Chromatography ion exchange. Medical search

High molecular weight, insoluble polymers which contain functional groups that are capable of undergoing exchange reactions (ION EXCHANGE) with either cations or anions.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Reversible chemical reaction between a solid, often one of the ION EXCHANGE RESINS, and a fluid whereby ions may be exchanged from one substance to another. This technique is used in water purification, in research, and in industry.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions with anions.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

High molecular weight insoluble polymers which contain functional anionic groups that are capable of undergoing exchange reactions with cations.

Gated, ion-selective glycoproteins that traverse membranes. The stimulus for ION CHANNEL GATING can be due to a variety of stimuli such as LIGANDS, a TRANSMEMBRANE POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, mechanical deformation or through INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

A research technique to measure solvent exposed regions of molecules that is used to provide insight about PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Stable potassium atoms that have the same atomic number as the element potassium, but differ in atomic weight. K-41 is a stable potassium isotope.

The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active, passive or facilitated. Ions may travel by themselves (uniport), or as a group of two or more ions in the same (symport) or opposite (antiport) directions.

Repetitive withdrawal of small amounts of blood and replacement with donor blood until a large proportion of the blood volume has been exchanged. Used in treatment of fetal erythroblastosis, hepatic coma, sickle cell anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septicemia, burns, thrombotic thrombopenic purpura, and fulminant malaria.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Inorganic compounds derived from hydrochloric acid that contain the Cl- ion.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The opening and closing of ion channels due to a stimulus. The stimulus can be a change in membrane potential (voltage-gated), drugs or chemical transmitters (ligand-gated), or a mechanical deformation. Gating is thought to involve conformational changes of the ion channel which alters selective permeability.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.

A chromatography technique in which the stationary phase is composed of a non-polar substance with a polar mobile phase, in contrast to normal-phase chromatography in which the stationary phase is a polar substance with a non-polar mobile phase.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Positively-charged atomic nuclei that have been stripped of their electrons. These particles have one or more units of electric charge and a mass exceeding that of the Helium-4 nucleus (alpha particle).

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A class of inorganic or organic compounds that contain the borohydride (BH4-) anion.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

A plant species of the genus PINUS that contains isocupressic acid.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Polymers of high molecular weight which at some stage are capable of being molded and then harden to form useful components.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

A plasma membrane exchange glycoprotein transporter that functions in intracellular pH regulation, cell volume regulation, and cellular response to many different hormones and mitogens.

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Deuterium. The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The fruiting 'heads' or 'caps' of FUNGI, which as a food item are familiarly known as MUSHROOMS, that contain the FUNGAL SPORES.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.

Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

Electrophoresis in which discontinuities in both the voltage and pH gradients are introduced by using buffers of different composition and pH in the different parts of the gel column. The term 'disc' was originally used as an abbreviation for 'discontinuous' referring to the buffers employed, and does not have anything to do with the shape of the separated zones.

Signaling proteins which function as master molecular switches by activating Rho GTPases through conversion of guanine nucleotides. Rho GTPases in turn control many aspects of cell behavior through the regulation of multiple downstream signal transduction pathways.

Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin. They may be endogenous or exogenous compounds.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

A method of separation of two or more substances by repeated distribution between two immiscible liquid phases that move past each other in opposite directions. It is a form of liquid-liquid chromatography. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A pyrazine compound inhibiting SODIUM reabsorption through SODIUM CHANNELS in renal EPITHELIAL CELLS. This inhibition creates a negative potential in the luminal membranes of principal cells, located in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. Negative potential reduces secretion of potassium and hydrogen ions. Amiloride is used in conjunction with DIURETICS to spare POTASSIUM loss. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p705)

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

A reagent commonly used in biochemical studies as a protective agent to prevent the oxidation of SH (thiol) groups and for reducing disulphides to dithiols.

A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.

An electrogenic ion exchange protein that maintains a steady level of calcium by removing an amount of calcium equal to that which enters the cells. It is widely distributed in most excitable membranes, including the brain and heart.

A hybrid separation technique combining both chromatographic and electrophoretic separation principles. While the method was invented to separate neutral species, it can also be applied to charged molecules such as small peptides.

A mass-spectrometric technique that is used for microscopic chemical analysis. A beam of primary ions with an energy of 5-20 kiloelectronvolts (keV) bombards a small spot on the surface of the sample under ultra-high vacuum conditions. Positive and negative secondary ions sputtered from the surface are analyzed in a mass spectrometer in regards to their mass-to-charge ratio. Digital imaging can be generated from the secondary ion beams and their intensity can be measured. Ionic images can be correlated with images from light or other microscopy providing useful tools in the study of molecular and drug actions.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.

A general class of integral membrane proteins that transport ions across a membrane against an electrochemical gradient.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Proteoglycans consisting of proteins linked to one or more CHONDROITIN SULFATE-containing oligosaccharide chains.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Characterization and partial purification of a novel neutrophil membrane-associated kinase capable of phosphorylating the respiratory burst component p47phox. (1/6642)

The phosphorylation of p47phox is widely viewed as an important step in the activation of the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase system. The exact nature of the kinase(s) responsible remains to be elucidated. We show here that such a kinase was detected on neutrophil membranes activated by either PMA or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. This enzyme is not intrinsic to the neutrophil membrane and could be eluted with 0.5 M NaCl. The kinase activity was partially purified and was found not to be due to the presence of previously suggested kinases, including protein kinase C isotypes, mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B. Gel filtration and renaturation in substrate gels suggest a molecular mass of between 45 and 51 kDa. The kinase activity was independent of calcium and lipids but was potently inhibited by staurosporine. Treatment with protein phosphatase 2Ac suggested that the kinase was activated by serine/threonine phosphorylation. Phosphopeptide maps indicated that the kinase phosphorylated p47phox on similar sites to those found in vivo. These results indicate that activation of neutrophils by PMA results in the activation of a membrane-associated kinase that may play a part in the regulation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase through its ability to phosphorylate p47phox. (+info)

Physical characterization of a low-charge glycoform of the MUC5B mucin comprising the gel-phase of an asthmatic respiratory mucous plug. (2/6642)

We have previously noted that sequential extraction of an asthmatic mucous exudate with 6 M guanidinium chloride yielded a fraction of the mucins that were most resistant to solubilization and of high Mr [Sheehan, Richardson, Fung, Howard and Thornton (1995) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 13, 748-756]. Here we show that this mucin fraction is dominated (at least 96% of the total) by the low-charge glycoform of the MUC5B gene product. Seen in the electron microscope the mucins appeared mainly as compact 'island' structures composed of linear threads often emanating from globular 'nodes' rather than the discrete linear threads more typical of mucins that we have previously described. The effect of reducing agents was as expected for other gel-forming mucins, i.e. reduced subunits or monomers of Mr 3x10(6)) were produced within 15 min of treatment. Kinetic experiments on the cleavage of the intact mucins with the proteinase trypsin indicated two clear regimes of fragmentation. An initial rapid cleavage generated mucins ranging from Mr=4x10(6) to 30x10(6) that in the electron microscope appeared as polydisperse threads (500-3000 nm in length), similar to normal and other respiratory mucins that we have previously characterized. A subsequent slower fragmentation over many hours yielded a major fragment of Mr 3x10(6) and length 200-600 nm, very similar in size and Mr to the subunits obtained by reduction. The results suggest that the MUC5B mucin is assembled, first into polydisperse linear threads, which are then linked together via a protein-mediated process. This might involve part of the mucin polypeptide or an as yet unidentified protein(s). The high proteinase susceptibility of the linkage suggests that it might be a point of control for mucin size and thus mucus rheology. (+info)

An improved method for the structural profiling of keratan sulfates: analysis of keratan sulfates from brain and ovarian tumors. (3/6642)

A previously developed method for the structural fingerprinting of keratan sulfates (Brown et al., Glycobiology, 5, 311-317, 1995) has been adapted for use with oligosaccharides fluorescently labeled with 2-aminobenzoic acid following keratanase II digestion. The oligosaccharides are separated by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography on a Dionex AS4A-SC column. This methodology permits quantitative analysis of labeled oligosaccharides which can be detected at the sub-nanogram ( approximately 100 fmol) level. Satisfactory calibration of this method can be achieved using commercial keratan sulfate standards. Keratan sulfates from porcine brain phosphocan and human ovarian tumors have been examined using this methodology, and their structural features are discussed. (+info)

Purification and identification of a novel subunit of protein serine/threonine phosphatase 4. (4/6642)

