The aroC gene of Aspergillus nidulans codes for a monofunctional, allosterically regulated chorismate mutase. (1/70)

The cDNA and the chromosomal locus of the aroC gene of Aspergillus nidulans were cloned and is the first representative of a filamentous fungal gene encoding chorismate mutase (EC 5.4.99.5), the enzyme at the first branch point of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. The aroC gene complements the Saccharomyces cerevisiae aro7Delta as well as the A. nidulans aroC mutation. The gene consists of three exons interrupted by two short intron sequences. The expressed mRNA is 0.96 kilobases in length and aroC expression is not regulated on the transcriptional level under amino acid starvation conditions. aroC encodes a monofunctional polypeptide of 268 amino acids. Purification of this 30-kDa enzyme allowed determination of its kinetic parameters (k(cat) = 82 s(-1), n(H) = 1. 56, [S](0.5) = 2.3 mM), varying pH dependence of catalytic activity in different regulatory states, and an acidic pI value of 4.7. Tryptophan acts as heterotropic activator and tyrosine as negative acting, heterotropic feedback-inhibitor with a K(i) of 2.8 microM. Immunological data, homology modeling, as well as electron microscopy studies, indicate that this chorismate mutase has a dimeric structure like the S. cerevisiae enzyme. Site-directed mutagenesis of a crucial residue in loop220s (Asp(233)) revealed differences concerning the intramolecular signal transduction for allosteric regulation of enzymatic activity.  (+info)

Characterization of hydroxylaminobenzene mutase from pNBZ139 cloned from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45. A highly associated SDS-stable enzyme catalyzing an intramolecular transfer of hydroxy groups. (2/70)

Hydroxylaminobenzene mutase is the enzyme that converts intermediates formed during initial steps in the degradation of nitrobenzene to a novel ring-fission lower pathway in Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45. The mutase catalyzes a rearrangement of hydroxylaminobenzene to 2-aminophenol. The mechanism of the reactions and the properties of the enzymes are unknown. In crude extracts, the hydroxylaminobenzene mutase was stable at SDS concentrations as high as 2%. A procedure including Hitrap-SP, Hitrap-Q and Cu(II)-chelating chromatography was used to partially purify the enzyme from an Escherichia coli clone. The partially purified enzyme was eluted in the void volume of a Superose-12 gel-filtration column even in the presence of 0.05% SDS in 25 mM Tris/HCl buffer, which indicated that it was highly associated. When the enzymatic conversion of hydroxylaminobenzene to 2-aminophenol was carried out in 18O-labeled water, the product did not contain 18O, as determined by GC-MS. The results indicate that the reaction proceeded by intramolecular transfer of the hydroxy group from the nitrogen to the C-2 position of the ring. The mechanism is clearly different from the intermolecular transfer of the hydroxy group in the non-enzymatic Bamberger rearrangement of hydroxylaminobenzene to 4-aminophenol and in the enzymatic hydroxymutation of chorismate to isochorismate.  (+info)

Archaeal shikimate kinase, a new member of the GHMP-kinase family. (3/70)

Shikimate kinase (EC 2.7.1.71) is a committed enzyme in the seven-step biosynthesis of chorismate, a major precursor of aromatic amino acids and many other aromatic compounds. Genes for all enzymes of the chorismate pathway except shikimate kinase are found in archaeal genomes by sequence homology to their bacterial counterparts. In this study, a conserved archaeal gene (gi1500322 in Methanococcus jannaschii) was identified as the best candidate for the missing shikimate kinase gene by the analysis of chromosomal clustering of chorismate biosynthetic genes. The encoded hypothetical protein, with no sequence similarity to bacterial and eukaryotic shikimate kinases, is distantly related to homoserine kinases (EC 2.7.1.39) of the GHMP-kinase superfamily. The latter functionality in M. jannaschii is assigned to another gene (gi591748), in agreement with sequence similarity and chromosomal clustering analysis. Both archaeal proteins, overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity, displayed activity of the predicted type, with steady-state kinetic parameters similar to those of the corresponding bacterial kinases: K(m,shikimate) = 414 +/- 33 microM, K(m,ATP) = 48 +/- 4 microM, and k(cat) = 57 +/- 2 s(-1) for the predicted shikimate kinase and K(m,homoserine) = 188 +/- 37 microM, K(m,ATP) = 101 +/- 7 microM, and k(cat) = 28 +/- 1 s(-1) for the homoserine kinase. No overlapping activity could be detected between shikimate kinase and homoserine kinase, both revealing a >1,000-fold preference for their own specific substrates. The case of archaeal shikimate kinase illustrates the efficacy of techniques based on reconstruction of metabolism from genomic data and analysis of gene clustering on chromosomes in finding missing genes.  (+info)

Essential PchG-dependent reduction in pyochelin biosynthesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (4/70)

The biosynthetic genes pchDCBA and pchEF, which are known to be required for the formation of the siderophore pyochelin and its precursors salicylate and dihydroaeruginoate (Dha), are clustered with the pchR regulatory gene on the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The 4.6-kb region located downstream of the pchEF genes was found to contain three additional, contiguous genes, pchG, pchH, and pchI, probably forming a pchEFGHI operon. The deduced amino acid sequences of PchH and PchI are similar to those of ATP binding cassette transport proteins with an export function. PchG is a homolog of the Yersinia pestis and Y. enterocolitica proteins YbtU and Irp3, which are involved in the biosynthesis of yersiniabactin. A null mutation in pchG abolished pyochelin formation, whereas mutations in pchH and pchI did not affect the amounts of salicylate, Dha, and pyochelin produced. The pyochelin biosynthetic genes were expressed from a vector promoter, uncoupling them from Fur-mediated repression by iron and PchR-dependent induction by pyochelin. In a P. aeruginosa mutant lacking the entire pyochelin biosynthetic gene cluster, the expressed pchDCBA and pchEFG genes were sufficient for salicylate, Dha, and pyochelin production. Pyochelin formation was also obtained in the heterologous host Escherichia coli expressing pchDCBA and pchEFG together with the E. coli entD gene, which provides a phosphopantetheinyl transferase necessary for PchE and PchF activation. The PchG protein was purified and used in combination with PchD and phosphopantetheinylated PchE and PchF in vitro to produce pyochelin from salicylate, L-cysteine, ATP, NADPH, and S-adenosylmethionine. Based on this assay, a reductase function was attributed to PchG. In summary, this study completes the identification of the biosynthetic genes required for pyochelin formation from chorismate in P. aeruginosa.  (+info)

The structures of anthranilate synthase of Serratia marcescens crystallized in the presence of (i) its substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and a product, glutamate, and (ii) its end-product inhibitor, L-tryptophan. (5/70)

The crystal structure of anthranilate synthase (AS) from Serratia marcescens, a mesophilic bacterium, has been solved in the presence of its substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and one product, glutamate, at 1.95 A, and with its bound feedback inhibitor, tryptophan, at 2.4 A. In comparison with the AS structure from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus, the S. marcescens structure shows similar subunit structures but a markedly different oligomeric organization. One crystal form of the S. marcescens enzyme displays a bound pyruvate as well as a putative anthranilate (the nitrogen group is ambiguous) in the TrpE subunit. It also confirms the presence of a covalently bound glutamyl thioester intermediate in the TrpG subunit. The tryptophan-bound form reveals that the inhibitor binds at a site distinct from that of the substrate, chorismate. Bound tryptophan appears to prevent chorismate binding by a demonstrable conformational effect, and the structure reveals how occupancy of only one of the two feedback inhibition sites can immobilize the catalytic activity of both TrpE subunits. The presence of effectors in the structure provides a view of the locations of some of the amino acid residues in the active sites. Our findings are discussed in terms of the previously described AS structure of S. solfataricus, mutational data obtained from enteric bacteria, and the enzyme's mechanism of action.  (+info)

Microbial origin of plant-type 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthases, exemplified by the chorismate- and tryptophan-regulated enzyme from Xanthomonas campestris. (6/70)

Enzymes performing the initial reaction of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthases, exist as two distinct homology classes. The three classic Escherichia coli paralogs are AroA(I) proteins, but many members of the Bacteria possess the AroA(II) class of enzyme, sometimes in combination with AroA(I) proteins. AroA(II) DAHP synthases until now have been shown to be specifically dedicated to secondary metabolism (e.g., formation of ansamycin antibiotics or phenazine pigment). In contrast, here we show that the Xanthomonas campestris AroA(II) protein functions as the sole DAHP synthase supporting aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. X. campestris AroA(II) was cloned in E. coli by functional complementation, and genes corresponding to two possible translation starts were expressed. We developed a 1-day partial purification method (>99%) for the unstable protein. The recombinant AroA(II) protein was found to be subject to an allosteric pattern of sequential feedback inhibition in which chorismate is the prime allosteric effector. L-Tryptophan was found to be a minor feedback inhibitor. An N-terminal region of 111 amino acids may be located in the periplasm since a probable inner membrane-spanning region is predicted. Unlike chloroplast-localized AroA(II) of higher plants, X. campestris AroA(II) was not hysteretically activated by dithiols. Compared to plant AroA(II) proteins, differences in divalent metal activation were also observed. Phylogenetic tree analysis shows that AroA(II) originated within the Bacteria domain, and it seems probable that higher-plant plastids acquired AroA(II) from a gram-negative bacterium via endosymbiosis. The X. campestris AroA(II) protein is suggested to exemplify a case of analog displacement whereby an ancestral aroA(I) species was discarded, with the aroA(II) replacement providing an alternative pattern of allosteric control. Three subgroups of AroA(II) proteins can be recognized: a large, central group containing the plant enzymes and that from X. campestris, one defined by a three-residue deletion near the conserved KPRS motif, and one possessing a larger deletion further downstream.  (+info)

The emerging periplasm-localized subclass of AroQ chorismate mutases, exemplified by those from Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (7/70)

BACKGROUND: Chorismate mutases of the AroQ homology class are widespread in the Bacteria and the Archaea. Many of these exist as domains that are fused with other aromatic-pathway catalytic domains. Among the monofunctional AroQ proteins, that from Erwinia herbicola was previously shown to have a cleavable signal peptide and located in the periplasmic compartment. Whether or not this might be unique to E. herbicola was unknown. RESULTS: The gene coding for the AroQ protein was cloned from Salmonella typhimurium, and the AroQ protein purified from both S. typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown to have a periplasmic location. The periplasmic chorismate mutases (denoted *AroQ) are shown to be a distinct subclass of AroQ, being about twice the size of cytoplasmic AroQ proteins. The increased size is due to a carboxy-terminal extension of unknown function. In addition, a so-far novel aromatic aminotransferase was shown to be present in the periplasm of P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis has detected a number of additional *aroQ genes. The joint presence of *AroQ, cyclohexadienyl dehydratase and aromatic aminotransferase in the periplasmic compartment of P. aeruginosa comprises a complete chorismate-to-phenylalanine pathway and accounts for the "hidden overflow pathway" to phenylalanine described previously.  (+info)

