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Chromatography, Thin LayerChromatography, High Pressure LiquidChromatography, AffinityChromatography, GasChromatography, GelChromatography, Ion ExchangeChromatographyChromatography, LiquidMass SpectrometryMolecular WeightGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryGlycolipidsElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelGangliosidesKineticsMolecular Sequence DataChromatography, DEAE-CelluloseSilica GelCarbohydrate SequenceAmino Acid SequenceChromatography, PaperAmino AcidsChromatography, AgaroseSpectrophotometry, UltravioletHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationChemistryCattlePlant ExtractsGlycosphingolipidsChemical PhenomenaMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyCarbohydratesMethodsDiatomaceous EarthSubstrate SpecificityRabbitsChromatography, Reverse-PhasePhospholipidsViscoelastic SubstancesCarbohydrate ConformationOligosaccharidesLiverPhosphorus RadioisotopesDrug StabilityHydrolysisSurface PropertiesFatty AcidsIsoelectric FocusingSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationLipidsDensitometryMicroscopy, ElectronSpectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom BombardmentTemperatureTime FactorsEscherichia coliMethanolReference StandardsSilicon DioxideTritiumSulfoglycosphingolipidsCalibrationSpectrophotometry, InfraredPeptide FragmentsTrypsinSepharoseSwineMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningBase SequenceRadioisotope Dilution TechniqueSpectrophotometryPlasmalogensFood AnalysisG(M3) GangliosideRats, Inbred StrainsCell MembraneFatty AlcoholsCell LineEstersPlant BarkCells, CulturedTandem Mass SpectrometryGlycoproteinsRecombinant ProteinsPeptidesSialic AcidsBiological AssayReproducibility of ResultsMethylationSpectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationRadioimmunoassayMolecular StructureGalactolipidsSpecies SpecificityTissue DistributionPhosphatidylcholinesTabletsPlants, MedicinalMannoseOxidation-ReductionCarbon RadioisotopesPolymersErythrocytesAntibodies, MonoclonalChemical FractionationGlyceridesRibonucleasesCountercurrent DistributionAutoradiographyChromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic CapillaryCulture MediaGerm LayersPhosphatidylinositolsBinding SitesLysophosphatidylcholinesParticle SizeGelsIsoelectric PointMaterials TestingBrainSensitivity and SpecificityG(M1) GangliosideProtein BindingSialyltransferasesSolubilityProstaglandinsSmear LayerMembrane LipidsDNAMacromolecular SubstancesRats, WistarIndicators and ReagentsCeramidesRetinaMutationMicrosomes, LiverPhosphoric Diester HydrolasesRibonucleotidesImmunodiffusionModels, BiologicalMicrosomesStructure-Activity RelationshipPalmitic AcidCloning, MolecularHydroxyapatitesGuinea PigsPolysaccharidesMicrochemistryRNA, MessengerFluorescent DyesArachidonic AcidKidneyArachidonic AcidsCholesterolAdenosine TriphosphateEquipment DesignIodine RadioisotopesBacterial ProteinsLectinsSheepEpitopesDose-Response Relationship, DrugStereoisomerismAcetonitrilesPhosphorylationIsoenzymesHot TemperatureChemical PrecipitationSequence Homology, Amino AcidBrain ChemistryChemistry Techniques, AnalyticalSolventsCarrier ProteinsAmmonium SulfateCentrifugation, Density GradientChickensGlycoside HydrolasesProteinsLimit of DetectionNeuronsRetinal Ganglion CellsImmunohistochemistryAdsorptionAnti-Bacterial AgentsGlycopeptidesRats, Sprague-DawleySolid Phase ExtractionBlotting, WesternAnion Exchange ResinsDogsDurapatitePeptide MappingElectrophoresisIsomerismChemistry, PhysicalPhysicochemical PhenomenaUltracentrifugationFlame IonizationCell WallDetergentsPyramidal Cells
Chromatography, Thin Layer: Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.Chromatography, Affinity: A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Chromatography, Gas: Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.Chromatography, Gel: Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.Chromatography, Ion Exchange: Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.Chromatography: Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.Chromatography, Liquid: Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.Mass Spectrometry: An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.Molecular Weight: The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.Glycolipids: Any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic moiety such as an acylglycerol (see GLYCERIDES), a sphingoid, a ceramide (CERAMIDES) (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. (From IUPAC's webpage)Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel: Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.Gangliosides: A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose: A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Silica Gel: A non-crystalline form of silicon oxide that has absorptive properties. It is commonly used as a desiccating agent and as a stationary phase for CHROMATOGRAPHY. The fully hydrated form of silica gel has distinct properties and is referred to as SILICIC ACID.Carbohydrate Sequence: The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Chromatography, Paper: An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).Amino Acids: Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.Chromatography, Agarose: A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet: Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Hydrogen-Ion Concentration: The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Chemistry: A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Plant Extracts: Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.Glycosphingolipids: Lipids containing at least one monosaccharide residue and either a sphingoid or a ceramide (CERAMIDES). They are subdivided into NEUTRAL GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS comprising monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylsphingoids and monoglycosyl- and oligoglycosylceramides; and ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS which comprises sialosylglycosylsphingolipids (GANGLIOSIDES); SULFOGLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS (formerly known as sulfatides), glycuronoglycosphingolipids, and phospho- and phosphonoglycosphingolipids. (From IUPAC's webpage)Chemical Phenomena: The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).Carbohydrates: The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.Methods: A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.Diatomaceous Earth: A form of SILICON DIOXIDE composed of skeletons of prehistoric aquatic plants which is used for its ABSORPTION quality, taking up 1.5-4 times its weight in water. The microscopic sharp edges are useful for insect control but can also be an inhalation hazard. It has been used in baked goods and animal feed. Kieselguhr is German for flint + earthy sediment.Substrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Chromatography, Reverse-Phase: A chromatography technique in which the stationary phase is composed of a non-polar substance with a polar mobile phase, in contrast to normal-phase chromatography in which the stationary phase is a polar substance with a non-polar mobile phase.Phospholipids: Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.Viscoelastic Substances: Substances that display the physical properties of ELASTICITY and VISCOSITY. The dual-nature of these substances causes them to resist applied forces in a time-dependent manner.Carbohydrate Conformation: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.Oligosaccharides: Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Phosphorus Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.Drug Stability: The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.Surface Properties: Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.Fatty Acids: Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Isoelectric Focusing: Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization: A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.Lipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Densitometry: The measurement of the density of a material by measuring the amount of light or radiation passing through (or absorbed by) the material.Microscopy, Electron: Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment: A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.Reference Standards: A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.Silicon Dioxide: Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.TritiumSulfoglycosphingolipids: GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS with a sulfate group esterified to one of the sugar groups.Calibration: Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.Spectrophotometry, Infrared: Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Peptide Fragments: Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.Trypsin: A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.SepharoseSwine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Microscopy, Electron, Scanning: Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Radioisotope Dilution Technique: Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Spectrophotometry: The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.Plasmalogens: GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS in which one of the two acyl chains is attached to glycerol with an ether alkenyl linkage instead of an ester as with the other glycerophospholipids.Food Analysis: Measurement and evaluation of the components of substances to be taken as FOOD.G(M3) Ganglioside: A ganglioside present in abnormally large amounts in the brain and liver due to a deficient biosynthetic enzyme, G(M3):UDP-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Deficiency of this enzyme prevents the formation of G(M2) ganglioside from G(M3) ganglioside and is the cause of an anabolic sphingolipidosis.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Cell Membrane: The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Fatty Alcohols: Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.EstersPlant Bark: The outer layer of the woody parts of plants.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.Glycoproteins: Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.Recombinant Proteins: Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.Peptides: Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.Sialic Acids: A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.Biological Assay: A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Methylation: Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization: A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.Radioimmunoassay: Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.Molecular Structure: The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.Galactolipids: A group of GLYCOLIPIDS in which the sugar group is GALACTOSE. They are distinguished from GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS in lacking nitrogen. They constitute the majority of MEMBRANE LIPIDS in PLANTS.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Tissue Distribution: Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.Tablets: Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)Plants, Medicinal: Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.Mannose: A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Carbon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.Polymers: Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Chemical Fractionation: Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Glycerides: GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.Ribonucleases: Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.Countercurrent Distribution: A method of separation of two or more substances by repeated distribution between two immiscible liquid phases that move past each other in opposite directions. It is a form of liquid-liquid chromatography. (Stedman, 25th ed)Autoradiography: The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary: A hybrid separation technique combining both chromatographic and electrophoretic separation principles. While the method was invented to separate neutral species, it can also be applied to charged molecules such as small peptides.Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Germ Layers: The three primary germinal layers (ECTODERM; ENDODERM; and MESODERM) developed during GASTRULATION that provide tissues and body plan of a mature organism. They derive from two early layers, hypoblast and epiblast.Phosphatidylinositols: Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to the hexahydroxy alcohol, myo-inositol. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid, myo-inositol, and 2 moles of fatty acids.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Lysophosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES obtained by their partial hydrolysis which removes one of the fatty acid moieties.Particle Size: Relating to the size of solids.Gels: Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.Isoelectric Point: The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.Materials Testing: The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)G(M1) Ganglioside: A specific monosialoganglioside that accumulates abnormally within the nervous system due to a deficiency of GM1-b-galactosidase, resulting in GM1 gangliosidosis.Protein Binding: The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.Sialyltransferases: A group of enzymes with the general formula CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:acceptor N-acetylneuraminyl transferase. They catalyze the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid from CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid to an acceptor, which is usually the terminal sugar residue of an oligosaccharide, a glycoprotein, or a glycolipid. EC 2.4.99.-.Solubility: The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Prostaglandins: A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.Smear Layer: Adherent debris produced when cutting the enamel or dentin in cavity preparation. It is about 1 micron thick and its composition reflects the underlying dentin, although different quantities and qualities of smear layer can be produced by the various instrumentation techniques. Its function is presumed to be protective, as it lowers dentin permeability. However, it masks the underlying dentin and interferes with attempts to bond dental material to the dentin.Membrane Lipids: Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.DNA: A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).Macromolecular Substances: Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Indicators and Reagents: Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)Ceramides: Members of the class of neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the basic units of SPHINGOLIPIDS. They are sphingoids attached via their amino groups to a long chain fatty acyl group. They abnormally accumulate in FABRY DISEASE.Retina: The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Microsomes, Liver: Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases: A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. EC 3.1.4.Ribonucleotides: Nucleotides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed)Immunodiffusion: Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.Models, Biological: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Microsomes: Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)Structure-Activity Relationship: The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Hydroxyapatites: A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Guinea Pigs: A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.PolysaccharidesMicrochemistry: The development and use of techniques and equipment to study or perform chemical reactions, with small quantities of materials, frequently less than a milligram or a milliliter.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Fluorescent Dyes: Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.Arachidonic Acid: An unsaturated, essential fatty acid. It is found in animal and human fat as well as in the liver, brain, and glandular organs, and is a constituent of animal phosphatides. It is formed by the synthesis from dietary linoleic acid and is a precursor in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Arachidonic AcidsCholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.Adenosine Triphosphate: An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Iodine Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of iodine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. I atoms with atomic weights 117-139, except I 127, are radioactive iodine isotopes.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Lectins: Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.Sheep: Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.Epitopes: Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Stereoisomerism: The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Acetonitriles: Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Isoenzymes: Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.Hot Temperature: Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.Chemical Precipitation: The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Brain Chemistry: Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.Chemistry Techniques, Analytical: Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.Solvents: Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Carrier Proteins: Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.Ammonium Sulfate: Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.Centrifugation, Density Gradient: Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Chickens: Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.Glycoside HydrolasesProteins: Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.Limit of Detection: Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.Neurons: The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.Retinal Ganglion Cells: Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Adsorption: The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.Glycopeptides: Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Solid Phase Extraction: An extraction method that separates analytes using a solid phase and a liquid phase. It is used for preparative sample cleanup before analysis by CHROMATOGRAPHY and other analytical methods.Blotting, Western: Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.Anion Exchange Resins: High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions with anions.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.Peptide Mapping: Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.Electrophoresis: An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.Isomerism: The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Chemistry, Physical: The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.Physicochemical Phenomena: The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.Ultracentrifugation: Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Flame Ionization: Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.Cell Wall: The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.Detergents: Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.Pyramidal Cells: Projection neurons in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and the HIPPOCAMPUS. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their cortical region.

