Chondroitin. Medical search

Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.

A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of delta-4,5-D-glucuronate residues from polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages thereby bringing about depolymerization. EC 4.2.2.4 acts on chondroitin sulfate A and C as well as on dermatan sulfate and slowly on hyaluronate. EC 4.2.2.5 acts on chondroitin sulfate A and C.

Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of glucuronate residues from chondroitin A,B, and C or which catalyze the hydrolysis of sulfate groups of the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate. EC 4.2.2.-.

Proteoglycans consisting of proteins linked to one or more CHONDROITIN SULFATE-containing oligosaccharide chains.

An enzyme that catalyzes the eliminative degradation of polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-D-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages to disaccharides containing 4-deoxy-beta-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

A naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan found mostly in the skin and in connective tissue. It differs from CHONDROITIN SULFATE A (see CHONDROITIN SULFATES) by containing IDURONIC ACID in place of glucuronic acid, its epimer, at carbon atom 5. (from Merck, 12th ed)

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

Oligosaccharides containing two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.

A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.

A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.

A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.

Enzymes which transfer sulfate groups to various acceptor molecules. They are involved in posttranslational sulfation of proteins and sulfate conjugation of exogenous chemicals and bile acids. EC 2.8.2.

An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.

HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of a variety of tissues and organs. Several versican isoforms exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the versican MESSENGER RNA.

Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They form into aggregates that provide tissues with the capacity to resist high compressive and tensile forces.

Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine from a nucleoside diphosphate N-acetylgalactosamine to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

The N-acetyl derivative of galactosamine.

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).

A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.

A group of elongate elasmobranchs. Sharks are mostly marine fish, with certain species large and voracious.

3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. Key intermediate in the formation by living cells of sulfate esters of phenols, alcohols, steroids, sulfated polysaccharides, and simple esters, such as choline sulfate. It is formed from sulfate ion and ATP in a two-step process. This compound also is an important step in the process of sulfur fixation in plants and microorganisms.

A small leucine-rich proteoglycan that interacts with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and modifies the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX structure of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Decorin has also been shown to play additional roles in the regulation of cellular responses to GROWTH FACTORS. The protein contains a single glycosaminoglycan chain and is similar in structure to BIGLYCAN.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Component of dermatan sulfate. Differs in configuration from glucuronic acid only at the C-5 position.

A subclass of receptor-like protein tryosine phosphatases that contain an extracellular fibronectin III-like domain along with a carbonic anhydrase-like domain.

Ubiquitous macromolecules associated with the cell surface and extracellular matrix of a wide range of cells of vertebrate and invertebrate tissues. They are essential cofactors in cell-matrix adhesion processes, in cell-cell recognition systems, and in receptor-growth factor interactions. (From Cancer Metastasis Rev 1996; 15(2): 177-86; Hepatology 1996; 24(3): 524-32)

An order of freshwater algae possessing unbranched filaments. Sexual reproduction takes place via conjugation.

Diagnostic measurement of the nose and its cavity through acoustic reflections. Used to measure nasal anatomical landmarks, nasal septal deviation, and nasal airway changes in response to allergen provocation tests (NASAL PROVOCATION TESTS).

The head of a long bone that is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

A group of carbon-oxygen lyases. These enzymes catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond in polysaccharides leading to an unsaturated product and the elimination of an alcohol. EC 4.2.2.

A class of Echinodermata characterized by long, slender bodies.

Stable sulfur atoms that have the same atomic number as the element sulfur, but differ in atomic weight. S-33, 34, and 36 are stable sulfur isotopes.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups to an acceptor. Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of PHOSPHORYLASES. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl group from the donor to water. Subclasses include the HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES; PENTOSYLTRANSFERASES; SIALYLTRANSFERASES; and those transferring other glycosyl groups. EC 2.4.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria. Its organisms are normal inhabitants of the oral, respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital cavities of humans, animals, and insects. Some species may be pathogenic.

Electrophoresis in which cellulose acetate is the diffusion medium.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

An enzyme from the sulfuric ester hydrolase class that breaks down one of the products of the chondroitin lyase II reaction. EC 3.1.6.9.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.

A small leucine-rich proteoglycan found in a variety of tissues including CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; SKELETAL MUSCLE; CARTILAGE; BONE; and TENDONS. The protein contains two glycosaminoglycan chains and is similar in structure to DECORIN.

An enzyme of the isomerase class that catalyzes the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing 1,4-linked D-glucuronate or L-iduronate residues and 1,4-alpha-linked 2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucose residues to give oligosaccharides with terminal 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.2.7.

A unifocal malignant tumor that consists of atypical pathological MAST CELLS without systemic involvement. It causes local destructive growth in organs other than in skin or bone marrow.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and parasitic diseases. The parasitic infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

A class of inorganic or organic compounds that contain the borohydride (BH4-) anion.

The partition separating the two NASAL CAVITIES in the midplane. It is formed by the SEPTAL NASAL CARTILAGE, parts of skull bones (ETHMOID BONE; VOMER), and membranous parts.

Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of various sulfate bonds of chondroitin sulfate. EC 3.1.6.-.

Bicarbonate transporters that move BICARBONATE IONS in exchange of CHLORIDE IONS or SODIUM IONS across membranes. They regulate acid-base HOMEOSTASIS, cell volume and intracellular pH. Members include CHLORIDE-BICARBONATE ANTIPORTERS (SLC4A1, 2, 3, and 9); SODIUM-COUPLED BICARBONATE TRANSPORTERS (SLC4A4 and 5, 7, 8 and 10); and a sodium borate cotransporter (SLC4A11 protein).

Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula CnH2nOn. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

The nine cartilages of the larynx, including the cricoid, thyroid and epiglottic, and two each of arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform.

The decarboxylation product of UDPglucuronic acid, which is used for formation of the xylosides of seryl hydroxyl groups in mucoprotein synthesis. Also forms plant xylans.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein transiently expressed in many developing organs and often re-expressed in tumors. It is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in smooth muscle and tendons. (From Kreis & Vale, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Proteins, 1993, p93)

Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

The area between the EPIPHYSIS and the DIAPHYSIS within which bone growth occurs.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in soil, fecal matter, and sewage. It is an opportunistic pathogen and causes cystitis and pyelonephritis.

Inorganic salts of chloric acid that contain the ClO3- ion.

A family of enzymes accepting a wide range of substrates, including phenols, alcohols, amines, and fatty acids. They function as drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of UDPglucuronic acid to a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. EC 2.4.1.17.

