Chromaffin Granules
Chromaffin System
Adrenal Medulla
The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Chromaffin Cells
Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system.
Cattle
Chromogranins
A group of acidic proteins that are major components of SECRETORY GRANULES in the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. They play important roles in the aggregation, packaging, sorting, and processing of secretory protein prior to secretion. They are cleaved to release biologically active peptides. There are various types of granins, usually classified by their sources.
Chromogranin A
A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is also found in other tissues and in many species including human, bovine, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 431 to 445 amino acid residues. It contains fragments that inhibit vasoconstriction or release of hormones and neurotransmitter, while other fragments exert antimicrobial actions.
Exocytosis
Adrenal Glands
Intracellular Membranes
Chromogranin B
A type of chromogranin which was initially characterized in a rat PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA CELL LINE. It is found in many species including human, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 626 to 657 amino acid residues. In some species, it inhibits secretion of PARATHYROID HORMONE or INSULIN and exerts bacteriolytic effects in others.
Annexin A7
Tetrabenazine
Catecholamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
Carboxypeptidase H
Enkephalins
Secretory Vesicles
Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone
Reserpine
An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.
Cell Fractionation
Enkephalin, Methionine
Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase
Membranes
Norepinephrine
Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins
Proton-Translocating ATPases
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Adenosine Triphosphate
Nigericin
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Epinephrine
The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.
Ascorbic Acid
A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.
Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins
Tyramine
An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.
Dienestrol
Cytochrome b Group
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Annexins
Family of calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins which are structurally related and exhibit immunological cross-reactivity. Each member contains four homologous 70-kDa repeats. The annexins are differentially distributed in vertebrate tissues (and lower eukaryotes) and appear to be involved in MEMBRANE FUSION and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.
Cells, Cultured
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Proprotein Convertase 2
Cell Membrane
Syntaxin 1
Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
Valinomycin
A cyclododecadepsipeptide ionophore antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fulvissimus and related to the enniatins. It is composed of 3 moles each of L-valine, D-alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, D-valine, and L-lactic acid linked alternately to form a 36-membered ring. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Valinomycin is a potassium selective ionophore and is commonly used as a tool in biochemical studies.
Microscopy, Immunoelectron
Amino Acid Sequence
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Membrane Fusion
Subcellular Fractions
Components of a cell produced by various separation techniques which, though they disrupt the delicate anatomy of a cell, preserve the structure and physiology of its functioning constituents for biochemical and ultrastructural analysis. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p163)
Biological Transport
Carboxypeptidases
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Veratridine
Endorphins
One of the three major groups of endogenous opioid peptides. They are large peptides derived from the PRO-OPIOMELANOCORTIN precursor. The known members of this group are alpha-, beta-, and gamma-endorphin. The term endorphin is also sometimes used to refer to all opioid peptides, but the narrower sense is used here; OPIOID PEPTIDES is used for the broader group.
Membrane Proteins
Vesicular Transport Proteins
A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.
Magnesium
Dopamine
One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.
Neuropeptides
Membrane Potentials
The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).
Amines
Digitonin
Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases
Cerebellum
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
Potassium
An element in the alkali group of metals with an atomic symbol K, atomic number 19, and atomic weight 39.10. It is the chief cation in the intracellular fluid of muscle and other cells. Potassium ion is a strong electrolyte that plays a significant role in the regulation of fluid volume and maintenance of the WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE.