Prodigious substrate specificity of AAC(6')-APH(2"), an aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance determinant in enterococci and staphylococci. (1/5786)

BACKGROUND: High-level gentamicin resistance in enterococci and staphylococci is conferred by AAC(6')-APH(2"), an enzyme with 6'-N-acetyltransferase and 2"-O-phosphotransferase activities. The presence of this enzyme in pathogenic gram-positive bacteria prevents the successful use of gentamicin C and most other aminoglycosides as therapeutic agents. RESULTS: In an effort to understand the mechanism of aminoglycoside modification, we expressed AAC(6')-APH(2") in Bacillus subtilis. The purified enzyme is monomeric with a molecular mass of 57 kDa and displays both the expected aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase and O-phosphotransferase activities. Structure-function analysis with various aminoglycosides substrates reveals an enzyme with broad specificity in both enzymatic activities, accounting for AAC(6')-APH(2")'s dramatic negative impact on clinical aminoglycoside therapy. Both lividomycin A and paromomycin, aminoglycosides lacking a 6'-amino group, were acetylated by AAC(6')-APH(2"). The infrared spectrum of the product of paromomycin acetylation yielded a signal consistent with O-acetylation. Mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the products of neomycin phosphorylation indicated that phosphoryl transfer occurred primarily at the 3'-OH of the 6-aminohexose ring A, and that some diphosphorylated material was also present with phosphates at the 3'-OH and the 3"'-OH of ring D, both unprecedented observations for this enzyme. Furthermore, the phosphorylation site of lividomycin A was determined to be the 5"-OH of the pentose ring C. CONCLUSIONS: The bifunctional AAC(6')-APH(2") has the capacity to inactivate virtually all clinically important aminoglycosides through N- and O-acetylation and phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups. The extremely broad substrate specificity of this enzyme will impact on future development of aminoglycosides and presents a significant challenge for antibiotic design.  (+info)

A new bile acid conjugate, ciliatocholic acid, from bovine gall bladder bile. (2/5786)

This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of ciliatocholic acid in bovine gall bladder bile. Ciliatocholic acid was synthesized according to the method described by Bergstrom and Norman for the synthesis of taurocholic acid. Elemental analysis, melting point, and the infrared spectrum of this substance were determined. An isolation procedure for ciliatocholic acid was established by stepwise elution with an HCl-ethanol solvent system using a Dowex-1 anion exchange resin column chromatographic technique. Ciliatocholic acid amounting to 158 mug (as ciliatine) per 100 ml of gall bladder bile was found in the fraction eluted with 0.01 N HCl in 50% ethanol. This coumpound was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography and confirmed to be ciliatocholic acid from the hydrolytic stability, phosphorus determination, and chromatographic behavior. Thus, bovine gall bladder bile contains a small amount of ciliatocholic acid.  (+info)

Lipolytic action of cholera toxin on fat cells. Re-examination of the concept implicating GM1 ganglioside as the native membrane receptor. (3/5786)

The possible role of galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM1) ganglioside in the lipolytic activity of cholera toxin on isolated fat cells has been examined. Analyses of the ganglioside content and composition of intact fat cells, their membranous ghosts, and the total particulate fraction of these cells indicate that N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosylceramide (GM3) represents the major ganglioside, with substantial amounts of N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylglucosylceramide (GM2) and smaller amounts of other higher homologues also present. Native GM1 was not detected in any of these preparations. Examination of the relative capacities of various exogenously added radiolabeled sphingolipids to bind to the cells indicated that GM2 and glucosylsphingosine were accumulated by the cells to extents comparable to GM1. Galactosylsphingosine and sulfatide also exhibited significant, although lesser, binding affinities for the cells. The adipocytes appeared to nonspecifically bind exogenously added GM1; saturation of binding sites for GM1 could not be observed up to the highest concentration tested (2 X 10(-4) M), wherein about 7 X 10(9) molecules were associated with the cells. Essentially all of this exogenously added GM1 was found bound to the plasma membrane "ghost" fraction. Investigation of the biological responses of the cells confirmed their sensitivities to both cholera toxin and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis, as well as the lag period displayed during the toxin's action. While we could confirm that the toxin's lipolytic activity can be enhanced by prior treatment of the fat cells with GM1, several of the observed characteristics of this phenomenon differ from earlier reported findings. Accordingly, added GM1 was able to enhance only the subsequent rate, but not the extent, of toxin-stimulated glycerol release (lipolysis) from the cells. We also were unable to confirm the ability of GM1 to enhance the toxin's activity at either saturating or at low toxin concentrations. The limited ability of added GM1 to enhance the toxin's activity appeared in a unique bell-shaped dose-response manner. The inability of high levels of GM1 to stimulate a dose of toxin that was ineffective on native cells suggests that the earlier reported ability of crude brain gangliosides to accomplish this was due to some component other than GM1 in the crude extract. While several glycosphingolipids and some other carbohydrate-containing substances that were tested lacked the ability to mimic the enhancing effect of GM1, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside exhibited an effect similar to, although less pronounced than, that of GM1. The findings in these studies are unable to lend support to the earlier hypothesis that (a) GM1 is cholera toxin's naturally occurring membrane receptor on native fat cells, and (b) the ability of exogenously added GM1 to enhance the toxin's lipolytic activity represents the specific creation of additional natural receptors on adipocytes...  (+info)

Elevated expression of the CD4 receptor and cell cycle arrest are induced in Jurkat cells by treatment with the novel cyclic dinucleotide 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid. (4/5786)

The effect of the novel, naturally occurring nucleotide cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) on the lymphoblastoid CD4+ Jurkat cell line was studied. When exposed to 50 microM c-di-GMP, Jurkat cells exhibited a markedly elevated expression of the CD4 receptor of up to 6.3-fold over controls. C-di-GMP also causes blockage of the cell cycle at the S-phase, characterized by increased cellular thymidine uptake, reduction in G2/M-phase cells, increase in S-phase cells and decreased cell division. Additionally c-di-GMP naturally enters these cells and binds irreversibly to the P21ras protein. The effects described appear to be unique for c-di-GMP.  (+info)

Esterases in serum-containing growth media counteract chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in vitro. (5/5786)

The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi was unexpectedly found to be as susceptible to diacetyl chloramphenicol, the product of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, as it was to chloramphenicol itself. The susceptibilities of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, as well as that of B. burgdorferi, to diacetyl chloramphenicol were then assayed in different media. All three species were susceptible to diacetyl chloramphenicol when growth media were supplemented with rabbit serum or, to a lesser extent, human serum. Susceptibility of E. coli and B. subtilis to diacetyl chloramphenicol was not observed in the absence of serum, when horse serum was used, or when the rabbit or human serum was heated first. In the presence of 10% rabbit serum, a strain of E. coli bearing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene had a fourfold-lower resistance to chloramphenicol than in the absence of serum. A plate bioassay for chloramphenicol activity showed the conversion by rabbit, mouse, and human sera but not bacterial cell extracts or heated serum of diacetyl chloramphenicol to an inhibitory compound. Deacetylation of acetyl chloramphenicol by serum components was demonstrated by using fluorescent substrates and thin-layer chromatography. These studies indicate that esterases of serum can convert diacetyl chloramphenicol back to an active antibiotic, and thus, in vitro findings may not accurately reflect the level of chloramphenicol resistance by cat-bearing bacteria in vivo.  (+info)

An improved separation procedure for nucleoside monophosphates on polyethyleneimine-(PEI-)cellulose thin layers. (6/5786)

A procedure is described for the two-dimensional separation of the 4 major and 16 modified nucleoside-(5') monophosphates on anion-exchange thin layers of polyethyleneimine- (PEI-)cellulose. The method, which is simple and less time-consuming than existing partition chromatographic methods, may be used for the identification of 5'-termini of RNA and RNA fragments.  (+info)

Accumulation of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids in rat brains during post-decapitative ischemia: a 31p NMR study. (7/5786)

Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy has been used to study accumulation of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids in rat brains during post-decapitative ischemia. Lipids were extracted from rat brain homogenates and the extracts were thoroughly washed with aq. potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The lower organic phases were isolated and evaporated to dryness under a stream of nitrogen and the lipids were redissolved in CDCl3-CH3OH-H2O 100.0:29.9:5.2 (v/v/v) for NMR analysis. Increasing the period of post-decapitative ischemia resulted in an accumulation of two signals in the NMR spectra at 0.18 and 0.22 ppm (relative to the chemical shift of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PCDIACYL) at -0.84 ppm). These signals were identified as originating from 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine (NAPEDIACYL) and 1-(1'-alkenyl)-2-acyl-sn -glycero-3-phospho-(N-acyl)-ethanolamine (NAPEPLAS), respectively, by spiking with authentic materials. Additionally, the identification was verified by thin-layer chromatography, which also showed the accumulation of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids. The use of K-EDTA instead of the commonly used Cs-EDTA in the preparation of the NMR samples allowed the separation of the chemical shifts of N-acyl-ethanolamine phospholipids from those of the ethanolamine phospholipids. Moreover, the chemical shift of cardiolipin was moved from 0.15 ppm observed with Cs-EDTA to about 0.31 ppm with K-EDTA. The present study demonstrates that it is possible to detect and quantify post-decapitative accumulation of NAPE subclasses (NAPEDIACYL and NAPEPLAS) in rat brains by the use of 31P NMR spectroscopy.  (+info)

Lipophilicity determination of some potential photosystem II inhibitors on reversed-phase high-performance thin-layer chromatography. (8/5786)

The retention characteristics of 25 2-cyano-3-methylthio-3-substituted amine-acrylates are determined using reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC) with methanol-water mixtures as eluents. The relationship between Rm values and partition coefficients (C log P) are established. The Rm values decrease linearly with increasing methanol concentration in the eluent. The Rm values extrapolated to zero organic modifier concentration (Rm0) in the eluent are highly related to C log P. The Rm0 value can be used to evaluate the lipophilicity of this kind of compound.  (+info)

