Chromaffin Cells
Chromaffin System
Chromaffin Granules
Adrenal Medulla
Adrenal Glands
Exocytosis
Cattle
Chromogranins
Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase
Chromogranin A
Veratridine
Calcium
Digitonin
Secretory Vesicles
Cells, Cultured
Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide
Nicotine
Muscarine
Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase
Para-Aortic Bodies
Enterochromaffin Cells
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Enkephalin, Methionine
Receptors, Nicotinic
Barium
PC12 Cells
Calcium Channels
Membrane Potentials
Pheochromocytoma
Enkephalins
Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25
Splanchnic Nerves
Chromogranin B
Potassium
Proteidae
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
Patch-Clamp Techniques
Nicotinic Antagonists
Cell Membrane Permeability
Neuropeptides
Acetylcholine
Annexin A7
Reserpine
Electrochemistry
Flunarizine
Calcium Channel Blockers
Tetrabenazine
Cell Membrane
Fura-2
Neurosecretion
Calcium Radioisotopes
Membrane Fusion
Electrophysiology
Wasp Venoms
Tetanus Toxin
Cytosol
Intracellular Membranes
Ambystomatidae
Hexamethonium Compounds
R-SNARE Proteins
Synaptotagmin I
Adrenal Cortex
Adenosine Triphosphate
Ganglia, Sympathetic
Vesicular Transport Proteins
Microscopy, Electron
Interrenal Gland
Botulinum Toxins
rab3 GTP-Binding Proteins
Calcium Signaling
Munc18 Proteins
Protein Kinase C
Histamine
Synaptotagmins
Spider Venoms
Hexamethonium
Nicotinic Agonists
Nerve Growth Factors
Neurosecretory Systems
Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels
Nisoldipine
Neurotransmitter Agents
rab3A GTP-Binding Protein
Caffeine
Parasympathomimetics
Cytoplasmic Vesicles
Annexins
Secretory Rate
Syntaxin 1
GTP-Binding Proteins
Mecamylamine
Endorphins
Paraganglia, Chromaffin
Membrane Proteins
Qa-SNARE Proteins
Carbachol
Sodium
Methacholine Compounds
Molecular Sequence Data
Vesicular Biogenic Amine Transport Proteins
Neurons
Neuropeptide Y
A novel ubiquitously expressed alpha-latrotoxin receptor is a member of the CIRL family of G-protein-coupled receptors. (1/697)
Poisoning with alpha-latrotoxin, a neurotoxic protein from black widow spider venom, results in a robust increase of spontaneous synaptic transmission and subsequent degeneration of affected nerve terminals. The neurotoxic action of alpha-latrotoxin involves extracellular binding to its high affinity receptors as a first step. One of these proteins, CIRL, is a neuronal G-protein-coupled receptor implicated in the regulation of secretion. We now demonstrate that CIRL has two close homologs with a similar domain structure and high degree of overall identity. These novel receptors, which we propose to name CIRL-2 and CIRL-3, together with CIRL (CIRL-1) belong to a recently identified subfamily of large orphan receptors with structural features typical of both G-protein-coupled receptors and cell adhesion proteins. Northern blotting experiments indicate that CIRL-2 is expressed ubiquitously with highest concentrations found in placenta, kidney, spleen, ovary, heart, and lung, whereas CIRL-3 is expressed predominantly in brain similarly to CIRL-1. It appears that CIRL-2 can also bind alpha-latrotoxin, although its affinity to the toxin is about 14 times less than that of CIRL-1. When overexpressed in chromaffin cells, CIRL-2 increases their sensitivity to alpha-latrotoxin stimulation but also inhibits Ca2+-regulated secretion. Thus, CIRL-2 is a functionally competent receptor of alpha-latrotoxin. Our findings suggest that although the nervous system is the primary target of low doses of alpha-latrotoxin, cells of other tissues are also susceptible to the toxic effects of alpha-latrotoxin because of the presence of CIRL-2, a low affinity receptor of the toxin. (+info)Inhibition of angiogenesis induces chromaffin differentiation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma. (2/697)
Inhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to reduce tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor microvascular density in experimental models. To these effects we would now like to add induction of differentiation, based on biological analysis of xenografted human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y, WAG rnu/rnu) treated with the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470. Treatment with TNP-470 (10 mg/kg s.c., n = 15) reduced the tumor growth by 66% and stereological vascular parameters (Lv, Vv, Sv) by 36-45%. The tumor cell apoptotic fraction increased more than threefold, resulting in a decrease in viable tumor cells by 33%. In contrast, the mean vascular diameter (29 microm) and the mean tumor cell proliferative index (49%) were unaffected. TNP-470-treated tumors exhibited striking chromaffin differentiation of neuroblastoma cells, observed as increased expression of insulin-like growth factor II gene (+88%), tyrosine hydroxylase (+96%), chromogranin A, and cellular processes. Statistical analysis revealed an inverse correlation between differentiation and angiogenesis. It is suggested that by inhibiting angiogenesis, TNP-470 induces metabolic stress, resulting in chromaffin differentiation and apoptosis in neuroblastoma. Such agonal differentiation may be the link between angiostatic therapy and tumor cell apoptosis. (+info)Voltage inactivation of Ca2+ entry and secretion associated with N- and P/Q-type but not L-type Ca2+ channels of bovine chromaffin cells. (3/697)
