Chromium
Potassium Dichromate
Chromic acid (H2Cr2O7), dipotassium salt. A compound having bright orange-red crystals and used in dyeing, staining, tanning leather, as bleach, oxidizer, depolarizer for dry cells, etc. Medically it has been used externally as an astringent, antiseptic, and caustic. When taken internally, it is a corrosive poison.
Hexavalent chromium responsible for lung lesions induced by intratracheal instillation of chromium fumes in rats. (1/119)
Lung toxicity of chromium fumes (Cr fumes) was examined by a single intratracheal instillation into rats of 10.6 mg and 21.3 mg Cr fumes/kg body weight and by repeated (3 times) instillations of 10.8 mg and 21.7 mg Cr fumes/kg. The pathological changes were compared with those induced by single administrations of 3.2 mg and 19.2 mg Na2CO3 solution-insoluble fraction of Cr fumes (Cr-Fr)/kg and 20.8 mg commercially available chromium (III) oxide powder (Cr (III) oxide)/kg. Single and repeated administrations of Cr fumes suppressed growth rate in a dose-dependent manner, but administrations of Cr-Fr and Cr (III) oxide did not. A single administration of Cr fumes produced granulomas in the entire airways and alveoli with progressive fibrotic changes, as well as severe mobilization and destruction of macrophages and foamy cells. Those histopathological changes were aggravated by the repeated administration of Cr fumes. On the other hand, single administrations of Cr-Fr and Cr (III) oxide produced no remarkable histopathological changes. Cr fumes were found to be composed of 73.5% chromium (III) oxide and 26.5% chromium (VI) oxide. The primary particles of Cr fumes and Cr-Fr were similar, 0.02 micron in size (sigma g: 1.25), and Cr (III) oxide particles were 0.30 micron in size (sigma g: 1.53), measured by analytical electron microscopy (ATEM). Diffuse clusters of the primary particles in Cr fumes were identified as Cr (VI) oxide. The present results suggested that the lung toxicity of Cr fumes was mainly caused by these Cr (VI) oxide (CrO3) particles in Cr fumes. (+info)Recovery of 15N-lactoferrin is higher than that of 15N-casein in the small intestine of suckling, but not adult miniature pigs. (2/119)
Performance of biological functions of lactoferrin in the small intestine requires at least some resistance to degradation. Therefore, we studied prececal digestibility of lactoferrin in comparison to casein both in suckling and adult miniature pigs, applying 15N-labeled proteins. In study 1, 43 piglets (10-d-old), deprived of food for 12 h received 10 mL of sow's milk supplemented with 120 mg of 15N-labeled protein (porcine or bovine lactoferrin or bovine casein). Piglets were anesthetized 150 min later, after which the small intestine was excised, cut into three sections, and chyme was collected. In study 2, nine food-deprived boars fitted with T-canulae at the terminal ileum were given two semisynthetic experimental meals (204 g) in a cross-over design, 2 wk apart. One contained 7.5% (g/100 g) 15N-labeled bovine casein, the other 1.25% 15N-labeled bovine lactoferrin. Both were adjusted to 15% total protein with nonlabeled casein. Ileal chyme was collected from the canula over 33 h postprandially. All diets contained the indigestible marker chromic oxide. 15N-digestibility of lactoferrin, both porcine (84.4 +/- 3.2%) and bovine (82.3 +/- 4.8%), was significantly lower than casein digestibility (97.6 +/- 0.5%) in the distal small intestine of suckling piglets (P < 0.05). Based on immunoblotting after acrylamide electrophoresis, 4.5% of non- and partially digested lactoferrin was found in the last third of the small intestine of piglets. In adult miniature pigs there was no difference in 15N-digestibility of bovine lactoferrin compared to bovine casein (90.7 +/- 1.9% vs. 93.9 +/- 1.0%, P > 0.05). In suckling miniature pigs, the reduced digestibility of lactoferrin may provide the prerequisite for biological actions along the whole intestinal tract. The source of lactoferrin, porcine or bovine, made no difference in this respect. (+info)Dietary chromic oxide does not affect the utilization of organic compounds but can alter the utilization of mineral salts in gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. (3/119)
This study was conducted to determine whether the level of chromic oxide supplemented to diets containing gelatinized starch as the carbohydrate source affects digestibility, body composition, growth performances, and liver enzyme activities in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata. Gilthead sea bream fingerlings were fed diets containing gelatinized corn starch as the carbohydrate source and several levels of chromic oxide (0, 5, 10 and 20 g/kg) for 6 wk. No effect of dietary chromium level was detected on carbon, nitrogen, or dry matter digestibility. Calcium and phosphorus digestibility were higher in fish fed the diet supplemented with 5 g/kg chromic oxide than in fish fed the other supplemented diets. Dietary chromium did not affect dry matter, carbon, nitrogen, protein, or lipid concentrations in fish. However, fish fed 5 g/kg chromic oxide generally had higher levels of calcium, phosphorus, and ash than fish fed the other Cr-containing diets. Chromium concentration was significantly higher in fish fed the diets with 0.5 and 1% chromic oxide than in fish fed the control diet. Chromium supplementation of the diets did not affect the specific growth rate, the food efficiency ratio, the protein efficiency ratio, or, protein or nitrogen retention of the fish. Blood glucose and the activity of several liver enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were unaffected by dietary chromic oxide. Alanine aminotransferase was lower in the fish fed the diet with 10 g/kg of chromic oxide than in unsupplemented controls. Our results indicate that chromic oxide can be used as a neutral marker in fish nutrition studies involving organic compounds, but not mineral salts. (+info)Treatment of malignant pericardial effusion with 32P-colloid. (4/119)
Malignant pericardial effusion is usually treated only when signs of cardiac tamponade develop. Several methods of treatment have been reported with an overall response rate of approximately 75%. Since our initial study using intrapericardial 32P-colloid instillation as a treatment modality for pericardial effusion demonstrated a significant higher response rate, this study was conducted to further evaluate the efficacy of intrapericardial 32P-colloid in terms of response rates and duration of remissions. Intrapericardial instillation of 185-370 MBq (5-10 mCi) 32P-colloid in 36 patients with malignant pericardial effusion resulted in a complete remission rate of 94.5% (34 patients) whereas two patients did not respond to treatment due to a foudroyant formation of pericardial fluid. The median duration time was 8 months. No side-effects were observed. These results suggest that intrapericardial instillation of 32P-colloid is a simple, reliable and safe treatment strategy for patients with malignant pericardial effusions. Therefore, since further evidence is provided that 32P-colloid is significantly more effective than external radiation or non-radioactive sclerosing agents, this treatment modality should be considered for the management of malignant pericardial effusion. (+info)Morphological study on pigmented cells in the horse testis. (5/119)
One of the most attractive characteristics of a horse testis is the change of the weight during development. As the testicular weight changes and the number of Leydig cells decreases, pigments appear in interstitial tissues. In the present study, the characteristics of the pigments found in the interstitial tissues were examined histochemically and ultrastructurally. Specific stainings indicated that the pigmented granules showed almost all of the histological and histochemical characteristics of ceroid or ceroid-like pigment. The cells showed positive reaction for acid phosphatase while the pigmented cells contained a lot of lysosomes ultrastructurally. These results suggest that macrophages might phagocytize Leydig cells, and store their digested materials as ceroid-like pigment. (+info)Chromium(III) hydrolytic oligomers: their relevance to protein binding. (6/119)