Simultaneous Determination of Diosgenin and Guggulsterone-Z in gokshuradi guggulu tablet by High-Performance Thin-Layer...Simultaneous Determination of Diosgenin and Guggulsterone-Z in gokshuradi guggulu tablet by High-Performance Thin-Layer...
The objective of this work was to develop and validate a high performance thin layer chromatography method for simultaneous determination of Guggulost..
HPTLC 2017 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY - JULY 4-8th BERLIN GERMANYHPTLC 2017 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY - JULY 4-8th BERLIN GERMANY
We are enthusiastic to learn how many analysts are now confronted with situations where HPTLC is a suitable solution to their problems and is favored over better known and more widely used analytical methods. When you want to share this experience, discovering how to use HPTLC, when it is described as a method of choice, we would be happy to welcome you to this new International Symposium for High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography.
Thin layer chromatography as a tool for the separation of biomolecules » Essay RaptorThin layer chromatography as a tool for the separation of biomolecules » Essay Raptor
Thin-Layer Chromatography as a tool for the separation of biomolecules. Chromatography encompasses a diverse but related group of methods that permits the separation , isolation , identification and quantification of components in a mixture . Thin layer chromatography is a modern analytical separation method with extensive versatility , much of which is already utilized but there is vast potential for future development into areas where research is just beginning (Wall , 2005 ,. .2 . Thin layer chromatography is a sub-division of liquid chromatography , in which the mobile phase is a liquid and the stationary phase is situated [banner_entry_middle] br as a thin layer on the surface of a flat plate . In TLC , the sample is applied as a small spot or streak to the origin of a thin sorbent layer supported on a glass , plastic or a metal plate . Of the three , glass is proved to be most popular , although aluminium or plastic is more advantageous in the sense that they are flexible and can easily be ...
BANGKAI Thin Layer Chromatography Silica Gel SIO2 - QINGDAO BANGKAI HI-TECH MATERIALS CO.,LTD - ecplaza.netBANGKAI Thin Layer Chromatography Silica Gel SIO2 - QINGDAO BANGKAI HI-TECH MATERIALS CO.,LTD - ecplaza.net
BANGKAI Thin layer chromatography silica gel Properties: Thin layer chromatography silica gel is a white powder particle, the main ingredient is SiO2. It features uniform particle size, high purity, good adsorption and...
Challenges in the development of analytical test procedure for aminoglycosides: A critical review<...Challenges in the development of analytical test procedure for aminoglycosides: A critical review<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Challenges in the development of analytical test procedure for aminoglycosides. T2 - A critical review. AU - Hari, Radhakrishnan. AU - Taherunnisa, Shaik. AU - Raut, Sushil Yadaorao. AU - Mutalik, Srinivas. AU - Koteshwara, Kunnatur B.. PY - 2019/1/1. Y1 - 2019/1/1. N2 - The present article reviews the challenges and hurdles in the development of an analytical method for aminoglycosides (AG). The article emphasizes on the attempts made to develop analytical methods based on HPLC and other sophisticated techniques, such as LC-MS, radioimmunoassay, microbial assay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), extractive colorimetry, anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection, high performance thin layer chromatography, densitometry, and microbial agar diffusion assay. The various media mostly used for the in vitro as well as in vivo estimation of AG by HPLC and LC-MS are heptafluorobutyric acid, ammonium acetate, ammonium formate and formic acid. Estimation of ...
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Determination of Etoricoxib in the Bulk Drug and in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form -...High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatographic Determination of Etoricoxib in the Bulk Drug and in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form -...
A sensitive, accurate, precise, and stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method has been established and validated for analysis of etoricoxib in both bulk drug and formulations. Chromatography is performed on aluminum-backed silica gel 60F254 plates with toluene-1,4-dioxane-methanol 8.5:1.0:0.5 (v/v) as mobile phase. This system furnished compact bands for etoricoxib (R F 0.24). Rofecoxib (RF 0.38) was used as internal standard. Densitometric analysis of etoricoxib was performed in absorbance mode at 235 nm. Linear regression data for the calibration plots showed there was a good linear relationship between response and amount of etoricoxib in the range 100-1500 ng per band; the correlation coefficient was 0.9922 ± 0.001. The mean values of the slope and intercept of the plot were 280.14 ± 0.26 and 320.01 ± 0.22, respectively. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness, and recovery. The limits of detection and quantitation were 30 and 100 ng per ...
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in Journal of Chromatography. A (2006), 1112(1-2), 156-164. A quantitative densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the determination of glucosamine in a dietary supplement containing dried extracts of the main ... [more ▼]. A quantitative densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the determination of glucosamine in a dietary supplement containing dried extracts of the main plants traditionally used for rheumatic disorders. The HPTLC method was chosen in order to circumvent the tedious and time-consuming sample preparation steps necessarily performed before using HPLC methods when analysing complex matrixes. Glucosamine was separated from the plant extracts on a silica gel 60 F(254) HPTLC plate using a saturated mixture of 2-propanol-ethyl acetate-ammonia solution (8%) (10:10:10, v/v/v). The plates were developed vertically up to a distance of 80 mm. For visualization, the plate was dipped into a ...
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in Journal of Chromatography. A (2006), 1112(1-2), 156-164. A quantitative densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the determination of glucosamine in a dietary supplement containing dried extracts of the main ... [more ▼]. A quantitative densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for the determination of glucosamine in a dietary supplement containing dried extracts of the main plants traditionally used for rheumatic disorders. The HPTLC method was chosen in order to circumvent the tedious and time-consuming sample preparation steps necessarily performed before using HPLC methods when analysing complex matrixes. Glucosamine was separated from the plant extracts on a silica gel 60 F(254) HPTLC plate using a saturated mixture of 2-propanol-ethyl acetate-ammonia solution (8%) (10:10:10, v/v/v). The plates were developed vertically up to a distance of 80 mm. For visualization, the plate was dipped into a ...
Phytochemical screening and high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprint profile of three species of <i>leucas</i> ...Phytochemical screening and high-performance thin-layer chromatography fingerprint profile of three species of <i>leucas</i> ...
Background: The members of genus Leucas possess high economic potential. As medicinal herbs these were well known as Droṇapuhṣpī in Ayurveda literature. The present study aims to carry out the phytochemical screening as well as the HPTLC fingerprint profiling of three species of Leucas. Materials and Methods: Aqueous, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of each plant were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. The total phenols, flavonoids and tannins were quantified in the methanolic extract by standard spectrophotometric methods. HPTLC method for the separation of the active constituents in extracts has been developed and TLC of the methanolic extracts on silica gel pre-coated aluminum plates of Merck by automatic TLC applicator and using solvent system Toluene: ethyl acetate:7:3 was performed. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of different extracts showed the presence of different phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, terpenes, tannins, carbohydrates, ...
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Objective: To develop a validated stability-indicating analytical method for simultaneous estimation of Atenolol (ATN) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) in pharmaceutical combined dosage form by HPTLC. Method: A high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed for the separation of ATN and HTZ on plates precoated with aluminium back silica gel 60 F254. Different mobile phases were used on trial and error basis for separation of two drugs. The final mobile phase selected for analysis was n-butanol: ethyl acetate: methanol: tetrahydrofuran in the ratio (1:2:2:1 v/v). Both the drugs showed maximum absorbance at 250 nm which was selected as the detection wavelength throughout the experimental work. Developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines. Forced degradation of drugs was carried out under various stress conditions and HPTLC method was used for analysing the stability of drugs. Result: HPTLC method was successfully developed for separation of ATN and HTZ with good ...
TLC Plates with Cellulose MN 400 (AVICEL®) | TLC plates | Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC, HPTLC) | Chromatography |...TLC Plates with Cellulose MN 400 (AVICEL®) | TLC plates | Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC, HPTLC) | Chromatography |...
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Thin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews and Suppliers on SelectScienceThin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews and Suppliers on SelectScience
Read user reviews, compare products and contact manufacturers of Thin Layer Chromatography products, including chambers, HPTLC and plate equipment on SelectScience.
Thin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews and Suppliers on SelectScienceThin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews and Suppliers on SelectScience
Read user reviews, compare products and contact manufacturers of Thin Layer Chromatography products, including chambers, HPTLC and plate equipment on SelectScience.
Thin Layer Chromatography Syringe | Laboratory Syringes | Spectrum ChemicalThin Layer Chromatography Syringe | Laboratory Syringes | Spectrum Chemical
Get Thin Layer Chromatography Syringe at Spectrum Chemical. SpectrumChemical.com carries a full line of fine chemicals, lab appliances and lab suppl Spectrum Chemical has a complete line of laboratory supplies, equipment and safety items.
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography of Aminoalkanethiosulfuric Acids, Mercaptoalkanamines and...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography of Aminoalkanethiosulfuric Acids, Mercaptoalkanamines and...
The experimental Rm values for a series of aminoalkanethiosulfuric acids, mercaptoalkanamines and aminoalkyl disulfides were determined by reverse phase thin layer chromatography. The Rm values were determined for various concentrations of methanol: water and the correlation obtained was extrapolated to 100% water. These values permitted the calculation of the log P values for each substance. The log P values obtained by this method were compared with those obtained using the shake-flask method and by theoretical calculations utilizing fragment constants.
Thin Layer Chromatography - OReilly Science Art, LLCThin Layer Chromatography - O'Reilly Science Art, LLC
This week my part-time teaching job has felt a bit like a full-time teaching job. No complaints about that at all, it just means that the only thing Ive really sketched this week is ideas for ways to explain the concept of thin layer chromatography to my organic chemistry students. No perspective, no shading, just trying to use simple images to make a complicated subject easier to wrap their minds around. Good thing my students are bright. ...
CHE 276 : Thin Layer Chromatography Lab - Syracuse - Page 1CHE 276 : Thin Layer Chromatography Lab - Syracuse - Page 1
Here is the best resource for homework help with CHE 276 : Thin Layer Chromatography Lab at Syracuse. Find CHE276 study guides, notes, and practice tests from
Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report Conclusion. formal lab report examplesThin Layer Chromatography Lab Report Conclusion. formal lab report examples
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Thin Layer Chromatography - Sample Application 1 :: Chromatography OnlineThin Layer Chromatography - Sample Application 1 :: Chromatography Online
Samples should be applied to a TLC plate as a spot that must have as small a diameter as possible. The sample volume employed with normal TLC plates is usually 1 to 2 ml. However, the so-called HPTLC (High Perfomance TLC) plates are coated with particles 5-7 mm in diameter and these will have a maximum loading of about 100-200 nl. Preferably, on any HPTLC plate, the sample should occupy a circular area on the plate that is no greater than 1 mm in diameter. Unfortunately, as most samples will also require the use of samples volumes only a few nanoliters in volume, it is likely that the sample will require to be concentrated. Manually, the sample is often applied with a micro-pipette which is filled by touching the end of the pipette with the sample solution and then discharging the contents of the pipette by surface tension, touching the surface of the plate. If the solvent is then allowed to evaporate, a second sample can be placed on the top of the first and by a sequence of such operations a ...
TLC and HPTLC Plates - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) | Sigma-AldrichTLC and HPTLC Plates - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) | Sigma-Aldrich
Our glass, PET (polyester) foils, and aluminum foil TLC plates are available coated with silica gel (unmodified, nano-silica gel, C-18, chiral-modified, amino, cyano), aluminum oxide (Alumina), cellulose (fibers, microcrystalline) and Polyamide 6 stationary phases, with and without indicator.
Experimental and theoretical study of chromatographic mobilities of a series of arylamides of ortho hydroxy-arylcarboxylic...Experimental and theoretical study of chromatographic mobilities of a series of arylamides of ortho hydroxy-arylcarboxylic...
Autori: Funar-Timofei, S; Sarandan, E; Sallo, A; Elenes, F; Crasmareanu, E. Editorial: REVISTA DE CHIMIE, 54 (10), p.802-806, 2003.. Rezumat:. Cuvinte cheie: reversed phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC); principal component analysis (PCA); principal component regression analysis (PCRA); multiple linear regression (MLR); Naphthol AS ...
KONTES 416180-1020 Rectangular Shorty Thin Layer Chromatography Developing Tank with Lid for 10 x 20cm TLC Plates - Product...KONTES 416180-1020 Rectangular Shorty Thin Layer Chromatography Developing Tank with Lid for 10 x 20cm TLC Plates - Product...
The Medical Product Guide is the industrys most comprehensive medical devices directory, providing in depth medical product info and company information about anything related to medical devices.
A Modified HPTLC Method Development and Validation for Comparative Quantification of Analgesic Salicin in Industrially...A Modified HPTLC Method Development and Validation for Comparative Quantification of Analgesic Salicin in Industrially...
A Modified HPTLC Method Development and Validation for Comparative Quantification of Analgesic Salicin in Industrially Important Bergenia Species
Development and validation of a HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin calcium and Losartan Potassium in...Development and validation of a HPTLC method for simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin calcium and Losartan Potassium in...
A simple, precise, rapid and accurate HPTLC method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Atorvastatin calcium (ATO) and Losartan Potas..
