Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Chromatography, Affinity
Chromatography, Gel
Chromatography
Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.
Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Chromatography, Agarose
Mass Spectrometry
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Chromatography, Reverse-Phase
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Amino Acid Sequence
Chromatography, Paper
Amino Acids
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Substrate Specificity
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Chemistry
Chemical Phenomena
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.
Cattle
Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
Carbohydrates
Isoelectric Focusing
Countercurrent Distribution
Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary
Chemical Fractionation
Carbohydrate Sequence
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Isoelectric Point
Oligosaccharides
Peptide Fragments
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Rabbits
Liver
Trypsin
Protein Binding
Macromolecular Substances
Solubility
Temperature
Indicators and Reagents
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)
Immunodiffusion
Hydroxyapatites
A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Peptides
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Reference Standards
Calibration
Glycoproteins
Microchemistry
Base Sequence
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Radioimmunoassay
Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.
Cloning, Molecular
Fatty Acids
Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.
Binding Sites
Stereoisomerism
Biological Assay
A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.
Molecular Structure
Chemical Precipitation
Lectins
Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Isoenzymes
Limit of Detection
Solid Phase Extraction
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Anion Exchange Resins
Plant Extracts
Brain Chemistry
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Methanol
Solvents
Glycopeptides
Rats, Inbred Strains
Flame Ionization
Peptide Mapping
Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Carrier Proteins
Ultracentrifugation
Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Isomerism
Glycolipids
Electrophoresis
Enzyme Stability
Spectrophotometry
Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Durapatite
Sensitivity and Specificity
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Physicochemical Phenomena
Detergents
Chemistry, Physical
Glycosylation
Immunoelectrophoresis
A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.
Cyanogen Bromide
Glycosides
Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)
Cytosol
Blood Proteins
Cell Membrane
Endopeptidases
Electrophoresis, Disc
Electrophoresis in which discontinuities in both the voltage and pH gradients are introduced by using buffers of different composition and pH in the different parts of the gel column. The term 'disc' was originally used as an abbreviation for 'discontinuous' referring to the buffers employed, and does not have anything to do with the shape of the separated zones.
Monosaccharides
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Chymotrypsin
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Microsomes, Liver
Blotting, Western
Isotope Labeling
Erythrocytes
Mannose
Binding, Competitive
Circular Dichroism
Trifluoroacetic Acid
Ultrafiltration
The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).
Plants
Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.
Cells, Cultured
Galactose
An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.
Methylation
Peptide Hydrolases
Fermentation
Chickens
Plant Lectins
Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.
Tissue Distribution
Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.
Immune Sera
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Cross Reactions
Streptomyces
Structure-Activity Relationship
Protease Inhibitors
Sialic Acids
Carbon Radioisotopes
Electrochemistry
Pesticide Residues
Affinity Labels
Edetic Acid
Sugar Alcohols
Cations, Divalent
Acetates
Immunoassay
Gangliosides
A subclass of ACIDIC GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS. They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. Using the Svennerholm system of abbrevations, gangliosides are designated G for ganglioside, plus subscript M, D, or T for mono-, di-, or trisialo, respectively, the subscript letter being followed by a subscript arabic numeral to indicated sequence of migration in thin-layer chromatograms. (From Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1997)
Adsorption
Immunosorbent Techniques
Plants, Medicinal
Heparin
A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Electrophoresis, Paper
Sequence Analysis
Antibodies
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Glycosaminoglycans
Silicon Dioxide
Drug Contamination
Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Solid Phase Microextraction
Kidney
Immunochemistry
Seeds
Mutation
Membrane Proteins
Mitosporic Fungi
Uronic Acids
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Quality Control
Glucuronates
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Enrichment and characterization of histones by two-dimensional hydroxyapatite/reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. (1/289)
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Tetrahydrofuran
THF is used as a component in mobile phases for reversed-phase liquid chromatography. It has a greater elution strength than ... it can be used to dissolve polymers prior to determining their molecular mass using gel permeation chromatography. THF ...
Cinnamomum tamala
Leaf Powder and Polyherbal Formulation Using Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography". Chromatographia. 61 (9-10): 443-446. doi: ...
Amino acid dating
"A new procedure for determining dl amino acid ratios in fossils using reverse phase liquid chromatography". Quaternary Science ... Reverse phase HPLC techniques can measure up to 9 amino acids useful in geochronology over different time scales on a single ... The amino acid derivative hydrolysis product can be combined with a chiral specific fluorescent, separated by chromatography or ... Alternatively, the particular amino acid can be separated by chromatography or electrophoresis, combined with a metal cation, ...
List of Acacia species known to contain psychoactive alkaloids
"Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography of some tryptamine derivatives." Journal of Chromatography 157:365-370. ...
Abraham Badu-Tawiah
Badu-Tawiah, Abraham Kwame (2010). Adsorption isotherms of diamond-packed columns in reverse phase liquid chromatography. OCLC ... Graham Cooks at Purdue University to study high-performance liquid chromatography. There he studied reactions in mass ...
Endcapping
Wilson NS, Gilroy J, Dolan JW, Snyder LR (13 February 2004). "Column selectivity in reversed-phase liquid chromatography: VI. ... In chromatography, endcapping refers to the replacement of accessible silanol groups in a bonded stationary phase by ... "Comparison of the acidity of residual silanol groups in several liquid chromatography columns". Journal of Chromatography. 986 ... Columns with embedded or end-capping polar groups". Journal of Chromatography. 1026 (1-2): 91-100. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2003.11 ...
Vitamin C
"Measurement of intracellular vitamin C levels in human lymphocytes by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography ( ... This verdict was reversed by the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York, on the grounds that China formally advised the ... Supreme Court announced that it would consider an appeal filed to reverse the lower court decision.[155] ... scurvy previously induced by an experimental scorbutic diet with extremely low vitamin C content could be completely reversed ...
Vitamin C
"Measurement of intracellular vitamin C levels in human lymphocytes by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography ( ... scurvy previously induced by an experimental scorbutic diet with extremely low vitamin C content could be completely reversed ...
Susan M. Gaines
Gaines, Susan M.; Jeffrey L. Bada (1987). "Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of aspartame ... She has published peer-reviewed papers in The Journal of Organic Chemistry and the Journal of Chromatography A, as well as ... diastereomeric decomposition products". Journal of Chromatography A. 389: 219-225. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(01)94425-5. Gaines, ...
F number (chemistry)
... in aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography. This relationship can be used to understand the significance of different ... and reversed-phase liquid chromatography". Chromatographia. 18 (1): 44-46. doi:10.1007/BF02279465. S2CID 54035024. Rahman, M. ... "Molecular-shape recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in reversed phase liquid chromatography". Chromatographia. 18 ( ... π Interactions with Noncrystalline Solid Phase for RP-HPLC". Anal. Chem. 77 (20): 6671-6681. doi:10.1021/ac050851v. PMID ...
Procyanidin A2
... of Proanthocyanidin A2 Content in Phenolic Polymer Isolates by Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography". Journal ... of Chromatography A. 1216 (9): 1403-1409. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.086. PMID 19168185.. CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link ...
Modafinil sulfone
"Determination of modafinil in plasma and urine by reversed phase high-performance liquid-chromatography". Journal of ...
Oligonucleotide
Ion-pair reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is used to separate and analyse the oligonucleotides after ... "Ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of oligonucleotides:: Retention prediction". Journal of ... Alkylamides can be used as chromatographic stationary phases. Those phases have been investigated for the separation of ... "Analysis of oligonucleotides by liquid chromatography with alkylamide stationary phase". Open Chemistry. 13 (1). doi:10.1515/ ...
Nelumbo nucifera
... of flavonoids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn by preparative reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography ... Se pu= Chinese journal of chromatography 25.1 (2007): 88-92. *^ Su, X.; Jiang, Y.; Li, Y.; Lin, W. (2003). "Effects of 4- ...
Biogenic substance
Compounds can then be further differentiated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. ... They are generally isolated and measured through the use of chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Additionally, the ... For metabolite profiling, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used to find flavonoids such as quercetin. ... Chemical compounds are then derived through various chromatography and mass spectrometry separations. However, extraction ...
Hydrophobicity scales
Reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is the most important chromatographic method for measuring solute hydrophobicity. ... Hodges, Robert S.; Zhu, Bing-Yan; Zhou, Nian E.; Mant, Colin T. (1994). "Reversed-phase liquid chromatography as a useful probe ... Non liquid phases can also be used with partitioning methods such as micellar phases and vapor phases. Two scales have been ... About a decade ago, another hydrophilicity scale was published, this scale used normal phase liquid chromatography and showed ...
Tandem mass tag
September 2019). "Tandem Mass Tag Labeling Facilitates Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of ...
BIA Separations
"Reversed phase monolithic analytical columns for the determination of HA1 subunit of influenza virus haemagglutinin". Journal ... F. Švec, T. B. Tennikova, Z. Deyl Monolithic materials preparation, properties and applications Journal of Chromatography ... High Performance Monolith Chromatography). During the 1999 and 2000s, the company promoted this new platform technology to the ... Journal of Chromatography A. 1218 (17): 2405-2412. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.066. ISSN 0021-9673. PMID 21215402. Lim, Yow- ...
Deamidation
Protein deamidation has been commonly analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) through peptide mapping. Recently ...