The nature of chromium(III) complexes has been found to show a profound influence in its interaction with collagen. The hydrothermal stability of rat tail tendon (RTT) fibres treated with dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric species of chromium(III) has been found to be 102, 87 and 68 degrees C, while that of native RTT is 62 degrees C. This shows that the efficiency of crosslinking of collagen by chromium(III) species is dimeric > trimeric > tetrameric. This order of stabilisation is again confirmed by cyanogen bromide (CNBr) cleavage of RTT collagen treated with dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric chromium(III) species. CNBr has been found to cleave the collagen treated with tetrameric chromium(III) species extensively. On the other hand, dimer-treated collagen does not undergo any cleavage on CNBr treatment. The equilibrium constants for the reaction of a nucleophile like NCS(-) to the dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric species of chromium(III) have been found to be 15.7+/-0.1, 14.6+/-0.1 and 1.2+/-0.1 M(-1), respectively. These equilibrium constant values reflect the relative thermodynamic stability of the chromium(III) species-nucleophile complex. The low stabilising effect of the tetrameric species can be traced to its low thermodynamic affinity for nucleophiles. (+info)Thirteen-week subchronic rat inhalation toxicity study with a recovery phase of trivalent chromium compounds, chromic oxide, and basic chromium sulfate. (7/119)
The toxicity of trivalent chromium compounds; chromic oxide and basic chromium sulfate, was investigated in rats in a 13-week nose-only inhalation study that included a 13-week recovery period. Nose-only exposures to insoluble chromic oxide dust at 4.4, 15, or 44 mg/m3 or soluble basic chromium sulfate dust at 17, 54, or 168 mg/m3 (trivalent chromium equivalent concentrations of 3, 10, and 30 mg/m3) were carried out for 6 h/day, 5 days/week. No compound-related mortality occurred. General toxic effects, only observed with high-exposure levels of basic chromium sulfate, included sporadic signs of labored breathing and depressed body weights. No apparent compound-related effects were noted for sperm motility or morphology, for any concentration of either test material. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid evaluations showed test material in mononuclear cells with chromic oxide and increased neutrophils, protein, lactic dehydrogenase and cellular debris with basic chromium sulfate. The principle effects for both materials were primarily to the respiratory tract. Chromic oxide caused pathological changes in the bronchial and mediastinal lymphatic tissue and lungs, consisting of the presence of pigment-laden macrophages, lymphoid and septal hyperplasia, and interstitial inflammation similar to that observed with other inert dusts. Basic chromium sulfate produced more severe and widespread effects in the nasal cavity, larynx, lungs, and mediastinal lymph node. Effects were characterized by accumulation of foreign material, infiltration of alveolar macrophages, septal cell hyperplasia, and granulomatous and chronic inflammation. Pigment was still present in chromic oxide and, to a lesser extent, in basic chromium sulfate-treated animals after the 13-week recovery period, with partial recovery of the pathological lesions. A NOAEL was not established for either test material, but 4.4 mg/m3 was thought to be near the NOAEL level for subchronic exposure to chromic oxide. The results of this study indicate significant differences in toxicity to the respiratory tract between trivalent chromium compounds chromic oxide and basic chromium sulfate. These are likely related to differences in acidity and water solubility, rather than chromium concentration per se. This conclusion is substantiated by the lack of effect on other internal organs. (+info)Dissimilatory metal reduction by the facultative anaerobe Pantoea agglomerans SP1. (8/119)
Anaerobic enrichments with acetate as the electron donor and Fe(III) as the terminal electron acceptor were obtained from sediments of Salt Pond, a coastal marine basin near Woods Hole, Mass. A pure culture of a facultatively anaerobic Fe(III) reducer was isolated, and 16S rRNA analysis demonstrated that this organism was most closely related to Pantoea (formerly Enterobacter) agglomerans, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae within the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. This organism, designated strain SP1, can grow by coupling the oxidation of acetate or H(2) to the reduction of a variety of electron acceptors, including Fe(III), Mn(IV), Cr(VI), and the humic substance analog 2,6-anthraquinone disulfonate, but not sulfate. To our knowledge, this is the first mesophilic facultative anaerobe reported to couple acetate oxidation to dissimilatory metal reduction. (+info)
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Potassium
"Chromium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Vol. 9. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. p. 178. doi:10.1002/14356007. ... Organopotassium compounds illustrate nonionic compounds of potassium. They feature highly polar covalent K-C bonds. Examples ... In general, potassium compounds are ionic and, owing to the high hydration energy of the K+ ion, have excellent water ... Megatons of these compounds are produced annually. Potassium hydroxide KOH is a strong base, which is used in industry to ...
Hinkley groundwater contamination
Hexavalent-chromium compounds are genotoxic carcinogens. In 1993, legal clerk Erin Brockovich began an investigation into the ... PG&E used chromium 6, or hexavalent chromium (a cheap and efficient rust suppressor), in its compressor station for natural-gas ... California was the first state to put into effect an MCL for hexavalent chromium (chromium 6) in drinking water in July 2014, ... According to CalEPA in 2015, "At the time Total Chromium MCLs were established, ingested Hexavalent Chromium associated with ...
Collins reagent
Generally speaking chromium (VI) compounds are carcinogenic. Fillmore Freeman (2001). "Dipyridine Chromium(VI) Oxide". e-EROS ... "Compounds of chromium(VI): The Pyridine.Chromic Anhydride Complex, Benzimidazolinium Dichromate, and Three 2-Alkyl-1H- ... Collins reagent is the complex of chromium(VI) oxide with pyridine in dichloromethane. This metal-pyridine complex, a red solid ... Sarett oxidation Oxidation with chromium(VI)-amine complexes Collins reagent can be used as an alternative to the Jones reagent ...
Calcium chromate
There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds cause cancer ... There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) ... to the corresponding carbonyl compounds or metal oxides while the chromium(VI) centre in CaCrO4 is reduced to chromium(III). ... Also positive associations have been observed between exposure to Chromium (VI) compounds and cancer of the nose and nasal ...
Potassium chromate
There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds cause cancer ... There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) ... Also positive associations have been observed between exposure to Chromium (VI) compounds and cancer of the nose and nasal ... "Chromium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_067 ...
Reproductive toxicity
Costa M, Klein CB (February 2006). "Toxicity and carcinogenicity of chromium compounds in humans". Critical Reviews in ... Each category includes pharmaceutical compounds and environmental compounds. Estrogenic or androgenic compounds will cause the ... Hexavalent chromium ( Cr VI) is used in the electronics industry and for metal plating. Chromium exposure is primarily ... Lipid soluble compounds that can cross the cell lipid bilayer and bind cytoplasmic steroid hormone receptors can translocate to ...