The catalytic subunit of protein serine/threonine phosphatase 4 (PP4C) has greater than 65% amino acid identity to the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2AC). Despite this high homology, PP4 does not appear to associate with known PP2A regulatory subunits. As a first step toward characterization of PP4 holoenzymes and identification of putative PP4 regulatory subunits, PP4 was purified from bovine testis soluble extracts. PP4 existed in two complexes of approximately 270-300 and 400-450 kDa as determined by gel filtration chromatography. The smaller PP4 complex was purified by sequential phenyl-Sepharose, Source 15Q, DEAE2, and Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatographies. The final product contained two major proteins: the PP4 catalytic subunit plus a protein that migrated as a doublet of 120-125 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The associated protein, termed PP4R1, and PP4C also bound to microcystin-Sepharose. Mass spectrometry analysis of the purified complex revealed two major peaks, at 35 (PP4C) and 105 kDa (PP4R1). Amino acid sequence information of several peptides derived from the 105 kDa protein was utilized to isolate a human cDNA clone. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed 13 nonidentical repeats similar to repeats found in the A subunit of PP2A (PP2AA). The PP4R1 cDNA clone engineered with an N-terminal Myc tag was expressed in COS M6 cells and PP4C co-immunoprecipitated with Myc-tagged PP4R1. These data indicate that one form of PP4 is similar to the core complex of PP2A in that it consists of a catalytic subunit and a "PP2AA-like" structural subunit. (+info)

Recombinant human peroxisomal targeting signal receptor PEX5. Structural basis for interaction of PEX5 with PEX14. (5/6642)

Import of matrix proteins into peroxisomes requires two targeting signal-specific import receptors, Pex5p and Pex7p, and their binding partners at the peroxisomal membrane, Pex13p and Pex14p. Several constructs of human PEX5 have been overexpressed and purified by affinity chromatography in order to determine functionally important interactions and provide initial structural information. Sizing chromatography and electron microscopy suggest that the two isoforms of the human PTS1 receptor, PEX5L and PEX5S, form homotetramers. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicates that PEX5 binds to the N-terminal fragment of PEX14-(1-78) with a very high affinity in the low nanomolar range. Stable complexes between recombinant PEX14-(1-78) and both the full-length and truncated versions of PEX5 were formed in vitro. Analysis of these complexes revealed that PEX5 possesses multiple binding sites for PEX14, which appear to be distributed throughout its N-terminal half. Coincidentally, this part of the molecule is also responsible for oligomerization, whereas the C-terminal half with its seven tetratricopeptide repeats has been reported to bind PTS1-proteins. A pentapeptide motif that is reiterated seven times in PEX5 is proposed as a determinant for the interaction with PEX14. (+info)

Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Purification and characterization of the 60 S ribosomal subunit proteins L4, L5, L7, L9, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22, L23, L26, L27, L30, L33, L35', L37, and L39. (6/6642)

The proteins of the large subunit of rat liver ribosomes were separated into seven groups by stepwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl at pH 6.5. Seventeen proteins (L4, L5, L7, L9, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22, L23, L26, L27, L30, L33, L35', L37, and L39) were isolated from three of the groups (B60, D60, G60) by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose and by filtration through Sephadex. The amount of protein obtained varied from 0.5 to 15 mg. Eight of the proteins (L9, L11, L13, L21, L22, L35', L37 and L39) had no detectable contamination; the impurities in the others were no greater than 9%. The molecular weight of the proteins was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate; the amino acid composition was determined. (+info)

Acid-catalyzed lactonization of alpha2,8-linked oligo/polysialic acids studied by high performance anion-exchange chromatography. (7/6642)

Recent studies from many laboratories revealed remarkable structural, distributional, and functional diversities of oligo/polysialic acids (OSA/PSA) that exist in organisms ranging from bacteria to man. These diversities are further complicated by the fact that OSA/PSA spontaneously form lactones under even mildly acidic conditions. By using high performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with nitrate eluents, we found that lactonization of alpha2,8-linked OSA/PSA (oligo/poly-Neu5Ac, oligo/poly-Neu5Gc and oligo/poly-KDN) proceeds readily, and the lactonization process displays three discrete stages. The initial stage is characterized by limited lactonization occurring between two internal sialic acid residues, reflected by a regular pattern of lactone peaks interdigitated with non-lactonized peaks on HPAEC. In the middle stage, multiple lactonized species are formed from a molecule with a given degree of polymerization (DP), in which the maximum number of lactone rings formed equals DP minus 2. At the final stage, completely lactonized species become the major components, resulting in drastic changes in the physicochemical properties of the sample. Interestingly, the smallest lactonizable OSA are tetramer, trimer, and dimer at the initial, middle, and final stages, respectively. At any of the stages, OSA/PSA of higher DP lactonize more rapidly, but all the lactone rings rapidly open up when exposed to mild alkali. Lactonized OSA/PSA are resistant to both enzyme- and acid-catalyzed glycosidic bond cleavage. The latter fact was utilized to obtain more high DP oligo/poly(alpha2,8-Neu5Gc) chains from a polysialoglycoprotein. Our results should be useful in preparation, storage, and analysis of OSA/PSA. Possible biological significance and bioengineering potentials of lactonization are discussed. (+info)

Human triclonal anti-IgG gammopathy. I. Iso-electric focusing characteristics of the IgG, IgA and IgM anti-IgG and their heavy and light chains. (8/6642)

Human IgG, IgA and IgM anti-IgG autoantibodies have been isolated from the serum of an individual with Felty's syndrome. These were initially noted as soluble circulating serum complexes by analytical ultracentrifugation. Isolation was accomplished by solid phase immunoadsorption and each of the three antibody populations obtained was shown to be of restricted heterogeneity by liquid and polyacrylamide gel electrofocussing methods. Type kappa light chains were obtained from each protein. Co-isoelectric focusing experiments of all possible pairs of these light chains showed them to have identical net charge characteristics. Heavy chains obtained from each protein were also monoclonal and of differing isoelectric point. The availability of this serum provides a human model with which to study the changes which may occur in autoantibodies during the autoimmune response. (+info)

... (or ion-exchange chromatography) separates ions and polar molecules based on their affinity to the ion ... Ion-exchange chromatography separates molecules based on their respective charged groups. Ion-exchange chromatography retains ... The two types of ion chromatography are anion-exchange and cation-exchange. Cation-exchange chromatography is used when the ... Elution from ion-exchange columns can be sensitive to changes of a single charge- chromatofocusing. Ion-exchange chromatography ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_chromatography

Exclusion chromatography. Fractionation Range of Globular Proteins and Dextrans (Da). Ion-exchange chromatography. PEGylation ... Sephadex is also used for ion-exchange chromatography. Sephadex is used to separate molecules by molecular weight. Sephadex is ... "Sephadex® ion exchange media" (PDF). chembio.uoguelph.ca. Pharmacia Biotech. GE Healthcare. "Sephadex LH-20". Retrieved 2019-12 ... Sephadex is also used for buffer exchange and the removal of small molecules during the preparation of large biomolecules, such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephadex

"Ion Exchange Chromatography". Analytical Chemistry. 34 (5): 48R-50r. doi:10.1021/ac60185a005. ISSN 0003-2700. "Chromatography ... Ion exchange chromatography can separate acids, bases, or mixtures of strong and weak acids and bases by their varying ... Using column chromatography to separate the neutral compounds according to their ratio-of-fronts values. Gel electrophoresis, ... Acid-base extraction is a simple alternative to more complex methods like chromatography. Note that it is not possible to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_extraction

"Detectors for ion-exchange chromatography". Archived from the original on 20 August 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2009. Wikimedia ... So, an "ion-association" constant K, can be derived for the association equilibrium between ions A+ and B−: A+ + B− ⇌ A+B− with ... Conductivity detectors are commonly used with ion chromatography. Einstein relation (kinetic theory) Born equation Debye- ... so that there is more interactions between close ions. Whether this constitutes ion association is a moot point. However, it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conductivity_(electrolytic)

Guide to Ion-Exchange Chromatography. Harvard Apparatus. p. 2. Guide to Ion-Exchange Chromatography. Harvard Apparatus. p. 3. ( ... Anion-exchange chromatography is a process that separates substances based on their charges using an ion-exchange resin ... Anion exchange resins will bind to negatively charged molecules, displacing the counter-ion. Anion exchange chromatography is ... Duong-Ly, Krisna C.; Gabelli, Sandra B. (2014). Chapter Eight - Using Ion Exchange Chromatography to Purify a Recombinantly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion-exchange_chromatography