Protein sequencing
The derivatized amino acids are subjected to reversed phase chromatography, typically using a C8 or C18 silica column and an ... the amino acids are derivatized then resolved by reversed phase HPLC. An example of the ion-exchange chromatography is given by ... ion exchange chromatography cannot be used, and thin layer chromatography or high-pressure liquid chromatography should be used ... Alternatively, peptides may be desalted and separated by reversed phase HPLC and introduced into a mass spectrometer via an ESI ...
Stercobilin
Fluorescence Detection of Fecal Urobilins and Porphyrins by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography". ...
SNP genotyping
Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) uses reversed-phase HPLC to interrogate SNPs. The key to DHPLC is the ... Oefner PJ; Underhill PA (1995). "Comparative DNA sequencing by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC)". Am J ... The assay requires forward and reverse PCR primers that will amplify a region that includes the SNP polymorphic site. Allele ... solid phase which has differential affinity for single and double-stranded DNA. In DHPLC, DNA fragments are denatured by ...
Impatiens balsamina
... by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography". Phytochem Anal. 21 (5): 444-50. doi:10.1002/pca.1216. PMID 20931623. ...
Downstream processing
Examples of operations include affinity, size exclusion, reversed phase chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, ... Affinity chromatography often isolates and purifies in a single step. Fermentation (biochemistry) Separation process Unit ...
Rauvolfia serpentina
... and ajmalicine in Rauvolfia serpentina by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography". Journal of Chromatographic ...
Thermospray
This form of ionization is most commonly used with Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The third ... Gelpí E (1995). "Biomedical and biochemical applications of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography ... When thermospray is coupled with High performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (TSP-HPLC-MS) the result is a highly ... It is particularly useful in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In more technical terms thermospray is the ...
Oligonucleotide synthesis
Most commonly, the crude product is desalted using ethanol precipitation, size exclusion chromatography, or reverse-phase HPLC ... 2) The second approach is only used when the intended method of purification is reverse-phase HPLC. In this case, the 5'- ... The solid phase synthesis was implemented using, as containers for the solid phase, miniature glass columns similar in their ... is purified by reverse-phase HPLC. The collected material is then detritylated under aqueous acidic conditions. On small scale ...
Phosphorimidazolide
Alternatively, the phosphorimidazolide may be isolated by reverse-phase flash column chromatography with TEAB buffer and ...
Protein purification
Thirdly, proteins may be separated by polarity/hydrophobicity via high performance liquid chromatography or reversed-phase ... High performance liquid chromatography or high pressure liquid chromatography is a form of chromatography applying high ... The most common form is "reversed phase" HPLC, where the column material is hydrophobic. The proteins are eluted by a gradient ... Ion exchange chromatography is a very powerful tool for use in protein purification and is frequently used in both analytical ...
Naja christyi
... fractions also contained toxins readily separable from the short-chain isotoxin by preparative reverse-phase chromatography. ... Reverse-phase analysis of another peak present in both venoms resolved a toxin that had an N-terminus identical to N. christyi ... Cation exchange chromatography resolved four lethal peaks from N. a. annulata venom and six lethal peaks from N. christyi venom ... The major lethal peaks (about 12% of total venom protein) were purified further with molecular sieve chromatography and were ...
Chemistry
The phase of matter is defined by the phase transition, which is when energy put into or taken out of the system goes into ... They can be analyzed using the tools of chemical analysis, e.g. spectroscopy and chromatography. Scientists engaged in chemical ... in the case of endergonic reactions the situation is the reverse. A reaction is said to be exothermic if the reaction releases ... Another phase commonly encountered in the study of chemistry is the aqueous phase, which is the state of substances dissolved ...
Tetrahydrocannabinol
... by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography estimation.. *^ Ashton CH (February 2001). "Pharmacology and effects of ... enantio-selective separation of phytocannabinoids by enantioselective ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography ...
User:Plbrown123/Books/Atoms, Ions, Bonds, Molecules, Electronic, and Chemical Analysis; You Don't See that in Dasher! -...
Paper chromatography. Reversed-phase chromatography. Size-exclusion chromatography. Thin-layer chromatography. Two-dimensional ... Affinity chromatography. Column chromatography. Displacement chromatography. Electrochromatography. Gas chromatography. High- ... performance liquid chromatography. Capillary electrochromatography. Ion chromatography. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography ... chromatography. Van Deemter equation. Chapter 3. Fundamental Spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy. Rayleigh scattering. ...
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
The GABA(B) receptor antagonist, SGS-742, is currently being tested as a potential therapeutic in an NIH phase II clinical ... Journal of Chromatography B. 792 (1): 99-106. doi:10.1016/S1570-0232(03)00276-9. ISSN 1570-0232. PMID 12829002.. ... high levels of GHB but this can be difficult to measure since GHB has high volatility and may be obscured on gas chromatography ...
Stimulant
Interference with vesicular storage, activating TAAR1, and reversing the flow of monoamine transporters may play a mechanism in ... two recent large phase III studies of lisdexamfetamine (a prodrug to amphetamine) as an adjunct to an SSRI or SNRI in the ... Commonly used tests include chromatography, immunologic assay, and mass spectrometry.[129] See also[edit]. *Antipsychotics ...
List of plasma physics articles
Rajagopal, K (1999). "Mapping the QCD phase diagram". Nuclear Physics A. 661 (1-4): 150-161. arXiv:hep-ph/9908360. Bibcode: ... Princeton field-reversed configuration experiment. *Propulsive Fluid Accumulator, nuclear-powered magnetohydrodynamic ... Chromatography detector. *Chromo-Weibel instability. *Classical-map hypernetted-chain method. *Cnoidal wave ...
DNA sequencing
Emulsion PCR[46] isolates individual DNA molecules along with primer-coated beads in aqueous droplets within an oil phase. A ... A successful RNA extraction will yield a RNA sample that should be converted to complementary DNA (cDNA) using reverse ... were obtained in the early 1970s by academic researchers using laborious methods based on two-dimensional chromatography. ... then detects the mRNA pieces using reverse transcription PCRs. The mRNA may then be amplified and sequenced. The combined ...
James Jorgenson
Ultra High Pressure Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography in Packed Capillary Columns, J.E. MacNair, K.C. Lewis, and J.W. ... "ACS Award in Chromatography - American Chemical Society". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2018-10-30.. ... Chemical Analysis of Single Neurons by Open Tubular Liquid Chromatography, R.T. Kennedy, R.L. St Claire III, J.G. White, and J. ... The group currently focuses on ultra-high pressure capillary liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (MS). ...
Infection
The host harbouring an agent that is in a mature or sexually active stage phase is called the definitive host. The intermediate ... For example, humans can make neither RNA replicases nor reverse transcriptase, and the presence of these enzymes are ... An interesting fact that gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, 16S ribosomal RNA analysis, omics, and other advanced ...
Multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification
Typical examples are reversed phase purification of peptides, hydrophobic interaction chromatography for fatty acids or for ... Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) is a form of chromatography that is used to separate or purify ... In the case of antibodies, the state-of-the-art technique is based on batch affinity chromatography (with Protein A or Protein ... Biomolecules are often purified via solvent gradient batch chromatography. Here smooth linear solvent gradients are applied to ...
Kromatografi
Reverse phase chromatography[besut , besut sumber]. Reverse phase chromatography punika piranti analitikal ingkang kiat kaliyan ... reverse phase chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), size exclusion chromatography, sarta supercritical ... 1.1 Kromatografi Cair (Liquid Chromatography) *1.1.1 Reverse phase chromatography. *1.1.2 High performance liquid ... High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gadhah prinsip ingkang sami kaliyan reverse phase.[9] namung ing metode punika, ...
Ion chromatography
Normal-phase chromatography. *Paper chromatography. *Reversed-phase chromatography. *Size-exclusion chromatography. *Thin-layer ... Aqueous Normal Phase Chromatography. Size exclusion chromatography. Micellar liquid chromatography. Ion chromatography (or ion- ... Anion exchange chromatography retains anions using positively charged functional group: R-X. +. A. −. +. M. +. B. −. ⇄. R-X. + ... or in chromatography columns. Thin layer chromatography or column chromatography share similarities in that they both act ...
Disease
Terminal phase. If a person will die soon from a disease, regardless of whether that disease typically causes death, then the ... Cures are a subset of treatments that reverse diseases completely or end medical problems permanently. Many diseases that ... Some viruses also exhibit a dormant phase, called viral latency, in which the virus hides in the body in an inactive state. For ... stage between the earlier disease process and active dying is the terminal phase.. Extent[edit]. Localized disease. A localized ...
Drug discovery
This approach is known as reverse pharmacology and is the most frequently used approach today.[17] ... Chemical compounds exist in nature as mixtures, so the combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is ... drugs must undergo several successful phases of clinical trials, and pass through a new drug approval process, called the New ... These screens are designed to find compounds which reverse a disease phenotype such as death, protein aggregation, mutant ...
Membrane technology
reverse osmosis. 10-80 bar. salts, small organic molecules The form and shape of the membrane pores are highly dependent on the ... In gas phase filtration different deposition mechanisms are operative, so that particles having sizes below the pore size of ... another is measurement of the cut-off by gel permeation chromatography. These methods are used mainly to measure membranes for ... This principle is more important for dense membranes without natural pores such as those used for reverse osmosis and in fuel ...