Cell surface receptors that bind to ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE.

Serum proteins that have the most rapid migration during ELECTROPHORESIS. This subgroup of globulins is divided into faster and slower alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-globulins.

A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.

Acidic sulfated integral membrane glycoproteins expressed in several alternatively spliced and variable glycosylated forms on a wide variety of cell types including mature T-cells, B-cells, medullary thymocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts. CD44 antigens are the principle cell surface receptors for hyaluronate and this interaction mediates binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules. (From Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p156)

The parts of a GENOME sequence that are involved with the different functions or properties of genomes as a whole as opposed to those of individual GENES.

In tissue culture, hairlike projections of neurons stimulated by growth factors and other molecules. These projections may go on to form a branched tree of dendrites or a single axon or they may be reabsorbed at a later stage of development. "Neurite" may refer to any filamentous or pointed outgrowth of an embryonal or tissue-culture neural cell.

A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.

A high-molecular-weight protein (approximately 22,500) containing 198 amino acid residues. It is a strong inhibitor of trypsin and human plasmin.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A hyalectin family member that is expressed in neuronal tissue and plays a role in neuronal CELL ADHESION.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Serves as the biological precursor of insect chitin, of muramic acid in bacterial cell walls, and of sialic acids in mammalian glycoproteins.

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins that contain a short cytoplasmic domain, a single-span transmembrane domain, and an extracellular domain with heparin sulfate and CHONDROITIN SULFATE chains. Syndecans interact with a variety of heparin-binding INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS and may play a role in modulating cellular signaling during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, tumorigenesis, and angiogenesis.

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of N-acetylgalactosamine for glycoproteins, sulfatides and cerebrosides.

The presence of organisms, or any foreign material that makes a drug preparation impure.

A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a large amount of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Enzymes which transfer sulfur atoms to various acceptor molecules. EC 2.8.1.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a pentose group from one compound to another.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

Large marine mammals of the order CETACEA. In the past, they were commercially valued for whale oil, for their flesh as human food and in ANIMAL FEED and FERTILIZERS, and for baleen. Today, there is a moratorium on most commercial whaling, as all species are either listed as endangered or threatened.

Electrophoresis in which paper is used as the diffusion medium. This technique is confined almost entirely to separations of small molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides, and relatively high voltages are nearly always used.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

A superorder of CEPHALOPODS comprised of squid, cuttlefish, and their relatives. Their distinguishing feature is the modification of their fourth pair of arms into tentacles, resulting in 10 limbs.

Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.

A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of galactose from a nucleoside diphosphate galactose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Polymorphic cells that form cartilage.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hexose groups. EC 2.4.1.-.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Carica papaya. It is also the name used for a purified mixture of papain and CHYMOPAPAIN that is used as a topical enzymatic debriding agent. EC 3.4.22.2.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Saturated azacyclopropane compounds. They include compounds with substitutions on CARBON or NITROGEN atoms.

Distribution of chondroitin sulfate in cartilage proteoglycans under associative conditions. (1/460)

Proteoglycan aggregates and proteoglycan subunits were extracted from bovine articular cartilage with guanidine-HC1 folowed by fractionation by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride density gradients. The distribution of chondroitin sulfates (CS) in the cartilage proteoglycans was studied at the disaccharide level by digestion with chondroitinases. In the proteoglycan aggregate fraction, it was observed that the proportion of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to total CS increased from the bottom to the top fractions, whereas that of 6-sulfated disaccharide units was in the reverse order. Thus, the ratio of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to 6-sulfated disaccharide units increased significantly with decreasing density. The proportion of non-sulfated disaccharide units to total CS tended to increase with increasing density. These data indicate a polydisperse distribution of CS chains, under the conditions used here, in proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular cartilage. (+info)

Sulfate incorporation from ascorbate 2-sulfate into chondroitin sulfate by embryonic chick cartilage epiphyses. (2/460)

Radioactivity was significantly incorporated from ascorbate 2-[35S]sulfate into chondroitin sulfate by embryonic chick cartilage epiphyses. The extent of incorporation was comparable with that from inorganic [35S]sulfate. The radioactive chondroitin sulfate formed from ascorbate 2-[35S]sulfate gave two radioactive disaccharides on chondroitinase-ABC [EC 4.2.2.4] digestion. The incorporation was markedly decreased by inorganic sulfate. The time course of incorporation from ascorbate 2-[35S]sulfate and inorganic [35S]sulfate into chondroitin sulfate and the constituent disaccharides suggest that the incorporation rates from the two radioactive substances are different. (+info)

Chondroitin sulphation patterns in synovial fluid in osteoarthritis subsets. (3/460)

OBJECTIVES: To determine concentrations of chondroitin sulphate (CS) disaccharides in knee synovial fluid (SF) from normal subjects and patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to test whether these variables differ between different diseases and subsets of OA. METHODS: OA was subdivided into large joint OA (LJOA), nodal generalised OA (NGOA), and OA with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition (CPA), with 25, 9, and 11 people in each subset respectively. The SF of 13 normal subjects was also volunteered for analysis along with 15 RA patients. Clinical assessment of inflammation (0-6) was undertaken on OA and RA knees. Concentrations of unsaturated CS disaccharides Deltadi6S and Deltadi4S were measured by capillary zone electrophoresis. RESULTS: Concentrations of Deltadi6S were lower in RA (5.90 ng/ml) and OA (13.24 ng/ml) fluids compared with normal (21.0 ng/ml) but no significant differences were seen between disease and normal fluids for Deltadi4S (about 4-6 ng/ml). The ratio of Deltadi6S:Deltadi4S were RA+info)

Combined effect of Interceed and 5-fluorouracil on delayed adjustable strabismus surgery. (4/460)

AIMS/BACKGROUND: To discover a more reliable method of performing delayed suture adjustment as a basis to investigate whether delayed adjustment actually provides more stable results. In order to prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions and delay the time of adjustment, an animal study was performed to determine the combined effect of physical barriers, Viscoat and Interceed, and a pharmacological agent, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS: 38 rabbit eyes were divided into three groups. After recession of the superior rectus muscle (SRM), 5-FU was applied beneath and over the SRM in group 5-FU. Group I-f had Interceed and 5-FU and group I-fv, Interceed, 5-FU, and Viscoat. Delayed adjustment was performed once on each SRM at 1, 2, and 3 weeks postoperatively. The possible length and the necessary force to adjust as well as the degree of adhesions were recorded. RESULTS: 5-FU delayed the adjustment for up to 1 week after surgery in three out of four eyes. Combined use of Interceed and 5-FU could delay the adjustment for up to 1 week after surgery in three out of five eyes. Addition of Viscoat could delay the adjustment for up to 1 week after surgery in four out of five eyes. Adjustment was possible on only one of four eyes thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Combined use of Interceed, 5-FU, and Viscoat could delay the adjustment in rabbits until 1 week postoperatively. (+info)

