Chordae Tendineae
Heart Rupture
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Tricuspid Valve
Papillary Muscles
Rupture, Spontaneous
Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation
Chordal force distribution determines systolic mitral leaflet configuration and severity of functional mitral regurgitation. (1/118)
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the chordae tendineae force distribution on systolic mitral leaflet geometry and mitral valve competence in vitro. BACKGROUND: Functional mitral regurgitation is caused by changes in several elements of the valve apparatus. Interaction among these have to comply with the chordal force distribution defined by the chordal coapting forces (F(c)) created by the transmitral pressure difference, which close the leaflets and the chordal tethering forces (FT) pulling the leaflets apart. METHODS: Porcine mitral valves (n = 5) were mounted in a left ventricular model where leading edge chordal forces measured by dedicated miniature force transducers were controlled by changing left ventricular pressure and papillary muscle position. Chordae geometry and occlusional leaflet area (OLA) needed to cover the leaflet orifice for a given leaflet configuration were determined by two-dimensional echo and reconstructed three-dimensionally. Occlusional leaflet area was used as expression for incomplete leaflet coaptation. Regurgitant fraction (RF) was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. RESULTS: Mixed procedure statistics revealed a linear correlation between the sum of the chordal net forces, sigma[Fc - FT]S, and OLA with regression coefficient (minimum - maximum) beta = -115 to -65 [mm2/N]; p < 0.001 and RF (beta = -0.06 to -0.01 [%/N]; p < 0.001). Increasing FT by papillary muscle malalignment restricted leaflet mobility, resulting in a tented leaflet configuration due to an apical and posterior shift of the coaptation line. Anterior leaflet coapting forces increased due to mitral leaflet remodeling, which generated a nonuniform regurgitant orifice area. CONCLUSIONS: Altered chordal force distribution caused functional mitral regurgitation based on tented leaflet configuration as observed clinically. (+info)Ten-year experience of chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene in mitral valve repair. (2/118)
BACKGROUND: Mitral valve repair is the procedure of choice to correct mitral regurgitation (MR). Although chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) has been widely accepted to repair anterior mitral prolapse and other difficult situations, the long-term results of the repair and the fate of ePTFE have not been delineated. METHODS AND RESULTS: From July 1988 to April 1999, 74 patients (49 males, 25 females) aged 17 to 77 years (mean age 55. 3+/-14.8 years) underwent mitral valve repair with chordal replacement with ePTFE. The follow-up period was from 6 months to 11. 3 years (mean 4.6+/-3.2 years). The causes of MR were degenerative in 65 patients (88%) and infective in 9 (12%). Three patients had active infective endocarditis. Valve lesions were anterior in 35 patients, posterior in 10, and both anterior and posterior in 29. Various procedures for plasty of leaflets were necessary in 37 patients (50%). Atrial fibrillation was associated in 38 patients (51%), and the maze procedure has been performed in a selected group of 30 patients (41%) since July 1992. There was 1 in-hospital death (1.4%) and 3 late cardiac deaths (4.1%). More than moderate MR developed in 12 patients (17%) during the follow-up period. Three of these patients required early reoperation within 1 year due to hemolysis. Two patients underwent mitral valve replacement at 6 and 8 years after repair, respectively. The actuarial reoperation-free rates at 5 and 10 years were 94.3+/-2.8% and 81.7+/-9.1%, respectively. Sinus rhythm was restored in 21 patients (70%) with the maze procedure. There was only 1 thromboembolic episode (0. 3%/patient-y) in a patient with atrial fibrillation who did not undergo the maze procedure. Event-free survival rates as assessed by the freedom from cardiac death, thromboembolism, reoperation, and anticoagulation-related hemorrhage at 5 and 10 years were 91.3+/-3. 4% and 71.6+/-9.7%, respectively. There was no relationship between recurrent MR and the change of ePTFE. Structural analysis of the ePTFE resected during reoperation revealed no calcification and showed remaining flexibility and pliability. Protein infiltration was observed in the ePTFE, and collagenous proliferation was recognized at the site of fixation to the valve leaflet and the papillary muscle. The surface of the ePTFE was completely endothelialized, which may induce antithrombogenicity. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term durability and biological adaptation of ePTFE as artificial chordae for mitral valve repair of MR were proved for >10 years. (+info)Mitral valve repair in a predominantly rheumatic population. Long-term results. (3/118)
