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Chromaffin GranulesPubMedPeriodicals as TopicChromaffin SystemBooksPublishingAdrenal MedullaChromaffin CellsExocytosisProtein Kinase CChromograninsMercaptoethanolCattleDopamine beta-HydroxylaseCalmodulin-Binding ProteinsCetomacrogolCytoplasmic GranulesTetrabenazineVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsVesicular Biogenic Amine Transport ProteinsSuperstitionsBiogenic MonoaminesTissue Plasminogen ActivatorChondroitin Sulfate ProteoglycansChromogranin AChondroitin SulfatesChondroitin ABC LyaseProteoglycansHeparan Sulfate ProteoglycansAnnexinsCell MembraneAnnexin A4Annexin A2Membrane LipidsCalciumAnnexin A1Amino Acid SequenceCloning, MolecularSNARE ProteinsVesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2Qa-SNARE ProteinsSynaptosomal-Associated Protein 25Vesicular Transport ProteinsR-SNARE ProteinsMembrane FusionEncyclopedias as TopicPhosphatesProton-Translocating ATPasesAdenosine TriphosphatasesMembrane ProteinsSodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseMolecular Sequence Data
Chromaffin Granules: Organelles in CHROMAFFIN CELLS located in the adrenal glands and various other organs. These granules are the site of the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Chromaffin System: The cells of the body which stain with chromium salts. They occur along the sympathetic nerves, in the adrenal gland, and in various other organs.BooksPublishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.Adrenal Medulla: The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ECTODERM, adrenal medulla consists mainly of CHROMAFFIN CELLS that produces and stores a number of NEUROTRANSMITTERS, mainly adrenaline (EPINEPHRINE) and NOREPINEPHRINE. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.Chromaffin Cells: Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. During times of stress, the nervous system signals the vesicles to secrete their hormonal content. Their name derives from their ability to stain a brownish color with chromic salts. Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system.Exocytosis: Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.Protein Kinase C: An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.Chromogranins: A group of acidic proteins that are major components of SECRETORY GRANULES in the endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. They play important roles in the aggregation, packaging, sorting, and processing of secretory protein prior to secretion. They are cleaved to release biologically active peptides. There are various types of granins, usually classified by their sources.MercaptoethanolCattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Dopamine beta-HydroxylaseCalmodulin-Binding Proteins: Proteins which bind calmodulin. They are found in many tissues and have a variety of functions including F-actin cross-linking properties, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and calcium and magnesium ATPases.Cetomacrogol: Non-ionic surfactant of the polyethylene glycol family. It is used as a solubilizer and emulsifying agent in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, often as an ointment base, and also as a research tool.Cytoplasmic Granules: Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.Tetrabenazine: A drug formerly used as an antipsychotic and treatment of various movement disorders. Tetrabenazine blocks neurotransmitter uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system.Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins: A family of vesicular amine transporter proteins that catalyze the transport and storage of CATECHOLAMINES and indolamines into SECRETORY VESICLES.Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins: Integral membrane proteins of the LIPID BILAYER of SECRETORY VESICLES that catalyze transport and storage of biogenic amine NEUROTRANSMITTERS such as ACETYLCHOLINE; SEROTONIN; MELATONIN; HISTAMINE; and CATECHOLAMINES. The transporters exchange vesicular protons for cytoplasmic neurotransmitters.Superstitions: A belief or practice which lacks adequate basis for proof; an embodiment of fear of the unknown, magic, and ignorance.Biogenic Monoamines: Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of natural amino acids.Tissue Plasminogen Activator: A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring and synthetic proteases.Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans: Proteoglycans consisting of proteins linked to one or more CHONDROITIN SULFATE-containing oligosaccharide chains.Chromogranin A: A type of chromogranin which was first isolated from CHROMAFFIN CELLS of the ADRENAL MEDULLA but is also found in other tissues and in many species including human, bovine, rat, mouse, and others. It is an acidic protein with 431 to 445 amino acid residues. It contains fragments that inhibit vasoconstriction or release of hormones and neurotransmitter, while other fragments exert antimicrobial actions.Chondroitin Sulfates: Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.Chondroitin ABC Lyase: An enzyme that catalyzes the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)Proteoglycans: Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Ubiquitous macromolecules associated with the cell surface and extracellular matrix of a wide range of cells of vertebrate and invertebrate tissues. They are essential cofactors in cell-matrix adhesion processes, in cell-cell recognition systems, and in receptor-growth factor interactions. (From Cancer Metastasis Rev 1996; 15(2): 177-86; Hepatology 1996; 24(3): 524-32)Annexins: Family of calcium- and phospholipid-binding proteins which are structurally related and exhibit immunological cross-reactivity. Each member contains four homologous 70-kDa repeats. The annexins are differentially distributed in vertebrate tissues (and lower eukaryotes) and appear to be involved in MEMBRANE FUSION and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.Cell Membrane: The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Annexin A4: Protein of the annexin family originally isolated from the electric organ of the electric ray Torpedo marmorata. It has been found in a wide range of mammalian tissue where it is localized to the apical membrane of polarized EPITHELIAL CELLS.Annexin A2: A member of the annexin family that is a substrate for a tyrosine kinase, ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). Annexin A2 occurs as a 36-KDa monomer and in a 90-KDa complex containing two subunits of annexin A2 and two subunits of S100 FAMILY PROTEIN P11. The monomeric form of annexin A2 was formerly referred to as calpactin I heavy chain.Membrane Lipids: Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.Calcium: A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.Annexin A1: Protein of the annexin family exhibiting lipid interaction and steroid-inducibility.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.SNARE Proteins: A superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the MEMBRANE FUSION events, intracellular protein trafficking and secretory processes. They share a homologous SNARE motif. The SNARE proteins are divided into subfamilies: QA-SNARES; QB-SNARES; QC-SNARES; and R-SNARES. The formation of a SNARE complex (composed of one each of the four different types SNARE domains (Qa, Qb, Qc, and R)) mediates MEMBRANE FUSION. Following membrane fusion SNARE complexes are dissociated by the NSFs (N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FACTORS), in conjunction with SOLUBLE NSF ATTACHMENT PROTEIN, i.e., SNAPs (no relation to SNAP 25.)Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2: A synaptic membrane protein involved in MEMBRANE FUSION of SYNAPTIC VESICLES with the presynaptic membranes. It is the prototype member of the R-SNARE PROTEINS.Qa-SNARE Proteins: A subfamily of Q-SNARE PROTEINS which occupy the same position as syntaxin 1A in the SNARE complex and which also are most similar to syntaxin 1A in their AMINO ACID SEQUENCE. This subfamily is also known as the syntaxins, although a few so called syntaxins are Qc-SNARES.Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25: A ubiquitous target SNARE protein that interacts with SYNTAXIN and SYNAPTOBREVIN. It is a core component of the machinery for intracellular MEMBRANE FUSION. The sequence contains 2 SNARE domains, one is the prototype for the Qb-SNARES, and the other is the prototype for the Qc-SNARES.Vesicular Transport Proteins: A broad category of proteins involved in the formation, transport and dissolution of TRANSPORT VESICLES. They play a role in the intracellular transport of molecules contained within membrane vesicles. Vesicular transport proteins are distinguished from MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS, which move molecules across membranes, by the mode in which the molecules are transported.R-SNARE Proteins: SNARE proteins where the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is an ARGININE. They are classified separately from the Q-SNARE PROTEINS where the central amino acid residue of the SNARE motif is a GLUTAMINE. This subfamily contains the vesicle associated membrane proteins (VAMPs) based on similarity to the prototype for the R-SNAREs, VAMP2 (synaptobrevin 2).Membrane Fusion: The adherence and merging of cell membranes, intracellular membranes, or artificial membranes to each other or to viruses, parasites, or interstitial particles through a variety of chemical and physical processes.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Phosphates: Inorganic salts of phosphoric acid.Proton-Translocating ATPases: Multisubunit enzymes that reversibly synthesize ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE. They are coupled to the transport of protons across a membrane.Adenosine Triphosphatases: A group of enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP. The hydrolysis reaction is usually coupled with another function such as transporting Ca(2+) across a membrane. These enzymes may be dependent on Ca(2+), Mg(2+), anions, H+, or DNA.Membrane Proteins: Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase: An enzyme that catalyzes the active transport system of sodium and potassium ions across the cell wall. Sodium and potassium ions are closely coupled with membrane ATPase which undergoes phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, thereby providing energy for transport of these ions against concentration gradients.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Recombinant SFD isoforms activate vacuolar proton pumps. (1/429)

The vacuolar proton pump of clathrin-coated vesicles is composed of two general sectors, a cytosolic, ATP hydrolytic domain (V1) and an intramembranous proton channel, V0. V1 is comprised of 8-9 subunits including polypeptides of 50 and 57 kDa, termed SFD (Sub Fifty-eight-kDa Doublet). Although SFD is essential to the activation of ATPase and proton pumping activities catalyzed by holoenzyme, its constituent polypeptides have not been separated to determine their respective roles in ATPase functions. Recent molecular characterization of these subunits revealed that they are isoforms that arise through an alternative splicing mechanism (Zhou, Z., Peng, S.-B., Crider, B.P., Slaughter, C., Xie, X.S., and Stone, D.K. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5878-5884). To determine the functional characteristics of the 57-kDa (SFDalpha)1 and 50-kDa (SFDbeta) isoforms, we expressed these proteins in Escherichia coli. We determined that purified recombinant proteins, rSFDalpha and rSFDbeta, when reassembled with SFD-depleted holoenzyme, are functionally interchangeable in restoration of ATPase and proton pumping activities. In addition, we determined that the V-pump of chromaffin granules has only the SFDalpha isoform in its native state and that rSFDalpha and rSFDbeta are equally effective in restoring ATPase and proton pumping activities to SFD-depleted enzyme. Finally, we found that SFDalpha and SFDbeta structurally interact not only with V1, but also withV0, indicating that these activator subunits may play both structural and functional roles in coupling ATP hydrolysis to proton flow.  (+info)