Clustering of isochorismate synthase genes menF and entC and channeling of isochorismate in Escherichia coli. (8/70)

There are two isochorismate synthase genes entC and menF in Escherichia coli. They encode enzymes (isochorismate synthase, EC 5.4.99.6) which reversibly synthesize isochorismic acid from chorismic acid. The genes share a 24.2% identity but are differently regulated. Activity of the MenF isochorismate synthase is significantly increased under anaerobic conditions whereas the activity of the EntC isochorismate synthase is greatly stimulated during growth in an iron deficient medium. Isochorismic acid synthesized by EntC is mainly channeled into enterobactin synthesis whereas isochorismic acid synthesized by MenF is mainly channeled into menaquinone synthesis. When menF or entC were separately placed onto overexpression plasmids and the plasmids introduced into a menF(-)/entC(-) double mutant in two separate experiments, the isochorismate formed was fed into both, the menaquinone and the enterobactin pathway. Moreover, in spite of a high isochorismate synthase activity menaquinone and enterobactin formation were not fully restored, indicating that isochorismate was lost by diffusion. Thus, under these conditions channeling was not observed. We conclude that in E. coli the chromosomal position of both menF and entC in their respective clusters is a prerequisite for channeling of isochorismate in both pathways.  (+info)

Pyocyanin - WikipediaPyocyanin - Wikipedia
Pyocyanin biosynthesis begins with the synthesis of the phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) core.[19] In this reaction the enzyme PhzE catalyzes the loss of the hydroxyl group from C4 of Chorismic Acid as well as the transfer of an amine group from glutamine to form glutamic acid and 2-amino-2-desoxyisochorismic acid (ADIC).[20] Following this, PhzD catalyzes the hydrolytic removal the pyruvate moiety from ADIC to form (5S,6S)-6-amino-5-hydroxy-1,3-cyclohexadieve-1-carboxylic acid (DHHA).[20] In the next step, PhzF catalyzes two steps: the abstraction of a hydrogen from C3 of DHHA, delocalization of the double bond system and reprotonation at C1 as well as enol tautomerization to form the highly unstable 6-amino-5-oxocyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxylic acid (AOCHC).[20] From here two molecules of AOCHC are condensed by PhzB to form the tricyclic compound, hexahydrophenazine-1,6-dicarboxylic acid (HHPDC).[20] The product of this reaction, HHPDC, is unstable and spontaneously undergoes oxidative ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyocyanin
Molecular Determinants for Rate Acceleration in the Claisen Rearrangement Reaction - edocMolecular Determinants for Rate Acceleration in the Claisen Rearrangement Reaction - edoc
The Claisen rearrangement is a carbon-carbon bond-forming, pericyclic reaction of fundamental importance due to its relevance in synthetic and mechanistic investigations of organic and biological chemistry. Despite continued efforts, the molecular origins of the rate acceleration in going from the aqueous phase into the protein is still incompletely understood. In the present work, the rearrangement reactions for allyl-vinyl-ether (AVE), its dicarboxylated variant (AVE-(CO2)2), and the biologically relevant substrate chorismate are investigated in the gas phase, water, and in chorismate mutase. Only the rearrangement of chorismate in the enzyme shows a negative differential barrier when compared to the reaction in water, which leads to the experimentally observed catalytic effect for the enzyme. The molecular origin of this effect is the positioning of AVE-(CO2)2 and chorismate in the protein active site compared to AVE. Furthermore, in going from AVE-(CO2)2 to chorismate, entropic effects due ...
https://edoc.unibas.ch/75024/
RCSB PDB - 1K0E: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AMINODEOXYCHORISMATE SYNTHASE FROM FORMATE GROWN CRYSTALS Methods Report...RCSB PDB - 1K0E: THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AMINODEOXYCHORISMATE SYNTHASE FROM FORMATE GROWN CRYSTALS Methods Report...
1K0E: Structure of Escherichia coli aminodeoxychorismate synthase: architectural conservation and diversity in chorismate-utilizing enzymes.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/materialsAndMethods.do?structureId=1K0E
The lipid-reactive oxygen species phenotype of breast cancer. Raman spectroscopy and mapping, PCA and PLSDA for invasive ductal...The lipid-reactive oxygen species phenotype of breast cancer. Raman spectroscopy and mapping, PCA and PLSDA for invasive ductal...
Vibrational signatures of human breast tissue (invasive ductal carcinoma and invasive lobular carcinoma) were used to identify, characterize and discriminate structures in normal (noncancerous) and cancerous tissues by confocal Raman imaging, Raman spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy. The most important differe Optical Diagnosis (2014)
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2015/AN/C4AN01876A
UniProt: F2PQI4 TRIECUniProt: F2PQI4 TRIEC
ID F2PQI4_TRIEC Unreviewed; 323 AA. AC F2PQI4; DT 31-MAY-2011, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 31-MAY-2011, sequence version 1. DT 11-DEC-2019, entry version 29. DE SubName: Full=Chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EGE04152.1}; GN ORFNames=TEQG_03185 {ECO:0000313,EMBL:EGE04152.1}; OS Trichophyton equinum (strain ATCC MYA-4606 / CBS 127.97) (Horse ringworm OS fungus). OC Eukaryota; Fungi; Dikarya; Ascomycota; Pezizomycotina; Eurotiomycetes; OC Eurotiomycetidae; Onygenales; Arthrodermataceae; Trichophyton. OX NCBI_TaxID=559882 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000009169}; RN [1] {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000009169} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=ATCC MYA-4606 / CBS 127.97 {ECO:0000313,Proteomes:UP000009169}; RX PubMed=22951933; DOI=10.1128/mBio.00259-12; RA Martinez D.A., Oliver B.G., Graeser Y., Goldberg J.M., Li W., RA Martinez-Rossi N.M., Monod M., Shelest E., Barton R.C., Birch E., RA Brakhage A.A., Chen Z., Gurr S.J., Heiman D., Heitman J., Kosti ...
https://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?uniprot:F2PQI4_TRIEC
Chorismate to PHB in Yeast?Chorismate to PHB in Yeast?
Hi, I have a Yeast question that I hope someone in the group can answer. In bacteria the conversion of chorismate to para-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) is the first step in ubiquinone biosynthesis. The reaction is carried out by the enzyme chorismate pyruvate lyase (CPL) encoded by the ubiC gene. In a search of the literature I have not been able to find any references to a CPL activity in Yeast. Is it known that chorismate is converted directly to PHB in Yeast as part of ubiquinone synthesis, or is the PHB derived from a different pathway? If it is a direct conversion it would seem that petite mutants blocked at this step would have been isolated and described in the literature. Have I missed something or is there a gap in the information on this pathway? Many Thanks, Frank Mondello ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/yeast/1996-April/005057.html
Chorismate mutase - WikipediaChorismate mutase - Wikipedia
An additional stabilizing factor in this enzyme-substrate complex is hydrogen bonding between the lone pair of the oxygen in the vinyl ether system and hydrogen bond donor residues. Not only does this stabilize the complex, but disruption of resonance within the vinyl ether destabilizes the ground state and reduces the energy barrier for this transformation. An alternative view is that electrostatic stabilization of the polarized transition state is of great importance in this reaction. In the chorismate mutase active site, the transition-state analog is stabilized by 12 electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions.[8] This is shown in mutants of the native enzyme in which Arg90 is replaced with citrulline to demonstrate the importance of hydrogen bonding to stabilize the transition state.[9] Other work using chorismate mutase from Bacillus subtilis showed evidence that when a cation was aptly placed in the active site, the electrostatic interactions between it and the negatively charged ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorismate_mutase
trpE2 protein (Synechocystis sp. PCC6803) - STRING databasetrpE2 protein (Synechocystis sp. PCC6803) - STRING database
Anthranilate synthase component I; Part of a heterotetrameric complex that catalyzes the two-step biosynthesis of anthranilate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-tryptophan. In the first step, the glutamine- binding beta subunit (TrpG) of anthranilate synthase (AS) provides the glutamine amidotransferase activity which generates ammonia as a substrate that, along with chorismate, is used in the second step, catalyzed by the large alpha subunit of AS (TrpE) to produce anthranilate. In the absence of TrpG, TrpE can synthesize anthranilate directly from chorismate and high concentr [...] (508 aa ...
https://string-db.org/newstring_cgi/show_network_section.pl?identifier=1148.SYNGTS_1641
WikiGenes - NPL - N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase...WikiGenes - NPL - N-acetylneuraminate pyruvate lyase...
The worlds first wiki where authorship really matters. Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts.
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/80896.html
A new salicylate synthase AmS is identified for siderophores biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis methanolica 239(T). | Sigma-AldrichA new salicylate synthase AmS is identified for siderophores biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis methanolica 239(T). | Sigma-Aldrich
Sigma-Aldrich offers abstracts and full-text articles by [Feng Xie, Shengwang Dai, Jinzhao Shen, Biao Ren, Pei Huang, Qiushui Wang, Xueting Liu, Buchang Zhang, Huanqin Dai, Lixin Zhang].
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/25586582
AID 52148 - The compound was tested for inhibition of Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase (BcCM) - PubChemAID 52148 - The compound was tested for inhibition of Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase (BcCM) - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 52148 submitted by ChEMBL: The compound was tested for inhibition of Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase (BcCM).
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/52148
shikimate kinase(EC 2.7.1.71) - Creative Enzymesshikimate kinase(EC 2.7.1.71) - Creative Enzymes
Shikimate kinase (EC 2.7.1.71) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of shikimate to form shikimate 3-phosphate. This reaction is the fifth step o
https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/Shikimate-Kinase_13270.html
SearchSearch
Replacement of two invariant serine residues in chorismate synthase provides evidence that a proton relay system is essential...Replacement of two invariant serine residues in chorismate synthase provides evidence that a proton relay system is essential...
Replacement of two invariant serine residues in chorismate synthase provides evidence that a proton relay system is essential for intermediate formation and catalytic activity ...
https://www.jic.ac.uk/research-impact/publications/replacement-of-two-invariant-serine-residues-in-chorismate-synthase-provides-evidence-that-a-proton-relay-system-is-essential-for-intermediate-formation-and-catalytic-activity/
trpB protein (Burkholderia cepacia) - STRING interaction networktrpB protein (Burkholderia cepacia) - STRING interaction network
Anthranilate synthase component 1; Part of a heterotetrameric complex that catalyzes the two-step biosynthesis of anthranilate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of L-tryptophan. In the first step, the glutamine- binding beta subunit (TrpG) of anthranilate synthase (AS) provides the glutamine amidotransferase activity which generates ammonia as a substrate that, along with chorismate, is used in the second step, catalyzed by the large alpha subunit of AS (TrpE) to produce anthranilate. In the absence of TrpG, TrpE can synthesize anthranilate directly from chorismate and high concentr [...] (497 aa ...
https://string-db.org/network/292.DM42_4095
