanniachchi Wanigasekara, Paul Bech & ... Further comparisons of chromogranins with different measures of tumour burden demonstrated that plasma CgB levels were ...

https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0038/ea0038P160

68 Serum chromogranin A as tumor marker in neuroendocrine tumors. Introduction: Serum chromogranin A (CgA) is used as a tumor ... Introduction: Chromogranin B (CgB) is a soluble secretory protein like chromogranin A (CgA) that has been reported to be ... 783 A Comparison of Three Chromogranin A Assays in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors. Introduction: Chromogranin A (CgA) is ... 487 Validation of Chromogranin A Assays in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors. Introduction: CgA is the most important ...

https://www.enets.org/an-isolated-abnormal-chromogranin-b-is-associated-with-pancreato-duodenal-nets-and-the-presence-of-liver-metastases.html

Chromogranin B, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene ... The primary structure of human secretogranin I (chromogranin B): comparison with chromogranin A reveals homologous terminal ... chromogranin B (catecholamine and norepenephrine secretory protein) *CHGB. UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function: Secretogranin-1 is a ... Chromogranin B P413L variant as risk factor and modifier of disease onset for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (PMID: 20007371) ...

http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CHGB

"The primary structure of human secretogranin I (chromogranin B): comparison with chromogranin A reveals homologous terminal ... "The primary structure of human secretogranin I (chromogranin B): comparison with chromogranin A reveals homologous terminal ... "The primary structure of human secretogranin I (chromogranin B): comparison with chromogranin A reveals homologous terminal ... "Chromogranin B: isolation from pheochromocytoma, N-terminal sequence, tissue distribution and secretory vesicle processing.". ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P05060

Here we report the generation and characterization of mice lacking chromogranin B (CgB-ko), which were viable and fertile. ... Work in cell lines has suggested that the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed granins, chromogranin A and B (CgA and CgB ... Defective Secretion of Islet Hormones in Chromogranin-B Deficient Mice. Obermüller S, Calegari F, King A, Lindqvist A, ... Defective Secretion of Islet Hormones in Chromogranin-B Deficient Mice. PLOS ONE 5(1): e8936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. ...

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/citation?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0008936

Human chromogranin B (secretogranin 1) (CHGB) available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company. ... Chgb (untagged) - Mouse chromogranin B (Chgb), (10ug). $190. Next day. MR209967. Chgb (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse chromogranin B ( ... CHGB (GFP-tagged) - Human chromogranin B (secretogranin 1) (CHGB). pCMV6-AC-GFP. pLenti-C-Myc-DDK. pLenti-C-mGFP. $610. In ... Chgb (GFP-tagged) - Mouse chromogranin B (Chgb). $920. 3 weeks. MR209967L1. Lenti ORF clone of Chgb (Myc-DDK-tagged) - Mouse ...

http://www.origene.com/orf_clone/trueclone/NM_001819/RC201744/CHGB.aspx

Chromogranin-B, Secretogranin I. Uniprot ID. P05060. Protein Name. Secretogranin-1. Description. CHGB Fragment MS Protein ...

https://www.creative-proteomics.com/product/detail-cpilf22647_11356.htm

Gros-Louis F, Andersen PM, Dupré N, Urushitani M, Dion P, Souchon F, et al. Chromogranin B P413L variant as risk factor and ...

https://cervo.ulaval.ca/en/publications?page=6&%3Bamp%3Bf%5Bauthor%5D=3903&%3Bf%5Bauthor%5D=4420&f%5Bauthor%5D=861

a proportion of human TFH [follicular helper T] cells contain dense-core granules marked by chromogranin B, which are normally ...

http://flashontrack.blogspot.it/2017/07/s-pnei-brain-like-activities-syntesis.html

... which enhances accumulation of CD40L and chromogranin B granules at the human TFH cell synapse and increases the synapse area. ... Here we show that a proportion of human TFH cells contain dense-core granules marked by chromogranin B, which are normally ... Here we show that a proportion of human TFH cells contain dense-core granules marked by chromogranin B, which are normally ... which enhances accumulation of CD40L and chromogranin B granules at the human TFH cell synapse and increases the synapse area. ...

https://www.kennedy.ox.ac.uk/publications/708069

Chromogranin B * Hypertension * Promoter Regions, Genetic abstract * The common CHGB promoter variants A-296C and A-261T, and ...

http://vivo.med.cornell.edu/display/pubid77949884304

The chromogranin A test (CgA) is used in combination with 5-HIAA to help diagnose carcinoid tumors and may also be used to ... The chromogranin A (CgA) test is used as a tumor marker. It may be ordered alone or in combination with a 5-HIAA test to help ... The level of chromogranin A in the blood is normally low. If you have no signs or symptoms and a normal level of CgA, it is ... Chromogranin A (CgA) is a protein released from neuroendocrine cells. These are cells that release hormones in response to ...