Purification and characterization of fetal bovine serum beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase and beta-D-glucuronyltransferase involved in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. (5/460)

beta-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II and beta-glucuronyltransferase II, involved in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis, transfer an N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue, respectively, through beta-linkages to an acceptor chondroitin oligosaccharide derived from the repeating disaccharide region of chondroitin sulfate. They were copurified from fetal bovine serum approximately 2500-fold and 850-fold, respectively, by sequential chromatographies on Red A-agarose, phenyl-Sepharose, S-Sepharose and wheat germ agglutinin-agarose. Identical and inseparable chromatographic profiles of both glycosyltransferase activities obtained through the above chromatographic steps and gel filtration suggest that the purified enzyme activities are tightly coupled, which could imply a single enzyme with dual transferase activities; beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and beta-glucuronyltransferase, reminiscent of the heparan sulfate polymerase reaction. However, when a polymerization reaction was performed in vitro with the purified serum enzyme preparation under the polymerization conditions recently developed for the chondroitin-synthesizing system, derived from human melanoma cells, each monosaccharide transfer took place, but no polymerization occurred. These results may suggest that the purified serum enzyme preparation contains both beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II and beta-glucuronyltransferase II activities on a single polypeptide or on the respective polypeptides forming an enzyme complex, but is different from that obtained from melanoma cells in that it transfers a single GalNAc or GlcA residue but does not polymerize chondroitin. (+info)

Demonstration of glycosaminoglycans in Caenorhabditis elegans. (6/460)

A considerable amount (approximately 1.6 microg from 1 mg of dried nematode) of non-sulfated chondroitin, two orders of magnitude less yet an appreciable amount of heparan sulfate, and no hyaluronate were found in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. The chondroitin chains were heterogeneous in size, being shorter than that of whale cartilage chondroitin sulfate. The disaccharide composition analysis of heparan sulfate revealed diverse sulfation including glucosamine 2-N-sulfation, glucosamine 6-O-sulfation and uronate 2-O-sulfation. These results imply that chondroitin and heparan sulfate are involved in fundamental biological processes. (+info)

Microanalysis of enzyme digests of hyaluronan and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE). (7/460)

Hyaluronan and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate are glycosaminoglycans that play major roles in the biomechanical properties of a wide variety of tissues, including cartilage. A chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chain can be divided into three regions: (1) a single linkage region oligosaccharide, through which the chain is attached to its proteoglycan core protein, (2) numerous internal repeat disaccharides, which comprise the bulk of the chain, and (3) a single nonreducing terminal saccharide structure. Each of these regions of a chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chain has its own level of microheterogeneity of structure, which varies with proteoglycan class, tissue source, species, and pathology. We have developed rapid, simple, and sensitive protocols for detection, characterization and quantitation of the saccharide structures from the internal disaccharide and nonreducing terminal regions of hyaluronan and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate chains. These protocols rely on the generation of saccharide structures with free reducing groups by specific enzymatic treatments (hyaluronidase/chondroitinase) which are then quantitatively tagged though their free reducing groups with the fluorescent reporter, 2-aminoacridone. These saccharide structures are further characterized by modification through additional enzymatic (sulfatase) or chemical (mercuric ion) treatments. After separation by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, the relative fluorescence in each band is quantitated with a cooled, charge-coupled device camera for analysis. Specifically, the digestion products identified are (1) unsaturated internal Deltadisaccharides including DeltaDiHA, DeltaDi0S, DeltaDi2S, DeltaDi4S, DeltaDi6S, DeltaDi2,4S, DeltaDi2,6S, DeltaDi4,6S, and DeltaDi2,4,6S; (2) saturated nonreducing terminal disaccharides including DiHA, Di0S, Di4S and Di6S; and (3) nonreducing terminal hexosamines including glcNAc, galNAc, 4S-galNAc, 6S-galNAc, and 4, 6S-galNAc. (+info)

Glycosaminoglycan conformation: do aqueous molecular dynamics simulations agree with x-ray fiber diffraction? (8/460)

Glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions are biologically important and require an appreciation of glycan molecular shape in solution, which is presently unavailable. In previous studies we found strong similarity between aqueous molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and published x-ray diffraction refinements of hyaluronan. We have applied a similar approach here to chondroitin and dermatan, attempting to clarify some of the issues raised by the x-ray diffraction literature relating to chondroitin and dermatan sulfate. We predict that chondroitin has the same beta(1-->4) linkage conformation as hyaluronan, and that their average beta(1-->3) conformations differ. This is explained by changes in hydrogen-bonding across this linkage, resulting from its axial hydroxyl, causing a different sampling of left-handed helices in chondroitin (2.5- to 3.5-fold) as compared with hyaluronan (3.0- to 4.0-fold). Few right-handed helices, which lack intramolecular hydrogen-bonds, were sampled during our MD simulations. Thus, we propose that the 8-fold helix observed in chondroitin-6-sulfate, represented in the literature as an 8(3) helix (right-handed), though it has never been refined, is more likely to be 8(5) (left-handed) helix. Molecular dynamics simulations implied that (4)C(1) and (2)S(O), but not (1)C(4), forms of iduronate could be used in refinements of dermatan x-ray fiber diffraction patterns. Current models of 8-fold dermatan sulfate chains containing (4)C(1) iduronate refine to right-handed helices, which possess no intramolecular hydrogen-bonds. However, MD simulations predict that models containing (2)S(O) iduronate could provide better (8(5) helix) starting structures for refinement. Thus, the 8-fold dermatan sulfate refinement (8(3) helix) could be in error. (+info)

Chondroitin sulfate[edit]. Chondroitin sulfates contribute to the tensile strength of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and walls ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_matrix