RCSB PDB - 1COM: THE MONOFUNCTIONAL CHORISMATE MUTASE FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS: STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF CHORISMATE...RCSB PDB - 1COM: THE MONOFUNCTIONAL CHORISMATE MUTASE FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS: STRUCTURE DETERMINATION OF CHORISMATE...
1COM: The monofunctional chorismate mutase from Bacillus subtilis. Structure determination of chorismate mutase and its complexes with a transition state analog and prephenate, and implications for the mechanism of the enzymatic reaction.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=1COM
3-(2-Aminoethyl)indol-5-ol p-aminobenzoate dihydrochloride | C17H19Cl2N3O2 - PubChem3-(2-Aminoethyl)indol-5-ol p-aminobenzoate dihydrochloride | C17H19Cl2N3O2 - PubChem
3-(2-Aminoethyl)indol-5-ol p-aminobenzoate dihydrochloride | C17H19Cl2N3O2 | CID 29683 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/29683
OSB Combiline | EGGEROSB Combiline | EGGER
The OSB Combiline is a high-strength coatable composite element with a core layer of OSB and a double-sided top layer made of thin MDF. It combines the excellent flexural rigidity of the EGGER OSB board with the suitability for coating and lacquering of an MDF board.. ...
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Norbord Reports Third Quarter 2018 Results; Declares Quarterly DividendNorbord Reports Third Quarter 2018 Results; Declares Quarterly Dividend
/CNW/ - Norbord Inc. (TSX and NYSE: OSB) today reported Adjusted EBITDA of $211 million for the third quarter of 2018 versus $200 million in the third quarter...
https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/norbord-reports-third-quarter-2018-results-declares-quarterly-dividend-699246251.html
Global and Chinese p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester Sodium Salt (CAS 35285-68-8) Industry, 2017 Market Research ReportGlobal and Chinese p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester Sodium Salt (CAS 35285-68-8) Industry, 2017 Market Research Report
Global and Chinese p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester Sodium Salt (CAS 35285-68-8) Industry, 2017 Market Research Report The Global and Chinese p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Ethyl Ester Sodium - Market research report and industry analysis - 10790198
https://www.marketresearch.com/Prof-Research-v4036/Global-Chinese-Hydroxybenzoic-Acid-Ethyl-10790198/
The emerging periplasm-localized subclass of AroQ chorismate mutases, by David H. Calhoun, Carol A. Bonner et al.The emerging periplasm-localized subclass of AroQ chorismate mutases, by David H. Calhoun, Carol A. Bonner et al.
Background Chorismate mutases of the AroQ homology class are widespread in the Bacteria and the Archaea. Many of these exist as domains that are fused with other aromatic-pathway catalytic domains. Among the monofunctional AroQ proteins, that from Erwinia herbicola was previously shown to have a cleavable signal peptide and located in the periplasmic compartment. Whether or not this might be unique to E. herbicola was unknown. Results The gene coding for the AroQ protein was cloned from Salmonella typhimurium, and the AroQ protein purified from both S. typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was shown to have a periplasmic location. The periplasmic chorismate mutases (denoted *AroQ) are shown to be a distinct subclass of AroQ, being about twice the size of cytoplasmic AroQ proteins. The increased size is due to a carboxy-terminal extension of unknown function. In addition, a so-far novel aromatic aminotransferase was shown to be present in the periplasm of P. aeruginosa. Conclusions Our analysis has
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_pubs/119/
Organic Lab Reactions 31 - 26 THE CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT allyl 2-carbomethoxy-6-methylphenyl ether(LXXXV undergoes the para...Organic Lab Reactions 31 - 26 THE CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT allyl 2-carbomethoxy-6-methylphenyl ether(LXXXV undergoes the para...
View Notes - Organic Lab Reactions 31 from CHM 2210 at University of Florida. 26 THE CLAISEN REARRANGEMENT allyl 2-carbomethoxy-6-methylphenyl ether (LXXXV) undergoes the para rearrangement when the
https://www.coursehero.com/file/6560488/Organic-Lab-Reactions-31/
Ethylparaben - WikipediaEthylparaben - Wikipedia
Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Its formula is HO-C6H4-CO-O-CH2CH3. It is a member of the class of compounds known as parabens. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylparaben
Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ENTA) Upgraded to Hold at Zacks Investment Research - Community Financial NewsEnanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (ENTA) Upgraded to Hold at Zacks Investment Research - Community Financial News
Zacks Investment Research upgraded shares of Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:ENTA) from a sell rating to a hold rating in a report issued on Tuesday morning. According to Zacks,
https://www.com-unik.info/2017/10/11/enanta-pharmaceuticals-inc-enta-upgraded-to-hold-at-zacks-investment-research.html
Buy Chloromycetin OnlineBuy Chloromycetin Online
Buy Chloromycetin Online! Chloromycetin is a broad spectrum antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae. Chloromycetin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when given by mouth and widely distributed throughout most body tissues and fluids.
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NWMN RS07220 - AureoWikiNWMN RS07220 - AureoWiki
Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferaseN-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)-anthranilate + diphosphate = anthranilate + 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1-diphosphate ...
http://aureowiki.med.uni-greifswald.de/NWMN_RS07220
Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase activity in cultured human skeletal muscle cells: relationship to glucose...Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase activity in cultured human skeletal muscle cells: relationship to glucose...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8636435?dopt=Abstract
Analysis of a trimeric complex involving chorismate synthase from Bacillus subtilis<...Analysis of a trimeric complex involving chorismate synthase from Bacillus subtilis<...
TY - GEN. T1 - Analysis of a trimeric complex involving chorismate synthase from Bacillus subtilis. AU - Fitzpatrick, Teresa B.. AU - Amrhein, Nikolaus. AU - Macheroux, Peter. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. M3 - Conference contribution. SP - 749. EP - 752. BT - Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium. PB - Rudolf Weber. CY - Berlin. ER - ...
https://graz.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/analysis-of-a-trimeric-complex-involving-chorismate-synthase-from
Design and synthesis of aromatic inhibitors of anthranilate synthase - Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (RSC Publishing)Design and synthesis of aromatic inhibitors of anthranilate synthase - Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry (RSC Publishing)
Anthranilate synthase catalyses the conversion of chorismate to anthranilate, a key step in tryptophan biosynthesis. A series of 3-(1-carboxy-ethoxy) benzoic acids were synthesised as chorismate analogues, with varying functionality at C-4, the position of the departing hydroxyl group in chorismate. Most of the com In memory of Chris Abell
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/OB/2005/B510633H
Zero Formaldehyde MDI glue OSB boardZero Formaldehyde MDI glue OSB board
Kinds of OSB : Normal hardwood mixed core OSB Poplar thicker flakes OSB Veneer faced OSB(okoume, bintangor, pine, birch, etc) Material : Poplar, pine or combi Sizes : 1220x2440mm, 1250x2500mm, 1450x3000mm or per request Thickness : 6mm to 30mm Tolerance : Plus and Minus 0.2mm Glue : MR, Melamine, WBP, E0, E1, E2... Moisture : 6% to 15% Package : Wrapped with plastic bag, covered by carton box, fastened by steel belts with pallets Usage : Used in residential and commercial construction, and is gaining popularity in markets such as materials handling and the manufacturing of upholstered furniture,structural insulated panels. Usually its used for roof decking, roof sarking, wall, sheathing, Flooring, packaging,hoardings, signboards and portable buildings etc. Payment Term : T/T or L/C at sight Delivery Time : Within 15-20 days after deposit received or L/C at sight ...
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Microwave-Assisted Claisen Rearrangement: Synthesis of Naturally Occurring TRAIL-Resistance-Overcoming Tyrosine DerivativeMicrowave-Assisted Claisen Rearrangement: Synthesis of Naturally Occurring TRAIL-Resistance-Overcoming Tyrosine Derivative
A free platform for explaining your research in plain language, and managing how you communicate around it - so you can understand how best to increase its impact.
https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1080%25252F00397911.2014.974614/reader
Horizmatna sintaza - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаHorizmatna sintaza - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Bornemann, S., Lowe, D.J. and Thorneley, R.N. (1996). „The transient kinetics of Escherichia coli chorismate synthase: substrate consumption, product formation, phosphate dissociation, and characterization of a flavin intermediate. Biochemistry. 35: 9907-9916. PMID 8703965 ...
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizmatna_sintaza
Sodium anthranilate - Alfa ChemistrySodium anthranilate - Alfa Chemistry
Alfa Chemistry is the worlds leading provider for special chemicals. We offer qualified products for 552-37-4(SODIUM ANTHRANILATE),please inquire us for 552-37-4(SODIUM ANTHRANILATE).
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Medium Density Overlays for OSB & Plywood « « Products | The ingredients of opportunity - Arclin.Medium Density Overlays for OSB & Plywood « « Products | The ingredients of opportunity - Arclin.
DustCap® Dust Suppression Freeze Control provides a cost-effective, simple way to control dust in the equine environment more. ...
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AECinfo BuildingBlog #178AECinfo BuildingBlog #178
Lamit structural insulated panels (SIPs) are high-performance building panels for floors, walls, and roofs. Each panel is made using expanded polystyrene (EPS) interceding two structural skins of oriented strand board (OSB). Lamit SIPs are as versatile as they are efficient. They can be custom fabricated to your specific project demands. The result is a building system that is very strong, predictable, energy efficient, and cost effective.. ...
https://www.aecinfo.com/1/newsletter/01/25/07/index_1.html?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2021-09-09
Affinity chromatography and inhibition of chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase by derivatives of phenylalanine and...Affinity chromatography and inhibition of chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase by derivatives of phenylalanine and...
Several derivatives of phenylalanine and tyrosine were prepared and tested for inhibition of chorismate mutase-prephenate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.12) from Escherichia coli K12 (strain JP 232). The best inhibitors were N-toluene-p-sulphonyl-L-phenylalanine, N-benzenesulphonyl-L-phenylalanine and N-benzloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine. Consequently two compounds, N-toluene-sulphonyl-L-p-aminophenylalanine and N-p-aminobenzenesulphonyl-L-phenylalanine, were synthesized for coupling to CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B. The N-toluene-p-sulphonyl-L-p-aminophenylalanine-Sepharose-4B conjugate was shown to bind the enzyme very strongly at pH 7.5. The enzyme was not eluted by various eluents, including 1 M-NaCl, but could be quantitatively recovered by washing with buffer of pH9. Elution was more effective in the presence of 10 mM-1-adamantaneacetic acid, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. This affinity-chromatography procedure results in a high degree of purification of the enzyme and can be used to prepare ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/165/1/121
ubiC - Chorismate pyruvate-lyase - Proteus mirabilis (strain HI4320) - ubiC gene & proteinubiC - Chorismate pyruvate-lyase - Proteus mirabilis (strain HI4320) - ubiC gene & protein