https://labtestsonline.org/tests/chromogranin

If you know of any papers that use this antibody, please contact us at antibodies [at] alzforum [dot] org for consideration in the References section.. ...

https://www.alzforum.org/antibodies/chromogranin-24

The level of chromogranin A in the blood is normally low. A person with no signs or symptoms and a normal level of CgA is ... The chromogranin A (CgA) test is used as a tumor marker. It may be ordered in combination with a 5-HIAA test to help diagnose ... Should everyone have a chromogranin A test?. No. This test is usually ordered to help diagnose and monitor a carcinoid or other ... Chromogranin A can also be increased in people who take proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are drugs that reduce the amount ...

https://www.labcorp.com/help/patient-test-info/chromogranin-a

Chromogranins and secretogranins together share a C-terminal motif, whereas chromogranins A and B share a region of high ... Secretogranin 1 (chromogranin B): A sulfated protein of about 600 residues.. *Secretogranin 2 (chromogranin C): A sulfated ... Chromogranin A (CGA): CGA is a protein of about 420 residues; it is the precursor of the peptide pancreastatin which strongly ... Granins (chromogranins or secretogranins) [PMID: 2053134] are a family of acidic proteins present in the secretory granules of ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001990

It belongs to the family of granins that includes chromogranin B, chromogranin C, and secretogranin II. ... Chromogranin A is a secretory protein, composed of 439 amino acids, found in the large dense-core vesicles of the ... It belongs to the family of granins that includes chromogranin B, chromogranin C, and secretogranin II. Chromogranin A contains ... encoded search term (Chromogranin%20A) and Chromogranin A What to Read Next on Medscape. Medscape Consult. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2114314-overview

Chromogranin A. Storage and release in hypertension.. M A Takiyyuddin, J H Cervenka, R J Hsiao, J A Barbosa, R J Parmer, D T ... Chromogranin A. Storage and release in hypertension.. M A Takiyyuddin, J H Cervenka, R J Hsiao, J A Barbosa, R J Parmer and D T ... Chromogranin A. Storage and release in hypertension.. M A Takiyyuddin, J H Cervenka, R J Hsiao, J A Barbosa, R J Parmer and D T ... especially that of chromogranin A, has greatly expanded during recent years. Chromogranin A is coreleased with catecholamines ...

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/15/3/237

Rabbit polyclonal Chromogranin A antibody. Validated in WB, IHC, ICC/IF and tested in Mouse, Rat, Dog, Human, Pig, Monkey. ... Anti-Chromogranin A antibody (ab45179) at 1/1000 dilution (purified) + PC-12 cell lysate at 20 µg. Secondary. Goat Anti-Rabbit ... Anti-Chromogranin A antibody (ab45179) at 1/5000 dilution (purified) + SH-SY5Y cell lysate at 10 µg. Secondary. Goat Anti- ... Anti-Chromogranin A antibody (ab45179) at 1/10000 dilution (unpurified) + PC-12 cell lysate at 10 µg. Secondary. HRP-conjugated ...

https://www.abcam.com/chromogranin-a-antibody-ab45179.html

References for Abcams Anti-Chromogranin C antibody (ab96589). Please let us know if you have used this product in your ...

http://www.abcam.com/chromogranin-c-antibody-ab96589-references.html

Evaluation of psychosomatic stress in children by measuring salivary chromogranin A.. Lee T1, Shimizu T, Iijima M, Obinata K, ... To investigate the usefulness of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) and cortisol as stress markers, and the effects of distraction ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16882565?dopt=Abstract

Chromogranin B-induced secretory granule biogenesis: comparison with the similar role of chromogranin A. J Biol Chem. 2003; 278 ... Chromogranin A, an "on/off" switch controlling dense-core secretory granule biogenesis. Cell. 2001; 106: 499-509. ... Hypertension from targeted ablation of chromogranin A can be rescued by the human ortholog. J Clin Invest. 2005; 115: 1942-1952 ... A panel of 11 region-specific radioimmunoassays for measurements of human chromogranin A. Regul Pept. 2004; 117: 219-227. ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/115/17/2271

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https://www.akronchildrens.org/lab_tests/Chromogranin-A.html

... chromogranin explanation free. What is chromogranin? Meaning of chromogranin medical term. What does chromogranin mean? ... Looking for online definition of chromogranin in the Medical Dictionary? ... Chromogranin , definition of chromogranin by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/chromogranin ... chromogranin. Also found in: Acronyms, Wikipedia. chro·mo·gran·in. (krōmō-granin), A soluble and secretory hormone proteins ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Chromogranin