Sodium dichromate
There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds cause cancer ... Like all hexavalent chromium compounds, sodium dichromate is carcinogenic. The compound is also corrosive and exposure may ... There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) ... Virtually all chromium ore is processed via conversion to sodium dichromate and virtually all compounds and materials based on ...
Iron(III) acetate
This paper describes the isostructure chromium and iron compounds. Blake, Antony B.; Yavari, Ahmad; Hatfield, William E.; ... form analogous compounds. Iron(III) acetate (lacking the oxo ligand) has been claimed as a red coloured compound from the ... The compound was an early example of a molecular complex of iron that features an oxide ligand. The cation has idealized D3h ... Mixed metal species are known such as [Fe2CoO(OAc)6(H2O)3]. Chromium(III), ruthenium(III), vanadium(III), and rhodium(III) ...
Bicycle brake
Ceramic pads usually contain chromium compounds to resist heat. For wet-weather use, brake pads containing iron (iii) oxide are ... The heavier fork and wheels compound the weight disadvantage of the brake assembly itself. Heat build-up can lead to failure ...
Phelps Dodge
Major pollutants included sulfuric acid, chromium compounds, lead compounds, and chlorine. The Center for Public Integrity has ...
Potassium chlorochromate
Like other hexavalent chromium compounds, it is also carcinogenic and mutagenic. Synonyms Of Chemicals. Csudh.edu (2003-09-16 ... Norm Stanley Colorful Chromium Compounds, 23 August 2002 Harry H. Sisler; Louis E. Marchi (1946). Potassium Monochlorochromate ... It is a water-soluble orange compound is used occasionally for oxidation of organic compounds. It is sometimes called Péligot's ... Potassium compounds, All stub articles, Inorganic compound stubs). ...
Progress Energy Inc
Major pollutants included nickel compounds, chromium compounds, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Progress has also been ...
Duke Energy
Major pollutants included sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, chromium compounds, and hydrogen fluoride. The Political Economy ... volatile organic compounds) 29 tons per year - F (fluorides) This list is partially complete due to the July 3, 2012, merger ...
Iron(II) chromite
... compounds, Chromium(III) compounds, Chromium-oxygen compounds). ... It is used as a commercial source of chromium and its compounds ... Iron(II) chromite is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula FeCr2O4. It is created by the sintering of chromium(III) ...
Chromate conversion coating
Hexavalent chromium compounds have been the topic of intense workplace and public health concern for their carcinogenicity, and ... The formulations typically contain hexavalent chromium compounds, such as chromates and dichromates. The widely used Cronak ... in the deposited gel into insoluble chromium(III) compounds, a small quantity of them remains un-reacted in the dried-out ... These chromium(VI) residues can migrate when the coating is wetted, and are believed to play a role in preventing corrosion in ...
Aktobe
... plant of chromium compounds is the only enterprise in the country producing chromium oxide, chromic anhydride, tannins, ... The largest enterprises of the city are the Aktobe ferroalloy plant, Aktyubrentgen, Aktobe plant of chromium compounds and a ... It houses plants of ferroalloys, chromium compounds, agricultural machinery, X-ray equipment, etc. The chemical, light, and ... Chromium also began to be mined and processed in the region. In the 1960s, an extensive expansion of the city was undertaken by ...
Alwernia
It mainly focuses on producing phosphorus and chromium compounds, as well as fertilizers. Voivodeship road 780 directly passes ...
American Electric Power
Major pollutants include sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, and chromium, manganese and nickel compounds. Overall, electric power ...
Methcathinone
A method that yields more methcathinone is oxidizing (pseudo)ephedrine with chromium (VI) compounds. Methcathinone as free base ... Methcathinone is a beta-keto N-methylamphetamine and is closely related to the naturally occurring compounds, cathinone and ... US Patent 2802865 -ETHYLAMINOPROPIOPHENONE COMPOUNDS Erowid "Chinese professor accused in 'Breaking Bad' drugs plot". BBC News ... due to the compound manganese dioxide which is a byproduct of synthesis with permanganate. The Convention on Psychotropic ...
Ammonium dichromate
In this compound, as in all chromates and dichromates, chromium is in a +6 oxidation state, commonly known as hexavalent ... Ammonium dichromate, like all chromium (VI) compounds, is highly toxic and a proven carcinogen. It is also a strong irritant. ... The compound is also used in the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in ZrCl4/wet SiO2 ... At room temperature and pressure, the compound exists as orange, acidic crystals soluble in water and alcohol. It is formed by ...
GenOn Energy Holdings
Major pollutants indicated by the study include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and chromium compounds. On November 10, 2004 ...
Potassium dichromate
Chromium VI and compounds fact sheet NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards IARC Monograph "Chromium and Chromium compounds" ... There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds cause cancer ... Like other chromium(VI) compounds (chromium trioxide, sodium dichromate), potassium dichromate has been used to prepare " ... There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) ...
Soda Industry Inc.
Soda Industry now is the leading producer of chromium compounds and the 4th greatest producer of sodium compounds (such as ... In 1979, the Kromsan Chromium Compounds Plant (Turkish: Kromsan Krom Bileşikleri Fabrikası) was founded. It is situated just to ... In 2011 Soda Industry also acquired the Italian Chromium Products factory Cromital . The Soda Plant and the Kromsan Chromium ... Turkey producing soda ash and chromium compounds mainly for the glass industry in its parent's group of companies. It is owned ...
Per Teodor Cleve
Some compounds of ammonia and chromium, 1861). He also wrote several more papers on complex compounds, including the compounds ... Cleve worked on the synthesis of complex chemical compounds until 1872. He theorized in 1874 that the element didymium ... Additionally, Cleve synthesized several hundred complex platinum compounds. Cleve visited a number of laboratories in England, ...
Chalcedony
Chrome chalcedony is a green variety of chalcedony, which is colored by chromium compounds. It is also known as "mtorolite" ...
Adrenochrome
Despite this compound's name, it is unrelated to the element chromium; instead, the ‑chrome suffix indicates a relationship to ... adrenochrome is pink and further oxidation of the compound causes it to polymerize into brown or black melanin compounds. ... This is the likely origin of current myths surrounding this compound, because a character states that "There's only one source ... Adrenochrome is a chemical compound produced by the oxidation of adrenaline (epinephrine). It was the subject of limited ...
Bioremediation
Heavy metals including cadmium, chromium, lead and uranium are unlike organic compounds and cannot be biodegraded. However, ... Microorganisms can be used to reduce the toxicity and mobility of chromium by reducing hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) to trivalent ... and aromatic compounds can be very high. As molecular weight of the compound increases, the resistance to biodegradation ... Hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) and uranium (U[VI]) can be reduced to less mobile and/or less toxic forms (e.g., Cr[III], U[IV]). ...
Cinergy
Major pollutants indicated by the study include sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, chromium compounds, and manganese compounds. ...