Valve repair in rheumatic patients poses special problems due to valve deformity and mixed lesions. We present our experience from January 1988 through June 1999, in this retrospective study of 818 patients (377 males). The mean age was 22.8 +/- 11.3 years (range, 2 to 70 years). The cause of mitral regurgitation was rheumatic in 718 (88%) patients, congenital in 51, myxomatous in 34, infective in 7, and ischemic in 8. Most patients (64%) were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV. Congestive heart failure was present in 116 patients (14%). Reparative procedures included posterior collar annuloplasty (n=710), commissurotomy (n=482), cusp-level chordal shortening (n=237), cusp thinning (n=222), cleft suture (n= 166), and cusp excision/plication (n=42). Operative mortality was 4% (32 patients). Preoperative left ventricular dysfunction, presence of congestive heart failure, and advanced functional class were associated with greater mortality. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 144 months (mean, 44.9 +/- 33.2 months) and was 96% complete. Most survivors (70%) had no or trivial mitral regurgitation. Forty patients required reoperation for valve dysfunction. There were 23 (2.8%) late deaths. Actuarial, reoperation-free, and event-free survival at 11 years were 92.6% +/- 1.0%, 65.0% +/- 10%, and 38% +/- 6.0%, respectively Among the survivors, 85% were in New York Heart Association functional class I. We conclude that mitral valve repair in rheumatic patients, using current techniques, can effectively correct hemodynamic and functional abnormalities with satisfactory results. (+info)Anterior chordal transection impairs not only regional left ventricular function but also regional right ventricular function in mitral regurgitation. (4/118)
BACKGROUND: Preservation of annuloventricular continuity through the chordae tendinae aims to maintain left ventricular (LV) function and thus improve postoperative prognosis. This study was designed to prospectively investigate the effect of anterior chordal transection on global and regional LV and right ventricular (RV) function in mitral regurgitation (MR). METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-five patients with severe MR underwent radionuclide angiography before and after either mitral valve (MV) repair (42 patients) or replacement with anterior chordal transection (23 patients). LV and RV ejection fractions (EF) were determined at rest. Both ventricles were divided into 9 regions to analyze regional EF and the effect of anteromedial translation related to surgery. After surgery there was a significant decrease in LVEF (P=0.038) and an increase in RVEF (P=0.036). However, LVEF did not change after MV repair (63.8+/-9.9% to 62.6+/-10.3%), whereas RVEF improved (40.7+/-10.1% to 44.5+/-8.1%, P=0.027). In contrast, LVEF decreased after MV replacement (61.7+/-10.1% to 57.2+/-9.9%, P=0.03), and RVEF was unchanged (40.9+/-10.9% to 41.3+/-9.1%). LVEF 4 and 5, in the area of anterior papillary muscle insertion, were impaired after MV replacement compared with MV repair (region 4, 77.6+/-16.7% versus 87.7+/-10.8%, P=0.005, and region 5, 73.9+/-19.3% versus 89.9+/-13.1%, P<0.001). Moreover, anterior chordal transection led to a significant impairment in the apicoseptal region of the RV (RVEF 4, 50.3+/-15.6% versus 59.3+/-13.8%, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Anterior chordal transection during MV replacement for MR impairs not only regional LV function but also regional RV function. (+info)Chordal cutting: a new therapeutic approach for ischemic mitral regurgitation. (5/118)
BACKGROUND: Mitral regurgitation (MR) conveys adverse prognosis in ischemic heart disease. Because such MR is related to increased leaflet tethering by displaced attachments to the papillary muscles (PMs), it is incompletely treated by annular reduction. We therefore addressed the hypothesis that such MR can be reduced by cutting a limited number of critically positioned chordae to the leaflet base that most restrict closure but are not required to prevent prolapse. This was tested in 8 mitral valves: a porcine in vitro pilot with PM displacement and 7 sheep with acute inferobasal infarcts studied in vivo with three-dimensional (3D) echo to quantify MR in relation to 3D valve geometry. METHODS AND RESULTS: In all 8 valves, PM displacement restricted leaflet closure, with anterior leaflet angulation at the basal chord insertion, and mild-to-moderate MR. Cutting the 2 central basal chordae reversed this without prolapse. In vivo, MR increased from 0.8+/-0.2 to 7.1+/-0.5 mL/beat after infarction and then decreased to 0.9+/-0.1 mL/beat with chordal cutting (P<0.0001); this paralleled changes in the 3D leaflet area required to cover the orifice as dictated by chordal tethering (r(2)=0.76). CONCLUSIONS: Cutting a minimum number of basal chordae can improve coaptation and reduce ischemic MR. Such an approach also suggests the potential for future minimally invasive implementation. (+info)Transaortic double valve replacement with total chordal preservation. (6/118)