Jetzt Chromogranins versandkostenfrei online kaufen & per Rechnung bezahlen bei Weltbild.de, Ihrem Bücher-Spezialisten! ... Rezension zu „Chromogranins ". I recommend Chromogranins for students and basic scientists interested not only in chromogranins ... Proteolytic processing of chromogranins; A. Laslop, et al. 13. Endothelial handling of chromogranin A; M. Mandalà, et al. 14. ... Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Chromogranins ". Part 1: Introduction. 1. The chromogranins: Historical perspectives; K.B. Helle. 2. ...

https://www.weltbild.de/artikel/buch/chromogranins_16328423-1

chromogranin-A , chromogranin A , cgA , SP-I , betagranin (N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A) , parathyroid secretory ... Chromogranin A (CHGA) Antigen-Profil Beschreibung des Gens The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the chromogranin/ ... anti-Chromogranin A (CHGA) Antikörper. Bezeichnung:. anti-Chromogranin A Antikörper (CHGA). Auf www.antikoerper-online.de ... Weitere Antikörper gegen Chromogranin A Interaktionspartner. Zebrafish Chromogranin A (CHGA) Interaktionspartner * Study ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/negative-regulation-of-hormone-secretion-pathway-43/chga-antibody-2692/

Chromogranin A (ChgA) is a beta cell secretory granule protein and a peptide of ChgA, WE14, was recently identified as a ligand ... Chromogranin A is a T cell antigen in human type 1 diabetes J Autoimmun. 2014 May;50:38-41. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.10.003. ... Chromogranin A (ChgA) is a beta cell secretory granule protein and a peptide of ChgA, WE14, was recently identified as a ligand ... Keywords: Autoantigen; Autoreactive CD4 T cells; Chromogranin A; Human; Post-translational modification; Type 1 diabetes. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24239002/?dopt=Abstract

anti-Chromogranin A, PerCP, Clone: SPM553, Novus Biologicals 100 Tests; PerCP Life Sciences:Antibodies:Primary Antibodies:Flow ... betagranin (N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A), CGA, chromogranin A (parathyroid secretory protein 1), chromogranin-A, ... Chromogranin A Monoclonal antibody specifically detects Chromogranin A in Human samples. It is validated for Western Blot, Flow ... Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/anti-mouse-chromogranin-a-percp-clone-spm553-novus-biologicals/NBP234795P

Secretogranin II (chromogranin C), bImported. ,p>Information which has been imported from another database using automatic ... tr,A0JMK6,A0JMK6_DANRE Secretogranin II (chromogranin C), b OS=Danio rerio OX=7955 GN=scg2b PE=2 SV=1 ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0JMK6

Shop a large selection of products and learn more about Thermo Scientific Lab Vision Chromogranin A Ab-1, Mouse Monoclonal ... Coexpression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. Host Species: Mouse. ... Chromogranin A (a protein of 439-amino acids which is encoded on chromosome 14) is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout ... reproducible results in immunohistochemistry and western blotting experiments with Thermo Scientific Chromogranin A Ab-1, Mouse ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/chromogranin-a-ab-1-mouse-monoclonal-antibody/ms324b

... Zhang, Xueli Orebro Univ, Sweden; ... In order to investigate these early diagnostic biomarkers for colon cancer, human chromogranin-A (CHGA) was further analyzed ...

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?faces-redirect=true&language=no&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&pid=diva2%3A1338135&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all

Chromogranin-A Isoform 1 Preproprotein or CHGA is part of the neuroendocrine secretory proteins of the chromogranin/ ... CHGA, CGA, Chromogranin-A, Vasostatin I, SP-I, Pituitary secretory protein I. ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/chromogranin_a

Chromogranin A (CGA) is a neurosecretory protein initially identified in bovine adrenal medulla and produced simultaneously ... Chromogranin A (CGA) is a neurosecretory protein initially identified in bovine adrenal medulla and produced simultaneously ... Bioclinica Lab employs a manual sandwich radioimmunoassay designed for the measurement of whole and fragmented Chromogranin A ...

http://bioclinica.com/biomarker-services/biomarker-menu/cga-chromogranin

Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Chromogranin A Antibody (SPM553) [DyLight 650]. Neuroendocrine Marker. Validated: WB, ELISA, Flow, ICC/IF ... Home » Chromogranin A » Chromogranin A Antibodies » Chromogranin A Antibody (SPM553) [DyLight 650] ... Reviews for Chromogranin A Antibody (NBP2-34795C) (0) There are no reviews for Chromogranin A Antibody (NBP2-34795C). By ... Alternate Names for Chromogranin A Antibody (SPM553) [DyLight 650]. *betagranin (N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A) ...