1. In this study we pose the question of why the bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cell needs various subtypes (L, N, P, Q) of the neuronal high-voltage activated Ca2+ channels to control a given physiological function, i.e. the exocytotic release of catecholamines. One plausible hypothesis is that Ca2+ channel subtypes undergo different patterns of inactivation during cell depolarization. 2. The net Ca2+ uptake (measured using 45Ca2+) into hyperpolarized cells (bathed in a nominally Ca2+-free solution containing 1.2 mM K+) after application of a Ca2+ pulse (5 s exposure to 100 mM K+ and 2 mM Ca2+), amounted to 0.65 +/- 0.02 fmol cell-1; in depolarized cells (bathed in nominally Ca2+-free solution containing 100 mM K+) the net Ca2+ uptake was 0.16 +/- 0.01 fmol cell-1. 3. This was paralleled by a dramatic reduction of the increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, caused by Ca2+ pulses applied to fura-2-loaded single cells, from 1181 +/- 104 nM in hyperpolarized cells to 115 +/- 9 nM in depolarized cells. 4. A similar decrease was observed when studying catecholamine release. Secretion was decreased when K+ concentration was increased from 1.2 to 100 mM; the Ca2+ pulse caused, when comparing the extreme conditions, the secretion of 807 +/- 35 nA of catecholamines in hyperpolarized cells and 220 +/- 19 nA in depolarized cells. 5. The inactivation by depolarization of Ca2+ entry and secretion occluded the blocking effects of combined omega-conotoxin GVIA (1 microM) and omega-agatoxin IVA (2 microM), thus suggesting that depolarization caused a selective inactivation of the N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. 6. This was strengthened by two additional findings: (i) nifedipine (3 microM), an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, suppressed the fraction of Ca2+ entry (24 %) and secretion (27 %) left unblocked by depolarization; (ii) FPL64176 (3 microM), an L-type Ca2+ channel 'activator', dramatically enhanced the entry of Ca2+ and the secretory response in depolarized cells. 7. In voltage-clamped cells, switching the holding potential from -80 to -40 mV promoted the loss of 80 % of the whole-cell inward Ca2+ channel current carried by 10 mM Ba2+ (IBa). The residual current was blocked by 80 % upon addition of 3 microM nifedipine and dramatically enhanced by 3 microM FPL64176. 8. Thus, it seems that the N- and P/Q-subtypes of calcium channels are more prone to inactivation at depolarizing voltages than the L-subtype. We propose that this different inactivation might occur physiologically during different patterns of action potential firing, triggered by endogenously released acetylcholine under various stressful conditions. (+info)Tracking single secretory granules in live chromaffin cells by evanescent-field fluorescence microscopy. (4/697)
We have observed secretory granules beneath the plasma membrane of chromaffin cells. Using evanescent-field excitation by epiillumination, we have illuminated a thin layer of cytosol where cells adhere to glass coverslips. Up to 600 frames could be recorded at diffraction-limited resolution without appreciable photodynamic damage. We localized single granules with an uncertainty of approximately 30 nm and tracked their motion in three dimensions. Granules in resting cells wander randomly as if imprisoned in a cage that leaves approximately 70 nm space around a granule. The "cage" itself moves only slowly (D = 2 x 10(-12) cm2/s). Rarely do granules arrive at or depart from the plasma membrane of resting cells. Stimulation increases lateral motion only slightly. After the plasma membrane has been depleted of granules by exocytosis, fresh granules can be seen to approach it at an angle. The method will be useful for exploring the molecular steps preceding exocytosis at the level of single granules. (+info)Temperature sensitivity of catecholamine secretion and ion fluxes in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. (5/697)
The effects of temperature on ion fluxes and catecholamine secretion that are mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs), and voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs) were investigated using bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. When the chromaffin cells were stimulated with DMPP, a nicotinic cholinergic agonist, or 50 mM K+, the intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) elevation reached a peak and decreased more slowly at lower temperatures. The DMPP-induced responses were more sensitive to temperature changes compared to high K+-induced ones. In the measurement of intracellular sodium concentrations ([Na+]i), it was found that nicotinic stimulation required a longer time to attain the maximal level of [Na+]i at lower temperatures. In addition, the VSSCs-mediated [Na+]i increase evoked by veratridine was also reduced as the temperature decreased. The measurement of [3H]norepinephrine (NE) secretion showed that the secretion within the first 3 min evoked by DMPP or high K+ was greatest at 37 degrees C. However, at 25 degrees C, the secretion evoked by DMPP, but not that by the 50 mM K+, was greater after 10 min of stimulation. This data suggest that temperature differentially affects the activity of nAChRs, VSCCs, and VSSCs, resulting in differential [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i elevation, and in the [3H]NE secretion by adrenal chromaffin cells. (+info)Calcitonin gene-related peptide rapidly downregulates nicotinic receptor function and slowly raises intracellular Ca2+ in rat chromaffin cells in vitro. (6/697)