Health effects of tobacco
It reverses or halts the effects of the work that has been done to improve health care in these countries, and although smoking ... Bray F, Tyczynski JE, Parkin DM (January 2004). "Going up or coming down? The changing phases of the lung cancer epidemic from ... "Determination of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in cigarette smoke by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection". ...
Ester
... s are generally identified by gas chromatography, taking advantage of their volatility. IR spectra for esters feature an ... Under acidic conditions, the reaction is the reverse reaction of the Fischer esterification. Under basic conditions, hydroxide ... This reaction can suffer from anion availability problems and, therefore, can benefit from the addition of phase transfer ... for analysis by gas chromatography. The method is useful in specialized organic synthetic operations but is considered too ...
Action potential
... the peak phase, the falling phase, the undershoot phase, and the refractory period. During the rising phase the membrane ... The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the polarity of the plasma membrane to reverse, and the ion channels then rapidly ... they can also be useful in purifying ion channels by affinity chromatography or in assaying their concentration. However, such ... Peak and falling phaseEdit. The positive feedback of the rising phase slows and comes to a halt as the sodium ion channels ...
Light-emitting diode
If the reverse voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage, a large current flows and the LED will be damaged. If the reverse current ... y by Liquid-phase Epitaxy". Appl. Phys. Lett. 28 (9): 499. Bibcode:1976ApPhL..28..499P. doi:10.1063/1.88831.. ... high performance liquid chromatography, UV curing and printing, phototherapy, medical/ analytical instrumentation, and DNA ... For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The ...
Tetrahydrocannabinol
... by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography estimation.. *^ Ashton CH (February 2001). "Pharmacology and effects of ...
Lactoferrin
The ability of lactoferrin to bind DNA is used for its isolation and purification using affinity chromatography with columns ... In particular, by destroying the RNA genome, milk RNase inhibits reverse transcription of retroviruses that cause breast cancer ... possibly by suppression of phase I enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2). Also, in another experiment done on hamsters ... McCormick JJ, Larson LJ, Rich MA (1974). "RNase inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity in human milk". Nature. 251 (5477 ...
Solid phase extraction
1 SPE and chromatography. *2 Normal phase SPE procedure. *3 Reversed phase SPE ... Reversed phase SPE[edit]. Reversed phase SPE separates analytes based on their polarity. The stationary phase of a reversed ... Solid-phase microextraction[edit]. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), is a solid phase extraction technique that involves the ... Normal phase SPE procedure[edit]. A selection of solid phase extraction cartridges, available in many sizes, shapes, and types ...
Synephrine
a b L. Mattoli, F. Cangi, A. Maidecchi, C. Ghiara, M. Tubaro, and P. Traldi (2005). "A rapid liquid chromatography electrospray ... In mice pre-treated with reserpine,[l] an oral dose of 0.3 mg/kg d-synephrine significantly reversed the hypothermia, while l- ... "Enantioselective LC analysis of synephrine in natural products on a protein-based chiral stationary phase." J. Pharm. Biomed. ... Furthermore, the marked brocho-constriction produced by injections of histamine was not reversed by either l-synephrine or d,l- ...
Affinity chromatography
Normal-phase chromatography. *Paper chromatography. *Reversed-phase chromatography. *Size-exclusion chromatography. *Thin-layer ... Weak affinity chromatography[edit]. Weak affinity chromatography[28] (WAC) is an affinity chromatography technique for affinity ... and the stationary phase. The stationary phase is first loaded into a column with mobile phase containing a variety of ... Binding to the solid phase may be achieved by column chromatography whereby the solid medium is packed onto a column, the ...
Docetaxel
Data from 40 phase II and phase III studies (n = 2045) with patients undergoing a one-hour infusion of 100 mg/m2 docetaxel once ... 2005). "Quantification of docetaxel and its main metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry ... Data from 40 phase II and phase III studies with patients undergoing a one-hour infusion of 100 mg/m2 docetaxel once every ... Observations of severe side effects in the above 40 phase II and phase III studies were also recorded. ...
Protein
Various types of chromatography are then used to isolate the protein or proteins of interest based on properties such as ... Hey J, Posch A, Cohen A, Liu N, Harbers A (2008). "Fractionation of complex protein mixtures by liquid-phase isoelectric ... As a result, when the lysate is passed over a chromatography column containing nickel, the histidine residues ligate the nickel ... and chromatography; the advent of genetic engineering has made possible a number of methods to facilitate purification. Methods ...
ODS
... a surface coating used in reversed-phase chromatography Oxide dispersion strengthened alloys Ozone-depleting substance, ...
Glycome
N-glycans from glycoproteins are analyzed routinely by high-performance-liquid-chromatography (reversed phase, normal phase and ... By choosing porous graphitic carbon as a stationary phase for liquid chromatography, even non derivatized glycans can be ... The purity of test samples have been obtained through chromatography (affinity chromatography etc.) and analytical ... Fractionated glycans from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instruments can be further analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS(MS ...
Reversed-phase ion-interaction chromatography of metal ions by EDTA precomplexation | SpringerLink
Conditions for the isocratic separation by reversed-phase ion-interaction chromatography of Bi(III), Fe(III), Co(III), Ni(II), ... Conditions for the isocratic separation by reversed-phase ion-interaction chromatography of Bi(III), Fe(III), Co(III), Ni(II), ... Column liquid chromatography Ion-interaction chromatography EDTA complexes Heavy metal ions This is a preview of subscription ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography of Aminoalkanethiosulfuric Acids, Mercaptoalkanamines and...
... mercaptoalkanamines and aminoalkyl disulfides were determined by reverse phase thin layer chromatography. The Rm values were ... Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography of Aminoalkanethiosulfuric Acids, Mercaptoalkanamines and Aminoalkyl Disulfides. Maria ... "Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography of Aminoalkanethiosulfuric Acids, Mercaptoalkanamines and Aminoalkyl Disulfides." Int. ... Reverse Phase Thin Layer Chromatography of Aminoalkanethiosulfuric Acids, Mercaptoalkanamines and Aminoalkyl Disulfides. ...
Unusual signal enhancement in reversed-phase chromatography of polystyrene monitored by UV detector | SpringerLink
Gradient elution of polystyrene standards on reversed phase C18 columns by methanol/tetrahydrofuran or methanol/dichloromethane ... Unusual signal enhancement in reversed-phase chromatography of polystyrene monitored by UV detector. ... Gradient elution of polystyrene standards on reversed phase C18 columns by methanol/tetrahydrofuran or methanol/dichloromethane ... Column liquid chromatography UV detection Solubility Polystyrene Sample precipitation Gradient elution This is a preview of ...
Reversed-phase chromatography - Wikipedia
Reversed-phase chromatography (also called RPC, reverse-phase chromatography, or hydrophobic chromatography) includes any ... hence the term reversed-phase chromatography. Reversed-phase chromatography employs a polar (aqueous) mobile phase. As a result ... "reversed-phase chromatography". doi:10.1351/goldbook.R05376 Akul Mehta (December 27, 2012). "Principle of Reversed-Phase ... This technique is known as reversed-phase ion-pairing chromatography. Aqueous normal-phase chromatography IUPAC, Compendium of ...
Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography | Risperidone | RP-HPLC | Specificity | Validation
... and precise reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the estimation of risperidone in tablet ... Reverse phase liquid chromatography, risperidone, RP-HPLC, specifi city, validation. Risperidone (RIS) is psychotropic agent ... A reverse phase C-18 column equilibrated with mobile phase methanol:acetonitrile:50 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (80: ... A simple, specific, accurate, and precise reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the ...
Detecting Barbiturates by Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography | SelectScience
This application note presents a method of extracting barbiturates from urine and plasma samples by using Tox-Elut solid phase ... Application Note: Detecting Barbiturates by Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography. 5 May 2010 ... This application note presents a method of extracting barbiturates from urine and plasma samples by using Tox-Elut solid phase ... Latest: Three Novel Ways Scientists are Using Chromatography to Keep Environmental Contaminants... ...
Validated quantitation of underivatized amino acids in human blood samples by volatile ion-pair reversed-phase liquid...
... quantitation of underivatized amino acids in human blood samples by volatile ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography ... A validated method that is based on the use of volatile ion-pair liquid chromatography coupled to stable isotope dilution ... as mobile phase modifiers. The collisionally activated dissociation spectra of the amino acids were investigated and the ...
Normal and reversed phase thin layer chromatography data in quantitative structure-activity relationship study of compounds...
Normal and reversed phase thin layer chromatography data in quantitative structure-activity relationship study of compounds ... Thin layer chromatography was performed on silica gel NP 60F(254) and silica gel RP2 60F(254) (silanized) plates impregnated ... with two mobile phases - the systems were chosen as models of drug-5-HT-receptor interaction. Relationships between ...
Molecular profiling of naphthenic acids in technical mixtures and oil sands process-affected water using polar reversed-phase...
... a reversed-phase ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) ultrahigh resolution MS (UHRMS) method was evaluated for the comprehensive profiling of NAs ... of naphthenic acids in technical mixtures and oil sands process-affected water using polar reversed-phase liquid chromatography ... In this work, a reversed-phase ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) ultrahigh resolution MS (UHRMS) method was evaluated for the comprehensive ... Keywords: Naphthenic acid; Oil sands process-affected water; Polar cyanopropyl-bonded phase column; Ultra-HPLC ultrahigh ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Predicting Retention Times of Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds in Reversed-Phase Liquid...