Very few cases of transaortic double valve replacement have been reported in the literature. A 26-year-old man presented to us with severe aortic regurgitation, mitral valve thickening, and mild mitral regurgitation 6 years after he had undergone a Ross procedure and open mitral commissurotomy. At his 2nd operation, he underwent transaortic double valve replacement with total chordal preservation of the mitral apparatus. Due to recurrent rheumatic activity, this patient had experienced a recurrence of valvulopathy Because we have observed this in other young patients with rheumatic heart disease, we no longer perform the Ross procedure in such patients, especially if there is associated mitral valve disease. In selected patients with dilated aortic annulus, the transaortic approach provides excellent access for safe mitral valve replacement with total chordal preservation. The surgical technique and a brief review of the literature are presented. (+info)Papillary fibroelastoma of the tricuspid valve chordae with a review of the literature. (7/118)
Endothelial papillary fibroelastomas represent a rare entity in cardiac pathology that at times may be associated with embolisation, angina, and sudden death. We report on a case of a 46-year-old woman with a papillary fibroelastoma originating on the chordae of the tricuspid valve. The tumour was discovered incidentally using transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography. The patient had an uneventful recovery and remained free of symptoms after six months. (+info)Anterior mitral leaflet mobility is limited by the basal stay chords. (8/118)
BACKGROUND: We hypothesize that 2 tendon-like anterior basal stay chords, which remain taut during the entire cardiac cycle, limit the motion of the anterior mitral leaflet. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sonomicrometric crystals were implanted in 6 sheep at the insertion of stay chords at anterior mitral leaflet (S1 and S2), papillary muscle tips, fibrous trigones, mitral annulus, and the tip of the anterior leaflet (AL). Distances between crystals were recorded before and after section of stay chords. During the cardiac cycle, the angle alpha between mitral annulus and AL changed by +54.2+/-12.4 degrees; the angles between mitral annulus and S1 (beta1) changed by +25.7+/-14.6 degrees, and between mitral annulus and S2 (beta2) by +20.4+/-7.8 degrees. During diastole, AL twice crossed the virtual plane formed by the stay chords: during E-wave by a maximum of 6.5 mm (mean, 2.5+/-2.2 mm) and during A-wave by a maximum of 3.2 mm (mean, 1.7+/-0.9 mm). After section of both stay chords, total anterior mitral leaflet motion increased as follows: AL, +6.9+/-3.4 degrees; S1, +13.1+/-4.4 degrees; and S2, +30.9+/-11.7 degrees (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the lateral movement of anterior mitral leaflet is limited by stay chords, the midportion moves unimpaired toward the septum, like a sail, between the 2 stay chords during diastole. A diastolic left ventricular-inflow and systolic left ventricular-outflow funnel mechanism is created. Stay chord section increased lateral anterior mitral leaflet movement. (+info)
Chordae tendineae - Location, Function and Pictures
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Mitral Regurgitation: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Mitral regurgitation (MR) can be caused by organic disease (eg, rheumatic fever, ruptured chordae tendineae, myxomatous ... Causes of acute mitral regurgitation (MR) include coronary artery disease, infectious endocarditis, chordae tendineae rupture ( ... the chordae tendineae, and the papillary muscles (anteromedial and posterolateral). The most common etiologies of MR include ... it does not cause chordae tendineae dysfunction or rupture as they are not vascularized. The posteromedial papillary muscle is ...
Pediatric Mitral Valve Prolapse: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Degeneration of collagen within the central core of the chordae tendineae may lead to chordal rupture. Mitral valve prolapse ... 11] Other possible complications include congestive cardiac failure, rupture of chordae tendineae, infective endocarditis (in ... chordae tendineae, papillary muscle, and/or valve annulus. The syndrome may occur in isolation or in association with ... rupture of chordae tendineae due to infective endocarditis, or abnormal left ventricular wall motion in the setting of ...
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Chordae Tendineae. The Pneumatic Transit Jazz Rock/Fusion. Review by TCat Special Collaborator Honorary Collaborator / Retired ... Chordae Tendineae. The Pneumatic Transit Jazz Rock/Fusion. Review by BrufordFreak Collaborator Honorary Collaborator ... They have only released 2 full length albums including "Chordae Tendineae" released in June of 2019. The line up for this album ...