Removes the pyruvyl group from chorismate, with concomitant aromatization of the ring, to provide 4-hydroxybenzoate (4HB) for the ubiquinone pathway.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/B4EYR7
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Discovery of a Novel DNA Gyrase-Targeting Antibiotic through the Chemical Perturbation of Streptomyces venezuelae Sporulation. ...Discovery of a Novel DNA Gyrase-Targeting Antibiotic through the Chemical Perturbation of Streptomyces venezuelae Sporulation. ...
Common approaches to antibiotic discovery include small-molecule screens for growth inhibition in target pathogens and screens for inhibitors of purified…
https://www.jic.ac.uk/research-impact/publications/discovery-of-a-novel-dna-gyrase-targeting-antibiotic-through-the-chemical-perturbation-of-streptomyces-venezuelae-sporulation/
Would it be effective to sheath a climate-controlled garage in North Texas with foil-faced OSB (foil on the outside)? | RIMA...Would it be effective to sheath a climate-controlled garage in North Texas with foil-faced OSB (foil on the outside)? | RIMA...
Radiant barrier house wrap; what and where? To my knowledge, Tyvek is not a radiant barrier. The foil faced OSB is a radiant barrier, do you recommend redundant radiant barriers? If so, should there be a separate air gap for each barrier? My understanding is that placing anything in the air gap between the inside roof surface and the reflective radiant barrier is counterproductive ...
https://rimainternational.org/qa/would-it-be-effective-to-sheath-a-climate-controlled-garage-in-north-texas-with-foil-faced-osb-foil-on-the-outside/
PKS BLAST table : Aureo 00030PKS BLAST table : Aureo 00030
In vitro reconstitution and crystal structure of p-aminobenzoate N-oxygenase (AurF) involved in aureothin biosynthesis.(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.) [2008] ...
http://www.bio.nite.go.jp/pks/blast_table/view/Aureo_00030/Q70KH9
tex-live] TeXLive 2016 on Ubuntutex-live] TeXLive 2016 on Ubuntu
I understand that it should, but Im saying in practice it doesnt on my VM. I can verify that the texlive-local package is installed, but apt-get still wants to install texlive-binaries as part of the texmaker installation. -- ✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛ Br. Samuel, OSB St. Anselms Abbey Washington, DC (R. Padraic Springuel) PAX ☧ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ ...
https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2016-August/039186.html
ISOBOARDISOBOARD
ISOBOARD® PRELAMINATED FLAT SANDWICH PANELS ISOBOARD panels are manufactured by the lamination of Decoser wall liner panels onto plywood, OSB, EPS...
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Cloning and sequencing of Escherichia coli ubiC and purification of chorismate lyase. | Journal of BacteriologyCloning and sequencing of Escherichia coli ubiC and purification of chorismate lyase. | Journal of Bacteriology
In Escherichia coli, chorismate lyase catalyzes the first step in ubiquinone biosynthesis, the conversion of chorismate to 4-hydroxybenzoate. 4-Hydroxybenzoate is converted to 3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoate by 4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyltransferase. These two enzymes are encoded by ubiC and ubiA, respectively, and have been reported to map near one another at 92 min on the E. coli chromosome. We have cloned the ubiCA gene cluster and determined the nucleotide sequence of ubiC and a portion of ubiA. The nucleotide sequence abuts with a previously determined sequence that encodes a large portion of ubiA. ubiC was localized by subcloning, and overproducing plasmids were constructed. Overexpression of ubiC allowed the purification of chorismate lyase to homogeneity, and N-terminal sequence analysis of chorismate lyase unambiguously defined the beginning of the ubiC coding region. Although chorismate lyase showed no significant amino acid sequence similarity to 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/174/16/5309
Sagescript Institute: Parabens and this and thatSagescript Institute: Parabens and this and that
In fact, parabens themselves are natural substances found in food and so we are exposed to them through food. Parabens is the name given to a group of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) esters. Parabens are biodegradable and natural. A growing number of manufacturers are now using Japanese honeysuckle extract in their products. This is a source of parabens and by using it the manufacturers are getting around the negative public perception of using parabens. We may have done parabens a big disservice and could find that they are actually the best and most natural preservative we can use. Lets keep an open mind on this. Here is more reading on the subject. ...
http://sagescript.blogspot.com/2009/11/parabens-and-this-and-that.html
Electronics - Telecommunication (ENTC) Final Year Projects Guidance in Sangamner | Sangamner | MeraEvents.comElectronics - Telecommunication (ENTC) Final Year Projects Guidance in Sangamner | Sangamner | MeraEvents.com
Book Passes/Tickets on-line for Electronics - Telecommunication (ENTC) Final Year Projects Guidance in Sangamner. Get Event Details, Rating, Timings for Events, Concerts, Live Shows and Parties in MeraEvents.com
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mqo - Probable malate:quinone oxidoreductase - Wigglesworthia glossinidia brevipalpis - mqo gene & proteinmqo - Probable malate:quinone oxidoreductase - Wigglesworthia glossinidia brevipalpis - mqo gene & protein
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q8D1V2
advantech subfloor adhesive kitadvantech subfloor adhesive kit
The Advantech sheathing is designed for subfloor applications only. Simple OSB Adhesive Vs Advance Advantech OSB. Add to Cart . Advantechs Best Selling Panel PCs. Two identical pieces of AdvanTech 1 1/8 plywood are attached to decking with about six inch strips of the adhesive. ... Rockstar Starter Kit - Everything you need to get … Proven on the jobsite for over 20 years, AdvanTech® products are the FLAT OUT BEST™ for a quiet, stiff floor, and when used in combination, AdvanTech® subflooring and AdvanTech® subfloor adhesive provide an assembly so strong, you wont hear a squeak - guaranteed¹. From the subfloor brand builders trust for the flat out best™ quiet, stiff floors, comes new Advantech™ subfloor adhesive for subfloor assemblies so strong, you wont hear a squeak. Direct Gluing Vinyl Sheet and Tile to OSB SubfloorsInstalling a glue down vinyl floor (sheet or tile) directly over Oriented Strand Board (OSB) Subflooring has become a hot topic for me of lately. The 5/8 Zip ...
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tex-live] texhash redirecttex-live] texhash redirect
I would have never thought to check that. Thanks. By adding the explicit verbose option, I got the information into the log file: mktexlsr --verbose ,, $LOGFILE 2,&1 ✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛✛ Br. Samuel, OSB (R. Padraic Springuel) PAX ☧ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ ...
https://tug.org/pipermail/tex-live/2015-October/037436.html
Images in cardiology. - Semantic ScholarImages in cardiology. - Semantic Scholar
A 76 year old man was admitted with a four month history of progressive swelling of both legs and abdominal distension. He was icteric with bilateral pitting oedema to both groins. His abdomen was distended with prominent superficial vasculature and evidence of ascites. The jugular venous pressure was not raised. The chest x ray showed a normal cardiac silhouette with clear lung fields. An ultrasound scan revealed a well demarcated mass of 10 cm diameter within the right lobe of the liver. Initial blood tests revealed an elevated bilirubin of 41 mmol/l but normal a fetoprotein at 2 kU/l (normal range 0-8 kU/l). A liver biopsy confirmed the mass to be a well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography showed a mass (5 cm 6 4 cm) within the right atrium protruding from the inferior vena cava (AV, aortic valve; LA, left atrium; RA, right atrium; T, tumour). A contrast enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan of the upper abdomen showed that the tumour
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Images-in-cardiology-Yazaki-Takahashi/651817a73a4064aeb2a1eca1b767bb719b97ba48
PyocyaninPyocyanin
Chorismic acid is the precursor of pyocyanin. shikimic acid → chorismic acid → phenazine-1-carboxylic acid → 5-methylphenazine- ... In this reaction the enzyme PhzE catalyzes the loss of the hydroxyl group from C4 of Chorismic Acid as well as the transfer of ... Biosynthesis can be impaired by disrupting the aro pathway which is responsible for the synthesis of chorismic acid from ... 6-carboxylic acid (THPCA). In the final step of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid synthesis the enzyme PhzG catalyzes the oxidation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyocyanin
Vitamin K2Vitamin K2
Many bacteria synthesize menaquinones from chorismic acid. They use it as a part of the electron transport chain, playing a ... in conversion of peptide-bound glutamic acid (Glu) to γ-carboxy glutamic acid (Gla) in these proteins). Carboxylation of these ... Oxygen, heme, and menaquinones are needed for many species of lactic acid bacteria to conduct respiration. Vitamin K Vitamin K1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K2
Chorismate synthaseChorismate synthase
"The enzymic synthesis of chorismic and prephenic acids from 3-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 5-phosphate". J. Biol. Chem. 242 (1): 82 ... It is a protein of about 360 to 400 amino-acid residues. The shikimate pathway synthesises aromatic amino acids as well as ... fungi and plants for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. It catalyzes the 1,4-trans elimination of the phosphate group ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorismate_synthase
EPSP synthaseEPSP synthase
"The enzymic synthesis of chorismic and prephenic acids from 3-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 5-phosphate". The Journal of Biological ... Basic and amino acids in the active site are involved in deprotonation of the hydroxyl group of PEP and in the proton-exchange ... Eventually this results in organism death from lack of aromatic amino acids the organism requires to survive. A version of the ... Maeda H, Dudareva N (2012). "The shikimate pathway and aromatic amino Acid biosynthesis in plants". Annual Review of Plant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPSP_synthase
VibriobactinVibriobactin
DHB is synthesized from chorismic acid by a series of enzymes: VibA, VibB, and VibC. DHB is linked to NSPD by VibE, VibB and ... The components of vibriobactin are three 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), two threonine (Thr), and one norspermidine (NSPD). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibriobactin
PhenazinePhenazine
... biosynthesis branches off the shikimic acid pathway at a point subsequent to chorismic acid. Two molecules of this ... Sulfuric acid dissolves it, forming a deep-red solution. Classically phenazine are prepared by the reaction of nitrobenzene and ... When heated with concentrated hydrochloric acid the amino group is replaced by the hydroxyl group and the phenolic eurhodols ... It dissolves in concentrated sulfuric acid with a yellowish-green fluorescence. The rhodamines, which are closely related to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenazine
Prephenate dehydratasePrephenate dehydratase
... enzymes converting chorismic acid into prephenic acid and their relationships to prephenate dehydratase and prephenate ... CERUTTI P, GUROFF G (1965). "Enzymatic Formation of Phenylpyruvic Acid in Pseudomonas Sp. (Atcc 11299A) and ITS Regulation". J ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prephenate_dehydratase
GlucobrassicinGlucobrassicin
... chorismic acid. Tryptophan is converted to indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx) by cytochrome p450 enzymes (the redundant CYP92B3 and ... The biosynthesis of glucobrassicin begins with tryptophan produced through several steps from the Shikimic acid pathway ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucobrassicin
RubicordifolinRubicordifolin
