Chromatography gel. Medical search

Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.

A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

A chromatography technique in which the stationary phase is composed of a non-polar substance with a polar mobile phase, in contrast to normal-phase chromatography in which the stationary phase is a polar substance with a non-polar mobile phase.

Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A method of separation of two or more substances by repeated distribution between two immiscible liquid phases that move past each other in opposite directions. It is a form of liquid-liquid chromatography. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

A hybrid separation technique combining both chromatographic and electrophoretic separation principles. While the method was invented to separate neutral species, it can also be applied to charged molecules such as small peptides.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The development and use of techniques and equipment to study or perform chemical reactions, with small quantities of materials, frequently less than a milligram or a milliliter.

A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Proteins which contain carbohydrate groups attached covalently to the polypeptide chain. The protein moiety is the predominant group with the carbohydrate making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.

High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions with anions.

Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

An extraction method that separates analytes using a solid phase and a liquid phase. It is used for preparative sample cleanup before analysis by CHROMATOGRAPHY and other analytical methods.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic moiety such as an acylglycerol (see GLYCERIDES), a sphingoid, a ceramide (CERAMIDES) (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. (From IUPAC's webpage)

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Medicated dosage forms for topical application in the vagina. A cream is a semisolid emulsion containing suspended or dissolved medication; a foam is a dispersion of a gas in a medicated liquid resulting in a light, frothy mass; a jelly is a colloidal semisolid mass of a water soluble medicated material, usually translucent.

Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula CnH2nOn. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Electrophoresis in which various denaturant gradients are used to induce nucleic acids to melt at various stages resulting in separation of molecules based on small sequence differences including SNPs. The denaturants used include heat, formamide, and urea.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A CHROMATOGRAPHY method using supercritical fluid, usually carbon dioxide under very high pressure (around 73 atmospheres or 1070 psi at room temperature) as the mobile phase. Other solvents are sometimes added as modifiers. This is used both for analytical (SFC) and extraction (SFE) purposes.

Field of chemistry that pertains to immunological phenomena and the study of chemical reactions related to antigen stimulation of tissues. It includes physicochemical interactions between antigens and antibodies.

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

A genus of bacteria that form a nonfragmented aerial mycelium. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. This genus is responsible for producing a majority of the ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS of practical value.

An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.

Electrophoresis in which a starch gel (a mixture of amylose and amylopectin) is used as the diffusion medium.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

Protein or glycoprotein substances of plant origin that bind to sugar moieties in cell walls or membranes. Some carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) from PLANTS also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. Many plant lectins change the physiology of the membrane of BLOOD CELLS to cause agglutination, mitosis, or other biochemical changes. They may play a role in plant defense mechanisms.

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.

Oligosaccharides containing two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.

Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Streptomyces griseus.

A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Electrophoresis in which discontinuities in both the voltage and pH gradients are introduced by using buffers of different composition and pH in the different parts of the gel column. The term 'disc' was originally used as an abbreviation for 'discontinuous' referring to the buffers employed, and does not have anything to do with the shape of the separated zones.

The isolation and partial characterization of the serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of the rainbow trout. (1/13503)

1. VLD (very-low-density), LD (low-density) and HD (high-density) lipoproteins were isolated from the serum of trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). 2. Each lipoprotein class resembled that of the human in immunological reactivity, electrophoretic behaviour and appearance in the electron microscope. Trout LD lipoprotein, however, was of greater density than human LD lipoprotein. 3. The trout lipoproteins have lipid compositions which are similar to those of the corresponding human components, except for their high contents of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. 4. HD and LD lipoproteins were immunologically non-identical, whereas LD lipoproteins possessed antigenic determinants in common with VLD lipoproteins. 5. VLD and HD lipoproteins each contained at least seven different apoproteins, whereas LD liprotein was composed largely of a single apoprotein which resembled human apolipoprotein B. 6. At least one, and possibly three, apoprotein of trout HD lipoprotein showed features which resemble human apoprotein A-1.7. The broad similarity between the trout and human lipoprotein systems suggests that both arose from common ancestral genes early in evolutionary history. (+info)

A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis. (2/13503)

A sodium deoxycholate extract containing glucosyltransferase activity was obtained from a particulate preparation from Euglena gracilis. It transferred glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose into material that was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. This material released beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan oligosaccharides into solution on incubation with weak acid, weak alkali and beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucosidase. The products of the incubation of the deoxycholate extract with UDP-[14C]glucose were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Radioactive bands were obtained that had the properties of beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan covalently linked to protein by a bond labile to weak acid. High-molecular-weight material containing a beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan was also shown to be present by gel filtration. The bond linking glucan to aglycone is possibly a pyrophosphate linkage. It is proposed that in Euglena gracilis beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan (paramylon) is synthesized on a protein primer. (+info)

Axin prevents Wnt-3a-induced accumulation of beta-catenin. (3/13503)

When Axin, a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, was expressed in COS cells, it coeluted with glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), beta-catenin, and adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) in a high molecular weight fraction on gel filtration column chromatography. In this fraction, GSK-3beta, beta-catenin, and APC were co-precipitated with Axin. Although beta-catenin was detected in the high molecular weight fraction in L cells on gel filtration column chromatography, addition of conditioned medium expressing Wnt-3a to the cells increased beta-catenin in the low molecular weight fraction. However, Wnt-3a-dependent accumulation of beta-catenin was greatly inhibited in L cells stably expressing Axin. Axin also suppressed Wnt-3a-dependent activation of Tcf-4 which binds to beta-catenin and acts as a transcription factor. These results suggest that Axin forms a complex with GSK-3beta, beta-catenin, and APC, resulting in the stimulation of the degradation of beta-catenin and that Wnt-3a induces the dissociation of beta-catenin from the Axin complex and accumulates beta-catenin. (+info)

Isolation and complete covalent structure of liver microsomal paraoxonase. (4/13503)

Paraoxonase (PON1) is a serum esterase exclusively associated with high-density lipoproteins; it might confer protection against coronary artery disease by destroying pro-inflammatory oxidized lipids in oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Here I show that rabbit liver microsomes contain a PON analogue (MsPON) and report the isolation and complete covalent structure of MsPON. In detergent-solubilized microsomes, MsPON co-purifies with the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP) complex. MsPON was separated from the complex and purified to homogeneity under non-denaturing conditions. Automated sequence analysis of intact MsPON and peptides obtained from enzymic and chemical cleavages led to the elucidation of the complete covalent structure of MsPON. The protein is a single polypeptide consisting of 350 residues. The sequence of rabbit liver microsomal MsPON is 60% identical with that of rabbit serum PON1, and 84% identical with the sequence predicted by a human cDNA of unknown function, designated PON3. MsPON has a hydrophobic segment at the N-terminus that might serve to anchor the protein to the microsomal membrane or to the MTP complex. Unlike in the serum enzyme, two potential N-glycan acceptor sites in MsPON are not glycosylated. An absence of N-glycans was also indicated in the rabbit liver MTP. MsPON has a single free cysteine residue at position 38 and a disulphide bond between Cys-279 and Cys-348. The microsomal enzyme lacks three residues at the N-terminus that are present in the serum protein. MsPON lacks four residues at the C-terminus that are present in the rabbit serum protein but absent from human serum PON1. On the basis of the observation that MsPON displays a high degree of similarity with serum PON1, it is proposed that MsPON might have a function related to that of PON1 in serum high-density lipoprotein complexes. (+info)