A 2015 Cochrane review of clinical trials of chondroitin found that most were of low quality, but that there was some evidence ... Chondroitin Sulfate Concentration and Chain Length, Water, and Ash Content". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 45 (7): ... The review noted a high-quality, two-year clinical trial comparing ASU to chondroitin - which has uncertain efficacy in ... Vangsness CT, Spiker W, Erickson J (January 2009). "A review of evidence-based medicine for glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoarthritis

Glucosamine and chondroitin. Lutein and antioxidants. Oxycodone and naloxone. Homeopathy items. Herbal medicines. 7 items which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_treatments_blacklist

heparan /chondroitin sulfate testican, 44 kDa perlecan, 400-470 kDa chondroitin sulfate bikunin, 25 kDa neurocan, 136 kDa. ... chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate decorin, 36 kDa. biglycan, 38 kDa versican, 260-370 kDa, present in many adult tissues ... chondroitin sulfate-GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-PROTEIN). The Ser residue is generally in the sequence -Ser-Gly-X-Gly- (where X can be any ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteoglycan

Chondroitin sulfate. GlcUA or GlcUA(2S). GalNAc or GalNAc(4S) or GalNAc(6S) or GalNAc(4S,6S). 'GlcUAβ1-3'GalNAcβ1-4. Most ... Chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate, which comprise CSGAGs, are differentiated from each other by the presence of GlcA and ... Distinguished from chondroitin sulfate by the presence of iduronic acid, although some hexuronic acid monosaccharides may be ... For example, with regards to stem cells, hyaluronan, along with chondroitin sulfate, helps to form the stem cell niche. Stem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosaminoglycan

Schwartz NB, Roden L (1975). "Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. Solubilization of chondroitin sulfate glycosyltransferases ... This enzyme participates in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis and glycan structures - biosynthesis 1. It employs one cofactor, ... Robinson JA, Robinson HC (1985). "Initiation of chondroitin sulphate synthesis by beta-D-galactosides Substrates for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactosylxylosylprotein_3-beta-galactosyltransferase

Helting T, Roden L (1969). "Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. II. Glucuronosyl transfer in the formation of the carbohydrate ... This enzyme participates in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis and glycan structures - biosynthesis 1. It employs one cofactor, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein_3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase

Pedersen LC, Tsuchida K, Kitagawa H, Sugahara K, Darden TA, Negishi M (Nov 2000). "Heparan/chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B3GAT1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylosylprotein_4-beta-galactosyltransferase

"Molecular cloning of a chondroitin polymerizing factor that cooperates with chondroitin synthase for chondroitin polymerization ... Chondroitin sulfate synthase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHPF gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "Entrez Gene: CHPF chondroitin polymerizing factor". Human CHPF genome location and CHPF gene details page in the UCSC Genome ... 2003). "Chondroitin sulfate synthase-2. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel human glycosyltransferase homologous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHPF

2000). "Heparan/chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. Structure and mechanism of human glucuronyltransferase I". J. Biol. Chem. 275 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B3GAT3

"Molecular cloning of a chondroitin polymerizing factor that cooperates with chondroitin synthase for chondroitin polymerization ... Chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHSY1 gene. CHSY1 synthesizes chondroitin sulfate ... Kitagawa H, Uyama T, Sugahara K (Oct 2001). "Molecular cloning and expression of a human chondroitin synthase". J Biol Chem. ... 2003). "Chondroitin sulfate synthase-3. Molecular cloning and characterization". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (41): 39711-25. doi:10.1074 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHSY1

This enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and glycan structures. XYLT1 XYLT2 Xylosyltransferase ... Stoolmiller AC, Horwitz AL, Dorfman A (1972). "Biosynthesis of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Purification and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_xylosyltransferase

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, also known as melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) or neuron-glial ... "Entrez Gene: CSPG4 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4". Nishiyama A, Dahlin KJ, Prince JT, Johnstone SR, Stallcup WB (July 1991 ... Yang J, Price MA, Neudauer CL, Wilson C, Ferrone S, Xia H, Iida J, Simpson MA, McCarthy JB (June 2004). "Melanoma chondroitin ... Iida J, Meijne AM, Oegema TR, Yednock TA, Kovach NL, Furcht LT, McCarthy JB (March 1998). "A role of chondroitin sulfate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSPG4

"Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine Supplements in Osteoarthritis". Retrieved November 22, 2017. Roush, James K.; Cross, Alan R ... Good sources of protein to meet higher protein requirements Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate to help maintain joint and bone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aging_in_dogs

This enzyme is also called chondroitin glucuronyltransferase II. This enzyme participates in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis ... DeAngelis PL, Padgett-McCue AJ (2000). "Identification and molecular cloning of a chondroitin synthase from Pasteurella ... "Molecular cloning and expression of a human chondroitin synthase". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (42): 38721-6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M106871200 ... "Molecular cloning and characterization of chondroitin polymerase from Escherichia coli strain K4". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (24): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan_3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase

"Entrez Gene: CHST12 carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 12". Human CHST12 genome location and CHST12 gene details ... 2003). "Specificities of three distinct human chondroitin/dermatan N-acetylgalactosamine 4-O-sulfotransferases demonstrated ... "Molecular cloning and expression of two distinct human chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferases that belong to the HNK-1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHST12

The pathways for HS/heparin or chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) biosynthesis diverge after the formation of ... The antibody binds heparan sulfate, not chondroitin sulfate. The binding of HS20 to heparan sulfate requires sulfation at both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparan_sulfate

This enzyme is also called chondroitin-4-sulfatase. Held E, Buddecke E (1967). "[Studies on the chemistry of the arterial wall ... Demonstration, purification and properties of a chondroitin-4-sulfatase from bovine aorta]". Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondro-4-sulfatase

"Enzymatic synthesis of chondroitin with a novel chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that transfers N- ... "Chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-1 plays a critical role in chondroitin sulfate synthesis in cartilage". ... Chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CSGALNACT1 gene. A form ... "Entrez Gene: ChGn chondroitin beta1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase". Mizumoto S, Janecke AR, Sadeghpour A, Povysil G, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChGn

Yamada T, Ohtake S, Sato M, Habuchi O (Dec 2004). "Chondroitin 4-sulphotransferase-1 and chondroitin 6-sulphotransferase-1 are ... Mikami T, Mizumoto S, Kago N, Kitagawa H, Sugahara K (Sep 2003). "Specificities of three distinct human chondroitin/dermatan N- ... "Entrez Gene: CHST11 carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 11". Zeggini E, Panoutsopoulou K, Southam L, Rayner NW, Day- ... chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11) gene in a B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with a t(12;14)(q23;q32)". Oncogene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHST11