Early requirement for alpha-SNAP and NSF in the secretory cascade in chromaffin cells. (2/429)

NSF and alpha-SNAP have been shown to be required for SNARE complex disassembly and exocytosis. However, the exact requirement for NSF and alpha-SNAP in vesicular traffic through the secretory pathway remains controversial. We performed a study on the kinetics of exocytosis from bovine chromaffin cells using high time resolution capacitance measurement and electrochemical amperometry, combined with flash photolysis of caged Ca2+ as a fast stimulus. alpha-SNAP, a C-terminal mutant of alpha-SNAP, and NEM were assayed for their effects on secretion kinetics. Two kinetically distinct components of catecholamine release can be observed upon fast step-like elevation of [Ca2+]i. One is the exocytotic burst, thought to represent the readily releasable pool of vesicles. Following the exocytotic burst, secretion proceeds slowly at maintained high [Ca2+]i, which may represent vesicle maturation/recruitment, i.e. some priming steps after docking. alpha-SNAP increased the amplitude of both the exocytotic burst and the slow component but did not change their kinetics, which we examined with millisecond time resolution. In addition, NEM only partially inhibited the slow component without altering the exocytotic burst, fusion kinetics and the rate of endocytosis. These results suggest a role for alpha-SNAP/NSF in priming granules for release at an early step, but not modifying the fusion of readily releasable granules.  (+info)

Sympathomimetic effects of MIBG: comparison with tyramine. (3/429)

Because nothing is known about whether metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) has tyramine-like actions, the sympathomimetic effects of MIBG were determined in the isolated rabbit heart and compared with those of tyramine. METHODS: Spontaneously beating rabbit hearts were perfused with Tyrode's solution (Langendorff technique; 37 degrees C; 26 mL/min), and the heart rate as well as the norepinephrine and dopamine overflow into the perfusate was measured before and after doses of MIBG or tyramine (0.03-10 micromol) given as bolus injections (100 microL) into the aortic cannula. Km and Vmax values for the neuronal uptake (uptake1) of 125I-MIBG and 14C-tyramine were obtained in human neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells. The Ki of MIBG for inhibition of the 3H-catecholamine uptake mediated by the vesicular monoamine transporter was determined in membrane vesicles obtained from bovine chromaffin granules and compared with the previously reported Ki value for tyramine determined under identical experimental conditions. RESULTS: By producing increases in heart rate and norepinephrine overflow, both compounds had dose-dependent sympathomimetic effects in the rabbit heart. MIBG was much less effective than tyramine in increasing heart rate (maximum effect 59 versus 156 beats/min) and norepinephrine overflow (maximum effect 35 versus 218 pmol/g). Tyramine also caused increases in dopamine overflow, whereas MIBG was a poor dopamine releaser. At a dose of 10 micromol, the increase in heart rate lasted more than 60 min after MIBG and about 20 min after tyramine injection. Accordingly, the norepinephrine overflow caused by 10 micromol MIBG and tyramine declined with half-lives of 57.8 and 2.2 min, respectively. The effects of both drugs were drastically reduced in hearts exposed to 2 micromol/L desipramine. The kinetic parameters characterizing the saturation of neuronal uptake by 125I-MIBG and 14C-tyramine were similar for the two compounds: Km values of MIBG and tyramine were 1.6 and 1.7 micromol/L, respectively, and Vmax values of MIBG and tyramine were 43 and 37 pmol/mg protein/min, respectively. However, in inhibiting the vesicular 3H-catecholamine uptake, MIBG was eight times less potent than tyramine. CONCLUSION: MIBG is much less effective than tyramine as an indirect sympathomimetic agent. This is probably a result of its relatively low affinity for the vesicular monoamine transporter and explains the relatively poor ability of the drug to mobilize norepinephrine stored in synaptic vesicles. The long duration of MIBG action results primarily from the drug not being metabolized by monoamine oxidase. The sympathomimetic effects of MIBG described here are not likely to come into play in patients given diagnostic or common therapeutic doses of radioiodinated MIBG.  (+info)

nSec-1 (munc-18) interacts with both primed and unprimed syntaxin 1A and associates in a dimeric complex on adrenal chromaffin granules. (4/429)

The target-SNARE syntaxin 1A is an essential component of the core machinery required for regulated exocytosis (where SNARE is the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-attachment protein receptor). Syntaxin 1A interacts with a variety of other proteins, two of which, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein (alpha-SNAP) have been suggested to impart a conformational rearrangement on this protein during a reaction referred to as priming. We have studied the effect of the primed state on the binding properties of syntaxin 1A and we have confirmed that primed syntaxin 1A no longer associated with alpha-SNAP or its cognate vesicle-SNARE, vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP). Under such conditions, however, it retained the ability to bind to nSec-1. It has been demonstrated that nSec-1, a regulatory protein also involved in neuronal exocytosis, binds syntaxin 1A with high affinity in vitro, although evidence for this physical interaction occurring in vivo has proven elusive. We analysed the subcellular distribution of these two proteins in fractions from bovine adrenal medulla and detected syntaxin 1A and nSec-1 in both plasma membrane and chromaffin-granule fractions. Using a cross-linking approach with chromaffin-granule membranes we detected a putative dimeric complex composed of approx. 54% total granule membrane nSec-1 and approx. 30% total syntaxin 1A. The results of this study therefore suggest the possibility of nSec-1 interactions with primed syntaxin 1A and demonstrate a potentially significant interaction of syntaxin 1A and nSec-1 on the membranes of chromaffin granules.  (+info)

Molecular cloning of endopin 1, a novel serpin localized to neurosecretory vesicles of chromaffin cells. Inhibition of basic residue-cleaving proteases by endopin 1. (5/429)

Serpins represent a diverse class of endogenous protease inhibitors that regulate important biological functions. In consideration of the importance of regulated proteolysis within secretory vesicles for the production of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, this study revealed the molecular identity of a novel serpin, endopin 1, that is localized to neurosecretory vesicles of neuropeptide-containing chromaffin cells (chromaffin granules). Endopin 1 of 68-70 kDa was present within isolated chromaffin granules. Stimulated cosecretion of endopin 1 with chromaffin granule components, [Met]enkephalin and a cysteine protease known as "prohormone thiol protease," demonstrated localization of endopin 1 to functional secretory vesicles. Punctate, discrete immunofluorescence cellular localization of endopin 1 in chromaffin cells was consistent with its secretory vesicle localization. Endopin 1 contains a unique reactive site loop with Arg as the predicted P1 residue, suggesting inhibition of basic residue-cleaving proteases; indeed, trypsin was potently inhibited (K(i(app)) of 5 nM), and plasmin was moderately inhibited. Although endopin 1 possesses homology with alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin, chymotrypsin was not inhibited. Moreover, endopin 1 inhibited the chromaffin granule prohormone thiol protease (involved in proenkephalin processing). These results suggest a role for the novel serpin, endopin 1, in regulating basic residue-cleaving proteases within neurosecretory vesicles of chromaffin cells.  (+info)

Comparison of cysteine string protein (Csp) and mutant alpha-SNAP overexpression reveals a role for csp in late steps of membrane fusion in dense-core granule exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells. (6/429)

Assembly of the SNARE complex and its disassembly caused by the action of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) and NSF is crucial for the maintenance of vesicular traffic, including fusion of regulated exocytotic vesicles. Various other proteins may also have important roles in the processes leading to membrane fusion via interaction with the SNARE proteins, including the secretory vesicle cysteine string protein (Csp). Here we have examined the effect of overexpression of a dominant negative alpha-SNAP mutant or Csp on exocytosis of dense-core granules in single chromaffin cells monitored using amperometry to detect released catecholamine. Exocytosis of trans-Golgi network (TGN)-derived dense-core granules was substantially inhibited by expression of alpha-SNAP(L294A). The amplitude and characteristics of the individual release events were unaffected by expression of alpha-SNAP(L294A), consistent with an essential role for alpha-SNAP in early steps of priming but not in the fusion process. In contrast, Csp overexpression, which also inhibited the extent of exocytosis, also modified the kinetics of the individual release events seen as an increase in the rise time and a broadening of the residual amperometric spikes in Csp-transfected cells. These results suggest that unlike alpha-SNAP, Csp plays a key role in the protein interactions close to the fusion process or fusion pore opening during Ca(2+)-regulated exocytosis.  (+info)

A pleckstrin homology domain specific for phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) and fused to green fluorescent protein identifies plasma membrane PtdIns-4,5-P2 as being important in exocytosis. (7/429)

Kinetically distinct steps can be distinguished in the secretory response from neuroendocrine cells with slow ATP-dependent priming steps preceding the triggering of exocytosis by Ca(2+). One of these priming steps involves the maintenance of phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P(2)) through lipid kinases and is responsible for at least 70% of the ATP-dependent secretion observed in digitonin-permeabilized chromaffin cells. PtdIns-4,5-P(2) is usually thought to reside on the plasma membrane. However, because phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase is an integral chromaffin granule membrane protein, PtdIns-4,5-P(2) important in exocytosis may reside on the chromaffin granule membrane. In the present study we have investigated the localization of PtdIns-4,5-P(2) that is involved in exocytosis by transiently expressing in chromaffin cells a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that specifically binds PtdIns-4, 5-P(2) and is fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). The PH-GFP protein predominantly associated with the plasma membrane in chromaffin cells without any detectable association with chromaffin granules. Rhodamine-neomycin, which also binds to PtdIns-4,5-P(2), showed a similar subcellular localization. The transiently expressed PH-GFP inhibited exocytosis as measured by both biochemical and electrophysiological techniques. The results indicate that the inhibition was at a step after Ca(2+) entry and suggest that plasma membrane PtdIns-4,5-P(2) is important for exocytosis. Expression of PH-GFP also reduced calcium currents, raising the possibility that PtdIns-4,5-P(2) in some manner alters calcium channel function in chromaffin cells.  (+info)