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... chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. The chordae length measurement error between the compounded ultrasound and ground- ... including chordae tendineae, making it necessary to acquire alternative echo views to visualize these structures. Due to the ... chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. The chordae length measurement error between the compounded ultrasound and ground- ... including chordae tendineae, making it necessary to acquire alternative echo views to visualize these structures. Due to the ...
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The tricuspid leaflets are connected through chordae tendineae with two papillary muscles: the anterior papillary muscle ... chordae tendineae and papillary muscles, RV and atrium) is essential to establish and fine-tune the diagnosis of TR. ... whereas the posterior provides chordae to the septal and posterior leaflets. Additionally, chordae may arise directly from the ... Excessive motion of one of the leaflets may point to a traumatic chorda rupture but in case of redundant tissue may also ...
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After mitral valve replacement with preservation of all chordae tendineae, baseline LV function was assessed during transient ... Adjacent chordae tendinae were incorporated into the healing tissue growth around the device as early as 4 weeks, in 33% of ... All chordae were then divided by pulling the snares. Immediate reassessment revealed deterioration of global LV function: Ees ... While effective systemic arterial elastance, Ea, also fell significantly (P = 0.03) after the chordae were severed, the Ea/Ees ...
Rupture of the chordae tendineaeLeafletsMitral chordae tendineaePapillary muscleValveVentricleLeafletValvularTricuspidMeasurementAnchorHeartMusclesSmallAnnulusPAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAERupture of chordaVentricular wallLeaflets and chordaeThickened and shortenedTransesophageal echocardiographyInterventricular septumAtrioventricularCommissuralStructuresCuspsTissueProlapseAcuteInsertionLeftStringsWallSupportPatientsReplacement
Rupture of the chordae tendineae1
- Acute heart failure may be due to valve destruction or distortion and/or rupture of the chordae tendineae. (medscape.com)
Leaflets6
- Primary TR is caused by an abnormality of the tricuspid valve and/or its subvalvular apparatus (tricuspid leaflets, chordae, papillary muscles, or annulus), due to congenital or acquired causes. (escardio.org)
- One of the most frequent congenital causes of TR is Ebstein's anomaly, which is typically characterised by displacement of the leaflets towards the apex, arising directly from the wall of the right ventricle (RV) without identifiable chordae [6]. (escardio.org)
- During ventricular systole, the mitral valve closes and prevents backflow to the LA. The normal function of the mitral valve depends on its 6 components, which are (1) the left atrial wall, (2) the annulus, (3) the leaflets, (4) the chordae tendineae, (5) the papillary muscles, and (6) the left ventricular wall (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- The mitral apparatus is composed of the left atrial wall, the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae, the papillary muscles, and the left ventricular wall. (medscape.com)
- These commissures can be accurately identified by the insertions of the commissural chordae tendineae into the leaflets (see the second image below). (medscape.com)
- The mitral complex: interaction of anatomy, physiology and pathology of the mitral annulus, mitral valve leaflets, Chordae tendineae and papillary muscle. (ijcrr.com)
Mitral chordae tendineae1
- DNA Repair Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Mitral Chordae Tendineae Rupture. (cdc.gov)
Papillary muscle6
- This study aims at giving a definitive measurement of the chordae from the papillary muscle of the ventricle to the leaflet of the valve so that an operating surgeon can have a fair idea of how much length of the chordae can be sacrificed. (ijcrr.com)
- Results: The mean length of anterior chorda was 12.77mm ±4.03 S.D and posterior 12.33mm ±3.89 S.D. The mean breadth of anterior chorda was .28mm± .20 S.D and posterior .25mm ± 0.14 S.D .The anterior papillary muscle contained around an average of 10.42 ± 2.48 S.D chordae and the posterior papillary muscle contained around an average of 9.72 ± 2.39 S.D chordae. (ijcrr.com)
- Conclusion: The length and the breadth of the chordae of the anterior papillary muscle were more than the length and breadth of the posterior papillary muscle. (ijcrr.com)
- Occlusion of Medtronic Hall mitral valve prosthesis by ruptured papillary muscle and chordae tendinae. (ijcrr.com)
- The AML is the main surgical site and is applied with plication (vertical plication, resection-plication-release strategy), extension (the AML extension, transverse incision of the AML), sutured (edge-to-edge repair, anterior leaflet retention plasty), or traction (floating stitch, papillary muscle-to-anterior annulus stitches, paradoxical stitches, transposition of a directed chorda tendinea to the AML). (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Acute mitral regurgitation (MR) is usually a result of infective endocarditis , ruptured chordae tendineae or ischaemic papillary muscle rupture . (pediagenosis.com)