Simultaneous antisense inhibition of two starch-synthase isoforms in potato tubers leads to accumulation of grossly modified amylopectin. (5/13503)

A chimaeric antisense construct was used to reduce the activities of the two major starch-synthase isoforms in potato tubers simultaneously. A range of reductions in total starch-synthase activities were found in the resulting transgenic plants, up to a maximum of 90% inhibition. The reduction in starch-synthase activity had a profound effect on the starch granules, which became extremely distorted in appearance compared with the control lines. Analysis of the starch indicated that the amounts produced in the tubers, and the amylose content of the starch, were not affected by the reduction in activity. In order to understand why the starch granules were distorted, amylopectin was isolated and the constituent chain lengths analysed. This indicated that the amylopectin was very different to that of the control. It contained more chains of fewer than 15 glucose units in length, and fewer of between 15 and 80 glucose units. In addition, the amylopectin contained more very long chains. Amylopectin from plants repressed in just one of the activities of the two starch-synthase isoforms, which we have reported upon previously, were also analysed. Using a technique different to that used previously we show that both isoforms also affect the amylopectin, but in a way that is different to when both isoforms are repressed together. (+info)

Purification and characterization of an alpha-galactosyltransferase from Trypanosoma brucei. (6/13503)

A membrane-associated galactosyltransferase from Trypanosoma brucei was purified 34000-fold by affinity chromatography on UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharosetrade mark. Using SDS/PAGE under reducing conditions, the isolated enzyme ran as a relatively broad band with apparent molecular masses of 53 kDa and 52 kDa, indicative of glycosylation and the existence of two isoforms. N-Glycosylation of the enzyme was subsequently confirmed using Western blotting and either specific binding of concanavalin A or peptide-N4-(N-acetylglucosaminyl)asparagine amidase digestion. The de-N-glycosylated enzyme ran with apparent molecular masses of 51 kDa and 50 kDa, indicative of a single N-glycosylation site. The galactosyltransferase exhibited a pH optimum at 7.2 and had a pronounced requirement for Mn2+ ions (KM=2.5 mM) for its action. The transferase activity was independent of the concentration of Triton X-100. The enzyme was capable of transferring galactose from UDP-galactose to a variety of galactose-based acceptors in alpha-glycosidic linkages. The apparent KM values for UDP-galactose and for the preferred acceptor substrate N-acetyl-lactosamine are 46 microM and 4.5 mM respectively. From these results we would like to suggest that the galactosyltransferase functions in the processing of terminal N-acetyl-lactosamine structures of trypanosomal glycoproteins. (+info)

Biophysical characterization of the structure of the amino-terminal region of gp41 of HIV-1. Implications on viral fusion mechanism. (7/13503)

A peptide of 51 amino acids corresponding to the NH2-terminal region (5-55) of the glycoprotein gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was synthesized to study its conformation and assembly. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments indicated the sequence NH2-terminal to the leucine zipper-like domain of gp41 was induced into helix in the micellar solution, in agreement with circular dichroism data. Light scattering experiment showed that the peptide molecules self-assembled in water into trimeric structure on average. That the peptide molecules oligomerize in aqueous solution was supported by gel filtration and diffusion coefficient experiments. Molecular dynamics simulation based on the NMR data revealed a flexible region adjacent to the hydrophobic NH2 terminus of gp41. The biological significance of the present findings on the conformational flexibility and the propensity of oligomerization of the peptide may be envisioned by a proposed model for the interaction of gp41 with membranes during fusion process. (+info)

Purification and identification of a novel subunit of protein serine/threonine phosphatase 4. (8/13503)

The catalytic subunit of protein serine/threonine phosphatase 4 (PP4C) has greater than 65% amino acid identity to the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2AC). Despite this high homology, PP4 does not appear to associate with known PP2A regulatory subunits. As a first step toward characterization of PP4 holoenzymes and identification of putative PP4 regulatory subunits, PP4 was purified from bovine testis soluble extracts. PP4 existed in two complexes of approximately 270-300 and 400-450 kDa as determined by gel filtration chromatography. The smaller PP4 complex was purified by sequential phenyl-Sepharose, Source 15Q, DEAE2, and Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatographies. The final product contained two major proteins: the PP4 catalytic subunit plus a protein that migrated as a doublet of 120-125 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The associated protein, termed PP4R1, and PP4C also bound to microcystin-Sepharose. Mass spectrometry analysis of the purified complex revealed two major peaks, at 35 (PP4C) and 105 kDa (PP4R1). Amino acid sequence information of several peptides derived from the 105 kDa protein was utilized to isolate a human cDNA clone. Analysis of the predicted amino acid sequence revealed 13 nonidentical repeats similar to repeats found in the A subunit of PP2A (PP2AA). The PP4R1 cDNA clone engineered with an N-terminal Myc tag was expressed in COS M6 cells and PP4C co-immunoprecipitated with Myc-tagged PP4R1. These data indicate that one form of PP4 is similar to the core complex of PP2A in that it consists of a catalytic subunit and a "PP2AA-like" structural subunit. (+info)

Helmut, D. Gel Chromatography, Gel Filtration, Gel Permeation, Molecular Sieves: A Laboratory Handbook; Springer-Verlag, 1969. ... Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a type of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), that separates analytes on the basis of ... Gel permeation chromatography is conducted almost exclusively in chromatography columns. The experimental design is not much ... The term gel permeation chromatography can be traced back to J.C. Moore of the Dow Chemical Company who investigated the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_permeation_chromatography

Cytiva Animation of desalting using gel filtration chromatography Porath, J; Flodin P (13 June 1959). "Gel Filtration: A method ... These methods are based on gel filtration chromatography, also called molecular sieve chromatography, which is a form of size- ... exclusion chromatography. Desalting and buffer exchange are two of the most common gel filtration chromatography applications, ... There are a number of common formats for performing gel filtration for smaller (less than 4mL) volumes: Chromatography columns ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalting_and_buffer_exchange

... the technique is known as gel-filtration chromatography, versus the name gel permeation chromatography, which is used when an ... Striegel A, Yau WW, Kirkland JJ, Bly DD (2009). Modern Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography: Practice of Gel Permeation and Gel ... While Lathe and Ruthven used starch gels as the matrix, Jerker Porath and Per Flodin later introduced dextran gels; other gels ... Moore JC (1964). "Gel permeation chromatography. I. A new method for molecular weight distribution of high polymers". J Polym ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Size-exclusion_chromatography

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis Vékey, Károly; Vertes, Akos; Telekes, András (2008). Medical Applications of Mass ... Two dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) combines two separate analyses of liquid chromatography into one data analysis. ... Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a two-dimensional chromatography technique that combines the separation ... There are two major classifications of 2D liquid chromatography. These include: Comprehensive 2D liquid chromatography (LCxLC) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-dimensional_chromatography

Gel permeation chromatography Ahmed, Hafiz (2004). Principles and Reactions of Protein Extraction, Purification, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepharose

Hjertén S (1963). ""Molecular-sieve" electrophoresis in cross-linked polyacrylamide gels". Journal of Chromatography A. 11: 66- ... As a result, the prepared gel is homogeneous (in terms of homogeneous distribution of cross-links throughout the gel sample), ... Overheating of the gel is impeded by internal cooling of the gel column and by generating a constant power (see figure ... "Improved separation of palladium species in biological matrices by using a combination of gel permeation chromatography and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QPNC-PAGE

by silica gel column and counter-current chromatography". Journal of Chromatography B. 929: 6-10. doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinokinin

The agarose is gelled at 4 °C and the coverslip removed. The agarose forms a matrix of carbohydrate fibres that encapsulate the ... Journal of Chromatography B. 722 (1-2): 225-254. doi:10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00313-2. PMID 10068143. Singh, N.P.; McCoy, M.T.; ... The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE, also known as comet assay) is an uncomplicated and sensitive technique for the ... Gedik, C. M.; Ewen, S. W.; Collins, A. R. (September 1992). "Single-cell gel electrophoresis applied to the analysis of UV-C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_assay

"Material Harvest Silica Gel for Normal Phase Column Chromatography". Material Harvest. 2008. Retrieved 3 Jan 2019. Fair, JD; ... High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for column chromatography using high pressure. Fast protein liquid chromatography ... Flash Column Chromatography Guide (pdf) Radial Flow Chromatography (Chromatography, Laboratory techniques). ... The most common stationary phase for column chromatography is silica gel, the next most common being alumina. Cellulose powder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column_chromatography

The chiral ligand is recovered quantitatively by silica gel chromatography. The chiral (acyloxy) borane (CAB) complex is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_Lewis_acid

... acterization Polyolefin Gel permeation chromatography / Size Exclusion Chromatography Polymer science Polymer ... Molar mass distribution GPC-IR: high temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for polyolefin molar mass distribution. It ... Data Unit 200: signals device for gel permeation chromatography instruments. GPC-QC: simplified and fully automated GPC ... instrument to analyze the polyolefin bivariate distribution by TREF and gel permeation chromatography. SGIC 2D: 3D results with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_Char

... s are purified by column chromatography on silica gel. To warrant the stability of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside_phosphoramidite

"Characterization of proteins and other macromolecules by agarose gel chromatography". Journal of Chromatography A. 152 (1): 21- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_serum_albumin

Professor Ackers invented agarose gel chromatography when he was a teenager. He went on the develop analytical gel ... chromatography methods for determinations of many important characteristics of water-soluble proteins; diffusion coefficient, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Ackers

Using column chromatography to separate the neutral compounds according to their ratio-of-fronts values. Gel electrophoresis, ... it will remain strongly adsorbed to the silica gel or alumina. Ion exchange chromatography can separate acids, bases, or ... Alternatives to acid-base extraction include: Filtering the mixture through a plug of silica gel or alumina - if the product is ... Acid-base extraction is a simple alternative to more complex methods like chromatography. Note that it is not possible to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid–base_extraction

In chemistry, silica gel is used in chromatography as a stationary phase. In column chromatography, the stationary phase is ... Silica gel is also applied to aluminium, glass, or plastic sheets for thin layer chromatography. The hydroxy (OH) groups on the ... The differences in particle size dictate if the silica gel should be used for flash or gravity chromatography. In this ... Silica gel is also combined with alkali metals to form a M-SG reducing agent. (See SiGNa chemistry) Silica gel is not expected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silica_gel

... the molar mass of which can be determined by gel permeation chromatography. The process provides reproducible polysuccinimide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysuccinimide

Techniques in experimental biochemistry: Colorimetry, spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, pH determination, gel ... electrophoresis, chromatography. THIRD PHASE: The third year was devoted to specialization in a chosen field of anatomy, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science_in_Human_Biology

Gewehr, Markus; Nakamura, Katsunori; Ise, Norio; Kitano, Hiromi (1992). "Gel permeation chromatography using porous glass beads ... size exclusion chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography separations as well as pseudo-solid ... The research that appeared to spark an onslaught of modified applications was a gel permeation chromatography technique of ... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography requires high concentration salt elutions and eluent cleaning to remove the salt. To ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoresponsive_polymers_in_chromatography

"A high performance gel filtration chromatography method for gamma-glutamyltransferase fraction analysis". Analytical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-glutamyltransferase

Keene P. Dimick Award in Chromatography, Third International Symposium on Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Award for ... Novotny was recognized for the development of PAGE Polyacrylamide Gel-filled Capillaries for Capillary Electrophoresis in 1993 ... Tswett Award and Medal in Chromatography; American Chemical Society Award in Chromatography; ISCO Award in Biochemical ... "ACS Award in Chromatography". acs.org. Retrieved November 22, 2019. "ANACHEM". anachem.org. Retrieved November 22, 2019. "LCGC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milos_Novotny

Stokes radii are often determined experimentally by gel-permeation or gel-filtration chromatography. They are useful in ... Uversky, V.N. (1993). "Use of Fast Protein Size-exclusion Liquid Chromatography to Study the Unfolding of Proteins Which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes_radius

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis allows to separate monomers from larger PCO molecules. Monomers of procyanidins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procyanidin

... anion exchange chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. The recovered purified ... Sepharose fast flow ion exchange and sepharose fast flow chromatography procedures are run, and 3) gel filtration is run. The ... Chromatography is a physical method of separation that distributes the components you want to separate between two phases, one ... There is one big drawback in using chromatography, which has to do with the economics of the process. Although the method was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatography_in_blood_processing

The fragments can be purified by gel filtration, ion exchange, or affinity chromatography. Fab and F(ab')2 antibody fragments ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepsin

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis allows separation of monomers from larger proanthocyanidin molecules. Monomers of ... galloyl glucoses and ellagitannins fit on a single calibration curve in high performance-gel permeation chromatography". ... Journal of Chromatography A. 1218 (43): 7804-7812. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.082. PMID 21930278. Engström, M. T.; Pälijärvi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proanthocyanidin

1990) with the help of membrane ultra filtration and C-75 gel chromatography. He purified enzyme with 70-fold increased ... which shows a 7.5-fold increases in its activity after DEAE cellulose column chromatography. The enzyme-activity was inhibited ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinase

Although Helmchen's postulates are specific for amides on silica gel using liquid chromatography, the postulates provide ... Chromatography also has many variations (e.g. HPLC, Gas Chromatography, flash chromatography) with a wide array of ... Diastereomers bind to surfaces (silica gel in normal phase chromatography) mainly with hydrogen bonding. Significant resolution ... In general, chromatography can be used to separate chiral compounds to bypass difficult crystallizations and/or to collect all ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiral_derivatizing_agent

Sol-Gel Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Coatings for Capillary Microextraction and Gas Chromatography". Anal. Chem. 79 (24): 9441-9451 ... the silica stationary phase in some gas chromatography columns can be replaced by GeO2. In recent years germanium has seen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium

... was separated from the other compounds by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Apamin is a polypeptide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apamin

The gel electrophoresis working group also focuses on image analysis with the gel image informatics recommendation that is ... Two documents concerning column chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are in the early draft stages and the Sample ... The gel electrophoresis working group defined reporting requirements for gel electrophoresis experiments. The document is at ... "MIAPE Gel Electrophoresis working group page". HUPO Proteomics Standards Initiative. Retrieved 2009-04-23. "MIAPE Sample ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomics_Standards_Initiative