Patent US7261800 - Automatic in situ electrophoresis method and apparatus - Google PatentsPatent US7261800 - Automatic in situ electrophoresis method and apparatus - Google Patents
A method of in situ electrophoresis of biological samples has the steps of preparing a sample plate and a gel plate, applying reagent onto the gel plate, moving an applicator to the sample plate so as to receive a sample onto the applicator, moving the applicator toward the gel plate such that at least a portion of the sample is loaded onto the gel plate, electrophoresing the gel plate, staining the gel plate and scanning the stained gel plate so as to electronically analyze a band in the gel of the gel plate.
Thin Layer Chromatography - Scanning Densitometry 5 :: Chromatography OnlineThin Layer Chromatography - Scanning Densitometry 5 :: Chromatography Online
CAMAG provides three light sources from which to choose: a deuterium lamp generating light having wavelengths from 190 to 400 nm, a tungsten filament lamp providing light having wavelengths from 350 to 800 nm and a low pressure mercury vapor lamp, which provides high intensity line emissions at wavelengths 254 nm and 578 nm. Light from the lamp light source passes through a lens that focuses it through a slit and onto a diffraction grating. Light from the diffraction grating of the selected wavelength is reflected by a plane mirror through a selectable slit, and thence to another plane mirror and then onto a half silvered mirror. Half the light intensity is taken from the half silvered mirror to a reference photocell and the other half passes to the TLC plate. The light reflected from the plate is monitored by another photocell, aligned at 30˚ to the normal of the plate and the transmitted light is monitored by yet another photocell placed directly under the plate. The stage is driven by ...
Protocol Online: CachedProtocol Online: Cached
Preparation of the Chromotography Tank. 1. Add 150 ml of chloroform/ methanol/0.25%KCI (5:4:1) to a glass chromatography tank (25 cm x 27 cm x 10 cm) lined with filter paper and covered tightly.. 2. Allow vapors in tank to equilibrate for at least 2 hours. For best results, prepare a new tank daily.. Preparation of the Silica Gel Plate. 1. Cut the plate to the desired size using scissors. The optimum height should be 10 cm.. 2. Draw a very light pencil line 1.5 cm parallel to the bottom of the plate being careful not to scratch the silica gel.. 3. Using a glass microsyringe, spot the glycolipid sample along a 5 mm path on the pencil line. Separate these paths (lanes) by 2.5 mm.. 4. Samples to be detected for sugar content by orcinol spray should be placed together on a portion of TLC plate separated from those samples to be immunostained.. Chromatography of the Silica Gel Plate. 1. Using a pair of long forceps, grasp the top of the plate and place in the tank oriented with the spotted sample ...
Online Applied Thin-Layer Chromatography. Best Practice And Avoidance Of MistakesOnline Applied Thin-Layer Chromatography. Best Practice And Avoidance Of Mistakes
online Applied Thin-Layer Chromatography. SIR house with report. am materials to replace then and start debut of their stressor. online Applied Thin-Layer Chromatography. Best Practice and Avoidance of Mistakes psychology and blurring companies make important cancer and have Personality both in and outside of bonifica; umbenannt. summon rallies for development in 4billion proof, higher OA, and beyond. The online Applied Thin-Layer Chromatography. has you to market German individuals of variety and away let it from cognitive ties that try in full students. This cognitive erleichtert is an festival of public monthly throne( CBT) for differences and allegations with long spider( spot). This online Applied is an therapy for already developing CBT events in the policy of homes. It has Fundamental to wrap these Flags if you have with rights and there suggest cognitive formation early approaches that Have on this low reef says:26. Can you communicate it on the prizes, please? here, Jevons arose the ...
Chemistry in Pictures: Seeing spotsChemistry in Pictures: Seeing spots
This thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plate and NMR tube take on different appearances under various wavelengths of light. This became exceedingly clear to Samuel K. Pederson and Liselotte Karulf, a PhD and masters student, respectively, at Aarhus University in Troels Skrydstrups lab, which researches how to use carbon dioxide to synthesize valuable natural products. After separating a reaction mixture, the researchers examined the TLC plate with visible light (top), but didnt see any spots. When they switched to so-called short-wave UV light (254 nm wavelength), the TLC plate glowed green because of dyes added during manufacturing, so the chemicals of interest absorbed the UV light and created dark spots (middle). In the case of this reaction, the chemicals were fluorescent enough under long-wave UV light (365 nm wavelength, bottom) to reveal their positions on the TLC plate and to make the mixture in the NMR tube glow blue as well.. ...
Method Development and Validation For the Simultaneous Estimation of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablet Formulation...Method Development and Validation For the Simultaneous Estimation of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablet Formulation...
High performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous investigation of Irbesartan and Hydrochlo..
Separation of Amino Acids by Thin Layer Chromatogrpahy - International Baccalaureate Chemistry - Marked by Teachers.comSeparation of Amino Acids by Thin Layer Chromatogrpahy - International Baccalaureate Chemistry - Marked by Teachers.com
Introduction. Lab Report: Separation of Amino Acids by Thin Layer Chromatogrpahy Name: Klassa Andersen Lab-Colaborators:Marcus Jones Class: IB1 Data Collection and Processing: Table 1(the recordings of the samples): Test 1 (cm) (Uncertainty �0.5mm): Test 2 (cm) (Uncertainty �0.5mm): Sample 1(Unknown amino acid) : 0.25/1.3 0.25/1.4 Sample 2(alanine): 0.4 0.4 Sample 3(leucine): 1.3 1.4 Sample 4(lysine): 0.25 0.25 To find out what the Rf value is, we to find out the formula for it: The Y value represents the distance between point A and B and also between Point a and b. The X-value represents the numbers from the samples collected from the recordings of the samples. ...read more. Middle. Based from our results, we see that Sample 1 is a mixture of leusine and Lysine since the Rf value of sample 1 is the same as sample 4. The theoretical results that are above are clearly conceded with the experimental results that we got in this experiment. Based from the Rf values we could see that the alanine ...
0388-010388-01
Issue Tuberculosis (TB) affects 9 million people and kills 1.4 million annually, mostly in developing countries, and is increasingly resistant to treatment by standard, first-line drugs. Treatment of resistant TB (MDR-TB) costs upwards of $5,000 per patient. Solution The goal of the project was to engineer a yeast organism to make TB drugs from glucose. The process involved applying molecular genetics methodology to transfer all steps of the 2-deoxystreptamine (2-DOS) pathway to S. cerevisiae, thereby constructing new strains of yeast to act as a cell factory for the production of aminoglycosides. The ability of these strains to produce 2-DOS and kanamycin in batch cultures containing either minimal or complex media with 3% glucose was evaluated by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). Outcome The results of the TLC assay demonstrated the ability of both yeast strains to produce 2-DOS and kanamycin in only complex media, as compared with the control. However, this method is not reproducible or ...
Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Kurthia senegalensis sp. nov.Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Kurthia senegalensis sp. nov.
Analysis of respiratory quinones by HPLC was carried out by the Identification Service and Dr Brian Tindall, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany. Respiratory lipoquinones were extracted from 100 mg of freeze dried cell material as described by Tindall [26,27]. Respiratory lipoquinones were separated into their different classes (menaquinones and ubiquinones) by thin layer chromatography on silica gel, using hexane:tert-butylmethylether (9:1 v/v) as solvent. UV absorbing bands corresponding to menaquinones or ubiquinones were removed from the plate and further analyzed by HPLC at 269 nm. The respiratory quinones were MK-7 (100%) for strain JC8ET. Preparation and determination of cellular fatty acids were carried out by following the procedures given for the Sherlock Microbial identification System (MIDI). The major fatty acids were C15:0 iso 50.75% and C15:0 anteiso 24.05%. Polar lipids were extracted from 100 mg of freeze dried cell material using a chloroform:methanol:0.3% aqueous NaCl mixture 1:2:0.8 ...
workshop - EVIO Labsworkshop - EVIO Labs
Do you want to learn how to test cannabis flowers and extracts for THC and CBD at home or at your business?. Join EVIO Labs Chief Science Officer, Dr. Anthony Smith, for an evening workshop exploring thin layer chromatography and its applications for cannabis testing! All attendees will receive a complete thin layer chromatography kit with all the supplies needed to test 20-25 samples. We will supply many consumables to save some of the contents of your kit to ensure you have plenty of materials after the workshop to perform your own experiments!. Class sizes are limited by design to ensure that all attendees receive plenty of one-on-one attention and instruction. Reserve your spot soon! Must be age 21+ to attend. Cost to attend is $300 and includes the price of the kit. Additional kit upgrades are available including digital balances for $40 and variable pipettors for $100 and may be purchased at the time of registration or at the workshop.. TLC kits are provided by TLC Lab Supply, a local ...
INTERCHIM: TLC - Thin Layer ChromatographyINTERCHIM: TLC - Thin Layer Chromatography
Laboratory equipment supplier for research and industry needs. Access now to the largest scientific products database in our online store.
Essay about Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report - 1793 Words | CramEssay about Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report - 1793 Words | Cram
Free Essay: The plates were set aside to dry and then visualized under short-wave lamp to locate and circle the spots. An acceptable eluting solvent is one...
Biotage - TLC PlatesBiotage - TLC Plates
Biotage TLC plates optimized for use with Biotage flash instruments; matched silica equals better purification throughput, increased compound purity and yield, and reduced solvent cost
FCUB - Du anka M. Milojkovi OpsenicaFCUB - Du anka M. Milojkovi Opsenica
Dragana Dabić, Maja Natić, Zdravko Džambaski, Milovan Stojanović, Rade Marković, Dušanka Milojković-Opsenica, and Živoslav Tešić, Estimation of lipophilicity of N-substituted 2-alkylidene-4-oxothiazolidines by means of reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 34 (2011) 791-804. T. Tosti, M. Natić, A. Smoliński, D. Milić, D. Milojković-Opsenica and Ž. Tešić, Study of retention of 31 polyoxygenated steroids by normal- and reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography, Acta Chromatographica, (2011), 23(3), 429-445. ...
how to quantify radioactivity?how to quantify radioactivity?
32P will come with a datasheet that tells you the activity and calibration date and actually will tell you how to do the conversion to dpm/mol. After correcting your counts from the assay date with the calibration date, you derive the pmol/ml value. Austin tracy wrote: , I am trying to use (32P) orthophosphate to label some E.coli cells, and then , extract the nucleotides and run them on a thin layer chromatography plates. , I have questions about how to quantify those radioactive spots? All the , papers I have seen quantify to the level of pmol/ml, how did they do that? ...
Preparative chromatography trainingPreparative chromatography training
In normal phase chromatography, chemists would typically run a TLC on their samples prior to column chromatography. This involves the time-wasting process of calculating the TLC Rf values for the target compound. Yamazen has introduced a TLC plate reader to work in an automated mode with its Flash Chromatography Systems. So that now, a chemist would run a TLC and simply place the TLC plate on the reader, then the TLC image reader would read and calculate the Rf vlaues. These values and the solvent mixture is fed to Yamazens patented automated method setting software which develops a gradient method that elutes the compound of interest at 4-column volumes. This minimizes solvent use and waste disposal while achieving good sample separation. Hence, Eco-friendly and substantial savings on lab expenses ...
LIAN CHINAHERB AG | About us | LIAN CHINAHERB UKLIAN CHINAHERB AG | About us | LIAN CHINAHERB UK
TCM granules and raw herbs are legally classified as either foods or medicines in the UK, depending on the substance. Identity, quality and purity of the raw materials must be proven through analyis carried out by the importer. The purity analyses are carried out by LIAN in recognized contract laboratories. Even if EU GMP test certificates are available, an identity analysis must also be carried out by the pharmacy. LIAN CHINAHERB performs these identity analyses in our in-house laboratory using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), a method frequently used in the food and agricultural industries, is no longer accepted by the respective authorities. LIAN CHINAHERB, as an importer, posesses a licence for the import, export and wholesale trade as well as a GMP certificate for the production and analysis of TCM medicines. LIAN CHINAHERB has a pharmacy license for our production site in Landgraaf (NL), from which the ordered formulas are shipped on the ...
Rapid, high-resolution, two-dimensional amino acid chromatography on micro scale chromatogramsRapid, high-resolution, two-dimensional amino acid chromatography on micro scale chromatograms
A convenient method is described for two-dimensional amino acid chromatography on micro scale chromatograms of 5 × 5 cm. Despite the short migration paths, excellent separation is obtained. The time of development is short and the technical procedure very simple. Extension to other classes of compounds is possible. show less ...
Biotage - Biotage® SNAP KP-NHBiotage - Biotage® SNAP KP-NH
Biotage® SNAP KP-NH flash cartridges and matching TLC plates separate 2°, 3°, and heterocyclic amines using non-chlorinated solvents. Biotage KP-NH TLC plates are made using the same chemistry as corresponding flash cartridges. Methods developed using Biotage KP-NH TLC plates accurately transfer to Biotage SNAP KP-NH flash cartridges simplifying flash purification. Biotage SNAP cartridges are are made from medical grade materials and batch tested to ensure they meet stringent performance standards including efficiency (plate count) and peak symmetry. The Luer-lock connections operate safely at 100 psi without compression modules and can be used on any flash system. The SNAP design supports the greatest number of loading techniques available, including three different internal dry loading options. Dry loading the sample using Samplet® cartridges gives the best performance by eliminating any dissolution solvent effects. ...
Fatty Acid and Polar Lipid Composition of the Genus Amycolatopsis: Application of Fast Atom Bombardment-Mass Spectrometry to...Fatty Acid and Polar Lipid Composition of the Genus Amycolatopsis: Application of Fast Atom Bombardment-Mass Spectrometry to...
Phospholipid patterns of 15 representative strains of the genus Amycolatopsis were recorded by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The structure analysis of the isolated phospholipids was verified by fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy. The positive- and negative-ion spectra of the partially purified phospholipid fractions qualitatively reflect their distinctive composition. All strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylinositol. Two different types of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylmethylethanolamine were detected, viz., compounds with or without hydroxy fatty acids. These phospholipid patterns underline the integrity of the genus. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry analysis of phospholipid patterns may serve as an aid for differentiation of bacterial species.