https://www.novusbio.com/products/chromogranin-a-antibody-spm553_nbp2-34795c

Study Using Chromogranin A as Surveillance Biomarker in Patients with cARcinoids. * Print details ... The purpose of this study is to monitor and validate the performance and stability of the BRAHMS Chromogranin A (CgA) II ...

https://www.mayo.edu/research/clinical-trials/cls-20447457

Pancreastatin, a chromogranin A-derived peptide, activates Galpha(16) and phospholipase C-beta(2) by interacting with specific ... Pancreastatin (PST) is one of the chromogranin A (CGA)-derived peptides with known biological activity. It has a general ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11257446?dopt=Abstract

Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Chromogranin A Antibody (PHE5) [Alexa Fluor® 700]. Neuroendocrine Marker. Validated: WB, ELISA, Flow, ICC ... Home » Chromogranin A » Chromogranin A Antibodies » Chromogranin A Antibody (PHE5) [Alexa Fluor® 700] ... Alternate Names for Chromogranin A Antibody (PHE5) [Alexa Fluor® 700]. *betagranin (N-terminal fragment of chromogranin A) ... PTMs for Chromogranin A Antibody (NBP2-34709AF700). Learn more about PTMs related to Chromogranin A Antibody (NBP2-34709AF700). ...

https://www.novusbio.com/products/chromogranin-a-antibody-phe5_nbp2-34709af700

... chromogranins were reported to interact specifically with mutant forms of superoxide dismutase that are linked to amyotrophic ... Chromogranin B P413L variant as risk factor and modifier of disease onset for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Proc Natl Acad Sci ... Recently, chromogranins were reported to interact specifically with mutant forms of superoxide dismutase that are linked to ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20007371/?dopt=Abstract

The antibodies were raised to N-terminal of purified chromogranin A. These antibodies reacted with human chromogranin A as ... Chromogranin A (CgA) is considered to be a common marker for the GI endocrine cells [30-32]. The CgA cell density was ... L. Taupenot, K. L. Harper, and D. T. OConnor, "The chromogranin-secretogranin family," The New England Journal of Medicine, ... L. J. Deftos, "Chromogranin A: its role in endocrine function and as an endocrine and neuroendocrine tumor marker," Endocrine ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/grp/2015/823897/

Chromogranin A ELISA from Cisbio Bioassays is a superior sandwich assay for the quantitative determination of CgA in human ... CisBios Chromoa® Chromogranin A ELISA. Chromoa®. The Chromoa® Chromogranin A ELISA from Cisbio Bioassays is for the ... Chromogranin A. Chromogranin A (CgA) is a glycoprotein widely expressed in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. CgA is a ... Applications for Chromogranin A. Research has demonstrated several applications for Chromogranin A level measurements:. *CgA ...

https://www.alpco.com/chromoa-chromogranin-a-elisa

Gratzl, Manfred (1987): Distibution of the Ca2+ binding protein chromogranin A in the pancreatic islet. In: Heym, Christine ( ...

https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/7500/index.html

Work in cell lines has suggested that the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed granins, chromogranin A and B (CgA and CgB ... Here we report the generation and characterization of mice lacking chromogranin B (CgB-ko), which were viable and fertile. ... Defective secretion of islet hormones in chromogranin-B deficient mice. Obermüller, Stefanie ...

http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A300465&c=49&searchType=SIMPLE&language=en&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22personId%22%3A%22authority-person%3A13470+OR+0000-0003-4661-5724%22%7D%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all

Chromogranin B (CgB) is a soluble secretory protein like chromogranin A (CgA) that has been reported to be elevated in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) but is not routinely assessed. (enets.org)

Chromogranin B P413L variant as risk factor and modifier of disease onset for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (ulaval.ca)

Dopamine causes rapid translocation of intracellular ICOSL (inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand, also known as ICOSLG) to the B-cell surface, which enhances accumulation of CD40L and chromogranin B granules at the human TFH cell synapse and increases the synapse area. (ox.ac.uk)