Chromite
Chromium is most stable in its trivalent (Cr(III)) form, seen in stable compounds such as natural ores. Cr(III) is an essential ... The chromium present in soil is a mixture of both Cr(VI) and Cr(III). Certain types of chromium such as Chromium-VI has the ... Chromium-III and VI will accumulate in the tissues of humans and animals. The excretion of this type of chromium from the body ... Chromite is a crystalline mineral composed primarily of iron(II) oxide and chromium(III) oxide compounds. It can be represented ...
Quintuple bond
... was reported to exist also in a compound containing a quintuple chromium-chromium bond with diazadiene bridging ligands. Other ... A Coordination Compound with an Ultrashort Chromium-Chromium Bond". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47 (38): 7246-7249. doi:10.1002/anie. ... The species is stable up to 200 °C. The chromium-chromium quintuple bond has been analyzed with multireference ab initio and ... "Synthesis of a Stable Compound with Fivefold Bonding Between Two Chromium(I) Centers". Science. 310 (5749): 844-847. Bibcode: ...
Neodymium
Organoneodymium compounds[edit]. See also: Organolanthanide chemistry. Organoneodymium compounds are compounds that have a ... Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... These compounds are similar to those of the other lanthanides, characterized by an inability to undergo π backbonding. They are ... Neodymium compounds were first commercially used as glass dyes in 1927 and remain a popular additive. The color of neodymium ...
Screw
Stainless steel with 17-19% chromium and 8-13% nickel 1⁄4-. 5⁄8 (inc.) 40 minimum 80-90 typical 280 minimum 550-620 typical 100 ... Stainless steel with 17-19% chromium and 8-13% nickel up to 20 210 minimum. 450 typical 30 minimum. 65 typical 500 minimum. 700 ... Thread-locking compound. *Thread pitch gauge. *Wall plug. ReferencesEdit. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin- ...
Protactinium
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... Chemical compounds[edit]. Formula color symmetry space group No Pearson symbol a (pm) b (pm) c (pm) Z density (g/cm3) ... Other inorganic compounds[edit]. Oxyhalides and oxysulfides of protactinium are known. PaOBr3 has a monoclinic structure ... 2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed ...
Uranium
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... soluble uranium compounds tend to quickly pass through the body, whereas insoluble uranium compounds, especially when inhaled ... 2 (yellow), for U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI), respectively.[103] A few solid and semi-metallic compounds such as UO and US ... "CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Uranium (insoluble compounds, as U)". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 24 November 2015.. ...
Súlfúrù, ìwé-ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. CRC press. 2000. ISBN ...
குரோமியம்((III) புளோரைடு - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
"Chromium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005.எஆசு:10.1002/14356007.a07_067 ... குரோமியம்((III) புளோரைடு (Chromium(III) fluoride) என்பது CrF3 என்ற மூலக்கூற்று வாய்ப்பாடு கொண்ட ஒரு கனிம வேதியியல் சேர்மமாகும் ... F.H. Herbstein, M. Kapon and G.M. Reisner, "Crystal structures of chromium(III) fluoride trihydrate. Structural chemistry of ... Thermal decomposition of chromium(III) fluoride nonhydrate" Zeitschrift für Kristallographie 1985, volume 171, pp. 209 ...
Solubility
Sulfites (except Group I and NH4+ compounds) Acetates (ethanoates) (except Ag+ compounds). Phosphates (except Group I and NH4+ ... chromium in iron) or take a place in a space between the lattice points (an interstitial position; for example, carbon in iron ... Group I and NH4+ compounds (except lithium phosphate). Carbonates (except Group I, NH4+ and uranyl compounds) ... Sulfides (except Group I, Group II and NH4+ compounds) Solubility of organic compounds. The principle outlined above under ...
Lítíọ̀mù, ìwé-ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... Because of its high reactivity, lithium never occurs free in nature, and instead, only appears in compounds, usually ionic ones ...
Alloy
By adding chromium to steel, its resistance to corrosion can be enhanced, creating stainless steel, while adding silicon will ... Unlike chemical compounds with metallic bases, an alloy will retain all the properties of a metal in the resulting material, ... Alloy steels can be made by adding other elements, such as chromium, molybdenum, vanadium or nickel, resulting in alloys such ... In 1903, the Wright brothers used a chromium-nickel steel to make the crankshaft for their airplane engine, while in 1908 Henry ...
Siryo (elemento), ang malayang ensiklopedya
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. ...
Nagaland
The state is rich in mineral resources such as coal, limestone, iron, nickel, cobalt, chromium, and marble.[82] Nagaland has a ... compounded annually for a decade, thus more than doubling the per capita income.[81] ...
Ammonium dichromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ammonium dichromate is a chemical compound. It is composed of ammonium and dichromate ions. Its chemical formula is (NH4)2Cr2O7 ... Chromium. This short article about chemistry can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it. ...
Cerium, ìwé-ìmọ̀ ọ̀fẹ́
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. ...
ఇరీడియం - వికీపీడియా
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... కర్బన ఇరీడియం సమ్మేళనాలు (Organoiridium compounds)సవరించు. కర్బన ఇరీడియం సమ్మేళనాలలో (Organoiridium compounds) ఇరీడియం-కార్బను ... "Iridium forms compound in +9 oxidation state". ww.rsc.org. 2014-10-23. Retrieved 2015-04-19.. ... Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word- ...
Potassium chromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Potassium chromate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is K2CrO4. It has potassium and chromate ions. ... It is made by reacting chromium trioxide with potassium hydroxide. It can also be made by oxidation of potassium hydroxide and ... It is toxic though, because it contains chromium in its +6 oxidation state. It can be destroyed by reaction with reducing ... chromium(III) oxide. Occurrence[change , change source]. Potassium chromate is found very rarely as a mineral. It dissolves ...
Vitamin K2
"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, ... Proportion of compounds Nattō, cooked 1,034.0 0% MK-4, 1% MK-5, 1% MK-6, 90% MK-7, 8% MK-8 ...
Reduction potential
Many enzymatic reactions are oxidation-reduction reactions, in which one compound is oxidized and another compound is reduced. ... chromium (Cr) metal, cuprous (Cu+) ion and chloride (Cl−) ion, it is Na metal that is the strongest reducing agent while Cl− ... Some elements and compounds can be both reducing or oxidizing agents. Hydrogen gas is a reducing agent when it reacts with non- ... In the soil there are two main redox constituents: 1) anorganic redox systems (mainly ox/red compounds of Fe and Mn) and ...
Nobelium
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... To lose its excitation energy and reach a more stable state, a compound nucleus either fissions or ejects one or several ... In forming compounds, all the three valence electrons may be lost, leaving behind a [Rn]5f13 core: this conforms to the trend ... the compound nucleus de-excites by emitting a gamma ray.[14] ... the temporary merger-termed a compound nucleus-is an excited ...
Laser
Excimers currently used are all noble gas compounds; noble gasses are chemically inert and can only form compounds while in an ... For example, the first working laser was a ruby laser, made from ruby (chromium-doped corundum). The population inversion is ... however this appears to be a misnomer inasmuch as F2 is a stable compound. ...