Although calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) modulates muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) via intracellular second messenger-mediated phosphorylation, the action of this peptide on neuronal-type nAChRs remains unknown. Using neuronal nAChRs of rat chromaffin cells in vitro we studied the effect of CGRP, which is physiologically present in adrenal medulla, on membrane currents and [Ca2+]i transients elicited by nicotine. Our main novel observation was that CGRP (either bath-applied or focally applied for a few seconds or even co-applied with nicotine for a few milliseconds) selectively and rapidly blocked nAChRs (a phenomenon unlikely caused by intracellular messengers in view of its speed) without affecting GABA receptors. The inhibitory effect of CGRP was independent of [Ca2+]i or membrane potential and not accompanied by baseline current changes. Like the competitive antagonist N,N,N-trimethyl-1-(4-trans-stilbenoxy)-2-propilammonium, CGRP induced a rightward, parallel shift of the nicotine dose-response curve; during co-application of these blockers the nicotine dose-ratio value was the sum of the values obtained with each antagonist alone. The block by CGRP was insensitive to the receptor antagonist hCGRP8-37 but mimicked by CGRP1-7. Persistent application of CGRP slowly increased [Ca2+]i, a phenomenon independent from external Ca2+, thus implying Ca2+ release from internal stores, and suppressed by hCGRP8-37. CGRP1-7 had no significant effect on [Ca2+]i. We propose that the 1-7 amino acid sequence of CGRP was responsible for the direct, rapid block of nAChRs, whereas the full-length peptide molecule was necessary for the delayed rise in internal Ca2+ potentially able to trigger phosphorylation-dependent modulation of nicotinic receptor function. (+info)Lambert-Eaton antibodies inhibit Ca2+ currents but paradoxically increase exocytosis during stimulus trains in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. (7/697)
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune disease that affects neurotransmitter release at peripheral synapses. LEMS antibodies inhibit Ca2+ currents in excitable cells, but it is not known whether there are additional effects on stimulus-secretion coupling. The effect of LEMS antibodies on Ca2+ currents and exocytosis was studied in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells using whole-cell voltage clamp in perforated-patch recordings. Purified LEMS IgGs from five patients inhibited N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ current components to different extents. The reduction in Ca2+ current resulted in smaller exocytotic responses to single depolarizing pulses, but the normal relationship between integrated Ca2+ entry and exocytosis (Enisch and Nowycky, 1996) was preserved. The hallmark of LEMS is a large potentiation of neuromuscular transmission after high-frequency stimulation. In chromaffin cells, stimulus trains can induce activity-dependent enhancement of the Ca2+-exocytosis relationship. Enhancement during trains occurs most frequently when pulses are brief and evoke very small amounts of Ca2+ entry (Engisch et al., 1997). LEMS antibody treatment increased the percentage of trains eliciting enhancement through two mechanisms: (1) by reducing Ca2+ entry and (2) through a Ca2+-independent effect on the process of enhancement. This leads to a paradoxical increase in the amount of exocytosis during stimulus trains, despite inhibition of Ca2+ currents. (+info)Evanescent-wave microscopy: a new tool to gain insight into the control of transmitter release. (8/697)
Evanescent-wave excitation was used to visualize individual fluorescently labelled vesicles in an optical slice near the plasma membrane of bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. A standard upright microscope was modified to accommodate the optics used for directing a laser beam under a supracritical angle on to the glass-water interface on top of which the cells are grown. Whereas epi-illumination images appeared blurred and structureless, evanescent-wave excitation highlighted acridine orange-labelled vesicles as individual pinpoints. Three-dimensional (3D) trajectories of individual vesicles were obtained from time-resolved image stacks and used to characterize vesicles in terms of their average fluorescence F and mobility, expressed here as the 3D diffusion coefficient D(3). Based on the single-vesicle analysis, two groups of vesicles were identified. Transitions between these states were studied before and after stimulation of exocytosis by repetitive or maintained membrane depolarizations by elevated extracellular [K+]. Findings were interpreted as sequential transitions between the previously characterized pools of vesicles preceding the fusion step. The observed approach of vesicles to their docking sites was not explained in terms of free diffusion: most vesicles moved unidirectionally as if directed to their binding sites at the plasma membrane. Vesicle mobility at the membrane was low, such that the sites of docking and fusion were in close vicinity. Both the rim region and confined areas in the centre of the footprint region were the site of intense vesicle trafficking. (+info)Symptoms of pheochromocytoma can include:
* Rapid heartbeat
* High blood pressure
* Sweating
* Weight loss
* Fatigue
* Headaches
* Nausea and vomiting
If left untreated, pheochromocytoma can lead to complications such as heart failure, stroke, and even death. Therefore, it is important that individuals who experience any of the above symptoms seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Treatment options for pheochromocytoma may include surgery to remove the tumor, medication to manage symptoms, and in some cases, radiation therapy. In rare cases, the tumor may recur after treatment, so regular monitoring is necessary to ensure that any new symptoms are detected early on.