Recombinant SFD isoforms activate vacuolar proton pumps. (1/429)
The vacuolar proton pump of clathrin-coated vesicles is composed of two general sectors, a cytosolic, ATP hydrolytic domain (V1) and an intramembranous proton channel, V0. V1 is comprised of 8-9 subunits including polypeptides of 50 and 57 kDa, termed SFD (Sub Fifty-eight-kDa Doublet). Although SFD is essential to the activation of ATPase and proton pumping activities catalyzed by holoenzyme, its constituent polypeptides have not been separated to determine their respective roles in ATPase functions. Recent molecular characterization of these subunits revealed that they are isoforms that arise through an alternative splicing mechanism (Zhou, Z., Peng, S.-B., Crider, B.P., Slaughter, C., Xie, X.S., and Stone, D.K. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5878-5884). To determine the functional characteristics of the 57-kDa (SFDalpha)1 and 50-kDa (SFDbeta) isoforms, we expressed these proteins in Escherichia coli. We determined that purified recombinant proteins, rSFDalpha and rSFDbeta, when reassembled with SFD-depleted holoenzyme, are functionally interchangeable in restoration of ATPase and proton pumping activities. In addition, we determined that the V-pump of chromaffin granules has only the SFDalpha isoform in its native state and that rSFDalpha and rSFDbeta are equally effective in restoring ATPase and proton pumping activities to SFD-depleted enzyme. Finally, we found that SFDalpha and SFDbeta structurally interact not only with V1, but also withV0, indicating that these activator subunits may play both structural and functional roles in coupling ATP hydrolysis to proton flow. (+info)Early requirement for alpha-SNAP and NSF in the secretory cascade in chromaffin cells. (2/429)
NSF and alpha-SNAP have been shown to be required for SNARE complex disassembly and exocytosis. However, the exact requirement for NSF and alpha-SNAP in vesicular traffic through the secretory pathway remains controversial. We performed a study on the kinetics of exocytosis from bovine chromaffin cells using high time resolution capacitance measurement and electrochemical amperometry, combined with flash photolysis of caged Ca2+ as a fast stimulus. alpha-SNAP, a C-terminal mutant of alpha-SNAP, and NEM were assayed for their effects on secretion kinetics. Two kinetically distinct components of catecholamine release can be observed upon fast step-like elevation of [Ca2+]i. One is the exocytotic burst, thought to represent the readily releasable pool of vesicles. Following the exocytotic burst, secretion proceeds slowly at maintained high [Ca2+]i, which may represent vesicle maturation/recruitment, i.e. some priming steps after docking. alpha-SNAP increased the amplitude of both the exocytotic burst and the slow component but did not change their kinetics, which we examined with millisecond time resolution. In addition, NEM only partially inhibited the slow component without altering the exocytotic burst, fusion kinetics and the rate of endocytosis. These results suggest a role for alpha-SNAP/NSF in priming granules for release at an early step, but not modifying the fusion of readily releasable granules. (+info)Sympathomimetic effects of MIBG: comparison with tyramine. (3/429)
Because nothing is known about whether metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) has tyramine-like actions, the sympathomimetic effects of MIBG were determined in the isolated rabbit heart and compared with those of tyramine. METHODS: Spontaneously beating rabbit hearts were perfused with Tyrode's solution (Langendorff technique; 37 degrees C; 26 mL/min), and the heart rate as well as the norepinephrine and dopamine overflow into the perfusate was measured before and after doses of MIBG or tyramine (0.03-10 micromol) given as bolus injections (100 microL) into the aortic cannula. Km and Vmax values for the neuronal uptake (uptake1) of 125I-MIBG and 14C-tyramine were obtained in human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. The Ki of MIBG for inhibition of the 3H-catecholamine uptake mediated by the vesicular monoamine transporter was determined in membrane vesicles obtained from bovine chromaffin granules and compared with the previously reported Ki value for tyramine determined under identical experimental conditions. RESULTS: By producing increases in heart rate and norepinephrine overflow, both compounds had dose-dependent sympathomimetic effects in the rabbit heart. MIBG was much less effective than tyramine in increasing heart rate (maximum effect 59 versus 156 beats/min) and norepinephrine overflow (maximum effect 35 versus 218 pmol/g). Tyramine also caused increases in dopamine overflow, whereas MIBG was a poor dopamine releaser. At a dose of 10 micromol, the increase in heart rate lasted more than 60 min after MIBG and about 20 min after tyramine injection. Accordingly, the norepinephrine overflow caused by 10 micromol MIBG and tyramine declined with half-lives of 57.8 and 2.2 min, respectively. The effects of both drugs were drastically reduced in hearts exposed to 2 micromol/L desipramine. The kinetic parameters characterizing the saturation of neuronal uptake by 125I-MIBG and 14C-tyramine were similar for the two compounds: Km values of MIBG and tyramine were 1.6 and 1.7 micromol/L, respectively, and Vmax values of MIBG and tyramine were 43 and 37 pmol/mg protein/min, respectively. However, in inhibiting the vesicular 3H-catecholamine uptake, MIBG was eight times less potent than tyramine. CONCLUSION: MIBG is much less effective than tyramine as an indirect sympathomimetic agent. This is probably a result of its relatively low affinity for the vesicular monoamine transporter and explains the relatively poor ability of the drug to mobilize norepinephrine stored in synaptic vesicles. The long duration of MIBG action results primarily from the drug not being metabolized by monoamine oxidase. The sympathomimetic effects of MIBG described here are not likely to come into play in patients given diagnostic or common therapeutic doses of radioiodinated MIBG. (+info)nSec-1 (munc-18) interacts with both primed and unprimed syntaxin 1A and associates in a dimeric complex on adrenal chromaffin granules. (4/429)