Chromogranin B: a possible prognostic biomarker for neuroendocrine tumours? (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Further comparisons of chromogranins with different measures of tumour burden demonstrated that plasma CgB levels were associated with a significant increased risk of disease progression. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most widely used biochemical tumour marker for NETs, however, its prognostic utility has been questioned due to several non-neuroendocrine causes of elevated CgA. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Chromogranin A Monoclonal antibody specifically detects Chromogranin A in Human samples. (fishersci.com)
Obtain accurate, reproducible results in immunohistochemistry and western blotting experiments with Thermo Scientific Chromogranin A Ab-1, Mouse Monoclonal Antibody. (fishersci.com)
There are currently no images for Chromogranin A Antibody (NBP2-34795C). (novusbio.com)
This antibody recognizes Chromogranin A, which is present in neuroendocrine cells. (biotium.com)
PC-12 cells were subjected to SDS PAGE followed by western blot with 10529-1-AP (Chromogranin A antibody) at dilution of 1:1000 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptglab.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue slide using 10529-1-AP (Chromogranin A antibody) at dilution of 1:1600 (under 10x lens). (ptglab.com)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human pancreas tissue slide using 10529-1-AP (Chromogranin A antibody) at dilution of 1:1600 (under 40x lens). (ptglab.com)
Immunofluorescent analysis of (4% PFA) fixed mouse pancreas tissue using 10529-1-AP (Chromogranin A antibody), at dilution of 1:400 and CoraLite®488-Conjugated AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG(H+L). (ptglab.com)
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) for porcine salivary chromogranin A (CgA) measurements, using a species-specific antibody, and evaluate its behaviour in an acute stress model. (semanticscholar.org)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of canine chromogranin A by use of immunological cross-reactivity of rabbit anti-bovine chromogranin A antibody. (semanticscholar.org)
This antibody is designed for the specific localization of human Chromogranin A using IHC techniques in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. (gennovascientific.com)
Western Blot analysis of PC-3 cells using Chromogranin A Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:500. (elabscience.com)
Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human duodenum using Chromogranin A Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200. (elabscience.com)
Immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Mouse small intestine using Chromogranin A Polyclonal Antibody at dilution of 1:200. (elabscience.com)

Immunogen: C-terminal half of Chromogranin A, purified from urine of patients with carcinoid syndrome. (idhinhibitor.com)

Chromogranin A can be either measured in the serum or detected by immunohistochemistry in a tissue specimen. (medscape.com)
immunohistochemistry demonstrates chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and usually serotonin and somatostatin positivity (Figure 1, A and B). (thefreedictionary.com)
Immunohistochemistry studies using chromogranin and Ki67 markers confirmed the diagnosis. (thefreedictionary.com)
Antisera against chromogranin A and B and secretogranin II were used for analysing the bovine pancreas by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. (uni-muenchen.de)
In immunohistochemistry, chromogranin A was found in all pancreatic endocrine cell types with the exception of most pancreatic polypeptide-(PP-) producing cells. (uni-muenchen.de)

Chromogranin A contains multiple cleavage sites, which undergo a tissue-specific proteolytic process, leading to the production of many biologically active peptides including vasostatin I, vasostatin II, pancreastatin, catestatin, parastatin, and serpinin. (medscape.com)
Pancreastatin (PST) is one of the chromogranin A (CGA)-derived peptides with known biological activity. (nih.gov)
CHGB, also known as secretogranin-1 or chromogranin-B, is a neuroendocrine secretory granule protein, which may be the precursor for other biologically active peptides. (creativebiomart.net)
Chromogranin A: current status as a precursor for bioactive peptides and a granulogenic/sorting factor in the regulated secretory pathway (1995) Iacangelo Anna L et al. (naver.com)

Chromogranin_A , 19_457aa, Human, His_tagged, Recombinant, E.coli Source Recombinant Human samples 80 % of the research is conducted on human samples. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Search for Neuro-Endocrine Markers (Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin and VGF) in Breast Cancers. (elsevier.com)
Fingerprint Entra nei temi di ricerca di 'A Critical Approach to Clinical Biochemistry of Chromogranin A'. Insieme formano una fingerprint unica. (unicatt.it)

Co-expression of chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase (NSE) is common in neuroendocrine neoplasms. (fishersci.com)
The currently used tumour markers for NETs are neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin A (CgA). (elsevier.com)

Clinical significance of elevated serum chromogranin A levels. (radiopaedia.org)

Most pituitary adenomas and prolactinomas readily express chromogranin. (fishersci.com)

Previous studies have indicated that plasma concentrations of chromogranin A (CGA), cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1), cancer antigen 125 (CA 125), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are higher in patients with CKD but without cancer, than in healthy individuals, and this can make interpretation of results more complicated. (bibsys.no)

Chromogranins A, an acidic glycoprotein, comprises about 50% of the total protein of the granule matrix. (thefreedictionary.com)
To identify which segment of CgA (chromogranin A) is important to induce the formation of such granule-like structures, a series of deletion constructs fused to either GFP (green fluorescent protein) or a short epitope tag was expressed in COS-1 fibroblast cells and analysed by fluorescence and electron microscopy and pulse-chase labelling. (portlandpress.com)
The diversity of chromogranins sharing common structural features but with possible non-redundant functions implies a variety of secretory granule populations whose existence and function remain to be established in a given neuroendocrine cell type. (springer.com)
The present chapter deals with the role of the different members of the chromogranin family in the processes of hormone aggregation, secretory granule biogenesis, and hormone sorting through their interaction with the TGN membrane. (springer.com)
Chromogranin B (CgB, also known as CHGB) is abundantly expressed in dense core secretory granules of multiple endocrine tissues and has been suggested to regulate granule biogenesis in some cell types, including the pancreatic islet β-cell, though the mechanisms are poorly understood. (biologists.org)