Overall, while pheochromocytoma is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition, prompt medical attention and appropriate treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Some common types of adrenal gland neoplasms include:
1. Adrenocortical carcinoma: A rare and aggressive malignancy that arises in the outer layer of the adrenal cortex.
2. Adrenocortical adenoma: A benign tumor that arises in the outer layer of the adrenal cortex.
3. Pheochromocytoma: A rare tumor that arises in the inner part of the adrenal medulla and produces excessive amounts of hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine.
4. Paraganglioma: A rare tumor that arises in the sympathetic nervous system, often near the adrenal glands.
Symptoms of adrenal gland neoplasms can include:
* Weight gain or weight loss
* High blood pressure
* Fatigue
* Abdominal pain
* Headache
* Nausea and vomiting
* Palpitations
Diagnosis of adrenal gland neoplasms typically involves imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET) scans, as well as hormone level assessments. Treatment options vary depending on the type and size of the tumor, and may include surgery, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy.
Chromaffin cell
Julio Licinio
Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor
Trunk neural crest
Neurohormone
Tamas Bartfai
TH (gene)
Cav1.3
Chromaffin
Hes3 signaling axis
Adrenal gland
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor
Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1
Tyrosine phosphorylation
Amperometry
David Sulzer
Fish anatomy
Granule (cell biology)
Interference reflection microscopy
PC12 cell line
Chromophil
Cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease
Ankyrin-1
Paraganglion
Cell culture
Tityustoxin
Tropomyosin
Taipoxin
Zona glomerulosa
Vesicular monoamine transporter 1
Sympathoadrenal system
Pheochromocytoma
Cav1.2
KCNMB2
Dotarizine
Adrenal medulla
SCIN
List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
List of OMIM disorder codes
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
Actin, cytoplasmic 2
Ascorbate ferrireductase (transmembrane)
List of MeSH codes (A11)
Enteroendocrine cell
Granule
Carboxypeptidase E
ATPase
Enterochromaffin-like cell
Proenkephalin
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B
P53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis
Biological membrane
CYB561
Depressed excitability and ion currents linked to slow exocytotic fusion pore in chromaffin cells of the SOD1(G93A) mouse model...
Chromaffin Cells | Profiles RNS
New insights about non-neurogenic excitability revealed by MEA recordings from rat adrenal chromaffin cells. | Pflugers Arch...
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience - Volume 7, issue 2 - Journals - IOS Press
Adrenal Surgery: Practice Essentials, Background, History of the Procedure
Peng Loh Curriculum Vitae - Y. Peng Loh Lab | NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human...
Richard D Leapman, Ph.D. | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
Tocris Bioscience Catestatin 1mg:Biochemical Reagents, Quantity: Each of
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NOT-OD-13-039: FINDINGS OF RESEARCH MISCONDUCT
Comparative Analysis of Spontaneous and Stimulus-Evoked Calcium Transients in Proliferating and Differentiating Human Midbrain...
Pheochromocytoma - Paraganglioma | Choose the Right Test
Biomarkers Search
cell | Taber's Medical Dictionary
Adrenal glands - Hyperplasia - Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
Publication Detail
Accumulation of L-type Bovine Prions in Peripheral Nerve Tissues - Volume 16, Number 7-July 2010 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
MeSH Browser
Publications | Tanay Group
Magnetofectamine O2 transfection Kit - OZ Biosciences
Plus it
TREE NUMBER DESCRIPTOR
Mechanics of post-fusion exocytotic vesicle - PubMed
Genome-wide expression profiling establishes novel modulatory roles of vitamin C in THP-1 human monocytic cell line | BMC...