Nitric oxide modulates a late step of exocytosis. (8/429)

The effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the late phase of exocytosis have been studied, by amperometry, on Ba(2+)-stimulated chromaffin cells. Acute incubation with NO or NO donors (sodium nitroprusside, spermine-NO, S-nitrosoglutathione) produced a drastic slowdown of the granule emptying. Conversely, cell treatment with N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (a NO synthase inhibitor) or with NO scavengers (methylene blue, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5, 5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium) accelerated the extrusion of catecholamines from chromaffin granules, suggesting the presence of a NO modulatory tone. The incubation with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine or zaprinast) or with the cell-permeant cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP, mimicked the effects of NO, suggesting the involvement of the guanylate cyclase cascade. NO effects were not related to changes in intracellular Ba(2+). NO did not modify the duration of feet. Effects were evident even on pre-fusioned granules, observed under hypertonic conditions, suggesting that the fusion pore is not the target for NO, which probably acts by modifying the affinity of catecholamines for the intragranular matrix. NO could modify the synaptic transmitter efficacy through a novel mechanism, which involves the regulation of the emptying of secretory vesicles.  (+info)

Membranes of chromaffin granules. Isolation and partial characterization of two proteins | Biochemical JournalMembranes of chromaffin granules. Isolation and partial characterization of two proteins | Biochemical Journal
Membranes of chromaffin granules were isolated from the adrenal glands of four different species. The solubilized membrane proteins could be resolved into several bands by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (alkaline and acid gel systems). Two major protein components appeared to be common to the chromaffin granule membranes of ox, horse, pig and man. The various membrane proteins of bovine chromaffin granules were separated by filtration on Sephadex G-200 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Two major membrane proteins (A and B) were obtained in purified form. Treatment of protein A with 2-mercaptoethanol before electrophoresis resulted in two more rapidly migrating subunits, whereas protein B was unaffected by mercaptoethanol treatment. The amino acid compositions of the two purified proteins were determined. They are very similar to that of the total membrane proteins but significantly different from that of the chromogranins, the soluble proteins of chromaffin granules.. ...
Structural and Enzti1atic Studies of Dopamine-ß-Hydroxylase from Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin GranulesStructural and Enzti1atic Studies of Dopamine-ß-Hydroxylase from Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Granules
Dopamine-ß-hydroxylase (DßH), an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, is the only enzyme of the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway located in the chromaffin granules of adrenal medulla. Within the granules, two populations of DßH exist: a water-soluble fraction found within the granule matrix and a membrane-bound, amphiphilic fraction embedded in the surrounding bilayer. The amphiphilic form was purified to homogeneity following its extraction from the membrane with the non-ionic detergent BRIJ 58. Three steps were required to achieve complete purification: adsorption to ConA-Sepharose, adsorption to DEAE Sephadex A-25, and chromatography on Sephacryl S-200, Sepharose 6B, or Sepharose CL-4B. The presence of 0.1-0.2 mg/ml BRIJ 58 was essential for protein recovery. The enzymatic and structural characteristics of membrane-bound DßH were found to be similar to those of soluble DßH. Initial velocity data indicated a Ping-pong or double-displacement reaction with ...
Glycosylation and transmembrane topography of bovine chromaffin granule p65 | Biochemical JournalGlycosylation and transmembrane topography of bovine chromaffin granule p65 | Biochemical Journal
The bovine homologue of p65, a calmodulin-binding protein located in the membranes of synaptic vesicles and endocrine secretory granules, has been studied by the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against this antigen and against dopamine beta-mono-oxygenase. The protein (apparent molecular mass 67 kDa; pI = 5.5-6.2) is partially degraded by treatment with neuraminidase or endoglycosidase F. Trypsin treatment of intact adrenal chromaffin granules or of granule membranes releases a soluble 39 kDa fragment of p65 which corresponds to the whole of its cytoplasmic domain. This domain contains both the epitope for the monoclonal antibody cgm67 and the calmodulin-binding site. The 20 amino acids at the N-terminus of this fragment are identical to part of the rat p65 sequence.. ...
Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the C subunit of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase from bovine chromaffin...Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the C subunit of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase from bovine chromaffin...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the C subunit of H+-ATPase from bovine chromaffin granules. AU - Nelson, H.. AU - Mandiyan, S.. AU - Noumi, T.. AU - Morihama, Y.. AU - Miedel, M. C.. AU - Nelson, N.. PY - 1990/12/18. Y1 - 1990/12/18. N2 - A cDNA encoding subunit C of the V-ATPase from bovine chromaffin granules was cloned and sequenced. The gene encodes a hydrophilic protein of 382 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 43,989. Hydropathy plots revealed no apparent transmembrane segments and a rather high helix content was detected. A cDNA encoding most of the C subunit of the V-ATPase of human brain was also cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of this gene is almost identical to the bovine polypeptide with only one change of tyrosine 336 that was replaced by histidine in the human gene. Two polypeptide fragments derived from subunit E of V-ATPase from chromaffin granules were sequenced and found to be identical to the predicted amino acid sequence ...
Role of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol in the fusion of chromaffin granules with target membranes. - PubMed - NCBIRole of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol in the fusion of chromaffin granules with target membranes. - PubMed - NCBI
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Pomegranate (Punica granatum) / Herbal products / CAM-CancerPomegranate (Punica granatum) / Herbal products / CAM-Cancer
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an edible fruit originating in the Middle East, the juice of which is widely available commercially. Various parts of the fruit including the juice have been used traditionally to treat a range of ailments.. The juice and other extracts have shown a wide range of bioactivity in pre-clinical studies, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and anti-oxidant effects.. On the basis of this research, beneficial effects are claimed in cancer, specifically in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.. Few clinical trials in cancer have been conducted to date: an uncontrolled trial showed promising beneficial effects on prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling time in prostate cancer but subsequent randomised controlled trials have failed to show any difference between pomegranate and placebo. One small randomized clinical trial did not show an effect of pomegranate consumption on breast cancer risk.. Pomegranate juice has been widely consumed for many years. It ...
Subcellular compartmentalization of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium with catecholamines in adrenal medullary chromaffin vesicles...Subcellular compartmentalization of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium with catecholamines in adrenal medullary chromaffin vesicles...
Cultures of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells accumulated 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner by a process that was prevented by desmethylimipramine. The subcellular localization of the incorporated [methyl-3H]MPP+ was examined by differential centrifugation and sucrose density gradient fractionation and was found to be predominantly colocalized with catecholamines in chromaffin vesicles, and negligible amounts were detected within the mitochondrial fraction. When chromaffin cell membranes were made permeable with the detergent digitonin in the absence of calcium, there was no increase in the release of [3H]MPP+, indicating that there is negligible accumulation of the neurotoxin in the cytosol. Simultaneous exposure to digitonin and calcium induced cosecretion of MPP+ and catecholamines. Stimulation of the cells with nicotine released both catecholamines and MPP+ at identical rates and percentages of cellular content in a calcium-dependent ...
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A partially purified preparation of norepinephrine storage particles from the rat heart was studied in vitro. The particles were found to have dopamine β-oxidase activity, indicating that norepinephrine may be formed from dopamine in the storage granules as well as taken up from the cytoplasm of the cell. ATP was found in the particles in the same molar ratio to norepinephrine as has been previously described in adrenal chromaffin granules, and could serve to form a storage complex with the amine. There were only trace amounts of catechol-O-methyl transferase and monoamine oxidase in the preparation. The particles were most stable in solutions at 4°C containing sucrose, magnesium or calcium, but retained about half their catecholamine content in sucrose at 23°C for 1 hour. Norepinephrine was released from the particles into free solution in media of low tonicity or pH, in the presence of the detergent sodium deoxycholate, and by high concentrations of reserpine, tyramine and cocaine. ...
Cloning and characterisation of hAps1 and hAps2, human diadenosine polyphosphate-metabolising Nudix hydrolases | BMC...Cloning and characterisation of hAps1 and hAps2, human diadenosine polyphosphate-metabolising Nudix hydrolases | BMC...
In addition to the canonical ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside phosphates and cofactors, cells contain a large number of minor nucleotides. Among these are the diadenosine polyphosphates (ApnA, where n = 2-7 [1]). Ap3A and Ap4A are the most intensively studied of these and are generally present in the soluble fraction of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells at concentrations between 10 nM and 5 μM [2]. Platelet dense granules, adrenal chromaffin granules and certain synaptic vesicles have been reported to contain high concentrations of Ap5A and Ap6A in addition to Ap3A and Ap4A, all of which can be exocytosed following appropriate stimuli and bind to target cell purinoceptors causing a variety of physiological responses in the cardiovascular and central and peripheral nervous systems [1, 3-5]. However, although Ap6A has been detected in erythrocytes [6], there are no substantiated measurements of Ap5A and Ap6A in the soluble fraction of nucleated cells, and it is likely that they are typically ...
Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase (Dopamine beta-Monooxygenase) (DBH) ELISA KitsDopamine beta-Hydroxylase (Dopamine beta-Monooxygenase) (DBH) ELISA Kits