Seng bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
"Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, ... Perry, D. L. (1995). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. hlm. 448-458. ISBN 978-0-8493-8671-8.. ... Rappoport, Zvi; Marek, Ilan (December 17, 2007). The Chemistry of Organozinc Compounds: R-Zn. ISBN 978-0-470-09337-5. ... "Exploring Chemical Elements and their Compounds. New York: TAB Books. ISBN 978-0-8306-3018-9.. ...
Teknisyo, ang malayang ensiklopedya
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... "Technetium: technetium(III) iodide compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Nakuha noong 2007-12-10.. ...
ఇరీడియం - వికీపీడియా
Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... కర్బన ఇరీడియం సమ్మేళనాలు (Organoiridium compounds)[మార్చు]. కర్బన ఇరీడియం సమ్మేళనాలలో (Organoiridium compounds) ఇరీడియం-కార్బను ... "Iridium forms compound in +9 oxidation state". ww.rsc.org. 2014-10-23. Retrieved 2015-04-19.. ... Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word- ...
Ruthenium
Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton ... Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. ... "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 10 December 2007.. ... "Ruthenium: ruthenium(I) fluoride compound data". OpenMOPAC.net. Retrieved 10 December 2007.. ...
2,6-Xylenol
... is a chemical compound which is one of the six isomers of xylenol. It is also commonly known as 2,6-dimethylphenol ... 6-dimethylphenol in a fluidized bed of iron-chromium mixed oxide catalyst with o-cresol circulation" (PDF). Chemistry Central ... In the first step of the proposed reaction mechanism the acetyl groups in the iodine compound are replaced with the phenol. ... It is nevertheless possible to synthesize the biphenol compound via a comproportionation of the quinone with xylenol already ...
Extractive metallurgy
In fact, most base metals, e.g., aluminium, chromium, must be (electro)chemically reduced at high temperatures by which the ... Solids containing valuable metals are treated to form intermediate compounds for further processing or converted into their ... of purification and concentration before the valuable metal is recovered either in its metallic state or as a chemical compound ...
Viridian
Chromium(III) compounds, Transition metal oxides). ... Newman, R., Chromium Oxide Greens, in Artists' Pigments, A ... Viridian is a blue-green pigment, a hydrated chromium(III) oxide, of medium saturation and relatively dark in value. It is ... Another name for this color is transparent oxide of chromium. At right is displayed the color viridian green. The source of ...
Health and safety hazards of 3D printing
No chromium(VI) compounds were detected in the workplace air during the process when materials containing chromium were ... As of March 2018,[update] the US Government has set 3D printer emission standards for only a limited number of compounds. ... Emissions from fused filament printers can include a large number of ultrafine particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs ... "Emissions of Ultrafine Particles and Volatile Organic Compounds from Commercially Available Desktop Three-Dimensional Printers ...
Mineral (nutrient)
Chromium. IN: Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Chromium, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, ... as compounds), a combination of vitamins and/or other chemical compounds, or a single element (as a compound or mixture of ... "Chromium". Office of Dietary Supplements, US National Institutes of Health. 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016. Sardesai VM (December ... Most chemical elements that are ingested by organisms are in the form of simple compounds. Plants absorb dissolved elements in ...
Zinc deficiency
Nearly ten years after the identification of the zinc deficiency problem, the total amount of zinc-containing compound ... 442-501 in Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, ...
Tris(trimethylsilyl)amine
... amine in the presence of chromium(III) chloride as a catalyst at room temperature with the nitrogen used for inerting. N 2 + 6 ... sodium has been used instead of lithium as the electron donor and molybdenum and iron compounds (such as pentacarbonyl iron or ...
Chromium, metal and compounds (2005-110) | NIOSH | CDC
... metal and compounds - Specific Medical Tests or Examinations Published in the Literature for OSHA-Regulated Substances ... Chromium, metal and compounds. Editor(s). /Author(s). Specific Medical Test(s) or Examination(s). Reference(s). ... Chromium, metal and compounds. CAS No: Varies. NOTE:. (1) Efficacy of Medical Tests has not been evaluated.. (2) NIOSH ...
Browsing by Subject "Chromium Compounds"
Nomination Summary for Hexavalent chromium compounds (N20107)
Cr (Chromium) Compounds [Chemical Structural Class] | TCI Deutschland GmbH
I. Substituted Bis-Arene-Chromium Compounds. Ii. Structures of Hydrocarbons From the Polyphosphoric Acid Induced Condensation...
I. Substituted Bis-Arene-Chromium Compounds. Ii. Structures of Hydrocarbons From the Polyphosphoric Acid Induced Condensation ... I. Substituted Bis-Arene-Chromium Compounds. Ii. Structures of Hydrocarbons From the Polyphosphoric Acid Induced Condensation ... I. Substituted Bis-Arene-Chromium Compounds. Ii. Structures of Hydrocarbons From the Polyphosphoric Acid Induced Condensation ...
Oxidation State, Local Structure, and Ab-Initio XAFS Modeling of Chromium in Contaminated Soils and Model Compounds | Journal...
Oxidation State, Local Structure, and Ab-Initio XAFS Modeling of Chromium in Contaminated Soils and Model Compounds. M.L. ... We have had success in ab-initio modeling of the near-edge structure of Cr model compounds, accurately simulating the Cr pre- ... to model the structures of Cr compounds and Cr sorption complexes and precipitated phases on soils impacted by industrial Cr ...
Details for: Inorganic chromium(III) compounds. › WHO HQ Library catalog
Browsing by Subject
Teratogenic effect of trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds in rabbits. | Ashraf Morgan
Chromium | Toxic Substances | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR
The most common forms are chromium(0), chromium(III), and chromium(VI). No taste or odor is associated with chromium compounds ... The metal chromium, which is the chromium(0) form, is used for making steel. Chromium(VI) and chromium(III) are used for chrome ... Chromium(III) occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential nutrient. Chromium(VI) and chromium(0) are generally ... Chromium is present in the environment in several different forms. ...
Hemolytic anemia caused by chemicals and toxins: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
... have been reported among workers who are occupationally exposed to chromium-containing compounds. Human dermal fibroblasts were ... Heme-oxygenase 1 gene expression is a marker for hexavalent chromium-induced stress and toxicity in human dermal fibrosis. ... used as an in vitro experimental model to study the potential mechanisms underlying hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced dermal ...
Law Document English View | Ontario.ca
5 and its compounds. 6 and its compounds, except hexavalent chromium compounds ... Exemption, plan for volatile organic compounds. 10. Despite subsection 3 (1) of the Act and section 9 of this Regulation, no ... 20 and its compounds. NOTE: A footnote that qualifies the listing of a toxic substance in this Table is the same footnote that ... 14 and its compounds. 15 and its salts. The CAS Number corresponds to the weak acid or base. However, this substance includes ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Beryllium-compounds; Metallic-dusts; Lead-dust; Lead-compounds; Chromium-compounds; Cobalt-compounds; Cadmium-dust; Cadmium- ... chromium, cobalt, and lead; (3) testing employees blood for lead and cadmium; (4) measuring noise exposures; and (5) ... compounds; Author Keywords: Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; electronic scrap; e-scrap; recycling; lead; cadmium; ...