Kitagawa H, Uyama T, Sugahara K (October 2001). "Molecular cloning and expression of a human chondroitin synthase". The Journal ... DeAngelis PL, Padgett-McCue AJ (August 2000). "Identification and molecular cloning of a chondroitin synthase from Pasteurella ... uridine diphosphoacetylgalactosamine-chondroitin acetylgalactosaminyltransferase II) is an enzyme with systematic name UDP-N- ... N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-proteoglycan This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. Rohrmann K, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan_4-b-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

The core NG2 molecule is approximately 300 kDa and the addition of at least one chondroitin sulfate molecule results in a ... "Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans: inhibitory components of the glial scar." Prog Brain Res. 2001;132:611-9. PMID 11545024. ... "NG2 is a major chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan produced after spinal cord injury and is expressed by macrophages and ... "Increased expression of the NG2 chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan after brain injury." J. Neurosci. 1994 Aug;14(8):4716-30. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NG2_proteoglycan

Endogenous molecules include hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, and chondroitin sulfate. Felson, David T.; Kim, Young-Jo (2007). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondroprotection

PNNs are composed of a condensed matrix of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, molecules that consist of a core protein and a ... Extracellular matrix Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans Critical period Synaptic plasticity Flores, CE; Méndez, P (2014). " ... Galtrey, C. M.; Fawcett, J. W. (2007). "The role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in regeneration and plasticity in the ... They are largely negatively charged and composed of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, molecules that play a key role in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perineuronal_net

DiNubile N (July 2018). "Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate: What Has Been Learned Since the Glucosamine/chondroitin Arthritis ... When given as a single oral dose (9 g) with or without chondroitin sulfate (3 g) to ten horses, glucosamine (hydrochloride) was ... Chitobiose Chitosan Chondroitin sulfate Methylsulfonylmethane Pigman WW, Horton D, Wander JD (1980). The Carbohydrates. Vol IB ... "21st Century Glucosamine/Chondroitin Triple Strength Class Action Lawsuit". www.topclassactions.com. 2012-09-14. Retrieved June ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine

... chondroitin sulfate B with the fourth EGF-like domain; α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins with an RGD downstream the EGF-like domains; and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD97

Current USP standards for heparin limit levels of contamination with dermatan, chondroitin, and over-sulfated chondroitin ... Chondroitin sulfate shows slightly less biological activity than dermatan sulfate, and is composed of O-sulfated N-acetyl-D- ... USP Safety Data Sheet: Heparin Sodium with Oversulfated Chondroitin Sulfate. http://static.usp.org/pdf/EN/referenceStandards/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparinoid

Within infected tissues, this yeast produces several enzymes such as proteinase, phospholipase, hyaluronidase and chondroitin- ... Coutinho, S.D.; Paula, C.R. (2000). "Proteinase, phospholipase, hyaluronidase and chondroitin-sulphatase production by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malassezia_pachydermatis

Kitagawa H, Fujita M, Ito N, Sugahara K (Aug 2000). "Molecular cloning and expression of a novel chondroitin 6-O- ... 2001). "Sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine by chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase 2 (GST-5)". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (51): 40226-34. doi: ... They create considerable structural diversity among chondroitin sulfates by transferring sulfate with remarkable specificity ... Sulfotransferases generate sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) moieties during chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHST7

Chondroitin sulfate 800 mg/day (CS) pharmaceutical-grade in the management of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis consistent with ... Pharmaceutical-grade Chondroitin sulfate is as effective as celecoxib and superior to placebo in symptomatic knee ... Pharmaceutical-grade Chondroitin sulfate is as effective as celecoxib and superior to placebo in symptomatic knee ... Pharmaceutical-grade Chondroitin sulfate is as effective as celecoxib and superior to placebo in symptomatic knee ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28533290

as a supplement in higher doses than is found naturally, chondroitin is a popular treatment for osteoa ... chondroitin is a substance that occurs naturally in the connective tissues of people and animals. ... What is chondroitin?. ANSWER Chondroitin is a substance that occurs naturally in the connective tissues of people and animals. ... As a supplement in higher doses than is found naturally, chondroitin is a popular treatment for osteoarthritis. ...

https://www.webmd.com/diet/qa/what-is-chondroitin

Chondroitin sulfate is a chemical found in human and animal cartilage. It is commonly used by mouth with glucosamine or other ... Chondroitin Sulfate A, Chondroitin Sulfates, Chondroitin Sulfate B, Chondroitin Sulfate C, Chondroitin Sulphates, Chondroitin ... Calcium Chondroitin Sulfate, CDS, Chondroitin, Chondroitin Polysulfate, Chondroitin Polysulphate, ... Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfates. Hosp Pharm 1997;32:1275-85.. *Mazieres B, Loyau G, Menkes CJ, et al. [Chondroitin ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/744.html

Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis Pain Glucosamine and chondroitin are popular supplements used to treat ... What Are Glucosamine and Chondroitin? Glucosamine and chondroitin are natural compounds found in healthy cartilage -- the ... Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis Pain Research is mixed on whether these supplements help with arthritis pain and ... Some find chondroitin to be superior, others favor glucosamine, while still others prefer a combination of the two. "Evidence ...

https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/complementary-therapies/supplements-and-vitamins/glucosamine-chondroitin-osteoarthritis-pain

I dont really know if its done much for my dog, a mutt, but a review of 10 studies of glucosamine and chondroitin in humans ... I have two bottles of glucosamine and chondroitin on top of my refrigerator for my dog, who has terrible arthritis in her hind ... Glucosamine, chondroitin dont benefit arthritis Updated: September 20, 2010 - 8:42 AM EDT * ... I have two bottles of glucosamine and chondroitin on top of my refrigerator for my dog, who has terrible arthritis in her hind ...

http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/healthcare/Glucosamine_chondroitin_dont_benefit_arthritis.html

A list of US medications equivalent to Chondroitin is available on the Drugs.com website. ... Chondroitin is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. ... Ingredient matches for Chondroitin. Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium. Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium is reported as an ingredient of ... Chondroitin. In the US, Chondroitin (chondroitin systemic) is a member of the drug class nutraceutical products and is used to ...