The target-SNARE syntaxin 1A is an essential component of the core machinery required for regulated exocytosis (where SNARE is the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-attachment protein receptor). Syntaxin 1A interacts with a variety of other proteins, two of which, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein (alpha-SNAP) have been suggested to impart a conformational rearrangement on this protein during a reaction referred to as priming. We have studied the effect of the primed state on the binding properties of syntaxin 1A and we have confirmed that primed syntaxin 1A no longer associated with alpha-SNAP or its cognate vesicle-SNARE, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP). Under such conditions, however, it retained the ability to bind to nSec-1. It has been demonstrated that nSec-1, a regulatory protein also involved in neuronal exocytosis, binds syntaxin 1A with high affinity in vitro, although evidence for this physical interaction occurring in vivo has proven elusive. We analysed the subcellular distribution of these two proteins in fractions from bovine adrenal medulla and detected syntaxin 1A and nSec-1 in both plasma membrane and chromaffin-granule fractions. Using a cross-linking approach with chromaffin-granule membranes we detected a putative dimeric complex composed of approx. 54% total granule membrane nSec-1 and approx. 30% total syntaxin 1A. The results of this study therefore suggest the possibility of nSec-1 interactions with primed syntaxin 1A and demonstrate a potentially significant interaction of syntaxin 1A and nSec-1 on the membranes of chromaffin granules. (+info)Molecular cloning of endopin 1, a novel serpin localized to neurosecretory vesicles of chromaffin cells. Inhibition of basic residue-cleaving proteases by endopin 1. (5/429)
Serpins represent a diverse class of endogenous protease inhibitors that regulate important biological functions. In consideration of the importance of regulated proteolysis within secretory vesicles for the production of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, this study revealed the molecular identity of a novel serpin, endopin 1, that is localized to neurosecretory vesicles of neuropeptide-containing chromaffin cells (chromaffin granules). Endopin 1 of 68-70 kDa was present within isolated chromaffin granules. Stimulated cosecretion of endopin 1 with chromaffin granule components, [Met]enkephalin and a cysteine protease known as "prohormone thiol protease," demonstrated localization of endopin 1 to functional secretory vesicles. Punctate, discrete immunofluorescence cellular localization of endopin 1 in chromaffin cells was consistent with its secretory vesicle localization. Endopin 1 contains a unique reactive site loop with Arg as the predicted P1 residue, suggesting inhibition of basic residue-cleaving proteases; indeed, trypsin was potently inhibited (K(i(app)) of 5 nM), and plasmin was moderately inhibited. Although endopin 1 possesses homology with alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin, chymotrypsin was not inhibited. Moreover, endopin 1 inhibited the chromaffin granule prohormone thiol protease (involved in proenkephalin processing). These results suggest a role for the novel serpin, endopin 1, in regulating basic residue-cleaving proteases within neurosecretory vesicles of chromaffin cells. (+info)Comparison of cysteine string protein (Csp) and mutant alpha-SNAP overexpression reveals a role for csp in late steps of membrane fusion in dense-core granule exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells. (6/429)
Assembly of the SNARE complex and its disassembly caused by the action of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) and NSF is crucial for the maintenance of vesicular traffic, including fusion of regulated exocytotic vesicles. Various other proteins may also have important roles in the processes leading to membrane fusion via interaction with the SNARE proteins, including the secretory vesicle cysteine string protein (Csp). Here we have examined the effect of overexpression of a dominant negative alpha-SNAP mutant or Csp on exocytosis of dense-core granules in single chromaffin cells monitored using amperometry to detect released catecholamine. Exocytosis of trans-Golgi network (TGN)-derived dense-core granules was substantially inhibited by expression of alpha-SNAP(L294A). The amplitude and characteristics of the individual release events were unaffected by expression of alpha-SNAP(L294A), consistent with an essential role for alpha-SNAP in early steps of priming but not in the fusion process. In contrast, Csp overexpression, which also inhibited the extent of exocytosis, also modified the kinetics of the individual release events seen as an increase in the rise time and a broadening of the residual amperometric spikes in Csp-transfected cells. These results suggest that unlike alpha-SNAP, Csp plays a key role in the protein interactions close to the fusion process or fusion pore opening during Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis. (+info)A pleckstrin homology domain specific for phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) and fused to green fluorescent protein identifies plasma membrane PtdIns-4,5-P2 as being important in exocytosis. (7/429)
Kinetically distinct steps can be distinguished in the secretory response from neuroendocrine cells with slow ATP-dependent priming steps preceding the triggering of exocytosis by Ca(2+). One of these priming steps involves the maintenance of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P(2)) through lipid kinases and is responsible for at least 70% of the ATP-dependent secretion observed in digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells. PtdIns-4,5-P(2) is usually thought to reside on the plasma membrane. However, because phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is an integral chromaffin granule membrane protein, PtdIns-4,5-P(2) important in exocytosis may reside on the chromaffin granule membrane. In the present study we have investigated the localization of PtdIns-4,5-P(2) that is involved in exocytosis by transiently expressing in chromaffin cells a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that specifically binds PtdIns-4, 5-P(2) and is fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). The PH-GFP protein predominantly associated with the plasma membrane in chromaffin cells without any detectable association with chromaffin granules. Rhodamine-neomycin, which also binds to PtdIns-4,5-P(2), showed a similar subcellular localization. The transiently expressed PH-GFP inhibited exocytosis as measured by both biochemical and electrophysiological techniques. The results indicate that the inhibition was at a step after Ca(2+) entry and suggest that plasma membrane PtdIns-4,5-P(2) is important for exocytosis. Expression of PH-GFP also reduced calcium currents, raising the possibility that PtdIns-4,5-P(2) in some manner alters calcium channel function in chromaffin cells. (+info)Nitric oxide modulates a late step of exocytosis. (8/429)