Impact of volatile organic compounds on chromium containing atmospheric particulate: insights from molecular dynamics...
Shah D, Karibayev M, Adotey EK, Amouei Torkmahalleh M. Impact of volatile organic compounds on chromium containing atmospheric ... Shah, D., Karibayev, M., Adotey, E. K., & Amouei Torkmahalleh, M. (2020). Impact of volatile organic compounds on chromium ... Shah, D, Karibayev, M, Adotey, EK & Amouei Torkmahalleh, M 2020, Impact of volatile organic compounds on chromium containing ... N2 - The effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on chromium-containing atmospheric particles remains obscured because of ...
Environmental Causes of Lung Cancer
Is floodwater harmful to your health? CDC and health officials say this
Hexavalent Chromium, Yellow Water, and Cancer: A Convoluted... : Epidemiology
Chromium and chromium compounds. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks in Humans: Chromium, Nickel, and ... One is in León, Mexico, near a factory producing chromium compounds for leather tanning.1 The other is in Liaoning Province, ... 1. Armienta-Hernandez MA, Rodriguez-Castillo R. Environmental exposure to chromium compounds in the valley of Leon, Mexico. ... Hexavalent Chromium, Yellow Water, and Cancer: A Convoluted Saga : Epidemiology. You may be trying to access this site from a ...
Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines Hexavalent Chromium - Canada.ca
1999 Federal Environmental Quality Guidelines Hexavalent Chromium Loi canadienne sur la protection de lenvironnement 1999 ... Chromium compounds have potential for accumulation in aquatic biota (Velma et al. 2009). Cr(VI) bioconcentration factors (BCFs ... Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life: Chromium - Hexavalent Chromium and Trivalent Chromium. In ... Evaluation of aquatic toxicities of chromium and chromium-containing effluents in reference to chromium electroplating ...
The EPA National Library Catalog | EPA National Library Network | US EPA
Toxicology ; Health effects ; Chromium compounds ; Acute toxicity ; Hexavalent chromium compounds ; Trivalent chromic acids ; ... Aromatic compounds--Carcinogenicity ; Chromium--Carcinogenicity ; Hexavalent chromium--Carcinogenicity Additional Subjects. ... Chromium ; Cooling towers ; Air pollution standards ; Exhaust emissions ; Chromium compounds ; Chromates ; Chemical industry ; ... Evaluation of the potential carcinogenicity of chromium and hexavalent chromium compounds /. CORP Author. Syracuse Research ...
Chromium - Health Professional Fact Sheet
Chromium overview for health professionals. Research health effects, dosing, sources, deficiency symptoms, side effects, and ... Chromium compounds contain various percentages of elemental chromium. For example, elemental chromium accounts for 12.4% of the ... including chromium picolinate, chromium nicotinate, chromium polynicotinate, chromium chloride, and chromium histidinate [18,27 ... Home , Health Information , Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets , Chromium , Chromium - Health Professionals. Chromium. Fact Sheet ...
Green procurement | Sustainability | JEOL Ltd.
Antifreeze | Metro
Heavy Metals and Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Herbal Plants Sold in a Major Urban Market in Southwest, Nigeria |...
Chromium and chromium compounds. . 2019. . Accessed [2020 Dec 14]. Available from: https://oehha.ca.gov/chemicals/chromium-iii ... 2004 reported that trivalent chromium is considered an essential trace element, while hexavalent chromium is carcinogenic in ... The EDIs for lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mn) were above the upper tolerable daily intake ... Odoh and Ajiboye, 2020 reported a high level of chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb) in selected herbal medicinal products ...
Chromium (VI) and CARC | RIVM
... to launch a number of investigations on chromium (VI) and diseases. ... Chromium (VI) is added to some paints to give them anti-corrosion properties. People came into contact with this substance in ... Chromium (VI) compounds accumulate in the red and white blood cells where they are converted to chromium (III). The chromium ( ... We therefore always refer to chromium (VI) compounds. Chromium (VI) compounds are generally made by humans for their rust- ...
Organometallics for CVD & ALD
Hexavalent Chromium | NIOSH | CDC
Hexavalent chromium is harmful to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. NIOSH considers all Cr(VI) compounds to be ... compounds are a large group of chemicals with varying properties, uses, and workplace exposures. ... Hexavalent chromium is harmful to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system. NIOSH considers all Cr(VI) compounds to be ... Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are a large group of chemicals with varying properties, uses, and workplace exposures. ...
Sodium Dichromate Market Share | Trend | Demand report by 2027
InorganicOccupationally exposed to chromium-containinArsenic compoundsToxicityTrivalent and hexavalent chromiumCadmium compoundsNickel compoundsIngestion of hexavalent chromiumContaminated by hexavalent chromiumContains chromiumSaltsCopperMetalsHexavalent compoundsMercuryContain chromium2001Chromite oreCarcinogenicSubstanceExposureVolatileChromateAROMATIC COMPOUNDSPigmentsTrioxideMagnesiumOrganicChromeIngredientsWater-soluble1991AlloysCarbonStructuresIntermetallicChemicalsChemical compoundsOzoneBurnProcessesNutrientsOresNIOSHOccursEssential mineralMetalWastewaterStainlessAluminumActivatesExposures
Inorganic3
- Inorganic compounds that contain chromium as an integral part of the molecule. (bvsalud.org)
- Inorganic compounds which contain platinum as the central atom. (bvsalud.org)
- It presents data reported and results of carcinogenicity evaluation for humans and animals of inorganic acids and some chemical compounds. (bvsalud.org)
Occupationally exposed to chromium-containin1
- Several adverse health effects, including irritant and allergic contact dermatitis , have been reported among workers who are occupationally exposed to chromium-containing compounds. (cdc.gov)
Arsenic compounds1
- Some arsenic compounds have been linked to cancer of the lung, skin, liver, and bladder. (heart.org)
Toxicity5
- Heme-oxygenase 1 gene expression is a marker for hexavalent chromium-induced stress and toxicity in human dermal fibrosis. (cdc.gov)
- Human dermal fibroblasts were used as an in vitro experimental model to study the potential mechanisms underlying hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]-induced dermal toxicity. (cdc.gov)
- Moreover, several ambiguities exist in the literature related to accurate measurements of atmospheric chromium concentration to evaluate its toxicity. (elsevier.com)
- Toxicity versus essentiality of chromium. (sjweh.fi)
- The legal limit for total chromium, established in 1991, was based on a 1958 toxicity study in laboratory animals, and applies to both the less-toxic trivalent chromium and the more-toxic hexavalent chromium forms of this compound. (ewg.org)
Trivalent and hexavalent chromium3
- Teratogenic effect of trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds in rabbits. (cu.edu.eg)
- El-Tawil, O. S., and A. M. Morgan, 'Teratogenic effect of trivalent and hexavalent chromium compounds in rabbits. (cu.edu.eg)
- Chromium is a metal that is found in various states of oxidation, such as chromium (III) and chromium (VI), also known as trivalent and hexavalent chromium respectively. (rivm.nl)
Cadmium compounds1
- Cadmium and cadmium compounds can cause lung cancer and have been associated with kidney and prostate cancer. (heart.org)
Nickel compounds1
- Fumes from the welding of stainless-steel and other alloys contain nickel compounds and chromium[VI] and [III]. (who.int)
Ingestion of hexavalent chromium2
