Chromatography liquid. Medical search

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Salts that melt below 100 C. Their low VOLATILIZATION can be an advantage over volatile organic solvents.

Materials in intermediate state between solid and liquid.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A chromatography technique in which the stationary phase is composed of a non-polar substance with a polar mobile phase, in contrast to normal-phase chromatography in which the stationary phase is a polar substance with a non-polar mobile phase.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

A hybrid separation technique combining both chromatographic and electrophoretic separation principles. While the method was invented to separate neutral species, it can also be applied to charged molecules such as small peptides.

A method of separation of two or more substances by repeated distribution between two immiscible liquid phases that move past each other in opposite directions. It is a form of liquid-liquid chromatography. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

An extraction method that separates analytes using a solid phase and a liquid phase. It is used for preparative sample cleanup before analysis by CHROMATOGRAPHY and other analytical methods.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Artificial respiration (RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL) using an oxygenated fluid.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.

The development and use of techniques and equipment to study or perform chemical reactions, with small quantities of materials, frequently less than a milligram or a milliliter.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions with anions.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A CHROMATOGRAPHY method using supercritical fluid, usually carbon dioxide under very high pressure (around 73 atmospheres or 1070 psi at room temperature) as the mobile phase. Other solvents are sometimes added as modifiers. This is used both for analytical (SFC) and extraction (SFE) purposes.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic moiety such as an acylglycerol (see GLYCERIDES), a sphingoid, a ceramide (CERAMIDES) (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. (From IUPAC's webpage)

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

Oligosaccharides containing two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.

Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

A very strong halogenated derivative of acetic acid. It is used in acid catalyzed reactions, especially those where an ester is cleaved in peptide synthesis.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The presence of organisms, or any foreign material that makes a drug preparation impure.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula CnH2nOn. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.

The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

Pesticides or their breakdown products remaining in the environment following their normal use or accidental contamination.

The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Liquid components of living organisms.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Measurement and evaluation of the components of substances to be taken as FOOD.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The removal of a soluble component from a liquid mixture by contact with a second liquid, immiscible with the carrier liquid, in which the component is preferentially soluble. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.

The systematic identification and quantitation of all the metabolic products of a cell, tissue, organ, or organism under varying conditions. The METABOLOME of a cell or organism is a dynamic collection of metabolites which represent its net response to current conditions.

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.

A solventless sample preparation method, invented in 1989, that uses a fused silica fiber which is coated with a stationary phase. It is used for sample cleanup before using other analytical methods.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.

Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

Electrophoresis in which discontinuities in both the voltage and pH gradients are introduced by using buffers of different composition and pH in the different parts of the gel column. The term 'disc' was originally used as an abbreviation for 'discontinuous' referring to the buffers employed, and does not have anything to do with the shape of the separated zones.

An analytical method for detecting and measuring FLUORESCENCE in compounds or targets such as cells, proteins, or nucleotides, or targets previously labeled with FLUORESCENCE AGENTS.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

The gas-liquid chromatograph and the electron capture detection in equine drug testing. (1/6149)

Three gas-liquid chromatographic (G.L.C.) procedures discussed have been designed around the four "esses" of detection tests--speed, sensitivity, simplicity, and specificity. These techniques are admirably applicable to the very low plasma drug levels encountered in blood testing under pre-race conditions. The methods are equally applicable to post-race testing procedures, where both blood and urine samples are tested. Drugs can only rarely be detected by the electron capture detector (E.C.D.) without a prior derivatization step, which conveys to the drug(s) high electron affinity. Because of broad applicability, two derivatizing agents, heptafluorobutyric (HFBA) and pentafluorpropionic (PFPA) anhydrides are employed. The three techniques, allowing broad coverage of various drug classes are: 1) direct derivatization of drugs to form strongly electron capturing amides and esters. 2) reductive fragmentation of drugs with lithium aluminum hydride to form alcohols, with conversion to ester derivatives. 3) oxidative fragmentation of drugs with potassium dichromate to form derivatizable groups, followed by direct derivatization. (+info)

Research and identification of tranquillizers - use of retention index. (2/6149)

At the request of the Service des Haras, our laboratory works on the toxicological problems of the sport-horse. These studies have resulted in the setting up of an anti-doping control for equestrian competitions of various types, not only flat racing. During events, horses, must be calm and docile to the riders' order. Frequently, the latter use tranquillizers to try and win events. The analytical method for the research and identification of these compounds is described. The technique involves successively: 1. alkalinisation of the sample - saliva, blood or urine after enzymatic hydrolysis. 2. extraction with diethyl ether - the recovery is 70% to 90% depending upon the drug. 3. determination by gas-liquid chromatography with use of a retention index for qualitative analysis. We can detect up to fifteen tranquillizers in any one sample, even when present at such low concentrations as found in saliva. The use of the retention index is a reliable method for qualitative analysis. For example, the method has been used for three years, during which period the rentention index of acetylpromazine remained at 3240 +/- 7. The chromatographic analysis was performed on 3% OV-17 at 290 degrees. The chromatographic analysis has been performed by three columns of different polarity (OV-1; OV-17; SP-2250). If on the three columns, the retention index of one peak is the same as that of the tranquilizer, a further confirmation is made with the use of a thermionic detector specific for nitrogenous drugs. In conclusion, this method which is sufficiently precise and specific has been used for anti-doping control. (+info)

An improved method for the structural profiling of keratan sulfates: analysis of keratan sulfates from brain and ovarian tumors. (3/6149)

A previously developed method for the structural fingerprinting of keratan sulfates (Brown et al., Glycobiology, 5, 311-317, 1995) has been adapted for use with oligosaccharides fluorescently labeled with 2-aminobenzoic acid following keratanase II digestion. The oligosaccharides are separated by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography on a Dionex AS4A-SC column. This methodology permits quantitative analysis of labeled oligosaccharides which can be detected at the sub-nanogram ( approximately 100 fmol) level. Satisfactory calibration of this method can be achieved using commercial keratan sulfate standards. Keratan sulfates from porcine brain phosphocan and human ovarian tumors have been examined using this methodology, and their structural features are discussed. (+info)

Metabolism of the new liposomal anticancer drug N4-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in mice. (4/6149)

Metabolism and excretion of the new antitumor drug N4-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (NOAC) was investigated in mice. Mice were injected i.v. with tritium-labeled liposomal NOAC (4 micromol/mouse). Analysis of HPLC-purified extracts of liver homogenates by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed only the presence of unmetabolized drug. To study the excretion of the administered drug, mice were injected with tritium-labeled liposomal NOAC or as comparison with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C; 4 micromol/mouse) and housed up to 48 h in metabolic cages. Urine and feces were collected at different time points and the kinetics of excreted radioactivity were determined. After 48 h, 39% of the injected [5-3H]NOAC radioactivity was excreted in urine and 16% in feces, whereas ara-C radioactivity was only found in urine with 48% of the injected dose. Feces extracts and urine were purified by HPLC and radioactive fractions were further analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The radioactivity of feces extracts of NOAC-treated mice was composed of unmetabolized NOAC, hydroxylated NOAC (NOAC + OH), its sulfated derivative (NOAC + OSO3H), and unidentified metabolites, whereas in urine, the hydrophilic molecules ara-C and ara-U were found. During the period of 48 h only 2% of the injected NOAC was eliminated in its unmetabolized form, whereas 25% was identified as main metabolite ara-C. Urine collected during 48 h in ara-C-treated mice contained 33% of the injected dose as unmetabolized drug and 13% as the main metabolite ara-U. Thus, NOAC is metabolized by two major pathways, one leading to the hydrophilic metabolites ara-C and ara-U and the other to hydroxylated and sulfated NOAC. (+info)