Shikimate is converted into chorismic acid, which is further converted into 2-succinylbenzoic acid through a TPP-dependent ... After 2-succinylbenzoic acid has been produced, a cyclization, a prenylation, a methylation, and an oxidation occur which ... Mechanistically, it is proposed that the phenylboronic acid promotes a cyclization that is followed by a Diels-Alder reaction ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubicordifolin
EnterobactinEnterobactin
Chorismic acid, an aromatic amino acid precursor, is converted to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) by a series of enzymes, EntA ... These initial studies established the structure and its relationship to 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Dertz EA, Xu J, Stintzi A, ... O'Brien IG, Cox GB, Gibson F (March 1970). "Biologically active compounds containing 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and serine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterobactin
Horizmatna sintaza - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаHorizmatna sintaza - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
The enzymic synthesis of chorismic and prephenic acids from 3-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 5-phosphate". J. Biol. Chem. 242: 82-90 ...
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizmatna_sintaza
TacrolimusTacrolimus
The starter unit, DHCHC from the chorismic acid is formed by fkbO enzyme and loaded onto CoA-ligase domain (CoL). Then, it ... After the last step (module 10) of PKS 1, one molecule of L-pipecolic acid formed from L-lysine and catalyzed through fkbL ... The process of L-pipecolic acid synthesis is NRPS enforced by fkbP enzyme. After synthesizing the entire subunits, the molecule ... The fundamental units for biosynthesis are following: one molecule of 4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid (DHCHC) as a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacrolimus
2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase
From these six genes, EntA, EntB, and EntC are responsible for the synthesis of DHB from chorismic acid and the gene EntA ... Young IG, Gibson F (May 1969). "Regulation of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid in ... 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHB or simply DHB). In times of iron deficiency, iron uptake is controlled by three genes: ent, ... 3-dihydroxybenzoic acid dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli". Acta Crystallographica D. 62 (Pt 7): 734-40. doi:10.1107/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate_dehydrogenase
C10H10O6C10H10O6
The molecular formula C10H10O6 (molar mass: 226.18 g/mol, exact mass: 226.0477 u) may refer to: Chorismic acid Prephenic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C10H10O6
Anthranilic acidAnthranilic acid
... was first obtained by base-induced degradation of indigo. Anthranilic acid is biosynthesized from chorismic ... tolfenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and meclofenamic acid are derived from fenamic acid or anthranilic acid and are called " ... Fenamic acid is a derivative of anthranilic acid, which in turn is a nitrogen isostere of salicylic acid, which is the active ... Anthranilic acid is an aromatic acid with the formula C6H4(NH2)(CO2H) and has a sweetish taste. The molecule consists of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthranilic_acid
Chorismic acidChorismic acid
The name chorismic acid derives from a classical Greek word χωρίζω meaning "to separate", because the compound plays a role as ... Chorismic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form chorismate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and ... 3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) used for enterobactin biosynthesis The plant hormone salicylic acid Many alkaloids and other ... C10H10O6 Wildermuth MC, Dewdney J, Wu G, Ausubel FM (2001). "Isochorismate synthase is required to synthesize salicylic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorismic_acid
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acidCyclohexanecarboxylic acid
... acid chlorogenic acid chorismic acid dicyclomine quinic acid shikimic acid tranexamic acid Quinic acid Shikimic acid Chorismic ... Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid exhibits the reactions typical of carboxylic acids, including its conversion to the acid chloride ... Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is the organic compound with the formula C6H11CO2H. It is the carboxylic acid of cyclohexane. It is ... Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a precursor to the nylon-6 precursor caprolactam via its reaction with nitrosylsulfuric acid. It ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclohexanecarboxylic_acid
3-Dehydroquinic acid3-Dehydroquinic acid
... undergoes five further enzymatic steps in the remainder of the shikimate pathway to chorismic acid, a ... 3-Dehydroquinic acid (DHQ) is the first carbocyclic intermediate of the shikimate pathway. It is created from 3- ... 3-Dehydroquinate goes through beta oxidation, similar to fatty acids. Then, this compound (6-oxo-3-dehydro-quinate) is ... It has the same structure as quinic acid, which is found in coffee, but the C-3 hydroxyl is oxidized to a ketone group. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Dehydroquinic_acid
Chorismic acid - WikipediaChorismic acid - Wikipedia
The name chorismic acid derives from a classical Greek word χωρίζω meaning "to separate", because the compound plays a role as ... Chorismic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form chorismate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and ... 3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) used for enterobactin biosynthesis The plant hormone salicylic acid Many alkaloids and other ... C10H10O6 Wildermuth MC, Dewdney J, Wu G, Ausubel FM (2001). "Isochorismate synthase is required to synthesize salicylic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorismic_acid
Chorismic acid from Enterobacter aerogenes ≥80% | Sigma-AldrichChorismic acid from Enterobacter aerogenes ≥80% | Sigma-Aldrich
Chorismic acid from Enterobacter aerogenes ,=80%; CAS No.: 617-12-9; Synonyms: trans-3-([1-Carboxyethenyl]oxy)-4-hydroxy-1,5- ... Chorismic acid from Enterobacter aerogenes ≥80% Synonym: trans-. 3-. ([1-. Carboxyethenyl]. oxy). -. 4-. hydroxy-. 1,5- ... Chorismic acid is a metabolite generally used in the study of chorismate-prephenate rearrangement and to synthesize chorismate ... Building Blocks, C10, Carbonyl Compounds, Carboxylic Acids, Chemical Synthesis, Organic Building Blocks ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/ALDRICH/C1761?lang=en®ion=US
bmse000075 Chorismic Acid at BMRBbmse000075 Chorismic Acid at BMRB
Chorismic Acid. Chorismic Acid bmse000075 - Data bmse000998 - Data bmst000056 - Theory Chorismic Acid synonyms. 1,5- ... Cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid, 3-((1-carboxyethenyl)oxy)-4-hydroxy-, (3R-trans)-; CHORISMIC ACID; Chorismate; Chorismic acid ... A Repository for Data from NMR Spectroscopy on Proteins, Peptides, Nucleic Acids, and other Biomolecules Member of ... 3R,4R)-3-(1-carboxyethenoxy)-4-hydroxy-cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid. ...
http://bmrb.wisc.edu/metabolomics/mol_summary/?molName=Chorismic+acid
Pyocyanin - WikipediaPyocyanin - Wikipedia
Chorismic acid is the precursor of pyocyanin. shikimic acid → chorismic acid → phenazine-1-carboxylic acid → 5-methylphenazine- ... of the hydroxyl group from C4 of Chorismic Acid as well as the transfer of an amine group from glutamine to form glutamic acid ... Biosynthesis can be impaired by disrupting the aro pathway which is responsible for the synthesis of chorismic acid from ... 6-carboxylic acid (THPCA).[20] In the final step of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid synthesis the enzyme PhzG catalyzes the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyocyanin
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Noncanonical Reactions of Flavoenzymes | HTMLIJMS | Free Full-Text | Noncanonical Reactions of Flavoenzymes | HTML
In these enzymes, the flavin plays either a direct role in acid/base reactions or as a nucleophile or electrophile. In addition ... Hill, R.K.; Newkome, G.R. Stereochemistry of chorismic acid biosynthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc 1969, 91, 5893-5894. [Google Scholar ... acting as either an acid or a base, or functioning as both an acid and a base [44]. A role for the reduced FMN in charge ... such as both an acid and a base, in electron transfer and acid/base reactions, and as a molecular scaffold forming a covalent ...
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/11/14219/htm
Anthranilic acid - WikipediaAnthranilic acid - Wikipedia
Anthranilic acid was first obtained by base-induced degradation of indigo. Anthranilic acid is biosynthesized from chorismic ... tolfenamic acid, flufenamic acid, and meclofenamic acid are derived from fenamic acid or anthranilic acid and are called " ... Fenamic acid is a derivative of anthranilic acid, which in turn is a nitrogen isostere of salicylic acid, which is the active ... Anthranilic acid is an aromatic acid with the formula C6H4(NH2)(CO2H) and has a sweetish taste. The molecule consists of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthranilic_acid
Human Urinary Composition Controls Antibacterial Activity of Siderocalin. - PubMed - NCBIHuman Urinary Composition Controls Antibacterial Activity of Siderocalin. - PubMed - NCBI
... model UPEC strain UTI89 produces three siderophores derived from chorismic acid precursors. Isogenic mutants disrupting ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861985
Quantitative Metabolomics Reveals an Epigenetic Blueprint for Iron Acquisition in Uropathogenic Escherichia coliQuantitative Metabolomics Reveals an Epigenetic Blueprint for Iron Acquisition in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Interestingly, the yersiniabactin and salmochelin biosynthetic pathways converge at chorismic acid, where each pathway uses ... Figure 6. Biosynthesis of siderophores associated with recurrent UTI depends on chorismic acid utilization. ... formic acid) was held constant at 95% and solvent B (80% acetonitrile in 0.1% formic acid) was held constant at 5% for 5 ... formic acid in 10% acetonitrile. Siderophores were eluted following application of 2 mL of 0.1% formic acid in 80% acetonitrile ...
http://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1000305
Novel Methyltransferase for Modified Uridine Residues at the Wobble Position of tRNA | Molecular and Cellular BiologyNovel Methyltransferase for Modified Uridine Residues at the Wobble Position of tRNA | Molecular and Cellular Biology
Chorismic acid, a key metabolite in modification of tRNA. J. Bacteriol. 172:252-259. ... Biological function of 2-thiouridine in Escherichia coli glutamic acid transfer ribonucleic acid. Biochemistry 12:4331-4337. ... acetic acid in water and then destained overnight at room temperature in 5% (vol/vol) methanol and 10% (vol/vol) acetic acid in ... Amino acid residues identical to those in the S. cerevisiae sequence are shaded. GenBank accession numbers are as follows: S. ...
https://mcb.asm.org/content/23/24/9283?ijkey=01b906d6b8ceca31479f83cbb12089b7f4c3a469&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Horizmatna sintaza - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаHorizmatna sintaza - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
The enzymic synthesis of chorismic and prephenic acids from 3-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 5-phosphate". J. Biol. Chem. 242: 82-90 ...
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizmatna_sintaza
biochemical properties of the two Arabidopsis thaliana isochorismate synthases | Biochemical Journal | Portland Pressbiochemical properties of the two Arabidopsis thaliana isochorismate synthases | Biochemical Journal | Portland Press
SA is synthesised from chorismic acid, derived from the shikimic acid pathway, and that SA biosynthesis occurs in the plastid [ ... Salicylic acid (SA; 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) is an important plant hormone [1]. Although it has been most thoroughly studied with ... Efficient in vivo synthesis and rapid purification of chorismic acid using an engineered Escherichia coli strain ... The important plant hormone salicylic acid (SA; 2-hydroxybenzoic acid) regulates several key plant responses including, most ...