In 1975, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) was described by O'Farrell and Klose with the ability to ... starts with the proteins in the mixture being digested and the resulting peptides are separated by liquid chromatography. ... proteomics techniques in identifying proteins in complex mixtures using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun_proteomics

This facility analyzes degradation products through gel permeation chromatography and separates different molecular weight ... The PNRI developed a polyvinylpyrrolidone carrageenan dressing: a fully permanent gel in a form of a sheet that is 3-4mm thick ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Nuclear_Research_Institute

Various techniques including DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis), DHPLC (Denaturing High Performance Liquid ... Chromatography), and SSCA (Single Strand Conformation Analysis) effectively identify SNPs and small insertions and deletions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplex_ligation-dependent_probe_amplification

... gel electrophoresis - gene - gene expression - gene pool - gene regulatory network - genetic carrier - genetic code - genetic ... chromatography - chromosomal crossover - chromosome - chromosome walking - cilium - circular dichroism - cis face - citric acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

Most commonly, a combination of chromatography steps is employed for separation. The purified enzymes are either sold in pure ... Immobilization using entrapment relies on trapping enzymes within gels or fibers, using non-covalent interactions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_enzymes

... air drying the aerial parts and ground roots of plant followed by n-hexane extraction and column chromatography over silica gel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelicin

Fluorescence Studies of Dansyl-Labeled Poly(iV-isopropylacrylamide)Gels and Polymers in Mixed Water/Methanol Solutions. ... "Dansylation of amino acids for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis". Anal. Biochem. 115 (1): 123-9. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dansyl_amide

"Simple and Precise Preparation of a Porous Gel for a Colorimetric Glucose Sensor by a Templating Technique". Angewandte Chemie ... "On-chip Fabry-Pérot interferometric sensors for micro-gas chromatography detection". Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 159 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photonic_crystal_sensor

Ehmann, A. (1977). "The van URK-Salkowski reagent - a sensitive and specific chromogenic reagent for silica gel thin-layer ... Journal of Chromatography A. 1216 (20): 4485-91. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.026. PMID 19339019. Meudt, W. J.; Gaines, T. P. ( ... chromatographic detection and identification of indole derivatives" (PDF). Journal of Chromatography A. 132 (2): 267-276. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

Glucans from carbohydrate chromatography matrices can also lead to false positives. Since 2003, a synthetic substitute for the ... The differences in these variations refer to the characteristics of the amoebocyte/endtoxin reaction (e.g. gel-clot produces a ... Cation exchange chromatography has been shown to effectively purify β-interferon. (Dembinski, et al.) Because the molecular ... Example of using anion exchange chromatography to purify albumin: 2% of the endotoxin does not bind to the column. However, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depyrogenation

... and learning research techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In 1989 ... Raguso learned to collect and analyze floral volatiles, mastering gas chromatography and molecular spectroscopy (GC-MS) as he ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Raguso

The venom can be fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and the sub-fractions can be further separated by HPLC reverse- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandinus_imperator_(Pi3)_toxin

Immunoassay Luckey JA, Drossman H, Kostichka T, Smith LM (1993). "High-speed DNA sequencing by capillary gel electrophoresis". ... Smith SM (2011). "Strategies for the purification of membrane proteins". Protein Chromatography. Methods in Molecular Biology. ... Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 829 (1-2): 1-25. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand_binding_assay

With a bit of skill, Pasteur pipettes may also be used for microscale column chromatography. With appropriately fine silica gel ... University of Colorado at Boulder, Procedure for Microscale Flash Column Chromatography Archived 2013-05-24 at the Wayback ... the bulb may be squeezed for microscale flash column chromatography. Pasteur pipettes can also be used for microscale ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_dropper

... determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography, GPC Shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) Peel adhesion failure temperature ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_poly_alpha_olefin

... gel electrophoresis with polyethylene glycol, affinity chromatography, and aggregation using DTT, though these methods are more ... Journal of Chromatography. B, Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences. 861 (1): 29-39. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RuBisCO

The molecular weight of AT was found to be 218 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. AT is a glycoprotein. It has 86% ... In non-denaturing gels this enzyme protein exhibited a molecular mass of 160 kDa, while in sodium dodecyl sulfate- ... These two enzymes were reported to be distinguishable by their molecular weight, behavior in ion-exchange chromatography and ... polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) it showed a mass of 80 kDa. This hydrolase enzyme is specific for trehalose. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trehalase

... was successfully isolated from O. Hannah venom by gel filtration and cation-exchange chromatography. Its molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophanin

Demain said that he and Phaff "apparently were the first in the world to carry out affinity chromatography, using a pectic acid ... gel to selectively adsorb YPG from culture filtrates." Demain received his Ph.D. in 1954. In early 1954, Demain moved to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Demain

... is a corticosteroid that is available as a pill, by injection, and as an ointment, cream, lotion, gel, or aerosol ... "Differentiation of betamethasone and dexamethasone using liquid chromatography/positive electrospray tandem mass spectrometry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betamethasone

1991). "Low-cost, high-sensitivity laser-induced fluorescence detection for DNA sequencing by capillary gel electrophoresis". ... Journal of Chromatography. 559 (1-2): 237-246. doi:10.1016/0021-9673(91)80074-Q. PMID 1761625. History of National Mole Day ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mole_(unit)

The gel and encapsulated stem cells was to be injected to the site of disease and crosslinked to create the microenvironment ... Polyethylene glycol is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid ... They propose using the hydrogel to address periodontitis (gum disease) by encapsulating stem cells in the gel that promote ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene_glycol

Silicone gel can be applied to badly burned patients to reduce scarring. Salts of germanium are potentially harmful to humans ... Ion Chromatography, John Wiley & Sons, New York, ISBN 3-527-61325-0 Gary S 2013, 'Poisoned Alloy' the Metal of the Future', ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalloid

The three samples are mixed and loaded onto IEF (isolectric focusing chromatography) for first dimension and the strip is ... this method reduces inter-gel variation. PROTOMAP Unlü M, Morgan ME, Minden JS. Difference gel electrophoresis: a single gel ... After the gel electrophoresis, the gel is scanned with the excitation wavelength of each dye one after the other, so each ... Difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) is a form of gel electrophoresis where up to three different protein samples can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_gel_electrophoresis

C-PC is isolated with centrifugation and purified with ammonium sulfate precipitation or chromatography -either ion or gel- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phycocyanin

... the typical PMF samples are isolated proteins from two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D gels) or isolated SDS-PAGE bands. ... support for on-line liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis of peptides and proteins". Analytical Chemistry. 70 ... Henzel WJ, Billeci TM, Stults JT, Wong SC, Grimley C, Watanabe C (1993). "Identifying proteins from two-dimensional gels by ... Then, bands would be extracted from the gel and sequenced, automatically. A recurring problem in the process was that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptide_mass_fingerprinting

For example, organomercurial agarose gel or gel beads are used to isolate thiolated compounds (such as thiouridine) in a ... This mode of action makes them useful for affinity chromatography to separate thiol-containing compounds from complex mixtures ... "Separation of Newly-Synthesized RNA by Organomercurial Agarose Affinity Chromatography". J. Biochem. 81 (5): 1247-1252. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organomercury

Conversely, alcohol-based gels are more water-soluble and may rapidly distribute into the microcirculation of the skin and then ... Comparative studies using reliable and exact methods such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and IA in ... Transdermal progesterone is usually supplied in the form of creams and water-based gels, and the studies in which very low ... In one study that used an oil-based cream or water-based gel, salivary and fingertip capillary blood levels of progesterone ...