Contaminated by hexavalent chromium1
- There are 2 places in the world where well water had become so contaminated by hexavalent chromium that the water turned yellow. (lww.com)
Contains chromium2
- Java Burn also contains chromium, which is a key ingredient. (berkshirewellnessworks.org)
- The body can become depleted of certain nutrients from coffee, so Java Burn contains chromium to replenish the essential mineral and support neuronal function as well as blood sugar balance. (berkshirewellnessworks.org)
Salts2
Copper1
- The EDIs for lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mn) were above the upper tolerable daily intake reference for all studied plant species in both children and adults, an indication that herbal use poses a short-term to long-term health risk to consumers of these herbal products. (allenpress.com)
Metals4
- Chromium VI is used to make alloy metals, paint and dyes. (heart.org)
- Common contaminants at these sites include heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. (cdc.gov)
- The method of active metal is the one most frequently used one, which is the addition of the tiny amount of titanium in metal bond, vanadium, chromium, as well as other active metals. (theautomarketnews.com)
- In addition to titanium, also other refractory metals such as tantalum, niobium, tungsten and also cobalt-chromium alloys benefit from boronizing. (totalmateria.com)
Hexavalent compounds1
- This product can expose you to chemicals including Chromium (hexavalent compounds), which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. (hatchethardware.com)
Mercury2
- Mercury, lead, chromium and other toxic compounds, used in many industrial processes, rob years of healthy life from millions each year. (scientificamerican.com)
- Six RoHS-designated substances (cadmium, lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium and their compounds, PBB and PBDE) are not used. (hk-fuji.com)
Contain chromium1
- Foodstuffs do not contain chromium (VI) as this is converted into harmless chromium (III) before consumption. (rivm.nl)
20013
- In 2001, the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine considered chromium to be an essential nutrient based on its effects on insulin action [ 2 ]. (nih.gov)
- The FNB has not evaluated chromium since 2001. (nih.gov)
- In its 2001 evaluation, the FNB found the existing data insufficient to derive an EAR for chromium. (nih.gov)
Chromite ore1
- The most common source of chromium is chromite ore (FeCr 2 O 4 ). (americanelements.com)
Carcinogenic3
- Definitive data on whether hexavalent chromium administered in drinking water is carcinogenic is needed. (nih.gov)
- The background levels measured in the air outdoors in the Netherlands are lower than the maximum permissible concentration for chromium (VI) of 2.5 ng/m3 (based on the risk level for carcinogenic substances). (rivm.nl)
- But that ranges from nearly 24 years lost because of lead in industrial wastewater to just under three years lost from hexavalent chromium , the carcinogenic form of the element, from tanneries. (scientificamerican.com)
Substance2
- Although the precise mechanism for this activity has not been identified, scientists have proposed that chromium binds to an oligopeptide to form chromodulin, a low-molecular-weight, chromium-binding substance that binds to and activates the insulin receptor to promote insulin action [ 4 , 6-8 ]. (nih.gov)
- Chromium (VI) is always formed as part of another substance and cannot exist on its own. (rivm.nl)
Exposure8
- In this issue, Beaumont et al report cancer mortality rates associated with exposure to high concentrations of hexavalent chromium in well water in Liaoning Province, China. (lww.com)
- These limitations are counterbalanced by the importance of a study of perhaps the highest exposure to hexavalent chromium in water that will ever be experienced by a population large enough to estimate risks of cancer. (lww.com)
- When paint containing chromium (VI) has dried, the chromium (VI) is fixed in the paint and there is no longer any exposure. (rivm.nl)
- Workers may be harmed from exposure to hexavalent chromium. (cdc.gov)
- The following resources provide information about occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium. (cdc.gov)
- NIOSH Criteria Document: Criteria for a Recommendation Standard for an Occupational Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium pdf icon - DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2013-128 (2013). (cdc.gov)
- Role of chemical species and exposure characteristics in cancer among persons occupationally exposed to chromium compounds. (sjweh.fi)
- This is important to keep in mind as prolonged exposure to moisture or acid compounds will lead to failure. (miheuprecision.com)
Volatile3
- The effect of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on chromium-containing atmospheric particles remains obscured because of difficulties in experimental measurements. (elsevier.com)
- The results revealed no direct interactions between Cr(III) particles and the analyzed volatile organic compounds, except ascorbic acid. (elsevier.com)
- Chromium is present in both the primer and the paint itself and its volatile compound. (waykenrm.com)
Chromate3
- After initially binding with oxygen, for example, chromium (VI) is primarily found as chromate and dichromate. (rivm.nl)
- Useful search terms for hexavalent chromium include "chromate" and "chrome six. (cdc.gov)
- Q. Can hexavalent chromium be produced in a chromate conversion coating that states it is purely made with trivalent chromium compounds such as chromium (III) nitrate? (finishing.com)
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS1
- IARC Monographs, volume 34: polynuclear aromatic compounds, part 3, industrial exposures in aluminium production, coal gasification, coke production, and iron and steel founding - summary of data reported and evaluation. (bvsalud.org)
Pigments4
- Chromium(VI) and chromium(III) are used for chrome plating, dyes and pigments, leather tanning, and wood preserving. (cdc.gov)
- Sodium dichromate is an essential chromium product that finds extensive usage in the production of chromium pigments and chromic acid deployed in corrosion control and leather tanning. (emergenresearch.com)
- IARC Monographs, volume 47: some organic solvents, resin monomers and related compounds, pigments and occupational exposures in paint manufacture and painting - summary of data reported and evaluation. (bvsalud.org)
- Rutile pigments (where , 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.50) prepared by solid-state reaction are investigated.Chromium is chromophore (coloring ion) and niobium is counterion (charge-compensating element for electroneutrality). (web.app)
Trioxide1
- In 2010, imported amounts were 954 t of chromium trioxide (mainly from Turkey) and 3,814 t of sodium dichromate from the USA, and the exported amount was 116 t of chromium trioxide mainly to USA (CAREX Canada 2011). (canada.ca)
Magnesium1
- Important compound for regulating body's use of Magnesium. (skinade.com)
Organic1
- Welders who weld painted mild steel can also be exposed to a range of organic compounds produced by pyrolysis. (who.int)
Chrome2
- Chromium (VI) can also be released when welding stainless steel or when processing chrome-plated products such as taps. (rivm.nl)
- A familiar example of electroplating is "chrome plating", in which the metal chromium is deposited over the surface of metal and plastic articles. (batteryvitamin.net)
Ingredients3
- It's crucial to look for products that contain all the essential ingredients, such as Chromium and Green tea leaf extract. (abedofrosessf.com)
- Some key ingredients in Java Burn include L-theanine, chromium, and green tea extract. (berkshirewellnessworks.org)
- Phentermine is a compound that comes to a lot of ingredients with 3000 minutes daily and 19 pounds. (moviebill.com)