Synthetic peptide corresponding to Human Chromogranin A aa 1-100 (N terminal). (abcam.com)
Pancreastatin, a chromogranin A-derived peptide, activates Galpha(16) and phospholipase C-beta(2) by interacting with specific receptors in rat hea. (nih.gov)
1993. Chromogranin A, secretogranin II and vasoactive intestinal peptide in phaeochromocytomas and ganglioneuromas. (biotium.com)

The two most commonly used immunohistochemical markers for neuroendocrine cells and their tumors are chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (SPY). (bjbms.org)
The immunohistochemical expression of chromogranin A (CGA) was investigated in 60 normal mucosas, 95 primary tumours and 38 metastatic lymph nodes. (elsevier.com)

Chromogranin A Rabbit-Poly rabbit polyclonal These antibodies are very stable and can be stored up to 2 months at fridge temperature under 10C. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Chromogranin A is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. (fishersci.com)
Chromogranin A (a protein of 439-amino acids which is encoded on chromosome 14) is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. (fishersci.com)
Chromogranin A (a protein of 439 amino acid which is encoded on chromosome 14) is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets (Langerhans's cells). (gennovascientific.com)
Background: Chromogranin A (a protein of 439 amino acid which is encoded on chromosome 14) is present in neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, including the neuroendocrine cells of the large and small intestine, adrenal medulla and pancreatic islets. (idhinhibitor.com)

Background- Chromogranin A, coreleased with catecholamines by exocytosis, is cleaved to the catecholamine release-inhibitory fragment catestatin. (ahajournals.org)
Methods and Results- Gly364Ser heterozygotes and controls underwent physiological and biochemical phenotyping, including catecholamine production, chromogranin A precursor, and its catestatin product. (ahajournals.org)
Bandyopadhyay GK, Vu CU, Gentile S, Lee H, Biswas N, Chi N-W, O'Connor DT, Mahata SK (2012) Catestatin (chromogranin A(352-372)) and novel effects on mobilization of fat from adipose tissue through regulation of adrenergic and leptin signaling. (springer.com)
Chromogranin A (CgA) levels have previously been found to predict mortality in heart failure (HF), but currently no information is available regarding CgA processing in HF and whether the CgA fragment catestatin (CST) may directly influence cardiomyocyte function. (uky.edu)

Chromogranin A is coreleased with catecholamines by exocytosis from vesicles in the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerve endings. (ahajournals.org)

The level of chromogranin A in the blood is normally low. (labcorp.com)
in Zollinger-Ellison patients, it is usually more than 15 mEq/hour) An increased level of chromogranin A is a common marker of neuroendocrine tumors. (wikipedia.org)

This test measures the amount of chromogranin A in the blood. (labtestsonline.org)
This blood test quantifies the amount of chromogranin (CgA) in the patient's blood. (1mg.com)

This is the first study to assess the prognostic utility of chromogranin B (CgB), a marker of NET that is less affected by these clinical drawbacks. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
This study was designed to assess diagnostic utility of chromogranin A (CgA) alone or in combination with NMN in patients with PHEO/PGL related to mutations in SDHB and SDHD. (cdc.gov)

However, chromogranin A might have some prognostic significance. (medscape.com)
Chromogranin A (CgA) is the most widely used biochemical tumour marker for NETs, however, its prognostic utility has been questioned due to several non-neuroendocrine causes of elevated CgA. (endocrine-abstracts.org)

Chromogranin A is a test conducted to diagnose Carcinoid tumours. (apollodiagnostics.in)

It belongs to the family of granins that includes chromogranin B, chromogranin C, and secretogranin II. (medscape.com)
Work in cell lines has suggested that the most abundant and ubiquitously expressed granins, chromogranin A and B (CgA and CgB), are involved in granulogenesis and protein sorting. (diva-portal.org)

Chromogranin A (CgA), originally identified in adrenal chromaffin cells, is a member of the granin family of acidic secretory glycoproteins that are expressed in endocrine cells and neurons. (ovid.com)