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Analytical gel permeation chromatography is the type of size exclusion chromatography. Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography ... Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography is also known as Gel filtration chromatography. Analytical Gel Permeation ... www.factmr.com/report/2559/analytical-gel-permeation-chromatography-market Analytical gel permeation chromatography market ... that s why Analytical gel permeation chromatography market is in progress. Analytical gel permeation chromatography technique ...

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Rapid miniaturized chromatography for Tc-99m IDA agents: Comparison with gel chromatography. ... Dive into the research topics of Rapid miniaturized chromatography for Tc-99m IDA agents: Comparison with gel chromatography ...

https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/rapid-miniaturized-chromatography-for-tc-99m-ida-agents-compariso/fingerprints/

... ... Liquid Chromatography (LC/HPLC)Gas Chromatography (GC)Sample PreparationMass SpectrometryPharmaceutical AnalysisEnvironmental ... View MoreLiquid Chromatography (LC/HPLC)Gas Chromatography (GC)Sample PreparationMass SpectrometryPharmaceutical Analysis ... and analysis of this parameter by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is vital for research and quality control. The main ...

https://www.chromatographyonline.com/view/analysis-carbon-filled-polyethylene-advanced-triple-detection-high-temperature-gel-permeation-chroma

The results of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) designated more molecular weight of carbohydrate polymer extracted using NSF ... Discrimination of two early and late ripening cherry cultivars, using chemical indices and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) ... using chemical indices and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Acta Hortic. 1275, 69-74. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2020.1275.10 ... using chemical indices and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) ...

https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/1275_10

G-250 stain for visualizing protein bands on polyacrylamide gels. This stain eliminates ... Chromatography. Chromatography. *Autosampler Vial Crimpers and Decappers. *Autosampler Vials, Caps, and Closures ... Protein Gel Electrophoresis, Protein Gel Staining and Imaging, Proteins, Expression, Isolation and Analysis ... G-250 stain for visualizing protein bands on polyacrylamide gels. This stain eliminates extensive solution preparation time and ...

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keywords = "Corn, Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Gel permeation chromatography, Triadimefon, Triadimenol-a, Triadimenol- ... triadimenol-b in corn by gel permeation chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Fenxi Huaxue, 33(10), 1442- ... triadimenol-b in corn by gel permeation chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Fenxi Huaxue, vol. 33, no. 10 ... triadimenol-b in corn by gel permeation chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In: Fenxi Huaxue. 2005 ; Vol. ...

https://researchwith.montclair.edu/en/publications/determination-of-residual-triadimefon-triadimenol-a-triadimenol-b

Home / Services / Analytical Services / Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) ...

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NEATmet offers multiple payment methods - UPI, Internet Banking, Debit / Credit Cards, Wallets etc.. The Payment Gateway partners use secure encryption technology to keep the transaction details confidential at all the times.. ...

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This type of analysis is also known as Size Exclusion Chromatography. ... About Gel Permeation Chromatography. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), also known as Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), ... Gel Permeation Chromatography , Size Exclusion Chromatography (GPC,SEC). Size Exclusion Chromatography and Gel Permeation ... As stated by Jason Todd, one of our Chromatography Experts, The use of HFIP as a GPC solvent allows us to provide high quality ...

https://www.polymersolutions.com/capabilities/size-exclusion-chromatography-gel-permeation-chromatography-lab-analysis

Gel Permeation Chromatography is one of the workhorse techniques for polymer characterization, which is used to measure ... Filed Under: Uncategorized, White Papers Tagged With: dn/dc, dndc, Gel Permeation Chromatography, GPC, refractive index ... 1) Gel Permeation Chromatography requires that solutions be dilute to the point that polymer molecules do not interact. Since ... Anyone using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) would benefit from this approach, which uses Refractive Index measurements to ...

https://rudolphresearch.com/es/measurement-of-concentration-dependence-of-refractive-index-to-enhance-gel-permeation-chromatography-for-polymer-characterization/

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose * Chromatography, Gel * Chromatography, Paper * Clostridium / enzymology* * Electrophoresis * ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4399881/?dopt=Abstract

Silica Gel 70-230 mesh size is a special grade with a combination of large to small-sized particles of silica gel. Mesh for ... Silica Gel Column Chromatography. Silica gel 70 - 230 mesh size. Silica Gel 70-230 Mesh size is a particular grade with a ... We are striving to offer silica gel to our fellow chemists. We have been the distributor of silica gel for the last 40 years, ... combination of large to small-sized particles of Silica Gel. This grade is most suitable for gravitational separations of ...

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The modified silica gels were evaluated for the usefulness as high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases for the ... The modified silica gels were evaluated for the usefulness as high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases for the ... The modified silica gels were evaluated for the usefulness as high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases for the ... The modified silica gels were evaluated for the usefulness as high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases for the ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/high-performance-liquid-chromatography-stationary-phases-based-on

These antigens were subjected to gel-filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-200. A sharp peak that eluted together with the ... Gel-filtration chromatography of Salmonella protein antigens and their implication in immunodiagnosis. ... Kanjanahareutai S, Sarasombath S, Sirisinha S. Gel-filtration chromatography of Salmonella protein antigens and their ... subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation with both homologous and heterologous rabbit antisera. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/36782

A prep-SFC column, Princeton SFC SILICA 60A 10u, 21.2 mm ID x 250 mmL, was purchased from Princeton Chromatography Inc., NJ, ... We have developed a novel injection method for preparative supercritical fluid chromatography (Prep-SFC), which is very ... one can evaluate the degree of separation between incomplete separation that is often found in preparative chromatography. ...

https://jascoinc.com/applications/novel-injection-method-in-preparative-supercritical-fluid-chromatography/

Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) - Part 3: Water as eluent ... that are soluble in water by gel permeation chromatography (GPC ... NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC).. This method is applicable to neutral polymers and polyanions (e.g. ...

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Sodium dodecyl sulfate suitable for ion pair chromatography, LiChropur™, ≥99.0%; CAS Number: 151-21-3; EC Number: 205-788-1; ... in measuring protein-SDS complexes and SDS solution in guanidine hydrochloride using gel chromatography. ... in peptide mapping and protein analysis by gel electrophoresis.. *to utilize in designing formulations and its effect on ...

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Total clear protein lysate and ion exchange (IEX) samples and fractions were loaded on SDS-PAGE gel and stained with GelCode ... After immobilized metal affinity chromatography and IEX, the protein purity was estimated to be more than 99%. The protein ... Protein purity was determined using SDS-PAGE and gel staining. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0790-y?error=cookies_not_supported&code=39cd1b3d-a74c-4ebe-abf8-2466aaff3af0

Polymer Characterization Using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and Nuclear MagneticResonance (NMR). Monomer conversion and ... Ahn, S.-K.; Kasi, R.M.; Kim, S.-C.; Sharma, N.; Zhou, Y. Stimuli-responsive polymer gels. Soft Matter 2008, 4, 1151-1157. [ ... Consolidation of Inorganic Precipitated Silica Gel. Next Article in Special Issue. Water-Soluble Stimuli Responsive Star-Shaped ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/3/3/1398

We analyzed the mutant proteins by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine affinity column chromatography, gel mobility shift assay, and ... and the analytical gel-filtration chromatography. Our experimental results clearly show that the enzyme has a semi-ordered ... To confirm this idea, we carried out the kinetic studies, a gel mobility shift assay with a mutant protein disrupted in the ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16963456/

Gas chromatography (GC). *Capillary electrophoresis (CE). *Gel electrophoresis (GE). *Field flow fractionation (FFF) ...

