Synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint complicated by displacement and calcification of the articular disk: report of two cases. (1/4)

Two cases of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are presented, including correlation of CT and MR imaging characteristics with surgical and pathologic findings. The usefulness of CT and MR imaging in the diagnosis of TMJ disorders is discussed.  (+info)

Symptomatic laryngeal nodular chondrometaplasia: a clinicopathological study. (2/4)

A 41 year old man with a history of politrauma presented with a nodular mass of the left false vocal cord, associated with progressive dysphonia, dyspnoea, and dysphagia. A computed tomography scan of the neck region showed a rounded and circumscribed mass without infiltration of the surrounding tissues. Histological investigation of the nodule revealed the presence of fibroelastic cartilaginous tissue, surrounded by a thin rim of fibrous tissue, with rare hypercellular areas, occasional binucleated cells, slight hyperchromasia, and an irregular nuclear profile. Mitotic activity was absent. The patient's history of laryngeal trauma, with the subsequent progressive onset of clinical symptoms, helps to distinguish the chondrometaplastic nature of this nodule from true laryngeal cartilaginous tumours, such as chondroma and low grade chondrosarcoma.  (+info)

A case of chondromatosis indicates a synovial stem cell aetiology. (3/4)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cell cultures derived from intrasynovial nodules from a patient with primary synovial chondromatosis (PSC) for aberrant numbers/differentiation of osteochondroprogenitor cells. METHODS: Cell cultures were established from PSC synovial nodules, or normal bovine or human osteoarthritis (OA) synovia (for comparison). Multi-lineage potential was determined using well-characterized in vitro culture systems to assess osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic capability. RESULTS: Primary PSC cell cultures were typically fibroblastic but contained islands of dense cell clusters/nodules, some of which were isolated and cultured separately [putative osteochondroprogenitris (pOCP) cultures]. OA synovial cultures had barely detectable levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) that increased (0.006+/-0.008 to 0.141+/-0.000 nmol p-nitrophenol/min/cm(2)) with dexamethasone treatment. AP activity was higher in primary PSC cell cultures and further enhanced by dexamethasone (from 0.076+/-0.022 to 5.735+/-0.000 nmol p-nitrophenol/min/cm(2)). Histochemically, AP was localized as discreet areas within PSC cultures. No AP activity was detected histochemically in OA or normal bovine synovial cultures. The pOCP cultures had high basal AP (5.036+/-0.439 nmol p-nitrophenol/min/cm(2)) and spontaneously formed mineralized nodules, which increased in number under standard osteogenic conditions. Under chondrogenic conditions, micromass or pellet-cultured pOCP cells spontaneously synthesized a matrix containing glycosaminoglycans and collagen II. In adipogenic medium, the number of lipid-containing cells was increased. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with cultures established from OA or normal synovia, cell cultures established from PSC synovial nodules were enriched in osteochondroprogenitors, which, unlike normal mesenchymal cells, differentiated along chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages in the absence of dexamethasone.  (+info)

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the seventh cervical vertebra. (4/4)

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign bone tumor representing less than 0.5% of all bone tumors. It commonly involves the long tubular bones. Involvement of the spine is rare. A 35-year-old man presented with history of neck pain, restriction of neck movements, pain and numbness along the medial aspect of the left forearm and weakness with wasting of the left hand. A presumptive diagnosis of a bony tumor such as an aneurysmal bone cyst or a giant cell tumor involving the seventh vertebral body was made on plain X-rays, MRI and bone scan. He underwent C7 central corpectomy, incomplete intralesional curettage with iliac bone grafting and C6 to T1 interspinous wiring. The histological diagnosis was chondromyxoid fibroma. On eight years' follow-up, CT scan showed no progression of the tumor with good alignment and fusion of the graft at the site of the corpectomy. The authors conclude that corpectomy and iliac bone grafting for chondromyxoid fibroma has a good outcome on long-term follow-up.  (+info)