... is a positively charged resin used in ion-exchange chromatography, a type of column chromatography, for the separation and ... Peterson, Elbert A.; Sober, Herbert A. (1956). "Chromatography of Proteins. I. Cellulose Ion-exchange Adsorbents". Journal of ... "DEAE and CM Bio-Gel ® A Ion Exchange Gels Instruction Manual" (PDF). Bio-Rad. Retrieved 11 May 2016. "DEAE-Dextran" (PDF). GE ... DEAE-Sepharose, DEAE-650 and DEAE-Sephadex are commonly used in chromatography. DEAE-C is a weak anion exchanger. This exchange ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylaminoethyl_cellulose

They isolated it using ion-exchange chromatography. Publication of the finding was delayed until later due to the war. Marinsky ... His research was concerned with nuclear inorganic chemistry, physicochemical studies of ion exchange, and polyelectrolyte and ... Isolated Promethium Ions, New York Times, September 8, 2005 Reactor Chemistry - Discovery of Promethium Archived 2015-07-06 at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_A._Marinsky

They isolated it using ion-exchange chromatography. Publication of the finding was delayed until later due to the war. Marinsky ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_D._Coryell

They isolated it using ion-exchange chromatography. Publication of the finding was delayed until later due to the war. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_E._Glendenin

A Quantitative Study by Ion-Exchange Chromatography". Pediatric Research. 3 (2): 113-120. doi:10.1203/00006450-196903000-00002 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Levy_(academic)

This distinguishes HILIC as a mechanism distinct from ion exchange chromatography. The more polar compounds will have a ... June 2010). "Peptide Orientation Affects Selectivity in Ion-Exchange Chromatography". Anal. Chem. 82 (12): 5253-5259. doi: ... Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, HILIC) is a variant of normal phase ... liquid chromatography that partly overlaps with other chromatographic applications such as ion chromatography and reversed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophilic_interaction_chromatography

The D-500 operates using ion exchange chromatography. A sample is first rendered into liquid form by a technician. A small ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durrum_D-500

These can be separated by ion exchange chromatography. Either cation exchange chromatography is used at a low enough pH that ... followed by ion chromatography, first with anion beads and then with cation beads.[citation needed] Displacement chromatography ... Transferrin can instead be removed by size exclusion chromatography. This method is one of the more reliable chromatography ... or anion exchange chromatography is used at a high enough pH that the desired antibody flows through the column while anions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody

Individual ions have been separated by ion exchange chromatography. Anhydrous rhodium chloride crystallises in the YCl3 and ... The sodium salt is converted to H3RhCl6 by ion exchange chromatography. Recrystallization of this acidic salt from water ... the hexaaquo ion) to "raspberry-red". Some of these species are [Rh(H2O)6]3+, [RhCl(H2O)5]2+, cis- and trans-[RhCl2(H2O)4]+, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodium(III)_chloride

Additionally they offer Ion Chromatography (IC) and Ion Exchange columns. Shodex HPLC Columns are manufactured in Japan by ... The product range covers aqueous and organic Size Exclusion Chromatography columns for large (bio-)molecules, columns for the ... Also size exclusion chromatography calibration standards are available (Pullulan, Polystyrene, Polymethylmethacrylate) Shodex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shodex

In biomolecules, proteins can be separated by ion exchange chromatography. Biological proteins are made up of zwitterionic ... In the common case when the surface charge-determining ions are H+/HO−, the net surface charge is affected by the pH of the ... In systems in which H+/OH− are the interface potential-determining ions, the point of zero charge is given in terms of pH. The ... When a mixture containing a target protein is loaded into an ion exchanger, the stationary matrix can be either positively- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoelectric_point

Inamuddin (2017-06-01). Applications of Adsorption and Ion Exchange Chromatography in Waste Water Treatment. Materials Research ... The ion-exchange resins act to retain the ions, allowing these to be transported across the ion-exchange membranes. The main ... Current efficiency is a measure of how effective ions are transported across the ion-exchange membranes for a given applied ... Electrodialysis (ED) is used to transport salt ions from one solution through ion-exchange membranes to another solution under ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrodialysis

Ion exchange chromatography (usually referred to as ion chromatography) uses an ion exchange mechanism to separate analytes ... There are two types of ion exchange chromatography: Cation-Exchange and Anion-Exchange. In the Cation-Exchange Chromatography ... Ion exchange chromatography is commonly used to purify proteins using FPLC. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is also known ... Ion exchange chromatography uses a charged stationary phase to separate charged compounds including anions, cations, amino ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography

Alkali anion exchange membrane Ion Ion chromatography Ion-exchange membranes Ion-exchange resin Desalination Reverse osmosis ... Ion exchange can also be used to remove hardness from water by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions for sodium ions in an ion- ... Industrial and analytical ion-exchange chromatography is another area to be mentioned. Ion-exchange chromatography is a ... Along with absorption and adsorption, ion exchange is a form of sorption. Ion exchange is a reversible process, and the ion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_exchange

In ion-exchange chromatography the selectivity coefficient is defined in a slightly different way Solvent extraction is used to ... the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006-) "selectivity coefficient, kA/B in ion exchange chromatography". doi: ... The target ion in this case is divalent, Cu2+. This ion is classified as borderline in the scheme of Ahrland, Chatt and Davies ... A potentiometric selectivity coefficient defines the ability of an ion-selective electrode to distinguish one particular ion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_selectivity

For similar reasons, it is a useful eluent in ion-exchange chromatography. It is also used for electropolishing or etching of ... That its pKa is lower than −9 is evidenced by the fact that its monohydrate contains discrete hydronium ions and can be ... The reaction gives nitrous oxide and perchloric acid due to a concurrent reaction involving the ammonium ion and can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perchloric_acid

EDTA was used in separation of the lanthanide metals by ion-exchange chromatography. Perfected by F. H. Spedding et al. in 1954 ... Due to the expense of this method, relative to countercurrent solvent extraction, ion exchange is now used only to obtain the ... In the laboratory, EDTA is widely used for scavenging metal ions: In biochemistry and molecular biology, ion depletion is ... "Basic Principles Involved in the Macro-Separation of Adjacent Rare Earths from Each Other by Means of Ion Exchange": 1-47. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid

Sepharose fast flow ion exchange and sepharose fast flow chromatography procedures are run, and 3) gel filtration is run. The ... anion exchange chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The recovered purified ... Chromatographic techniques utilise ion exchange, gel filtration and affinity resins to separate proteins. Since the 1980s it ... Batch adsorption, e.g. onto ion exchange media, is only useful when dealing with smaller samples of plasma, typically 200 mL or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography_in_blood_processing

The fragments can be purified by gel filtration, ion exchange, or affinity chromatography. Fab and F(ab')2 antibody fragments ... Hamuro Y, Coales SJ, Molnar KS, Tuske SJ, Morrow JA (April 2008). "Specificity of immobilized porcine pepsin in H/D exchange ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsin

... to prepare the plasma for following ion exchange chromatography steps. After ion exchange there are generally further ... or reverse phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) with high efficiency cation exchange chromatography and subsequent tandem mass ... Methods incorporating chromatography generally begin with cryodepleted plasma undergoing buffer exchange via either ... It is composed primarily of water with small amounts of minerals, salts, ions, nutrients, and proteins in solution. In whole ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma_fractionation

... as in washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions. In a liquid chromatography experiment, for example, an ... For instance, a mixture of amino acids may be separated by ion-exchange chromatography. Under a particular set of conditions, ... In liquid chromatography, the eluent is the liquid solvent; in gas chromatography, it is the carrier gas. The eluate is the ... Chromatography Desorption Gradient elution in high performance liquid chromatography Leaching "IUPAC Gold Book: eluent". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elution

... when measured by ion-exchange chromatography. The thiobarbituric acid method (a chemical method specific for the detection of ... "Glycated Hemoglobin in Uremic Patients as Measured by Affinity and Ion-Exchange Chromatography" (PDF). clinchem.com. pp. 485- ... The naming of HbA1c derives from hemoglobin type A being separated on cation exchange chromatography. The first fraction to ... Point of care (e.g., doctor's office) devices use immunoassay boronate affinity chromatography.[citation needed] In the United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin

... for ion-exchange and sediment-sorption chromatography in aqueous solution (ion exchange and precipitation); as an inert carrier ... Sorbent of the ions of metals from solutions of their salts, for example, CsNO3, AgNO3, Ba(NO3)2, Sr(NO3)2, Pb(NO3)2, etc., ... the ability of aluminum oxide to chemosensitivity fluorine ions used for the purification of water with increased fluorine ... adsorbent for gas and liquid adsorption chromatography (adsorption); ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_oxide_nanoparticle

... size exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography separations as well as pseudo-solid ... and cation-exchange chromatography. RP-HPLC requires the use of organic solvents, which is not favored and current trends are ... and temperature-responsive stationary phase with ion-exchange groups". J. Chromatogr. A. 1119 (1-2): 58-65. doi:10.1016/j. ... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography requires high concentration salt elutions and eluent cleaning to remove the salt. To ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoresponsive_polymers_in_chromatography