Studies on cytochrome P-450-mediated bioactivation of diclofenac in rats and in human hepatocytes: identification of glutathione conjugated metabolites. (5/6149)

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac causes a rare but potentially fatal hepatotoxicity that may be associated with the formation of reactive metabolites. In this study, three glutathione (GSH) adducts, namely 5-hydroxy-4-(glutathion-S-yl)diclofenac (M1), 4'-hydroxy-3'-(glutathion-S-yl)diclofenac (M2), and 5-hydroxy-6-(glutathion-S-yl)diclofenac (M3), were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of bile from Sprague-Dawley rats injected i.p. with a single dose of diclofenac (200 mg/kg). These adducts presumably were formed via hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-catalyzed oxidation of diclofenac to reactive benzoquinone imines that were trapped by GSH conjugation. In support of this hypothesis, M1, M2, and M3 were generated from diclofenac in incubations with rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH and GSH. Increases in adduct formation were observed when incubations were performed with liver microsomes from phenobarbital- or dexamethasone-treated rats. Adduct formation was inhibited by polyclonal antibodies against CYP2B, CYP2C, and CYP3A (40-50% inhibition at 5 mg of IgG/nmol of CYP) but not by an antibody against CYP1A. Maximal inhibition was obtained when the three inhibitory antibodies were used in a cocktail fashion (70-80% inhibition at 2.5 mg of each IgG/nmol of CYP). These data suggest that diclofenac undergoes biotransformation to reactive metabolites in rats and that CYP isoforms of the 2B, 2C, and 3A subfamilies are involved in this bioactivation process. With respect to CYP2C isoforms, rat hepatic CYP2C7 and CYP2C11 were implicated as mediators of the bioactivation based on immunoinhibition studies using antibodies specific to CYP2C7 and CYP2C11. Screening for GSH adducts also was carried out in human hepatocyte cultures containing diclofenac, and M1, M2, and M3 again were detected. It is possible, therefore, that reactive benzoquinone imines may be formed in vivo in humans and contribute to diclofenac-mediated hepatic injury. (+info)

Ethyl glucuronide--a marker of alcohol consumption and a relapse marker with clinical and forensic implications. (6/6149)

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a non-volatile, water-soluble, direct metabolite of ethanol that can be detected in body fluids and hair. We investigated urine and serum samples from three patient groups: (1) 33 in-patients in acute alcohol withdrawal; (2) 30 detoxified in-patients (treated for at least 4 weeks) from a 'motivation station'; and (3) 43 neuro-rehabilitation patients (non-alcoholics; most of them suffering from stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease etc.) using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with deuterium-labelled EtG as the internal standard and additionally in the second group of patients using liquid chromatography (LC/MS-MS). We found no correlation between the concentration of EtG in urine at hospitalization and the blood-ethanol concentration (r = 0.17), the time frame of detection (r = 0.5) or the total amount of clomethiazole required for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms (r = 0.28). In four out of 30 in-patients from the 'motivation station'--where neither clinical impression nor routine laboratory findings gave indications of relapse--concentrations of EtG in urine ranged between 4.2 and 196.6 mg/l. EtG concentrations in urine of between 2.89 and 23.49 mg/l were found in seven out of 43 neuro-rehabilitation patients using GC/MS. The GC/MS and the LC/MS-MS results showed a correlation of 0.98 with Pearson's correlation test and 1.0 with Spearman's correlation test. We suggest that EtG is a marker of alcohol consumption that can be detected for an extended time period after the complete elimination of alcohol from the body. When used as a relapse marker with a specific time frame of detection intermediate between short- and long-term markers, EtG fills a clinically as well as forensically important gap. Its specificity and sensitivity exceed those of all other known ethanol markers. (+info)

Lignocellulose degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: purification and characterization of the main alpha-galactosidase. (7/6149)

The main alpha-galactosidase was purified to homogeneity, in 30% yield, from a solid culture of Phanerochaete chrysosporium on 1 part wheat bran/2 parts thermomechanical softwood pulp. It is a glycosylated tetramer of 50 kDa peptide chains, which gives the N-terminal sequence ADNGLAITPQMG(?W)NT(?W)NHFG(?W)DIS(?W)DTI. It is remarkably stable, with crude extracts losing no activity over 3 h at 80 degrees C, and the purified enzyme retaining its activity over several months at 4 degrees C. The kinetics of hydrolysis at 25 degrees C of various substrates by this retaining enzyme were measured, absolute parameters being obtained by active-site titration with 2',4',6'-trinitrophenyl 2-deoxy-2, 2-difluoro-alpha-D-galactopyranoside. The variation of kcat/Km for 1-naphthyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside with pH is bell-shaped, with pK1=1.91 and pK2=5.54. The alphaD(V/K) value for p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside is 1.031+/-0.007 at the optimal pH of 3.75 and 1.114+/-0.006 at pH7.00, indicating masking of the intrinsic effect at optimal pH. There is no alpha-2H effect on binding galactose [alphaD(Ki)=0.994+/-0.013]. The enzyme hydrolyses p-nitrophenyl beta-L-arabinopyranoside approximately 510 times slower than the galactoside, but has no detectable activity on the alpha-D-glucopyranoside or alpha-D-mannopyranoside. Hydrolysis of alpha-galactosides with poor leaving groups is Michaelian, but that of substrates with good leaving groups exhibits pronounced apparent substrate inhibition, with Kis values similar to Km values. We attribute this to the binding of the second substrate molecule to a beta-galactopyranosyl-enzyme intermediate, forming an E.betaGal. alphaGalX complex which turns over slowly, if at all. 1-Fluoro-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl fluoride, unlike alpha-D-galactopyranosyl fluoride, is a Michaelian substrate, indicating that the effect of 1-fluorine substitution is greater on the first than on the second step of the enzyme reaction. (+info)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a delivery system for photosensitizers: implications for photodynamic therapy of atherosclerosis. (8/6149)

Photodynamic therapy is a promising new strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Photodynamic therapy for vascular diseases may be improved by the specific delivery of photosensitizers to the atherosclerotic lesion. In this study, we studied whether oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) could be used as a specific carrier for photosensitizers, thereby using the scavenger receptor expressed on macrophages as a target. The photosensitizer aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPc) was incorporated into OxLDL, and its photodynamic effects were studied. Macrophages (RAW 264.7) were incubated with various concentrations of OxLDL-AlPc for different periods. After illumination of the cells with red light, cytotoxicity was observed that was dependent on the time of illumination and incubation. Macrophages incubated with OxLDL-AlPc that were not illuminated revealed no cytotoxicity. The uptake of the OxLDL-AlPc complexes was mediated by scavenger receptors expressed on macrophages. In the presence of the polyanion polyinosinic acid, a specific ligand for scavenger receptors, no cytotoxicity could be observed. Serum incubations of the OxLDL-AlPc complexes revealed that these complexes stay intact after incubation. No redistribution of AlPc to other plasma (lipo-) proteins could be detected, and 80-90% of the AlPc remained associated with the OxLDL particle. These results indicate that OxLDL may function as a specific delivery system for photosensitizers to the scavenger receptors expressed on the macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesion, increasing the beneficial effects of photodynamic therapy for cardiovascular diseases. (+info)