Code Preferred Term Synonyms Definition Neoplastic Status
Cunningham's textbook of anatomy - Daniel John Cunningham - Google Livres
Perlman, Robert L. 2008 - Office of NIH History and Stetten Museum
DeCS
Guidance of Neural Crest Migration: Latex Beads as Probes of Surface-Substratum Interactions - CaltechAUTHORS
International Symposium on Chromaffin Cell Biology1
- Guest Editor: J. Molecular Neuroscience: Special Issue on the Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Chromaffin Cell Biology, 2012, Beijing, China. (nih.gov)
Neurons7
- However, no reports describe changes in calcium regulation specifically in human midbrain-derived stem cells during their development to neurons. (hindawi.com)
- Analysis of the whole-cell pharmacology of these neurons showed a diversity of responses to the agonists acetylcholine, nicotine, cytisine, and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium, suggesting that a heterogeneous population of nicotinic receptor classes, or subtypes, is expressed by individual neurons. (jneurosci.org)
- We used single-cell RT-PCR to examine nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit mRNA expression by individual neurons. (jneurosci.org)
- We now show that the whole-cell nicotinic agonist pharmacology of intracardiac parasympathetic neurons varies dramatically among individual neurons, and we provide evidence of single-channel behavior suggesting a heterogeneous population of nAChRs on these neurons. (jneurosci.org)
- Neural crest-derived cell types include neurons and supportive cells of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, several neurosecretory cell types, bone and car tilage of the face, and adrenal chromaffin cells. (caltech.edu)
- Catestatin can inhibit catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and adrenergic neurons. (istinye.edu.tr)
- Exocytosis and endocytosis are two fundamental cellular processes in nearly all cells, including neurons. (nih.gov)
Tumors2
- These tumors arise from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. (medscape.com)
- 4. New insights into the genetics of familial chromaffin cell tumors. (nih.gov)
Adrenal medulla2
- Characteristically, they are located in the adrenal medulla and paraganglia (PARAGANGLIA, CHROMAFFIN) of the sympathetic nervous system. (childrensmercy.org)
- Synexin is a 47 000 M r calcium-binding protein, initially discovered in the bovine adrenal medulla, which binds to granule membranes and to inner aspects of chromaffin cell plasma membranes. (silverchair.com)
Granules1
- Synexin causes chromaffin granules to aggregate, and such aggregates can be caused to fuse in the additional presence of arachidonic acid. (silverchair.com)
Secretion7
- Inhibition of nicotinic receptor-mediated catecholamine secretion by Dryobalanops aromatica in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. (childrensmercy.org)
- Temperature sensitivity of catecholamine secretion and ion fluxes in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. (childrensmercy.org)
- Neomycin inhibits catecholamine secretion by blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. (childrensmercy.org)
- Differential inhibition of catecholamine secretion by amitriptyline through blockage of nicotinic receptors, sodium channels, and calcium channels in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. (childrensmercy.org)
- Metabolomics Analyses of 14 Classical Neurotransmitters by GC-TOF with LC-MS Illustrates Secretion of 9 Cell-Cell Signaling Molecules from Sympathoadrenal Chromaffin Cells in the Presence of Lithium. (nih.gov)
- In chromaffin cells, induces long-lasting increase of intracellular calcium concentrations and neuroendocrine secretion (By similarity). (nih.gov)
- Involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, induces insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells (By similarity). (nih.gov)
Catecholamine release1
- 3. Falsified the quantification for the effect of blebbistatin on catecholamine release as determined by patch clamp analysis in Figure 22 of the Dissertation by stating that 14 cells had been assayed when only 8 cells had been assayed. (nih.gov)
Bovine adrenal1
- Park T, Bae S, Choi S, Kang B, Kim K. Inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and calcium channels by clozapine in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. (childrensmercy.org)
Exocytosis3
- This interaction that relies on specific Ca(v)3.2 molecular determinants, not only modulates T-type channel activity, but was also found essential to support low-threshold exocytosis upon Ca(v)3.2 channel expression in MPC 9/3L-AH chromaffin cells. (inserm.fr)
- His laboratory investigates the fundamental process of exocytosis and endocytosis, such ashow the fusion pore opens, expands, constricts, or close, how membrane curvature is generated, how endocytosis is initiated and mediated, how synaptic transmission is controlled by different modes of exocytosis, endocytosis and by calcium channels at nerve terminals and neuroendocrine cells. (nih.gov)
- Membranes of secretory vesicles fuse with each other and with plasma membranes during exocytosis in many different cell types. (silverchair.com)
Regulation2
Biology3
- The lab is constantly seeking highly talented and motivated postdoctoral candidates with experience in molecular biology (e.g., knockdown or knockout), cell biology (e.g., live-cell fluorescence imaging), electron microscopy, and/or electrophysiology. (nih.gov)