... was separated from the other compounds by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Apamin is a polypeptide ... Transport of potassium ions out of the cell along their concentration gradient causes the membrane potential to become more ... which hinders the transport of potassium ions. This will increase the neuronal excitability and lower the threshold for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apamin

Ions are also critical for nerve and muscle function, as action potentials in these tissues are produced by the exchange of ... Modern biochemical research has been greatly aided by the development of new techniques such as chromatography, X-ray ... The most important ions are sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphate and the organic ion bicarbonate. The ... For example, muscle contraction depends upon the movement of calcium, sodium and potassium through ion channels in the cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

Ion channel - ion channel gating - Ionic bond - ionization potential - iron-sulfur protein - isoenzyme - isoleucine - Isomer - ... chromatography - chromosomal crossover - chromosome - chromosome walking - cilium - circular dichroism - cis face - citric acid ... hydrogen-deuterium exchange - hydrolysis - hydrolytic enzyme - hydrophilic - hydrophobe - hydrophobic - hydrophobicity analysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

Notably, the protein contains three EF hand motifs that function as binding sites for Ca2+ ions. The protein is a member of the ... Before coelenteramide is exchanged out, the entire protein is still fluorescent blue. because of the connection between ... Masuda H, Takenaka Y, Shikamoto Y, Kagawa M, Mizuno H, Tsuji FI (2003). "Chromatography of isoforms of recombinant apoaequorin ... Thus, titration studies show that all three calcium-binding sites are active but only two ions are needed to trigger the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aequorin

This model takes into account the water exchange and flow rate, and yields the values of biogenic substance rates for any area ... C. annuum juices have been shown to produce Ag nanoparticles at room temperature when treated with silver ions and additionally ... For metabolite profiling, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used to find flavonoids such as quercetin. Compounds can then ... They are generally isolated and measured through the use of chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. Additionally, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogenic_substance

Examples of operations include affinity, size exclusion, reversed phase chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, ... Affinity chromatography often isolates and purifies in a single step. Fermentation (biochemistry) Separation process Unit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downstream_processing

The beads can be washed to provide purity of the isolated molecule before dissolving it by ion exchange methods. Direct ... Smith SM (2011). "Strategies for the purification of membrane proteins". Protein Chromatography. Methods in Molecular Biology. ... It binds to free Ca2+ ions, which in turn slightly increase fluorescence of the Fluo-4 AM. The drawback of the Fluo-4 dye ... It works through crystal lattice beads, which are coated with ligand coupling molecules and filled with cerium ions. These give ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand_binding_assay

To balance ion potential across the membrane, magnesium ions (Mg2+) move out of the thylakoids in response, increasing the ... affinity chromatography, and aggregation using DTT, though these methods are more time-consuming and less efficient when ... ancestral C3-type RuBisCO evolved to have faster turnover of CO2 in exchange for lower specificity as a result of the greater ... Magnesium ions (Mg2+) are needed for enzymatic activity. Correct positioning of Mg2+ in the active site of the enzyme involves ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuBisCO

These two enzymes were reported to be distinguishable by their molecular weight, behavior in ion-exchange chromatography and ... The molecular weight of AT was found to be 218 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. AT is a glycoprotein. It has 86% ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trehalase

... quasimolecular ions, or form adducts with species such as NO3-, yielding [M+NO3]- ions. Measurements in the negative ion mode ... Chan, Chang-Ching; Bolgar, Mark S.; Miller, Scott A.; Attygalle, Athula B. (2010). "Desorption ionization by charge exchange ( ... Van Berkel, Gary J.; Sanchez, Amaury D.; Quirke, J. Martin E. (2002). "Thin-Layer Chromatography and Electrospray Mass ... Ambient ionization is a form of ionization in which ions are formed in an ion source outside the mass spectrometer without ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_ionization

Robinson on ligand exchange reactions in molybdenum oxo complexes. In 1983, he received his Ph.D. degree from the University of ... column chromatography. Jones recently synthesized BDP, resulting in a scalable and commercial production. The processes include ... in the presences of cyanide ion". Inorganica Chimica Acta. 33: 63-67. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)89455-4. ISSN 0020-1693. Landis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_R._Landis

... was successfully isolated from O. Hannah venom by gel filtration and cation-exchange chromatography. Its molecular ... and would then activate voltage-gated calcium-ion channels leading to high levels of intracellular calcium ions. The ... the effect of ablomin is likely to be caused by inhibition of voltage-gated ion channels. An activation of smooth muscle cells ... intracellular calcium ion concentration correlates well with contraction force in the rat-tail artery. Thus, contraction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophanin

Ion Chromatography, John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 3-527-61325-0 Gary S 2013, 'Poisoned Alloy' the Metal of the Future', ... Ion-Exchange Reactions of Cationic Radon', Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, vol. 22, pp. 1631-32, doi: ... The dioxide dissolves in acid to yield the trihydroxotellurium(IV) Te(OH)3+ ion; the red Te42+ and yellow-orange Te62+ ions ... Antimony nanocrystals may enable lithium-ion batteries to be replaced by more powerful sodium ion batteries. Tellurium, which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid

... such as ion-exchange chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. They synthesized 33 amino acids, including 10 ... such as high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Their result showed ... using paper chromatography. He also detected aspartic acid and gamma-amino butyric acid, but was not confident because of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Miller

For this, the solution of the solubilized protein is subject to dialysis or ion exchange chromatography in the presence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Octyl_beta-D-thioglucopyranoside

Ions generated by an impact are reflected by a paraboloid shaped grid onto the center ion detector. Prototypes of dust ... By exchanging the projectile with a sabot containing any dust particles high speed dust projectiles can be used for impact ... Rosetta's Philae lander carried the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry COSAC experiment to analyze organic molecules in the ... The hemispherical target of 0.01 m2 area collected electrons from the impact and the ions were collected by the central ion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_dust_measurement

Supelco is the chromatography products branch of Sigma-Aldrich. It provides chromatography columns and related tools for ... "SIGMA ALDRICH CORP (10-K), Consolidated Statements of Income" (XBRL). United States Securities and Exchange Commission. ... including ligands for receptors and ion channels, enzyme inhibitors, phosphospecific antibodies, key signal transduction ... acquired to enter the chromatography market 1994 - LabKemi AB 1997 - Research Biochemicals International, Riedel-de-Haen, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-Aldrich

... and continuous ion chromatography (CIC) systems at larger scales. TMRC and its funding and development partner USA Rare Earth, ... using static column systems designed to provide the general design concepts for ultimate use of continuous ion exchange (CIX) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_Top_Mountain

Intimate ion pair Ion Interaction Chromatography Salt bridge (protein and supramolecular) Noncovalent interactions Radial ... "Salt Effects and Ion Pairs in Solvolysis and Related Reactions. III.1 Common Ion Rate Depression and Exchange of Anions during ... Lastly, when the ions are in contact with each other, the ion pair is termed a contact ion pair. Even in a contact ion pair, ... Ion associates are classified, according to the number of ions that associate with each other, as ion pairs, ion triplets, etc ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_association

W. J. Hehre, W. A. Lathan, R. Ditchfield, M. D. Newton, and J. A. Pople, Gaussian 70 (Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange, ... 1957 Jens Skou discovers Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, the first ion-transporting enzyme. 1958 Max Perutz and John Kendrew use X-ray ... 1903 Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet invents chromatography, an important analytic technique. 1904 Hantaro Nagaoka proposes an early ... 1898 Wilhelm Wien demonstrates that canal rays (streams of positive ions) can be deflected by magnetic fields, and that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemistry

Implantation of boron ions into metals and alloys, through ion implantation or ion beam deposition, results in a spectacular ... Aida, Masao; Fujii, Yasuhiko; Okamoto, Makoto (1986). "Chromatographic Enrichment of 10B by Using Weak-Base Anion-Exchange ... and column chromatography of borates are being used. Enriched boron or 10B is used in both radiation shielding and is the ... The latter effect results in preferential removal of the [10B(OH)4]− ion onto clays. It results in solutions enriched in 11B(OH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron

Gray CJ, Thomas B, Upton R, Migas LG, Eyers CE, Barran PE, Flitsch SL (2016). "Applications of ion mobility mass spectrometry ... "Strong anion exchange-mediated phosphoproteomics reveals extensive human non-canonical phosphorylation". The EMBO Journal. 38 ( ... sites on Xenopus laevis Aurora A and analysis of phosphopeptide enrichment by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography". ... Eyers CE, Vonderach M, Ferries S, Jeacock K, Eyers PA (2018). "Understanding protein-drug interactions using ion mobility-mass ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire_E._Eyers