... (MLC) is a form of reversed phase liquid chromatography that uses an aqueous micellar solutions ... "Causes and remediation of reduced efficiency in micellar liquid chromatography". Journal of Chromatography A. 780 (1-2): 191- ... "Evaluation of distribution coefficients in micellar liquid chromatography". Journal of Chromatography A. 780 (1-2): 103-116. ... "Characterisation of retention in micellar high-performance liquid chromatography and in micellar electrokinetic chromatography ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micellar_liquid_chromatography

... (HPLC), formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography, is a technique in ... liquid chromatography because operational pressures are significantly higher (50-350 bar), while ordinary liquid chromatography ... Gas chromatography (GC) at the time was more powerful than liquid chromatography (LC), however, it was believed that gas phase ... The partition coefficient principle has been applied in paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas phase and liquid- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_liquid_chromatography

Liquid chromatography is a method of physical separation in which the components of a liquid mixture are distributed between ... partition chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, size-exclusion chromatography, and affinity chromatography. Among these ... "Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry interface-I: The direct introduction of liquid solutions into a chemical ionization ... Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_chromatography–mass_spectrometry

... (FPLC), is a form of liquid chromatography that is often used to analyze or purify mixtures ... "Usefulness of fast protein liquid chromatography as an alternative to high performance liquid chromatography of 99mTc-labelled ... was originally called fast performance liquid chromatography to contrast it with HPLC or high-performance liquid chromatography ... "CHROMATOGRAPHY , High-performance Liquid Chromatography", in Caballero B, Polo MC (eds.), Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_protein_liquid_chromatography

... (DHPLC) is a method of chromatography for the detection of base substitutions ... and the single DNA strands will therefore be disconnected by chromatography when subjected to a sufficiently high temperature. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denaturing_high_performance_liquid_chromatography

An effective sample preparation protocol, usually involving either liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid phase extraction ( ... "Quantitation of SR 27417 in Human Plasma Using Electrospray Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Study of Ion ... "Investigation of matrix effects in bioanalytical high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric assays: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_suppression_in_liquid_chromatography–mass_spectrometry

... is a technique for coupling liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based on the direct introduction of the liquid ... High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) are two analytical techniques ... A. Cappiello, G. Famiglini, F. Mangani, P. Palma A Simple Approach for Coupling Liquid Chromatography and Electron Ionization ... A. Cappiello, G. Famiglini, E. Pierini, P. Palma, H. Trufelli Advanced Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Interface Based ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_electron_ionization_liquid_chromatography–mass_spectrometry_interface

A chromatography detector is a device used in gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) to detect components of the ... In liquid chromatography: Charged aerosol detector (CAD) Evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) In gas chromatography: ... Liquid Chromatography Detectors. Elsevier. pp. 2-. ISBN 978-0-08-085836-4. Retrieved 2 September 2013. (Chromatography, ... In all types of chromatography: Mass spectrometer (MS) In liquid chromatography: UV detectors, fixed or variable wavelength, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography_detector

Modern Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography: Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel Filtration Chromatography (2nd ed.). Hoboken, N ... Liquid Chromatography" (PDF). Principles of instrumental analysis (6th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole. p. 816. ISBN ... Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as molecular sieve chromatography, is a chromatographic method in which ... the technique is known as gel-filtration chromatography, versus the name gel permeation chromatography, which is used when an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Size-exclusion_chromatography

He developed partition chromatography whilst working on the separation of amino acids, and later developed gas-liquid ... Martin, A J P; Synge, R L M (1941). "A new form of chromatogram employing two liquid phases A theory of chromatography. 2. ... Archer Martin's 1954 paper with A. T. James, "Gas-Liquid Chromatography: A Technique for the Analysis and Identification of ... JAMES, AT; MARTIN, AJ (1954). "Gas-liquid chromatography; a technique for the analysis and identification of volatile materials ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archer_Martin

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has the capability to analyze compounds that are polar and less volatile. ... Fanali, Salvatore (2017). Liquid Chromatography : Applications. Paul R. Haddad, Colin Poole, Marja-Liisa Riekkola (2nd ed.). ... Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a widely used analytical technique for the detection of volatile compounds. ... which can be useful for detecting undigested pills or liquids that were ingested prior to death. In highly decomposed bodies, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_toxicology

2013). Liquid Chromatography: Applications. Handbooks in Separation Science. Saint Louis: Elsevier. p. 3. ISBN 9780124158061. ... Lectin affinity chromatography is a form of affinity chromatography where lectins are used to separate components within the ... is an affinity chromatography technique for affinity screening in drug development. WAC is an affinity-based liquid ... By using affinity chromatography, one can separate proteins that bind to a certain fragment from proteins that do not bind that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_chromatography

Touchstone, Joseph C. (1993). "History of Chromatography". Journal of Liquid Chromatography. 16 (8): 1647-1665. doi:10.1080/ ... After unsuccessful experiments with complex countercurrent extraction machines and liquid-liquid chromatography methods where ... 362-366 Martin, A J P; Synge, R L M (1941). "A new form of chromatogram employing two liquid phases A theory of chromatography ... The work of Martin and Synge also set the stage for high performance liquid chromatography, suggesting that small sorbent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chromatography

Thermally related benefits of gas chromatography can now be applied to classes of compounds that are restricted to liquid ... size exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography separations as well as pseudo-solid ... Thermoresponsive polymers can be used as stationary phase in liquid chromatography. Here, the polarity of the stationary phase ... Common methods of separating angiotensin peptides had involved reverse-phased high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoresponsive_polymers_in_chromatography

... (CCC, also counter-current chromatography) is a form of liquid-liquid chromatography that uses a ... By contrast, in liquid-liquid chromatography, both the mobile and stationary phases are liquid. The contrast is, however, not ... Ito, Y.; Bowman, RL (1970). "Countercurrent Chromatography: Liquid-Liquid Partition Chromatography without Solid Support". ... Standard column chromatography consists of a solid stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase, while gas chromatography (GC) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercurrent_chromatography

Journal of Liquid Chromatography. 6 (9): 1577-590. doi:10.1080/01483918308064876. Duong-Ly, Krisna C.; Gabelli, Sandra B. (2014 ... Guide to Ion-Exchange Chromatography. Harvard Apparatus. p. 2. Guide to Ion-Exchange Chromatography. Harvard Apparatus. p. 3. ( ... Anion-exchange chromatography is a process that separates substances based on their charges using an ion-exchange resin ... Anion exchange chromatography is commonly used to purify proteins, amino acids, sugars/carbohydrates and other acidic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion-exchange_chromatography