Water-soluble1
- The deep reservoirs of the stent are designed to provide greater dose capacity than thin surface coatings, allowing the stents to deliver a broad range of compounds, including fat-soluble drugs, water-soluble drugs, proteins, peptides and oligonucleotides. (medscape.com)
19911
- Approximately 74,000 t of chromium-containing compounds were imported into Canada in 1991 (55% ferroalloys, 28% chromite ores and concentrates, and 9% other compounds) (Statistics Canada 1991). (canada.ca)
Alloys1
- Boronizing is applicable to titanium alloys and a pack process at 950°C creates a compact, uniform layer composed of TiB 2 and TiB compounds. (totalmateria.com)
Carbon5
- Compounds that contain at least one carbon-metal bond are called organometallic compounds. (chemzipper.com)
- A high level of carbon and chromium content is what helps steel bearings perform under the toughest of conditions. (miheuprecision.com)
- Using these tools to sinter liquids The active metal is high carbon compounds form elements and the diamond affinity is huge, which allows for enhance the diamond's surface to enable the metallurgical combination of diamond and metal bond. (theautomarketnews.com)
- IARC Monographs, volume 65: printing processes and printing inks, carbon black and some nitro compounds - summary of data reported and evaluation. (bvsalud.org)
- It presents data reported and results of carcinogenicity evaluation for humans and animals of printing processes and inks, carbon black and some nitro compounds. (bvsalud.org)
Structures1
- We have used XAFS spectroscopy, combined with the ab-initio multiple scattering code FEFF 7, to model the structures of Cr compounds and Cr sorption complexes and precipitated phases on soils impacted by industrial Cr effluent. (journaldephysique.org)
Intermetallic1
- Titanium carbide is an example of intermetallic compounds, which have generally exhibits good chemical stability, no change of valence state, and the system is operating under conditions of high-temperature reduction of the preparation of samples, parts of titanium ions show a delay effect to appear, intending to the solid of titanium ions melting into the cordierite structure , and changing the structure. (theautomarketnews.com)
Chemicals6
- Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are a large group of chemicals with varying properties, uses, and workplace exposures. (cdc.gov)
- Fumes containing various chemicals including hexavalent chromium contribute to these risks. (cdc.gov)
- REACH, the European Union regulation on chemicals, is banning the use of hexavalent chromium compounds from tinplate production processes. (tatasteeleurope.com)
- The downside of steel is that the chromium content makes it susceptible to corrosion from chemicals. (miheuprecision.com)
- WARNING: Motor vehicles contain fuel, oils and fluids, battery posts, terminals and related accessories which contain lead and lead compounds and other chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. (jegs.com)
- Some examples of these chemicals are: lead from lead-based paints, crystalline silica from bricks and cement and other masonry products, and arsenic and chromium from chemically treated lumber. (jegs.com)
Chemical compounds2
- It presents data reported and results of carcinogenicity evaluation for humans and animals of some chemical compounds and occupational exposures. (bvsalud.org)
- An article to be plated is made the negative electrode in a bath containing a solution of chemical compounds with requisite properties. (batteryvitamin.net)
Ozone2
- Depending on your place having prohibitions regarding chromium, cadmium or ozone elements, you will choose the one that is more profitable. (waykenrm.com)
- The measurement of ORP helps the user monitor the effectiveness of disinfecting compounds including chlorine and ozone. (hannaservice.eu)
Burn4
- Java Burn is a blend of green tea extract L-carnitine, green tea extract, and Chromium which enhances the effects of caffeine. (abedofrosessf.com)
- Tea Burn is made up of all-natural compounds that have a positive impact on the body's system. (click4r.com)
- Minerals: The Tea Burn product contains the mineral chromium. (click4r.com)
- fat burn diet pills, but they are a completely natural compound that the body can be used as a natural strong way, while boosting the metabolism of servings. (uniquecarpetandfloor.com)
Processes3
- Chromium(VI) and chromium(0) are generally produced by industrial processes. (cdc.gov)
- Chromium also exists as hexavalent (+6) chromium, a toxic by-product of stainless steel and other manufacturing processes [ 1 , 2 ]. (nih.gov)
- Chromium is a mineral which is essential to many of the body's processes. (abedofrosessf.com)
Nutrients2
- Intake recommendations for chromium and other nutrients are provided in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) developed by an expert committee of the FNB at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine [ 2 ]. (nih.gov)
- Ginger is among the healthiest (and most delicious) spices on the planet which is loaded with nutrients and bioactive compounds that have powerful benefits for your body and brain. (youbeli.com)
Ores1
- Chromium ores have not been mined in Canada since the early 1900s, although there are deposits across Canada (e.g. (canada.ca)
NIOSH2
- NIOSH considers all Cr(VI) compounds to be occupational carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
- NIOSHTIC-2 search results on hexavalent chromium - NIOSHTIC-2 is a searchable database of worker safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
Occurs1
- Chromium(III) occurs naturally in the environment and is an essential nutrient. (cdc.gov)
Essential mineral2
- However, recent research has suggested that although chromium might have benefits at pharmacologic amounts (e.g., in the hundreds of mcg), it is not an essential mineral because an absence or deficiency of chromium does not produce abnormalities that can be reversed with the addition of chromium (see the Chromium Deficiency section below) [ 5 , 9-13 ]. (nih.gov)
- Chromium is an essential mineral that aids in many body functions, including the creation of fats and the management of carbohydrate. (abedofrosessf.com)
Metal6
- The metal chromium, which is the chromium(0) form, is used for making steel. (cdc.gov)
- Chromium (CAS 7440-47-3) is a naturally-occurring metal and its natural atmospheric sources include volcanic emissions, forest fires, vegetative debris and marine aerosols. (canada.ca)
- Chromium as an essential and toxic metal. (sjweh.fi)
- Chromium (Cr), a metal that is released in appreciable amounts from the steel industry into water bodies, is not only the main causative agent of lung cancer in human but also negatively affects the metabolic activities of plants. (mdpi.com)
- Chromium is a naturally occurring metal, but industrial uses can elevate its levels in water. (ewg.org)
- Objective To investigate the biological effect of a new method to camouflage the cobalt-chromium (CoCr) metal structure of an RPD, onto which an electrostatic paint was applied. (bvsalud.org)
Wastewater1
- ORP is also used to monitor redox reactions including the use of bisulfite in the reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium in plating wastewater. (hannaservice.eu)
Stainless1
- To combat the corrosive properties, opt for a higher chromium stainless steel. (miheuprecision.com)
Aluminum1
- It contains abrasives, (chromium oxide and aluminum oxide). (ber10thal.com)
Activates1
- Chromium activates GLUT4 and it positions itself right on the surface of the cell membrane where it is easily able to interact with insulin and glucose. (naturalnews.com)
Exposures1
- This report increases awareness and recommends work practices to reduce exposures to hexavalent chromium. (cdc.gov)