These molecular sieves are used to assist detergents as they can produce demineralized water through calcium ion exchange, ... Some molecular sieves are used in size-exclusion chromatography, a separation technique that sorts molecules based on their ... 4Å molecular sieves can purify sewage of cationic species such as ammonium ions, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+. Due to the high ... 4Å molecular sieves have also been used to remove heavy metal ions present in water due to industrial activities. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_sieve

The resin is loaded with sodium Na+ ions, that are exchanged for calcium Ca++. The softened juice will then be evaporated. For ... capacity and operating time of evaporators and to produce soft molasses that can be further de-sugarised with chromatography. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NRS_process

July 2003). Fluoride ion regeneration of sarin (GB) from minipig tissue and fluids following whole-body gb vapor exposure (PDF ... Sarin or its metabolites may be determined in blood or urine by gas or liquid chromatography, while acetylcholinesterase ... exchanging 15 liters of air per minute, lower 28 mg/m3 value is for general population). This number represents the estimated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarin

WHAT CAN SEPTOR TECHNOLOGIES OFFER IN THE FIELD OF ION EXCHANGE AND CHROMATOGRAPHY? Besides equipment, SepTor Technologies ... COUNTER-CURRENT ION EXCHANGE AND CHROMATOGRAPHY. The SepTor series models comprise a multi-port distributor rotary valve that ... Counter-current ion exchange or chromatography results in high yield, high purity and high product concentrations, at the ... Simulated Moving Bed Systems for Counter-Current Ion Exchange and Chromatography. Make an enquiry. Contact Details ...

https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/contractors/process_automation/sep/

Chromatography is a way of separating two or more chemical compounds. Chemical compounds are chemicals that are bonded together ... These include gas, high pressure liquid, or ion exchange chromatography.. In general, chromatography uses the differences in ... Chromatography is a way of separating two or more chemical compounds. Chemical compounds are chemicals that are bonded together ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002325.htm

... ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis.[3,43] A current list of FDA-approved ... ion exchange high-performance (pressure) liquid chromatography; RBC: red blood cell. Source: Reference 39 (based on data from ... liquid chromatography; IDA: iron-deficiency anemia; RBC: red blood cell.. Source: References 2, 5, 19-38. ... may decrease A1C when measured by chromatography due to competitive inhibition of glycation of hemoglobin; not seen with normal ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/905033_2

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid * Chromatography, Ion Exchange * Comet Assay * DNA Damage* * Dose-Response Relationship, ... properly extracted and fractioned by ion-exchange to obtain oxindole alkaloid purified fractions (OAPFs). The freeze-dried ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27180878/

Cohn-Oncley cold ethanol fractionation, followed by ultracentrafiltration and ion exchange chromatography; solvent detergent ... Cold ethanol fractionation, octanoic acid fractionation, and anion exchange chromatography; pH 4 incubation and depth ... Cohn-Oncley cold ethanol fractionation, cation and anion exchange chromatography, solvent detergent treated, nanofiltration, ... Cohn-Oncley fractionation, caprylate-chromatography purification, cloth and depth filtration, low pH incubation ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/888939-overview

Ion-exchange membrane chromatography *12.5. Conclusions *Chapter 13: Emerging product formation *Abstract ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/food-waste-recovery/galanakis/978-0-12-800351-0?utm_source=SciTech%20Connect&utm_medium=foodsci&utm_campaign=STC317

Ion-exchange-chromatography; Laboratory-techniques; Chemical-analysis; Author Keywords: Hexavalent chromium; ultrasound; base ... CrVI was extracted from standard solutions and simulated samples and retained on an ion exchange resin via ultrasonic ... CrVI was separated from trivalent- chromium (CrIII) and other cations on a strong anion exchange resin using a slightly basic ... Over 95% of the CrVI was eluted from the anion exchange resin using 5 milliliters of the buffer solution containing 0.1M ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=hexavalent+chromium&f1=%2A&Adv=0&terms=1&PageNo=10&RecNo=98&View=f&

Peyrin L SPECIFIC ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPKY AND FLUORIMETRIC ASSAY FOR URINARY 3-0-METHYLDOPAMINE Journal of Chromatography ... Journal of Chromatography. 1976 Apr;116:379-94.. Dalmaz Y, Peyrin L. "SPECIFIC ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPKY AND FLUORIMETRIC ... "SPECIFIC ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPKY AND FLUORIMETRIC ASSAY FOR URINARY 3-0-METHYLDOPAMINE". ... ASSAY FOR URINARY 3-0-METHYLDOPAMINE" Journal of Chromatography. 1976 Apr;116:379-94. ...

https://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=8222&S=l-dopa

mainly two type of ion exchange technique 1. batch method and 2.column method ... In this part of ion exchange chromatogrphy we will covered about ion exchange technique. ... Application of the ion Exchange, Batch Method Ion Exchange chromatography, Column method in Ion Exchange Chromatography, GPAT ... Ion Exchange Technique in chromatography, Ion exchanger technique, Regeneration of the Ion exchange Resin, Scope of Ion ...

https://gpatindia.com/ion-exchange-chromatography-ion-exchange-technique-part-3/

Determination of Aqueous FeIII/III Electron Self-Exchange Rates Using Enriched Stable Isotope Labels, Ion Chromatography, and ... Determination of Aqueous FeIII/III Electron Self-Exchange Rates Using Enriched Stable Isotope Labels, Ion Chromatography, and ... Determination of Aqueous FeIII/III Electron Self-Exchange Rates Using Enriched Stable Isotope Labels, Ion Chromatography, and ... T1 - Determination of Aqueous FeIII/III Electron Self-Exchange Rates Using Enriched Stable Isotope Labels, Ion Chromatography, ...

https://experts.nau.edu/en/publications/determination-of-aqueous-fesupiiiiiisup-electron-self-exchange-ra

These newly released ion exchange resins cover various categories, including but not limited to: adsorbent resin, catalyst ... ion exchange resins, for individual scientists, labs, and organizations worldwide. ... also known as the ion exchange chromatography," said the Marketing Chief of Alfa Chemistry. "In the research community, a large ... Ion exchange resins are polymers used in research and industrial applications as a medium for ion exchange. Staffed with a ...

https://www.championsbuzz.com/2022/11/09/new-product-launch-at-alfa-chemistry-ion-exchange-resins-for-water-purification-metal-separation-catalysis-and-column-chromatography/

Clinical Relevance of the Discrepancy in Phenylalanine Concentrations Analyzed Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry Compared With Ion ... Exchange Chromatography in Subjects With Phenylketonuria. Stroup BM, Held PK, Williams P, Clayton MK, Murali SG, Rice GM, Ney … ... Discrepancy in Phenylalanine Concentrations Analyzed Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry Compared With Ion-Exchange Chromatography ... discrepancy in phenylalanine concentrations analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry compared with ion-exchange chromatography ...

https://ucedd.waisman.wisc.edu/publications/clinical-relevance-of-the-discrepancy-in-phenylalanine-concentrations-analyzed-using-tandem-mass-spectrometry-compared-with-ion-exchange-chromatography-in-subjects-with-phenylketonuria/

Affinity Chromatography. Ion Exchange Chromatography. Gel-filtration Chromatography. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. ...

http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/print/719963

Performance measurements quantified the dynamic ion-exchange capacity for cadmium (Cd), productivity, and recovery of Cd(II) ... Ion-exchange capacities were constant over five cycles of binding-regeneration. ... Urmann, M.; Graalfs, H.; Joehnck, M.; Jacob, L.R.; Frech, C. Cation-exchange chromatography of monoclonal antibodies: ... Comparison of ion-exchange membranes and commercial ion-exchange resins. Ion Exchange Materials. qmax. Permeability. Flow Rate ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0375/6/4/59

Porous electrodes supported on ion-exchange membranes as electrochemical detectors for supercritical fluid chromatography.. *R ... A sensor based on electrodes supported on ion-exchange membranes for the flow-injection monitoring of sulphur dioxide in wines ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Modified-Screen-Printed-Electrode-Suitable-for-in-Toniolo-Dossi/e49094221452b498445677256b4bb7ca4aaaf34c

Amplified cDNAs were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and precipitated with 2v of isopropanol. Both strands of the ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/4/01-0217_article

Total clear protein lysate and ion exchange (IEX) samples and fractions were loaded on SDS-PAGE gel and stained with GelCode ... After immobilized metal affinity chromatography and IEX, the protein purity was estimated to be more than 99%. The protein ... A3A (N57Q)-BE3 protein was purified using nickel affinity, mono S cation exchange, and size exclusion columns. Desired ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0790-y?error=cookies_not_supported&code=39cd1b3d-a74c-4ebe-abf8-2466aaff3af0