Kostanyan, Artak E.; Voshkin, Andrei A.; Kodin, Nikolai V. (2011). "Controlled-cycle pulsed liquid-liquid chromatography. A ... HUMB (Convolulaceae) by droplet counter-current chromatography". Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies. 35 ( ... "Droplet Countercurrent Chromatography - New Applications in Natural Products Chemistry". Journal of Liquid Chromatography. 7 (2 ... DCCC is considered to be a form of liquid-liquid separation, which includes countercurrent distribution and countercurrent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droplet_countercurrent_chromatography

... demonstrated the advantages of APCI for coupling gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) to a mass spectrometer ... "Recent developments in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and related techniques". Journal of Chromatography A. 1259: 3-15 ... When used with liquid chromatography, particularly at higher flow rates, the nebulizer is often positioned orthogonal to (or at ... Niessen, Wilfried (2006). Liquid Chromatography Mass spectrometry. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. pp. 249 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric-pressure_chemical_ionization

During a sabbatical with Prof JC Giddings in Utah in 1964, Knox was introduced to column liquid chromatography. Back home in ... In the 1970s Knox and his Edinburgh research group invented new micro-particulate packing materials for liquid chromatography, ... Berthod, Alain (1989). "On the Use of the Knox Equation". Journal of Liquid Chromatography. 12 (7): 1187-1201. doi:10.1080/ ... now used commonly to describe the spreading of a solute into bands in liquid chromatography. John Knox was elected a Fellow of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Knox_(chemist)

Niessen, Wilfried M. A. (1999). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Vol. 79. CRC Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-8247-1936-4. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_diamond

Detectors for liquid chromatography. New York: Wiley. pp. 229-291. ISBN 9780471821694. "Steve Weber". University of Pittsburgh ... 2016, Dal Nogare Award, Chromatography Forum of the Delaware Valley 2015, Palmer Award, Minnesota Chromatography Forum 2012, ... Weber develops electrochemical detectors for use with liquid chromatography techniques. An important area of application is the ... "Palmer Award". Minnesota Chromatography Forum. Retrieved 14 July 2016. "Provost's Award for Excellence in Mentoring". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_G._Weber

... and Oral Suspensions by Reverse-Phase Ion-Pair Chromatography". Journal of Liquid Chromatography. 7 (6): 1243-1265. doi:10.1080 ... Muhammad, Naseem; Tsai, Peter S.; Lauback, Ronald G. (1982). "High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Assay for Dane Salt Potassium ... Journal of Liquid Chromatography. 5 (7): 1349-1355. doi:10.1080/01483918208067593. Lauback, Ronald (1984). "Specific High- ... Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ampicillin in Bulks, Injectables, Capsules, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Lauback

Journal of Liquid Chromatography. 18 (14): 2801-2812. doi:10.1080/10826079508009325. Bastian G, Urien S, Brée F, Jolliet P, ... "Determination of 4-Hydroxytertatolol Stereoisomers in Rat and Human Urine by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxytertatolol

Meyer, Veronika (2013). Practical high-performance liquid chromatography. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-68134-3. OCLC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiome

Thermally related benefits of gas chromatography can now be applied to classes of compounds that are restricted to liquid ... size exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography separations, as well as pseudo-solid ... Thermoresponsive polymers can be used as the stationary phase in liquid chromatography. Here, the polarity of the stationary ... Promising areas of application are tissue engineering, liquid chromatography, drug delivery and bioseparation. Only a few ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature-responsive_polymer

Gladney, HM; Dowden, BF; Swalen, JD (1969). "Computer-Assisted Gas-Liquid Chromatography". Anal. Chem. 41 (7): 883-888. doi: ... An alternative but equivalent form of the EMG distribution is used for description of peak shape in chromatography. This is as ... "Characterization of Exponentially Modified Gaussian Peaks in Chromatography". Analytical Chemistry. 44 (11): 1733-1738. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentially_modified_Gaussian_distribution

... paper chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography which is more commonly known as gas chromatography. The modification of ... This was an important departure, both in theory and in practice, from adsorption chromatography. In liquid-liquid separation, a ... "Liquid Chromatography with Hydrocarbonaceous Bonded Phases; Theory and Practice of Reversed Phase Chromatography". Journal of ... Finally, gas-liquid chromatography, a fundamental technique in modern analytical chemistry, was described by Martin with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_chromatography

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies. 24 (16): 2493-2504. doi:10.1081/JLC-100105955. v t e (ECHA InfoCard ID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mepindolol

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies. Informa UK Limited. 20 (16-17): 2907-2929. doi:10.1080/ ... Photophoresis denotes the phenomenon that small particles suspended in gas (aerosols) or liquids (hydrocolloids) start to ... "Migration Analysis of Micro-Particles in Liquids Using Microscopically Designed External Fields". Analytical Sciences. Japan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophoresis

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies. 30 (18): 2717-27. doi:10.1080/10826070701560629. S2CID 96089499. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handkea_utriformis

"The separation by liquid chromatography (under elevated pressure) of phenyl, benzyl, and O-nitrophenyl glycosides of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein_b-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

"Stability of Tylosin A in manure containing test systems determined by high performance liquid chromatography". Chemosphere. 40 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylosin

Yoko Kawashima, Yuji Nagashima and Kazuo Shiomi, Determination of tetramine in marine gastropods by liquid chromatography/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buccinum_leucostoma

... starts with the proteins in the mixture being digested and the resulting peptides are separated by liquid chromatography. ... proteomics techniques in identifying proteins in complex mixtures using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun_proteomics

Several sampling and analytical methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

Later analysis demonstrated that the isolated strains were able to grow in liquid media containing 50% Jet A-1 aviation fuel. ... The kerosene from which the two yeast strains were isolated was analyzed with gas chromatography and shown to have 48 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_keroseneae

The dimethyloxazoline (DMOX) derivatives of fatty acids are amenable to analysis by gas chromatography. Structural analogues ... "Deposition of HfO2 and ZrO2 films by liquid injection MOCVD using new monomeric alkoxide precursors". Journal of Materials ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxazoline

Solvent assisted inlet ionization can be coupled not only to liquid chromatography (LC) but also to nano LC. Ionization at ... A New Highly Sensitive Approach for Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry of Small and Large Molecules". Analytical Chemistry ... proteins and lipids that can be coupled to a liquid chromatograph. Inlet ionization techniques can be used with an Orbitrap ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix-assisted_ionization

"Multi-Element Selective Radio Frequency Plasma Detector for Capillary Gas Chromatography, F. Yang, P. Farnsworth, R. Skelton, K ... "Novel Liquid Crystalline Compounds and Polymers,"J.S. Bradshaw, M.L. Lee, K.E. Markides, and B.A. Jones. US Patent Number ... degree at Stockholm University 1984 with the thesis Organosiloxanes containing cyano groups for capillary chromatography. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_Markides

... monitoring doping control urine samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography - high resolution/high accuracy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meldonium

... liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, or a modified 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde colorimetric method. Variations in extract ... while in warmer climates the water remains liquid. When ice forms on the beds, trucks can be driven onto the ice to spread a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cranberry

In 2010 SCIEX acquired the liquid chromatography business of Eksigent Corporation and now offers a range of liquid ... "Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Market Size By 2027". www.coherentmarketinsights.com. Retrieved 2022-05-28. Gelpí, ... Peter Dawson at the National research Council of Canada, the first application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass ... In 1986, the joint venture was extended to include the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) business, managed ...