The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the late phase of exocytosis have been studied, by amperometry, on Ba(2+)-stimulated chromaffin cells. Acute incubation with NO or NO donors (sodium nitroprusside, spermine-NO, S-nitrosoglutathione) produced a drastic slowdown of the granule emptying. Conversely, cell treatment with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (a NO synthase inhibitor) or with NO scavengers (methylene blue, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5, 5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium) accelerated the extrusion of catecholamines from chromaffin granules, suggesting the presence of a NO modulatory tone. The incubation with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine or zaprinast) or with the cell-permeant cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP, mimicked the effects of NO, suggesting the involvement of the guanylate cyclase cascade. NO effects were not related to changes in intracellular Ba(2+). NO did not modify the duration of feet. Effects were evident even on pre-fusioned granules, observed under hypertonic conditions, suggesting that the fusion pore is not the target for NO, which probably acts by modifying the affinity of catecholamines for the intragranular matrix. NO could modify the synaptic transmitter efficacy through a novel mechanism, which involves the regulation of the emptying of secretory vesicles. (+info)Proenkephalin processing enzyme with specificity toward paired basic residues purified from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules ...
Membranes of chromaffin granules. Isolation and partial characterization of two proteins | Biochemical Journal
Structural and Enzti1atic Studies of Dopamine-ß-Hydroxylase from Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Granules
Glycosylation and transmembrane topography of bovine chromaffin granule p65 | Biochemical Journal
Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the C subunit of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase from bovine chromaffin...
Role of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol in the fusion of chromaffin granules with target membranes. - PubMed - NCBI
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) / Herbal products / CAM-Cancer
Subcellular compartmentalization of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium with catecholamines in adrenal medullary chromaffin vesicles...
Differential subcellular distribution of PC1, PC2 and furin in bovine adrenal medulla and secretion of PC1 and PC2 from this...
Plus it
Cloning and characterisation of hAps1 and hAps2, human diadenosine polyphosphate-metabolising Nudix hydrolases | BMC...
Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase (Dopamine beta-Monooxygenase) (DBH) ELISA Kits
The actions of propofol on inhibitory amino acid receptors of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells and rodent central...
N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine: a facile electron donor and chromophoric substrate for dopamine beta-monooxygenase
Microsequencing of dopamine beta-monooxygenase<...
Further Characterization of Dopamine Release by Permeabilized PC 12 Cells
Authors: International Symposium on Chromaffin Cell Biology 1986 : Coolfont, W. Va.) / Languages: English / Subjects: Cellular...
Sparrho | Muscarinic receptor subtypes in bovine adrenal medulla
Chromaffin cell financial definition of chromaffin cell
Chromaffin cells legal definition of Chromaffin cells
BAM (8-22) (Bovine Adrenal Medulla 8-22) | Abcam
The extent that vesicles maintain a definite identity and morphology after - ersistent Inhibition of ABL Tyrosine Kinase
Anti-DBH Antibody, - OriGene
Amine-derived hormones (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathways
Amine-derived hormones (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathways
EPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 500MG MODIFIED RELEASE GRANULES | Drugs.com
Secretion of [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7-related peptides and catecholamines from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: modification...
Recapture after exocytosis causes differential retention of protein in granules of bovine chromaffin cells<...
Functional and morphological characteristics of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells on macroporous poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)...
Chromaffin granule amine transporter
Doc2b synchronizes secretion from chromaffin cells by stimulating fast and inhibiting sustained release
Plus it
Chromophil - Wikipedia
EP0405884A1 - Electrostatic coating of detergent granules - Google Patents
Mouse Adrenal Chromaffin Cell Isolation | Protocol
Sodium-azide-evoked noradrenaline and catecholamine release from peripheral sympathetic nerves and chromaffin cells<...
Common Functional Genetic Variants in Catecholamine Storage Vesicle Protein Promoter Motifs Interact to Trigger Systemic...
Short-Term Changes in the Ca2+-Exocytosis Relationship during Repetitive Pulse Protocols in Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Cells |...
Munc18-1 phosphorylation by protein kinase C potentiates vesicle pool replenishment in bovine chromaffin cells :: MPG.PuRe
Cell-free translation of enkephalin-precursor messenger RNA from bovine adrenal medulla and corpus striatum.<...