Protein Ion Exchange Chromatography Reference / Calibration Reversed Phase Chromatography ...

https://www.purolite.com/products/it/sp65

Ion exchange chromatography (IEX). Electrostaticity. Inorganic ions, Amino acids, Protein, etc.. Size exclusion chromatography ... Normal phase chromatography (NP). Hydrophilicity (High Polarity). Saccharides, Nuclear acids, etc.. ... Reversed phase chromatography (RP). Hydrophobicity(Low Polarity). Small molecule pharmaceuticals, Vitamins, etc.. ...

https://www.shimadzu.com/an/service-support/technical-support/analysis-basics/basic/principle_of_separation_in_hplc.html

Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography (HILIC) * Ion exchange (IEX) * Multi-mode (NP and RP) ...

https://www.mn-net.com/us/chromatography/hplc-and-uhplc/hplc-and-uhplc-columns/?p=1

Cohn-Oncley cold ethanol fractionation followed by ultracentrafiltration and ion exchange chromatography, solvent detergent ... Cohn-Oncley cold ethanol fractionation, cation and anion exchange chromatography, solvent detergent treated, nanofiltration, ... Cohn-Oncley fractionation, caprylate-chromatography purification, cloth and depth filtration, low pH incubation ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/885625-questions-and-answers

Charge variant analysis using ion-exchange chromatography for the detection of protein therapeutic modifications ... Charge variant analysis using ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) separates proteins based on differences in charge, making it an ... The technique is divided between anion-exchange and cation-exchange chromatography. In anion-exchange, positively charged ... Charge variant analysis using ion-exchange chromatography for the detection of protein therapeutic modifications.. Thorough ...

https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/chromatography/liquid-chromatography-lc/hplc-uhplc-columns/biomolecule-hplc-uhplc-columns/charge-variant-analysis-hplc-columns.html

... by gel filtration and subjected to on-chip immunoaffinity and ion-exchange chromatography. PSA-immunoreactive species were ... this was combined with on-chip immunoaffinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography, which enables simultaneous ... On-chip ion-exchange chromatography of PCa fPSA (a) and BPH fPSA (b) was performed on anion exchanger, Q10 (A), and cation ... Profiling of Free PSA Forms by on-Chip Ion-Exchange Chromatography. The spots with incorporated quaternized ammonium groups ( ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/dm/2013/923819/

238000004255 ion exchange chromatography Methods 0.000 claims description 7 * 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US9585912/en

Column Chromatography • Chromatography used for protein purification • Size exclusion • Ion exchange • Hydrophobic interaction ... Why Use Chromatography? • To purify a single recombinant protein of interest from over 4,000 naturally occuring E. coli gene ... Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography:Steps 1-3 • Add bacterial lysate to column matrix in high salt buffer 2. Wash less ... Helpful Hints:Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography • Add a small piece of paper to collection tube where column seats to ...

https://www.slideserve.com/adem/pglo-gfp

"Ion-Exchange Chromatography for the Separation of Critical Elements from Bioleachate". Catherine House Mentors: David Reed, ... "Enhanced ORR Activity of FePc Functionalized Graphene via Substrate Doping and/or Ligand Exchange: A First Principles Study". ...

https://nmt.edu/academics/chemeng/aicheconference/index.php

Final purification steps involving ion exchange chromatography or gel filtration. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00218/full

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), size exclusion chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography are some types of liquid chromatography. (thoughtco.com)
This page shows how to perform a separation with a Sephadex LH-20 column from Cytiva which are Size Exclusion Chromatography media of polysaccharide network made from cross-linked hydroxypropylated dextran beads. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Superose from Cytiva are Size Exclusion Chromatography media consisting of a composite base matrix of dextran and agarose. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Protein mixtures can also be purified by gel chromatography (also size-exclusion chromatography). (analytica-world.com)
The hardest part of any gel permeation chromatography/size-exclusion chromatography (GPC/SEC) separation is selecting the right columns and developing a robust method. (chromatographyonline.com)
Evaluation of on-line high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, differential refractometry, and multi-angle laser light scattering analysis for the monitoring of the oligomeric state of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine protein antigen. (nchu.edu.tw)

Four authentic stem bark cat's claw samples (SI-SIV) and two leaf samples (LII and LIII) were analyzed by HPLC-PDA, properly extracted and fractioned by ion-exchange to obtain oxindole alkaloid purified fractions (OAPFs). (nih.gov)
These improvements have also increased the demands on analytical technologies, which are used to monitor these systems, such as TOC and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). (pharmtech.com)
Differing from traditional ion-exchange chromatography techniques, gradient chromatofocusing employs specific low molecular weight, volatile buffer components that are introduced onto an ion-exchange HPLC column by programming a binary gradient pumping system to deliver the correct proportions of acidic mobile phase to overcome buffering of the column's stationary phase initially equilibrated with a basic mobile phase thus creating a linear pH gradient through the column. (csuohio.edu)
These analysers based on HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) technology are going to be used to monitor thalassemia, diabetes and haemoglobin variants. (innohealthmagazine.com)
NANO H5 is a fully automated, compact HPLC analyser which uses ion exchange liquid chromatography for quantitative determination of the glycated haemoglobin (HbAIc) in human blood with processing time of 130 seconds that will speed up the turn around time in Laboratory. (innohealthmagazine.com)

A strategy is described for rapid on-line measurement of electron self-exchange rates between aqueous Fe III and Fe II in aqueous solution using stable 57 Fe-labeled reactants, cation chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. (nau.edu)
Capable of separating and identifying proteins according to pI values and molecular weight, gradient chromatofocusing-mass spectrometry has been achieved by integrating a new ion-exchange chromatography technique called gradient chromatofocusing with a newly discovered buffer system that promotes mass spectrometry detection. (csuohio.edu)
Offering greater control of the slope of the pH gradient and improving separation capabilities through usage of buffers at higher concentrations, gradient chromatofocusing buffer systems offer compatibility with mass spectrometry detection that is not possible using polyampholyte buffers commonly used with traditional ion-exchange chromatography techniques. (csuohio.edu)
This compatibility led to the first reporting of ion-exchange chromatography being interfaced with mass spectrometry by a previous group member who used a 2.1 mm i.d DEAE weak anion-exchange column and a 25 mM buffer system consisting of ammonium bicarbonate, pyridine, lactic acid and acetic acid. (csuohio.edu)
A liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry on-line platform that includes the orthogonal techniques of ion exchange and reversed phase chromatography is applied for C-peptide analysis. (bvsalud.org)
Avantor has the resources to make your Chromatography or Mass Spectrometry applications run effectively-from the measuring apparatus needed for chromatography, or the proteins for mass spectrometry. (vwr.com)

This page shows how to convert between linear ﬂow and volumetric ﬂow rates in affinity chromatography. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Affinity chromatography separates proteins based on reversible interactions between a protein and a speciﬁc ligand that has been coupled to a chromatography matrix. (sigmaaldrich.com)
This separation technique relies on the affinity of ions for a charged resin in the ion exchange column. (uwlax.edu)
Its principal surface reactivities include cation exchange through negatively charged, surface-exposed HA-phosphate groups and calcium metal affinity through positively charged, surface-exposed HA-calcium atoms ( 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ). (bioprocessintl.com)
The positive charge on the calcium atoms may be capable of mediating anion-exchange interactions, but no experimental evidence supports this hypothesis, and it seems to be overwhelmed by the stronger influence of metal-affinity interactions ( 13 ). (bioprocessintl.com)
Affinity chromatography can be used to separate nucleic acids, proteins and blood from mixtures of substances. (analytica-world.com)
Protein A resin is a high-affinity chromatography medium. (excedr.com)
The Protein A affinity chromatography technique is extensively used in labs to capture and purify immunoglobulins, such as IgG and monoclonal antibody products. (excedr.com)

Examples of other types of chromatography include ion-exchange, resin, and paper chromatography. (thoughtco.com)
Depending on the flow direction of the eluent, we speak of ascending, descending or circular paper chromatography. (analytica-world.com)