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... mesh Column Chromatography manufacturer in India, Silica Gel 60-120 mesh Column Chromatography (CAS-112926-00-8) supplier & ... Silica Gel 60-120 mesh Column Chromatography MSDS (material safety data sheet) or SDS, COA and Specs.. * Specs ... Leading Manufacturer of Silica Gel 60-120 mesh Column Chromatography , 112926-00-8 ... Silica Gel 60-200 mesh for Resolution of Acidic Mixtures pH of 10% Slurry...4.0-5.5 ...

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The gels were run at 200 V for 50 min. After the run was complete, the gels were washed two times for 10 min in H2O followed by ... The PCR products were excised from the gel (after imaging and size verification) and purified using a 96-well gel-extraction ... with a 26-well comb run on a Criterion Dodeca Cell gel box (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California, USA). Each gel holds the total and ... The band of linearized plasmid was excised and gel-purified using a gel-extraction kit (Qiagen, Valencia, California, USA). The ...

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Silica gel functionalized with imidazolium group via click chemistry - new stationary phase for ion chromatography ... Silica gel with covalently immobilized imidazolium salt as a new stationary phase for ion chromatography. AIP Conf Proc. 2020; ... Silica gel functionalized with imidazolium group via click chemistry - new stationary phase for ion chromatography. ... Ion Chromatography: Principles and Applications, Elsevier: Amsterdam; 1990. 775 p.. Konshin VV, Chuprynina DA, Lupanova IA, ...

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Chromatography. Chromatography. *Autosampler Vial Crimpers and Decappers. *Autosampler Vials, Caps, and Closures ...

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Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Challenges: The challenges in this project are mainly related to the nature of the samples ...

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Differences between silica gel plate and amino silica gel plate used in thin-layer chromatography (TLC)] .We manufacture and ... Silica gel is applied in silica gel TLC and amino silica gel is applied in amino silica gel TLC. The silica gel surface has a " ... Chromatography Q & A] Differences between silica gel plate and amino silica gel plate used in thin-layer chromatography (TLC). ... Chromatography Q & A] Differences between silica gel plate and amino silica gel plate used in thin-layer chromatography (TLC). ...

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Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography is also known as Gel filtration chromatography. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography is a form of Liquid Chromatography. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical gel permeation chromatography is the type of size exclusion chromatography. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography helps in protein fractionation, purification, molecular weight determination and also helps in determination of quaternary structure of purified protein. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography method is most preferable because it has least amount of matter/sample loss. (ukprwire.com)
Pharmaceutical and biotech manufacturers use analytical gel permeation chromatography to analyze the biomolecules or products. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical gel permeation chromatography market players offer the diverse range of systems for purification and separation of polymer and biomolecule analysis. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical gel permeation chromatography market player offers multiple detectors ranging from refractive index to viscometer. (ukprwire.com)
Increasing research and development for new drugs and biomolecules by pharmaceutical and biotech companies are expected to boost the demand for analytical gel permeation chromatography systems. (ukprwire.com)
This technique is broadly used as Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography is one of the most powerful and versatile analytical techniques available. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography technique is readily and quicker to produce the results because it separates mixtures in a single step. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography helps to measure amount of each and every components and relative amount of proportions. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography is very useful tool to biochemists. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography creates difficulty because it might happen sometimes that higher molecular weight sample may removed. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical gel permeation chromatography market player is focusing on development and introduction of the new column, detectors and systems to meet industry demand. (ukprwire.com)
For instance, In 2017 Showa Denko launched five new type of Shodex high-performance liquid chromatography analytical columns for analytical gel permeation chromatography. (ukprwire.com)
Increasing launch of new products for Analytical gel permeation chromatography expected to spur the growth of analytical gel permeation chromatography market. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical Gel permeation chromatography is a technique which is widely used across the world. (ukprwire.com)
As Analytical Gel Permeation Chromatography is in great use from user ends therefore it is in demand as well and manufactured at high pace by companies.Analytical gel permeation chromatography cost is most effective because of using gel. (ukprwire.com)
that s why Analytical gel permeation chromatography market is in progress. (ukprwire.com)
Analytical gel permeation chromatography technique is used for academic purposes as well as in national and private laboratories all over the world especially in North America and in Western Europe. (ukprwire.com)
Polyethylene (PE) properties are highly dependent on the molecular weight, and analysis of this parameter by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is vital for research and quality control. (chromatographyonline.com)
Most of lipids in co-extractives were removed by liquid-liquid extraction and gel permeation chromatography. (montclair.edu)
Size Exclusion Chromatography and Gel Permeation Chromatography are often used interchangeably. (polymersolutions.com)
Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), also known as Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), separates polymer molecules based on their size. (polymersolutions.com)
One of the workhorse techniques for polymer characterization is Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) which is used to measure molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, degree of branching, radius of gyration, solvent power, etc. (rudolphresearch.com)
Indeed, by knowing dn/dC the Recovery Ratio becomes a figure of merit, the closer to 100% the better, indicating valid measurement results, and thus enhancing the Gel Permeation Chromatography technique. (rudolphresearch.com)
1) Gel Permeation Chromatography requires that solutions be dilute to the point that polymer molecules do not interact. (rudolphresearch.com)
Even more compelling, when all of the data are plotted together, it is clear that dn/dC does not depend on intensity of post-processing for the dilute solutions used by the Gel Permeation Chromatography. (rudolphresearch.com)
Anyone using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) would benefit from this approach, which uses Refractive Index measurements to obtain a key GPC parameter. (rudolphresearch.com)
This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values M n (number average) and M w (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in water by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). (iso.org)
combination of gel permeation. (fdocuments.in)
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis allows separation of monomers from larger proanthocyanidin molecules. (wikipedia.org)
The hardest part of any gel permeation chromatography/size-exclusion chromatography (GPC/SEC) separation is selecting the right columns and developing a robust method. (chromatographyonline.com)
Gel permeation chromatography/sizeâ exclusion chromatography (GPC/SEC) is performed to determine the complete molar mass distribution. (chromatographyonline.com)
Also key among Malvern's exhibits for pharmaceutical scientists is the Viscotek TDAmax, a powerful gel permeation/size exclusion chromatography (GPC/SEC) system, which is one of a range of polymer/protein characterization solutions from the company. (labbulletin.com)
The characterization is critical as well, which including infrared spectroscopy, ultra-violet, nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography and wide-angle X-ray diffraction. (cuny.edu)
Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS), UV/visible absorption and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analyses evidenced the presence of PCL chains covalently grafted at CNCs surface, the formation of Ag(0) particles as well as low or moderate molecular weight free PCL chains. (ulaval.ca)