Autonomic function in hypertension; role of genetic variation at the catecholamine storage vesicle protein chromogranin B
Role Of Secretory Granule Heterogeneity In Calcium-Triggered Exocytosis by Tejeshwar Rao
The mechanistic aspects of gene reg - hourchop icu
Basic introduction to systemic hypertension - ppt video online download
ELUCIDATION OF THE RATE-LIMITING STEP IN NOREPINEPHRINE BIOSYNTHESIS IN THE PERFUSED GUINEA-PIG HEART | Journal of Pharmacology...
Adrenomedullary hormones synonyms, adrenomedullary hormones antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Arun Anantharam | UM Neuroscience Graduate Program
Three-dimensional quantification of the morphology and intragranular void ratio of a shelly carbonate sand - City Research...
DI-fusion Cloning of candidate autoantigen carboxypeptidase H from a...
Publications | Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
Reactome | Homologues of RAB44 [azurophil granule membrane]
Reactome | Homologues of ATP11B [azurophil granule membrane]
GCD :: Issue :: Ghosts #1
US20070104794A1 - Enzyme granules - Google Patents
RootShield PLUS - Granules
V-ATPase
Johnson RG, Beers MF, Scarpa A (September 1982). "H+ ATPase of chromaffin granules. Kinetics, regulation, and stoichiometry". ...
ATPase
Njus D, Knoth J, Zallakian M (1981). "Proton-linked transport in chromaffin granules". Current Topics in Bioenergetics. 11: 107 ...
Chromaffin cell
The hormones are secreted from chromaffin granules; this is where the enzyme dopamine β-hydroxylase catalyses the conversion of ... in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells UC-San Diego Chromaffin Cell and Hypertension Research A Primer on Chromaffin Cells Rat Chromaffin ... Szewczyk, A; Lobanov, NA; Kicińska, A; Wójcik, G; Nałecz, MJ (2001). "ATP-sensitive K+ transport in adrenal chromaffin granules ... Chromaffin cells also settle near the vagus nerve and carotid arteries. In lower concentrations, extra-adrenal chromaffin cells ...
Ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane)
Flatmark T, Terland O (December 1971). "Cytochrome b 561 of the bovine adrenal chromaffin granules. A high potential b-type ...
ATP6V0D1
An accessory polypeptide of the H+-ATPase from chromaffin granules". J. Biol. Chem. 263 (33): 17638-42. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258( ...
Morpheein
Stewart, L C; Klinman, J P (1988). "Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase of Adrenal Chromaffin Granules: Structure and Function". Annual ...
Granule (cell biology)
Chromaffin granule Kurloff cell "granule" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary Sharda, Anish; Flaumenhaft, Robert (28 February 2018 ... The granules of leukocytes are classified as azurophilic granules or specific granules. Leukocyte granules are released in ... or other granule cargos. Dense granules (also known as δ-granules) are the second most abundant platelet granules, with 3-8 per ... The granules of platelets are classified as dense granules and alpha granules. α-Granules are unique to platelets and are the ...
CYB561
Duong LT, Fleming PJ (1982). "Isolation and properties of cytochrome b561 from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules". J. Biol. ... an integral protein of the chromaffin granule membrane". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (39): 22714-20. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.39.22714. PMID ...
Chromophil
... cells are mostly hormone-producing cells containing so-called chromaffin granules. In these subcellular structures, ...
Vesicular monoamine transporter
The VMAT were first isolated and purified in bovine chromaffin granules, in both its native and denatured forms. There are two ... 1994). "The chromaffin granule and synaptic vesicle amine transporters differ in substrate recognition and sensitivity to ... VMAT1 may be found in neuroendocrine cells, particularly chromaffin and enterochromaffin granules, which are primarily found in ... 1994). "Biochemistry and molecular biology of the vesicular monoamine transporter from chromaffin granules". J Exp Biol. 196: ...
Chromaffin
Chromophil cells, hormone producing cells showing chromaffin granules that readily absorb chromium stains. This disambiguation ... Chromaffin may refer to: Chromaffin cells, neuroendocrine cells in the adrenal medulla. ... page lists articles associated with the title Chromaffin. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to ...
Tropomyosin
"Presence of tropomyosin in adrenal chromaffin cells and its association with chromaffin granule membranes". FEBS Lett. 179 (1 ...
Carboxypeptidase E
... and adrenal gland chromaffin cells. Within cells, carboxypeptidase E is present in the secretory granules along with its ... and characterization of a specific enkephalin-synthesizing carboxypeptidase localized to adrenal chromaffin granules". ... acts as a sorting signal for regulated secretory proteins in the trans-Golgi network of the pituitary and in secretory granules ...