https://www.drugs.com/international/chondroitin.html

A chondroitin is a chondrin derivative. Types include: Chondroitin sulfate Dermatan sulfate Chondroitin as a supplement is now ... Chondroitins effect toward the articular cartilage integrity as it is part of the proteoglycan molecules. The cartilage ... Research has been conducted to show the effectiveness of chondroitin and results indicate that it helps to manage pain in knee ... Chondroitin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Vasiliadis, Haris S; Tsikopoulos, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondroitin

A European meta-analysis found that chondroitin, a dietary supplement used to treat osteoarthritis, is ineffective but not ... Twenty studies that compared chondroitin to placebo or no treatment were examined, and the researchers found that chondroitin ... If patients say that they benefit from chondroitin, I see no harm in encouraging them to continue taking it as long as they ... BERN, Switzerland, April 17 (UPI) -- A European meta-analysis found that chondroitin, a dietary supplement used to treat ...

https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2007/04/17/Chondroitin-ineffective-for-osteoarthritis/17141176836414/

... chondroitin supplements online at CVS. Read reviews & find great deals now! ... Glucosamine Chondroitin Benefits. In the body, glucosamine and chondroitin are needed for healthy joints. Both materials play a ... Most chondroitin supplements contain chondroitin sulfate derived from shark or cow cartilage. Glucosamine supplements may ... What Is Glucosamine Chondroitin?. Glucosamine is a substance that is naturally found in the fluid surrounding the joints. ...

https://www.cvs.com/shop/vitamins/supplements/glucosamine-chondroitin

"Chondroitin sulfate B" is an old name for dermatan sulfate, and it is no longer classified as a form of chondroitin sulfate. ... Furthermore, marine chondroitin sulfate chains tend to be longer, with molecular weight of up to 70 kDa in chondroitin sulfate ... Chondroitin sulfate is not metabolized by cytochrome P450. The effect of chondroitin sulfate in people with osteoarthritis is ... Chondroitin sulfate is highly soluble in water. Chondroitin sulfate was originally isolated well before the structure was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondroitin_sulfate

InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites. We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their individual strengths to produce a powerful integrated database and diagnostic tool.

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/P41996

Here, we show that estrogen-induced, osteoanabolic effects were mediated via enhanced production of chondroitin sulfate-E (CS-E ... Identification of chondroitin sulfate glucuronyltransferase as chondroitin synthase-3 involved in chondroitin polymerization: ... Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-1 regulates the chain length of chondroitin sulfate in co-operation with chondroitin N- ... Chondroitin 4-O-sulfotransferase-2 regulates the number of chondroitin sulfate chains initiated by chondroitin N- ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep08994

Chondroitin sulphate player Synutra pledged to clean up the ingredients reputation by raising awareness of simple ... Commodity glucosamine and chondroitin supplements generally dominate the joint health marketplace, though according to ... Some have suggested that glucosamines coupling with chondroitin sulfate - extracted from animal cartilage - has been ... Glucosamine & chondroitin sulphate. By Annie Harrison-Dunn ...

https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2014/06/19/Bone-joint-health-ingredients?page=6

SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE; CHONDROITIN POLYSULFATE; CHONDROITIN SULFATE; CHONDROITIN SULFURIC ACID ... About SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE: Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate is a derivative of a natural mucopolysaccharide.. Function(s): ...

http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/723686/SODIUM_CHONDROITIN_SULFATE/

... chondroitin (2,700 mg) since July 2012. In addition, he take fish oil (720 mg). One pill of each daily for his hip displasia ... My 9 year old German Shepherd has been taking glucosamine w/ chondroitin (2,700 mg) since July 2012. In addition, he take fish ...

http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Animal-Health---General/Glucosamine-Chondroitin/show/1830419

21st Century, Glucosamine Chondroitin Complex Plus MSM, Advanced Triple Strength, 120 Tablets. 352 ... 21st Century, Glucosamine 1500 mg Chondroitin 1200 mg, Raspberry Flavored Liquid, 16 fl oz (480 ml). 28 ... 21st Century, Glucosamine 250 mg, Chondroitin 200 mg, Original Formula, 60 (Easy Swallow) Capsules. 194 ... 21st Century, Glucosamine 250 mg Chondroitin 200 mg, Original Formula, 120 (Easy Swallow) Capsules. 194 ...

https://www.iherb.com/c/Glucosamine-Chondroitin

Uses of Glucosamine and Chondroitin in Dogs. Glucosamine and chondroitin are good for digestive problems, skin wounds and joint ... How Glucosamine and Chondroitin Work to Rebuild Joints. Throughout your dogs life, the cartilage in his joints is wearing down ... Glucosamine chondroitin for dogs can provide relief from the symptoms of arthritis and even reverse the progress of the disease ... Glucosamine and chondroitin supplements can help your dogs body rebuild and regenerate lost cartilage, relieving the symptoms ...

https://www.vetinfo.com/glucosamine-chondroitin-dogs.html

... chondroitin sulfate has been more successful than celecoxib in reducing the long-term progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), ... Chondroitin sulfate, more commonly called chondroitin, has long been the subject of debate when it comes to its usefulness in ... However, only chondroitin sulfate was found to be capable of slowing down the progression of the disease by reducing the loss ... Pelletier would like to point out that the study only used pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin, and results may not be similar for ...

https://www.newswise.com/articles/chrondroitin-outperforms-celecoxib-in-knee-osteoarthritis-study

Ask questions and get answers about Chondroitin/Glucosamine/Methylsulfonylmethane. Our support group helps people share their ... Home › Q & A › Support Groups › Chondroitin / Glucosamine / Methylsulfonylmethane. Join the Chondroitin / Glucosamine / ... Chondroitin / Glucosamine / Methylsulfonylmethane Information for Consumers. *Side Effects of Chondroitin / Glucosamine / ... Chondroitin/Glucosamine/Methylsulfonylmethane - I have a known allergy to sulfa. Will it be safe?. Posted 11 Mar 2015 • 1 ...

https://www.drugs.com/answers/support-group/chondroitin-glucosamine-methylsulfonylmethane/

... including our chondroitin, glucosamine and MSM products which help to support people suffering from arthritis. ...

https://www.hollandandbarrett.com/shop/brands/animology/vitamins-supplements/supplements/chondroitin-msm/

Glucosamine and Chondroitin. Ask and answer questions, discuss research and applications. Moderators: Ironman, Jungledoc, ... I was wondering if anyone has any experience good or bad with glucosamine and chondroitin. Im been to experiencing some post- ...