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The actions of propofol on inhibitory amino acid receptors of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells and rodent central...The actions of propofol on inhibitory amino acid receptors of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells and rodent central...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of The actions of propofol on inhibitory amino acid receptors of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin cells and rodent central neurones. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine: a facile electron donor and chromophoric substrate for dopamine beta-monooxygenaseN,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine: a facile electron donor and chromophoric substrate for dopamine beta-monooxygenase
Dopamine beta-monooxygenase is shown to catalyze the oxidation of N,N,N,N-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (TMPD) to its cation radical in the presence of a regular substrate and molecular oxygen. The enzyme-mediated oxidation of TMPD is stoichiometrically coupled with the hydoxylation of the substrate to the corresponding enzymatic product. TMPD is kinetically well behaved as an alternate electron donor for the enzyme with a potency comparable to that of the most efficient electron donor, ascorbate. Dopamine beta-monooxygenase mediated oxidation of TMPD has been employed to design a convenient and sensitive spectrophotometric assay for the enzyme. The finding that TMPD is a well behaved facile alternate electron donor for dopamine beta-monooxygenase raises some interesting novel questions regarding the specificity and chemistry of the reduction site, which may have important implications on the reduction of active site coppers of the enzyme ...
Microsequencing of dopamine beta-monooxygenase<...Microsequencing of dopamine beta-monooxygenase<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Microsequencing of dopamine beta-monooxygenase. AU - McCafferty, B.. AU - Angeletti, R. H.. PY - 1987. Y1 - 1987. N2 - Tryptic peptides and cyanogen bromide fragments of dopamine beta-monooxygenase (DBH) were prepared and separated on C-8 reverse phase columns by high pressure liquid chromatography. Absorbance profiles at both 220 nm and 280 nm were monitored so that peptides with aromatic residues could be isolated. These peptides were subjected to automated Edmann degradation with a gas phase microsequencer.. AB - Tryptic peptides and cyanogen bromide fragments of dopamine beta-monooxygenase (DBH) were prepared and separated on C-8 reverse phase columns by high pressure liquid chromatography. Absorbance profiles at both 220 nm and 280 nm were monitored so that peptides with aromatic residues could be isolated. These peptides were subjected to automated Edmann degradation with a gas phase microsequencer.. UR - ...
Further Characterization of Dopamine Release by Permeabilized PC 12 CellsFurther Characterization of Dopamine Release by Permeabilized PC 12 Cells
Rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC 12) permeabilized with staphylococcal α-toxin release [3H]dopamine after addition of micromolar Ca2+. This does not require additional Mg2+-ATP (in contrast to bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells). We also observed Ca2+-dependent [3H]-dopamine release from digitonin-permeabilized PC 12 cells. Permeabilization with α-toxin or digitonin and stimulation of the cells were done consecutively to wash out endogenous Mg2+-ATP. During permeabilization, ATP was removed effectively from the cytoplasm by both agents but the cells released [3H]dopamine in response to micromolar Ca2+ alone. Replacement by chloride of glutamate, which could sustain mitochondrial ATP production in permeabilized cells, does not significantly alter catecholamine release induced by Ca2+. However, Mg2+ without ATP augments the Ca2+-induced release. The release was unaltered by thiol-, hydroxyl-, or calmodulin-interfering substances. Thus Mg2+-ATP, calmodulin, or proteins containing -SH or -OH ...
Sparrho | Muscarinic receptor subtypes in bovine adrenal medullaSparrho | Muscarinic receptor subtypes in bovine adrenal medulla
Catecholamine secretion in the bovine adrenal medulla is evoked largely by nicotinic receptor activation. However, bovine adrenal medulla also contain muscarini
Chromaffin cells legal definition of Chromaffin cellsChromaffin cells legal definition of Chromaffin cells
Definition of Chromaffin cells in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is Chromaffin cells? Meaning of Chromaffin cells as a legal term. What does Chromaffin cells mean in law?
Chromaffin cell financial definition of chromaffin cellChromaffin cell financial definition of chromaffin cell
Definition of chromaffin cell in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is chromaffin cell? Meaning of chromaffin cell as a finance term. What does chromaffin cell mean in finance?
BAM (8-22) (Bovine Adrenal Medulla 8-22) | AbcamBAM (8-22) (Bovine Adrenal Medulla 8-22) | Abcam
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Anti-DBH Antibody, - OriGeneAnti-DBH Antibody, - OriGene
DBH - Rabbit polyclonal antibody to Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase (dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase)) available from OriGene
Amine-derived hormones (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathwaysAmine-derived hormones (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathways
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; dopamine beta-monooxygenase) is a copper-containing glycoprotein consisting of four identical subunits and catalyzes the oxidation of dopamine to norepinephrine. It requires ascorbic acid as an electron donor. DBH is localized in the norepinephrinergic and epinephrinergic neurons in the central nervous system. The enzyme exists in the secretory vesicles as both soluble and membrane-bound forms. The soluble form is secreted with catecholamines by exocytosis whereas the membrane-bound form is recycled into the vesicles ...
Amine-derived hormones (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathwaysAmine-derived hormones (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathways
Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH; dopamine beta-monooxygenase) is a copper-containing glycoprotein consisting of four identical subunits and catalyzes the oxidation of dopamine to norepinephrine. It requires ascorbic acid as an electron donor. DBH is localized in the norepinephrinergic and epinephrinergic neurons in the central nervous system. The enzyme exists in the secretory vesicles as both soluble and membrane-bound forms. The soluble form is secreted with catecholamines by exocytosis whereas the membrane-bound form is recycled into the vesicles ...
EPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 500MG MODIFIED RELEASE GRANULES | Drugs.comEPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 500MG MODIFIED RELEASE GRANULES | Drugs.com
Patient information for EPILIM CHRONOSPHERE 500MG MODIFIED RELEASE GRANULES Including dosage instructions and possible side effects.
Secretion of [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7-related peptides and catecholamines from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: modification...Secretion of [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7-related peptides and catecholamines from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: modification...
Investigations into the effects of culturing bovine adrenal chromaffin cells in the presence (72 h) of dibutyryl cyclic AMP, forskolin, and reserpine on the level and release of [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7 immunoreactivity, noradrenaline, and adrenaline are reported. The assay for [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7 immunoreactivity recognises both peptide B, the 31-amino acid carboxy-terminal segment of proenkephalin, and its heptapeptide fragment, [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7. Treatments that elevate cyclic AMP increase the amount of peptide immunoreactivity in these cells; this is predominantly peptide B-like immunoreactivity in both control cells and cyclic AMP-elevated cells. Treatment with reserpine gives no change in total immunoreactivity levels, but does not result in increased accumulation of the heptapeptide [Met]enkephalyl-Arg6-Phe7 at the expense of immunoreactivity that elutes with its immediate precursor, peptide B. Cyclic AMP treatment causes either no change or a decrease in levels of accumulated
Recapture after exocytosis causes differential retention of protein in granules of bovine chromaffin cells<...Recapture after exocytosis causes differential retention of protein in granules of bovine chromaffin cells<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Recapture after exocytosis causes differential retention of protein in granules of bovine chromaffin cells. AU - Perrais, David. AU - Kleppe, Ingo C.. AU - Taraska, Justin W.. AU - Almers, Wolfhard. PY - 2004/10/15. Y1 - 2004/10/15. N2 - After exocytosis, chromaffin granules release essentially all their catecholamines in small fractions of a second, but it is unknown how fast they release stored peptides and proteins. Here we compare the exocytic release of fluorescently labelled neuropeptide Y (NPY) and tissue plasminogen activator from single granules. Exocytosis was tracked by measuring the membrane capacitance, and single granules in live cells were imaged by evanescent field microscopy. Neuropeptide Y left most granules in small fractions of a second, while tissue plasminogen activator remained in open granules for minutes. Taking advantage of the dependence on pH of the fluorescence of green fluorescent protein, we used rhythmic external acidification to determine whether ...
Functional and morphological characteristics of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells on macroporous poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)...Functional and morphological characteristics of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells on macroporous poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)...
Adrenal chromaffin cells (ACCs) secrete several neuroactive substances that are effective in influencing pain sensitivity in the central nervous system as well as enhancing the recovery of the intrinsic nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in patients w
Chromaffin granule amine transporterChromaffin granule amine transporter
The vesicular monoamine transporter acts to accumulate cytosolic monoamines into vesicles, using the proton gradient maintained across the vesicular membrane. Its proper function is essential to the correct activity of the monoaminergic systems that have been implicated in several human neuropsychiatric disorders. The transporter is a site of action of important drugs, including reserpine and tetrabenazine (Peter et al., 1993 [PubMed 7905859]). See also SLC18A2 (MIM 193001).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008 ...
Doc2b synchronizes secretion from chromaffin cells by stimulating fast and inhibiting sustained releaseDoc2b synchronizes secretion from chromaffin cells by stimulating fast and inhibiting sustained release