ATP6V1C1
1990). "Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the C subunit of H(+)-ATPase from bovine chromaffin granules". J. Biol. Chem. 265 ( ...
Chromogranin A
... of glycosylated and phosphorylated chromogranin A-derived peptide 173-194 from bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin granules". ... As such, it is located in secretory vesicles of neurons and endocrine cells such as islet beta cell secretory granules in the ... It is present in islet beta cell secretory granules. chromogranin-A (CgA)+ Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells account for 0.41% of ... Examples of cells producing chromogranin A (ChgA) are chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, paraganglia, enterochromaffin- ...
Annexin
... that causes calcium-dependent aggregation of isolated chromaffin granules". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 253 (8): 2858-66. ... was the first annexin to be discovered while searching for proteins that promote the contact and fusion of chromaffin granules ... authors used bovine adrenal glands and identified a calcium dependent protein that was responsible for aggregation of granules ...
Nicotine
Calcium triggers the exocytosis of chromaffin granules and thus the release of epinephrine (and norepinephrine) into the ...
Adrenaline
Calcium triggers the exocytosis of chromaffin granules and, thus, the release of adrenaline (and noradrenaline) into the ... VMAT1 is also responsible for transporting newly synthesized adrenaline from the cytosol back into chromaffin granules in ... it must first be shipped out of granules of the chromaffin cells. This may occur via the catecholamine-H+ exchanger VMAT1. ... While PNMT is found primarily in the cytosol of the endocrine cells of the adrenal medulla (also known as chromaffin cells), it ...
ATP6V0E1
... and characterization of a novel 9.2-kDa membrane sector-associated protein of vacuolar proton-ATPase from chromaffin granules ...
Renin receptor
... and characterization of a novel 9.2-kDa membrane sector-associated protein of vacuolar proton-ATPase from chromaffin granules ...
MARCKS
Recently, MARCKS has been implicated in the exocytosis of a number of vesicles and granules such as mucin and chromaffin. It is ...
Iobenguane
MIBG is absorbed by and accumulated in granules of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells, as well as in pre-synaptic adrenergic ... is transported to and stored in the distal storage granules of chromaffin cells in the same way as norepinephrine. "Iobenguane ... functions to provide norepinephrine uptake at the synaptic terminals and adrenal chromaffin cells. MIBG, by bonding to NET, ... neuron granules. The process in which this occurs is closely related to the mechanism employed by norepinephrine and its ...
Biological membrane
... and chromaffin granules). Different types of biological membranes have diverse lipid and protein compositions. The content of ... cytoplasmic granules; cell vesicles (phagosome, autophagosome, clathrin-coated vesicles, COPI-coated and COPII-coated vesicles ...
Adrenal gland
Cells of the adrenal medulla are called chromaffin cells because they contain granules that stain with chromium salts, a ... The chromaffin cells of the medulla are the body's main source of the catecholamines, such as adrenaline and noradrenaline, ... Formation Catecholamines are produced in chromaffin cells in the medulla of the adrenal gland, from tyrosine, a non-essential ... Pheochromocytomas are tumors of the adrenal medulla that arise from chromaffin cells. They can produce a variety of nonspecific ...
Granule
... a structure characteristic of the azurophil eukaryotic cell type Chromaffin granule, a structure characteristic of the ... Look up granule or granules in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A granule is a large particle or grain. It can refer to: ... spherical granules of material found on the surface of the planet Mars Granule (geology), a specified particle size of 2-4 ... Astrophysics and geology: Granule (solar physics), a visible structure in the photosphere of the Sun arising from activity in ...
List of MeSH codes (A11)
... cytoplasmic granules MeSH A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190.207 - chromaffin granules MeSH A11.284.430.214.190.875.190.190.560 - ... cytoplasmic granules MeSH A11.284.430.214.190.500.207 - chromaffin granules MeSH A11.284.430.214.190.500.560 - melanosomes MeSH ...
Vesicular monoamine transporter 1
... (VMAT1) also known as chromaffin granule amine transporter (CGAT) or solute carrier family 18 ... Specifically, VMAT1 is found in chromaffin cells, enterochromaffin cells, and small intensely fluorescent cells (SIFs). ... Chromaffin cells are responsible for releasing the catecholamines (norepinephrine and epinephrine) into systemic circulation. ...
List of MeSH codes (A06)
MeSH A06.224.161 - chromaffin cells MeSH A06.224.207 - chromaffin granules MeSH A06.224.358 - enterochromaffin cells MeSH ... A06.224.365 - enterochromaffin-like cells MeSH A06.224.636 - para-aortic bodies MeSH A06.224.736 - paraganglia, chromaffin MeSH ...
Shimon Schuldiner
Identification and Purification of a Functional Amine Transporter from Bovine Chromaffin Granules. J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3961- ...