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by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry". Phytochemical Analysis. 19 (4): 335-41. doi:10.1002 ...

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Novel continuous rods of macroporous polymer as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Separation Media. Analytical Chemistry ...

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Diagnostic tests include DNA sequencing, hemoglobin electrophoresis, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Treatment is ...

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Many coffee companies use high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure how much caffeine remains in the coffee ... with properties midway between a gas and a liquid. Caffeine dissolves into the CO2; but compounds contributing to the flavour ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decaffeination

The purpose of a scrubber or gas-washing bottle is to scrub the gas such that the liquid absorbs one (or more) of the gaseous ... Other laboratory applications of fritted glass include packing in chromatography columns and resin beds for special chemical ... This fritted glass tip is placed inside the vessel with liquid inside during use such that the fritted tip is submerged in the ... To maximize surface area contact of the gas to the liquid, a stream of gaseous particles is slowly blown into the vessel ...

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Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and SSCA (Single Strand Conformation Analysis) effectively identify SNPs ...

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She commercialised her work on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) with Waters Corporation.[citation needed] Rudd ...

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This is particularly true in gas-liquid chromatography where column lengths up to 60 m are possible, providing a very large ... "Nomenclature for liquid-liquid distribution (solvent extraction)". Pure Appl. Chem. IUPAC. 65 (11): 2373-2396. doi:10.1351/ ... In ion-exchange chromatography the selectivity coefficient is defined in a slightly different way Solvent extraction is used to ... Factors determining selectivity for lead against zinc, cadmium and calcium have been reviewed, In column chromatography a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_selectivity

... such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform ion cyclotron ...

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Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Chromatography). ... for the concentration of a solute adsorbed onto the surface of a solid and the concentration of the solute in the liquid phase ...

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True moving bed chromatography (TMBC) is only a theoretical concept. Its simulation, SMBC, is achieved by the use of a ... with continuous flow of solid particles and continuous flow of liquid in the opposite direction of the solid particles. ... A continuous chromatography technique to overcome the two fraction limit and to apply gradients is multicolumn countercurrent ... Chromatography Multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification Bailly, M. and Nicoud, R.-M. (LSGC-ENSIC, 1, rue ...

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... liquid - list of compounds - list of gene families - locus - luminescent protein - lymphocyte homing receptor - lysine - lysis ... chromatography - chromosomal crossover - chromosome - chromosome walking - cilium - circular dichroism - cis face - citric acid ...

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Most commonly, a combination of chromatography steps is employed for separation. The purified enzymes are either sold in pure ... Enzyme separation may be accomplished through solid-liquid extraction techniques such as centrifugation or filtration, and the ...

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Qualitative and quantitative determinations of the phenolic acids by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP ... Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the essential oil compounds performed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization ...

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in 1984 identified several actaplanins using high-performance liquid chromatography. Actaplanins A, B1, B2, B3, C1 and G were ...

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... and nifoxipam by nano-liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for drug testing purposes". Analytical and ...

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... for gas chromatography. It is also used to introduce the trimethylsilyl protecting group in organic synthesis. A related ... It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in diverse organic solvents, but reacts rapidly with compounds, including solvents and ... Handbook of Derivatives for Chromatography (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-92699-X. Harry Heaney, Jian Cui, "N,O-Bis( ...

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In this exclusive webinar, our cannabis instrumentation experts will share information about solutions that relieve the purification bottleneck for processors.. This 15-minute on-demand session will cover:. ...

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... system which was further followed by a multiplexed and targeted proteomic liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ...

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Purchase Liquid Chromatography of Natural Pigments and Synthetic Dyes, Volume 71 - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN ... Thin-layer chromatography 1.3. High-performance liquid chromatography 1.4. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC). 1.5. ... Thin-layer chromatography 3.5. High-performance liquid chromatography 3.6. Electrophoretic methods 4. Electrophoretic methods. ... Liquid Chromatography of Natural Pigments and Synthetic Dyes. Holiday Sale. :. Save up to 25% on print and eBooks with FREE ...

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Scope1.1 This test method covers a direct aqueous injection procedure for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of ... 1.1 This test method covers a direct aqueous injection procedure for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of phenols, ...

https://www.astm.org/d2580-94r01.html

The role of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed ... AACC.org // Clinical Laboratory News // All Articles // Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ... During the past 15 years, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has evolved into a vital technology used to ... Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in the clinical laboratory. Ann Clin Biochem 2015;52:18-38. ...

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Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC). • Multi-column Chromatography / SMB. • High-pressure dosing solutions. • Lipid ... We are a developer and manufacturer of scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography (LC), liquid dosing ...

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View our high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) solutions, including HPLC and UHPLC columns, systems, autosamplers, ...

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Gilar, M., Olivova, P., Daly, A. E. & Gebler, J. C. Orthogonality of separation in two-dimensional liquid chromatography. Anal ... Reversed-phase-reversed-phase liquid chromatography approach with high orthogonality for multidimensional separation of ... Reversed-phase chromatography with multiple fraction concatenation strategy for proteome profiling of human MCF10A cells. ... Supplementary Figure 3 QC of basic reversed-phase chromatography.. A) Chromatogram of non-human peptide standard mix on the ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-018-0006-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=814fb17d-6ea3-4d2b-a01f-b3805c522a73

High-performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Market by Product (Instruments (Systems, Detectors), Consumables (Columns, ...

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Gas and liquid chromatography abstracts.. Other Authors:. Institute of Petroleum (Great Britain). Gas Chromatography Discussion ...

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A fully automatic prediction for peptide retention time (RT) in liquid chromatography (LC), termed as DeepRT, was developed ... A fully automatic prediction for peptide retention time (RT) in liquid chromatography (LC), termed as DeepRT, was developed ... Retention Time of Peptides in Liquid Chromatography Is Well Estimated upon Deep Transfer Learning. @article{Ma2017RetentionTO, ... title={Retention Time of Peptides in Liquid Chromatography Is Well Estimated upon Deep Transfer Learning}, author={Chunwei Ma ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Retention-Time-of-Peptides-in-Liquid-Chromatography-Ma-Zhu/364c130496070a67b7c6a98e17a078b200ca244b

A Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Evaluation of Two Brands of Enalapril 20 mg Tablets in Healthy ... C. Ghosh, I. Jain, C. P. Shinde, and B. S. Chakraborty, "Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry ... and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system (Agilent Technologies, model LC-1200, Englewood, USA) equipped by an ... "Simultaneous quantification of enalapril and enalaprilat in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass ...

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A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of acid/alkaline phytohormones in grapes ... water using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after solid-phase ... Chromatography, High Pressure LiquidDrug ResiduesDrug StabilityGibberellinsIndoleacetic AcidsIndolesIsopentenyladenosine ... A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of five ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/22197443/A_liquid_chromatography_tandem_mass_spectrometry_method_for_simultaneous_determination_of_acid/alkaline_phytohormones_in_grapes_

View MoreLiquid Chromatography (LC/HPLC)Gas Chromatography (GC)Sample PreparationMass SpectrometryPharmaceutical Analysis ... Liquid Chromatography (LC/HPLC)Gas Chromatography (GC)Sample PreparationMass SpectrometryPharmaceutical AnalysisEnvironmental ... In my first summer of liquid chromatography (LC) experience in 1996, I sat in front of a newly acquired high performance liquid ... The LCGC Blog: Automated Method Development in Liquid Chromatography. .social-ris-container { display: flex; justify-content: ...