https://exrx.net/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=4344

CYCLOSPORINE/CHONDROITIN PF (cyclosporine/chondroitin sulfate pf) emulsion. NDC Code(s): 71384-514-05 *Packager: Imprimis NJOF ... CYCLOSPORINE/CHONDROITIN SULFATE PF emulsion. NDC Code(s): 70261-514-05 *Packager: ImprimisRx NJ ... SYNOQUIN EFA (glucosomine, chondroitin sulphate, dexahan, ascorbic acid, zinc sulfate) tablet. *This is an animal drug. ... THERAFLEX GLUCOSAMINE PLUS MAX (d-glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate sodium1) capsule. NDC Code(s): 61841-055-12, ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=CHONDROITIN

Chondroitin retains moisture in the joints, which allows for greater flexibility and resilience. ... Chondroitin (60 Caps). Chondroitin (60 Caps). Stock No. 1811 Looking for a way to keep joints healthy? Chondroitin retains ... The body produces chondroitin, but that production decreases as we age. Chondroitin is found in foods, but usually only in ... Chondroitin helps bond connective tissue to maintain strength and inhibits enzymes that can deplete cartilage nutrition. It ...

https://www.naturessunshine.com/us/product/chondroitin-60-caps/1811/?language=en

glucosamine chondroitin synonyms, glucosamine chondroitin pronunciation, glucosamine chondroitin translation, English ... n. A combination of glucosamine and chondroitin used as an over-the-counter dietary supplement to treat joint pain in ... Related to glucosamine chondroitin: Glucosamine sulfate. glucosamine chondroitin. n.. A combination of glucosamine and ... I have been taking a glucosamine chondroitin combination for a long time, so naturally I was concerned.. Glucosamine coming out ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/glucosamine+chondroitin

Researchers publishing in the medical journal Molecular Cell are raising concerns that chondroitin sulfate may encourage the ... Can chondroitin increase melanoma risk?. Researchers publishing in the medical journal Molecular Cell are raising concerns that ... Chondroitin sulfate is among the most popular supplements in the world. Its often taken in combination with glucosamine for ... But if chondroitin sulfate may promote melanoma growth - and its not clear that this supplement is particularly helpful anyway ...

http://www.sun-sentinel.com/florida-jewish-journal/health/fl-jj-chondroitin-melanoma-supplement-20180912-story,amp.html

Chondroitin with MSM. Is Your Dog in Constant Pain ?. Glucosamine Hydrochloride (bovine). Joint Health for Dogs. Dogs Love the ... Glucosamine Chondroitin for Dogs Indiana Dog Vitamins & Supplements,. *Solgar Glucosamine Chondroitin Msm Indiana Vitamin & ... Glucosamine Chondroitin Msm Capsules Indiana Vitamin & Mineral Health Supplements,. *Kirkland Glucosamine Chondroitin Indiana ... Glucosamine Chondroitin Triple Strength Indiana Vitamin & Mineral Health Supplements,. *Dog Glucosamine Indiana Dog Vitamins & ...

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Several studies conducted in Europe found that people taking chondroitin sulfate reported less joint pain. Chondroitin sulfate ... Does Chondroitin Really Help?. As there is not a governing body that has evaluated the claims made by supplements the way the ... Some people take chondroitin with the hope that it will relieve joint pain and potentially reverse the damage already caused by ... Glucosamine and chondroitin are two substances that occur naturally in the body. While glucosamine stimulates the repair and ...

http://www.articleinsider.com/health-and-fitness/supplements/chondroitin

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https://www.iherb.com/qna/mrm-glucosamine-chondroitin-180-capsules/7021/q/b8cd5c7d-2726-463d-9328-d3e3985e6e97

Joint health nutrient chondroitin varies greatly in safety and efficacy depending on its source and therefore needs greater ... chondroitin-4-sulfate (26%-70%); chondroitin-6-sulfate (23%-63%); chondroitin-2,6-disulfate (0%-13%) and chondroitin-4,6- ... Related tags: Chondroitin sulfate, Dietary supplement, European union Joint health nutrient chondroitin varies greatly in ... In a review backed by Spanish chondroitin sulfate supplier Bioiberica, Johanne Martel-Pelletier and colleagues said chondroitin ...

https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2015/07/10/Chondroitin-needs-pharma-style-control-Review

Find treatment reviews for Chondroitin sulfate from other patients. Learn from their experiences about effectiveness, side ...