Chen Y, Rao F, Rodriguez-Flores JL et al (2008) Naturally occurring human genetic variation in the 3′-untranslated region of the secretory protein chromogranin A is associated with autonomic blood pressure regulation and hypertension in a sex-dependent fashion. (springer.com)
We conclude that secretory stimulation of pheochromocytoma cells also activates the biosynthesis of the major secreted protein (chromogranin A), that the activation is transcriptional, and that a small proximal domain, including the CRE box, is, at least in part, both necessary and sufficient to account for the positive response to nicotine. (elsevier.com)

The granin (chromogranin/secretogranin) family. (ebi.ac.uk)

Evaluation of psychosomatic stress in children by measuring salivary chromogranin A. (nih.gov)
To investigate the usefulness of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) and cortisol as stress markers, and the effects of distraction on the suppression of stress in children. (nih.gov)
Salivary chromogranin A as a measure of stress response to noise. (semanticscholar.org)

A Critical Approach to Clinical Biochemistry of Chromogranin A . Advances in Cancer Biomarkers. (unicatt.it)

Chromogranin A (CgA), a member of the granin family serves several important cell biological roles in (neuro)endocrine cells which are summarized in this review. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)

Do not freeze taw, rather use Chromogranin A Rabbit-Poly from the fridge if your use is less than 1 or 2 weeks. (antibody-antibodies.com)

Finally, the alteration of chromogranin secretion is described in pathophysiological conditions linked to dysregulated hormone secretion. (springer.com)

Chromogranins are members of a family of soluble glycoproteins sharing common structural features and properties, known to be inducers of prohormone aggregation and sorting into secretory granules. (springer.com)
Chromogranin B (CgB) is a soluble secretory protein like chromogranin A (CgA) that has been reported to be elevated in patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) but is not routinely assessed. (enets.org)
To explore stimulus-transcription coupling in pheochromocytoma cells, we studied the biosynthetic response of chromogranin A, the major soluble protein co-stored and co-released with catecholamines, to chromaffin cells' physiologic nicotinic cholinergic secretory stimulation. (elsevier.com)

SNEC showed strong reactivity with epithelial and neuroendocrine markers whereas ENB demonstrated immunoreactivity to synaptophysin and chromogranin strongly, with weak to negative expression of epithelial markers. (thefreedictionary.com)
Immunohisto-chemically solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas can show overlapping expression of pan CK, synaptophysin, CD56, chromogranin , CD10 and vimentin with neuroendocrine tumors19,20, the expression of neuroendocrine markers with pancreatoblastoma and pancreatic enzymes with acinar cell carcinoma18. (thefreedictionary.com)
Search for Neuro-Endocrine Markers (Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin and VGF) in Breast Cancers. (elsevier.com)
Tomita T. Significance of chromogranin A and synaptophysin in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. (bjbms.org)

Chromogranin A (CgA) is a common marker for the gastrointestinal endocrine cells, and it is abnormal in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. (hindawi.com)
Chromogranin A (CgA) is considered to be a common marker for the GI endocrine cells [ 30 - 32 ]. (hindawi.com)
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a glycoprotein widely expressed in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. (alpco.com)
Chromogranin A (CgA) is a common marker for endocrine cells. (uib.no)
These results establish that chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II are present in the endocrine pancreas, but that they exhibit a distinct cellular localization. (uni-muenchen.de)
Secretoneurin--a neuropeptide generated in brain, adrenal medulla and other endocrine tissues by proteolytic processing of secretogranin II (chromogranin C)". Neuroscience. (wikipedia.org)

Proceedings of Session VII of the Tenth International Symposium on Chromaffin Cell Biology, held August 25-28, 1999, in Bergen, Norway, and a post-symposium workshop on Chromogranins: from Fundamental Physiology to Clinical Aspects, held August 28, 1999, on board the coastal steamer MS Richard With. (weltbild.de)

Chromogranin A (CGA) is a neurosecretory protein initially identified in bovine adrenal medulla and produced simultaneously with catecholamines (Banks and Helle, 1965). (bioclinica.com)

Chromogranin A: is it a useful marker of neuroendocrine tumors? (radiopaedia.org)

A wide variety of neuroendocrine tumors stain positive for chromogranin A. (medscape.com)
Plasma chromogranin A (CgA) levels are elevated in a variety of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and are used to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of treatment effects in NETs patients. (enets.org)

The purpose of this study is to monitor and validate the performance and stability of the BRAHMS Chromogranin A (CgA) II KRYPTOR Assay in patients with Gastroentero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). (mayo.edu)
There are several research applications for Chromogranin A measurements for which the assay can be utilized. (alpco.com)
Measurement of chromogranin A in porcine saliva: validation of a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay and evaluation of its application as a marker of acute stress. (semanticscholar.org)

In September 2001, the patient's serum serotonin and pancreatic polypeptide levels had risen even higher (1,386 ng/ml and 471 pg/ml, respectively), and his serum chromogranin A had more than tripled to 970 ng/ml (figure 4). (thefreedictionary.com)