Leeuwenhoekiella marinoflava | Semantic ScholarLeeuwenhoekiella marinoflava | Semantic Scholar
Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography revealed that Cytophaga johnsonae contains at least 10 kinds of lipid, 2 of which are… Expand ...
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND FLUNARIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND CAPSULE USING REVERSED -...SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND FLUNARIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND CAPSULE USING REVERSED -...
PATIL, AMOD S; SHIRKHEDKAR, ATUL A; SURANA, SANJAY J and NAWALE, PRAJAKTA S. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND FLUNARIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND CAPSULE USING REVERSED - PHASE HIGH -PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY / DENSITOMETRY. J. Chil. Chem. Soc. [online]. 2012, vol.57, n.1, pp.1033-1035. ISSN 0717-9707. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-97072012000100017.. A simple, rapid and sensitive RP- HPTLC method has been established for the determination of Propranolol hydrochloride (PRH) and Flunarizine Dihydrochloride (FNZ) in bulk and capsule formulation. Separation of both these drugs were achieved on aluminum backed silica gel 60 RP-18 F254S HPTLC plates, prewashed with methanol using methanol: toluene: ammonia (7:3:0.5 v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric scanning was performed at 267 nm. The Rf values for PRH and FNZ were found to be 0.63 and 0.48, respectively. The amount of PRH and FNZ estimated in capsule formulation were found to be 99.20 ± 1.04 and 98.89 ...
Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Comparison Of Volatile And Polyphenolic Compounds In Brazilian...Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Comparison Of Volatile And Polyphenolic Compounds In Brazilian...
Ethanolic extracts and essential oils from Green Propolis from southeastern Brazil and leaf buds from its botanical origin Baccharis dracunculifolia were analyzed by Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC), Reversed Phase High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (RP-HPTLC) and Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. Both ethanolic extracts and essential oils showed similar chromatographic profiles. Thirteen flavonoids were identified by RP-HPLC and RP-HPTLC analyses in both samples. Twenty-three volatile compounds were identified by GC-MS analyses. Seventeen were present in both essential oils. The major flavonoid compound in both extracts was artepillin C. The major volatile compound in both essential oils was nerolidol. The major compounds identified in this work could be used as chemical markers in order to classify and identify botanical origins of propolis ...
Testing of Andrographis | Thin Layer Chromatography | TasteTesting of Andrographis | Thin Layer Chromatography | Taste
Purpose: To characterize the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata, a bitter Indian herb grown in Nigeria, for the purpose of quality control. Methods: The determination of bitterness value and of various physicochemical characteristics; tests for key phytochemicals; and thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the air-dried herb, were carried out as prescribed in standard texts. 3 Results: The mean bitterness value of the herb for both men and women was 2.86 ± 1.74 x 10 units 3 3 per g. The male value (2.07 ± 1.42 x 10 ) appeared to be lower than the females (3.52 ± 1.82 x 10 ) but the difference was not statistically significant. The results (% w/w) of loss on drying (10.64 ± 0.36), total ash (14.10 ± 4.49), water extractive value (30.37 ± 2.63) and acid insoluble ash (1.00 ± 0.06) were similar to those reported for the Asian plant. The phytochemical tests revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, tannins and alkaloids, but not of anthraquinones. Normal phase TLC of the drug yielded 5 ...
LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHOD - Patent applicationLIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHOD - Patent application
0028]Further in this invention, yet another embodiment proposes a liquid chromatograph control method, comprising the step of performing thin layer chromatography on respective samples respectively containing plural components at a preset solvent mixing ratio to obtain Rf values and degrees of separation between developed plural components, performing liquid chromatography to obtain the appropriate sequences of solvent mixing ratios of liquid chromatography for the respective samples of each Rf values, for the respective degrees of separation between developed plural components, obtaining correction factor values corresponding to the respective degrees of separation for correcting the correspondence relationship in reference to the correspondence relationship for a certain degree of separation, and storing them in a storage means; the step of performing thin layer chromatography on a desired sample to obtain an Rf value and the separation degree between any two adjacent components of the ...
ProjectsProjects
http://www.kfunigraz.ac.at/phgwww/. The major goal of the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences/Dept. Pharmacognosy, Karl-Franzens-University Graz is the isolation of active constituents from selected plant material from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Research includes pharmacognostic identification and phytochemical characterization (metabolic profiling) of the plant material. Active extracts will be fractionated using the concept of activity guided isolation in collaboration with partner groups. Fractionation and isolation will be achieved by applying preparative thin layer chromatography, column chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, preparative HPLC and/or solvent partition chromatography. The structures of the compounds will be elucidated by spectroscopic means (UV, IR, MS, NMR). Identified compounds will be submitted to partner groups for in-silico screening and evaluation of the pharmacological anti-inflammatory potential. Additional pharmacological profiling can be ...
Silica-immobilized His(6)-tagged enzyme : Alanine racemase in hydrophobic solventSilica-immobilized His(6)-tagged enzyme : Alanine racemase in hydrophobic solvent
A new immobilization method for enzymes is presented to facilitate synthetic applications in aqueous as well as organic media. The enzyme Alanine racemase (AlaR) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus was cloned, overexpressed and then immobilized on a silica-coated thin-layer chromatography plate to create an enzyme surface. The enzyme, fused to a His(6)-tag at its N-terminal, was tethered to the chemically modified silica-coated TLC plate through cobalt ions. The immobilized enzyme showed unaltered kinetic parameters in small-scale stirred reactions and retained its activity after rinsing, drying, freezing or immersion in n-hexane. This practical method is a first step towards a general immobilization method for synthesis applications with any enzyme suitable for His(6)-tagging.. ...
Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC) Plates Market Size & Share Analysis By Type And Region, Forecast Report, 2011 To 2021 | Million...Thin-layer Chromatography (TLC) Plates Market Size & Share Analysis By Type And Region, Forecast Report, 2011 To 2021 | Million...
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of glass, plastic, or aluminum foil, which is covered with a thin layer of adsorbent material, frequently silica gel, aluminums oxide (alumina), or cellulose. This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase.. After the sample has been applied on the plate, a solvent or solvent mixture (known as the mobile phase) is drawn up the plate via capillary action. As different analytes ascend the TLC plate at dissimilar rates, separation is achieved. The mobile phase has dissimilar properties from the stationary phase. For example, with silica gel, a very polar substance, non-polar mobile phases such as heptanes are used. The mobile phase may be a mixture, allowing chemists to fine-tune the bulk properties of the mobile phase.. After the experiment, the spots are visualized. Often this can be done by projecting ultraviolet light onto the sheet; ...
The Specificity of Monoclonal Antibody A2B5 to C-Series GangliosidesThe Specificity of Monoclonal Antibody A2B5 to C-Series Gangliosides
To examine the specificity of monoclonal antibody A2B5, four A2B5-reactive gangliosides (designated as G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-4) were purified from bonito fish brain. Ganglioside-1, -2, and -3 migrated above GD1b, below GQ1b, and far below GQ1b on thin-layer chromatography. Ganglioside-4 had the slowes …
Chemical Constituents in Root of Rhodiola bupleuroides--《Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica》2007年12期Chemical Constituents in Root of Rhodiola bupleuroides--《Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica》2007年12期
Seven compounds were isolated from the extraction fraction of ethyl acetate which is extracted from the 70% ethanol extract of Rhodiola bupleuroides rhizome by silic gel column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography(Prep-TLC),and structurally identified by spectral technology and chemical methodology.They are gallic acid(1),kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(2),rhodiosin(3),quercetin(4),syringic acid(5),3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy benzene carbonic-7-O-β-D-pyranglucose(6),β-sitosterol(7).All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time,and 5,6 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
METHODS AND OBJECTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSISMETHODS AND OBJECTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Abstract. High-performance thin-layer chromatography method for determination of residual amounts of dry extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (from content of quercetin) in washings from surfaces of pharmaceutical equipment by was developed. Detection was performed by densitometric scanning by measuring of absorbance at a wavelength 380 nm. It was found that intensity of analytical signal from quercetin in adsorbent phase has time-dependent character. This effect can be due to interaction of quercetin with fluorescent indicator UF 254 (zinc silicate) that presents in the adsorbent phase. It was demonstrated that addition of protonic prevents the complex formation and thus stabilize the signal. Sufficient stability of the signal is observed at next reagents ratio - quercetin (μg): phosphoric acid, 85 % (μL) = 1:1. The method was validated on the following parameters: specificity, linearity, precision, limit of detection and limit of quantification. The calibration curve was linear over the ...
Most recent papers with the keyword Vitex agnus | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Vitex agnus | Read by QxMD
There was established the lipid composition of the seeds of Vitex agnus castus L. by the qualitative and quantitative methods of analyses. There were received neutral lipids from the seeds by extraction with hexane in the yield 10%, counted on dry material. For the divide of neutral lipids there was used silica gel plates LS 5/40 in the systems of solvents: 1. petroleum ether-diethylether-acidum aceticum (85:14:1), 2. hexane-diethylether (1:1). After obtaining neutral lipids from the residual plant shrot pollar lipids was extracted with the mixture of chloroform-methanol (2:1) and was divided on silica gel plates LS 5/40, mobile phase: 1 ...
Semiquantitative determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in tissue samples by thin layer chromatographySemiquantitative determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in tissue samples by thin layer chromatography
A method is described for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds in tissue samples. Cleanup by hexane-aceto-nitrile partitioning and Florisil column chromatography are performed on samples before oxidative treatment to convert DDE to DCBP. PCB components are then determined semi-quantitatively by TLC. No prior separation of PCB from chlorinated pesticides is required. The lower limit of sensitivity is 0.2 ?g....
Plus itPlus it
DNA adduct formation by enzyme-activated antibiotics, mitomycin C (MMC) or porfiromycin (PFM), at pH 7.6 or pH 6.0 under anaerobic conditions was analyzed by a 32P-postlabeling method. Antibiotic activation by rat liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) and bovine milk xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2) produced similar results. Five 32P-labeled MMC adducts were separated by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography from DNA alkylated at either pH. Four of the radioactive spots separated by thin layer chromatography were identified as two monofunctional monoadducts [1" alpha and 1" beta forms of N2-(2" beta,7"-diaminomitosen-1"-yl)-2-deoxyguanylic acid], one bifunctional monoadduct [N2-(10"-decarbamoyl-2",7"-diaminomitosen-1" alpha-yl)-2-deoxyguanylic acid], and one cross-linked adduct [N2-(2" beta,7"-diamino-10"-deoxyguanyl-N2-yl-mitosen- 1" alpha-yl)-2-deoxyguanylic acid]. One minor radioactive spot was not identified. By comparing DNA alkylated at the two ...
Proof-of-principle of rTLC, an open-source software developed for image evaluation and multivariate analysis of planar...Proof-of-principle of rTLC, an open-source software developed for image evaluation and multivariate analysis of planar...
High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) is an advantageous analytical technique for analysis of complex samples. Combined with multivariate data analysis, it turns out to be a powerful tool for profiling of many samples in parallel. So far, chromatogram analysis has been time-consuming and required the application of at least two software packages to convert HPTLC chromatograms into a numerical data matrix. Hence, this study aimed to develop a powerful, all in one open-source software for user-friendly image processing and multivariate analysis of HPTLC chromatograms. Using the caret package for machine learning, the software was set up in the R programming language with an HTML−user interface created by the shiny package. The newly developed software, called rTLC, is deployed online, and instructions for direct use as a web application and for local installation, if required, are available on GitHub. rTLC was created especially for routine use in planar chromatography. It ...
Extraction of Natural Dyes from Forest Trees and their Application in Textiles | Thin Layer Chromatography | DyeExtraction of Natural Dyes from Forest Trees and their Application in Textiles | Thin Layer Chromatography | Dye
Extraction of Natural Dyes from Forest Trees and their Application in Textiles - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.
The antitumor monoclonal antibody MOv2 recognizes the Lewis A hapten<...The antitumor monoclonal antibody MOv2 recognizes the Lewis A hapten<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The antitumor monoclonal antibody MOv2 recognizes the Lewis A hapten. AU - Leoni, F.. AU - Magnani, J. L.. AU - Miotti, S.. AU - Canevari, S.. AU - Pasquali, M.. AU - Sonnino, S.. AU - Colnaghi, M. I.. PY - 1988. Y1 - 1988. N2 - Monoclonal antibody MOv2, produced against ovarian carcinoma, was previously found to bind a carbohydrate epitope (CAMOv2) present on mucins, glycoproteins and a neutral glycolipid. In this paper, the structure of the carbohydrate epitope is determined by immunological reactivity with purified glycolipids and oligosaccharides. Using solid-phase radioimmunoassay and immunostaining of thin layer chromatograms, MOv2 binds strongly to Le(a)-active pentasaccharide ceramide. A smaller neutral glycolipid also weakly binds MOv2. Fifty percent inhibition of binding to Le(a)-active pentasaccharide ceramide is achieved with approximately 8 μM concentration of lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNF II). Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) also partially inhibits at about 103 times higher ...
Macomb Mathematics Science Technology Center - MMSTCMacomb Mathematics Science Technology Center - MMSTC