After separation of components by using ion exchange Resin the resin is not useful for another separation as it losses its exchangeable functional group. (gpatindia.com)
It is used for separation of similar ion in one sample. (gpatindia.com)
As versatile materials that possess modulable frameworks based on cross-linked copolymers, ion exchange resins reserve functional groups to attract ions of opposite charges and thus are broadly utilized in the separation application, also known as the ion exchange chromatography," said the Marketing Chief of Alfa Chemistry. (championsbuzz.com)
Note 1: Separation profiles may be different between the weak and strong cation-exchange columns. (thermofisher.com)
A broad and deep portfolio of ion exchange water treatment and separation products for optimal plant productivity in multiple industries and markets. (dupont.com)
Our innovations in ion exchange (IX) water treatment and separation have driven key improvements in reliability, productivity, efficiency, and safety. (dupont.com)
Within the Amber series, we offer ion exchange resins that help meet a range of water-treatment and separation needs for industries and markets, resulting in critical improvements in reliability, productivity, quality, efficiency, and safety. (dupont.com)
When polar solvents such as acetonitrile and water are used, the chromatographic separation technique is called reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography (RP-TLC). (analytica-world.com)
By using Newcrom BH mixed-mode column which also has ion-exchange properties, the separation can be achieved with a simple isocratic method and relatively short time with a mobile phase of acetonitrile (ACN), water and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) buffer. (sielc.com)
Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. (bvsalud.org)
A commercially available porous silica monolithic column (Onyx Monolithic Si, 100mm 4.6mm I.D.) was in-column covalently functionalised with 2-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid (HEIDA) groups, and applied to the simultaneous and rapid separation of alkaline earth and transition metal ions, using high-performance chelation ion chromatography (HPCIC). (edu.au)
With a 0.3 mM dipicolinic acid (DPA) containing eluent, the baseline separation of various common transition and heavy metal ions and the four alkaline earth metal ions could be achieved in under 14 min with a flow rate of just 0.8 mL/min. (edu.au)

CrVI was extracted from standard solutions and simulated samples and retained on an ion exchange resin via ultrasonic extraction in alkaline solution. (cdc.gov)
CrVI was separated from trivalent- chromium (CrIII) and other cations on a strong anion exchange resin using a slightly basic ammonium-sulfate buffer solution. (cdc.gov)
Breakthrough of CrVI from the anion exchange resin and recovery of CrVI were examined by separating, eluting, and analyzing solutions of various buffer strengths spiked with CrVI and CrIII. (cdc.gov)
Over 95% of the CrVI was eluted from the anion exchange resin using 5 milliliters of the buffer solution containing 0.1M ammonium and 0.5M ammonium-sulfate. (cdc.gov)
The hardness of water is removed by Exchange of calcium and magnesium ion present in water with sodium ion of resin. (gpatindia.com)
The exhausted resin is treated with 15 % Solution of Nacl to regain exchange capacity. (gpatindia.com)
In this method, the resin is made into a slurry by using distilled water and is placed in column as in column Chromatography. (gpatindia.com)
The fine particle are removed from the column by back washing in which water is runned into the column both from top and bottom also this back washing is also useful in removal of air bubbles the particle size of resin used should be small to provide larger surface area for efficient Exchange the level of water should be maintained above the level of resins to prevent drying of resin. (gpatindia.com)
For each type of ion exchange resin, a couple of chemicals are available to choose from based on parameters like polymer type, moisture content, swelling rate, effective size, and ionic form. (championsbuzz.com)
Backed by 80 years of application development and years of extensive performance testing, our Amber series of resins are the most trusted ion exchange resin trade names in the industry. (dupont.com)
Backed by extensive performance testing and world-class application experience, the Amber series ion exchange resin portfolio for industrial water will help you maximize the performance of our products in your hands and provide the quality and reliability you need on a daily basis. (dupont.com)
Eventually lactose can be hydrolyzed to glucose and galactose, which can be separated on a chromatographic ion exchange resin. (dupont.com)
Protein A chromatography resin is crucial for the purification process. (excedr.com)

The SepTor systems are currently in use in a large number of pharmaceutical industries for the recovery and/or purification of pharmaceutical intermediates through counter-current ion exchange or chromatography. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
The heart of the SepTor ion exchange contactor comprises a unique liquid flow distribution concept (the multi-port distributor valve) which physically allows the use of truly counter-current ion exchange, chromatography or other adsorptions for the recovery / purification of pharma intermediates. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)
This page shows how to separate proteins and peptides with afﬁnity for metal ions by immobilized metal chelate afﬁnity chromatography using HiTrap Chelating HP, Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow,His MicroSpin Purification Module or HisTrap Kit from Cytiva. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Most of the current detergents are non-ionic and easily applied to ion exchange chromatography purification. (dojindo.com)

Alfa Chemistry, the US-located material supplier, recently announced the launch of a new product line, ion exchange resins , for individual scientists, labs, and organizations worldwide. (championsbuzz.com)
In the research community, a large number of literature is centered on the preparation, investigation, and application of ion exchange resins. (championsbuzz.com)
Ion exchange resins play different roles according to chemical occasions. (championsbuzz.com)
As light and porous solids, ion exchange resins are usually present in the form of white or yellow porous microbeads, membranes, or granules. (championsbuzz.com)
Please visit the website https://ionresins.alfa-chemistry.com/ion-exchange-resins.html to learn more. (championsbuzz.com)
Ion exchange resins are polymers used in research and industrial applications as a medium for ion exchange. (championsbuzz.com)
Accelerate your biologic drug development with Praesto ® chromatography resins. (purolite.com)
for example, by creating a fouling layer on membranes, coating ion exchange resins. (pharmtech.com)
DuPont™ AmberLite™ HPR weak and strong acid cation and weak and strong base anion exchange resins. (dupont.com)
AmberLite™ FPA anion exchange resins. (dupont.com)
AmberLite™ FPC cation exchange resins. (dupont.com)
Ion exchange resins, combined with membrane technologies, are used to purify whey - a byproduct of the production of cheese - by removing mineral salts. (dupont.com)
The resins feature at least one hydrophobic component, at least one hydrophilic component and at least one ion exchange functional group. (justia.com)
The resins exhibit superior wetting and ion exchange performance. (justia.com)
The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins. (bvsalud.org)

Porous electrodes supported on ion-exchange membranes as electrochemical detectors for supercritical fluid chromatography. (semanticscholar.org)

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) generates results quickly and with little effort. (analytica-world.com)
Mixtures of non-polar and moderately polar solvents, such as petroleum ether and ethyl acetate, are used as flow agents in what is called normal-phase thin-layer chromatography (NP-TLC). (analytica-world.com)

в журнале Journal of Chromatography , том 646, с. (msu.ru)
в журнале Journal of Chromatography , том 552, с. (msu.ru)
в журнале Journal of Chromatography , том 520, с. (msu.ru)
McGillicuddy, N and Nesterenko, EP and Nesterenko, PN and Jones, P and Paull, B, Chelation ion chromatography of alkaline earth and transition metals using a monolithic silica column with bonded N-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid functional groups, Journal of Chromatography A, 1276 pp. 102-111. (edu.au)

Charge variant analysis using ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) separates proteins based on differences in charge, making it an ideal method for detecting these modified species. (thermofisher.com)
This explains the strong interaction of HA with alkaline proteins, but a given protein need not have an alkaline isoelectric point (pI) to bind strongly to HA, and strong binding is not necessarily an indication of strong cation-exchange binding. (bioprocessintl.com)

Charge variant analysis using ion-exchange chromatography for the detection of protein therapeutic modifications. (thermofisher.com)
Used in protein crystallization, ion exchange chromatography and SDS-PAGE. (tocris.com)
It was named Protein-C because it was the third protein ("Peak-C") that eluted (separated and isolated) from ion-exchange chromatography. (rtdiagnostics.net)

The self-exchange is monitored by mixing the reactants and performing timewise separations of Fe II and Fe III ions. (nau.edu)
Separations are completed in 30-60 s using a weak phosphonic/carboxylic acid cation exchange guard column and 0.1-0.5 M aqueous HClO 4 eluent. (nau.edu)
Develop selective CBRN separations techniques using solvent extraction, ion exchange, extraction chromatography, and functionalized nanomaterials. (anl.gov)

Both NANO H5 and NANO H110 are high performance liquid chromatography analysers for the detection of HbA1c within 130 seconds. (innohealthmagazine.com)
The operation of the FID is based on the detection of ions formed during combustion of organic compounds in a hydrogen flame . (wikimili.com)
Effect of disease state on ionization during bioanalysis of MK-7009, a selective HCV NS3/NS4 protease inhibitor, in human plasma and human Tween-treated urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. (nchu.edu.tw)

This page describes the maintenance of media and storage conditions for multimodal chromatography using Cytiva products. (sigmaaldrich.com)
HA serves as a multimodal chromatography medium. (bioprocessintl.com)

Gel permeation chromatography/sizeâ exclusion chromatography (GPC/SEC) is performed to determine the complete molar mass distribution. (chromatographyonline.com)

