OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
CopyrightChromatesSodium CompoundsComputer SecurityConfidentialityPrivacySodiumBarium SulfateUnited States Government AgenciesBariumNisinJudgmentReference StandardsNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)ThalliumThallium RadioisotopesContractsContract ServicesTax ExemptionNuclear Receptor CoactivatorsIncome TaxEncyclopedias as TopicChromiumMedlinePlusTobaccoLeadPigments, Biologicalp-AminoazobenzeneDrug InteractionsFood LabelingFoodTerminology as TopicPotassiumSafetyAccidents, OccupationalDatabases, ChemicalKaolinAdsorptionBentonitePolyvinylpyridine N-OxideAluminum SilicatesIsethionic AcidSilicon CompoundsNanotubes, CarbonOrthodontic BracketsStainless SteelOrthodontic WiresOrthodontic Appliance DesignDental AlloysDental Stress Analysis
Copyright: It is a form of protection provided by law. In the United States this protection is granted to authors of original works of authorship, including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works. This protection is available to both published and unpublished works. (from Circular of the United States Copyright Office, 6/30/2008)Chromates: Salts of chromic acid containing the CrO(2-)4 radical.Sodium Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain sodium as an integral part of the molecule.Computer Security: Protective measures against unauthorized access to or interference with computer operating systems, telecommunications, or data structures, especially the modification, deletion, destruction, or release of data in computers. It includes methods of forestalling interference by computer viruses or so-called computer hackers aiming to compromise stored data.Confidentiality: The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.Privacy: The state of being free from intrusion or disturbance in one's private life or affairs. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993)Sodium: A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23.Barium Sulfate: A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.United States Government Agencies: Agencies of the FEDERAL GOVERNMENT of the United States.Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.Nisin: A 34-amino acid polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptococcus lactis. It has been used as a food preservative in canned fruits and vegetables, and cheese.Judgment: The process of discovering or asserting an objective or intrinsic relation between two objects or concepts; a faculty or power that enables a person to make judgments; the process of bringing to light and asserting the implicit meaning of a concept; a critical evaluation of a person or situation.Reference Standards: A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.National Institutes of Health (U.S.): An operating division of the US Department of Health and Human Services. It is concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to health and medical research. Until 1995, it was an agency of the United States PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.Thallium: A heavy, bluish white metal, atomic number 81, atomic weight [204.382; 204.385], symbol Tl.Thallium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of thallium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Tl atoms with atomic weights 198-202, 204, and 206-210 are thallium radioisotopes.Contracts: Agreements between two or more parties, especially those that are written and enforceable by law (American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed). It is sometimes used to characterize the nature of the professional-patient relationship.Contract Services: Outside services provided to an institution under a formal financial agreement.Tax Exemption: Status not subject to taxation; as the income of a philanthropic organization. Tax-exempt organizations may also qualify to receive tax-deductible donations if they are considered to be nonprofit corporations under Section 501(c)3 of the United States Internal Revenue Code.Nuclear Receptor Coactivators: Proteins that enhance gene expression when associated with ligand bound activated NUCLEAR RECEPTORS. The coactivators may act through an enzymatic process that affects the rate of transcription or the structure of chromatin. Alternatively nuclear receptor coactivators can function as adaptor proteins that bring nuclear receptors into close proximity with transcriptional complexes.Income Tax: Tax on the net income of an individual, organization, or business.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.MedlinePlus: NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE service for health professionals and consumers. It links extensive information from the National Institutes of Health and other reviewed sources of information on specific diseases and conditions.Tobacco: A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.Lead: A soft, grayish metal with poisonous salts; atomic number 82, atomic weight 207.19, symbol Pb. (Dorland, 28th)Pigments, Biological: Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.p-Aminoazobenzene: Used in the form of its salts as a dye and as an intermediate in manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes, and indulines.Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.Food Labeling: Use of written, printed, or graphic materials upon or accompanying a food or its container or wrapper. The concept includes ingredients, NUTRITIONAL VALUE, directions, warnings, and other relevant information.Food: Any substances taken in by the body that provide nourishment.Terminology as Topic: The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.Potassium: An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.Safety: Freedom from exposure to danger and protection from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. It suggests optimal precautions in the workplace, on the street, in the home, etc., and includes personal safety as well as the safety of property.Accidents, Occupational: Unforeseen occurrences, especially injuries in the course of work-related activities.Databases, Chemical: Databases devoted to knowledge about specific chemicals.Kaolin: The most common mineral of a group of hydrated aluminum silicates, approximately H2Al2Si2O8-H2O. It is prepared for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes by levigating with water to remove sand, etc. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) The name is derived from Kao-ling (Chinese: "high ridge"), the original site. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Adsorption: The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily.Bentonite: A colloidal, hydrated aluminum silicate that swells 12 times its dry size when added to water.Polyvinylpyridine N-Oxide: Inhibits the cytotoxic action of quartz and is reported to have delayed the development of experimental silicosis in rats.Aluminum Silicates: Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Isethionic Acid: A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.Silicon Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.Nanotubes, Carbon: Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.Orthodontic Brackets: Small metal or ceramic attachments used to fasten an arch wire. These attachments are soldered or welded to an orthodontic band or cemented directly onto the teeth. Bowles brackets, edgewise brackets, multiphase brackets, ribbon arch brackets, twin-wire brackets, and universal brackets are all types of orthodontic brackets.Stainless Steel: Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Orthodontic Wires: Wires of various dimensions and grades made of stainless steel or precious metal. They are used in orthodontic treatment.Orthodontic Appliance Design: The planning, calculation, and creation of an apparatus for the purpose of correcting the placement or straightening of teeth.Dental Alloys: A mixture of metallic elements or compounds with other metallic or metalloid elements in varying proportions for use in restorative or prosthetic dentistry.Dental Stress Analysis: The description and measurement of the various factors that produce physical stress upon dental restorations, prostheses, or appliances, materials associated with them, or the natural oral structures.

Chromate efflux by means of the ChrA chromate resistance protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (1/216)

Everted membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 harboring plasmid pCRO616, expressing the ChrA chromate resistance protein, accumulated four times more (51)CrO(4)(2-) than vesicles from plasmidless cells, indicating that a chromate efflux system functions in the resistant strain. Chromate uptake showed saturation kinetics with an apparent K(m) of 0.12 mM chromate and a V(max) of 0. 5 nmol of chromate/min per mg of protein. Uptake of chromate by vesicles was dependent on NADH oxidation and was abolished by energy inhibitors and by the chromate analog sulfate. The mechanism of resistance to chromate determined by ChrA appears to be based on the active efflux of chromate driven by the membrane potential.  (+info)

Mortality among aircraft manufacturing workers. (2/216)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the risk of cancer and other diseases among workers engaged in aircraft manufacturing and potentially exposed to compounds containing chromate, trichloroethylene (TCE), perchloroethylene (PCE), and mixed solvents. METHODS: A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted of workers employed for at least 1 year at a large aircraft manufacturing facility in California on or after 1 January 1960. The mortality experience of these workers was determined by examination of national, state, and company records to the end of 1996. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were evaluated comparing the observed numbers of deaths among workers with those expected in the general population adjusting for age, sex, race, and calendar year. The SMRs for 40 cause of death categories were computed for the total cohort and for subgroups defined by sex, race, position in the factory, work duration, year of first employment, latency, and broad occupational groups. Factory job titles were classified as to likely use of chemicals, and internal Poisson regression analyses were used to compute mortality risk ratios for categories of years of exposure to chromate, TCE, PCE, and mixed solvents, with unexposed factory workers serving as referents. RESULTS: The study cohort comprised 77,965 workers who accrued nearly 1.9 million person-years of follow up (mean 24.2 years). Mortality follow up, estimated as 99% complete, showed that 20,236 workers had died by 31 December 1996, with cause of death obtained for 98%. Workers experienced low overall mortality (all causes of death SMR 0.83) and low cancer mortality (SMR 0.90). No significant increases in risk were found for any of the 40 specific cause of death categories, whereas for several causes the numbers of deaths were significantly below expectation. Analyses by occupational group and specific job titles showed no remarkable mortality patterns. Factory workers estimated to have been routinely exposed to chromate were not at increased risk of total cancer (SMR 0.93) or of lung cancer (SMR 1.02). Workers routinely exposed to TCE, PCE, or a mixture of solvents also were not at increased risk of total cancer (SMRs 0.86, 1.07, and 0.89, respectively), and the numbers of deaths for specific cancer sites were close to expected values. Slight to moderately increased rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were found among workers exposed to TCE or PCE, but none was significant. A significant increase in testicular cancer was found among those with exposure to mixed solvents, but the excess was based on only six deaths and could not be linked to any particular solvent or job activity. Internal cohort analyses showed no significant trends of increased risk for any cancer with increasing years of exposure to chromate or solvents. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this large scale cohort study of workers followed up for over 3 decades provide no clear evidence that occupational exposures at the aircraft manufacturing factory resulted in increases in the risk of death from cancer or other diseases. Our findings support previous studies of aircraft workers in which cancer risks were generally at or below expected levels.  (+info)