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High Resolution Accurate Mass (HRAM) Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) Screen for Prostaglandins Found in ...

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To explore the metabolic biomarkers and regulation pathways of acute pancreatitis, ultra-performance liquid chromatography ( ... Exploring metabolic biomarkers and regulation pathways of acute pancreatitis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography ... Exploring metabolic biomarkers and regulation pathways of acute pancreatitis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography ...

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Prediction of Analyte Retention Time in Liquid Chromatography. Authors: Haddad PR, Taraji M, Szücs R ...

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... ... Michael William Dunning (2018). Quantification and Profiling of Hepatic Retinoids in Freshwater Fishes by Liquid Chromatography ... A new approach coupling liquid chromatographic separations to mass selective detection was developed that enabled the ...

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Seminars and Events at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) and Vienna Biocenter (VBC).

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... refined instrumentation and host of potential variables within a liquid chromatography (LC) system mean that things dont ... refined instrumentation and host of potential variables within a liquid chromatography (LC) system mean that things dont ...

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Extraction of ergosterol from peaty soils and determination by high performance liquid chromatography ... Extraction of ergosterol from peaty soils and determination by high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta, 41 (5). pp. 711 ...

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High-pressure liquid chromatography of steroids secreted by human adrenal and testis cells in monolayer culture. In: Journal of ... High-pressure liquid chromatography of steroids secreted by human adrenal and testis cells in monolayer culture. / OHare, M. J ... OHare, M. J., Nice, E. C., Magee-Brown, R., & Bullman, H. (1976). High-pressure liquid chromatography of steroids secreted by ... OHare MJ, Nice EC, Magee-Brown R, Bullman H. High-pressure liquid chromatography of steroids secreted by human adrenal and ...

https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/high-pressure-liquid-chromatography-of-steroids-secreted-by-human

Determination of acidic herbicides using liquid chromatography with pneumatically assisted electrospray ionization mass ... Journal of Chromatography A 926(1): 211-220, 2001. Development of simultaneous gas chromatography-mass spectrometric and liquid ... Journal of Chromatography A 800(1): 89-100, 1998. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric identification of ... Development of a liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of ...

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Chromatography and mass spectrometry are very powerful techniques. Their use in Marine Sciences is currently under expansion. ... Advanced training on Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Methods in Marine Science. ... These Knowledge Exchange and Training activities will give an overview of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry methods ... Chromatography and mass spectrometry are very powerful techniques. Their use in Marine Sciences is currently under expansion. ...

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Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of Sch B by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled ... Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) is a powerful technique for determining and identifying ... Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of Sch B by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled ... Investigation of in Vitro and in Vivo Metabolism of Schisandrin B from Schisandrae Fructus by Liquid Chromatography Coupled ...

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Compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1D-LC), LC × LC methods offer higher separation power, thanks to the ... Compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1D-LC), LC × LC methods offer higher separation power, thanks to the ... Compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1D-LC), LC × LC methods offer higher separation power, thanks to the ... Compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1D-LC), LC × LC methods offer higher separation power, thanks to the ...

https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/enhancing-detectability-of-anabolic-steroid-residues-in-bovine-ur

... oxytetracycline and tetra-cycline in honey by high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. Lett. 23, 607-616. *Mascher A., ...

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Nees based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprinting Combined with Chemometric Approaches, B ... A high performance liquid chromatography photo diode array method was developed for simultaneous quantiï¬ cation of ï¬ ve ... The high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with chemometric approaches could be used as an effective tool ... In light of this, a multiple marker based High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint in combination with ...

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This article reviews solvent gradient interaction chromatography (SGIC) and thermal gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) ... Application Note: Polyolefin Characterization by High Temperature Adsorption Liquid Chromatography: A Review of Solvent ... This article reviews solvent gradient interaction chromatography (SGIC) and thermal gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) ... Application Article: Automated liquid handling: Meeting the needs of the modern lab ...

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The analytical figures of merit for open tubular liquid chromatography (OT-LC, pressure driven) and open tubular capillary ... A stationary pseudophase semi-permanent coating for open-tubular capillary liquid chromatography and electrochromatography ... A stationary pseudophase semi-permanent coating for open-tubular capillary liquid chromatography and electrochromatography , ... use of a stationary pseudophase coating is potentially an easy alternative way to conduct open-tubular liquid chromatography ...

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Petal anthocyanins were systematically identified and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with diode array detection among nine wild herbaceous peony ( Paeonia L.) species (15 accessions). (ashs.org)

A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of five acid/alkaline phytohormones, i.e., indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthylacetic acid (NAA), gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and isopentenyladenine (2IP), in grapes was developed. (unboundmedicine.com)
B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences JO - J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci VL - 881-882 N2 - A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of five acid/alkaline phytohormones, i.e., indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthylacetic acid (NAA), gibberellic acid (GA(3)) and isopentenyladenine (2IP), in grapes was developed. (unboundmedicine.com)
In my first summer of liquid chromatography (LC) experience in 1996, I sat in front of a newly acquired high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) instrument at Virginia Tech working to optimize the separation of some analyte set, the details of which escape my memory. (chromatographyonline.com)
I remember that one of the big advances in HPLC column technology that had happened back then, or at least not too long before I started my chromatography journey, was the move from irregularly shaped particles to those that were more spherical and uniform in nature. (chromatographyonline.com)
By using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chelating agents such as dithiocarbamates or 8-hydroxyquinoline it was possible to separate a range of metal ions which are of importance in the polymerisation chemistry of anaeorbic adhesives. (dcu.ie)
A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous, stereoselective quantification of the antidepressant citalopram and its active metabolite desmethylcitalopram in human plasma and breast milk. (univ-lorraine.fr)
Previously published pharmacokinetic studies have used high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the quantification of ceftriaxone. (ox.ac.uk)
That is why scientists at the Fraunhofer Institute developed a fast and selective method for characterizing functionalized polyolefins with an approach based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (solar-consulting.de)
Combining HPLC with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) made it possible to separate PP-g-MA samples based on their chemical composition and then on their molar mass. (solar-consulting.de)
A simple, specific, rapid and sensitive High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed to measure plasma level of quinine and quinidine. (who.int)
The final solution was analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector using an excitation wavelength of 270 nanometers and an emission wavelength of 415 nanometers. (cdc.gov)
Techniques I used to include High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), flame photometry, aqueous and non-aqueous titrations, and dissolution test methods. (ncl.ac.uk)

Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of Sch B by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. (scirp.org)

To explore the metabolic biomarkers and regulation pathways of acute pancreatitis, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with a mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics strategy was used. (rsc.org)
Analysis of glycosaminoglycans in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with mucopolysaccharidoses by isotope-dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (duke.edu)
Because current methods lack the required limit of quantification and specificity to analyze GAGs in small volumes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we developed a method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). METHODS: Samples of CSF (25 μL) were evaporated to dryness and subjected to methanolysis. (duke.edu)