The purpose of this investigation was to learn more about chromatography by designing and performing a DOE experiment. The experiment required some initial research to increase the understanding of the topic. This was accomplished through a literature search and preliminary chromatography experiments. After this knowledge was obtained, further trial and error led to the final factors and design of the experiment. The standard of comparison for the data values was a best Rf value of 0.3 to 0.4. The hypothesis proved to be true in that the silica gel strip, preconditioning, and the glutamic acid (+,+,+) had the highest Rf value of 0.25. These results were expected because they corresponded with the hypothesis. However, another trial, with the silica gel strip, preconditioning, and the aspartic acid (+,+,-), surprisingly had the same Rf value and thus this trial was also a best result. It was concluded that the silica gel strip, in combination with preconditioning and either amino acid (glutamic or ...
Melanocyte stimulating hormones in teleosts. - the University of Baths research portalMelanocyte stimulating hormones in teleosts. - the University of Bath's research portal
Following PAGE of trout pituitary extracts three bioactive peaks of MSH were detected. These peaks labelled A, B and C had Rf values of 0.55-0.65, 0.7-0.85 and 0.9-1 respectively. Although the exact nature of peak A remains uncertain, it is possible that it represents a form of beta-MSH. Peaks B and C, both of which showed cross-reaction with antisera raised against mammalian alpha-MSH, almost certainly represent alpha and desacetyl alpha-MSH (ACTH 1-13 amide) respectively since these peptides are known to exist in the salmonid pituitary and run to similar Rf values. These three bioactive peaks were also extracted from flounder pituitaries, while in the lamprey a single bioactive molecule with an Rf value 0.6-0.7 was found to be present. In the trout although desacetyl alpha-MSH was found to be the predominant form of alpha-MSH in the pituitary and may therefore represent the storage form of this hormone, alpha-MSH was the major form released during in vitro culture. It is therefore likely that ...
Most recent papers with the keyword PGES | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword PGES | Read by QxMD
The etherification of glycerol with propylene over acidic heterogeneous catalysts, Amberlyst-15, S100, and S200 resins, produced mono-propyl glycerol ethers (MPGEs), 1,3-di- and 1,2-di-propyl glycerol ethers (DPGEs), and tri-propyl glycerol ether (TPGE). The propylation of glycerol over Amberlyst-15 yielded only TPGE. The glycerol etherification with 1-butene over Amberlyst-15 and S200 resins produced 1-mono-, 2-mono-, 1,2-di-, and 1,3-di-butyl glycerol ethers (1-MBGE, 2-MBGE, 1,2-DBGE, and 1,3-DBGE). The use of Amberlyst-15 resulted in the propylation and butylation of glycerol with higher yields than those obtained from the S100 and S200 resins ...
Isolation of hydroxy fatty acids from livers of carbon tetrachloride-treated rats by thin-layer chromatography<...Isolation of hydroxy fatty acids from livers of carbon tetrachloride-treated rats by thin-layer chromatography<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Isolation of hydroxy fatty acids from livers of carbon tetrachloride-treated rats by thin-layer chromatography. AU - Bandi, Z. L.. AU - Ansari, G. A.S.. PY - 1989. Y1 - 1989. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0024358754&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0024358754&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89705-3. DO - 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)89705-3. M3 - Article. C2 - 2777965. AN - SCOPUS:0024358754. VL - 475. SP - 461. EP - 466. JO - Journal of Chromatography A. JF - Journal of Chromatography A. SN - 0021-9673. IS - 2. ER - ...
Have at least one other person edit your essay about Paper chromatography lab report discussionHave at least one other person edit your essay about Paper chromatography lab report discussion
Thin layer chromatography, or TLC, is a method for analyzing mixtures by separating the. must not touch the filter paper;...PIGMENT SEPARATION USING PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY. 4.0 DISCUSSION. because it was a real toxic solvent therefore the spraying was one by the lab.The chromatography paper was obtained, a line 1 cm from the base of the paper was drawn straight across the paper,.Place a piece of filter paper into the beaker, as demonstrated by the image below. TLC CHROMATOGRAPHY LAB.There are many different types of chromatography besides the paper chromatography ...
KK AyurvedaKK Ayurveda
My supplier uses the industry-accepted practice of organoleptic testing for the proper identification of its botanicals. This involves the physical examination of the herbs using the senses of sight, taste, smell and touch. Their staff includes recognized experts in the field of ayurvedic herb identification. In addition, qualified botanists in both India and Sri Lanka conduct botanical verification of every species grown and also identify the species at the collection point. They use visual identification, microscopic identification (involving checking plant cell structures against pharmacopoeia standards) as well as Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Layer Chromatography (HPLC) to verify that what they are collecting is actually the correct species. Only on passing these tests do the plants proceed for further cleaning and drying ...
Lacto Fermentation - Pickled Garlic | Dont Eat It! Soap and Skin CareLacto Fermentation - Pickled Garlic | Don't Eat It! Soap and Skin Care
What Is Lacto Fermentation Simply put Lacto Fermentation is a process that uses salt water also know as brine to ferment vegetables. For a more detailed explanation you can click here. Sauerkraut and pickles are probably the most commonly lacto fermented foods here in the USA. However not all pickles are made using lacto fermentation…
Chromatography - GojimoChromatography - Gojimo
Chromatography is a practical technique used to separate and identify the components in a mixture.. Chromatography involves a mixture being dissolved in a mobile phase (which could be a liquid or a gas) that is then passed through an immobile stationary phase (which is usually a solid).. The phases are chosen so that components in the mixture have differing interactions in each phase; the balance of these two factors determines the rate of movement of a component which is recorded as either an Rf value or a retention time and used in a components identification.. Examples of types of chromatography include: thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography and gas chromatography.. First of all lets look at gas-liquid chromatography. Gas-liquid chromatography is a microscale chromatographic technique that can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis.. It consists of a mobile phase of a gas such as helium, argon, nitrogen or hydrogen, (depending on the detection technique used) ...
Peptide Bond Formation: Retraction | SciencePeptide Bond Formation: Retraction | Science
We recently reported that N-acetylphenylalanylphenylalanine (AcPhe-Phe) was produced from the peptidyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) analog N-acetylphenylalanyl- tRNA (AcPhe-tRNA) and phenylalanyl-tRNA (Phe-tRNA) in the presence of the entire 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) or with domain V alone prepared by in vitro transcription (Research Article, 31 July, p. 666) (1, 2). However, we subsequently discovered that there were problems with the identification of the products by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). We (3) and Khaitovich et al. (4) found independently that the spot on the TLC plate that we previously identified as AcPhe-Phe consisted mainly of AcPhe-methyl- or ethyl-ester (AcPhe-OMe or AcPhe-OEt), which might have been produced by the reaction of AcPhe-tRNA and residual alcohol (0.1% or less) in the RNA preparations.. Once we discovered this product misidentification on the TLC plates, we realized that the data in our Science paper concerning quantitative analysis of the spot were not definitive.. In ...
Uncategorized | microrna inhibitorUncategorized | microrna inhibitor
However, no protein accumulation occurred in the PMS controls.. After 10 days of incubation the VE-822 culture entered the stationary phase. During this period the concentration of chrysene in the medium decreased from 400 to 140 mg L−1, i.e. 60% of the chrysene was degraded during the 12 days of incubation. TLC of the ethyl acetate extract of the supernatants from the washed-cell incubations with chrysene showed the presence of polar metabolites. Metabolic intermediates were tentatively identified by comparing their Rf values with those of the respective standard reference compounds. Chrysene moved along with the solvent front. 1-Hydrox-2-naphthoic acid (Rf 0.43) and salicylic acid (Rf 0.15) were identified as the probable intermediates. A spot with Rf value of 0.86 did not match with any standards tested. The extracts were then analysed by HPLC and the individual spots on TLC were further characterized by LC-ESI-MS. Retention times from HPLC analysis (Fig. 2) and LC-ESI-MS. characteristics ...
Detection of Cations Separated by Thin-Layer Chromatography by Fluores by Yinfa Ma and Edward S. Yeung"Detection of Cations Separated by Thin-Layer Chromatography by Fluores" by Yinfa Ma and Edward S. Yeung
Cations such as Cu2+, Cr3+ and Hg+ can be separated on silica gel thin layer Chromatographic plates. The developing solution contains 0.02 M EDTA at pH 2.5. For visualization, the plate was pretreated with ethidium bromide, a strong fluorescer. Quenching of the red fluorescence can be observed visually even down to the 0.1 nmole range per spot.
Using and then different amounts of BSA was - Free Samples of AssignmentsUsing and then different amounts of BSA was - Free Samples of Assignments
Using Chromatography and Spectrophotometry to Analyze and Interpret Amino Acids and ProteinsHypothesis: If amino acids are spotted onto a polar chromatography paper and sit in a nonpolar solution for one hour, the more hydrophilic amino acids will have a lower Rf value due to their tendency to adsorb to the matrix and travel a shorter distance. Introduction: There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids, and they are either classified as polar or nonpolar (Freeman 78-79). Polar amino acids are hydrophilic, and nonpolar amino acids are hydrophobic. Characteristics of amino acids are used to differentiate and establish the different amino acids in a process called chromatography (Lombard 18). In this lab, different amino acids were spotted onto a matrix with a micropipet and put into a non polar solvent for one hour. After it was taken out and dried in a fume hood, the distance each amino acid traveled was measured, and the Rf values were calculated by dividing the distance traveled by each ...
Antibacterial Activity of the Eerial Axtracts from Xanthium brasilicumAntibacterial Activity of the Eerial Axtracts from Xanthium brasilicum
Antibacterial activity of the aerial extracts from Xanthium brasilicum prepared in methanol, diethyl ether, petroleum benzene and an equal mixture of the three solvents were studied against bacterial laboratory standards and clinical isolates using the disk diffusion method. The best antibacterial results were obtained when methanol or the solvent mixture was used. The crude extract with the highest antibacterial activity was fractionated by silica gel chromatography and the biologically active fractions were subjected to thin layer chromatography. All bands were separated and tested for antibacterial activity and the compounds of the active (TLC) bands were identified by 1HNMR spectroscopy. The results showed the presence of two substances, a xanthanolide and a flavonoid.
Post-chromatographic fixed-charge derivatization for the analysis of hydroxyl-containing compounds by a combination of thin...Post-chromatographic fixed-charge derivatization for the analysis of hydroxyl-containing compounds by a combination of thin...
Статья: A simple and convenient on-spot derivatization has been suggested for the modification of hydroxyl-containing compounds for their analysis by thin layer chromatography/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (TLC/MALDI). The proposed approach was based on post-chromatog...
OPUS Würzburg | SearchOPUS Würzburg | Search
Background: According to only a handful of historical sources, Osmunda regalis, the royal fern, has been used already in the middle age as an anti-cancer remedy. To examine this ancient cancer cure, an ethanolic extract of the roots was prepared and analysed in vitro on its effectiveness against head and neck cancer cell lines. Methods: Proliferation inhibition was measured with the MTT assay. Invasion inhibition was tested in a spheroid-based 3-D migration assay on different extracellular matrix surfaces. Corresponding changes in gene expression were analysed by qRT-PCR array. Induction of apoptosis was measured by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) with the Annexin V binding method. The plant extract was analysed by preliminary phytochemical tests, liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Anti-angiogenetic activity was determined by the tube formation assay. Results: O. regalis extract revealed a growth inhibiting effect on the head and neck ...
Near Infrared, GC and HPLC Applications in Cannabis Testing | Cannabis Industry JournalNear Infrared, GC and HPLC Applications in Cannabis Testing | Cannabis Industry Journal
While there are many ways to test cannabis potency, HPLC is the most widely accepted and recognized testing instrumentation. Other instrument techniques include gas chromatography (GC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). HPLC is preferred over GC because it does not apply heat in the testing process and cannabinoids can then be measured in their naturally occurring forms. Using a GC, heat is applied as part of the testing process and cannabinoids such as THCA or CBDA can change form, depending on the level of heat applied. CBDA and THCA have been observed to change form at as low as 40-50C. GC uses anywhere between 150-200C for its processes, and if using a GC, a change of compound form can occur. Using HPLC free of any high-heat environments, acidic (CBDA & THCA) and neutral cannabinoids (CBD, THC, CBG, CBN and others) can be differentiated in a sample for quantification purposes.. Near Infrared. Near infrared (NIR) has been used with cannabis for rapid identification of active pharmaceutical ...
IUCr) Ethyl 5-formyl-3,4-di-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ateIUCr) Ethyl 5-formyl-3,4-di-methyl-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate
A quantity of POCl3 (2.30 g, 0.015 mol) was added dropwise to DMF (1.10 g, 0.015 mol) under stirring on an ice-water bath, then a CH2Cl2 solution (30 ml) containing 3,4-dimethyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-pyrrole (2.51 g, 0.015 mol) was added. After stirring at room temperature for 4 h, a 10% Na2CO3 solution (80 ml) was added. The reaction mixture was refluxing for 0.5 h, then cooled to room temperature, extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×10 ml), and dried with anhydrous Na2CO3. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was treated with column chromatography on silica gel [petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (100:1)] to yield (I) 2.25 g (77%). Colorless prisms of (I) were obtained by slow evaporation of an ethanol solution.. ...
Difference between revisions of 840:153g:Projects/project24 - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of "840:153g:Projects/project24" - OpenWetWare
PROJECT DESCRIPTION: Our gene of interest is accC gene from E. coli 0157:H7 accC gene is the biotin subunit of ACC enzyme which catalyze the biosynthesis of Malonyl CoA. Malonyl CoA controls the rate of fatty acid (Triacylglycerol) biosynthesis. TAG is the fatty acid i.e. used for the biofuel production.In this experiment we will identify if the overexpression of accC gene in E.coli might enhance the production of TAG. For this process we will clone our gene of interest in to plasmid pSB1A3 and transform it in host E. coli. We will do thin layer chromatography for the quantification of fatty acids. Source: Biology department of University of Northern Iowa� Media: Luria Broth� Gene: Acetyl CoA carboxylase biotin carboxylase (accC)� Accession #: NC_011353.1 Region: 4242644..4243993 total base pair- 1350� Introns: None because Bacteria does not have any introns. Bio-brick Compatibility: Compatible Plasmid used: Vector Plasmid pSB1A3 Promoter used:Part: BBa_J23100 ...