Purification to homogeneity and characterization of a novel Pseudomonas putida chromate reductase. (3/216)

Cr(VI) (chromate) is a widespread environmental contaminant. Bacterial chromate reductases can convert soluble and toxic chromate to the insoluble and less toxic Cr(III). Bioremediation can therefore be effective in removing chromate from the environment, especially if the bacterial propensity for such removal is enhanced by genetic and biochemical engineering. To clone the chromate reductase-encoding gene, we purified to homogeneity (>600-fold purification) and characterized a novel soluble chromate reductase from Pseudomonas putida, using ammonium sulfate precipitation (55 to 70%), anion-exchange chromatography (DEAE Sepharose CL-6B), chromatofocusing (Polybuffer exchanger 94), and gel filtration (Superose 12 HR 10/30). The enzyme activity was dependent on NADH or NADPH; the temperature and pH optima for chromate reduction were 80 degrees C and 5, respectively; and the K(m) was 374 microM, with a V(max) of 1.72 micromol/min/mg of protein. Sulfate inhibited the enzyme activity noncompetitively. The reductase activity remained virtually unaltered after 30 min of exposure to 50 degrees C; even exposure to higher temperatures did not immediately inactivate the enzyme. X-ray absorption near-edge-structure spectra showed quantitative conversion of chromate to Cr(III) during the enzyme reaction.  (+info)

Apoptosis and P53 induction in human lung fibroblasts exposed to chromium (VI): effect of ascorbate and tocopherol. (4/216)

Some forms of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] are known to cause damage to respiratory tract tissue, and are thought to be human lung carcinogens. Because Cr(VI) is mutagenic and carcinogenic at doses that evoke cell toxicity, the objective of these experiments was to examine the effect of Cr(VI) on the growth, survival, and mode of cell death in normal human lung fibroblasts (HLF cells). DNA adduct formation was monitored as a marker for bioavailability of genotoxic chromium. We also examined the modulation of these endpoints by vitamins C and E. Long-term Cr(VI) exposures were employed, which decreased clonogenic cell survival by 25% to 95% in a dose-dependent manner. The predominant cellular response to Cr(VI) was growth arrest. We found that Cr(VI) caused up to 20% of HLF cells to undergo apoptosis, and documented apoptotic morphology and the phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies by neighboring cells. P53 levels increased 4- to 6-fold in chromium-treated cells. In contrast with previous studies using CHO cells, the present study using HLFs found that pretreatment with either vitamin C or E did not exhibit a significant effect on Cr-induced apoptosis or clonogenic survival. In addition, pretreatment with vitamin C did not affect the p53 induction observed after chromium treatment. Neither vitamin had any effect on Cr-DNA adduct formation. These data indicate that although pretreatment with vitamin C or E alters the spectrum of cellular and/or genetic lesions induced by chromium(VI), neither vitamin altered the initiation or progression of apoptosis in diploid human lung cells.  (+info)

Organization-dependent effects of toxic bivalent ions microtubule assembly and glycolysis. (5/216)

The effects of bivalent ions on tubulin dynamics and the upper phase of glycolysis were investigated at different organization levels in vitro. Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and CrO4(2-) inhibit the tubulin polymerization at an IC50 of 14-24 microM with high cooperativity and also induce microtubule disassembly. The apparent binding constants of the ions to tubulin, estimated by fluorescence quenching, vary between 6 and 28 microM. BIAcore measurements for tubulin-tubulin interaction suggest that the presence of Cu2+ affects neither koff nor kon, but the amount of the bound tubulin. While the inhibitory effect of Cu2+ on tubulin polymerization is partially abolished by cross-linking of microtubules with substoichiometric amounts of phosphofructokinase or decoration of tubules with cytosolic proteins, in the presence of kinase but not with cytosolic proteins the tubules are resistant to CrO4(2-). No inhibitory effect of Cu2+ or CrO4(2-) on microtubule assembly was detected in the MAP-containing cytosolic fraction. Electron microscopy revealed that tubules assembled in the presence of Cu2+ or CrO4(2-) ions contain aggregates of thread-like oligomers that are less conspicuous in the presence of cytosolic proteins. Cu2+, Cd2+, and Hg2+ inhibit the glycolytic flux in the cytosolic fraction characterized at equilibrium by an IC50 of 10-14 microM with high cooperativity. Tubulin diminishes the inhibitory effect of the cations. These data indicate that the responses elicited by the bivalent ions are highly dependent on the supramolecular organization of the systems.  (+info)

Activation of JNK, p38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases by chromium(VI) is mediated through oxidative stress but does not affect cytotoxicity. (6/216)

In this study we have explored the involvement of oxidative stress in Cr(VI)-induced JNK, p38 and ERK signaling pathways and their effects on Cr(VI) cytotoxicity in human non-small cell lung carcinoma CL3 cells. Exposure to K(2)Cr(2)O(7) markedly activated JNK and p38 and moderately activated ERK in a dose- (10-80 microM) and time-dependent (1-12 h) manner. The activated p38 decreased markedly and rapidly and the activated JNK decreased gradually when Cr(VI) was removed from the medium. Post-incubation of Cr(VI)-treated cells with H(2)O(2) increased the activities of JNK and p38, but not ERK. Co-administering Cr(VI) with 3-amino-1,2, 4-triazole (3AT), a catalase inhibitor, enhanced p38 activation, but did not influence JNK and ERK activation by Cr(VI). Conversely, co-administering Cr(VI) with mannitol, a hydroxyl radical scavenger and a Cr(V) chelator, reduced p38 activation and increased JNK and ERK activation by Cr(VI). These results indicate that p38 activation by Cr(VI) is positively correlated with oxidative stress, while JNK activity can be enhanced by either a quencher (mannitol) or activator (H(2)O(2)) of redox reactions in Cr(VI)-exposed CL3 cells. However, both 3AT and mannitol reduced the cytotoxicity of Cr(VI), but H(2)O(2) did not. The JNK activated by Cr(VI) was decreased (approximately 50%) by expression of a kinase-defective form of MKK7 (MKK7A) but not that of MKK4 (MKK4KR), suggesting that activation of JNK by Cr(VI) is mediated through MKK7. SB202190, a specific inhibitor of p38, markedly decreased JNK but did not change ERK activation by Cr(VI). PD98059, a specific inhibitor of ERK kinases MKK1/2, blocked ERK and p38 but did not alter JNK activation by Cr(VI). Neither the specific kinase inhibitors nor expression of MKK7A altered Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity. Together, these results suggest that activation of the JNK, p38 and ERK pathways by Cr(VI) is mediated through diverse redox mechanisms, yet their activation does not correlate with Cr(VI) cytotoxicity.  (+info)