- The lab is also seeking graduate students majored in Neurobiology, Cell Biology, Pharmacology, Genetics, and Biomedical Engineering, with an interest in exo- and endocytosis. (nih.gov)
- He currently serves as monitoring editor for the Journal of Cell Biology (JCB). (nih.gov)
Neuron1
- A somatic motor neuron that has its cell body in the ventral (anterior) horn of the gray matter of the spinal cord. (tabers.com)
Neuroendocrine3
- ABBR: APUD cell Any of the constituent cells of a diffuse neuroendocrine system, having metabolic pathways that make and utilize serotonin (5-HT). (tabers.com)
- We used three preparations, the giant calyx of Held nerve terminal, the cultured hippocampal synapse and the neuroendocrine adrenal chromaffin cell. (nih.gov)
- Preformed Ω-profile closure and kiss-and-run mediate endocytosis and diverse endocytic modes in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells. (nih.gov)
Kinetics1
- Here we have investigated the excitability, the ion currents, and the kinetics of the exocytotic fusion pore in chromaffin cells from postnatal day 90 to postnatal day 130 mSOD1 mice, when motor deficits are already established. (uam.es)
20011
- WHO, 2001) Malignant C45929 Acidophil Stem Cell Pituitary Gland Adenoma Acidophil Stem Cell Adenoma An infrequent pituitary gland adenoma composed of cells showing immunoreactivity for prolactin and less often growth hormone. (nih.gov)
Neoplasm2
Methylation1
- Single-cell analysis shows that differential activity of DNMT3A and DNMT3B combines with replication-linked methylation turnover to increase epigenetic plasticity in gastrulation. (weizmann.ac.il)
Tissues3
- Our approach also complements cryo_EM of isolated frozen-hydrated supramolecular assemblies, which is difficult to apply to intact eukaryotic cells and tissues. (nih.gov)
- Spontaneous cytosolic calcium transients and oscillations have been reported in various tissues of nonhuman and human origin but not in human midbrain-derived stem cells. (hindawi.com)
- In mammals, all new cells arise from existing cells through cell division, and an animal's growth results largely from increases in the number of its cells, most of which differentiate into specialized cell types to form the body's various tissues. (tabers.com)
Exocytotic1
- Interplay between membrane dynamics, diffusion and swelling pressure governs individual vesicular exocytotic events during release of adrenaline by chromaffin cells. (nih.gov)
Neural2
- Neural crest cells emigrate from the dorsal neural tube shortly after tube closure. (caltech.edu)
- Because of the migratory ability of neural crest cells and the diversity of crest derivatives, this transient embryonic structure provides an important model system for studying interactions involved in cell movement and differentiation. (caltech.edu)
Pathway2
- Previously, a Rab6-mediated exocytic pathway has been shown to be involved in Grk trafficking in germ-line cells during oogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
- Low-voltage-activated T-type calcium channels act as a major pathway for calcium entry near the resting membrane potential in a wide range of neuronal cell types. (inserm.fr)
Progenitor cells1
- The coordinated differentiation of progenitor cells into specialized cell types and their spatial organization into distinct domains is central to embryogenesis. (weizmann.ac.il)
Intracellular calcium1
- We provide evidence for the existence of intracellular calcium stores that respond to muscarinic activation of the cells, having sensitivity for ryanodine and thapsigargin possibly reflecting IP 3 receptor activity and the presence of ryanodine receptors and calcium ATPase pumps. (hindawi.com)
Descriptor1
- Chromaffin Cells" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (childrensmercy.org)
Acinar cell1
- Representative examples include the acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas and the acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. (nih.gov)
Epithelial cells4
- In humans, lymphocytes are small cells (6 µm in diameter), columnar epithelial cells (10 µm x 20 µm) are medium-size cells, and mature ova (120 to 150 µm) are some of the largest cells. (tabers.com)
- 1. Either of two types of epithelial cells lining the alveoli of the lung. (tabers.com)
- Type I cells are simple, thin squamous epithelial cells. (tabers.com)
- 2. In the mammary glands, the milk-secreting epithelial cells, which are activated during lactation. (tabers.com)
Mammalian cells2
- For mammalian cells, typical internal concentrations include 140 mM K+, 5 to 15 mM Na+, 5 to 15 mM Cl-, and a pH of 7.2, which can be significantly different from their concentrations outside the cell. (tabers.com)
- COMMON COMPONENTS AND ORGANELLES OF HUMAN CELLS Individual mammalian cells are usually microscopic, typically ranging from 5 to 50 µm in diameter. (tabers.com)
Cellular6
- The nanometer scale of biological electron microscopy lies between the realms of live-cell optical microscopy and atomic-scale structural tools of x-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, both of which-unlike EM-require extraction and purification of cellular components. (nih.gov)
- Calcium is a versatile intracellular messenger controlling a wide range of cellular processes [ 1 - 3 ] including cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and general gene transcription [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
- In both the cortex and medulla, rare mitotic figures may be present, but the hyperplastic cells typically lack features of cellular atypia. (nih.gov)