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phases Based on π-π Electron Interaction. (elsevier.com)
The modified silica gels were evaluated for the usefulness as high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phases for the separation of π-electron-rich polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene and phenanthrene. (elsevier.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Stationary Phases Based on π-π Electron Interaction. (elsevier.com)
Pino V, Afonso AM. Surface-bonded ionic liquid stationary phases in high-performance liquid chromatography - a review. (urfu.ru)
Surface confined ionic liquid - A new stationary phase for the separation of ephedrines in high-performance liquid chromatography. (urfu.ru)
Qiu H, Jiang Q, Wei Z, Wang X, Liu X, Jiang S. Preparation and evaluation of a silica-based 1-alkyl-3-(propyl-3-sulfonate) imidazolium zwitterionic stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. (urfu.ru)
Qiu H, Jiang S, Liu X. N-Methylimidazolium anion-exchange stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. (urfu.ru)
Qiu H, Jiang S, Liu X, Zhao L. Novel imidazolium stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. (urfu.ru)
Effect of disease state on ionization during bioanalysis of MK-7009, a selective HCV NS3/NS4 protease inhibitor, in human plasma and human Tween-treated urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. (nchu.edu.tw)

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a thin layer of silica gel, amino silica gel, alumina, polyamide resin, etc. applied on a glass plate. (fujifilm.com)
Merck KGaA Germany) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed using Silica gel 60 F254 (200 × 200 mm) plates (Merck KGaA, Germany). (scirp.org)
The radiolabeling yield of 99m Tc-MAG3-ssDNA (A20) was approximately 90% by radio thin-layer chromatography. (dovepress.com)
Thin-layer chromatography demonstrates one major and one minor phospholipid, and some neutral lipid. (rupress.org)
The reaction can be monitored by using thin-layer chromatography. (pku.edu.cn)

The proteins eluted in the latter peak were arbitrarily divided into 5 fractions and, together with the first peak, subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation with both homologous and heterologous rabbit antisera. (who.int)
in peptide mapping and protein analysis by gel electrophoresis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) was used to isolate proteins from MSCs, cMSCs and ACs before being identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The differentially expressed proteins were then analyzed using image analysis software. (medsci.org)
Proteins were separated by electrophoresis in NaDodSO4/ polyacrylamide gel slabs. (erowid.org)
This first set includes modules on gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, mass spec informatics, and molecular interaction experiments. (genomeweb.com)
More modules, including capillary electrophoresis and column chromatography, are under way. (genomeweb.com)
DCN was successfully assembled, and as-prepared DCN was characterized by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscope and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. (dovepress.com)
Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-solubilized material shows one major protein in the junction, with an apparent mol wt of 20,000, and two minor components. (rupress.org)
Polyacrylamide and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. (smashfly.com)
Two representative urine samples containing lambda or kappa FLC were loaded into a nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). (bvsalud.org)
Analysis of GIF by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein after staining with Coomassie blue or Schiff's reagent. (uab.edu)

The pesticides were finally determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in selective-ion Monitor (SIM) simultaneously. (montclair.edu)

The resulting material was used as a stationary phase for the separation and determination of Cl - , NO 2 - , NO 3 - , I - , and SO 4 2- using ion exchange chromatography. (urfu.ru)
Preparation of a porous microparticulatee anion-exchange chromatography support for proteins. (urfu.ru)
PSA-IgM complexes and free PSA fractions were separated from the sera of subjects with prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by gel filtration and subjected to on-chip immunoaffinity and ion-exchange chromatography. (hindawi.com)

Flash chromatography, also known as medium pressure chromatography, is useful for rapid, preparative separations. (coleparmer.com)
We have the flash chromatography products to help you succeed at separation. (coleparmer.com)

To confirm this idea, we carried out the kinetic studies, a gel mobility shift assay with a mutant protein disrupted in the catalytic center, and the analytical gel-filtration chromatography. (nih.gov)
Analytical grade solvents for the extraction, chromatography and in vitro studies were purchased from local chemical suppliers. (scirp.org)

Chromatography: HPLC, UPLC, HPIC. (smashfly.com)

SimplyBlue™ SafeStain is a ready-to-use, fast, sensitive, and safe Coomassie™ G-250 stain for visualizing protein bands on polyacrylamide gels. (fishersci.com)

NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC). (iso.org)
Evaluation of on-line high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, differential refractometry, and multi-angle laser light scattering analysis for the monitoring of the oligomeric state of human immunodeficiency virus vaccine protein antigen. (nchu.edu.tw)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Gel-filtration chromatography of Salmonella protein antigens and their implication in immunodiagnosis. (who.int)
Kanjanahareutai S, Sarasombath S, Sirisinha S. Gel-filtration chromatography of Salmonella protein antigens and their implication in immunodiagnosis. (who.int)
These antigens were subjected to gel-filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-200. (who.int)
Circulating PSA-IgM complexes separated by gel filtration from subjects with BPH and PCa were subjected to on-chip immunoaffinity profiling using monoclonal anti-PSA antibodies. (hindawi.com)

in measuring protein-SDS complexes and SDS solution in guanidine hydrochloride using gel chromatography. (sigmaaldrich.com)
in seperating protein subunits dissociated with SDS using Hydroxylapatite chromatography. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The SSGCID Protein Production Group at the University of Washington (UW-PPG) has developed a high-throughput screening (HTS) protocol for the measurement of protein recovery from immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) which predicts successful purification of hexahistidine-tagged proteins. (iucr.org)

Preparation and chromatographic performance of polymer-based anion exchangers for ion chromatography. (urfu.ru)
Macromolecules can be very sensitive, so forcing high molar mass or stiff polymer chains through a liquid chromatography (LC) system at a very high pressure can result in chain degradation and generate results only for the fragments. (chromatographyonline.com)

We analyzed the mutant proteins by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine affinity column chromatography, gel mobility shift assay, and kinetic assay of the methyl transfer reaction. (nih.gov)

We have developed a novel injection method for preparative supercritical fluid chromatography (Prep-SFC), which is very effective to improve separation efficiency when a large volume sample is loaded onto a column for higher productivity. (jascoinc.com)

This manuscript describes the preparation of a simple effective ion-exchange material based on silica gel, on the surface of which methylimidazolium bromide is fixed using a click reaction. (urfu.ru)

Chromatographic analysis was carried out on an Agilent 6890N gas chromatography system equipped with 5973 series mass selective detector, 7673 series autosampler and chemstation (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA). HP-5 MS column with 0.25 μm film thickness (30 m × 0.25 mm I.D., USA) was used for separation. (ijpjournal.com)

This form of liquid chromatography analysis separates molecules based on size. (polymersolutions.com)
Liu K, Tolley HD, Lawson JS, Lee ML. Highly crosslinked polymeric monoliths with various C6 functional groups for reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography of small molecules. (urfu.ru)
size exclusion (liquid) chromatography - SEC ) je typ kvapalinovej chromatografie , pri ktorej sa látky prítomné vo vzorke delia predovšetkým podľa veľkosti svojich molekúl . (wikipedia.org)
Accordingly, the kinetics of hydrolysis of individual enantiomers by purified native and recombinant human liver carboxylesterases CES1A1 and CES2 and a colon isoenzyme CES3 were examined with a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry assay. (aspetjournals.org)

It was the most suited as a stationary phase for the separations of PAHs among the modified silica gels tested. (elsevier.com)
Mass spectrometry, coupled with chromatographic separations such as Gas chromatography (GC-MS) is normally used for direct analysis of components existing in traditional medicines and medicinal plants. (ijpjournal.com)