Cyclosporin A inhibits chromium(VI)-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial cytochrome c release and restores clonogenic survival in CHO cells. (7/216)

A variety of key events in the molecular apoptotic pathway involve the mitochondria. Cyclosporin A (csA) affects the mitochondria by inhibiting the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), thereby preventing disruption of the transmembrane potential. The role of the MPT in apoptosis is not fully understood, but inhibition of the MPT may prevent the release of mitochondrial caspase activators, such as cytochrome c (cyt c), into the cytosol. Certain hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds are known occupational respiratory tract toxins and carcinogens. We have previously shown that these compounds induce apoptosis as a predominant mode of cell death and that this effect can be observed in cell culture using soluble Cr(VI). We show here that Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells involves disruption of mitochondrial stability. Using a cyt c-specific monoclonal antibody, we observed a dose-dependent release of mitochondrial cyt c in cytosolic extracts of CHO cells exposed to apoptogenic doses of sodium chromate. Co-treatment of these cells with csA inhibited the release of cyt c and abrogated Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis as determined by a reduction in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Co-treatment with csA also markedly increased clonogenic survival of Cr(VI)-treated CHO cells. In contrast, the general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK markedly inhibited most of the morphological and biochemical parameters of apoptosis but did not prevent cyt c release and did not increase clonogenic survival. These results suggest that the MPT plays an important role in the regulation of mitochondrial cyt c release and that this may be a critical point in the apoptotic pathway in which cells are irreversibly committed to death.  (+info)

Chromate reduction by a pseudomonad isolated from a site contaminated with chromated copper arsenate. (8/216)

A pseudomonad (CRB5) isolated from a decommissioned wood preservation site reduced toxic chromate [Cr(VI)] to an insoluble Cr(III) precipitate under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. CRB5 tolerated up to 520 mg of Cr(VI) liter(-1) and reduced chromate in the presence of copper and arsenate. Under anaerobic conditions it also reduced Co(III) and U(VI), partially internalizing each metal. Metal precipitates were also found on the surface of the outer membrane and (sometimes) on a capsule. The results showed that chromate reduction by CRB5 was mediated by a soluble enzyme that was largely contained in the cytoplasm but also found outside of the cells. The crude reductase activity in the soluble fraction showed a K(m) of 23 mg liter(-1) (437 microM) and a V(max) of 0.98 mg of Cr h(-1) mg of protein(-1) (317 nmol min(-1) mg of protein(-1)). Minor membrane-associated Cr(VI) reduction under anaerobiosis may account for anaerobic reduction of chromate under nongrowth conditions with an organic electron donor present. Chromate reduction under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions may be a detoxification strategy for the bacterium which could be exploited to bioremediate chromate-contaminated or other toxic heavy metal-contaminated environments.  (+info)