... have successfully been developed for naturally occurring phenolic compounds in a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) ... Predicting Retention Times of Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: A Quantitative ... Predicting Retention Times of Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: A Quantitative ... "Predicting Retention Times of Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: A Quantitative ...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Predicting Retention Times of Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds in Reversed-Phase Liquid...
... have successfully been developed for naturally occurring phenolic compounds in a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) ... reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is considered a practically state-of-the-art technique; as reversed- ... Structure-retention and mobile phase-retention relationships for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of ... Predicting Retention Times of Naturally Occurring Phenolic Compounds in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: A Quantitative ...
Reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography of homologs of Antimycin-A and related derivatives
Reversed-phase gradient HPLC separation of the dansylated or methylated antibiotic compounds produced superior chromatographic ... Although a base-line resolution of the known four major antimycins Al, A2, A3, and A4 was readily achieved with mobile phases ... Of the numerous chromatographic systems examined, a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (70:30) and 0.005 M ... the separation of the new antibiotic subcomponents was highly sensitive to variation in mobile phase conditions. The type and ...
Reverse Phase and Normal Phase High end Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) - fibrefestinternational
Reverse Phase and Normal Phase High end Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). High end Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is used being an ... The cellular phase for a reverse phase system usually consists of water or buffer solution, methanol, acetonitrile and IPA. IPA ... Normal phase HPLC means the stationary phase is made from polar packing material while the cellular phase is of non-polar or ... The rule is opposite of normal phase system, where the stationary phase is packed non-polar material and the mobile phase is ...
Deformations of overloaded bands under pH-stable conditions in reversed phase chromatography
Liquid chromatography, HPLC, UHPLC, Reversed phase, Preparative chromatography, Adsorption isotherm, Injection profile, Sample ... Deformations of overloaded bands under pH-stable conditions in reversed phase chromatography. Edström, Lena Uppsala University ... Journal of Chromatography A On the subject. Analytical Chemistry Search outside of DiVA. GoogleGoogle Scholar. ... 2011 (English)In: Journal of Chromatography A, ISSN 0021-9673, E-ISSN 1873-3778, Vol. 1218, no 15, 1966-1973 p.Article in ...
Separation of functionalized dextrins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography - Infoscience
on a preparative scale by HPLC on RP-18 phases with water as the eluent. These dextrins were obtained by the transfer of a- ... reversed-phase ; of functionalized dextrins) ; functionalized dextrin sepn reversed phase HPLC; liq chromatog functionalized ... Separation of functionalized dextrins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography Andriamboavonjy, E. ; Flaschel, ... Home , Separation of functionalized dextrins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ...
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND FLUNARIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND CAPSULE USING REVERSED -...
PHASE HIGH -PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY / DENSITOMETRY. J. Chil. Chem. Soc. [online]. 2012, vol.57, n.1, pp.1033-1035 ... as mobile phase. Densitometric scanning was performed at 267 nm. The Rf values for PRH and FNZ were found to be 0.63 and 0.48, ... SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND FLUNARIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND CAPSULE USING REVERSED - ...
Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Separation of Intact Proteins by Chromatographic Focusing and Reversed Phase of the...
Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Separation of Intact Proteins by Chromatographic Focusing and Reversed Phase of the ... Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Separation of Intact Proteins by Chromatographic Focusing and Reversed Phase of the ... Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Separation of Intact Proteins by Chromatographic Focusing and Reversed Phase of the ... Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Separation of Intact Proteins by Chromatographic Focusing and Reversed Phase of the ...
Elution behavior of short dsDNA strands in silicon micropillar array columns in ion pair reversed-phase chromatography mode.
Reversed-Phase Enantioselective Chromatography with New µ-mm Chiral Stationary Phases
μm reversed-phase columns, CHIRALCEL® OD® -3R and CHIRALPAK® AD® -3R, have been introduced. High column performance and ... To meet the growing need for fast reversed-phase enantiomer separations, two new 3- ... Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) can give rise to high column pressures due to mobile phase viscosity in addition to ... Reversed-Phase Enantioselective Chromatography with New µ-mm Chiral Stationary Phases. @media screen and (max-width: 468px) { . ...
o-Phthaldialdehyde Precolumn Derivatization and Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Polypeptide...
MEASUREMENT OF FREE COENZYME A IN BIOLOGICAL EXTRACTS BY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY | Biochemical...
MEASUREMENT OF FREE COENZYME A IN BIOLOGICAL EXTRACTS BY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. Ole Chr. ... MEASUREMENT OF FREE COENZYME A IN BIOLOGICAL EXTRACTS BY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ... MEASUREMENT OF FREE COENZYME A IN BIOLOGICAL EXTRACTS BY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ... MEASUREMENT OF FREE COENZYME A IN BIOLOGICAL EXTRACTS BY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ...
Ethylammonium Acetate as a Mobile Phase Modifier for Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography | Springer for Research & Development
... and characterized a concentrated solution of EAA as a reversed phase mobile phase replacement for organic... ... Ethylammonium Acetate as a Mobile Phase Modifier for Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography. ... and characterized a concentrated solution of EAA as a reversed phase mobile phase replacement for organic solvents like ... Column liquid chromatography Aqueous mobile phase modifier Ethylammonium acetate Water-soluble vitamins ...
Reversed-Phase HPLC-MS Analysis of Salivary Peptides for Autism Diagnosis | Chromatography Online
... and peer-reviewed research on liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC), mass spectrometry (MS) and related ... Liquid Chromatography (LC/HPLC)Gas Chromatography (GC)Sample PreparationMass SpectrometryPharmaceutical AnalysisEnvironmental ... Virtual SymposiumFree Simulators for Virtual Chromatography Laboratory ExperimentsCritical Needs in Separation Science. ... GCGC-MSGeneralIndustrialLCLC-MSMedical/BiologicalMisc TechniquesPharmaceuticalsPolymersSample PrepSize-Exclusion Chromatography ...
Rapid and Sensitive Reverse-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Ketorolac in Pharmaceuticals...
Rapid and Sensitive Reverse-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Ketorolac in Pharmaceuticals ... Rapid and Sensitive Reverse-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Estimation of Ketorolac in Pharmaceuticals ... Chaudhary RS, Gangwal SS, Jindal KC, Khanna S. Reversed‑phase high‑performance liquid chromatography of ketorolac and its ... A reliable, rapid and sensitive isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and ...
TKS Publisher | ZEOCHEM - ZEOsphere® DRPDoped Reversed Phase Chromatography GelsFaster, better and more economic than...
I: Investigation of the effect of column temperature in capillary reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of...
I: Investigation of the effect of column temperature in capillary reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of ... Investigation of the effect of column temperature in capillary reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography of ... The effect of column temperature on separation of proteins in reversed phases capillary LC has been investigated in the range ... Mobile phase components and the trap columns were pointed out as the source of the interferences, but no strategy was developed ...
BS ISO 18329:2004 - Milk and milk products. Determination of furosine content. Ion-pair reverse-phase high-performance liquid...
Ion-pair reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method Status : Confirmed, Current Published : November 2004 ... Liquid chromatography, Chromatography, Food products, Milk, Dairy products, Cheese, Determination of content, Chemical analysis ... Methode par chromatographie liquide a haute performance en phase inverse par paire dions. ... Determination of hens egg white lysozyme content by high performance liquid chromatography ...
Lipoxin A4: Problems with its determination using reversed phase chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and confirmation with...
Lipoxin A4: Problems with its determination using reversed phase chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and confirmation with ... The determination of lipoxin A(4) has been accomplished by chromatographic separation using a C18 reversed phase column and ... The authors recommend the use of chiral chromatography in the determination of pro-resolving lipid mediators, together with ...
Influence of eluent composition on the retention factor of azoles in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography,...
... and tetrazole derivatives on the acetonitrile content of the mobile phase was studied. ... Influence of eluent composition on the retention factor of azoles in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ... Influence of eluent composition on the retention factor of azoles in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. ... "Influence of eluent composition on the retention factor of azoles in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography." ...
Get PDF - Separation of natural polar substances by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography centrifugal thin...
... phase high performance liquid chromatography centrifugal thin layer chromatography and droplet countercurrent chromatography ... Comparative study of peptide type antibiotics in reversed phase thin layer chromatography and reversed phase high performance ... Journal Of Chromatography: 3-96, 1984. Use of ion paired reversed phase thin layer chromatography for the analysis of peptides ... Reversed phase high performance thin layer chromatography and column liquid chromatography of metal complexes of pheophorbide a ...