https://portlandpress.com/biochemj/article/474/10/1579/49413/The-biochemical-properties-of-the-two-Arabidopsis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa manipulates redox and iron homeostasis of its microbiota partner Aspergillus fumigatus via phenazinesPseudomonas aeruginosa manipulates redox and iron homeostasis of its microbiota partner Aspergillus fumigatus via phenazines
... which is produced from chorismic acid. PCA is further modified in pyocyanin (PYO), 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-HP), or phenazine-1- ... The acetic acid was removed to clean 96 well plates and the absorbance at 560 nm was measured (Thermo Labsystems Multiskan EX). ... The biofilms were destained by the addition of 130 μl of 30% acetic acid in water to each well for 20 min under agitation at ... Wang Y. et al. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid promotes bacterial biofilm development via ferrous iron acquisition. J. Bacteriol. ...
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC5389140/
Herbivore-Induced SABATH Methyltransferases of Maize That Methylate Anthranilic Acid Using S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine | Plant...Herbivore-Induced SABATH Methyltransferases of Maize That Methylate Anthranilic Acid Using S-Adenosyl-l-Methionine | Plant...
Anthranilic acid is produced from chorismic acid and is further converted to the aromatic amino acid Trp. After herbivore ... AA, Anthranilic acid; BA, benzoic acid; SA, salicylic acid; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; IPA, indole-3-propionic acid; IBA, ... indole-3-butyric acid; CinA, cinnamic acid; CouA, o-coumaric acid; JA, jasmonic acid; 3ABA, 3-aminobenzoic acid; 4ABA, 4- ... S1). To find amino acids responsible for substrate specificity of AAMT1, we looked for active site amino acids that are highly ...
http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/153/4/1795.full
Team:Cambridge/Notebook/Week1 - 2009.igem.orgTeam:Cambridge/Notebook/Week1 - 2009.igem.org
Pyocyanin is greenish/blue, can be synthesized from chorismic acid, or more simply, from phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) ...
https://2009.igem.org/Team:Cambridge/Notebook/Week1
Frontiers | A Multifaceted Role of Tryptophan Metabolism and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity in Aspergillus fumigatus-Host...Frontiers | A Multifaceted Role of Tryptophan Metabolism and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity in Aspergillus fumigatus-Host...
One such nutritional limitation is the availability of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) as animals lack the enzymes to synthesize ... One such nutritional limitation is the availability of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) as animals lack the enzymes to synthesize ... Chorismic acid derived from the shikimic acid pathway is a key intermediate in producing Trp, phenylalanine (Phe), and tyrosine ... Bilkay IS, Karakoç S, Aksoz N. Indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellic acid production in Aspergillus niger. Turk J Biol (2010) 34 ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01996/full
Sociality in Escherichia coli: Enterochelin Is a Private Good at Low Cell Density and Can Be Shared at High Cell Density |...Sociality in Escherichia coli: Enterochelin Is a Private Good at Low Cell Density and Can Be Shared at High Cell Density |...
This mutant is defective in conversion of chorismic acid to the aromatic substrate for Ent synthesis, whereas EntF is required ... The pH of the culture fluid was then reduced to about 2.5 with 12 N hydrochloric acid, and the siderophores were extracted with ... The low-iron minimal medium for our experiments consisted of 50 mM 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS; pH 7), 50 mM ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/197/13/2122
Frontiers | Microbial effectors target multiple steps in the salicylic acid production and signaling pathway | Plant ScienceFrontiers | Microbial effectors target multiple steps in the salicylic acid production and signaling pathway | Plant Science
Among these, salicylic acid signaling is an important pathway because of its ability to trigger plant cell death. As biotrophic ... Here we review the strategies prokaryotic pathogens have developed to target salicylic acid biosynthesis and signaling, and ... Here we review the strategies prokaryotic pathogens have developed to target salicylic acid biosynthesis and signaling, and ... they have evolved efficient strategies to downregulate salicylic acid signaling by virulence effectors, which can be proteins ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.00349/full
Chemistry Expert WitnessesChemistry Expert Witnesses
I have published on such topics as pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) enzymes, chorismic acid metabolizing enzymes and bio- ...
https://www.roundtablegroup.com/expert-witness-field/chemistry/
Microbial production of specifically ring-13C-labelled 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | SpringerLinkMicrobial production of specifically ring-13C-labelled 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | SpringerLink
Klebsiella pneumoniae 62-1 excretes 4-hydroxybenzoic acid instead of chorismic acid. The recombinant strain can be used to ... Schmid HV, Zenk MH (1971) p-hydroxybenzoic acid and mevalonic acid as precursors of the plant naphthoquinone alkannin. ... Kaneda T, Obata H, Tokumoto M (1993) Aromatization of 4-oxocylohexanecarboxylic acid to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid by two ... Synthesis of isotopically labelled monomers and polymers of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Makromol Chem ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00166913
EC 2.5.1.1-50EC 2.5.1.1-50
The enzymic synthesis of chorismic and prephenic acids from 3-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 5-phosphate. J. Biol. Chem. 242 (1967) ... lupinic acid. zeatin. O-acetyl-L-serine = (2S)-3-acetyloxy-2-aminopropanoic acid. Other name(s): β-(9-cytokinin)-alanine ... 2) 2 ATP + 2 cob(II)yrinic acid a,c-diamide + a reduced flavoprotein = 2 triphosphate + 2 adenosylcob(III)yrinic acid a,c- ... 2c) 2 ATP + 2 [corrinoid adenosyltransferase]-cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide = 2 triphosphate + 2 adenosylcob(III)yrinic acid a, ...
https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbcs/iubmb/enzyme/EC2/05.html
PowToon - Biology 1 Chapter 16- Gene ExpressionPowToon - Biology 1 Chapter 16- Gene Expression
... coli controls the biosynthesis of tryptophan in the cell from the initial precursor chorismic acid. This operon contains genes ... When the amino acid is not there, the repressor moves away from the operator and RNA synthesis continues.(Lumen, 2007) ... The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid ... molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. ... Transcription will occur at a lower rate.When an amino acid ...
https://www.powtoon.com/online-presentation/dPnlUJTVjaZ/?mode=movie
The Biosynthesis of Salicylic Acid in Potato Plants | Plant PhysiologyThe Biosynthesis of Salicylic Acid in Potato Plants | Plant Physiology
... directly from chorismic acid or via anthranilic acid (data not shown). However, when CA or BA was added back to leaves treated ... arachidonic acid. AIP. 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid. BA. benzoic acid. CA. cinnamic acid. PAL. Phe ammonia-lyase. SA. ... 1995) Arachidonic acid induces local but not systemic synthesis of salicylic acid and confers systemic resistance in potato ... 1962) Conversion in plants of benzoic acid to salicylic acid and its β-d-glucoside. Nature 196:491. ...
http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/117/3/1095.full
Attenuation and Persistence of and Ability To Induce Protective Immunity to a Staphylococcus aureus aroA Mutant in Mice |...Attenuation and Persistence of and Ability To Induce Protective Immunity to a Staphylococcus aureus aroA Mutant in Mice |...
... for the observed auxotrophic phenotype is one of those required for the synthesis of shikimic acid and chorismic acid (2). By ... Requirement of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor of folic acid that is not synthesized by mammals, has been singled out ... The aro mutants are auxotrophs for aromatic amino acids, PABA (a precursor of folic acid), and DHB (a precursor for ubiquinone ... which codes for the 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase of the chorismic acid biosynthesis pathway (39). The ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/74/6/3498
Strain- and Substrate-Dependent Redox Mediator and Electricity Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Applied and Environmental...Strain- and Substrate-Dependent Redox Mediator and Electricity Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Applied and Environmental...
Phenazines are synthesized from chorismic acid (19, 20) via the intermediate phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), which is ... It is widely accepted that P. aeruginosa prefers organic acids and amino acids to glucose in a sequential hierarchy (45, 46). ... Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid promotes bacterial biofilm development via ferrous iron acquisition. J Bacteriol 193:3606-3617. doi ... For analysis of carbon source consumption and secreted metabolites, sample supernatants were separated on an organic acid resin ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/82/16/5026
Inhibition of Shikimate Kinase and Type II Dehydroquinase for Antibiotic Discovery: Structure-Based Design and Simulation...Inhibition of Shikimate Kinase and Type II Dehydroquinase for Antibiotic Discovery: Structure-Based Design and Simulation...
... also known as the shikimic acid pathway, in which chorismic acid is synthesized. The latter compound is the synthetic precursor ... also known as the shikimic acid pathway, in which chorismic acid is synthesized. The latter compound is the synthetic precursor ... effort has been focused on the discovery of new inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids ... effort has been focused on the discovery of new inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids ...
http://www.eurekaselect.com/134331/article
Molecular Characterization of the Aeromonas hydrophila aroA Gene and Potential Use of an AuxotrophicaroA Mutant as a Live...Molecular Characterization of the Aeromonas hydrophila aroA Gene and Potential Use of an AuxotrophicaroA Mutant as a Live...
The aroA mutant strains fail to grow in tissue because they are unable to synthesize chorismic acid, from whichp-aminobenzoic ... acid, aromatic amino acids, and folate are produced. p-Aminobenzoic acid is required for folate biosynthesis, and exogenous ... The deduced amino acid sequence (350 amino acids) was 80% homologous to the phenylalanine-repressible phospho-2-dehydro-3- ... DNA bases (top line) and amino acids (one-letter code) (below) are listed and numbered to the right of the sequences. The ATG ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/66/5/1813
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Tuberculosis, Drug-ResistantTuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Tuberculosis, Drug-Resistant
Chorismic Acid. 1. + +. 184. Interleukin-2. 1. + +. 185. Phenothiazines. 1. + +. 186. Bacterial Proton-Translocating ATPases. 1 ...
https://lookfordiagnosis.com/results.php?symptoms=Tuberculosis%2C+Multidrug-Resistant%3B%20Tuberculosis%2C%20Drug-Resistant&lang=1&parent=%2F&mode=F&therapy_ap=1
Comparative analysis of non-coding RNAs in the antibiotic-producing Streptomyces bacteria | BMC Genomics | Full TextComparative analysis of non-coding RNAs in the antibiotic-producing Streptomyces bacteria | BMC Genomics | Full Text
CmlE and CmlD are required for chorismic acid synthesis, where chorismic acid is a precursor for both aromatic amino acid and ... Zuker M: Mfold web server for nucleic acid folding and hybridization prediction. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31: 3406-3415. ... Nucleic Acids Res. 2010, 38 (Web Server issue): W695-W699.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar. ... Nucleic Acids Res. 2008, 36 (Web Server issue): W79-W84.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar. ...