Synaptotagmin-1 and -7 constitute the main calcium sensors mediating SNARE-dependent exocytosis in mouse chromaffin cells, but the role of a closely related calcium-binding protein, Doc2b, remains enigmatic. We investigated its role in chromaffin cells using Doc2b knock-out mice and high temporal resolution measurements of exocytosis. We found that the calcium dependence of vesicle priming and release triggering remained unchanged, ruling out an obligatory role for Doc2b in those processes. However, in the absence of Doc2b, release was shifted from the readily releasable pool to the subsequent sustained component. Conversely, upon overexpression of Doc2b, the sustained component was largely inhibited whereas the readily releasable pool was augmented. Electron microscopy revealed an increase in the total number of vesicles upon Doc2b overexpression, ruling out vesicle depletion as the cause for the reduced sustained component. Further experiments showed that, in the absence of Doc2b, the ...
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In general, DA, after its synthesis, is taken up and stored in specialized subcellular organelles, the storage granules, to ensure its regulated release via exocytosis. Most information about the granular transport mechanism(s) and storage mechanism(s) of DA (and monoamines in general) has been obtained by using chromaffin granules isolated from adrenal medullary cells or PC12 cells as experimental substrate (Roda et al., 1980). Thus, it is presently known that the DAergic granular transport system consists of at least two components: (1) a so-called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), structurally distinct from the plasma membrane DA transporter, and (2) a vacuolar-type ATP-driven H+ pump, which provides the electrochemical gradient on which the transporter depends for its function (Johnson, 1988; Schuldiner, 1994). Drugs such as reserpine and tetrabenazine deplete intracellular DA stores by selectively interfering with transmitter uptake via the VMAT. In the present set of experiments, we ...
Chromophil - WikipediaChromophil - Wikipedia
A chromophil biological cell is a cell which is easily stainable by absorbing chromium salts used in histology to increase the visual contrast of samples for microscopy. Chromophil cells are mostly hormone-producing cells containing so-called chromaffin granules. In these subcellular structures, amino acid precursors to certain hormones are accumulated and subsequently decarboxylated to the corresponding amines, for example epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine or serotonin. Chromophil cells therefore belong to the group of APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) cells. These cells are scattered throughout the whole body, but particularly in glands such as the hypothalamus, hypophysis, thyroid, parathyroid and pancreas ...
EP0405884A1 - Electrostatic coating of detergent granules - Google PatentsEP0405884A1 - Electrostatic coating of detergent granules - Google Patents
A process for making coated detergent granules by producing detergent granules and then uniformly distributing finely divided powder onto the surfaces of the detergent granules by means of an electrostatic charging and delivery system. The detergent granules are preferably glutinous (hot and/or sticky) and freely falling during application of the electrostatically charged powder particles. Detergent granules made according to this process are also covered.
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine carboxypeptidase E<...Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine carboxypeptidase E<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine carboxypeptidase E. AU - Fricker, Lloyd D.. AU - Evans, Chris J.. AU - Esch, Fred S.. AU - Herbert, Edward. PY - 1986/12/1. Y1 - 1986/12/1. N2 - Carboxypeptidase E (enkephalin convertase) was first identified as the carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of enkephalin in bovine adrenal chromaffin granules1. A similar enzyme is present in many brain regions1,2 and in purified secretory granules from rat pituitary3 and rat insulinoma4. Within the secretory granules, carboxypeptidase E (CPE) activity is found in both a soluble and a membrane-bound form1, which differ slightly in relative molecular mass (Mr)5. Here, to investigate whether the CPE activities in the various tissues are produced from a single gene, purified CPE was partially sequenced and oligonucleotide probes were used to isolate a clone encoding CPE from a bovine pituitary complementary DNA library. This cDNA hybridizes to bovine pituitary poly(A)+ ...
Sodium-azide-evoked noradrenaline and catecholamine release from peripheral sympathetic nerves and chromaffin cells<...Sodium-azide-evoked noradrenaline and catecholamine release from peripheral sympathetic nerves and chromaffin cells<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sodium-azide-evoked noradrenaline and catecholamine release from peripheral sympathetic nerves and chromaffin cells. AU - Török, Tamás L.. AU - Pauló, Tünde. AU - Tóth, Péter T.. AU - Azzidani, Awad M.. AU - Powis, David A.. AU - Magyar, K.. PY - 1989. Y1 - 1989. N2 - 1. 1. The spontaneous release of [3H]noradrenaline ([3H]NA) has been measured from rabbit pulmonary arteries and bovine chromaffin cells in the presence of neuronal uptake blocker cocaine (3 × 10-5 M). 2. 2. The Na+-pump inhibitor sodium-azide (NaN3, 2 mM) produced a moderate increase of [3H]NA release from both preparations and relaxed the arteries. The [3H]releasing action of NaN3 was accompanied by a 30% inhibition of 86Rb-uptake into chromaffin cells. 3. 3. In both preparations, ouabain (10-4 M) markedly increased the release of [3H], contracted the arteries and inhibited the 86Rb-uptake of chromaffin cells by about 75%. A combined application of NaN3 and ouabain produced a similar inhibition of ...
Common Functional Genetic Variants in Catecholamine Storage Vesicle Protein Promoter Motifs Interact to Trigger Systemic...Common Functional Genetic Variants in Catecholamine Storage Vesicle Protein Promoter Motifs Interact to Trigger Systemic...
Common Functional Genetic Variants in Catecholamine Storage Vesicle Protein Promoter Motifs Interact to Trigger Systemic Hypertension Academic Article ...
Munc18-1 phosphorylation by protein kinase C potentiates vesicle pool replenishment in bovine chromaffin cells :: MPG.PuReMunc18-1 phosphorylation by protein kinase C potentiates vesicle pool replenishment in bovine chromaffin cells :: MPG.PuRe
Author: Nili, U. et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Published in Print: 2006-12-01; Title: Munc18-1 phosphorylation by protein kinase C potentiates vesicle pool replenishment in bovine chromaffin cells
Cell-free translation of enkephalin-precursor messenger RNA from bovine adrenal medulla and corpus striatum.<...Cell-free translation of enkephalin-precursor messenger RNA from bovine adrenal medulla and corpus striatum.<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cell-free translation of enkephalin-precursor messenger RNA from bovine adrenal medulla and corpus striatum.. AU - Sabol, S. L.. AU - Dandekar, Satya. AU - Kranzler, L. S.. PY - 1982. Y1 - 1982. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0020021542&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0020021542&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. C2 - 7124494. AN - SCOPUS:0020021542. VL - 33. SP - 175. EP - 181. JO - Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology. JF - Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology. SN - 0065-2229. ER - ...
Autonomic function in hypertension; role of genetic variation at the catecholamine storage vesicle protein chromogranin BAutonomic function in hypertension; role of genetic variation at the catecholamine storage vesicle protein chromogranin B
Background: Hypertension is a complex trait, with deranged autonomic control of circulation. Chromogranin B (CHGB) is the most abundant core protein in human catecholamine secretory vesicles, playing an important role in their biogenesis. Does common interindividual variation at the CHGB locus contribute to phenotypic variation in CHGB and catecholamine secretion, autonomic stability of circulation, or blood pressure (BP) in the population? Methods and Results: To probe interindividual variability in CHGB, we systematically studied polymorphism across the locus by resequencing CHGB (≈6 kbp footprint spanning the promoter, 5 exons, exon/intron borders, untranslated regions) in 160 subjects (2n=320 chromosomes) of diverse biogeographic ancestries. We identified 53 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, of which 22 were common. We then studied 1182 subjects drawn from the most extreme BP values in the population (highest and lowest 5th percentiles), typing 4 common polymorphisms spanning the ≈14 kbp ...
Role Of Secretory Granule Heterogeneity In Calcium-Triggered Exocytosis by Tejeshwar Rao"Role Of Secretory Granule Heterogeneity In Calcium-Triggered Exocytosis " by Tejeshwar Rao
The sympathetic nervous system is activated by a variety of threats to organismal homeostasis. The adrenomedullary chromaffin cell is the core effector of sympathetic activity in the peripheral nervous system. By design, the chromaffin cell secretory response is mutable so that release can be rapidly tuned to drive context-dependent changes in physiological function. However, the mechanisms by which this tuning is achieved with such high temporal fidelity and context specificity remain unclear. This represents a major gap in our understanding of the sympatho-adrenal system since it is known to modify the function of nearly every organ system in the body. In chromaffin cells, the trigger for stimulus-evoked exocytosis is a rise in intracellular Ca2+. The level of intracellular Ca2+ accumulation varies with the stimulus intensity and secretagogue. Ca2+ regulates release by acting on the Ca2+-binding synaptotagmin (Syt) protein family, driving their penetration into membranes that harbor anionic lipids,
The mechanistic aspects of gene reg - hourchop icuThe mechanistic aspects of gene reg - hourchop icu
A case-control study of 959 prevalent cases of parkinsonism (767 with PD) and 1989 controls across five European centres. Mucin gene mRNA levels in broilers challenged with eimeria and/or Clostridium perfringens. The bootstrapping procedure indicated that the parameter estimates were very stable, thus lending greater credence to the model.. These data provide a reference for the Y-STR database in Jilin Province, and they may be valuable for population genetic analysis. Ten-year experience using a plastic, disposable curette for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Of the eight patients with Stage II-III disease, six patients eventually died of metastatic disease despite additional radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.. These data provide important new insight into augmentin bambini the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis resistance in co-stimulated T cells. In chromaffin cells, ARF6 is specifically associated with the membrane of secretory chromaffin granules. Analysis of the complete ...
Basic introduction to systemic hypertension - ppt video online downloadBasic introduction to systemic hypertension - ppt video online download
18 Adrenaline and noradrenaline: Most of the synthesis occurs in the adrenergic nerve ending and stored in granular vesicles called chromaffin granules close to the site of release into synaptic cleft . Biosynthesis could also occur in suprarenal medulla and other tissues. The enzyme (N-methyl transferase) which catalyses the conversion of noradrenaline to adrenaline occurs almost exclusively in suprarenal medulla and is therefore missing in the peripheral nerve terminals. Hence noradrenaline is the final step in the synthetic process in most adrenergic nerves. Catecholamines are sympathomimetics that contain the catechol nucleus (e.g. noradrenaline and adrenaline). Catecholamines are stored in synaptic granules in two forms in equilibrium: Bound noradrenaline with ATP and protein is the (inactive part). Free noradrenaline is released by nerve stimulation. Another portion of it is stored in the cytoplasm in free form (cytoplasmic free noradrenaline). ...