- CombiMag, a magnetic formulation based on the Magnetofection™ technology, binds to MTX transfection reagent/DNA complexes and under the application of a magnetic field concentrates the genetic material onto cells and promotes cellular uptake. (ozbiosciences.com)
- This study provides a rational basis for the use of the Vitamin C- THP-1 cell model, to study biochemical and cellular responses to stresses, including infection with M. tuberculosis and other intracellular pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
- Vesicle trafficking plays a crucial role in the establishment of cell polarity in various cellular contexts, including axis-pattern formation in the developing egg chamber of Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
Differentiation8
- Using confocal microfluorimetry, we studied spontaneous calcium transients and calcium-regulating mechanisms in a human ventral mesencephalic stem cell line undergoing proliferation and neuronal differentiation. (hindawi.com)
- We propose that the observed spontaneous calcium transients may contribute to mechanisms involved in cell proliferation, phenotypic differentiation, and general cell maturation. (hindawi.com)
- It has been reported that the mechanisms that regulate spontaneous calcium oscillations in stem cells may change during their transition from proliferation to differentiation and maturation [ 27 , 30 - 33 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The present investigation was initially performed in order to study spontaneous calcium signaling in human midbrain-derived stem cells undergoing neuronal differentiation [ 34 - 37 ]. (hindawi.com)
- We conclude that identical calcium-regulating mechanisms operate during the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of human midbrain-derived stem cells. (hindawi.com)
- Here, we compare rabbit and mouse time-resolved differentiation trajectories to revisit this model at single cell resolution. (weizmann.ac.il)
- We modeled gastrulation dynamics using hundreds of embryos sampled between gestation days 6.0-8.5, and compare the species using a new framework for time-resolved single-cell differentiation-flows analysis. (weizmann.ac.il)
- NCI05) Malignant C40367 Acinic Cell Breast Carcinoma A breast adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of serous (acinic cell) differentiation. (nih.gov)
Epinephrine1
- Cells that store epinephrine secretory vesicles. (childrensmercy.org)
Nicotinic1
- With respect to wild-type (WT), mSOD1 chromaffin cells had a decrease in the following parameters: 95% in spontaneous action potentials, 70% in nicotinic current for acetylcholine (ACh), 35% in Na+ current, 40% in Ca2+-dependent K+ current, and 53% in voltage-dependent K+ current. (uam.es)
Molecular5
- Other key reactions move molecules and molecular complexes within the cell, sometimes changing the shape of the cell. (tabers.com)
- We demonstrate that the embryonic limb undergoes a complex multiscale reorganization upon perturbation of one of its spatial organizing centers, including the loss of specific cell populations, alterations of preexisting cell states' molecular identities, and changes in their relative spatial distribution. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Our study shows how multidimensional single-cell, spatially resolved molecular atlases can allow the deconvolution of spatial identity and cell fate and reveal the interconnected genetic networks that regulate organogenesis and its reorganization upon genetic alterations. (weizmann.ac.il)
- We used a variety of advanced techniques, including confocal imaging, super-resolution STED imaging, super-resolution STORM imaging, molecular biological techniques, electron microscopy, and advanced electrophysiological techniques (e.g., whole-cell current and capacitance recordings, cell-attached single channel current and capacitance recordings). (nih.gov)
- Molecular mechanics underlying flat-to-round membrane budding in live secretory cells. (nih.gov)
Adenylate cyclase1
- Binding to its receptor activates G proteins and stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells. (nih.gov)
Presence2
- We provisionally categorized the adrenal gland as nerve tissue because of the presence of chromaffin cells in the medulla of the gland. (cdc.gov)
- Acinar Adenocarcinoma of the Lung A morphologic variant of lung adenocarcinoma characterized by the presence of acinar structures composed of columnar or cuboidal cells. (nih.gov)
Concentrations1
- Human leukocytes and cultured cells of leukocyte origin can accumulate vitamin C (vit C) to millimolar concentrations, which is significantly above that in circulating blood where it is estimated to be in the range of about 50-100 μM, and of this at least 95% is in the reduced form [ 1 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nerve2
- A modified nerve cell in the retina that has dendrites but no axon. (tabers.com)
- It transmits a signal to an adjacent nerve or muscle cell by binding to receptors on the target cell surface. (nih.gov)
Receptors1
- cAMP, or cyclic adenosine monophosphate -- A form of AMP, generated from ATP by adenylyl cyclase in response to the stimulation of many types of cell-surface receptors, used frequently as a second messenger in eukaryotics (cells containing one nucleus) and in catabolite repression in prokaryotes (cells containing no nucleus). (nih.gov)
Mediates2