PARTICULATE CR(VI) TOXICOLOGY IN HUMAN LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS AND FIBROBLASTSPARTICULATE CR(VI) TOXICOLOGY IN HUMAN LUNG EPITHELIAL CELLS AND FIBROBLASTS
PROJECT SUMMARY Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. One of the key strategies to combating it is to better understand its causes. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a human lung carcinogen of major public health concern because exposure to it is common in the workplace and in the general environment. Our study focuses on investigating the mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis, which are currently unknown. In particular, this work focuses on the particulate Cr(VI) compounds, because they are the most potent Cr(VI) carcinogens. Recent studies indicate particulate Cr(VI) induces chromosome instability and causes cells to evade DNA double strand break repair, which are hallmarks of human lung cancer. Thus, this research focuses on how particulate Cr(VI) induces cells to evade DNA double strand break repair leading to chromosome instability and carcinogenesis. Our data show prolonged exposure to particulate Cr(VI) specifically impacts the effector arm of ...
Potassium Chromate in Mumbai,Potassium Chromate Manufacturers and Suppliers from indiaPotassium Chromate in Mumbai,Potassium Chromate Manufacturers and Suppliers from india
Business Directory for Potassium Chromate Suppliers in Mumbai - Get contact details of Potassium Chromate Manufacturers, Wholesale Potassium Chromate Exporters, Best Potassium Chromate Traders & Distributors Across the Mumbai.
Chromic AcidChromic Acid
... is a strong oxidizing agent, used to oxidize many classes of organic compounds, the most common of which is alcohols. There are two generalizations that help understand oxidation of alcohols using chromic acid.. 1. Any alcohol containing at least one alpha hydrogen is oxidized by chromic acid, meaning tertiary alcohols are not oxidized by chromic acid.. 2. Any organic product formed whose molecule has at least one hydrogen atom bonded to the carbonyl carbon is further oxidized by chromic acid.. Oxidation of a primary alcohol by chromic acid results in a carboxylic acid as the organic product.. eg:. ...
potassium chromate 7789-00-6 Chemical Properties Physical Propertiespotassium chromate 7789-00-6 Chemical Properties Physical Properties
potassium chromate chemical properties, What are the chemical properties of potassium chromate 7789-00-6, What are the physical properties of potassium chromate ect.
Chromic acid - WikipediaChromic acid - Wikipedia
Chromic acid is an intermediate in chromium plating, and is also used in ceramic glazes, and colored glass. Because a solution of chromic acid in sulfuric acid (also known as a sulfochromic mixture or chromosulfuric acid) is a powerful oxidizing agent, it can be used to clean laboratory glassware, particularly of otherwise insoluble organic residues. This application has declined due to environmental concerns.[5] Furthermore, the acid leaves trace amounts of paramagnetic chromic ions - Cr(III) - that can interfere with certain applications, such as NMR spectroscopy. This is especially the case for NMR tubes.[6]. Chromic acid was widely used in the instrument repair industry, due to its ability to "brighten" raw brass. A chromic acid dip leaves behind a bright yellow patina on the brass. Due to growing health and environmental concerns, many have discontinued use of this chemical in their repair shops. It was used in hair dye in the 1940s, under the name Melereon.[7]. As a bleach in black and ...
Chromic Acid Manufacturers, Suppliers & Exporters in IndiaChromic Acid Manufacturers, Suppliers & Exporters in India
Search Indian Chromic Acid Manufacturers and Suppliers Details - Contact to Chromic Acid Exporters in India, Chromic Acid Wholesalers, Chromic Acid Distributors and Traders from India.
Estimating historical occupational exposure to airborne hexavalent chromium in a chromate production plant: 1940-1972 -...Estimating historical occupational exposure to airborne hexavalent chromium in a chromate production plant: 1940-1972 -...
This article presents a retrospective exposure assessment for 493 workers who were occupationally exposed to airborne hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), at a Painesville, Ohio, chromate production plant from 1940-1972. Exposure estimates were reconstructed using a job-exposure matrix approach that related job titles with area monitoring data from 21 industrial hygiene surveys conducted from 1943 to 1971. No personal monitoring data were collected. Specifically, airborne Cr(VI) concentration profiles for 22 areas of the plant, termed job-exposure group (JEG) areas, were constructed for three distinct time periods (1940-1949, 1950-1964, and 1965-1972), with cut points based on known major plant and process changes. Average airborne Cr(VI) concentrations were the highest for the bridge crane operators (5.5 mg/m3) prior to 1965, although only four cohort members held this job title. Airborne concentrations for the rest of the production areas of the plant ranged from 1.9 mg/m3 for packers in the 1940s to ...
Sodium chromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSodium chromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sodium chromate is a chemical compound composed of sodium ions and chromate ions. It is a bright yellow crystal chemical. It is similar to potassium chromate. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It is toxic because it contains chromium in the +6 oxidation state. It can be destroyed by reaction with a reducing agent, converting it to harmless chromium in the +3 oxidation state. Its chemical formula is Na2Cr2O4. ...
ARI Sodium Chromate (51Cr) 37-370 MBq/mL Drug Interactions - Drugs.comARI Sodium Chromate (51Cr) 37-370 MBq/mL Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
View drug interactions with ARI Sodium Chromate (51Cr) 37-370 MBq/mL. This medication may also interact with certain foods or diseases.
TDMS Study 20114-01 Pathology TablesTDMS Study 20114-01 Pathology Tables
NTP Experiment-Test: 20114-01 NEOPLASMS BY INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL Report: PEIRPT04 Study Type: SUBCHRON 90-DAY SODIUM DICHROMATE DIHYDRATE (VI) Date: 05/14/03 Route: DOSED WATER Time: 14:47:02 FINAL#1 Facility: Southern Research Institute Chemical CAS #: 7789-12-0 Lock Date: 06/24/02 Cage Range: All Reasons For Removal: All Removal Date Range: All Treatment Groups: Include All Note: Animals arranged according to CID number Page 1 NTP Experiment-Test: 20114-01 NEOPLASMS BY INDIVIDUAL ANIMAL Report: PEIRPT04 Study Type: SUBCHRON 90-DAY SODIUM DICHROMATE DIHYDRATE (VI) Date: 05/14/03 Route: DOSED WATER Time: 14:47:02 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ , 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, , , DAY ON TEST , 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, , , , 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, , , __________________________________________,__________________________________________________________________________, T (*) , , 0, 0, 0, 0, ...
Sodium Dichromate Dihydrate | Sargent WelchSodium Dichromate Dihydrate | Sargent Welch
All micro life cultures will be delivered to you within two business days when order is placed before 12:00 pm EST. Your specimens or cultures will arrive in good condition or we will send a free replacement. Requesting a delivery date of Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday ensures healthy delivery of your live specimens. Live materials will not be delivered on Mondays. For Tuesday deliveries, additional shipping charges may apply. Contact Sargent Welch customer service (800-727-4368) to arrange a Tuesday live materials delivery. For live materials coupon redemption, visit sargentwelch.com/coupon. In instances of severe weather, we may delay or cancel a shipment if it will not arrive safely. See our live materials page for the latest updates if you suspect weather could be an issue in your area. If your school is closed due to weather, please call customer service to let us know and we will hold you specimen and reschedule at your convenience. ...
Potassium chromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPotassium chromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It is a yellow crystalline solid. It is an oxidizing agent in an acidic condition. It is toxic though, because it contains chromium in its +6 oxidation state. It can be destroyed by reaction with reducing agents. It is very rarely found in the ground. It reacts with lead nitrate to make lead chromate, a yellow pigment. ...
Potassium chromate | K2CrO4 - PubChemPotassium chromate | K2CrO4 - PubChem
Potassium chromate | K2CrO4 or CrK2O4 | CID 24597 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.
Potassium chromate volume to weight conversionPotassium chromate volume to weight conversion
Calculate weight of Potassium chromate per volume, it weighs 2 732 kg/m³ (170.55319 lb/ft³). Materials volume to weight conversions
Pyridinium ChlorochromatePyridinium Chlorochromate
The oxidation of the aldehyde can not be prevented by using one molar equivalent of chromic acid. (If one molar equivalent of chromic acid is used, some aldehyde and some carboxylic acid are obtained as organic products, and, since there are not enough chromic acid molecules to react with all the alcohol molecules, some unreacted alcohol is recovered.) The aldehyde itself does not react with chromic acid. It reacts with water to give a gem diol that is oxidized by chromic acid to the carboxylic acid.. eg:. ...
How to make chromic acid for cleaning glasswareHow to make chromic acid for cleaning glassware
The stronger an acid is the more easily it loses a proton H . The variable group also called the R group or side chain determines the identity and many of the properties of a specific amino acid. Most acids have the general formula how to make chromic acid for cleaning glassware HA where A is an anion and most bases have the form BOH where B is an appropriate cation