Adrenomedullary hormones synonyms, adrenomedullary hormones antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comAdrenomedullary hormones synonyms, adrenomedullary hormones antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for adrenomedullary hormones in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for adrenomedullary hormones. 2 synonyms for hormone: endocrine, internal secretion. What are synonyms for adrenomedullary hormones?
Arun Anantharam | UM Neuroscience Graduate ProgramArun Anantharam | UM Neuroscience Graduate Program
Area of interest: Mechanisms of stress transduction at the sympatho-adrenal synapse; optical studies of hormone trafficking and secretion in the adrenomedullary chromaffin cell.
Three-dimensional quantification of the morphology and intragranular void ratio of a shelly carbonate sand - City Research...Three-dimensional quantification of the morphology and intragranular void ratio of a shelly carbonate sand - City Research...
Shelly carbonate sands represent an extreme soil type in terms of their mechanical behavior which derives from the bioclastic nature of the constituent grains. In their uncemented form, these deposits exhibit very high compressibility, which has posed a number of geotechnical engineering problems; in most cases related to the reduction in the bearing capacities of both shallow and deep foundations. Remarkable features of these carbonate sands include the complex shape and the structural weakness of the grains and the high inter and intra granular porosity. Previous studies, have quoted the interlocking of the angular shelly particles to be at the origin of their high friction angles and high initial void ratio, however, up until now, no scientific micro-scale examination has been carried out. This paper presents a non-invasive image based investigation into the grain morphology of a carbonate sand from the Persian Gulf. This sand has a median grain size of 570μm and a high CaCO3 content in the ...
DI-fusion Cloning of candidate autoantigen carboxypeptidase H from a...DI-fusion Cloning of candidate autoantigen carboxypeptidase H from a...
DI-fusion, le Dépôt institutionnel numérique de lULB, est loutil de référencementde la production scientifique de lULB.Linterface de recherche DI-fusion permet de consulter les publications des chercheurs de lULB et les thèses qui y ont été défendues.
Publications | Max Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryPublications | Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
Nili, U.; de Wit, H.; Gulyas-Kovacs, A.; Toonen, R. F.; Soerensen, J. B.; Verhage, M.; Ashery, U.: Munc18-1 phosphorylation by protein kinase C potentiates vesicle pool replenishment in bovine chromaffin cells. Neuroscience 143 (2), pp. 487 - 500 (2006 ...
Reactome | Homologues of RAB44 [azurophil granule membrane]Reactome | Homologues of RAB44 [azurophil granule membrane]
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
Reactome | Ap1m1 [specific granule membrane]Reactome | Ap1m1 [specific granule membrane]
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
US20070104794A1 - Enzyme granules - Google PatentsUS20070104794A1 - Enzyme granules - Google Patents
The present application relates to a steam treated pelletized feed composition comprising a granule comprising a core and a coating wherein the core comprises an active compound and the coating comprises a salt.
RootShield PLUS - GranulesRootShield PLUS - Granules
OMRI Listed and EPA registered, this product contains two beneficial microbial fungi that deliver an extended range of pathogen control.
Calcium signalling in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: additive effects of histamine and nicotine. - Department of PsychiatryCalcium signalling in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells: additive effects of histamine and nicotine. - Department of Psychiatry
In a previous report, we described the ability of two secretogogues, histamine and nicotine, to stimulate additive effects on catecholamine (CA) release and synapsin II phosphorylation in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells (BACC) [Firestone and Browning (1992), J. Neurochem., 58:441-447]. We hypothesized that these results were due to the combined effects on cytosolic Ca++ of the two distinct signalling pathways. We therefore examined the intracellular Ca++ signals stimulated by histamine and nicotine, alone and together. In Ca(++)-deficient medium, nicotine-stimulated signals were abolished, whereas histamine-stimulated signals were maintained, demonstrating that nicotine depended entirely on Ca++ influx for its effects. Indeed, the nicotine-stimulated signal could also be prevented using a Ca++ channel blocker, nicardipine. Further, the observation that exposure of BACC to thapsigargin reduced histamine-stimulated Ca++ signals verified that histamine mobilizes Ca++ from intracellular stores. Thus, the
Synaptotagmin-1 and-7 are functionally overlapping ca2+ sensors for exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cellsSynaptotagmin-1 and-7 are functionally overlapping ca2+ sensors for exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells
Synaptotagmin-1, the canonical isoform of the synaptotagmin family, is a Ca(2+) sensor for fast synchronous neurotransmitter release in forebrain neurons and chromaffin cells. Even though deletion of synaptotagmin-1 abolishes fast exocytosis in chromaffin cells, it reduces overall secretion by only 20% because of the persistence of slow exocytosis. Therefore, another Ca(2+) sensor dominates release in these cells. Synaptotagmin-7 has a higher Ca(2+) affinity and slower binding kinetics than synaptotagmin-1, matching the proposed properties for the second, slower Ca(2+) sensor. Here, we examined Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis in chromaffin cells from KO mice lacking synaptotagmin-7, and from knockin mice containing normal levels of a mutant synaptotagmin-7 whose C(2)B domain does not bind Ca(2+). In both types of mutant chromaffin cells, Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis was decreased dramatically. Moreover, in chromaffin cells lacking both synaptotagmin-1 and -7, only a very slow release component, ...
Chromaffin cell | anatomy | BritannicaChromaffin cell | anatomy | Britannica
Other articles where Chromaffin cell is discussed: human nervous system: The endocrine system: Within the adrenal medulla are chromaffin cells, which are homologous to sympathetic neurons and, like sympathetic neurons, are developed from embryonic neural crest cells. Chromaffin cells produce epinephrine (adrenaline) and, to a much lesser extent, norepinephrine as well as other chemicals such as chromogranins, enkephalins, and neuropeptide Y-all of which…
Molecular Basis for the Inactivation of Ca2+- and Voltage-Dependent BK Channels in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells and Rat Insulinoma...Molecular Basis for the Inactivation of Ca2+- and Voltage-Dependent BK Channels in Adrenal Chromaffin Cells and Rat Insulinoma...
Large-conductance Ca2+- and voltage-dependent potassium (BK) channels exhibit functional diversity not explained by known splice variants of the single Slo α-subunit. Here we describe an accessory subunit (β3) with homology to other β-subunits of BK channels that confers inactivation when it is coexpressed with Slo. Message encoding the β3 subunit is found in rat insulinoma tumor (RINm5f) cells and adrenal chromaffin cells, both of which express inactivating BK channels. Channels resulting from coexpression of Slo α and β3 subunits exhibit properties characteristic of native inactivating BK channels. Inactivation involves multiple cytosolic, trypsin-sensitive domains. The time constant of inactivation reaches a limiting value ∼25-30 msec at Ca2+ of 10 μm and positive activation potentials. Unlike Shaker N-terminal inactivation, but like native inactivating BK channels, a cytosolic channel blocker does not compete with the native inactivation process. Finally, the β3 subunit confers a ...
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The ACh-stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells is mainly triggered by an influx of Ca2+ through the nAChR channel, VOC, and the subsequent activation of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, all of which contribute to CA release. These events in response to ACh are of short duration, whereas PACAP induces large and sustained increases in [Ca2+]i and CA release. The present study sought to elucidate which pathways (nAChR channel, VOC, SOC, or an unidentified channel) contribute to this peculiar Ca2+ and secretory response to PACAP.. Reports vary concerning the effect of VOC blockers on PACAP-induced rise in [Ca2+]i and CA release. For example, Przywara et al. (1996) showed that in rat cultured adrenal chromaffin cells, neither L- nor N-type VOC participates in the PACAP-induced CA release. On the other hand,Fukushima et al. (2001b) showed that nifedipine, L-type VOC antagonist, reduced PACAP-induced CA release in isolated perfused rat adrenal gland. Tanaka et al. (1996) reported ...
Adrenomedullary Chromaffin Cells as a Model to Study the Neurobiology of Ascorbic Acid: From Monooxygenation to Neuromodulation...Adrenomedullary Chromaffin Cells as a Model to Study the Neurobiology of Ascorbic Acid: From Monooxygenation to Neuromodulation...
S. Karanth, W. H. Yu, A. Walczewska, C. Mastronardi, S. M. McCann, Ascorbic acid acts as an inhibitory transmitter in the hypothalamus to inhibit stimulated luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone release by scavenging nitric oxide, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2000, 97, 4, ...
PQDT OpenPQDT Open
Adrenal chromaffin cells are excitable neuroendocrine cells that have been widely used as a simple model of neurosecretion. In vivo, acetylcholine released from preganglionic neurons binds to nicotinic receptors, which are Na+ ionophores, causing Na+ influx that depolarizes the plasma membrane. Depolarization in turn causes voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) to open, leading to an influx of Ca2+ that activates the fusion of secretory granules with the plasma membrane, resulting in catecholamine release that occurs within milliseconds. This Ca2+-dependent secretory process is referred to as exocytosis. Previous investigations exploring the potential for nanosecond electric pulses (NEPs) to serve as a novel bioelectric stimulus of neurosecretion in chromaffin cells have shown that in chromaffin cells exposed to 5 ns, 5 MV/m electric pulses, catecholamine release is stimulated in a manner that relies on Ca2+ influx via VGCCs. The goal of the present study was to further understand this novel ...
Chromaffin cells | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.orgChromaffin cells | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org
Chromaffin cells are neuroendocrine cells found predominantly in the medulla of the adrenal gland. They are also found in other ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system and are derived from the embryonic neural crest. Embryology They arise in ...
ChannelpediaChannelpedia