- Hemi-fused structure mediates and controls fusion and fission in live cells. (nih.gov)
- Synexin also mediates the direct fusion of liposomes and chromaffin granule ghosts. (silverchair.com)
Membrane3
- 4. Falsified the Pearson's cross-correlation analysis in Figure 7 of the Mol Biol Cell paper and in Figure 25 of the Dissertation, used to calculate the degree of spatial correlation between pan-chromogranin A/B (CgA/B) and the endosomal membrane, by stating that 20 or more cells had been tested for each condition when only 9-18 cells had been tested for each condition. (nih.gov)
- Ascorbate is a cytosolic antioxidant and free radical scavenger that operates in concert with lipid-soluble membrane antioxidants, such asα-tocopherol or carotene, and may increase the ability of cells to cope with reactive oxygen metabolites generated by their activated phagocytic apparatus [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Visualization of Membrane Pore in Live Cells Reveals a Dynamic-Pore Theory Governing Fusion and Endocytosis. (nih.gov)
Immune2
- The infiltrating immune cells via IL-6-pSTAT3 immune-hepatocyte crosstalk cause the depletion of a master metabolic regulator, HNF4a, consequently leading to systemic metabolic changes that promote breast and pancreatic cancer proliferation and a worse outcome. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Antibody -- Any of the protein molecules produced by specialized immune system cells (B cells) that can recognize and bind to a particular foreign antigen. (nih.gov)
Embryonic2
- At the cephalic end of the embryonic area the medial margins of the mesodermal sheets fuse together across the median plane, forming a transverse bar of mesodermal cells which may be called the pericardial mesoderm (Fig. 48), because the pericardial sac, which envelops the heart, is afterwards developed from it. (co.ma)
- The septum of cells at the lateral border of the embryonic area on each side, which, for a time, separates the embryonic from the extra-embryonic coelom, soon disappears, and the cœlom then forms a continuous cavity (Fig. 37). (co.ma)
Myeloid3
- We find that systemic inflammation induced by the cancer leads to liver infiltration of myeloid cells at early extrahepatic carcinogenesis. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Leukemia Basophilic A rare acute myeloid leukemia in which the immature cells differentiate towards basophils. (nih.gov)
- Acute Leukemia of Indeterminate Lineage An acute leukemia in which the blasts lack sufficient evidence to classify as myeloid or lymphoid or they have morphologic and/or immunophenotypic characteristics of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. (nih.gov)
Protein5
- 1. Falsified the quantification of immunofluorescence for the ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated MARCKS protein in response to different stimuli in Figure 2 of the Mol Biol Cell paper and in Figure 12 of the Dissertation by falsifying the sample number as n=15. (nih.gov)
- grk mRNA and protein are localized at the posterior of the oocyte during early oogenesis to activate EGFR signaling in the posterior follicle cells, which in turn send a mysterious signal back to initiate AP axis formation in the oocyte. (sdbonline.org)
- This finding is based on the study of a newly identified hypomorphic allele of Syx1A whose germ-line clones have defective dorsal follicle-cell specification and abnormal Grk protein localization after stage 7. (sdbonline.org)
- Although no defect was detected in Syx1A clones in Grk posterior localization and signaling to activate EGFR in the posterior follicle cells, it cannot be ruled out that that Syx1A has no role in the posterior localization of Grk protein. (sdbonline.org)
- Cell-free system -- A mixture of cytoplasmic and/or nuclear components from cells used for in vitro protein synthesis, transcription, DNA replication, or other purposes. (nih.gov)
Release1
- Also stimulates mast cell release of histamine via a separate mechanism. (fishersci.com)
Fusion2
- A slower fusion pore opening, expansion, and closure are likely linked to the pronounced reduction in cell excitability and in the ion currents driving action potentials in mSOD1, compared with WT chromaffin cells. (uam.es)
- Sequential compound fusion and kiss-and-run mediate exo- and endocytosis in excitable cells. (nih.gov)
Recordings1
- New insights about non-neurogenic excitability revealed by MEA recordings from rat adrenal chromaffin cells. (bvsalud.org)
Gene1
- We performed a genome-wide temporal gene expression and functional enrichment analysis of THP-1 cells treated with 100 μM of vit C, a physiologically relevant concentration of the vitamin. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic1
- When generating somatic daughter cells, karyokinesis uses a process called mitosis, which produces daughter cells with a full complement of chromosomes. (tabers.com)
Pancreatic1
- 1. An enteroendocrine cell that produces glucagon and is found in the pancreatic islets. (tabers.com)
Predominantly2
- We identify multiple transcription factors whose expression patterns are predominantly associated with cell type specification or spatial position, suggesting two parallel yet highly interconnected regulatory systems. (weizmann.ac.il)
- Located predominantly in cell nuclei, it is composed of two chains of nucleotides--deoxyribose and phosphate backbones with side chains of purine (adenine or guanine) or pyrimidine (cytosine and thymine) bases projecting inward. (nih.gov)