Potassium chromate - Registration Dossier - ECHAPotassium chromate - Registration Dossier - ECHA
From an EU review of studies to assess the impact of chromium (VI) and (III) on microbially-mediated soil processes a statistical assessment was carried out. A substantial amount of information is available for the toxicity of chromium (VI) to terrestrial organisms. In the environment, it is likely that chromium (VI) will be reduced to chromium (III) in soil, and it is also likely that such conversion would have taken place in many of the toxicity tests ...
Chromates synonyms, Chromates antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comChromates synonyms, Chromates antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for Chromates in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Chromates. 2 words related to chromate: lead chromate, salt. What are synonyms for Chromates?
Ricca Chemical - Potassium Chromate, 5% (w/v), Chloride Free, Indicator for Argentometric TitrationsRicca Chemical - Potassium Chromate, 5% (w/v), Chloride Free, Indicator for Argentometric Titrations
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Potassium chromate - Autorizuotinų cheminių medžiagų sąrašas - ECHAPotassium chromate - Autorizuotinų cheminių medžiagų sąrašas - ECHA
1 September 2019 for the use of the substance in the production of spare parts for the repair of articles the production of which ceased or will cease before the sunset date indicated in the entry for that substance, where that substance was used in the production of those articles and the latter cannot function as intended without that spare part, and for the use of the substance (on its own or in a mixture) for the repair of such articles where that substance on its own or in a mixture was used in the production of those articles and the latter cannot be repaired otherwise than by using that substance ...
POTASSIUM CHROMATE LR 500GPOTASSIUM CHROMATE LR 500G
Perth Scientific Pty Ltd is an ISO 9001 certified business.. The staff strives to remain customer focused and the company is committed to continuous improvement.. This is achieved by setting quality goals and standards for our products and services.. ...
Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) treatment in WorldPulsed Electric Field (PEF) treatment in World
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Global Sodium Dichromate Market 2017- Elementis (US), Soda Sanayii (TR), Aktyuninsk (KZ), Lanxess (ZA), Vishnu Chem (IND), NPCC...Global Sodium Dichromate Market 2017- Elementis (US), Soda Sanayii (TR), Aktyuninsk (KZ), Lanxess (ZA), Vishnu Chem (IND), NPCC...
This report examines the Sodium Dichromate market standing and opportunity of global plus major regions, from plans of manufacturers, regions, product types and end industries; this report investigates the best manufacturers in global and major regions and splits the Sodium Dichromate market by product type and applications/end industries. The Global Sodium Dichromate market is considered…
Difference between revisions of Potassium dichromate - CAMEODifference between revisions of "Potassium dichromate" - CAMEO
Bright orange crystals that are light sensitive. Potassium dichromate is used as a chrome mordant in dyeing textiles. It is also used to chrome tan Leather and stain Wood to an orange color. Potassium dichromate is used as an intensifier in black and white photographic processing. It is used as a pigment and as an Insecticide. Potassium dichromate may also be used as a colorimetric reagent for the detection of Lead in objects because the two materials react to form bright yellow lead chromate crystals (Odegaard et al 2000). Silver reacts with potassium dichromate to form a red precipitate. ...
Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) up-regulates COX-2 expression through an NF[kappa]B/c-Jun/AP-1-dependent pathway. - Free Online...Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) up-regulates COX-2 expression through an NF[kappa]B/c-Jun/AP-1-dependent pathway. - Free Online...
Free Online Library: Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) up-regulates COX-2 expression through an NF[kappa]B/c-Jun/AP-1-dependent pathway.(Research, cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor, Report) by Environmental Health Perspectives; Health, general Environmental issues Cancer Care and treatment Risk factors Cancer treatment Chromium compounds Health aspects Cyclooxygenases Physiological aspects Genes Luciferase Transcription factors
Sodium Dichromate Manufacturers | Suppliers | Exporters in IndiaSodium Dichromate Manufacturers | Suppliers | Exporters in India
Find Leading Sodium Dichromate Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters and Traders at one place. Contact Exporters India for more information about Sodium Dichromate manufacturers
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Particulate hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a potent respiratory carcinogen with widespread human exposure. The particulate form, for example lead chromate, has been determined to be the most toxic and carcinogenic form. These particles impact at bifurcation sites of the lung and persist in the respiratory tract. Chromosome instability (CIN) is a hallmark of lung cancer with cells exhibiting both translocations and severe aneuploidy. However, the ability of Cr(VI) to induce translocations is unknown. We exposed human lung cells to lead chromate for three sequential 24 h periods, each separated by about a month. After each treatment, cells were seeded at colony forming density, cloned, expanded and retreated. Each generation of clones were tested for their chromium sensitivity, chromosome complement and DNA repair capacity. We found that after the first treatment, lead chromate-treated cells exhibited a normal chromosome complement though a few clones showed an increase in relative survival. ...
Sodium dichromate - WikipediaSodium dichromate - Wikipedia
The dichromate is isolated as the dihydrate by crystallization. In this way, many millions of kilograms of sodium dichromate are produced annually. Since chromium(VI) is toxic, especially as the dust, such factories are subject to stringent regulations. For example, effluent from such refineries is treated with reducing agents to return any chromium(VI) to chromium(III), which is less threatening to the environment.[1] A variety of hydrates of this salt are known, ranging from the decahydrate below 19.5 °C (CAS# 13517-17-4 ) as well as hexa-, tetra-, and dihydrates. Above 62 °C, these salts lose water spontaneously to give the anhydrous material. It is crystallised around 30 to 35 degrees C ...
Sodium Dichromate, Qarmat Ali Exposure Victims | Legal Aid, CompensationSodium Dichromate, Qarmat Ali Exposure Victims | Legal Aid, Compensation
Have you or a loved one been exposed to sodium dichromate while serving in Qarmat Ali, Iraq? Doyle is committed to help victims get full financial aid.
Effects of Nephrargin on the potassium chromate nephrosis in rabbits]. - Semantic ScholarEffects of "Nephrargin" on the potassium chromate nephrosis in rabbits]. - Semantic Scholar
Semantic Scholar extracted view of [Effects of Nephrargin on the potassium chromate nephrosis in rabbits]. by R AKAMIZU et al.
potassium chromate poisoning | Tabers Medical Dictionarypotassium chromate poisoning | Taber's Medical Dictionary
potassium chromate poisoning answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.
Adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto magnetic natural zeolite-polymer composite<...Adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto magnetic natural zeolite-polymer composite<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Adsorption of hexavalent chromium onto magnetic natural zeolite-polymer composite. AU - Mthombeni, Nomcebo H.. AU - Onyango, Maurice S.. AU - Ochieng, Aoyi. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Magnetic natural zeolite-polypyrrole (MZ-PPy) composite was prepared for enhanced removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of the prepared adsorbent was analyzed with the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field-emission microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of magnetic zeolite loading within the composite, initial pH, sorbent dosage, temperature and Cr(VI) concentration on Cr(VI) removal efficiency were investigated. Up to 99.99% removal efficiency was obtained when the pH was 2 and the initial Cr(VI) concentration was 300 mg/L. The sorption kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second order model and isotherm data fitted well to the ...
Ion Chromatography Analysis of Hexavalent ChromiumIon Chromatography Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium
In the past few years, Hexavalent Chromium Cr(VI), a genotoxic carcinogen, has come under increased scrutiny as it is the most toxic form of chromium found
In-Situ Gaseous ReductionIn-Situ Gaseous Reduction
When present in soil, the oxidized forms of certain metallic contaminants (e.g., hexavalent chromium) are quite mobile and can be easily carried by waters percolating through the unsaturated zone. To avoid the excessive costs and risks associated with excavation, transportation, and disposal of the chromium contamination at locations such as Pantex, Hanford, and the Sandia National Laboratory, the Department of Energy (DOE) is testing the In-Situ Gaseous Reduction System (IGRS). In IGRS, the oxidized metals are reduced and immobilized. For chromium-contaminated sites, the primary chemical reaction involves the reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] to trivalent chromium [Cr (III)], with subsequent precipitation as a nontoxic, insoluble solid ...
Assessment of the mode of action for hexavalent chromium-induced lung cancer following inhalation exposures. - 21 Century...Assessment of the mode of action for hexavalent chromium-induced lung cancer following inhalation exposures. - 21 Century...