DRUG SYNTHESIS INTERNATIONAL: Ranbaxy to introduce malarial treatment Synriam in African nationsDRUG SYNTHESIS INTERNATIONAL: Ranbaxy to introduce malarial treatment Synriam in African nations
s, 4s)-dispiro[cyclohexane-l,3′-[l,2,4]trioxolane-5′,2″-tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decan]-4- ylacetic acid (example 4) (5 g, 15.5mmol, 1 equiv) was treated with pivaloyl chloride (1.87 g, 15.5 mmol, 1 equiv) and triethylamine (2.5gm, 24.8mmol, 1.6 equiv) at -15°C to -100C in dichloromethane (125 mL). The solution was stirred at -150C to -100C for aboutlO to 30 minutes. It resulted in the formation of mixed anydride. To the above reaction mixture, previously prepared solution of 1 ,2-diamino-2-methylpropane (1.64 g, 18.6 mmol, 1.2 equiv) in 25 mL dichloromethane was added at -15°C to -100C. The temperature of reaction mixture was raised to room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at the room temperature till reaction was over. Reaction monitoring was done by thin layer chromatography using 5 to 10% methanol in dichloromethane. The reaction was complete within 2 h. Nitrogen atmosphere was maintained throughout the reaction. Water (125 mL) was charged, organic layer was separated and ...
Quality control departmentQuality control department
The Quality Control Department consists of laboratories for radiometric measurements, chemical analysis and microbiological control. The laboratories are equipped with the necessary modern equipment, which allows to monitor separate production stages from input control of raw products, materials, additional substances, packaging, semi-finished products and on out to finished radiopharmaceuticals control. Such modern analysis methods as gamma-ray and beta-ray spectrometry, physicochemical analysis methods, e.g. atomic emission and atomic absorption spectrometry, spectrophotometry, or liquid, gas, and thin layer chromatography and so on, as well as various methods of microbiological control, are used for end product testing.. Volumetric and total activity control, radionuclide identification, radionuclide purity check of radioactive raw materials, test of semi-finished and end products test on compliance with the regulatory documents are held in the radiometric measurements laboratory.. In the ...
HPTLC Silica gel 60 with concentrating zone 20 x 2.5 cm | 113749HPTLC Silica gel 60 with concentrating zone 20 x 2.5 cm | 113749
Glass HPTLC Silica gel 60 with concentrating zone 20 x 2.5 cm plates. Silica gel HPTLC plates size 20 x 10 cm, 50 sheets. Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information.
AYUMI SHOPPE: May 2009AYUMI SHOPPE: May 2009
A traditional Asian spice.The botanical species of Fingerprinted™ herbs are positively identified by the sophisticated Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) technology. TLC verification method is as accurate and reliable for identifying true herbal species as human fingerprinting. Whole ground herb is minimally processed; dried and pulverized. Each capsule contains 610 mg of Fenugreek Seed ...
Convenient New Synthesis of [7]Circulene.Convenient New Synthesis of [7]Circulene.
COMMUNICATIONS tion of its molecular model, has a chiral, saddle-shaped structure (yellow prisms, m.p. 225-227C, 24% yield)[21and was isolated by chromatography on silica gel. The mechanism for this striking transformation presumably involves the initial formation of the ethano-bridged hexahelicene 9 by pyrolysis, followed by dehydrogenation at both ends of the hexahelicene.[3] MM3 calculations[4] predict a strain energy about 32.2 kcalmol- for 10, which should make it more than 12 kcalmo1-1 more stable than 9 (44.3 kcalmol- l). The 500 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of 10 in CDC1, shows a single peak for the two enantiotopic methylene groups at room temperature (6 = 2,70), but sets of peaks for the aliphatic hydrogens centered at 6 = 2.98 and 3.75 at - 50 c (A = 149.5 Hz) characteristic of an AABB pattern. The coalescence temperature for those two signals was found to be - 10 c,from which we calculate the barrier for ring inversion in 10 to be AG * = 12.2 kcalmol- 1 at this temperature. Finally, ...
FAQ - Master FormulaeFAQ - Master Formulae
The Source We select herbs that are harvested at the proper stage of growth to arrive fresh and vital. Some herb parts, such as flowers, leaves and buds must be processed in a fresh form to retain their full medicinal characteristics. Other herb parts, such as roots, barks, seeds and gums, are brought in dry in order to fully impart their medicinal properties. Our quality control department carefully inspects every shipment of herbs upon arrival. In some cases thin layer chromatography is used to ensure authenticity and quality of the herbs.. Grinding Many of our herbs are ground in a hammer mill. In order to protect the active constituents of the herbs, great care is taken to control the temperature at which the herbs are exposed in the hammer mill to ensure we retain the full nutritional and medicinal properties of the herbs.. Formulations The original founders of Master Formulae worked closely with Dr. Christopher, Naturopathic doctor and Master Herbalist, 40 years ago. Since then weve ...
Resources - | University of UtahResources - | University of Utah
The Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging has as part of its basic science imaging infrastructure a Fuji BAS-5000 Phosphor imager. This device offers extremely high resolution (25 μm) and image quality. It uses Fujifilms unique confocal laser and light-collecting optics. The BAS-5000 is amenable to fine-structure studies of a wide variety of tissue samples. With a dynamic range up to five orders of magnitude and a pixel size as small as 25 μm, the system allows for very high-resolution quantitative autoradiography studies. The system can provide rapid scan times. A 20 x 25 cm imaging plate can be scanned at 50 μm in as little as five minutes. The system includes software for region of interest (ROI) analysis and quantitative assessment of tracer accumulation. The system can image all PET isotopes as well as C-14 and tritium. The system also has the capabilities to perform various optical-based assays, including 2D electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography.. ...
Looking for PhD student positionLooking for PhD student position
To whom it may concern, My name is Shatkina Ljuba. In 1995 I graduated from the Moscow State University (Biophysical Department, Physical School). My diploma project consisted of the study of activity of Influenza Virus polimerase dependent on pH in vitro. I performed this research at the Ivanovsky Institute of Virology (Moscow). Now I work at the Institute of Theoretical & Experimental Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Pushchino). My current research is concerned with the regulation of gene expression in tissues of irradiated mice. During my work I studied basic cell culture techniques, comet assay, nucleic asids isolation and purification, Southern and Northern blot analysis, thin layer chromatography, PCR, molecular cloning, working with mice and isolation of organs. At the moment I am looking for a PhD student position in the field of molecular bilogy. I hope you will accept this letter as an application. Please find my CV and deploma sertificate enclosed. Thank you for ...
Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionizationDesorption atmospheric pressure photoionization
Indole alkaloidIndole alkaloid
3-Hydroxyphenazepam3-Hydroxyphenazepam
AnhalidineAnhalidine
EpothiloneEpothilone
MolybdenumMolybdenum
PropanididPropanidid
AminocarbAminocarb
Forensic toxicologyForensic toxicology
Vermilacinia corrugataVermilacinia corrugata
SemicarbazideSemicarbazide
GinsenosideGinsenoside
Marcos Nogueira EberlinMarcos Nogueira Eberlin
Oleic acidOleic acid
CarbomycinCarbomycin
Unsaturated fatUnsaturated fat
Chromatographic response functionChromatographic response function
Cannabis drug testingCannabis drug testing
Eastern blotEastern blot
Petroselinic acidPetroselinic acid
Vermilacinia varicosaVermilacinia varicosa
David M. GoodallDavid M. Goodall
Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratioLecithin-sphingomyelin ratio
Fusarium sporotrichioidesFusarium sporotrichioides
LipidomicsLipidomics
Blotting paperBlotting paper
Tariric acidTariric acid
ZearalenoneZearalenone
Silica gelSilica gel
MorazoneMorazone
Fluorescence in situ hybridizationFluorescence in situ hybridization
Materials scienceMaterials science
YohimbineYohimbine
User:Plbrown123/Books/Atoms, Ions, Bonds, Molecules, Electronic, and Chemical Analysis; You Dont See that in Dasher! -...User:Plbrown123/Books/Atoms, Ions, Bonds, Molecules, Electronic, and Chemical Analysis; You Don't See that in Dasher! -...
Pentaerythritol tetranitratePentaerythritol tetranitrate
ProteinProtein
HerbalismHerbalism
Alexander Shulgin, den frie encyklopædiAlexander Shulgin, den frie encyklopædi
MycotoxicologyMycotoxicology
DielectrophoresisDielectrophoresis
Ion chromatographyIon chromatography
UltravioletUltraviolet
Membrane technologyMembrane technology
Electron crystallographyElectron crystallography
Chromatography - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaChromatography - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
HemodynamicsHemodynamics
Action potentialAction potential
PraseodymiumPraseodymium
TennessineTennessine
Gel penGel pen
Vitamin B12 total synthesisVitamin B12 total synthesis
Light-emitting diodeLight-emitting diode
Ion chromatographyIon chromatography
Affinity chromatographyAffinity chromatography
XanthophyllXanthophyll
Polymer nanocompositePolymer nanocomposite
ফরেনসিক রসায়ন - উইকিপিডিয়াফরেনসিক রসায়ন - উইকিপিডিয়া
Fatty acidFatty acid
Drug testDrug test
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Chromatography, Thin LayerChromatography, High Pressure LiquidChromatography, AffinityChromatography, GasChromatography, GelChromatography, Ion ExchangeChromatographyChromatography, LiquidMass SpectrometryMolecular WeightGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryGlycolipidsElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelGangliosidesKineticsMolecular Sequence DataChromatography, DEAE-CelluloseSilica GelCarbohydrate SequenceAmino Acid SequenceChromatography, PaperAmino AcidsChromatography, AgaroseSpectrophotometry, UltravioletHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationChemistryCattlePlant ExtractsGlycosphingolipidsChemical PhenomenaMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyCarbohydratesMethodsDiatomaceous EarthSubstrate SpecificityRabbitsChromatography, Reverse-PhasePhospholipidsViscoelastic SubstancesCarbohydrate ConformationOligosaccharidesLiverPhosphorus RadioisotopesDrug StabilityHydrolysisSurface PropertiesFatty AcidsIsoelectric FocusingSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationLipidsDensitometryMicroscopy, ElectronSpectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom BombardmentTemperatureTime FactorsEscherichia coliMethanolReference StandardsSilicon DioxideTritiumSulfoglycosphingolipidsCalibrationSpectrophotometry, InfraredPeptide FragmentsTrypsinSepharoseSwineMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningBase SequenceRadioisotope Dilution TechniqueSpectrophotometryPlasmalogensFood AnalysisG(M3) GangliosideRats, Inbred StrainsCell MembraneFatty AlcoholsCell LineEstersPlant BarkCells, CulturedTandem Mass SpectrometryGlycoproteinsRecombinant ProteinsPeptidesSialic AcidsBiological AssayReproducibility of ResultsMethylationSpectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationRadioimmunoassayMolecular StructureGalactolipidsSpecies SpecificityTissue DistributionPhosphatidylcholinesTabletsPlants, MedicinalMannoseOxidation-ReductionCarbon RadioisotopesPolymersErythrocytesAntibodies, MonoclonalChemical FractionationGlyceridesRibonucleasesCountercurrent DistributionAutoradiographyChromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic CapillaryCulture MediaGerm LayersPhosphatidylinositolsBinding SitesLysophosphatidylcholinesParticle SizeGelsIsoelectric PointMaterials TestingBrainSensitivity and SpecificityG(M1) GangliosideProtein BindingSialyltransferasesSolubilityProstaglandinsSmear LayerMembrane LipidsDNAMacromolecular SubstancesRats, WistarIndicators and ReagentsCeramidesRetinaMutationMicrosomes, LiverPhosphoric Diester HydrolasesRibonucleotidesImmunodiffusionModels, BiologicalMicrosomesStructure-Activity RelationshipPalmitic AcidCloning, MolecularHydroxyapatitesGuinea PigsPolysaccharidesMicrochemistryRNA, MessengerFluorescent DyesArachidonic AcidKidneyArachidonic AcidsCholesterolAdenosine TriphosphateEquipment DesignIodine RadioisotopesBacterial ProteinsLectinsSheepEpitopesDose-Response Relationship, DrugStereoisomerismAcetonitrilesPhosphorylationIsoenzymesHot TemperatureChemical PrecipitationSequence Homology, Amino AcidBrain ChemistryChemistry Techniques, AnalyticalSolventsCarrier ProteinsAmmonium SulfateCentrifugation, Density GradientChickensGlycoside HydrolasesProteinsLimit of DetectionNeuronsRetinal Ganglion CellsImmunohistochemistryAdsorptionAnti-Bacterial AgentsGlycopeptidesRats, Sprague-DawleySolid Phase ExtractionBlotting, WesternAnion Exchange ResinsDogsDurapatitePeptide MappingElectrophoresisIsomerismChemistry, PhysicalPhysicochemical PhenomenaUltracentrifugationFlame IonizationCell WallDetergentsPyramidal Cells
INTERCHIM: TLC - Thin Layer ChromatographyINTERCHIM: TLC - Thin Layer Chromatography
TLC and HPTLC Plates - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) | Sigma-AldrichTLC and HPTLC Plates - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) | Sigma-Aldrich
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography of Aminoalkanethiosulfuric Acids, Mercaptoalkanamines and...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography of Aminoalkanethiosulfuric Acids, Mercaptoalkanamines and...
CHE 276 : Thin Layer Chromatography Lab - Syracuse - Page 1CHE 276 : Thin Layer Chromatography Lab - Syracuse - Page 1
Thin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews and Suppliers on SelectScienceThin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews and Suppliers on SelectScience
Thin Layer Chromatography - References :: Chromatography OnlineThin Layer Chromatography - References :: Chromatography Online
BANGKAI Thin Layer Chromatography Silica Gel SIO2 - QINGDAO BANGKAI HI-TECH MATERIALS CO.,LTD - ecplaza.netBANGKAI Thin Layer Chromatography Silica Gel SIO2 - QINGDAO BANGKAI HI-TECH MATERIALS CO.,LTD - ecplaza.net
Simultaneous Determination of Diosgenin and Guggulsterone-Z in gokshuradi guggulu tablet by High-Performance Thin-Layer...Simultaneous Determination of Diosgenin and Guggulsterone-Z in gokshuradi guggulu tablet by High-Performance Thin-Layer...
Thin Layer Chromatography - OReilly Science Art, LLCThin Layer Chromatography - O'Reilly Science Art, LLC
Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report Conclusion. formal lab report examplesThin Layer Chromatography Lab Report Conclusion. formal lab report examples
Essay about Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report - 1793 Words | CramEssay about Thin Layer Chromatography Lab Report - 1793 Words | Cram
Online Applied Thin-Layer Chromatography. Best Practice And Avoidance Of MistakesOnline Applied Thin-Layer Chromatography. Best Practice And Avoidance Of Mistakes
Thin layer chromatography as a tool for the separation of biomolecules » Essay RaptorThin layer chromatography as a tool for the separation of biomolecules » Essay Raptor
eKhNUIR: Producing of Monolithic Layers of Silica for Thin-Layer Chromatography by Sol-Gel SynthesiseKhNUIR: Producing of Monolithic Layers of Silica for Thin-Layer Chromatography by Sol-Gel Synthesis
HPTLC 2017 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY - JULY 4-8th BERLIN GERMANYHPTLC 2017 - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY - JULY 4-8th BERLIN GERMANY
Biotage - TLC PlatesBiotage - TLC Plates
Pesticide Mobility: Determination by Soil Thin-Layer Chromatography | SciencePesticide Mobility: Determination by Soil Thin-Layer Chromatography | Science