Valve13
- However, TEE suffers from image artefacts and signal dropout, particularly for structures lying below the valve, including chordae tendineae, making it necessary to acquire alternative echo views to visualize these structures. (uwo.ca)
- We demonstrate that this compounding technique accurately captures the physical structures present, including the mitral valve, chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. (uwo.ca)
- The chordae tendineae (sometimes called the heart strings) connecting those muscles to the valve may be positioned badly, or be too long or short. (4hcm.org)
- Acute heart failure can also occur when a heart valve suddenly stops functioning or the chordae tendineae , the muscle and cord that helps the mitral valve function properly, suddenly ruptures. (howstuffworks.com)
- This image of a sectioned human heart, extracted during a patient's autopsy, reveals severe thickening of the mitral valve, thickened chordae tendineae, and the hypertrophic left ventricular myocardium, all due to a case of rheumatic heart disease. (cdc.gov)
- 2-dimensional echocardiographic examination of chordae tendineae abnormalities in rheumatic mitral valve disease]. (bvsalud.org)
- The chordae tendineae, or heart strings, are cord-like tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart. (absoluteastronomy.com)
- en·do·car·di·tis (en″do-kahr-diґtis) [ endocardium + - itis ] exudative and proliferative inflammatory alterations of the endocardium, usually characterized by the presence of vegetations on the surface of the endocardium or in the endocardium itself, and most commonly involving a heart valve, but sometimes affecting the inner lining of the cardiac chambers or the endocardium elsewhere. (en-academic.com)
- In valve replacement surgeries, the effective post surgical performance of the valve depends on the length of the chordae which are anchored. (ijcrr.com)
- Materials and Methods: 50 human hearts were studied and the length, breadth and the numerical count and the position of the chordae of the mitral valve were studied. (ijcrr.com)
- Does preservation of the posterior chordae tendinae enhance survival during mitral valve replacement? (ijcrr.com)
- Mitral valve replacement with preservation of papillary muscles and chordae tendineae. (ijcrr.com)
- Harpoon Medical's Inc. 's beating heart mitral valve procedure uses an expanded polytetrafluorethylene anchor that replaces the non-functioning natural chordae tendineae. (informa.com)
Ventricle1
- 13. Millington-Sanders C, Meir A, Lawrence L, Stolinski C. Structure of chorda tendineae in the left ventricle of the human heart. (ijcrr.com)
Leaflet2
- Chordae Tendineae Approximation Technique for Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation with Severe Leaflet Tet. (jchestsurg.org)
- [ 6 ] The 2 zones on the anterior leaflet are referred to as rough and clear zones, according to the chordae tendineae insertion. (medscape.com)
Valvular1
- Approximate measurements of chordae will give a definitive value in mitral valvular replacement surgeries. (ijcrr.com)
Tricuspid1
- 2. The chordae tendineae , also called the "heartstrings" can be found attached to the thin flaps of the tricuspid. (virteum.com)
Measurement1
- The chordae length measurement error between the compounded ultrasound and ground-truth CT for two porcine valves is reported as 0.7 ± 0.6 mm and 0.6 ± 0.6 mm. (uwo.ca)
Anchor1
- The chordae tendineae are a sort of anchor ropes between the two valves and the papillary muscles, which are located in the heart walls. (pawpeds.com)
Heart3
- Objective: Chorda tendinae are the connecting link between heart valves and the ventricular chambers. (ijcrr.com)
- All tendons are susceptible, from the Achilles to the delicate chordae tendineae (heart strings). (myquinstory.info)
- Both Valsalva maneuver and standing decrease venous return to the heart thereby decreasing left ventricular diastolic filling ( preload ) and causing more laxity on the chordae tendineae . (mdwiki.org)
Muscles1
- Also notice these things called chordae tendineae, which are your basic, your muscles within the actual ventricles themselves. (edu.au)
Small1
- Luckily, this is prevented by small thread-like bands, called chordae tendineae. (pawpeds.com)
Annulus5
- During ventricular systole, the mitral valve closes and prevents backflow to the LA. The normal function of the mitral valve depends on its 6 components, which are (1) the left atrial wall, (2) the annulus, (3) the leaflets, (4) the chordae tendineae, (5) the papillary muscles, and (6) the left ventricular wall (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- The mitral apparatus is composed of the left atrial wall, the annulus, the leaflets, the chordae tendineae, the papillary muscles, and the left ventricular wall. (medscape.com)
- The mitral valve is composed of its leaflets, the chordae tendineae, the mitral annulus, and the papillary muscles that link the chordae to the left ventricle (LV). (renalandurologynews.com)