Inhalation of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is associated with increased lung cancer risk among workers in several industries, most notably chromate production workers exposed to high concentrations of Cr(VI) (≥100 μg/m(3)), for which clear exposure-response relationships and respiratory irritation and tissue damage have been reported. Data from this industry are used to assess lung cancerrisk associated with environmental and current occupational exposures, occurring at concentrations that are significantly lower. There is considerable uncertainty in the low dose extrapolation of historical occupational epidemiology data to assess risk at current exposures because no published or well recognized mode of action (MOA) for Cr(VI)-induced lung tumors exists. We conducted a MOA analysis for Cr(VI)-induced lung cancer evaluating toxicokinetic and toxicological data in humans and rodents and mechanistic data to assess plausibility, dose-response, and temporal concordance for potential MOAs. ...
Acute renal failure due to acute chromium poisoning after chromic acid burns - Zhu Q, Wang B, Ling B, Walline J, Tan D.Acute renal failure due to acute chromium poisoning after chromic acid burns - Zhu Q, Wang B, Ling B, Walline J, Tan D.
Chromic acid is an industrial metal acid widely used for electroplating in alloy and dye production. It can cause serious skin burn and, if absorbed, may lead to acute chromium poisoning. Such poisoning cases appear rarely in the literature [ 1 ]. We n......
Chromium-51 Radionuclide, 5mCi (185MBq), Sodium Chromate in Normal Saline (pH 8-10), Steri-packaged | PerkinElmerChromium-51 Radionuclide, 5mCi (185MBq), Sodium Chromate in Normal Saline (pH 8-10), Steri-packaged | PerkinElmer
Chromium-51 is the most commonly used readioactive marker for the labeling of target cells in cytotoxicity assays. The common name for such assays Chromium Release also describes the fundamental method behind the assay procedure. Methods for the precise and accurate quantification of cytotoxicity are of fundamental importance in immunology particularly for the study of tumor and virus cytolysis ...
Contrasting the Group 6 metal-metal bonding in sodium dichromate(II) and sodium dimolybdate(II) polymethyl complexes :...Contrasting the Group 6 metal-metal bonding in sodium dichromate(II) and sodium dimolybdate(II) polymethyl complexes :...
Extending the class of group 6 metal-metal bonded methylate compounds supported by alkali metal counter-ions, the first sodium octamethylmolybdate(II) complex [(TMEDA)Na]4Mo2Me8 and heptamethylchromate(II) relations [(donor)Na]3Cr2Me7 (donor is TMEDA or TMCDA) are reported. The former was made by treating [(Et2O)Li]4Mo2Me8 with four equivalents of NaOtBu/TMEDA in ether; whereas the latter resulted from introducing TMEDA or TMCDA to ether solutions of octamethyldichromate [(Et2O)Na]4Cr2Me8. X-ray crystallography revealed [(TMEDA)Na]4Mo2Me8 is dimeric with square pyramidal Mo centres [including a short Mo-Mo interaction of 2.1403(3) Å] each with four methyl groups in a mutually eclipsed conformation. In dinuclear [(TMCDA)Na]3Cr2Me7 trigonal bi-pyramidal Cr centres each bond to three terminal methyl groups and one common Me bridge, that produces a strikingly short Cr-Cr contact of 1.9136(4) Å. Broken symmetry density functional theoretical calculations expose the multiconfigurational metal-metal ...
Senator Byron Dorgan Says DOD Response Still Falls Short on Sodium Dichromate Exposure « Defense Base Act Compensation BlogSenator Byron Dorgan Says DOD Response Still Falls Short on Sodium Dichromate Exposure « Defense Base Act Compensation Blog
DORGAN: DOD IG REPORT CONFIRMS PENTAGON DROPPED THE BALL ON CHEMICAL EXPOSURE OF U.S. TROOPS IN IRAQ See the video here Read the IG Report here FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE FOR MORE INFORMATION: Friday CONTACT: Barry E. Piatt October 22, 2010 PHONE: 202-224-0577 (WASHINGTON, D.C.) --- U.S. Senator Byron Dorgan (D-ND) said Friday a…
A microscale oxidation of cyclohexanol by potassium dichromate(VI)- Learn ChemistryA microscale oxidation of cyclohexanol by potassium dichromate(VI)- Learn Chemistry
A pool of acidified potassium dichromate(VI) is placed in a Petri dish. A few drops of cyclohexanol is added and a clear reaction is observed for the formation of cyclohexanone.
Category:Sodium chromate - Wikimedia CommonsCategory:Sodium chromate - Wikimedia Commons
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. ...
potassium dichromate | FUK:GLAMpotassium dichromate | FUK:GLAM
White craft or carpenters PVA glue, I buy it at the dollar store or craft store. Any cheap water soluble glue will work. Carpenters glue has a slightly better bond, but its a little more expensive. 120ml of glue makes just enough to cover three medium/large size screens.. Potassium Dichromate can be purchased at speciality arts stores that carry supplies for wood staining, leather tanning, custom pigment paints, etc. I found mine at Kama Pigments in Montreal.. First of all, work in a dimly lit room (obviously not totally dark or you cant see what you are doing, just dont use an overhead light and not in direct sunlight you should be fine). Wear gloves… try not to get this stuff on you, it is toxic as hell.. ...
Potassium dichromate Global Market and Forecast Research : ReportsnReportsPotassium dichromate Global Market and Forecast Research : ReportsnReports
[65 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Potassium dichromate Global Market and Forecast Research report by ChemReport. DescriptionWe provide independent and unbiased information on manufacturers, prices, production...
Orange (colour) - WikipediaOrange (colour) - Wikipedia
In the 18th century orange was sometimes used to depict the robes of Pomona, the goddess of fruitful abundance; her name came from the pomon, the Latin word for fruit. Oranges themselves became more common in northern Europe, thanks to the 17th century invention of the heated greenhouse, a building type which became known as an orangerie. The French artist Jean-Honoré Fragonard depicted an allegorical figure of "inspiration" dressed in orange. In 1797 a French scientist Louis Vauquelin discovered the mineral crocoite, or lead chromate, which led in 1809 to the invention of the synthetic pigment chrome orange. Other synthetic pigments, cobalt red, cobalt yellow, and cobalt orange, the last made from cadmium sulfide plus cadmium selenide, soon followed. These new pigments, plus the invention of the metal paint tube in 1841, made it possible for artists to paint outdoors and to capture the colours of natural light. In Britain orange became highly popular with the Pre-Raphaelites and with history ...
Potassium chromatePotassium chromate
Chronic inhalation and ingestion may cause effects similar to those of acute inhalation and ingestion. Prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to asthma and perforation of the nasal septum. Repeated inhalation may cause chronic bronchitis. May cause liver and kidney damage. May cause cancer in humans ...
POTASSIUM DICHROMATEPOTASSIUM DICHROMATE
Protect against physical damage. Store in a dry location separate from combustible, organic or other readily oxidizable materials. Avoid storage on wood floors. Remove and dispose of any spilled dichromates; do not return to original containers. Wear special protective equipment (Sec. 8) for maintenance break-in or where exposures may exceed established exposure levels. Wash hands, face, forearms and neck when exiting restricted areas. Shower, dispose of outer clothing, change to clean garments at the end of the day. Avoid cross-contamination of street clothes. Wash hands before eating and do not eat, drink, or smoke in workplace. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product ...
POTASSIUM DICHROMATEPOTASSIUM DICHROMATE
Pre-wetting the surface, just prior to application, will aide in even absorption of the Dichromate solution. Use Clean water and a damp (not dripping) sponge or rag. ...
Hexavalent Chromium Requirement Articles on Environmental XPRTHexavalent Chromium Requirement Articles on Environmental XPRT
Find hexavalent chromium requirement articles on Environmental XPRT, the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource.
Review of carcinogenicity of hexavalent chrome and proposal of revising approval standards for an occupational cancers in Korea...Review of carcinogenicity of hexavalent chrome and proposal of revising approval standards for an occupational cancers in Korea...
① Lung Cancer.. Large-scale cohort studies and many other studies have reported excess risk of lung cancer in workers exposed to chromium (VI). In conclusion, IARC reported that there is sufficient evidence in humans that chromium (VI) causes lung cancer [2]. OSHA reviewed literature about carcinogenic effects in different work types as follows. In chromate production, an increase of lung cancer mortality was identified and a significant increase was found particularly in response to the cumulative exposure dose and the exposure period. In the chromium pigment production, an increase of lung cancer incidents in comparison with standard population was reported, and the risk of lung cancer was higher either in water-soluble chromium or water-insoluble chromium. In chromium plating process where workers are exposed to chromic trioxide (CrO3), an increase of lung cancer mortality was verified, although the number of studies analyzed was less than the studies about chromate or chrome pigment ...
Health effects of radon: a review of the literatureHealth effects of radon: a review of the literature
Radon is an established human lung carcinogen based on human epidemiological data supported by experimental evidence of mutagenesis studies in cell culture and laboratory animals. Extrapolation from cohort studies on miners suggested that radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer death after …