Such an approach can be good not only for finding the right column for an application, but also to gain a more fundamental understanding of the underlying separation mechanisms, as we have shown previously screening a series of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) phases for separation of estrogen metabolites (1). (chromatographyonline.com)
It is designed to alleviate the problem of analyte/metal surface interactions when analyzing organic acids, organophosphates, oligonucleotides, phosphopeptides, acidic glycans and phospholipids by reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography. (labbulletin.com)
For this purpose, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) was used to separate sulphated analogues. (ifremer.fr)
Models were derived by rearranging the linear solvent strength (LSS) model equations, and data sets from almost 100 different separation conditions were treated to illustrate effects for various types of solutes as separated by reversed phase (RP), ion-pair reversed phase (IP-RP), ion-exchange (IEX), hydrophobic interaction (HIC) and hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) chromatography . (bvsalud.org)
Tandem Mass Tag Labeling Facilitates Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Hydrophilic Phosphopeptides. (harvard.edu)

1.1 This test method covers a direct aqueous injection procedure for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of phenols, cresols, and mono- and di-chlorophenols in water. (astm.org)
Liquid chromatography-pneumatically assisted electrospray mass spectrometry with negative ionization has been used for the determination of acidic herbicides in ground water. (eurekamag.com)
Diaz T.G., Cabanillas A.G., Salinas F. (1990) Rapid determination of sulphatiazole, oxytetracycline and tetra-cycline in honey by high-performance liquid chromatography, Anal. (apidologie.org)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Determination of quinine and quinidine in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography. (who.int)
Karbwang J, Na Bangchang K, Molunto P, Bunnag D. Determination of quinine and quinidine in biological fluids by high performance liquid chromatography. (who.int)
The concentrate is analyzed using liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) determination. (cdc.gov)
Determination of amino acids with high performance liquid chromatography. (openrepository.com)
Investigate several analytical instrumental methods/approaches/techniques, including but not limited to gas, liquid, and ion chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic techniques for determination of chemical compounds in workplace atmospheres. (cdc.gov)

With the introduction of soft ionization techniques, such as electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, low molecular weight molecules can be ionized in liquid phase allowing the coupling of high performance LC to MS/MS. When MS/MS is coupled with LC, the retention time adds another property to correctly identify the analyte, resulting in enhanced specificity. (aacc.org)
Reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography with gradient elution on Zorbax-ODS columns has been used to separate, identify, and measure, spectrophotometrically, the steroids secreted by both human adrenal and testis cells in primary monolayer culture. (monash.edu)
In this study we describe an approach to enhance the sensitivity of an online comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC × LC) high-resolution mass spectrometry method for the separation and detection of trace levels of anabolic-steroid residues in complex urine matrices. (vu.nl)
A high performance liquid chromatography photo diode array method was developed for simultaneous quantiï¬ cation of ï¬ ve marker compounds and for establishing the chemical fingerprint of Andrographis paniculata from 28 different locations of Eastern India. (ijpsonline.com)
The high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint combined with chemometric approaches could be used as an effective tool for discriminating the herb from different origins and quality control of Andrographis paniculata . (ijpsonline.com)
This alternative ligand was 8-hydroxyquinoline, and using this it was possible to resolve Cu(II) and Fe(lII) as their oxinate complexes using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with a mobile phase of acetonitrile: 0.02 M sodium acetate buffer (pH 6.0), _3 (50:50, v/v) which was 5 x 10 M in 8-hydroxyquinoline and 0.1 M in KNO^ with ultra-violet detection at 400nm. (dcu.ie)
Zahar, M & Smith, DE 1990, ' Vitamin A Quantification in Fluid Dairy Products: Rapid Method for Vitamin A Extraction for High Performance Liquid Chromatography ', Journal of Dairy Science , vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 3402-3407. (umn.edu)
Waters Corporation introduces the Waters™ ACQUITY™ PREMIER Solution, the next generation in liquid chromatographs featuring Waters' breakthrough MaxPeak™ High Performance Surface (HPS) technology. (labbulletin.com)
Run times using ultra high performance liquid chromatography can be 50 times shorter than with regular liquid chromatography , Broughton Laboratories asserts. (chromatographytoday.com)
The pharmaceutical regulatory, post-registration and pre-release testing laboratory has invested in an ultra high performance liquid chromatography system to further enhance its service to clients. (chromatographytoday.com)
However, it is not only time that is saved as a result of the move towards ultra high performance liquid chromatography . (chromatographytoday.com)
Assays with 14 C-labeled substrates involved radiometric high-performance liquid chromatography. (aspetjournals.org)
These include gas, high pressure liquid, or ion exchange chromatography. (medlineplus.gov)
High-performance liquid chromatography assay procedure for quantitation of vitamin A and E in seminal plasma. (nih.gov)
After purification, the chelators were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and NMR spectrometry. (hu-berlin.de)
Total chlorogenic acid and caffeine contents in non-roasted coffee beans and roasted coffee extracts were also quantified using high performance liquid chromatography. (nutraingredients.com)
The development of new instrument- denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) is to use automated detection to find out the minute or single mutation of nucleotide. (knowcancer.com)
Macromolecules can be very sensitive, so forcing high molar mass or stiff polymer chains through a liquid chromatography (LC) system at a very high pressure can result in chain degradation and generate results only for the fragments. (chromatographyonline.com)
The Associate Research Chemist performs research on jet fuel technology with emphasis on fuel testing techniques such as density, viscosity, dielectric constant, trace metals concentrations, etc, as well as chemical analysis techniques such as gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. (engineering.com)
Counter-current ion exchange or chromatography results in high yield, high purity and high product concentrations, at the lowest operational cost when compared to the more conventional stationary bed operations for ion exchange and chromatography. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
Serum and hepatic levels of vitamin A were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. (elsevier.com)
Particle packed columns and monolithic columns in high-performance liquid chromatography-comparison and critical appraisal. (semanticscholar.org)
Calcium-sensing receptor mutations and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. (cdc.gov)
Sera and urine specimens, green mussel and seawater samples were tested for Saxitoxin levels using High Power Liquid Chromatography. (who.int)
Results of blood smear examination, high-performance liquid chromatography, and brain CT scan are shown in Figures 1-3. (medscape.com)
Analytical methods have been revised to incorporate the greater reliability of such advanced techniques as gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. (who.int)
A postdoctoral opportunity is immediately available within the Group to apply metabolomic methodologies based on high performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry to the discovery of new biomarkers of exposure related to cancer risk. (who.int)

A new approach coupling liquid chromatographic separations to mass selective detection was developed that enabled the quantification of major retinoids by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. (uwaterloo.ca)
Detection of anabolic steroids by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. (tamu.edu)

The hardest part of any gel permeation chromatography/size-exclusion chromatography (GPC/SEC) separation is selecting the right columns and developing a robust method. (chromatographyonline.com)
Gel permeation chromatography/sizeâ exclusion chromatography (GPC/SEC) is performed to determine the complete molar mass distribution. (chromatographyonline.com)

Urinary organophosphate pesticides uses azeotropic codistillation of urine, derivitization, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method (GC-MS/MS). This method can be used to quantify the six dialkylphosphate human metabolites of organophosphate pesticides in urine. (cdc.gov)

Chromatography is a way of separating two or more chemical compounds. (medlineplus.gov)