The properties of Ca(2+)- and voltage-dependent K+ currents and their role in defining membrane potential were studied in cultured rat chromaffin cells. Two variants of large-conductance, Ca2+ and voltage-dependent BK channels, one noninactivating and one inactivating, were largely segregated among patches. Whole-cell noninactivating and inactivating currents resulting from each of these channels were segregated among different chromaffin cells. Cell-to-cell variation in the rate and extent of whole-cell current decay was not explained by differences in cytosolic [Ca2+] regulation among cells; rather, variation was due to differences in the intrinsic properties of the underlying BK channels. About 75% of rat chromaffin cells and patches express inactivating BK current (termed BKi) while the remainder express noninactivating BK current (termed BKs). The activation time course of both currents is similar, as is the dependence of activation on [Ca2+] and membrane potential. However, deactivation of ...
CNTF, FGF, and NGF collaborate to drive the terminal differentiation of MAH cells into postmitotic neurons.CNTF, FGF, and NGF collaborate to drive the terminal differentiation of MAH cells into postmitotic neurons.
The differentiation of neuronal cell progenitors depends on complex interactions between intrinsic cellular programs and environmental cues. Such interactions have recently been explored using an immortalized sympathoadrenal progenitor cell line, MAH. These studies have revealed that depolarizing conditions, in combination with exposure to FGF, can induce responsiveness to NGF. Here we report that CNTF, which utilizes an intracellular signaling pathway distinct from that of both FGF and NGF, can collaborate with FGF to promote efficiently the differentiation of MAH progenitor cells to a stage remarkably reminiscent of NGF-dependent, postmitotic sympathetic neurons. We also find that similar collaborative interactions can occur during transdifferentiation of normal cultured chromaffin cells into sympathetic neurons ...
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Doxycycline synthroid. In most instances, the biopsy is taken from the actual tumor. Chlorpromazine was with- drawn and doxycycline synthroid substituted (up to a maximum of 600 mgday). Chronic morphine increases levels synthrodi types I (ACI) and VIII (ACVIII) adenylyl cyclase, PKA catalytic (C) and regulatory type II (RII) subunits, and several phosphoproteins, including CREB and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in norepinephrine biosynthesis.
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V-ATPaseV-ATPase
ATPaseATPase
Ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane)Ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane)
ATP6V0D1ATP6V0D1
MorpheeinMorpheein
CYB561CYB561
ChromophilChromophil
Vesicular monoamine transporterVesicular monoamine transporter
ATPase V, a enciclopedia libreATPase V, a enciclopedia libre
TropomyosinTropomyosin
Carboxypeptidase ECarboxypeptidase E
ATP6V1C1ATP6V1C1
Chromogranin AChromogranin A
AnnexinAnnexin
NicotineNicotine
ATP6V0E1ATP6V0E1
MARCKSMARCKS
Vezikularni monoaminski transporter - ВикипедијаVezikularni monoaminski transporter - Википедија
Biological membraneBiological membrane
Adrenal glandAdrenal gland
List of MeSH codes (A11)List of MeSH codes (A11)
Vesicular monoamine transporter 1Vesicular monoamine transporter 1
List of MeSH codes (A06)List of MeSH codes (A06)
Shimon SchuldinerShimon Schuldiner
ChromaffinChromaffin
Chromaffin cellChromaffin cell
GranuleGranule
Granule (cell biology)Granule (cell biology)
SYT2 - ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرةSYT2 - ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة
ParagangliomaParaganglioma
Endocrine system - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaEndocrine system - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Beta cellBeta cell
Adrenal glandAdrenal gland
Biological membraneBiological membrane
囊泡 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书囊泡 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
Enterochromaffin cellEnterochromaffin cell
Endocrine systemEndocrine system
List of OMIM disorder codesList of OMIM disorder codes
ReelinReelin
List of distinct cell types in the adult human bodyList of distinct cell types in the adult human body
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
Chromaffin GranulesPubMedPeriodicals as TopicChromaffin SystemBooksPublishingAdrenal MedullaChromaffin CellsExocytosisProtein Kinase CChromograninsMercaptoethanolCattleDopamine beta-HydroxylaseCalmodulin-Binding ProteinsCetomacrogolCytoplasmic GranulesTetrabenazineVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsVesicular Biogenic Amine Transport ProteinsSuperstitionsBiogenic MonoaminesTissue Plasminogen ActivatorChondroitin Sulfate ProteoglycansChromogranin AChondroitin SulfatesChondroitin ABC LyaseProteoglycansHeparan Sulfate ProteoglycansAnnexinsCell MembraneAnnexin A4Annexin A2Membrane LipidsCalciumAnnexin A1Amino Acid SequenceCloning, MolecularSNARE ProteinsVesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2Qa-SNARE ProteinsSynaptosomal-Associated Protein 25Vesicular Transport ProteinsR-SNARE ProteinsMembrane FusionEncyclopedias as TopicPhosphatesProton-Translocating ATPasesAdenosine TriphosphatasesMembrane ProteinsSodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseMolecular Sequence Data
Role of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol in the fusion of chromaffin granules with target membranes. - PubMed - NCBIRole of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol in the fusion of chromaffin granules with target membranes. - PubMed - NCBI
Transport of Ca2+ and Na+ across the chromaffin-granule membrane | Biochemical JournalTransport of Ca2+ and Na+ across the chromaffin-granule membrane | Biochemical Journal
Glycosylation and transmembrane topography of bovine chromaffin granule p65 | Biochemical JournalGlycosylation and transmembrane topography of bovine chromaffin granule p65 | Biochemical Journal
Structural and Enzti1atic Studies of Dopamine-ß-Hydroxylase from Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin GranulesStructural and Enzti1atic Studies of Dopamine-ß-Hydroxylase from Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Granules
Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the C subunit of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase from bovine chromaffin...Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding the C subunit of H<sup>+</sup>-ATPase from bovine chromaffin...
Chromaffin granule | anatomy | Britannica.comChromaffin granule | anatomy | Britannica.com
Protein kinase C enhances exocytosis from chromaffin cells by increasing the size of the readily releasable pool of secretory...Protein kinase C enhances exocytosis from chromaffin cells by increasing the size of the readily releasable pool of secretory...
Human Metabolome Database: Showing Protein Chromaffin granule amine transporter (HMDBP03857)Human Metabolome Database: Showing Protein Chromaffin granule amine transporter (HMDBP03857)
Synaptotagmin isoforms confer distinct activation kinetics and dynamics to chromaffin cell granules | JGPSynaptotagmin isoforms confer distinct activation kinetics and dynamics to chromaffin cell granules | JGP
Identification and purification of a functional amine transporter from bovine chromaffin granules. - Semantic ScholarIdentification and purification of a functional amine transporter from bovine chromaffin granules. - Semantic Scholar
Proenkephalin-processing enzymes in chromaffin granules: model for neu by Vivian Y. Hook, Martin R. Schiller et al."Proenkephalin-processing enzymes in chromaffin granules: model for neu" by Vivian Y. Hook, Martin R. Schiller et al.
Chromaffin granule amine transporterChromaffin granule amine transporter
The Association of Dynamin with Synaptophysin Regulates Quantal Size and Duration of Exocytotic Events in Chromaffin Cells |...The Association of Dynamin with Synaptophysin Regulates Quantal Size and Duration of Exocytotic Events in Chromaffin Cells |...
Recapture after exocytosis causes differential retention of protein in granules of bovine chromaffin cells<...Recapture after exocytosis causes differential retention of protein in granules of bovine chromaffin cells<...
A reliable method for assessing topographical arrangement of proteins in the chromaffin granule membrane<...A reliable method for assessing topographical arrangement of proteins in the chromaffin granule membrane<...
Kinetics of permeability changes induced by electric impulses in chromaffin granulesKinetics of permeability changes induced by electric impulses in chromaffin granules
Chromaffin granule and PC12 cell chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and their relation to chromogranin A - Fingerprint -...Chromaffin granule and PC12 cell chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans and their relation to chromogranin A - Fingerprint -...
Annexins: linking Ca 2+ signalling to membrane dynamics | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell BiologyAnnexins: linking Ca 2+ signalling to membrane dynamics | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Rapid SNARE-mediated fusion of liposomes and chromaffin granules with giant unilamellar vesicles. :: MPG.PuReRapid SNARE-mediated fusion of liposomes and chromaffin granules with giant unilamellar vesicles. :: MPG.PuRe
Alphabetical Browse | BritannicaAlphabetical Browse | Britannica
Plus itPlus it
ATPase - WikipediaATPase - Wikipedia
The reduction of membrane-bound dopamine beta-monooxygenase in resealed chromaffin granule ghosts. Is intragranular ascorbic...The reduction of membrane-bound dopamine beta-monooxygenase in resealed chromaffin granule ghosts. Is intragranular ascorbic...
Uptake of the neurotoxin, 4-methylphenylpyridinium, into chromaffin granules and synaptic vesicles: A proton gradient drives...Uptake of the neurotoxin, 4-methylphenylpyridinium, into chromaffin granules and synaptic vesicles: A proton gradient drives...
V-ATPase - WikipediaV-ATPase - Wikipedia
Recombinant Human SYT2 protein (ab165289) | AbcamRecombinant Human SYT2 protein (ab165289) | Abcam
Anti-Synaptotagmin 1 antibody (ab106621) | AbcamAnti-Synaptotagmin 1 antibody (ab106621) | Abcam
Brain dopamine and serotonin differ in regulation and its consequences | PNASBrain dopamine and serotonin differ in regulation and its consequences | PNAS
Acetylcholine Metabolism in PC12, A Clonal Cell Line on Secretory Cells | SpringerLinkAcetylcholine Metabolism in PC12, A Clonal Cell Line on Secretory Cells | SpringerLink
Chromogranin A (A11) | ALZFORUMChromogranin A (A11) | ALZFORUM
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
Chromaffin GranulesPubMedPeriodicals as TopicChromaffin SystemBooksPublishingAdrenal MedullaChromaffin CellsExocytosisProtein Kinase CChromograninsMercaptoethanolCattleDopamine beta-HydroxylaseCalmodulin-Binding ProteinsCetomacrogolCytoplasmic GranulesTetrabenazineVesicular Monoamine Transport ProteinsVesicular Biogenic Amine Transport ProteinsSuperstitionsBiogenic MonoaminesTissue Plasminogen ActivatorChondroitin Sulfate ProteoglycansChromogranin AChondroitin SulfatesChondroitin ABC LyaseProteoglycansHeparan Sulfate ProteoglycansAnnexinsCell MembraneAnnexin A4Annexin A2Membrane LipidsCalciumAnnexin A1Amino Acid SequenceCloning, MolecularSNARE ProteinsVesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2Qa-SNARE ProteinsSynaptosomal-Associated Protein 25Vesicular Transport ProteinsR-SNARE ProteinsMembrane FusionEncyclopedias as TopicPhosphatesProton-Translocating ATPasesAdenosine TriphosphatasesMembrane ProteinsSodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPaseMolecular Sequence Data