Thin layer chromatoNormal phase chromatoMass SpectrometryPreparativeSeparationsHydrophilicCompoundsIsocraticColumnsRPLCRetentionRapid Reversed-Phase HPLC MethodSupercritical fluid chromatoStationary phasePeptidesAdsorptionColumnInteractionChromatographic methodMixturesPlanar chromatographyHILICSolventsDeterminationLipidsIsolationHighProteinsAnalysisPurificationSelectivityEffective and reproducibleAnalyticalGeneration of reversed-phaseJournalCationOrganic solventPolymer basedMethanol-waterAminoAcetonitrileMethod
Thin layer chromato6
- The experimental Rm values for a series of aminoalkanethiosulfuric acids, mercaptoalkanamines and aminoalkyl disulfides were determined by reverse phase thin layer chromatography. (mdpi.com)
- Normal and reversed phase thin layer chromatography data in quantitative structure-activity relationship study of compounds with affinity for serot. (nih.gov)
- Thin layer chromatography was performed on silica gel NP 60F(254) and silica gel RP2 60F(254) (silanized) plates impregnated with solutions of aspartic acid, serine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, asparagine, threonine and their mixtures (denoted as S1-S11 models), with two mobile phases - the systems were chosen as models of drug-5-HT-receptor interaction. (nih.gov)
- SURANA, SANJAY J and NAWALE, PRAJAKTA S . SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND FLUNARIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND CAPSULE USING REVERSED - PHASE HIGH -PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY / DENSITOMETRY . (scielo.cl)
- The obtained results showed that reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC), especially with tetrafydrofurane used as an organic modifier of mobile phase, is a useful tool for lipophilicity estimation, as well as for prediction of β-blockers' biological properties. (bocsci.com)
- The chromatographic behavior of 23 new 2-alkylidene-4-oxothiazolidine derivatives was investigated by means of the reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP TLC) on the C18 and CN stationary phases. (ac.rs)
Normal phase chromato10
- This type of technique is now referred to as normal-phase chromatography. (wikipedia.org)
- The use of a hydrophobic stationary phase is essentially the reverse of normal phase chromatography, since the polarity of the mobile and stationary phases have been inverted - hence the term reversed-phase chromatography. (wikipedia.org)
- For this reason, normal phase chromatography is more commonly used for separation of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
- This is especially important for reversed-phase separations which are often carried out at lower flow rates and with longer retention times than in normal-phase chromatography. (chromatographyonline.com)
- For reversed phase and normal phase chromatography the quality of the sorbent is of tremendous importance. (merckmillipore.com)
- Different chromatographic separations were developed for lipidomics tasks including reversed-phase chromatography (RP), normal phase chromatography (NP), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), strong anion exchange chromatography (SAX) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). (rsc.org)
- Aqueous normal-phase chromatography (ANP) is a chromatographic technique that involves the mobile phase region between reversed-phase chromatography (RP) and organic normal-phase chromatography (ONP). (wikipedia.org)
- Typical stationary phases for normal-phase chromatography are silica or organic moieties with cyano and amino functional groups. (wikipedia.org)
- In normal-phase chromatography, the least polar compounds elute first and the most polar compounds elute last. (wikipedia.org)
- Normal phase chromatography, an adsorptive mechanism, is used for the analysis of solutes readily soluble in organic solvents, based on their polar differences such as amines, acids, metal complexes, etc. (wikipedia.org)
Mass Spectrometry9
- A validated method that is based on the use of volatile ion-pair liquid chromatography coupled to stable isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry has been developed for the simple and accurate quantitation of underivatized amino acids in biological samples. (nih.gov)
- The determination of lipoxin A(4) has been accomplished by chromatographic separation using a C18 reversed phase column and tandem mass spectrometry detection. (fraunhofer.de)
- Corrigendum to "Development of a lipid profiling system using reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry with rapid polarity switching and an automated lipid identification software" [J. Chromatogr. (elsevier.com)
- The coupling of mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance to chromatography has broadened the possibilities for determining organic reaction mechanisms. (rsc.org)
- Although individual facilities and research groups may have their own equipment, the Department also maintains a core facility of more than 20 scientific instruments in the areas of Atomic Spectroscopy, Molecular Spectroscopy, Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, Electrochemistry, and Materials Characterization. (wcu.edu)
- A comprehensive structural characterization of the complex family of isomeric forms related to Oleuropein aglycone (OA) detected in virgin olive oil (VOO) was performed by reverse phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and Fourier-transform mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-FTMS), integrated by enzymatic/chemical reactions performed on Oleuropein, the natural precursor of OA. (usda.gov)
- consists of essential oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which varies with species, climate, and growing environment. (hindawi.com)
- More specifically, the invention describes the concept of using perfluorocarbon emulsions for examining the ADME/PK (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and pharmacokinetics) properties of chemical mixtures in animals and a method for preparing the emulsions for direct analysis by techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis. (google.com.au)
- Exposure to pyrethrins and pyrethroids is most commonly evaluated by the analysis of urine and blood using gas chromatography (GC) combined with electron capture detection (ECD), flame ionization detection (FID), or mass spectrometry (MS) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detector. (cdc.gov)
Preparative4
- Preparative reversed-phase HPLC under optimal conditions enabled isolation of pure samples of the methylated antimycin subcomponents for use in structural studies. (usgs.gov)
- It can also be used for isolation and purification of high value compounds, called preparative chromatography. (diva-portal.org)
- on a preparative scale by HPLC on RP-18 phases with water as the eluent. (epfl.ch)
- Preparative column chomatography (advanced normal phase and reversed phase chromatography) plays an important role in purifying valuable compounds in research, pilot plant operation and production. (merckmillipore.com)
Separations7
- To meet the growing need for fast reversed-phase enantiomer separations, two new 3-μm reversed-phase columns, CHIRALCEL® OD® -3R and CHIRALPAK® AD® -3R, have been introduced. (chromatographyonline.com)
- EAA as a modifier allowed for faster separations of water-soluble vitamins on a reversed phase column designed for totally 100% aqueous mobile phases. (springer.com)
- Isabelle François UGent , Alberto Dos Santos Pereira UGent and Patrick Sandra UGent ( 2009 ) High Performance Liquid Phase Separations and Related Techniques, 34th International symposium, Abstracts . (ugent.be)
- For more than 20 years, chromatographers have benefited from performance characteristics that Waters reversed-phase columns have provided for protein separations. (waters.com)
- Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is a widely used technique for analytical separations but routinely requires empirical optimization. (byu.edu)
- Polymer-based reversed-phase Thermo Scientific™ IonPac™ and OmniPac™ HPLC columns are resistant to solvents, acids and bases while permitting the use of eluents from pH 0 to 14, and are used for high-efficiency ion chromatography (IC) separations of hydrophobic, ionizable compounds such as surfactants and larger organic acids. (thermofisher.com)
- This toolkit of alternative Flash media provides faster, cleaner separations by eliminating common problems encountered in normal-phase purification of basic compounds. (selectscience.net)
Hydrophilic7
- Since the stationary phase is hydrophilic in this technique, molecules with hydrophilic properties contained within the mobile phase will have a high affinity for the stationary phase, and therefore will adsorb to the column packing. (wikipedia.org)
- Elution of the hydrophilic molecules adsorbed to the column packing requires the use of more hydrophilic or more polar solvents in the mobile phase to shift the distribution of the particles in the stationary phase towards that of the mobile phase. (wikipedia.org)
- As a result, hydrophobic molecules in the polar mobile phase tend to adsorb to the hydrophobic stationary phase, and hydrophilic molecules in the mobile phase will pass through the column and are eluted first. (wikipedia.org)
- In this work, we present a novel on-line chromatographic method coupling hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) dedicated to class-specific separation of polar lipid to reversed-phase chromatography (RP) for non-polar lipid analysis. (rsc.org)
- 13,19,22,26-29 HILIC chromatography on the other hand avoids isobaric overlaps between different classes as it enables lipid class-separation by hydrophilic interaction. (rsc.org)
- The most common approaches are reversed-phase chromatography with ion-pairing reagent and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC). (helixchrom.com)
- This property distinguishes it from a pure HILIC (hydrophilic interaction chromatography) columns where separation by polar differences is obtained through partitioning into a water-rich layer on the surface, or a pure RP stationary phase on which separation by nonpolar differences in solutes is obtained with very limited secondary mechanisms operating. (wikipedia.org)
Compounds26
- Reversed-phase chromatography is a technique using alkyl chains covalently bonded to the stationary phase particles in order to create a hydrophobic stationary phase, which has a stronger affinity for hydrophobic or less polar compounds. (wikipedia.org)
- Quantitative structure-retention relationships (QSRRs) have successfully been developed for naturally occurring phenolic compounds in a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) system. (mdpi.com)
- Reversed-phase gradient HPLC separation of the dansylated or methylated antibiotic compounds produced superior chromatographic characteristics and the presence of added electrolytes was not a critical factor for achieving separation. (usgs.gov)
- The HPLC include a pump that delivers the mobile phase and sample through the system, an auto sampler or injector port for sample introduction, the stationary phase where separation of compounds takes place, a detector to detect the compounds and a good integrator or a computer system for the visible output. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- In a normal phase application, the non-polar compounds will be eluted faster compared to polar compounds. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- Inside a reverse phase HPLC, the non-polar compounds are retained in the line longer than the polar compounds. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- It can be used for identification and quantification of interesting compounds generally present in low concentrations, called analytical scale chromatography. (diva-portal.org)