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One day, I received a phonecall from my boss. We were on the verge of securing a contract with a new company and that could I whip up a test batch of a particular product so they had something for the customer when they came around next week. Simples enough. After 15 minutes, Id written down the ingredients I needed to make this product. Id managed to secure all of them except one. Potassium Dichromate. We didnt really have any knocking around. Until I remembered the Shed! The shed was an old building which kept chemicals from products which had long since been made obsolete and were awaiting disposal. There was bound to be some Potassium Dichromate there!. So, I set off towards the shed. The shed was on the other side of the plant and took a while to get there. When I arrived at the shed, I put the (supposed only) key in the lock and opened the door. I turned on the light and there standing before me was the manager I didnt and, more importanly Mrs Simpering Ive-got-the-IQ-of-a-roof-slate! ...
mp-603257: Cs2Cr4Cu(HO4)4 (triclinic, P-1, 2)mp-603257: Cs2Cr4Cu(HO4)4 (triclinic, P-1, 2)
Browse many computed properties for this triclinic Cs2Cr4Cu(HO4)4 compound, including formation energy from the elements, energy of decomposition into the set of most stable materials at this chemical composition, bulk crystalline density, and band gap. Also known as: Dicesium copper bis(dichromate) dihydrate.
Toxics in Packaging Compliance, Test for Mercury Lead Cadmium Hexavalent Chromium in Packaging - Restricted Materials Detection...Toxics in Packaging Compliance, Test for Mercury Lead Cadmium Hexavalent Chromium in Packaging - Restricted Materials Detection...
The S1 TITAN XRF gun can be used to help ensure compliance with Toxics in Packaging Laws. The TPCH indicates that by paying attention to the sample matrix, sample thickness, sample homogeneity, chemical interferences, and instrumental errors (as one should in any type of screening or analysis), XRF is an excellent screening tool for identifying toxics in packaging.
Hexavalent Chromium: 11 Answers for Water Drinkers - Opposing ViewsHexavalent Chromium: 11 Answers for Water Drinkers - Opposing Views
By Rebecca Sutton, PhD, EWG Senior Scientist When you see news reports about a cancer-causing chemical in drinking water everywhere you turn, you probably
Persistent hexavalent chromium exposure impaired the pubertal development and ovarian histoarchitecture in wistar rat offspring...Persistent hexavalent chromium exposure impaired the pubertal development and ovarian histoarchitecture in wistar rat offspring...
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Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of N,N,Nâ  ,Nâ  - Tetramethylethylenediammonium dichromate ...Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of N,N,Nâ  ,Nâ  - Tetramethylethylenediammonium dichromate ...
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of N,N,Nâ  ,Nâ  - Tetramethylethylenediammonium dichromate (C6H18N2)[Cr2O7
OSA | Dark self-enhancement in dichromated-gelatin gratings: a detailed studyOSA | Dark self-enhancement in dichromated-gelatin gratings: a detailed study
Strong dark self-enhancement, the increase in diffraction efficiency after irradiation, has been reported previously for dichromated-gelatin gratings. Here a more-detailed study of this self-enhancement effect is presented. The self-enhancement in dichromated-gelatin gratings was of the order of 10-100, depending on the pH and on the dichromate concentration of the solution used for the preparation of dichromated-gelatin films. The highest self-enhancement gain occurred when pH was high and dichromate concentration was low. The increase in the diffraction efficiencies of the gratings continued over 3 months.. © 1999 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...
Surface Technology Environmental Resource Center (STERC)Surface Technology Environmental Resource Center (STERC)
The chromate recovery system will be a completely closed system. Fig. 3 shows such an ion exchange system. The concentration of chromate in the still rinse will be allowed to rise to about 10 per cent. At frequent intervals this still rinse will be passed through a cation exchange unit to remove metallic cations, and occasionally part of the treated acid will be returned to the plating tank. It may be necessary to use an evaporator to concentrate this solution although experience in many locations has indicated that a 10 per cent solution may be returned directly. While the dragout from the plating rinse contains some metallic cations, the dragout from the still rinse will be almost pure chromic acid. This running rinse will pass through a highly basic styrene base anion exchanger and then be recycled. When this unit is exhausted, it will be regenerated with caustic soda and the regenerant effluent sent through the cation exchange unit for removal of sodium and then to the still rinse tank. ...
Skip to PropertiesSkip to Properties
Potassium Dichromate K2Cr2O7 bulk & research qty manufacturer. Properties, SDS, Applications, Price. Free samples program. Term contracts & credit cards/PayPal accepted.
Diffusion in agar - Stock Image A350/0141 - Science Photo LibraryDiffusion in agar - Stock Image A350/0141 - Science Photo Library
Diffusion. Image 1 of 2. Crystal of potassium dichromate (orange) in a petri dish containing agar gel. Over time, the crystal dissolves, spreading out to colour the entire dish. For this set-up after one day, see image A350/142. - Stock Image A350/0141
Golem Club AUPARK - Máte bolesti chrbta ? Odskúšajte v GOLEM CLUBe Central novú hodinu Zdravý chrbát.Golem Club AUPARK - Máte bolesti chrbta ? Odskúšajte v GOLEM CLUBe Central novú hodinu Zdravý chrbát.
Bolesti chrbta. Poznajú ich tisíce ľudí. Civilizačná daň. Sedavý spôsob života, nekonečné sedenie pri počítačoch sedenie za volantom áut a nedostatok pohybu a telesnej aktivity si začína vyberať svoju daň. Postarajte sa aj vy o svoj chrbát a príďte si zacvičiť špeciálnu zostavu cvikov, ktoré Vám pomôžu zbaviť sa bolesti v oblasti lopatiek, krížov, krčnej chrbtice, ale Vás aj naučia ako správne držať telo vzpriamene, krásne rovno. Chrbtica je strom tvojho života Golem Centrál v stredu o 13:00 s Katkou Ježovicovou www.jogazdravo.sk, www.golemclub.sk. ...
Nikon | Healthcare Products & Solutions (Microscope Solutions) | To customers using Nikon biological, stereo, measuring and...Nikon | Healthcare Products & Solutions (Microscope Solutions) | To customers using Nikon biological, stereo, measuring and...
December 26, 2017. NIKON CORPORATION. Taking this opportunity, we wish to thank you for your continued patronage of Nikon products.. Our in-house inspection has reported that certain parts of the main bodies and accessories of our biological, stereo, measuring and industrial microscopes contain lead and hexavalent chromium which exceed the standard value specified in the RoHS Directive*. We regret any inconvenience this matter may cause and report the facts as follows.. ...
Coordination complexCoordination complex
Sulfate mineralsSulfate minerals
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistryIUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
Chromic acidChromic acid
Arsenate mineralArsenate mineral
Sodium dichromateSodium dichromate
List of inorganic compoundsList of inorganic compounds
Ion - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaIon - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pyrotechnic compositionPyrotechnic composition
Leucobacter aridicollisLeucobacter aridicollis
Potassium - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPotassium - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Haaf GruneyHaaf Gruney
Coordination complexCoordination complex
List of alchemical substancesList of alchemical substances
Delay compositionDelay composition
Chrome yellowChrome yellow
CadmiumCadmium
Dolly CohenDolly Cohen
Kalijum hromat - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаKalijum hromat - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Oxidizing agentOxidizing agent
Natrijum hromat - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаNatrijum hromat - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Chromium(III) picolinateChromium(III) picolinate
Glossary of biologyGlossary of biology
Osmium tetroxideOsmium tetroxide
MonaziteMonazite
Shewanella oneidensisShewanella oneidensis
Hexavalent chromiumHexavalent chromium
IronIron
Pyrotechnic heat sourcePyrotechnic heat source
AmmelineAmmeline
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Sodium chromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaSodium chromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Potassium chromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPotassium chromate - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
ARI Sodium Chromate (51Cr) 37-370 MBq/mL Drug Interactions - Drugs.comARI Sodium Chromate (51Cr) 37-370 MBq/mL Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
Potassium chromate | K2CrO4 - PubChemPotassium chromate | K2CrO4 - PubChem
Potassium Chromate in Mumbai,Potassium Chromate Manufacturers and Suppliers from indiaPotassium Chromate in Mumbai,Potassium Chromate Manufacturers and Suppliers from india
POTASSIUM CHROMATE LR 500GPOTASSIUM CHROMATE LR 500G
Potassium chromate volume to weight conversionPotassium chromate volume to weight conversion
Chromates synonyms, Chromates antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comChromates synonyms, Chromates antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
potassium chromate 7789-00-6 Chemical Properties Physical Propertiespotassium chromate 7789-00-6 Chemical Properties Physical Properties
Ricca Chemical - Potassium Chromate, 5% (w/v), Chloride Free, Indicator for Argentometric TitrationsRicca Chemical - Potassium Chromate, 5% (w/v), Chloride Free, Indicator for Argentometric Titrations
Estimating historical occupational exposure to airborne hexavalent chromium in a chromate production plant: 1940-1972 -...Estimating historical occupational exposure to airborne hexavalent chromium in a chromate production plant: 1940-1972 -...
Chromic acid and chromates (2005-110) | NIOSH | CDCChromic acid and chromates (2005-110) | NIOSH | CDC