https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-14-558
US20170211104A1 - Biosynthetic production of acetaminophen, p-aminophenol, and p-aminobenzoic acid - Google PatentsUS20170211104A1 - Biosynthetic production of acetaminophen, p-aminophenol, and p-aminobenzoic acid - Google Patents
... and p-aminobenzoic acid and the purification of biologically derived acetaminophen. ... i. chorismic acid to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) (pathway step a);. *ii. p-aminobenzoic acid to p-aminophenol (pathway step b); ... The strains encode enzymes that convert the native yeast metabolite chorismic acid to p-aminobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid ... chorismic acid to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) (pathway step a); ii. p-aminobenzoic acid to p-aminophenol (pathway step b); and ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20170211104A1/en
Masqueliers grape seed extract: from basic flavonoid research to a well-characterized food supplement with health benefits |...Masquelier's grape seed extract: from basic flavonoid research to a well-characterized food supplement with health benefits |...
Dehydration and reduction of the latter give shikimic acid which is eventually converted to chorismic acid. Chorismic acid ... From both amino acids 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid) is generated. Upon esterification with coenzyme A 4- ... By means of the reference polyphenol gallic acid total polyphenolics are quantified as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per kg or ... In the presence of sulfuric acid vanillin reacts with condensed flavan-3-ols (oligomers and polymers) to a red colored complex ...
https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12937-016-0218-1
PathwayPrecursorSalicylicAnthranilic acidPhenazine-1-carboxylic acidTryptophanCarboxylic acidSynthesisQuinic acidBenzoic AcidAromatic aminProteinsEnzymesGenesPhenylalanineDerivativesTyrosineMicroorganismsPrecursorsOperonMetabolismRecombinantPyocyaninPABAFusidic AcidProteinBiosyntheticMethylPhenolSynthesizeBacteriaIsochorismicCompoundRedoxCompoundsPolymersFolateAnhydrideAmino group
Pathway15
  • Intermediate in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids via the shikimate pathway. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • [4] Biosynthesis can be impaired by disrupting the aro pathway which is responsible for the synthesis of chorismic acid from shikimate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early studies in tobacco pointed to a role for the phenylpropanoid pathway, with benzoic acid as the immediate metabolic precursor to SA [ 9 ]. (portlandpress.com)
  • AtICS1:EC 5.4.4.2, also known as isochorismate hydroxymutase) as the enzyme encoded by the wild-type SID2 allele showed that, in this plant, SA is synthesised from chorismic acid, derived from the shikimic acid pathway, and that SA biosynthesis occurs in the plastid [ 5 , 10 - 12 ]. (portlandpress.com)
  • Among these, salicylic acid (SA) signaling is an important pathway because of its ability to trigger plant cell death. (frontiersin.org)
  • Radiolabeling studies with untreated leaves showed that SA was synthesized from phenylalanine and that both cinnamic and benzoic acid were intermediates in the biosynthesis pathway. (plantphysiol.org)
  • Several virulent strains have been attenuated by inactivation of genes in the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway. (asm.org)
  • In the past few years a great deal of effort has been focused on the discovery of new inhibitors of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids, also known as the shikimic acid pathway, in which chorismic acid is synthesized. (eurekaselect.com)
  • The carbon flux through tricarboxylic acid cycle significantly reduced, while responses of the pentose phosphate pathway and the glycolysis to high SA production were rather weak, in the strain BSSA/pSA AroA /pDGSA AroD . (biomedcentral.com)
  • This pathway (unique to plants) leads to the formation of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine and to the formation of many other phenyl-C3 compounds. (slideplayer.com)
  • 3 GLUCOSE ORIGINS OF THE SHIKIMIC ACID PATHWAY PEP Acetyl-CoA pentose phosphate pathway glycolysis Erythrose-4-phosphate PEP Phosphoenol pyruvate The pentose phosphate pathway is one that converts glucose into sugars of different sizes (different numbers of C) by acyl interchanges. (slideplayer.com)
  • 10 PHENYLALANINE AND TYROSINE COME FROM A COMMON SOURCE AND ARE NOT CONVERTED PREPHENIC ACID phenylpyruvic acid 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid X tyrosine phenylalanine Although most plants could convert phenylalanine to tyrosine using hydroxylases, this conversion is a minor pathway. (slideplayer.com)
  • In particular, the present invention is directed to processes for producing shikimic acid that comprise contacting glyphosate and an organism that has the common aromatic biosynthetic pathway. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • The discovery of abyssomicin class of natural products has been the outcome of the search for secondary metabolites possessing inhibitory effect on p-aminobenzoic (pABA) acid biosynthesis, a biosynthetic pathway found in many microorganisms but not in humans. (ac.rs)
  • ultracentrifugation in sucrose density gradients was employed to estimate the molecular weights and to determine possible physical aggregation of the five enzymes catalyzing steps two to six in the prechorismic acid portion of the polyaromatic synthetic pathway in six species of bacteria: escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, aerobacter aerogenes, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and streptomyces coelicolor. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Precursor6
  • It is a precursor for: The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine Indole, indole derivatives and tryptophan 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) used for enterobactin biosynthesis The plant hormone salicylic acid Many alkaloids and other aromatic metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
  • [5] Chorismic acid is the precursor of pyocyanin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In organisms capable of tryptophan synthesis, anthranilate is a precursor to the amino acid tryptophan via the attachment of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to the amine group. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lumen, 2007) Tryptophan (trp) operon 'The trp operon of E. coli controls the biosynthesis of tryptophan in the cell from the initial precursor chorismic acid. (powtoon.com)
  • Requirement of p -aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor of folic acid that is not synthesized by mammals, has been singled out as the likely reason for reduced virulence of these bacterial strains ( 25 ). (asm.org)
  • A cyclohexadiene carboxylic acid derived from SHIKIMIC ACID and a precursor for the biosynthesis of UBIQUINONE and the AROMATIC AMINO ACIDS. (bvsalud.org)
Salicylic5
  • Fenamic acid is a derivative of anthranilic acid, which in turn is a nitrogen isostere of salicylic acid, which is the active metabolite of aspirin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methyl anthranilate and methyl salicylate are carboxyl methyl esters of anthranilic acid, an intermediate of Trp biosynthesis, and the plant hormone salicylic acid, respectively. (plantphysiol.org)
  • In all these species, methyl salicylate is synthesized by the action of S -adenosyl- l -methionine:salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (SAMT). (plantphysiol.org)
  • Spraying potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves with arachidonic acid (AA) at 1500 μg mL −1 led to a rapid local synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) and accumulation of a SA conjugate, which was shown to be 2- O -β-glucopyranosylsalicylic acid. (plantphysiol.org)
  • After 1 h, the reaction was terminated using 0.1 mL 5 M HCl, the mixture was extracted and salicylic acid was estimated as described above. (pka-inhibitor.com)
Anthranilic acid18
  • Anthranilic acid is an aromatic acid with the formula C6H4(NH2)(CO2H) and has a sweetish taste. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthranilic acid is a white solid when pure, although commercial samples may appear yellow. (wikipedia.org)
  • The anion [C6H4(NH2)(CO2)]−, obtained by the deprotonation of anthranilic acid, is called anthranilate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthranilic acid was once thought to be a vitamin and was referred to as vitamin L1 in that context, but it is now known to be non-essential in human nutrition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Solid anthranilic acid consists of both the amino-carboxylic acid and the zwitterionic ammonium carboxylate forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many routes to anthranilic acid have been described. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the era when indigo dye was obtained from plants, it was degraded to give anthranilic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthranilic acid was first obtained by base-induced degradation of indigo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthranilic acid is biosynthesized from chorismic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Industrially, anthranilic acid is an intermediate in the production of azo dyes and saccharin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chlorination of anthranilic acid gives the 2,4-dichloro derivative, which can undergo reductive coupling to form a biaryl compound. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anthranilic Acid (Vitamin L)]". Florida State University. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vitro biochemical characterization after bacterial expression revealed three S -adenosyl- l -methionine-dependent methyltransferases with high specificity for anthranilic acid as a substrate. (plantphysiol.org)
  • Of these three proteins, Anthranilic Acid Methyltransferase1 (AAMT1) appears to be responsible for most of the S -adenosyl- l -methionine-dependent methyltransferase activity and methyl anthranilate formation observed in maize after herbivore damage. (plantphysiol.org)
  • Homology-based structural modeling combined with site-directed mutagenesis identified two amino acid residues, designated tyrosine-246 and glutamine-167 in AAMT1, which are responsible for the high specificity of AAMTs toward anthranilic acid. (plantphysiol.org)
  • In maize, this gene family has diversified especially toward benzenoid carboxyl methyltransferases that accept anthranilic acid and benzoic acid. (plantphysiol.org)
  • anthranilic acid See chorismic acid. (carlosbezerrajr.com.br)
  • Mechanism a in the top left structure leads to anthranilic acid and tryptophan, while mechanism b leads to p-aminobenzoic acid. (phrygane.tk)
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid4
  • P. aeruginosa usually secreted four phenazines, pyocyanin (PYO), phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-HP) and phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • These natural pigments comprise blue for pyocyanin (PYO), yellow for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) and orange for 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-HP). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (Phenazine-1-carboxylate, PCA), which is produced from chorismic acid. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • Phenazines are synthesized from chorismic acid ( 19 , 20 ) via the intermediate phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), which is further converted into pyocyanin (PYO), 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-HP), and phenazine-carboxyamide (PCN) ( 21 ). (asm.org)
Tryptophan3
  • One such nutritional limitation is the availability of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) as animals lack the enzymes to synthesize tryptophan (Trp) and phenylalanine and only produce tyrosine from dietary phenylalanine. (frontiersin.org)
  • The route from chorismic acid to tryptophan is found in plants and micro-organisms only. (phrygane.tk)