- Fast chromatography of chiral compounds is receiving increased attention due to the demand to reduce costs and development time. (chromatographyonline.com)
- Reverse-phase chromatography of polar biological substances: separation of catechol compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography. (aaccjnls.org)
- In Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography the most polar compounds elute first with the most non-polar compounds eluting last . (chromatographyshop.com)
- Our polymer based reverse phase chromatography packings have been widely used in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, isolation and purification of organic compounds, proteins, polypeptides, nucleic acids, natural products and synthetic pharmaceuticals. (chromspheres.com)
- The isocratic separation of a standard mixture of the compounds was achieved in 5 min on a Spherisorb 5 C18 reversed-phase column, with a mobile phase of NaH2PO4 (300 mmol dm-3, pH 3.0)-methanol-acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran (97.8 + 0.5 + 1.5 + 0.2). (duke.edu)
- Reversed ion pair HPLC had been well used in the determination of organic acid, heterpolyacid, inorganic compounds and specific analysis [9-12] . (chemistrymag.org)
- In mobile phase, ion pair reagent should have weak absorption at 220nm and have enough eletrostatic attraction with the ion compounds. (chemistrymag.org)
- Amino acids are very polar compounds with limited or no retention in reversed-phase chromatography. (helixchrom.com)
- Its main application areas include polar, ionizable and highly lipophilic compounds which cannot easily be separated by normal-phase techniques. (biotage.com)
- Reversed-phase purification is a modification of normalphase chromatography that provides an efficient mechanism for the separation of polar compounds. (biotage.com)
- Reversed-phase chromatography facilitates the isolation of milligram to multi-gram quantities of polar compounds from naturally occurring materials or from synthetic reaction products. (biotage.com)
- A method for analyzing the ADME/PK properties of a mixture of compounds is (1) perfusing an animal or organ with a perfluorocarbon emulsion blood substitute, (2) administering the mixture of test compounds, (3) withdrawing an aliquot of the perfusate, (4) disrupting the emulsion, and (5) analyzing the aqueous phase of the perfusate for the concentration of test compounds. (google.com.au)
- In the view of chromatography these compounds are very polar and similar in properties. (helixchrom.com)
- It is impossible to retain and obtain base-line separation for this compounds on traditional reversed-phase core-shell column. (helixchrom.com)
- Compounds are retained by weak reverse phase and weak ion-exchange mechanisms, but synergy of two mechanism provides efficient separation with excellent peak shape, symmetry and efficiency. (helixchrom.com)
- If there are too many co-extracted compounds, separation by liquid-liquid partition or column chromatography is performed. (cdc.gov)
- ANP retention has been demonstrated for a variety of polar compounds on the hydride based stationary phases. (wikipedia.org)
- 4] An interesting feature of these phases is that both polar and nonpolar compounds can be retained over some range of mobile phase composition (organic/aqueous). (wikipedia.org)
- Another important feature of the hydride-based phases is that for many analyses it is usually not necessary to use a high pH mobile phase to analyze polar compounds such as bases. (wikipedia.org)
Isocratic10
- Conditions for the isocratic separation by reversed-phase ion-interaction chromatography of Bi(III), Fe(III), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) chelates with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid have been studied using UV-Vis detection. (springer.com)
- A Phenomenex Gemini C-18, 5 µm column having 250×4.6 mm i.d. in isocratic mode, with mobile phase containing methanol: acetonitrile: 50 mM potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (80:10:10 v/v) was used. (ijpsonline.com)
- A reliable, rapid and sensitive isocratic reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for assay of ketorolac tromethamine in tablets and ophthalmic dosage forms using diclofenac sodium as an internal standard. (ijpsonline.com)
- Chromatographic analysis was performed on Oyster BDS (150×4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) column using mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/ min in isocratic mode. (ijpsonline.com)
- A simple, rapid, accurate and economical isocratic Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RPHPLC) method was developed, validated and used for the evaluation of content of different brands of paracetamol tablets. (ajol.info)
- Determination of creatine phosphate levels in brain tissue by isocratic reverse-phase, ion-paired high-performance liquid chromatography. (semanticscholar.org)
- The utilization of isocratic, reverse-phase, ion-paired high-performance liquid chromatography for analysis of creatine phosphate allows for rapid quantification of multiple samples. (semanticscholar.org)
- The chromatographic separation was achieved using a C18 column maintained at 25 ºC and an isocratic mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile 8020 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min-1 and UV- detection at 265 nm. (bvsalud.org)
- A novel method was developed for the determination of fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CPL) and ofloxacin (OFX) by isocratic reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with UV detection. (ijpsr.com)
- The analyte is separated from coextracted materials by isocratic ion-pair reverse-phase liquid chromatography, following removal of late-eluting materials on an acid alumina cleanup column, and is detected at 270 nm. (biomedsearch.com)
Columns12
- Note that C18, C8 and phenyl are dedicated reversed-phase resins, while cyano columns can be used in a reversed-phase mode depending on analyte and mobile phase conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- Gradient elution of polystyrene standards on reversed phase C18 columns by methanol/tetrahydrofuran or methanol/dichloromethane mixtures yielded a strange effect of the molecular weight of the sample on the specific peak are (mAUs per μg sample injected). (springer.com)
- This application note presents a method of extracting barbiturates from urine and plasma samples by using Tox-Elut solid phase extraction columns and identification through UV/Vis absorbance spectrum comparisons with a reference library. (selectscience.net)
- Commonly used packaging material in reverse phase columns are silica linked with carbon-18 (C18). (fibrefestinternational.com)
- Elution behavior of short dsDNA strands in silicon micropillar array columns in ion pair reversed-phase chromatography mode. (biomedsearch.com)
- These derivatives are analyzed with good selectivity by high-performance liquid chromatography employing 3-microns particle size reversed-phase columns. (nih.gov)
- A test mixture of salicylate, nitrofurantoin, and acetophenone was separated in this order on C1, C4, and C18 columns using an EAA modified aqueous mobile phase. (springer.com)
- Mobile phase components and the trap columns were pointed out as the source of the interferences, but no strategy was developed to deal with the problem. (uio.no)
- Reversed-phase chromatography of proteins, performed on columns packed with porous or coated, solid-core particles possessing wide pore size particles ( e.g., 300Å), and functionalized with short ligand length chemistries (e.g. (waters.com)
- These 450Å, 2.7 µm columns were developed in response to shortcomings of existing reversed-phase columns designed for LC or LC-MS analysis of intact mAb or mAb subunits. (waters.com)
- The solvation parameter model is used to characterize the retention properties of 25 siloxane-bonded type-B silica columns under typical reversed-phase liquid chromatography conditions with binary aqueous mobile phases containing 10-70% (v/v) methanol and acetonitrile. (usda.gov)
- RediSep Rf Gold Cyano high performance columns have a cyano bound silica gel that has an intermediate polarity, between that of normal and reversed phase silica gel. (selectscience.net)
RPLC4
- Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) can give rise to high column pressures due to mobile phase viscosity in addition to use of high pH conditions for certain solutes. (chromatographyonline.com)
- Vibrationally resonant sum frequency generation (VR-SFG) is a surface specific technique that has allowed for in situ examination of model RPLC stationary phases under various solvent and pressure conditions. (byu.edu)
- In order to improve on past work with model RPLC stationary phases two challenges had to be overcome. (byu.edu)
- This interference of resonant and nonresonant signals on fused silica surfaces has not been previously examined and further studies of the model RPLC stationary phase must properly deal with the non-negligible nonresonant interference that is present. (byu.edu)
Retention13
- While the overall retention mechanism remains the same, subtle differences in the surface chemistries of different stationary phases will lead to changes in selectivity. (wikipedia.org)
- Five proteins have been used as models to study changes in retention time and recovery using a 150 x 0.3 mm PLRP-S column and a water/Acn mobile phase gradient. (uio.no)
- Kharitonova, O. 2008-05-09 00:00:00 The linear dependence of the retention factor of indole, imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole derivatives on the acetonitrile content of the mobile phase was studied. (deepdyve.com)
- The relationship between the retention of ethanol on the brush phase with water/methanol mixtures, as shown in figure 35, can now be explained. (chromatography-online.org)
- The liberation of the chains from the surface results in an increase in the effective surface area of the stationary phase and the retention of the solute also starts to increase. (chromatography-online.org)
- The retention mechanism on brush type phases under these conditions might be anomalous. (chromatography-online.org)
- Unlike ion-exchange or ion-pair chromatography, mixtures of both acidic and basic substances can be separated in a single chromatographic run, because the retention is governed by hydrophobic interactions between the nonpolar moiety of the solute molecules and the octadecyl-silica stationary phase. (aaccjnls.org)
- Retention increases as the amount of the polar solvent (water) in the mobile phase increases. (chromatographyshop.com)
- The aim of presented study was to investigate influence of different organic solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, dioxin and tetrahydrofurane) on β-blockers' retention on C18 bonded silica gel stationary phase. (bocsci.com)
- Abstract Based on the reversed phase ion-pair chromatography, the retention behaviour of thiourea, polysulfide, ammonium sulfide and ammonium thiocyanate were discussed under different conditions such as ion pair reagent and its concentration, ion intensity and organic reagent. (chemistrymag.org)