Hypertension from targeted ablation of chromogranin A can be rescued by the human ortholog. (naver.com)
Vasostatins, comprising the N-terminal domain of chromogranin A, suppress tension in isolated human blood vessel segments. (naver.com)

The co-expression of chromogranin and NSE is typical of neuroendocrine neoplasms. (fishersci.com)
Chromogranin -A is useful in the diagnosis of all Neuroendocrine neoplasms. (lalpathlabs.com)

Bioclinica Lab employs a manual sandwich radioimmunoassay designed for the measurement of whole and fragmented Chromogranin A in serum. (bioclinica.com)

Chromogranin A is released as hormone in blood and can be used as biochemical marker. (gennovascientific.com)

Research has indicated there are multiple applications for Chromogranin A. Elevated serum CgA levels have been associated with prostate cancer and other neuroendocrine tumors. (alpco.com)
Recently, mixed forms between adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) have emerged that are characterized by persistent androgen receptor (AR)-signalling and elevated chromogranin A (CgA) levels. (cdc.gov)
The most informative immunological analysis to reveal neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in prostate cancer diagnostics is evaluation of Chromogranin A (ChA) level. (ecuro.ru)
ntroduction: Serum levels of Chromogranin A (CgA) were measured in consecutive patients with prostate diseases in order to evaluate the impact of age on CgA diagnostic significance. (unipg.it)

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Phenomena and Processes4

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The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B mediates membrane binding and directs sorting from the trans-Golgi network to secretory granules. (1/53)

Characterisation of N-terminal chromogranin A and chromogranin B in mammals by region-specific radioimmunoassays and chromatographic separation methods. (2/53)

Identification and characterization of novel chromogranin B-derived peptides from porcine chromaffin granules by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem MS. (3/53)

Molecular characterization of frog chromogranin B reveals conservation of selective sequences encoding potential novel regulatory peptides. (4/53)

Localization of the secretory granule marker protein chromogranin B in the nucleus. Potential role in transcription control. (5/53)

Presence of chromogranin-derived antimicrobial peptides in plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery and evidence of an immune origin of these peptides. (6/53)

Chromogranin B-induced secretory granule biogenesis: comparison with the similar role of chromogranin A. (7/53)

A functional interaction between chromogranin B and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca2+ channel. (8/53)

Chromogranin B

Chromogranin A

Chromogranins

Secretogranin II

Adrenal Medulla

Cytoplasmic Granules

PC12 Cells

Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors

Pancreatic Hormones

Golgi Apparatus

Dithiothreitol

Secretory Vesicles

Chromaffin Cells

Exocytosis

Sympathetic Nervous System

Pheochromocytoma

Nerve Endings

Hepatitis C Antibodies

Antibody Specificity

Hepatitis Antibodies

Antibodies

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Hepacivirus

Antibodies, Viral

PubMed

Saliva

Periodicals as Topic

Books

Publishing

MEDLINE

Catecholamines

Pressoreceptors

Carotid Sinus

Phenotype

Peptide Fragments

Synaptophysin

Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine

Neurosecretory Systems

Phospholipase C beta

Theaceae

Quinolinium Compounds

Fluorescent Dyes

Hydrazines

Organic Chemicals

Fluorescence

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Gastroenterology

Access to Information

Colonic Diseases, Functional

Intestine, Large

Gastrointestinal Diseases

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B mediates membrane binding and directs sorting from the trans-Golgi network to secretory granules. (1/53)

Characterisation of N-terminal chromogranin A and chromogranin B in mammals by region-specific radioimmunoassays and chromatographic separation methods. (2/53)

Identification and characterization of novel chromogranin B-derived peptides from porcine chromaffin granules by liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem MS. (3/53)

Molecular characterization of frog chromogranin B reveals conservation of selective sequences encoding potential novel regulatory peptides. (4/53)

Localization of the secretory granule marker protein chromogranin B in the nucleus. Potential role in transcription control. (5/53)

Presence of chromogranin-derived antimicrobial peptides in plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery and evidence of an immune origin of these peptides. (6/53)

Chromogranin B-induced secretory granule biogenesis: comparison with the similar role of chromogranin A. (7/53)

A functional interaction between chromogranin B and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor/Ca2+ channel. (8/53)

Autonomic function in hypertension; role of genetic variation at the catecholamine storage vesicle protein chromogranin B

Chromogranin B: a possible prognostic biomarker for neuroendocrine tumours? | SFEBES2015

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TFH-derived dopamine accelerates productive synapses in germinal centres. - The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology

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Radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine malignancies Clinical Practice Guidelines

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