ICSC 0957 - STRONTIUM CHROMATEICSC 0957 - STRONTIUM CHROMATE
Category:Sodium chromate - Wikimedia CommonsCategory:Sodium chromate - Wikimedia Commons
Butyl chromate, tert- (2005-110) | NIOSH | CDCButyl chromate, tert- (2005-110) | NIOSH | CDC
Barium chromateBarium chromate
Sodium Chromate (⁵¹ Cr) Injection - Drugs.comSodium Chromate (⁵¹ Cr) Injection - Drugs.com
Silver chromate 98% | Sigma-AldrichSilver chromate 98% | Sigma-Aldrich
Calcium chromate - WikipediaCalcium chromate - Wikipedia
Nickel chromate - WikipediaNickel chromate - Wikipedia
Skip to PropertiesSkip to Properties
Sodium chromate tetrahydrate M88034Sodium chromate tetrahydrate M88034
Potassium chromate - Registration Dossier - ECHAPotassium chromate - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Potassium chromate - Registration Dossier - ECHAPotassium chromate - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Sodium chromate, 98+%, anhydrous, Acros Organics | Fisher ScientificSodium chromate, 98+%, anhydrous, Acros Organics | Fisher Scientific
ChromateChromate
Determination of Chlorinity of Water without the Use of Chromate IndicatorDetermination of Chlorinity of Water without the Use of Chromate Indicator
Chromate | definition of chromate by Medical dictionaryChromate | definition of chromate by Medical dictionary
Reaction mass of Chromate(1-),... - Registration Dossier - ECHAReaction mass of Chromate(1-),... - Registration Dossier - ECHA
29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-2 Citation Policy for Chromates and Chromic Acids | Occupational Safety and Health Administration29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-2 Citation Policy for Chromates and Chromic Acids | Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Potassium chromate | definition of potassium chromate by Medical dictionaryPotassium chromate | definition of potassium chromate by Medical dictionary
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Chromate Adsorption by KaoliniteChromate Adsorption by Kaolinite
Concomitant microbial generation of palladium nanoparticles and hydrogen to immobilize chromate | RTIConcomitant microbial generation of palladium nanoparticles and hydrogen to immobilize chromate | RTI
Potassium chromate molecule - Stock Image - F004/8687 - Science Photo LibraryPotassium chromate molecule - Stock Image - F004/8687 - Science Photo Library
Rubidium ChromateRubidium Chromate
Single Wall Bracket, Chromate Finish - 18Single Wall Bracket, Chromate Finish - 18'
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SodiumHexavalent chromiumCrystalline solidPigmentIonsChemicalToxicLeadSimilarChromiumPigmentChromic acidPigmentsFormulaCarcinogenicResponse to chromateCoatingsAdsorptionSTRONTIUM CHROMATEChlorideCorrosion resistanceBariumParticulateTrivalentSaltsMolecularExposureInorganicBacteriaMicrobialCompoundsPrimerInhibitionPotassium dichromateLeucobacter2016PassivatesAnionK2CrO4InjectionSolubilityReductionHttps20212000
Sodium2
Hexavalent chromium1
Crystalline solid1
Pigment1
Ions1
Chemical1
Toxic1
Lead1
Similar1
Chromium15
Pigment2
Chromic acid2
  • This instruction provides guidance for citing violations resulting from employee exposure to chromates, dichromates and chromic acid mist. (osha.gov)
  • 1. OSHA has been citing all violations resulting from employee exposure to chromic acid mist, or dust from chromates and dichromates under 29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-2. (osha.gov)
Pigments4
  • thus, declines in chromate pigments will slow as they are replaced by various organic and complex inorganic types. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • LINK: [http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng0003.html International Chemical Safety Card] == Additional Information == H. Kuhn, M.Curran, "Chrome Yellow and Other Chromate Pigments", ''Artists Pigments, Volume 1, R. Feller (ed. (mfa.org)
  • Chromate is useful in many industries - in the production of pigments and dyes for textiles, paints and colored glass, anodized or plated onto metals for surface finishing applications, as an oxidizing agent to tan and process leather, and as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial cooling towers. (labmate-online.com)
  • IES pigments were originally developed and introduced in the 1980s (8), (9) as nonhazardous, environmentally compliant alternatives to traditional anticorrosive pigments, such as chromates and lead pigments, as well as the existing zinc phosphate anticorrosive pigments. (freethesaurus.com)
Formula1
Carcinogenic4
Response to chromate3
  • In response to chromate stress, L. chromiiresistens forms biofilms, which are held together via extracellular DNA. (nih.gov)
  • As a new cellular response to chromate stress, we observed an increased production of the carotenoid lutein. (nih.gov)
  • Comparative analysis indicated that the core molecular response to chromate, irrespective of the nutritional conditions tested, comprised seven up-regulated proteins belonging to six different functional categories including transcription, inorganic ion transport/metabolism, and amino acid transport/metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Coatings7
Adsorption8
STRONTIUM CHROMATE1
Chloride6
Corrosion resistance1
Barium7
Particulate2
  • CONCLUSIONS: These data illustrate that repetitive exposure to particulate chromate induces chronic injury and an inflammatory microenvironment that may promote Cr(VI) carcinogenesis. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Studies have not been done of particulate Cr(VI) after oral exposure, but given the low pH of the stomach, it is likely that these exposures would ultimately become exposures to soluble Cr(VI) as particulate chromates dissolve at low pH. (freethesaurus.com)
Trivalent7
Salts2
  • Most of be emphasis is centered on the traditional metal oxides, such as chromate or permanganate salts, in spite of the hazards and waste management concerns associate with them. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Exposure to chromate salts has been reported to produce skin and nasal ulcerations with continued exposure leading to perforation of the nasal septa. (espimetals.com)
Molecular1
Exposure6
  • occurs accidentally as a result of exposure to chromate residues. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • 1. Cite violations resulting from employee exposure to lead chromate and dichromate under the lead standard, 29 CFR 1910.1025. (osha.gov)
  • 2. Cite violations resulting from employee exposure to zinc chromate and dichromate as well as other chromates and dichromates under 29 CFR 1910.1000, Table Z-2 (PEL 0.1 mg/m3). (osha.gov)
  • 3. The comprehensive standard for occupational exposure to lead is also applicable to lead chromate, and would provide greater protection to workers exposed to lead chromate than would be provided under the chromates standard. (osha.gov)
  • By instructing compliance officers to cite violations under the new lead standard, 29 CFR 1910.1025 (PEL 50 ug/m3), the permissible exposure to lead chromate is, in effect, lowered to less than 25 percent of what the chromates standard (29 CFR 1910.1000, PEL 0.1mg/m3) would allow. (osha.gov)
  • protective provisions not found in the provisions applicable to chromates, such as exposure monitoring, medical surveillance, medical removal protection, and worker training and education. (osha.gov)
Inorganic1
  • By contrast, the chromate-responsive proteome derived under defined minimal growth conditions was characterized predominantly by up-regulated proteins related to cell envelope biogenesis, inorganic ion transport, and motility. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacteria2
  • To further understand the mechanisms developed by these bacteria to tolerate chromate, a proteomic analysis was performed to identify proteins involved in chromate stress response of Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from a fly ash dumping site. (ajol.info)
  • Pure culture of bacteria using chromates and bichromates as hydrogen acceptors during development under anaerobic conditions]. (semanticscholar.org)
Microbial3
  • Our results suggest a novel process where the in situ microbial production of hydrogen is directly coupled to the catalytic bio-Pd mediated reduction of chromate. (rti.org)
  • The extreme chromate tolerance and the unique set of resistance factors suggest the use of L. chromiiresistens as a new model organism to study microbial chromate resistance. (nih.gov)
  • These proteins might potentially serve as indicators of chromate stress in natural microbial communities. (biomedcentral.com)
Compounds1
Primer3
Inhibition1
  • Inhibition of biofilm formation leads to drastically decreased chromate tolerance. (nih.gov)
Potassium dichromate1
  • However, the overall probabilistic results rated potassium chromate as the best inhibitor compared to potassium dichromate in most of the other concentrations investigated in the study, especially in concrete structures exposed to saline environments. (springer.com)
Leucobacter2
20161
Passivates1
Anion3
  • Anion Exchange Sorption of Chromate from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • It was concluded that the anion exchange sorption was involved in removing the chromate anion from the aqueous system into the surface of activated carbon. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Activated carbon is a good choice to be used for the decontamination of water from chromate anion because of its high surface area and excellent performance as compared to its counterparts reported in the literature . (thefreelibrary.com)
K2CrO41
Injection3
Solubility1
Reduction1
  • Potential detoxifying microorganisms are often not sufficient in their resistance characteristics to effectively perform, e.g., chromate reduction or biosorption. (nih.gov)
Https1
20212
20001
  • However, there was significant negative publicity surrounding chromates wrought in 1993 by Erin Brokovich and the subsequent dramatisation of events in the eponymous 2000 movie. (spectroscopynow.com)