  • Tryptophan is one of the 20 amino acids out of which all proteins are made. (web.app)
Carboxylic acid3
  • The molecule consists of a benzene ring, ortho-substituted with a carboxylic acid and an amine. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found significant differences in substrate-dependent phenazine production and resulting anodic current generation for the three strains, with the BES isolate KRP1 being overall the best current producer and showing the highest electrochemical activity with glucose as a substrate (19 μA cm −2 with ∼150 μg ml −1 phenazine carboxylic acid as a redox mediator). (asm.org)
  • R Amino group H2N Cα carboxylic acid group COOH α- carbon H FIG. 1. (manualzz.com)
Synthesis6
  • This cation can be used to generate benzyne, dimerized to give diphenic acid, or undergo diazonium coupling reactions such as in the synthesis of methyl red. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nieβner N, Mühlebach A, Lyerla JR (1993) Synthesis of isotopically labelled monomers and polymers of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. (springer.com)
  • When the amino acid is not there, the repressor moves away from the operator and RNA synthesis continues. (powtoon.com)
  • Translation 'is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. (powtoon.com)
  • Shikimic acid (SA) is a key chiral starting molecule for the synthesis of the neuramidase inhibitor GS4104 against viral influenza. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Shikimic acid (SA) is utilized in the synthesis of oseltamivir-phosphate, an anti-influenza drug. (biomedcentral.com)
Quinic acid5
  • The present invention generally relates to processes for producing and recovering cyclitolcarboxylic acids such as shikimic acid and quinic acid. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • Quinic Acid" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Quinic Acid" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Quinic Acid" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Quinic Acid" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
  • Development of quinic acid-conjugated nanoparticles as a drug carrier to solid tumors. (harvard.edu)
Benzoic Acid1
  • Similar results were obtained when leaves were fed with the labeled putative intermediates cinnamic acid and benzoic acid. (plantphysiol.org)
Aromatic amin2
  • The name chorismic acid derives from a classical Greek word χωρίζω meaning "to separate", because the compound plays a role as a branch-point in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Engineering of Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Zeynep Vuralhan Engineering of Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. ir. (manualzz.com)
Proteins12
  • The nucleotide sequence of the A. hydrophila aroA gene encoded a protein of 440 amino acids which showed a high degree of homology to other bacterial AroA proteins. (asm.org)
  • Amino acids are a part of the building blocks that make up proteins. (lecturio.com)
  • Since amino acids, as suggested by their name, include a nitrogenous amino group in their base frame (NH2, NH, N), proteins are an important nitrogen donor . (lecturio.com)
  • New proteins can be built with the amino acids supplied by proteins and those that are present in the organism. (lecturio.com)
  • Proteins are so elementary that their construction manual is codified in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of our genetic makeup. (lecturio.com)
  • At least 1,000 different proteins exist, but for the human organism, mainly proteinogenic amino acids are of importance. (lecturio.com)
  • Proteinogenic amino acids, comprising 20-21 amino acids, form the basic modules of proteins. (lecturio.com)
  • Similar to the alphabet, where different combinations of letters form new words, those 21 amino acids can form many different proteins, which perform many different tasks. (lecturio.com)
  • Amino acids find their way into the organism packed as proteins in, e.g., soy, milk or meat. (lecturio.com)
  • 107 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.0 Amino acids as building blocks for biomass constituents Amino acids are α-substituted carboxylic acids, the building blocks of proteins. (manualzz.com)
  • In addition to the amino acids synthesized by posttranslational modifications in proteins, there are some other amino acids such as ornithine and citrulline, which are the intermediates in the biosynthesis of arginine and the urea cycle (66). (manualzz.com)
  • More specifically, its five genes trpedcba encode five subunits of proteins that in total catalyze five enzymatic steps, converting chorismic. (web.app)
Enzymes4
  • Chorismate is transformed into para-aminobenzoic acid by the enzymes 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In these enzymes, the flavin plays either a direct role in acid/base reactions or as a nucleophile or electrophile. (mdpi.com)
  • I have published on such topics as pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6) enzymes, chorismic acid metabolizing enzymes and bio-sensors and bio-fuel cells. (roundtablegroup.com)
  • Abyssomicin C was the first natural product to act as an inhibitor of the enzymes involved in pABA and folic acid biosynthesis. (ac.rs)
Genes1
  • Using available experimental data as a training set, we developed a program for prediction of attenuators named lllm 7, 38 and applied it to the analysis of upstream regions of orthologous amino acid biosynthetic genes. (web.app)
Phenylalanine1
  • Application of 2-aminoindan-2-phosphonic acid at 40 μ m , an inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, prior to treatment with AA inhibited the local accumulation of SA. (plantphysiol.org)
Derivatives1
  • Chorismic acid is a metabolite generally used in the study of chorismate-prephenate rearrangement and to synthesize chorismate derivatives. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Tyrosine1
  • They can also be formed from phenylpyruvic acid as in the formation of tyrosine. (phrygane.tk)
Microorganisms1
  • Chorismic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form chorismate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
Precursors2
  • a, model UPEC strain UTI89 produces three siderophores derived from chorismic acid precursors. (nih.gov)
  • Schmid HV, Zenk MH (1971) p -hydroxybenzoic acid and mevalonic acid as precursors of the plant naphthoquinone alkannin. (springer.com)
Operon1
  • The mrna from the trp operon has a half life of only about 3 min, allowing the cell to respond rapidly to changing needs for this amino acid. (web.app)
Metabolism6
  • Haslam E (1993) Shikimic acid-metabolism and metabolites. (springer.com)
  • Central carbon metabolism and shikimic acid pathways in E. coli PB12 strain lacking the PTS . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, the constant breakdown accompanied by the rebuilding processes of the body requires an ingenious recycling system: the amino acid metabolism. (lecturio.com)
  • The 3 most important reactions in the amino acid metabolism are the transamination , deamination, and decarboxylation . (lecturio.com)
  • Depending on the current state of metabolism, the existing amino acids are either regrouped or broken down entirely. (lecturio.com)
  • One of the central reactions of the amino acid metabolism is transamination. (lecturio.com)
Recombinant2
  • When transformed with a recombinant vector carrying the ubiC gene (encoding chorismate pyruvate-lyase, EC 4.1.3.27) the triple mutant (Phe − , Trp − , Tyr − ) Klebsiella pneumoniae 62-1 excretes 4-hydroxybenzoic acid instead of chorismic acid. (springer.com)
  • The recombinant strain can be used to produce in high yield specifically ring-labelled 4-hydroxybenzoic acid from isotopically labelled glucose. (springer.com)
Pyocyanin1
  • Mitochondrial electron carrier's ubiquinone and nicotinic acid are also susceptible to pyocyanin. (wikipedia.org)
PABA1
  • The present disclosure relates compositions and methods for the biosynthetic production of medicinal supplements such as acetaminophen and intermediates including p-aminophenol, poly(p-aminophenol), and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). (google.com)
Fusidic Acid2
Protein3
  • Also, the regular breakdown of physiological structures (e.g., muscle protein) constantly supplies free amino acids so that a permanent pool of free amino acids is always present. (lecturio.com)
  • the amino acid composition of its protein moiety resembles that of 'structural protein' from other sources. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • Apart from 20 common amino acids, there are also amino acids that are modified after the protein is synthesized. (manualzz.com)
Biosynthetic2
  • The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for the biosynthetic production of acetaminophen, p-aminophenol, and p-aminobenzoic acid and the purification of biologically derived acetaminophen. (google.com)
  • Attenuation regulation of amino acid biosynthetic operons in. (web.app)
Methyl1
  • It contains unusual amino acids including one lanthionine, four β- methyl lanthionine, one dehydrobutyrine (Dhb) and two dehydroalanine (Dha) residues. (hizb-ut-tahrir.info)
Phenol1
  • Examples include the original Boots method which involves nitration of phenol with sulfuric acid and sodium nitrate giving a mixture of two isomers, from which the desired 4-nitrophenol is separated by steam distillation. (google.com)
Synthesize1
  • The aroA mutant strains fail to grow in tissue because they are unable to synthesize chorismic acid, from which p -aminobenzoic acid, aromatic amino acids, and folate are produced. (asm.org)
Bacteria2
  • It inhibits the spoilage lactic acid bacteria and other bacteria including pathogenic bacteria in cooked meat products. (hizb-ut-tahrir.info)
  • Antimicrobial and efflux pump inhibitory activity of caffeoylquinic acids from Artemisia absinthium against gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. (harvard.edu)
Isochorismic2
  • Schmidt K, Leistner E (1995) Microbial production of (+)- trans -isochorismic acid. (springer.com)
  • At the end of the reaction, the BGB324 pH of each mixture was carefully adjusted to 2 using 6 M HCl and extracted twice with ethyl acetate (2 × 5 mL) to remove any isochorismic acid that had been formed. (pka-inhibitor.com)
Compound1
  • Further elaboration of the cycloadduct produced the abyssomicin C. Related but different strategy employed the Lewis acid-templated intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction to assemble a highly substituted cyclohexane product (above scheme, path B). The cyclohexane ring formation via the cycloaddition reaction was followed by introduction of the tetronic moiety to form the spiro compound. (ac.rs)
Redox1
  • These galactolipid synthases are regulated by light, plant hormones, redox state, phosphatidic acid levels, and various stress conditions such as drought and nutrient limitation. (sykinhibitors.com)
Compounds4
  • Figure 8.5 Aromatic compounds from chorismic acid. (phrygane.tk)
  • Indole and skatole are used in various insects as pheromones Figure 8.5 Aromatic compounds from chorismic acid. (phrygane.tk)
  • Organometallics are also used in the production of simpler organic compounds, as in the industrial production of acetic acid using metal carbonyl catalysts , and in producing polymers such as polyethylene and poly propylene. (americanelements.com)
  • On the other hand, Dforms of amino acids are also natural compounds. (manualzz.com)
Polymers1
  • Amino acids form polymers with peptide bonds . (lecturio.com)
Folate1
  • p -Aminobenzoic acid is required for folate biosynthesis, and exogenous folate cannot be taken up. (asm.org)
Anhydride1
  • Industrially it is produced from phthalic anhydride, beginning with amination: C6H4(CO)2O + NH3 + NaOH → C6H4(C(O)NH2)CO2Na + H2O The resulting sodium salt of phthalamic acid is decarbonylated via a Hofmann rearrangement of the amide group, induced by hypochlorite: C6H4(C(O)NH2)CO2Na + HOCl → C6H4NH2CO2H + NaCl + CO2 A related method involves treating phthalimide with sodium hypobromite in aqueous sodium hydroxide, followed by neutralization. (wikipedia.org)
Amino group1
  • All 20 common amino acids have a carboxyl group and an amino group, which are attached to the same carbon atom. (manualzz.com)

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