A prep-SFC column, Princeton SFC SILICA 60A 10u, 21.2 mm ID x 250 mmL, was purchased from Princeton Chromatography Inc., NJ, USA. (jascoinc.com)
It is mainly used for simple and rapid confirmation of the progress of reaction, examination of separation conditions for column chromatography. (fujifilm.com)
AQUABLUE is a leading manufacturer & Supplier of Column Chromatography Silica Gel across all over india & foreign countries. (aquablue.in)
Fractionation of ethyl acetate extract over silica gel column chromatography with hexane and ethyl acetate under gradient elution resulted in six fractions. (ijpsr.com)
The products can be separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and the structure can be analyzed by mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (pku.edu.cn)

The theoretical and experimental examinations carried out in the framework of this thesis concern the silica gel chromatography, a highly efficient scintillator purification method, and thus show a possibility of reaching the mentioned scope. (tum.de)
A silica gel purification system as well as two other purification systems, a water extraction and a distillation system, have been set up on the Borexino experimental site to solve the described task. (tum.de)

Silica Gel 70-230 Mesh size is a particular grade with a combination of large to small-sized particles of Silica Gel. (column-chromatography.com)

White silica gel beads are same as silica gel white crystals. (aquablue.in)
It is also known as non-indicating silica gel beads. (aquablue.in)

When Biomolecules are purified via chromatography techniques that separate them according to the difference in their specific properties such as size, charge, hydrophobicity, isoelectric point, and chemical specificity. (ukprwire.com)

BUT DE L'ÉTUDE: Le but de cette étude d'essais cliniques contrôlés randomisés était d'évaluer et de comparer la conservation des dimensions de la crête alvéolaire après une extraction dentaire atraumatique à l'aide d'une membrane de collagène et d'une xénogreffe mélangée avec du gel vit D3 actif par rapport à une membrane de collagène et à une xénogreffe uniquement. (bvsalud.org)

The present study focuses on the analysis of the methanol extract of Equisetum arvense by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. (ijpjournal.com)
The phytocomponents of the methanol extract of Equisetum arvense were investigated by using Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry, while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology Library. (ijpjournal.com)

As stated by Jason Todd , one of our Chromatography Experts, 'The use of HFIP as a GPC solvent allows us to provide high quality molecular weight data on commercially important polymers. (polymersolutions.com)

However, since this silanol group adsorbs basic compounds strongly, the tailing of the spot or the adsorption without developing may not be improved even if the developing solvent is changed and good separation may not be obtained in the separation of strongly basic compounds by silica gel TLC. (fujifilm.com)
Amino silica gel is effective in reducing ionic binding interactions with basic compounds by modifying the silanol groups with amine. (fujifilm.com)
In the separation of basic compounds, addition of ammonia solution, amines, etc. to the developing solvent is required by the TLC with silica gel, but with amino silica gel TLC (NH 2 Silica Gel 60F 254 Plate Wako), basic substances such as 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine and 4-dimethylaminopyridine can be separated without the addition of base. (fujifilm.com)
For strongly basic compounds and highly polar substances regardless whether acidic, neutral or basic, silica gel TLC may not give clear spots due to tailing, which is often improved by the use of amino silica gel TLC. (fujifilm.com)

GIF purified by size exclusion or affinity chromatography was used for biochemical and functional characterization. (uab.edu)

AQUABLUE is also leading manufacturer of Silica Gel Orange in india. (aquablue.in)
AQUABLUE is leading Manufacturer of Silica Gel Blue in India. (aquablue.in)

Aquablue is leading Manufacturer,Supplier & Exporter of Silica gel products for concerned industries since 2012. (aquablue.in)

Silica gel is applied in silica gel TLC and amino silica gel is applied in amino silica gel TLC. (fujifilm.com)

Tryptophan hydroxylase prepared by affinity chromatography and free of calmodulin was not activated by ATP-Mg2+ but if calmodulin was then added to the enzyme, the latter was reactivated byATP-Mg2+ providing Ca2+ was present. (erowid.org)

First try silica gel TLC and, if it is difficult to obtain a good result, shift to "NH 2 silica gel 60F 254 Plate Wako. (fujifilm.com)

In a relatively short period of time, we have establish ourselves as one of the reputed Desiccant White & Blue Silica Gel Bag (Indicating & Non-Indicating) Manufacturers and Suppliers. (aquablue.in)

They are often introduced to the ionization source in the form of an effluent from a gas chromatography (GC) system or are volatilized by heating a solid sample in situ within the ionization chamber. (technologynetworks.com)

The gel strips containing separate monomers and dimers were excised, electroeluted, and the FLC recovered. (bvsalud.org)

Application of ionic liquids in high performance reversed-phase chromatography. (urfu.ru)
Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination. (bvsalud.org)

We have been the distributor of silica gel for the last 40 years, providing better research results with our potent silica gel. (column-chromatography.com)

Using a shaker, Ms. Wiggins was also about to perform a subsequent agar gel test upon human histoplasmosis sera. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy14

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs99

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment80

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science4

Health Care6

The isolation and partial characterization of the serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of the rainbow trout. (1/13503)

A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis. (2/13503)

Axin prevents Wnt-3a-induced accumulation of beta-catenin. (3/13503)

Isolation and complete covalent structure of liver microsomal paraoxonase. (4/13503)

Simultaneous antisense inhibition of two starch-synthase isoforms in potato tubers leads to accumulation of grossly modified amylopectin. (5/13503)

Purification and characterization of an alpha-galactosyltransferase from Trypanosoma brucei. (6/13503)

Biophysical characterization of the structure of the amino-terminal region of gp41 of HIV-1. Implications on viral fusion mechanism. (7/13503)

Purification and identification of a novel subunit of protein serine/threonine phosphatase 4. (8/13503)

Gels

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Chromatography, Affinity

Chromatography, Gel

Chromatography

Chromatography, Gas

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Chromatography, Liquid

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose

Molecular Weight

Molecular Sequence Data

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional

Chromatography, Agarose

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Amino Acid Sequence

Kinetics

Mass Spectrometry

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Chromatography, Reverse-Phase

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Chromatography, Paper

Electrophoresis, Agar Gel

Sepharose

Isoelectric Focusing

Substrate Specificity

Amino Acids

Escherichia coli

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Base Sequence

Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Chemistry

Chemical Phenomena

Cattle

Rabbits

Chemical Fractionation

Peptide Fragments

Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Temperature

Protein Binding

Methods

Trypsin

Liver

Carbohydrates

Electrophoresis

Drug Stability

Recombinant Proteins

Countercurrent Distribution

Hydrolysis

Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary

Peptides

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Cloning, Molecular

Carbohydrate Sequence

Hydroxyapatites

Bacterial Proteins

Indicators and Reagents

Binding Sites

Isoelectric Point

Oligosaccharides

Cell Line

Centrifugation, Density Gradient

Chemical Precipitation

Hot Temperature

Species Specificity

Swine

Macromolecular Substances

Radioimmunoassay

Polysaccharides

Solubility

DNA

Reproducibility of Results

Ammonium Sulfate

Immunodiffusion

Ultracentrifugation

Isoenzymes

Microchemistry

Reference Standards

Proteins