- It was testified that the concentration of ion pair reagent, pH and the volume ratio of tetramethylene-oxide in mobile phase played important roles in the retention behavior of ammonium sulfide and ammonium thiocyanate. (chemistrymag.org)
- Thus, polar solutes (such as acids and amines) are most strongly retained, with retention decreasing as the amount of water in the mobile phase increases. (wikipedia.org)
- Typically the amount of the nonpolar component in the mobile phase must be 60% or greater with the exact point of increased retention depending on the solute and the organic component of the mobile phase. (wikipedia.org)
Rapid Reversed-Phase HPLC Method1
- In this article, we propose a rapid reversed-phase HPLC method to assay TBHQ content in food products. (ubaya.ac.id)
Supercritical fluid chromato1
- François I, Dos Santos Pereira A, Sandra P. Comprehensive and off-line supercritical fluid chromatography: reversed phase liquid chromatography for the analysis of complex triglyceride profiles. (ugent.be)
Stationary phase14
- Reversed-phase chromatography (also called RPC, reverse-phase chromatography, or hydrophobic chromatography) includes any chromatographic method that uses a hydrophobic stationary phase. (wikipedia.org)
- In the 1970s, most liquid chromatography was performed using a solid support stationary phase (also called a column) containing unmodified silica or alumina resins. (wikipedia.org)
- The more hydrophobic the molecule, the more strongly it will bind to the stationary phase, and the higher the concentration of organic solvent that will be required to elute the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
- Normal phase HPLC means the stationary phase is made from polar packing material while the cellular phase is of non-polar or low polarity solvents. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- Commonly used polar stationary phase or column is filled with silica. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- The rule is opposite of normal phase system, where the stationary phase is packed non-polar material and the mobile phase is polar. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- In pure water the hydrocarbon chains of the brush phase are collapsed on the surface and thus, the effective surface area of the stationary phase is much reduced. (chromatography-online.org)
- Consequently, there will be less ion exchange material on the stationary phase surface. (chromatography-online.org)
- Silica based Octadecyl (C18) material is the most common stationary phase. (chromatographyshop.com)
- The column contains a non-polar stationary phase that interacts with the compound of interest as it is pumped through the column. (avomeen.com)
- First, improved vibrational mode assignments of the C18 stationary phase were needed for proper understanding of this model system. (byu.edu)
- octadecyl (C18) is the most common stationary phase, but octyl (C8) and butyl (C4) are also used in some applications. (wikipedia.org)
- thus, the mobile phase is both "aqueous" (water is present) and "normal" (less polar than the stationary phase). (wikipedia.org)
- A true ANP stationary phase will be able to function in both the reversed phase and normal phase modes with only the amount of water in the eluent varying. (wikipedia.org)
Peptides2
- The potential to separate proteins, rather than peptides, by liquid chromatography using two dimensions would potentially provide the same advantages as 2DE. (mcponline.org)
- The mass spectrometer is coupled to a reverse-phase LC unit, which reduces sample complexity and increases concentration of the peptides during MS acquisition. (mcponline.org)
Adsorption3
- Subsequent increase in methanol concentration merely increases the interactions of the ethanol with the mobile phase and, by adsorption of the solvent onto the surface of the reverse phase, reduces the interactive forces with the reverse phase. (chromatography-online.org)
- From the adsorption isotherm it is seen that the sulphonate must be present in the mobile phase at about 10 to 15 %w/w in order to cover most of the reverse phase surface. (chromatography-online.org)
- 3] In addition the substantial negative charge on the surface of hydride phases is the result of hydroxide ion adsorption from the solvent rather than silanols. (wikipedia.org)
Column16
- Hydrophobic molecules can be eluted from the column by decreasing the polarity of the mobile phase using an organic (non-polar) solvent, which reduces hydrophobic interactions. (wikipedia.org)
- Mixtures of water or aqueous buffers and organic solvents are used to elute analytes from a reversed-phase column. (wikipedia.org)
- Sufficient separation of 22 underivatized amino acids was achieved on a C18 column in 36 min using perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHA) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as mobile phase modifiers. (nih.gov)
- Remember that cyano can be used in both normal plus reverse phases and some column producers produce two types of cyano line to suit each phase. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- The effect of column temperature on separation of proteins in reversed phases capillary LC has been investigated in the range of 25ºC-125ºC. (uio.no)
- A mobile phase gradient that almost separated a mixture of ten proteins at 30ºC was carried out under different temperature conditions, flow rates, and with or without a preheater to heat the mobile phase prior to the column to investigate if the separation could be improved. (uio.no)
- The column used is a perfusion packed column in reversed phase mode. (innoget.com)
- Our polymer chromatography column packing material is made of highly crosslinked monodisperse polymer resins including highly crosslinked polystyrene divinylbenzen, polymethyl methacrylate, copolymers of PS/DVB and PMMA. (chromspheres.com)
- The system is optimized for reverse phase chromatography, which allows the analyst to utilize a highly polar mobile phase solution that carries the compound of interest through the chromatography column. (avomeen.com)
- Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been used to purify a crude extract of bovine parathyroid glands, in a single run on an analytical column, to give a high yield of homogeneous material with full bioactivity in in vivo bioassay. (monash.edu)
- Yasumoto, K. Tadera, K., Tsuji, H. and Mitsuda, H. Semi-auto-mated system for analysis of vitamin B6 complex by ionexchange column chromatography. (koreascience.or.kr)
- It should be noted that HPLC method development is a complicated process where many operational parameters, including column selectivity parameters, column kinetic properties, mobile phase compositions, column temperature, ion pair types and concentration, gradient profile, and their interactions need to be considered. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
- A 25 microlitre of sample and standards were injected, and chromatographic separation was achieved by Merck C18 reverse phase column particle size 5 micro, 250 mm x 4 mm. (who.int)
- Investigated validation parameters included selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness (changes in column temperature , mobile phase composition and flow). (bvsalud.org)
- The best analytical results were obtained by using a C 18 column with a mobile phase comprising a 20:79:1 (% v/v) mixture of methanol-water-tetramethylene-oxide, pH 6.64, containing 3.0 mmolL -1 ammonium tetrabutyl bromide and 6 mmolL -1 KHPO-KHPO buffer. (chemistrymag.org)
- A reversed-phase column with UV detection at 224 nm was used for chromatographic separation. (elsevier.com)
Interaction1
- The drug distribution profiles of ADCs are routinely characterized by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). (abbviecontractmfg.com)
Chromatographic method2
- A simple, specific, accurate, and precise reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the estimation of risperidone in tablet dosage forms. (ijpsonline.com)
- A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method with amperometric detection is described for the separation and quantification of uric acid, guanine, hypoxanthine and xanthine. (duke.edu)
Mixtures5
- It would also appear that for certain solutes, the best reverse phase for operation with aqueous mixtures containing very little solvent might be a bulk reverse phase. (chromatography-online.org)
- Binary mixtures of methanol and water, tetrahydrofuran and water, and acetone and water were used as mobile phases. (ac.rs)
- R-M(0) values were determined for these mobile phase mixtures by linear extrapolation to 0% (v/v) organic modifier. (ac.rs)
- Binary mixtures of methanol-water, acetonitrile-water, and tetrahydrofuran-water were used as mobile phases. (ac.rs)
- Normal-phase flash chromatography1 has been widely adopted as the method of choice for separation of product mixtures and reaction by-products. (biotage.com)
Planar chromatography1
- Chromatographic properties of sixteen β-blockers were studied using planar chromatography. (bocsci.com)
HILIC1
- Recent investigations have demonstrated that silica hydride materials have a very thin water layer (about 0.5 monolayer) in comparison to HILIC phases that can have from 6-8 monolayers. (wikipedia.org)
Solvents5
- Examples of solvents used to make up a normal phase mobile phase are hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl ether, plus isopropyl alcohol (IPA). (fibrefestinternational.com)
- Most of the solvents used in the mobile phase are usually water immiscible and have low polarity. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- IPA can be used in both reverse plus normal phase as it is miscible along with water as well as water immiscible solvents. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- We have synthesized the low melting hygroscopic ionic liquid ethylammonium acetate (EAA) and characterized a concentrated solution of EAA as a reversed phase mobile phase replacement for organic solvents like methanol. (springer.com)
- As already discussed, mobile phase components can act like solvents or solutes. (chromatography-online.org)
Determination9
- Determination de la teneur en furosine. (bsigroup.com)
- The authors recommend the use of chiral chromatography in the determination of pro-resolving lipid mediators, together with transition area ratio and fragmentation spectra to improve selectivity for identification and quantitation purposes. (fraunhofer.de)
- Simultaneous determination of guanine, uric acid, hypoxanthine and xanthine in human plasma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. (duke.edu)
- Ang, C.Y. and Mosley, F.A. Determination of thiamin and ribofla- vin in meat products by high-pressure liquid chromatography. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Hoppner, K. and Lampi, B. The determination of folic acid (pteroylmonoglutamic acid) in fortified products by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography. (koreascience.or.kr)
- C. Barrachina, and P. Cuadra-Crespo, "Determination of stoichiometric coefficients and apparent formation constants for β -cyclodextrin complexes of trans -resveratrol using reversed-phase liquid chromatography," Journal of Chromatography A , vol. 1135, no. 2, pp. 158-165, 2006. (hindawi.com)