The product is manufactured by the Cohn-Oncley cold ethanol fractionation process followed by ultrafiltration and ion exchange chromatography. (rxlist.com)
When do I have to exchange the filtration membrane with Inline Ultrafiltration? (metrohm.com)
Customers often ask me about how often the membrane in an Ultrafiltration cell needs to be exchanged. (metrohm.com)

High performance liquid chromatography. (cdc.gov)
Liquid chromatography. (cdc.gov)
These include gas, high pressure liquid, or ion exchange chromatography. (medlineplus.gov)
The two broad categories of chromatography are liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC). (thoughtco.com)
Liquid chromatography system used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of anions and cations in solution. (uwlax.edu)
Macromolecules can be very sensitive, so forcing high molar mass or stiff polymer chains through a liquid chromatography (LC) system at a very high pressure can result in chain degradation and generate results only for the fragments. (chromatographyonline.com)

Enzyme adsorption was followed indirectly by selectively quantifying the enzymes in the supernatant by ion-exchange chromatography in an FPLC system. (lu.se)
an ion exchanger as the stationary phase captures anions or cations - again by adsorption. (analytica-world.com)

PSA-IgM complexes and free PSA fractions were separated from the sera of subjects with prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by gel filtration and subjected to on-chip immunoaffinity and ion-exchange chromatography. (hindawi.com)
Ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. (enzolifesciences.com)

This product was prepared from normal serum by delipidation, salt fractionation, ion exchange chromatography followed by pepsin digestion and extensive dialysis against the buffer stated above. (rockland.com)

Staffed with a professional research team, Alfa Chemistry pride itself in supplying a comprehensive range of ion exchange products for customers across the globe. (championsbuzz.com)

When used with our BIST™ mobile phases, these ion exchange columns can generate very strong retention of analytes that have the same charge polarity as the stationary phase, unlocking new chromatography applications that were previously too difficult to achieve. (sielc.com)

have been purified by ion-exchange chromatography in an FPLC system. (lu.se)

Specifically how the ions are produced is not necessarily understood, but the response of the detector is determined by the number of carbon atoms (ions) hitting the detector per unit time. (wikimili.com)

Counter-current ion exchange or chromatography results in high yield, high purity and high product concentrations, at the lowest operational cost when compared to the more conventional stationary bed operations for ion exchange and chromatography. (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

They can be analyzed using the tools of chemical analysis, e.g. spectroscopy and chromatography . (casplantje.nl)

Performance measurements quantified the dynamic ion-exchange capacity for cadmium (Cd), productivity, and recovery of Cd(II) from the membranes by regeneration. (mdpi.com)

Special chromatography papers made of cotton cellulose that differ regarding their absorbency, thickness and mass usually serve as the stationary phase, and pure organic solvents or mixtures of these as the mobile phase. (analytica-world.com)

In this section the practical aspect of Reverse Phased Chromatography ( RPC) is discussed including media and column selection and eluent selection and preparation. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Chromatography is a group of laboratory techniques used to separate the components of a mixture by passing the mixture through a stationary phase. (thoughtco.com)
In ascending chromatography, the substance mixture is applied to the stationary phase, i.e. the chromatography paper. (analytica-world.com)

The electrons produced by the ion source typically have 70 eV of kinetic energy. (technologynetworks.com)

The generation of these ions is proportional to the concentration of organic species in the sample gas stream. (wikimili.com)

Laboratory pilot SepTor unit for chromatography / ion exchange on a small / preparative scale (photo courtesy Xendo Manufacturing). (pharmaceutical-technology.com)

for the determination of 1-1-complexes of trivalent metal ions. (uni-marburg.de)
The analysis of the water (by gas chromatography) and the determination of the cholinesterase activity of the blood was done in the University of Cluj. (romanianrevolutionofdecember1989.com)

1. Cation of electrolyte are replaced by hydrogen ion. (gpatindia.com)
The technique is divided between anion-exchange and cation-exchange chromatography. (thermofisher.com)
This page shows volatile and non-volatile buffer suggestions for anion and cation exchange chromatography. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Phosphoryl cation exchange with biomolecules is intuitively straightforward. (bioprocessintl.com)
It follows the same rationale as cation exchange on familiar chromatography media such as carboxy- and sulfo-based cation exchangers. (bioprocessintl.com)
Using SIELC's newly introduced BIST™ method, a mixture of these three aicds can be separated on a negatively-charged, cation-exchange BIST™ A+ column, contrary to conventional chromatographic wisdom. (sielc.com)

MagIC Net automatically evaluates this value, and a warning message will inform you that it is time to check the system and to exchange the membrane. (metrohm.com)

Schematic of a flame ionization detector for gas chromatography. (wikimili.com)
It is frequently used as a detector in gas chromatography . (wikimili.com)

To detect these ions, two electrodes are used to provide a potential difference. (wikimili.com)

It is also used to exchange a sample's buffer composition. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Chromatography is used primarily to separate components of a mixture so that they can be identified or collected. (thoughtco.com)
Chromatography is a lab technique for separating components from a mixture. (excedr.com)

La présente étude en Jordanie visait à comparer l'efficacité de l'insuline humaine prémélangée (BHI30) à celle de l'analogue de l'insuline prémélangé (BIAsp30) ainsi que les événements indésirables pour deux substances chez des patients atteints de diabète de type 2. (who.int)
The most important functions of cells include transportation of substances, energy exchange, and transmission of information. (dojindo.com)

and the exchange capacity of the column. (uni-marburg.de)

Most commonly, the FID is attached to a gas chromatography system. (wikimili.com)
They are often introduced to the ionization source in the form of an effluent from a gas chromatography (GC) system or are volatilized by heating a solid sample in situ within the ionization chamber. (technologynetworks.com)

A handful measures and protocols for 1960s and 1970s (Parascandola, of countries and jurisdictions have evaluation, so that the impact of 20 5), and it to k decades before already adopted legislation requirng future regulations can be as es ed. epidemiologic studies provided reporting and testing of tobac o In 19 9, a WHO Conference on the definitve evidence that changes in product contents and emis ions. (who.int)

Chromatography is a way of separating two or more chemical compounds. (medlineplus.gov)
One way it can accomplish this is by fragmenting chemical bonds to produce a more stable ion. (technologynetworks.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs112

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment64

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care4

Characterization and partial purification of a novel neutrophil membrane-associated kinase capable of phosphorylating the respiratory burst component p47phox. (1/6642)

Physical characterization of a low-charge glycoform of the MUC5B mucin comprising the gel-phase of an asthmatic respiratory mucous plug. (2/6642)

An improved method for the structural profiling of keratan sulfates: analysis of keratan sulfates from brain and ovarian tumors. (3/6642)

Purification and identification of a novel subunit of protein serine/threonine phosphatase 4. (4/6642)

Recombinant human peroxisomal targeting signal receptor PEX5. Structural basis for interaction of PEX5 with PEX14. (5/6642)

Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Purification and characterization of the 60 S ribosomal subunit proteins L4, L5, L7, L9, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22, L23, L26, L27, L30, L33, L35', L37, and L39. (6/6642)

Acid-catalyzed lactonization of alpha2,8-linked oligo/polysialic acids studied by high performance anion-exchange chromatography. (7/6642)

Human triclonal anti-IgG gammopathy. I. Iso-electric focusing characteristics of the IgG, IgA and IgM anti-IgG and their heavy and light chains. (8/6642)

Ion Exchange Resins

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Chromatography, Affinity

Chromatography, Gel

Chromatography

Molecular Weight

Chromatography, Gas

Chromatography, Liquid

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Anion Exchange Resins

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Kinetics

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Amino Acids

Amino Acid Sequence

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose

Molecular Sequence Data

Cation Exchange Resins

Ion Channels

Mass Spectrometry

Substrate Specificity

Chromatography, Agarose

Cattle

Carbohydrates

Deuterium Exchange Measurement

Sodium

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Potassium Isotopes

Pulmonary Gas Exchange

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Ion Transport

Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood

Protein Binding

Rabbits

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Temperature

Isoelectric Focusing

Sister Chromatid Exchange

Peptide Fragments

Trypsin

Chlorides

Chemistry

Escherichia coli

Chemical Phenomena

Isoelectric Point

Macromolecular Substances

Binding Sites

Chemical Fractionation

Drug Stability

Peptides

Calcium

Ion Channel Gating

Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Protein Conformation

Methods

Immunodiffusion

Liver

Oligosaccharides

Hydrolysis

Potassium

Chromatography, Reverse-Phase

Solubility

Base Sequence

Recombinant Proteins

Mathematics

Magnesium

Heavy Ions

Cations

Cell Line

Hydrogen

Cell Membrane

Carrier Proteins

Chromatography, Paper

Sulfates

Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Cloning, Molecular

Borohydrides