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) from Cole-ParmerThin Layer Chromatography (TLC) from Cole-Parmer
Thin Layer Chromatography in Drug Analysis: 1st Edition (Hardback) - RoutledgeThin Layer Chromatography in Drug Analysis: 1st Edition (Hardback) - Routledge
High-performance thin-layer chromatography - WikipediaHigh-performance thin-layer chromatography - Wikipedia
Thin Layer Chromatography Plate Manufacturer News on Environmental XPRTThin Layer Chromatography Plate Manufacturer News on Environmental XPRT
Thin Layer Chromatography Equipment Offering | China-Mainland | Sigma-AldrichThin Layer Chromatography Equipment Offering | China-Mainland | Sigma-Aldrich
Detection of Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase Heterozygotes by Thin Layer Chromatography and Autoradiography |...Detection of Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase Heterozygotes by Thin Layer Chromatography and Autoradiography |...
Thin Layer Chromatography and Chemometric Studies of Selected Potentilla SpeciesThin Layer Chromatography and Chemometric Studies of Selected Potentilla Species
Photothermal characterisation of plates for thin layer chromatography.Photothermal characterisation of plates for thin layer chromatography.
MilliporeSigma Precoated HPTLC Glass Plates:Chromatography:Thin Layer Chromatography | Fisher ScientificMilliporeSigma Precoated HPTLC Glass Plates:Chromatography:Thin Layer Chromatography | Fisher Scientific
Quantitative determination of assimilable lysine in the protein of the cotton plant by thin-layer chromatography | SpringerLinkQuantitative determination of assimilable lysine in the protein of the cotton plant by thin-layer chromatography | SpringerLink
Thin Layer Chromatography Syringe | Laboratory Syringes | Spectrum ChemicalThin Layer Chromatography Syringe | Laboratory Syringes | Spectrum Chemical
Introduction to Thin-Layer Chromatography-Student Laboratory KitIntroduction to Thin-Layer Chromatography-Student Laboratory Kit
Chromatography, Thin Layer | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystChromatography, Thin Layer | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Performing 1D Thin Layer Chromatography | Protocol (Translated to Spanish)Performing 1D Thin Layer Chromatography | Protocol (Translated to Spanish)
How does Thin Layer Chromatography separate different constituents of a substance? Theoretically explain. | eNotesHow does Thin Layer Chromatography separate different constituents of a substance? Theoretically explain. | eNotes
Thin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews & Suppliers | SelectScienceThin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews & Suppliers | SelectScience
Validation Thin Layer Chromatography for the Determination of Acetaminophen in Tablets and Comparison with a Pharmacopeial...Validation Thin Layer Chromatography for the Determination of Acetaminophen in Tablets and Comparison with a Pharmacopeial...
Thin-layer chromatography - CAMEOThin-layer chromatography - CAMEO
9780892363902: Thin-Layer Chromatography for Binding Media Analysis (Tools for Conservation) - AbeBooks - Mary Striegel:...9780892363902: Thin-Layer Chromatography for Binding Media Analysis (Tools for Conservation) - AbeBooks - Mary Striegel:...
Optimization of Chromatographic Conditions in Thin Layer Chromatography of Flavonoids and Phenolic AcidsOptimization of Chromatographic Conditions in Thin Layer Chromatography of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC). | Thermo Fisher Scientific - USThin-layer chromatography (TLC). | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US
Normal and reversed phase thin layer chromatography data in quantitative structure-activity relationship study of compounds...Normal and reversed phase thin layer chromatography data in quantitative structure-activity relationship study of compounds...
Magiran | Identification the Aromatic Amines of Color Precursor by Using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)Magiran | Identification the Aromatic Amines of Color Precursor by Using Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
Semiquantitative determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in tissue samples by thin layer chromatographySemiquantitative determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in tissue samples by thin layer chromatography
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Chromatography, Thin LayerChromatography, High Pressure LiquidChromatography, AffinityChromatography, GasChromatography, GelChromatography, Ion ExchangeChromatographyChromatography, LiquidMass SpectrometryMolecular WeightGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryGlycolipidsElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelGangliosidesKineticsMolecular Sequence DataChromatography, DEAE-CelluloseSilica GelCarbohydrate SequenceAmino Acid SequenceChromatography, PaperAmino AcidsChromatography, AgaroseSpectrophotometry, UltravioletHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationChemistryCattlePlant ExtractsGlycosphingolipidsChemical PhenomenaMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyCarbohydratesMethodsDiatomaceous EarthSubstrate SpecificityRabbitsChromatography, Reverse-PhasePhospholipidsViscoelastic SubstancesCarbohydrate ConformationOligosaccharidesLiverPhosphorus RadioisotopesDrug StabilityHydrolysisSurface PropertiesFatty AcidsIsoelectric FocusingSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationLipidsDensitometryMicroscopy, ElectronSpectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom BombardmentTemperatureTime FactorsEscherichia coliMethanolReference StandardsSilicon DioxideTritiumSulfoglycosphingolipidsCalibrationSpectrophotometry, InfraredPeptide FragmentsTrypsinSepharoseSwineMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningBase SequenceRadioisotope Dilution TechniqueSpectrophotometryPlasmalogensFood AnalysisG(M3) GangliosideRats, Inbred StrainsCell MembraneFatty AlcoholsCell LineEstersPlant BarkCells, CulturedTandem Mass SpectrometryGlycoproteinsRecombinant ProteinsPeptidesSialic AcidsBiological AssayReproducibility of ResultsMethylationSpectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationRadioimmunoassayMolecular StructureGalactolipidsSpecies SpecificityTissue DistributionPhosphatidylcholinesTabletsPlants, MedicinalMannoseOxidation-ReductionCarbon RadioisotopesPolymersErythrocytesAntibodies, MonoclonalChemical FractionationGlyceridesRibonucleasesCountercurrent DistributionAutoradiographyChromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic CapillaryCulture MediaGerm LayersPhosphatidylinositolsBinding SitesLysophosphatidylcholinesParticle SizeGelsIsoelectric PointMaterials TestingBrainSensitivity and SpecificityG(M1) GangliosideProtein BindingSialyltransferasesSolubilityProstaglandinsSmear LayerMembrane LipidsDNAMacromolecular SubstancesRats, WistarIndicators and ReagentsCeramidesRetinaMutationMicrosomes, LiverPhosphoric Diester HydrolasesRibonucleotidesImmunodiffusionModels, BiologicalMicrosomesStructure-Activity RelationshipPalmitic AcidCloning, MolecularHydroxyapatitesGuinea PigsPolysaccharidesMicrochemistryRNA, MessengerFluorescent DyesArachidonic AcidKidneyArachidonic AcidsCholesterolAdenosine TriphosphateEquipment DesignIodine RadioisotopesBacterial ProteinsLectinsSheepEpitopesDose-Response Relationship, DrugStereoisomerismAcetonitrilesPhosphorylationIsoenzymesHot TemperatureChemical PrecipitationSequence Homology, Amino AcidBrain ChemistryChemistry Techniques, AnalyticalSolventsCarrier ProteinsAmmonium SulfateCentrifugation, Density GradientChickensGlycoside HydrolasesProteinsLimit of DetectionNeuronsRetinal Ganglion CellsImmunohistochemistryAdsorptionAnti-Bacterial AgentsGlycopeptidesRats, Sprague-DawleySolid Phase ExtractionBlotting, WesternAnion Exchange ResinsDogsDurapatitePeptide MappingElectrophoresisIsomerismChemistry, PhysicalPhysicochemical PhenomenaUltracentrifugationFlame IonizationCell WallDetergentsPyramidal Cells
Flash chromatographySeparationColumn ChromatographyPlatesPurificationQuantificationOrganicAdsorbentSolventExamplesPagePhasePerformance Thin Layer ChromatoStationary phasePaper chromatographyCelluloseMixturesTypes of chromatographyExperimentSolventsCompoundsHigh-performanceMixtureMerckDeterminationAdsorbentsWidelyChemicalSample pretreatmentQuantitativeAnalysisJournalLiquidAnalysesPreparativeLipophilicityColumnAcidsProcedure20002018StahlExtracts
Flash chromatography2
Separation2
Column Chromatography2
Plates1
  • These TLC plates combine top-quality adsorbents, consistent manufacturing, rigid QC, and careful packaging--the results of 40 years of experience dedicated to thin layer techniques. (coleparmer.com)
Purification1
Quantification1
Organic1
  • This would make it bad for extractions because it would be in the same state as before when you drained the organic layer. (cram.com)
Adsorbent1
  • During the 5th time, when the solvent level is within 6cm of the top of the adsorbent, add 0.5 cm of sand layer on the slurry. (cram.com)
Solvent1
  • The excess solvent was drained off until its level is exactly above the lower layer of sand and the stopcock was closed. (cram.com)
Examples1
Page1
  • Technology Academy Thin Client Computer Lab Project Submitted by James I. Davis [email protected] TIE-532 November 30, 2008 Thin Client Computer Lab Project - page 2 Thin Client Computer Lab Project Introduction Computers are an integral part of 21st century life, and as such technology education is recognized as part of the Illinois Learning Standards (ISBE, 2008). (cram.com)
Phase1
Performance Thin Layer Chromato11
Stationary phase16
Paper chromatography7
Cellulose10
Mixtures9
Types of chromatography3
Experiment8
Solvents3
Compounds6
High-performance1
Mixture2
Merck1
Determination3
Adsorbents2
Widely3
Chemical3
  • Chromatography is a method using mixed substances that depends on the speed at which they move through special media , or chemical substances. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mixed substance to be tested is added in a small amount and is slowed by certain chemical or physical activity with the chemicals in the chromatography column. (wikipedia.org)
  • Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/chemical-processes/separations-purifications/v/thin-layer-chromatography?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat Missed the previous lesson? (wn.com)
Sample pretreatment1
Quantitative1
Analysis15
Journal2
Liquid2
Analyses1
Preparative1
Lipophilicity1
  • The obtained results showed that reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC), especially with tetrafydrofurane used as an organic modifier of mobile phase, is a useful tool for lipophilicity estimation, as well as for prediction of β-blockers' biological properties. (bocsci.com)
Column5
Acids1
  • The experimental Rm values for a series of aminoalkanethiosulfuric acids, mercaptoalkanamines and aminoalkyl disulfides were determined by reverse phase thin layer chromatography. (mdpi.com)
Procedure1
20001
20181
Stahl1
Extracts1
Thin Layer Chromatography - Scanning Densitometry 5 :: Chromatography Online
Thin Layer Chromatography - Scanning Densitometry 5 :: Chromatography Online (chromatography-online.org)
ADAMANT-TLC plates-MACHEREY-NAGEL | MACHEREY-NAGEL
ADAMANT-TLC plates-MACHEREY-NAGEL | MACHEREY-NAGEL (mn-net.com)
Thin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews and Suppliers on SelectScience
Thin Layer Chromatography Products, Reviews and Suppliers on SelectScience (selectscience.net)
Thin Layer Chromatography | VWR
Thin Layer Chromatography | VWR (sg.vwr.com)
MCE domain proteins: conserved inner membrane lipid-binding proteins required for outer membrane homeostasis | Scientific...
MCE domain proteins: conserved inner membrane lipid-binding proteins required for outer membrane homeostasis | Scientific... (nature.com)
Antibiotics | Free Full-Text | LC-MS/MS Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Phenolic Compounds and Pentacyclic...
Antibiotics | Free Full-Text | LC-MS/MS Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Analysis of Phenolic Compounds and Pentacyclic... (mdpi.com)
Processes | Free Full-Text | High Enzymatic Recovery and Purification of Xylooligosaccharides from Empty Fruit Bunch via...
Processes | Free Full-Text | High Enzymatic Recovery and Purification of Xylooligosaccharides from Empty Fruit Bunch via... (mdpi.com)
Statin as a novel pharmacotherapy of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | Nature Communications
Statin as a novel pharmacotherapy of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | Nature Communications (nature.com)
How does Thin Layer Chromatography separate different constituents of a substance? Theoretically explain. | eNotes
How does Thin Layer Chromatography separate different constituents of a substance? Theoretically explain. | eNotes (enotes.com)
Frontiers | Selective and Efficient Elimination of Vibrio cholerae with a Chemical Modulator that Targets Glucose Metabolism |...
Frontiers | Selective and Efficient Elimination of Vibrio cholerae with a Chemical Modulator that Targets Glucose Metabolism |... (frontiersin.org)
Frontiers | Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sugar Esters in Honey and Agave Syrup | Chemistry
Frontiers | Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sugar Esters in Honey and Agave Syrup | Chemistry (frontiersin.org)
Thin Layer Chromatography in Drug Analysis: 1st Edition (Hardback) - Routledge
Thin Layer Chromatography in Drug Analysis: 1st Edition (Hardback) - Routledge (routledge.com)
Frontiers | The Anti-diarrheal Activity of the Non-toxic Dihuang Powder in Mice | Pharmacology
Frontiers | The Anti-diarrheal Activity of the Non-toxic Dihuang Powder in Mice | Pharmacology (frontiersin.org)
Pesticide Mobility: Determination by Soil Thin-Layer Chromatography | Science
Pesticide Mobility: Determination by Soil Thin-Layer Chromatography | Science (science.sciencemag.org)
Consequences of Lipid Droplet Coat Protein Downregulation in Liver Cells | Diabetes
Consequences of Lipid Droplet Coat Protein Downregulation in Liver Cells | Diabetes (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Frontiers | Neuraminidase-3 Is a Negative Regulator of LFA-1 Adhesion | Chemistry
Frontiers | Neuraminidase-3 Is a Negative Regulator of LFA-1 Adhesion | Chemistry (frontiersin.org)
Frontiers | Engineering Haloferax mediterranei as an Efficient Platform for High Level Production of Lycopene | Microbiology
Frontiers | Engineering Haloferax mediterranei as an Efficient Platform for High Level Production of Lycopene | Microbiology (frontiersin.org)
Plus it
Plus it (jpet.aspetjournals.org)
Cooperative Chemistry Lab Manual
Cooperative Chemistry Lab Manual (mheducation.com)
Detection of Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase Heterozygotes by Thin Layer Chromatography and Autoradiography |...
Detection of Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase Heterozygotes by Thin Layer Chromatography and Autoradiography |... (link.springer.com)
Survival strategies of a sterol auxotroph | Development
Survival strategies of a sterol auxotroph | Development (dev.biologists.org)
Frontiers | Rhamnolipids Produced by Indigenous Acinetobacter junii from Petroleum Reservoir and its Potential in Enhanced Oil...
Frontiers | Rhamnolipids Produced by Indigenous Acinetobacter junii from Petroleum Reservoir and its Potential in Enhanced Oil... (frontiersin.org)
TeachersFirst - Who Did It? - TeachersFirst Introduces Forensic Science - Ink Analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)...
TeachersFirst - Who Did It? - TeachersFirst Introduces Forensic Science - Ink Analysis and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)... (teachersfirst.com)
Experimental Organic Chemistry | Organic Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley
Experimental Organic Chemistry | Organic Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley (wiley.com)
Plus it
Plus it (mct.aacrjournals.org)
Vellozia flavicans Mart. ex Schult. hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the neuromuscular blockade induced by Bothrops jararacussu...
Vellozia flavicans Mart. ex Schult. hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the neuromuscular blockade induced by Bothrops jararacussu... (bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com)