- Disruption of the kinetic interrelationship between the left ventricular wall, the left atrial wall, valve leaflets, annulus, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles, may lead to dysfunction of the valve. (perfusion.com)
- the measurement of the distance between the head of the posterior PM and the mitral annulus plane at coaptation of the leaflets was regarded as the artificial chordae length. (biomedcentral.com)
PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE1
- Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE). (umassmed.edu)
Rupture of chorda1
- I23.4 is a valid billable ICD-10 diagnosis code for Rupture of chordae tendineae as current complication following acute myocardial infarction . (icd10coded.com)
Ventricular wall1
- Papillary muscles arise more superiorly on the ventricular wall with thickened and shortened chordae tendineae, the characteristic rolled-free edge of mitral leaflets. (medscape.com)
Leaflets and chordae1
- The incompetence can result from primary structural abnormalities of the leaflets and chordae or, more often, be secondary to myocardial dysfunction and dilatation. (medscape.com)
Thickened and shortened1
- The chordae tendineae may be thickened and shortened. (medscape.com)
Transesophageal echocardiography3
- Here we diagnosed a 38-year-old man, who was found CCTGA 14 years ago, as spontaneous chordae rupture by real-time three dimentional transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3D-TEE). (biomedcentral.com)
- This study aimed to assess the reliability and accuracy of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to predict the length of artificial chordae preoperatively. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this study, the distance from the PM tip to the normal closing point of corresponding leaflet segment was measured preoperatively using real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D-TEE), and this method was used to determine the length of the neo artificial chordae to be implanted. (biomedcentral.com)
Interventricular septum1
- We demonstrate volumetric imaging of deeply located cardiac features, including the interventricular septum, chordae tendineae, and papillary muscles while further tracking the heart beat cycle and the motion of the pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid valves in real time. (ithera-medical.com)
Atrioventricular2
- 14. Distribution of PGP 9.5, TH, NPY, SP and CGRP immunoreactive nerves in the rat and guinea pig atrioventricular valves and chordae tendineae. (nih.gov)
- Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae. (nih.gov)
Commissural1
- These commissures can be accurately identified by the insertions of the commissural chordae tendineae into the leaflets (see the second image below). (medscape.com)
Structures1
- Each leaflet is attached to chordae tendineae, which are string-like structures that connect leaflets to papillary muscles. (pulsenotes.com)
Cusps1
- thus, the papillary muscles exert an undesirable lateral traction on the chordae tendineae and mitral cusps, leading to faulty leaflet opposition. (medscape.com)
Tissue1
- Occasionally, the chordae may be mildly thickened by fibrous tissue. (medscape.com)
Prolapse1
- Artificial chordae replacement is an effective technique for treating mitral regurgitation (MR) resulting from anterior and/or posterior leaflet prolapse without the need for quadrangular or triangular resection, which reduces the effective area of coaptation. (biomedcentral.com)
Acute1
- investigators believe that the Captain's acute mitral value insufficiency/regurgitation was due Provide fire fighters with medical clearance to a partial tear/rupture of his chordae tendineae. (cdc.gov)
Insertion2
- [ 6 ] The 2 zones on the anterior leaflet are referred to as rough and clear zones, according to the chordae tendineae insertion. (medscape.com)
- Conversely, the clear zone is defined as clear on transillumination and has no chordae tendineae insertion. (medscape.com)
Left1
- Since these methods are performed in the arrested heart, it is difficult to determine the precise length of artificial chordae, because the geometry of the left ventricle is different in the arrested heart compared with that in the beating heart [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Strings1
- The valves in the heart are operated by chords (called chordae tendineae), which are easiest to imagine as strings, attached to the heart wall. (webvets.com)
Wall1
- The flaps of auriculo-ventricular values remain connected with wall of ventricle by thread like chordae tendineae. (knowithere.com)
Support1
- The chordae tendineae that support screening for patients who cannot speak. (berea.edu)
Patients1
- The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of polymorphism Lys939Gln in XPC gene in patients with mitral chordae tendinea rupture (MCTR). (nih.gov)
Replacement2
- However, artificial chordae replacement is technically more demanding. (biomedcentral.com)
- The most intriguing challenge in artificial chordae replacement is how to determine the appropriate length of the artificial chordae and maintain the length unchanged when the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (Gore-Tex) sutures are tied [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)