The derivatization or chemical modification of polar compounds was originally necessary in other methodologies like gas chromatography (GC), because these compounds had to be sufficiently volatile in order to be analyzed. (aacc.org)
The procedure involves enzymatic hydrolysis of urine, extraction, derivatization, and column cleanup, followed by analysis of the concentrate using capillary gas chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). This procedure uses isotope dilution with 13 C-labeled internal standards for all analytes. (cdc.gov)

Synthesis and characterization of highly surface active ionic liquids and their mixed micellization behavior with different amphiphilic block copolymers for the solubilization of hydrophobic drugs. (ncl.ac.uk)

This latest volume in the series entitled Liquid Chromatography of Natural Pigments and Synthetic Dyes presents an overview of the latest developments in the field while critically evaluating this method of analysis and providing comparisons of the various liquid chromatographic separation techniques that are currently available. (elsevier.com)
The unique separation capacity of liquid chromatographic (LC) techniques makes it a method of preference for the analysis of pigments in any complicated accompanying matrices. (elsevier.com)
Compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography (1D-LC), LC × LC methods offer higher separation power, thanks to the combined effect of two different selectivities and a higher peak capacity. (vu.nl)
The separation of streptomycin and its derivative dihydrostreptomycin using ion-pair liquid chromatography is proposed. (org.in)

Our studies (i.e., electroosmotic flow measurements by capillary electrophoresis, chromatographic retention of a neutral probe and atomic force microscopy) suggested the formation of DDAB patchy admicelle, complete admicelle, or larger aggregates at the solid surface - liquid interface inside the capillary, depending on the concentration of DDAB used in coating the capillary. (edu.au)
Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid. (bvsalud.org)

A detailed description is given of the development and validation of a fully automated in-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) method capable of detecting 90 central-stimulating new psychoactive substances (NPS) and 5 conventional amphetamine-type stimulants (amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethyl-amphetamine (MDEA), methamphetamine) in serum. (uni-koeln.de)

Studying effective column lengths in liquid chromatography of large biomolecules. (bvsalud.org)

A fully automatic prediction for peptide retention time (RT) in liquid chromatography (LC), termed as DeepRT, was developed using deep learning approach, an ensemble of Residual Network (ResNet) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). (semanticscholar.org)

This article reviews solvent gradient interaction chromatography (SGIC) and thermal gradient interaction chromatography (TGIC) as methods of polyolefin analysis. (selectscience.net)

The use of a stationary pseudophase coating is potentially an easy alternative way to conduct open-tubular liquid chromatography and electrochromatography. (edu.au)
When used with our BIST™ mobile phases, these ion exchange columns can generate very strong retention of analytes that have the same charge polarity as the stationary phase, unlocking new chromatography applications that were previously too difficult to achieve. (sielc.com)

We are a developer and manufacturer of scientific instruments of superior quality for liquid chromatography (LC), liquid dosing and other laboratory tasks. (knauer.net)
Dr, Victor R. De Jesús setting up a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry run in the laboratory. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory pilot SepTor unit for chromatography / ion exchange on a small / preparative scale (photo courtesy Xendo Manufacturing). (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

The application of the supported liquid membrane (SLM) technique for the extraction of biogenic amines is presented. (lu.se)
The optimization of the extraction process, involving the composition of membrane liquid, is discussed. (lu.se)

Fingerprinting commercial products as well as Bt deposited in public collections was accomplished using a technique known as Cellular Fatty Acid analysis, based on Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GLC). (usda.gov)
32. Spahl W, Budzikiewicz H. Qualitative analysis of dental resin composites by gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. (bvsalud.org)

The coumarin tag is small and stable, which makes a subsequent liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC‐MS)‐based protein identification possible. (chemistryviews.org)

We report a case of oral 5-MAPB exposure confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in a 24-year-old previously healthy white man. (erowid.org)

During the past 15 years, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has evolved into a vital technology used to perform routine tests in many clinical laboratories. (aacc.org)

This study aimed to develop and validate a bioanalytical method for the quantification of ceftriaxone in human plasma using liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Sample preparation was performed by protein precipitation of 100 µl plasma sample in combination with phospholipid-removal techniques to minimize matrix interferences. (ox.ac.uk)

Purified from goat serum by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by antigen affinity chromatography using the immunizing peptide. (prosci-inc.com)

Journal of Chromatography. (unboundmedicine.com)
Journal of Chromatography A , 125 (1), 357-367. (monash.edu)

These Knowledge Exchange and Training activities will give an overview of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry methods to researchers and demonstrate their potential in Marine Sciences by running specific examples. (ualg.pt)

The SepTor systems are currently in use in a large number of pharmaceutical industries for the recovery and/or purification of pharmaceutical intermediates through counter-current ion exchange or chromatography. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
The heart of the SepTor ion exchange contactor comprises a unique liquid flow distribution concept (the multi-port distributor valve) which physically allows the use of truly counter-current ion exchange, chromatography or other adsorptions for the recovery / purification of pharma intermediates. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

How Do You Prepare Column Chromatography? (chromatographytoday.com)
How Does Column Diameter Affect Column Chromatography? (chromatographytoday.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs93

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment81

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science4

Health Care9

The gas-liquid chromatograph and the electron capture detection in equine drug testing. (1/6149)

Research and identification of tranquillizers - use of retention index. (2/6149)

An improved method for the structural profiling of keratan sulfates: analysis of keratan sulfates from brain and ovarian tumors. (3/6149)

Metabolism of the new liposomal anticancer drug N4-octadecyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in mice. (4/6149)

Studies on cytochrome P-450-mediated bioactivation of diclofenac in rats and in human hepatocytes: identification of glutathione conjugated metabolites. (5/6149)

Ethyl glucuronide--a marker of alcohol consumption and a relapse marker with clinical and forensic implications. (6/6149)

Lignocellulose degradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: purification and characterization of the main alpha-galactosidase. (7/6149)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a delivery system for photosensitizers: implications for photodynamic therapy of atherosclerosis. (8/6149)

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Chromatography, Affinity

Chromatography, Liquid

Chromatography, Gel

Chromatography

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Chromatography, Gas

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Ionic Liquids

Liquid Crystals

Molecular Weight

Mass Spectrometry

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Chromatography, Reverse-Phase

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Chromatography, Agarose

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Kinetics

Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Amino Acids

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Chromatography, Paper

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Cattle

Substrate Specificity

Chemistry

Chemical Phenomena

Sepharose

Drug Stability

Chemical Fractionation

Calibration

Reference Standards

Reproducibility of Results

Carbohydrates

Isoelectric Focusing

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Temperature

Indicators and Reagents

Carbohydrate Sequence

Escherichia coli

Peptide Fragments

Methods

Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary

Countercurrent Distribution

Oligosaccharides

Limit of Detection

Liver

Hydrolysis

Trypsin

Solid Phase Extraction

Rabbits

Liquid Ventilation

Solubility

Isoelectric Point

Acetonitriles

Microchemistry

Peptides

Molecular Structure

Recombinant Proteins

Stereoisomerism

Protein Binding

Solvents

Macromolecular Substances

Sensitivity and Specificity

Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Radioimmunoassay

Biological Assay

Plant Extracts

Base Sequence

Hydroxyapatites

Polysaccharides

Immunodiffusion

Glycoproteins

Biotransformation

Fatty Acids

Methanol

Culture Media