Bovine chromaffinAdrenalGhostsMembranesExocytosisFoundAmine transporterVesicular monoamine tExocytosis in chromaffin cellsVesiclesProteins of chromaffin granulesTrafficking of secretoryLink secretory granulesForm a unique fingerprintSolubleProteinTissue PlasminogBiogenesisLumenDenseATPaseInsulinCatecholaminesAcidicGranular cellSingle granulesAbstractFuseSecretory pathwayPlasma membrane associatedPopulationsFractionPermeabilityCellFractionsBiolDopamineActinRecaptureReadily releasableCytosolic
Bovine chromaffin1
Adrenal1
  • Dopamine-ß-hydroxylase (DßH), an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, is the only enzyme of the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway located in the chromaffin granules of adrenal medulla. (duke.edu)
Ghosts3
  • Polylysine was able to induce fusion of chromaffin granule ghosts with plasma membrane vesicles in the absence of Ca2+. (nih.gov)
  • Chromaffin granule ghosts were induced to fuse with model membranes of different complexities from one resembling the inner monolayer of the erythrocyte membrane to one composed solely of pure phosphatidylserine. (nih.gov)
  • Interestingly, considerably low (microM) Ca2+ concentrations were able to induce fusion of chromaffin granule ghosts with diacylglycerol containing phosphatidylserine vesicles in the presence of polylysine. (nih.gov)
Membranes3
  • Role of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol in the fusion of chromaffin granules with target membranes. (nih.gov)
  • The role of phosphatidylserine and diacylglycerol in the fusion of chromaffin granules with target membranes was investigated in vitro, monitoring the mixing of membrane lipids with the octadecyl rhodamine B fluorescence dequenching assay. (nih.gov)
  • Removal of membrane proteins by trypsinization of chromaffin granule ghost and/or plasma membranes increased the extent of polylysine induced fusion. (nih.gov)
Exocytosis1
  • Our results indicate that acidic phospholipid-like phosphatidylserine may have an important role in the process of fusion and suggest that diacylglycerol, as a destabilizing lipid, may have a role by itself in promoting exocytosis in chromaffin cells. (nih.gov)
Found2
  • Within the granules, two populations of DßH exist: a water-soluble fraction found within the granule matrix and a membrane-bound, amphiphilic fraction embedded in the surrounding bilayer. (duke.edu)
  • Two polypeptide fragments derived from subunit E of V-ATPase from chromaffin granules were sequenced and found to be identical to the predicted amino acid sequence of this subunit from bovine kidney. (elsevier.com)
Amine transporter3
Vesicular monoamine t2
  • Biochemistry and molecular biology of the vesicular monoamine transporter from chromaffin granules. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Long term stimulation changes the vesicular monoamine transporter content of chromaffin granules. (sppin.fr)
Exocytosis in chromaffin cells3
Vesicles12
Proteins of chromaffin granules2
Trafficking of secretory1
Link secretory granules1
Form a unique fingerprint1
Soluble3
  • Within the granules, two populations of DßH exist: a water-soluble fraction found within the granule matrix and a membrane-bound, amphiphilic fraction embedded in the surrounding bilayer. (duke.edu)
  • Electric field pulses, ranging in intensity from 20 to 50 kV/cm and in duration from 10 to 40 [mu]sec, caused a transient increase in the membrane permeability of chromaffin granules from the bovine adrenal medulla, that led to partial release of granule soluble constituents. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that external ascorbate is the sole source of reducing equivalents for D beta M monooxygenation and that internal soluble ascorbate (or dopamine) may not directly reduce or mediate the reduction of membrane-bound D beta M in resealed granule ghosts. (wichita.edu)
Protein10
Tissue Plasminog2
Biogenesis1
Lumen1
  • Sometimes, however, a normal spike was accompanied by only a transient increase in membrane capacitance, indicating that the connection between granule lumen and the outside, or fusion pore, had opened and closed again ( 6 , 7 ). (pnas.org)
Dense1
ATPase5
Insulin3
Catecholamines2
Acidic2
Granular cell1
Single granules3
Abstract1
  • Abstract Quantitative time-lapse evanescent-wave imaging of individual fluorescently labelled chromaffin granules was used for kinetic analysis of granule trafficking through a is similar to 300-nm (1/e[sup optical section beneath the plasma membrane. (ebscohost.com)
Fuse2
  • Syt-7 granules also show a greater tendency to fuse in clusters than Syt-1 granules, and granules harboring Syt-1 travel a greater distance before fusion than those with Syt-7, suggesting that there is spatial and fusion-site heterogeneity among the two granule populations. (rupress.org)
  • Our results show that liposomes and chromaffin granules fuse with GUVs containing activated SNAREs with only few milliseconds delay between docking and fusion. (mpg.de)
Secretory pathway3
Plasma membrane associated1
Populations2
Fraction2
  • It is concluded that a significant fraction of chromaffin granules re-seal after exocytosis, and retain those proteins that leave granules slowly. (elsevier.com)
  • Rather, Monte Carlo simulations, based on the experimental DV size distribution, indicate that the overall statistics of granule placement in the vicinity of the CM is dominated by the constraints of an almost densely packed space, such that specific interactions, through which only a small fraction of the granule population undergo, cannot be discerned. (rupress.org)
Permeability1
Cell12
Fractions1
Biol1
Dopamine2
  • Dopamine-ß-hydroxylase (DßH), an enzyme which catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, is the only enzyme of the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway located in the chromaffin granules of adrenal medulla. (duke.edu)
  • The lack of a significant change in membrane-bound cytochrome b561 and the small increase in dopamine beta-hydroxylase suggest that the higher levels of secretory components in SHRSP are not simply caused by an increase in the number of chromaffin granules, but possibly by a selective increase in the secretory content of these organelles providing a larger package for quantal release by exocytosis. (ahajournals.org)
Actin1
Recapture2
Readily releasable2
Cytosolic1
The Association of Dynamin with Synaptophysin Regulates Quantal Size and Duration of Exocytotic Events in Chromaffin Cells |...
The Association of Dynamin with Synaptophysin Regulates Quantal Size and Duration of Exocytotic Events in Chromaffin Cells |... (jneurosci.org)
Annexins: linking Ca 2+ signalling to membrane dynamics | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Annexins: linking Ca 2+ signalling to membrane dynamics | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (nature.com)
VMAT-Mediated Changes in Quantal Size and Vesicular Volume | Journal of Neuroscience
VMAT-Mediated Changes in Quantal Size and Vesicular Volume | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Recombinant Human SYT2 protein (ab165289) | Abcam
Recombinant Human SYT2 protein (ab165289) | Abcam (abcam.com)
Anti-Synaptotagmin 1 antibody (ab106621) | Abcam
Anti-Synaptotagmin 1 antibody (ab106621) | Abcam (abcam.com)
ATPase V - Wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre
ATPase V - Wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre (gl.wikipedia.org)
Myrip Couples the Capture of Secretory Granules by the Actin-Rich Cell Cortex and Their Attachment to the Plasma Membrane |...
Myrip Couples the Capture of Secretory Granules by the Actin-Rich Cell Cortex and Their Attachment to the Plasma Membrane |... (jneurosci.org)
Cellular and Supramolecular Structure and Function | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
Cellular and Supramolecular Structure and Function | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (nibib.nih.gov)
Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells - Molecular Structure and Interactions | Joseph M. Tager | Springer
Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells - Molecular Structure and Interactions | Joseph M. Tager | Springer (springer.com)
Free Histology Flashcards about UND 363 Pig,min,cyto
Free Histology Flashcards about UND 363 Pig,min,cyto (studystack.com)
Medulla | anatomy | Britannica.com
Medulla | anatomy | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
The Release of Iron from a Subfraction of Rat Liver Highly Enriched in Endosomal Organelles Requires Both a Functional H+...
The Release of Iron from a Subfraction of Rat Liver Highly Enriched in Endosomal Organelles Requires Both a Functional H+... (link.springer.com)
Kavli Workshop in Pucon | The New York Academy of Sciences
Kavli Workshop in Pucon | The New York Academy of Sciences (nyas.org)
Anti-SV2A antibody (ab32942) | Abcam
Anti-SV2A antibody (ab32942) | Abcam (abcam.com)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) | SpringerLink
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (Nmr) | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Frontiers | SR-BI Mediated Transcytosis of HDL in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Is Independent of Caveolin, Clathrin,...
Frontiers | SR-BI Mediated Transcytosis of HDL in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Is Independent of Caveolin, Clathrin,... (frontiersin.org)
Rapid endocytosis coupled to exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells involves Ca2+, GTP, and dynamin but not clathrin | PNAS
Rapid endocytosis coupled to exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells involves Ca2+, GTP, and dynamin but not clathrin | PNAS (pnas.org)
Vmat2 Heterozygous Mutant Mice Display a Depressive-Like Phenotype | Journal of Neuroscience
Vmat2 Heterozygous Mutant Mice Display a Depressive-Like Phenotype | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Kidney-Tonifying Recipe Can Repair Alterations in Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells in Asthmatic Rats
Kidney-Tonifying Recipe Can Repair Alterations in Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells in Asthmatic Rats (hindawi.com)
Synaptic Vesicle Transporter Expression Regulates Vesicle Phenotype and Quantal Size | Journal of Neuroscience
Synaptic Vesicle Transporter Expression Regulates Vesicle Phenotype and Quantal Size | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Extracellular ATP activates store-operated Ca2+ entry in white adipocytes: functional evidence for STIM1 and ORAI1 |...
Extracellular ATP activates store-operated Ca2+ entry in white adipocytes: functional evidence for STIM1 and ORAI1 |... (biochemj.org)
Molecular Structure, Function, and Assembly of the ATP Synthases | Springer for Research & Development
Molecular Structure, Function, and Assembly of the ATP Synthases | Springer for Research & Development (rd.springer.com)
SISIUS: Ficha personal: Guillermo lvarez de Toledo Naranjo
SISIUS: Ficha personal: Guillermo lvarez de Toledo Naranjo (investigacion.us.es)
Publications | Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
Publications | Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (mpibpc.mpg.de)
Plus it
Plus it (jneurosci.org)
A transcriptomic snapshot of early molecular communication between Pasteuria penetrans and Meloidogyne incognita | BMC Genomics...
A transcriptomic snapshot of early molecular communication between Pasteuria penetrans and Meloidogyne incognita | BMC Genomics... (bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com)
Imaging of evoked dense-core-vesicle exocytosis in hippocampal neurons reveals long latencies and kiss-and-run fusion events |...
Imaging of evoked dense-core-vesicle exocytosis in hippocampal neurons reveals long latencies and kiss-and-run fusion events |... (jcs.biologists.org)