Interference reflection microscopy
... bright spots begin to appear inside the dark footprint of the chromaffin cell as a result of exocytosis of dense core granules ... More recently, the technique has been used to study exocytosis in chromaffin cells. When imaged using DIC, chromaffin cells ... Wu MM, Llobet A, Lagnado L (November 2009). "Loose coupling between calcium channels and sites of exocytosis in chromaffin ... An example of vesicle fusion in chromaffin cells using IRM is shown in movie 1. Upon stimulation with 60 mM potassium, multiple ...
List of OMIM disorder codes
KIAA0196 Specific granule deficiency; 245480; CEBPE Speech-language disorder-1; 602081; FOXP2 Spherocytosis, hereditary, type 5 ... familial chromaffin, 4; 115310; SDHB Paragangliomas 2; 601650; SDHAF2 Paragangliomas, familial nonchromaffin, 1, with or ...
Fish anatomy
The interrenal and chromaffin cells are located within the head kidney. The spleen is found in nearly all vertebrates. It is a ... with granule cells and parallel fibers. In electrosensitive fish, the input from the electrosensory system goes to the dorsal ... ISBN 978-0-03-910284-5. Gaber and Abdel-maksoud, Wafaa and Fatma (2019). "Interrenal tissue, chromaffin cells and corpuscles of ...
Paraganglioma
While all contain neurosecretory granules, only in 1-3% of cases is secretion of hormones such as catecholamines abundant ... Paragangliomas originate from paraganglia in chromaffin-negative glomus cells derived from the embryonic neural crest, ... which however are chromaffin-positive.[citation needed] The main treatment modalities are surgery, embolization and ... comprising a small mass of neural crest-derived chromaffin cells. Serves as a common origin of abdominal paragangliomas. Vagal ...
Reelin
In the developing cerebellum, reelin is expressed first in the external granule cell layer (EGL), before the granule cell ... Outside the brain, reelin is found in adult mammalian blood, liver, pituitary pars intermedia, and adrenal chromaffin cells. In ... Frotscher M, Haas CA, Förster E (June 2003). "Reelin controls granule cell migration in the dentate gyrus by acting on the ... and adrenal chromaffin cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (3): 1281-6 ...
List of distinct cell types in the adult human body
... and prolactin Chromaffin cells (adrenal gland) Keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell) Epidermal basal cell (stem cell) ... Interneurons Basket cells Cartwheel cells Stellate cells Golgi cells Granule cells Lugaro cells Unipolar brush cells Martinotti ...
Adult neurogenesis
Bayer, S. A. (1982). "Changes in the total number of dentate granule cells in juvenile and adult rats: a correlated volumetric ... within the adult rat subventricular zone differentiate into dopaminergic neurons after substantia nigra lesion and chromaffin ... Zhao C, Teng EM, Summers RG Jr, Ming GL, Gage FH (2006). "Distinct morphological stages of dentate granule neuron maturation in ... In 1969, Joseph Altman discovered and named the rostral migratory stream as the source of adult generated granule cell neurons ...
Sphingomyelin derivatives increase the frequency of microvesicle and granule fusion in chromaffin cells. | Neuroscience;295:...
Furthermore, SMase does not increase the size of chromaffin granules. Together, these results strongly suggest that SNARE- ... Sphingomyelin derivatives increase the frequency of microvesicle and granule fusion in chromaffin cells. ... reflecting an increase in the frequency of fusion of both microvesicles and chromaffin granules rather than an increase in the ... In functional terms, when cultured rat chromaffin cells are treated with sphingomyelinase (SMase), producing sphingomyelin ...
A reliable method for assessing topographical arrangement of proteins in the chromaffin granule membrane<...
Zaremba S, Hogue-Angeletti R. A reliable method for assessing topographical arrangement of proteins in the chromaffin granule ... A reliable method for assessing topographical arrangement of proteins in the chromaffin granule membrane. / Zaremba, Sam; Hogue ... A reliable method for assessing topographical arrangement of proteins in the chromaffin granule membrane. In: Neurochemical ... An efficient and reliable method for preparing chromaffin granules and membranes for topographical analysis has been designed ...
Wissenschaftliche Publikationen | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Plus it
1982) Inhibition of N-ethylmaleimide of the MgATP-driven proton pump of the chromaffin granules. FEBS Lett 149:71-74. ... 1990) Amphetamine and other psychostimulants reduce pH gradients in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and chromaffin granules: a ... 1996) Secretory granule content proteins and the luminal domains of granule membrane proteins aggregate in vitro at mildly ... granule content proteins from pituitary and chromaffin cells spontaneously aggregate (Colomer et al., 1996). Moreover, insulin ...
https://www.cancer.gov/types/gi-carcinoid-tumors/hp/gi-carcinoid-treatment-pdq
Blaschko H, Comline RS, Schneider FH, et al.: Secretion of a chromaffin granule protein, chromogranin, from the adrenal gland ... of chromaffin granules, is also useful.[43] Although plasma levels of CgA are very sensitive markers of carcinoids, they are ... Large secretory granule-associated markers such as chromogranins A, B, and C and CD57 (low sensitivity and high specificity). ... neuroendocrine cells contain cytoplasmic membrane-bound dense-cored secretory granules (diameter ,80 nm) and may also contain ...