- In this paper, the reversed phase ion pair chromatography method was developed and used for the simultaneous and direct determination of the four components. (chemistrymag.org)
- Liaw, J & Chang, TW 2001, ' Determination of transdermal sildenafil in nude mouse skin by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography ', Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications , vol. 765, no. 2, pp. 161-166. (elsevier.com)
- Ion-pair reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of amprolium in complete feeds and premixes. (biomedsearch.com)
Lipids1
- 19-25 Indeed, RP chromatography separates lipids based on hydrophobic properties such as fatty acid chain length, degree of saturation and double bond position. (rsc.org)
Isolation1
- A simple and rapid method for the isolation of synthetic pyrethroids using a solid phase extraction method is described by Junting and Chichang (1991). (cdc.gov)
High17
- High end Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is used being an analytical instrument to separate certain substances in a sample. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- However , large amount of IPA in a cellular phase will cause high pressure in the HPLC system due to its high density value. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- Despite the relatively high viscosity of EAA, plate count values averaged only about 15% less for EAA as compared to methanol using the same mobile phase composition and could be raised by either working at a temperature above ambient or reducing the flow rate. (springer.com)
- Procedure for characterization and quantification of soybean proteins by Perfusion reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. (innoget.com)
- A research group from the Analytical Chemistry Department of Alcalá University has developed an analytical method of Perfusion reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to characterize and quantify soybean proteins in commercial products in short analysis times. (innoget.com)
- The method for determining the soy proteins in commercial products by Perfusion high-performance liquid chromatography is carried out in a high pressure liquid chromatograph that allows to work in gradient and it has coupled an absorption ultraviolet visible detector (UV-vis) of variable wavelength. (innoget.com)
- Traditional C18 (ODS) phases are hydrophobic and have a high polarity due to the lower purity silicas on which they are based. (chromatographyshop.com)
- This novel technique employs a mobile phase 50 mM ammonium acetate for high sensitivity in MS and elution with a gradient of water/isopropanol. (abbviecontractmfg.com)
- The recoveries of standard water soluble vitamins by the bromelain and protease hydrolysis and $C_{18}$ Sep-Pak solid phase extraction were significantly high compared to AOAC methods in most of vitamins. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Williams, R.C., Baker, D.R. and Schmit, J.A. Analysis of water soluble vitamins by high speed ion exchange chromatography. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Wong, F.F. Analysis of vitamin B6 in extractives of food materi-als by high-performance liquid chromatography. (koreascience.or.kr)
- Although numerous papers have been published on reversed phase HPLC method development and optimization by DOE strategies [5,8-10], method development strategies that fully rely on DOE need to search the entire high dimensional design space, which usually requires large amount of experimental trials, especially for complex samples. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
- In this study, cortisol was quantified using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in urine samples previously extracted with ether and using triamcinolone acetonide as internal standard (IS). (unifesp.br)
- S. Das and K.-Y. Ng, "Quantification of trans -resveratrol in rat plasma by a simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method and its application in pre-clinical study," Journal of Liquid Chromatography and Related Technologies , vol. 34, no. 14, pp. 1399-1414, 2011. (hindawi.com)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous estimation of melatonin, carbamazepine epoxide and carbamazepine simultaneously in serum. (who.int)
- Sutanto_Rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid_IOP Conf. (ubaya.ac.id)
- Linear relationships between the volume fraction of the organic mobile phase modifier and the RM values were established for each solute with high correlation coefficient values (r0.99). (ac.rs)
Proteins4
- However, the denaturation of proteins may actually be beneficial in the later analysis of the samples obtained from the chromatography. (wikipedia.org)
- A relative newcomer to the proteomic separation arena is the commercial instrument PF2D from Beckman Coulter that separates proteins in the first dimension using chromatofocusing followed in line by reversed phase chromatography in the second dimension, thereby separating intact proteins based on pI and hydrophobicity. (mcponline.org)
- The PF2D system (Beckman Coulter) is a two-dimensional LC system that uses chromatographic focusing to separate intact proteins in the first dimension by pI (from 8.5-4.0) and in the second dimension by reversed phase chromatography, which separates based on hydrophobicity, thus enhancing the precise detection of isoforms and/or PTMs that alter the pI and/or hydrophobicity of a protein. (mcponline.org)
- Additionally, separation of two and three proteins using temperature gradient as an alternative to mobile phase gradient has been investigated. (uio.no)
Analysis6
- This supports the premise that lower hydrophobicity of the bonded phase is the key to enabling online nRPLC-MS analysis of antibody−drug conjugates. (abbviecontractmfg.com)
- Owing to a need for simple extraction and purification for analysis of water soluble vitamins in food samples by RP-HPLC with UV-detector, the methods of bromelain and protease hydrolysis and $C_{18}$ Sep-Pak solid phase extraction were employed. (koreascience.or.kr)
- RP chromatography has emerged as state of the art method for LC-MS based lipidomics analysis as it allows polar and non-polar lipid analysis in one run, however isobaric overlaps from different lipid classes can occur complicating lipid identification. (rsc.org)
- The authors put an emphasis on the computational methods for the different phases of a proteomics analysis, but the underlying principles in protein chemistry and instrument technology are also described. (wiley.com)
- To this effect, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, yielding the results helpful in interpretation of interactions among investigated substances, binary mobile phases, and the two different stationary phases. (ac.rs)
- The aqueous component of the mobile phase usually contains from 0.1 to 0.5% formic or acetic acid, which is compatible with detector techniques that include mass spectral analysis. (wikipedia.org)
Purification4
- Reversed-phase flash chromatography is a very effective purification technique. (biotage.com)
- Biotage reversed phase KP-C18-HS SNAP cartridges have been shown in a number of applications to be effective for the purification of natural products. (biotage.com)
- Normal-phase flash purification is commonly used by organic chemists in pharmaceutical drug discovery and process development labs. (biotage.com)
- Reversed-phase flash purification is an excellent solution for these applications. (biotage.com)
Selectivity2
- Selectivity is one of the most important factors in chromatography. (merckmillipore.com)
- Changing the chemistry of the bonded phase (e.g. from C18 to cyano or phenyl) is a more powerful tool in altering the selectivity. (chromatographyshop.com)
Effective and reproducible2
- If silica gel for advanced normal-phase and reversed phase chromatography is required, we recommend using the irregular shaped LiChroprep® or the perfect spherical PharmPrep™ - highly versatile materials providing fast, effective and reproducible separation. (merckmillipore.com)
- When coupled with the use of more effective and reproducible bonding processes, a new generation of reversed-phase materials was produced. (chromatographyshop.com)
Analytical1
- 9030-09-5 (Cyclodextrin-glycosyltransferase) Role: ANST (Analytical study) (for dextrin functionalization for reversed-phase HPLC sepn. (epfl.ch)
Generation of reversed-phase1
- EPRUI Biotech Co. Ltd. offers a new generation of reversed phase polymer HPLC packing material. (chromspheres.com)
Journal4
- Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications , Vol. 223, No. 1, 10.04.1981, p. 59-67. (monash.edu)
- Journal of Chromatography A , Vol. 1326, 24.01.2014. (elsevier.com)
- Journal of Chromatography A . 2014 Jan 24;1326. (elsevier.com)
- Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications , 765 (2), 161-166. (elsevier.com)
Cation1
- Underivatized amino acids can be retained by combination of reversed-phase and cation exchange mechanism. (helixchrom.com)
Organic solvent3
- Catecholamines and their metabolites have been separated isocratically by reverse-phase chromatography with aqueous (no organic solvent admixed) eluents. (aaccjnls.org)
- The mobile phase is generally a binary mixture of water and a miscible polar organic solvent. (chromatographyshop.com)
- should always be run with at least 1% organic solvent in the mobile phase. (thermofisher.com)
Polymer based1
- Waters offers PoraPak™ Rxn, a family of polymer-based chromatography products for superior cleanup of synthetic reactions. (selectscience.net)
Methanol-water1
- Of the numerous chromatographic systems examined, a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (70:30) and 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate at pH 3.0 yielded the most satisfactory results for the separation of the subcomponents. (usgs.gov)
Amino1
- Validated quantitation of underivatized amino acids in human blood samples by volatile ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to iso. (nih.gov)
Acetonitrile6
- The cellular phase for a reverse phase system usually consists of water or buffer solution, methanol, acetonitrile and IPA. (fibrefestinternational.com)
- The separation was carried out by using mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile, methanol and phosphate buffer pH4.5 in the ratio (15:35:50) v/v and adjusted pH±0.1 with phosphoric acid. (rjptonline.org)
- The Mobile Phase used was water: acetonitrile (70:30), pH 3.0 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid at the flow rate of 1 ml/min. (who.int)
- The mobile phase was consisted of Phosphate Buffer (15 mM): Methanol: Acetonitrile: TEA (66:24:10:1% v/v), pH was 6.5 (adjusted with 80% HCl), at a flow rate 1ml/min and sample injection volume was 20-µL. (ijpsr.com)
- The mobile phase consisted of 32% acetonitrile with 0.2% phosphoric acid in water at pH 5.3 adjusted with 10 M NaOH with the flow-rate set at 1.0 ml/min. (elsevier.com)
- The mobile phase contains 4mM DOSS with 0.3% diethylamine and 1% acetic acid in 40% acetonitrile. (biomedsearch.com)
Method2
- A robust companion in the field is liquid chromatography, the method used in this thesis, which is an established workhorse and a versatile tool in many different disciplines. (diva-portal.org)
- A framework for reversed-phase HPLC method development was developed by combining computer simulation, UPLC scouting experiments and surface response design. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)