The Influence of a Posture on the Autonomic Nervous System and Stress Hormones in Saliva
THE T-SNARES SYNTAXIN-1 AND SNAP-25 ARE PRESENT ON ORGANELLES THAT PARTICIPATE IN SYNAPTIC VESICLE RECYCLING
SNAP-25 is present on chromaffin granules and acts as a SNAP receptor.. Tagaya M, Genma T, Yamamoto A, Kozaki S, Mizushima S., ... NSF and SNAP are present on adrenal chromaffin granules.. Burgoyne RD, Williams G., FEBS Lett 414(2), 1997 PMID: 9315716 ... Syntaxins on granules promote docking of granules via interactions with munc18.. Borisovska M., Sci Rep 8(1), 2018 PMID: ... Early requirement for alpha-SNAP and NSF in the secretory cascade in chromaffin cells.. Xu T, Ashery U, Burgoyne RD, Neher E., ...
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 905 : Non-neurotoxic Amphetamine Derivatives Release Serotonin through Serotonin Transporters :...
MMDA: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action | DrugBank Online
Chloroquine bafilomycin autophagy
Find Research outputs - Okayama University
Stimulus-secretion coupling: the concept and clues from chromaffin and other cells - Wikidata
The fate of the chromaffin granule during catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla. II. Loss of protein and retention of ... The fate of the chromaffin granule during catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla. 3. Recovery of a purified fraction of ... The fate of the chromaffin granule during catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla. I. Unchanged efflux of phospholipid ... Evidence that the secreting adrenal chromaffin cell releases catecholamines directly from ATP-rich granules ...
DeCS
Chromaffin Granule. Granule, Chromaffin. Granules, Chromaffin. Tree number(s):. A06.224.161.500. A11.284.430.214.190.500.207. ... Chromaffin Granules - Preferred Concept UI. M0004364. Scope note. Organelles in CHROMAFFIN CELLS located in the adrenal glands ... Chromaffin System (1966-1977). Cytoplasmic Granules (1966-1977). Public MeSH Note:. 91; was see under CHROMAFFIN SYSTEM 1978-90 ... Organelles in CHROMAFFIN CELLS located in the adrenal glands and various other organs. These granules are the site of the ...
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters | Articles
Publikationen | Max-Planck-Institut für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften
DeCS Ingl s
研究成果を検索 - 早稲田大学
Serotonin Transporter Research -- Neurotransmitter.net
GlyConnect
Microbodies | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Development of chromaffin cells depends on MASH1 function | Development | The Company of Biologists
Chromaffin cells possess typical ultrastructural features, most notably large chromaffin granules (Coupland, 1972; Coupland and ... cells with predominantly small granules (core diameter ,50 nm) and cells with typical large chromaffin granules (core diameter ... cells with predominantly small granules (core diameter ,50 nm) and cells with typical large chromaffin granules (core diameter ... Most cells in the adrenal medulla of Mash1-/- mice do not contain chromaffin granules, display a very immature, neuroblast-like ...
Cbd hemp oil high cbd | Bankovní technika
Confirmed Speakers | ISCCB-21
Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA: VAMP2 and synaptotagmin mobility in chromaffin granule membranes: implications for regulated ... CLC anion/proton exchangers regulate secretory vesicle filling and granule exocytosis in chromaffin cells ... Wolfhard Almers, Oregon Health and Sciences Univ., USA: Syntaxin clusters and granules at the plasma membrane of cultured ... Emilio Carbone, Univ Torino, Italy: Chromaffin cell firing viewed through MEAs: evidence for two distinct firing modes and well ...
SRI Result Summary | BioGRID
Prohormone support, isarms s4 | Profile
Prohormone 1-test, tren a vs tren e side effects | Profile
None from the MPP+-APP conjugates were substrates for the VMAT, however they were better inhibitors than either the...
... that the major monoamine uptake system in bovine chromaffin granules is similar to VMAT2 in contrast to rat chromaffin granules ... Likewise, the kinetics from the relationships of TBZ (5), RES (6), KET (7), and DTBZOH (8) using the bovine chromaffin granule ... pharmacological real estate agents with VMAT in addition has been researched using intact bovine chromaffin granules or granule ... using resealed chromaffin granule ghosts are demonstrated in Desk I. Comparison from the Vmax/Km guidelines show how the uptake ...