https://www.patientslikeme.com/treatment/chondroitin-sulfate

Pharmaceutical-grade Chondroitin sulfate is as effective as celecoxib and superior to placebo in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: the ChONdroitin v. (nih.gov)
Chondroitin sulfate 800 mg/day (CS) pharmaceutical-grade in the management of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis consistent with the European Medicines Agency guideline. (nih.gov)
As a supplement in higher doses than is found naturally, chondroitin is a popular treatment for osteoarthritis. (webmd.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is used for osteoarthritis and cataracts. (medlineplus.gov)
Taking chondroitin sulfate by mouth seems to provide some relief from osteoarthritis pain and improve function. (medlineplus.gov)
Glucosamine and chondroitin are popular supplements used to treat osteoarthritis (OA). (arthritis.org)
The most comprehensive long-term study-the Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial (GAIT)-compared the combination of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin, both supplements individually, celecoxib (Celebrex) and a placebo (inactive pill) in nearly 1,600 people with knee osteoarthritis. (arthritis.org)
If you look at the totality of the evidence for glucosamine and chondroitin for osteoarthritis of the knee, it's very strong. (arthritis.org)
In the US, Chondroitin (chondroitin systemic) is a member of the drug class nutraceutical products and is used to treat Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis . (drugs.com)
BERN, Switzerland, April 17 (UPI) -- A European meta-analysis found that chondroitin, a dietary supplement used to treat osteoarthritis, is ineffective but not harmful. (upi.com)
Types include: Chondroitin sulfate Dermatan sulfate Chondroitin as a supplement is now commonly used in treating the joint disease of osteoarthritis as well as glucosamine. (wikipedia.org)
Along with glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate has become a widely used dietary supplement for treatment of osteoarthritis. (wikipedia.org)
Chondroitin is used in dietary supplements as an alternative medicine to treat osteoarthritis. (wikipedia.org)
Chondroitin, along with commonly used glucosamine, should not be used to treat people who have symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee as evidence shows that these treatments fail to provide relief for that condition. (wikipedia.org)
The effect of chondroitin sulfate in people with osteoarthritis is likely the result of a number of reactions including its anti-inflammatory activity, the stimulation of the synthesis of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid, and the decrease in catabolic activity of chondrocytes, inhibiting the synthesis of proteolytic enzymes, nitric oxide, and other substances that contribute to damage the cartilage matrix and cause death of articular chondrocytes. (wikipedia.org)
A recent review summarizes data from relevant reports describing the biochemical basis of the effect of chondroitin sulfate on osteoarthritis articular tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Multiple doses of 800 mg in people with osteoarthritis do not alter the kinetics of chondroitin sulfate. (wikipedia.org)
Newswise - SAN FRANCISCO- For the first time, chondroitin sulfate has been more successful than celecoxib in reducing the long-term progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), according to new research findings presented this week at the American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting in San Francisco. (newswise.com)
A combination of glucosamine and chondroitin used as an over-the-counter dietary supplement to treat joint pain in osteoarthritis. (thefreedictionary.com)
Some people take chondroitin with the hope that it will relieve joint pain and potentially reverse the damage already caused by osteoarthritis. (articleinsider.com)
Chondroitin and glucosamine is a combination product that has been used in alternative medicine as a possibly effective aid in treating osteoarthritis pain. (cigna.com)
Clinical research shows that taking chondroitin sulfate by mouth modestly improves pain and function in some people with osteoarthritis when used for up to 6 months. (webmd.com)
Other research shows that taking chondroitin sulfate for up to 2 years might slow the progression of osteoarthritis. (webmd.com)
Some research shows that taking specific products containing chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine helps reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis . (webmd.com)
Taking chondroitin sulfate plus glucosamine long-term appears to slow the progression of osteoarthritis. (webmd.com)
There is some evidence that a skin cream containing chondroitin sulfate in combination with glucosamine sulfate, shark cartilage, and camphor can reduce osteoarthritis symptoms. (webmd.com)
Explain to patients who ask that in contrast to those with mild pain those who have severe-to-moderate knee pain from osteoarthritis may get some relief from a three-month trial of glucosamine plus chondroitin sulfate, but this finding should be confirmed by another study. (medpagetoday.com)
SALT LAKE CITY, Feb. 22 - Daily doses of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, either alone or in combination, did not significantly reduce mild knee pain from osteoarthritis, compared with placebo, according to researchers here. (medpagetoday.com)
New research shows that chondroitin sulfate significantly decreased pain and improved hand function in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand compared with those in the placebo group. (redorbit.com)
Although hand OA is highly prevalent among adults and can significantly impact the quality of life for suffers, therapeutic options are still limited," said Cem Gabay, M.D., with University Hospitals of Geneva in Switzerland and lead investigation of the Finger osteoArthritis Chondroitin Treatment Study (FACTS). (redorbit.com)
Rising utilization of pharmaceutical grade sodium chondroitin sulfate to cure osteoarthritis is projected to drive industry growth. (prnewswire.com)
Based on the evidence of preliminary double-blind studies , chondroitin is widely used as a treatment for osteoarthritis , the typical arthritis that many people suffer as they get older. (memorialhealth.com)
1-5 Chondroitin (along with glucosamine ) may take the treatment of osteoarthritis to a new level. (memorialhealth.com)
Numerous double-blind studies have found evidence that chondroitin can relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis and possibly also slow the progression of the disease. (memorialhealth.com)
Many but not all double-blind, placebo-controlled studies indicate that chondroitin can relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis. (memorialhealth.com)
Many people take glucosamine and chondroitin, alone or together, for osteoarthritis. (stlukesonline.org)
But an analysis of studies looking at glucosamine or chondroitin for osteoarthritis in the hip or knee did not show that these supplements slow joint destruction or relieve pain. (stlukesonline.org)
2010). Effects of glucosamine, chondroitin, or placebo in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: Network meta-analysis. (stlukesonline.org)
Only patients who have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis by a health professional and have had other possible causes for their back pain ruled out are candidates for glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplements. (spine-health.com)
However, the lack of more effective traditional medical treatments for osteoarthritis and the low incidence of side effects from glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate present the nutritional supplements as a viable treatment alternative for some patients with osteoarthritis. (spine-health.com)
Combined with other osteoarthritis treatments (as deemed appropriate by a physician), taking glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate dietary supplements may help some patients attain optimal levels of relief from osteoarthritis-related joint pain. (spine-health.com)
A combination of glucosamine, chondroitin and quercetin significantly improve the symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. (greenmedinfo.com)
Glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate has therapeutic activity in dogs with osteoarthritis. (greenmedinfo.com)
Chondroitin Sulfate CAS No.9007-28-7, HS code300190 is a organic compound manufactured through chemical synthesis, available as White to off-white Powder used along with glucosamine as dietary supplement for treatment of osteoarthritis. (apsense.com)
The study suggests that there is no point in starting patients on chondroitin, said Dr. David Felson, an osteoarthritis researcher at Boston University who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. (preparedfoods.com)
Chondroitin is best known to the general public as a remedy for osteoarthritis, which is a form of arthritis caused by wearing away or degeneration of the cartilage that cushions the ends of bones. (arthritis-symptom.com)
Several randomized double-blind studies of chondroitin in osteoarthritis patients were conducted in France and Italy in 1998. (arthritis-symptom.com)
When chondroitin is used together with glucosamine as a treatment for osteoarthritis, the daily dosage is based on the patient's weight. (arthritis-symptom.com)
A recent study at the University of Montreal, however, failed to demonstrate a significant benefit of a chondroitin nutraceutical on gait in 71 dogs with osteoarthritis over 60 days. (vcahospitals.com)
Published last year , the Cochrane Review pooled data from 43 clinical trials including 9,110 people receiving chondroitin sulfate (CS) supplements indicated that, not only did the supplement produce 'small to moderate' benefits for people with osteoarthritis, but the risk of adverse events was also lower than in the control groups. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Chondroitin sulfate supplements have become popular as natural treatment of osteoarthritis because combined with glucosamine it has been shown to be very effective. (earthturns.com)
Supplementation with glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin, both natural components of healthy cartilage, has long been advocated by natural health practitioners as an effective therapy for osteoarthritis. (yourhealthbase.com)
The researchers conclude that daily oral supplementation with glucosamine sulfate slows the degenerative process of joint cartilage and that oral supplementation with glucosamine or chondroitin significantly decreases the symptoms (pain and joint immobility) in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. (yourhealthbase.com)
Structural and symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee osteoarthritis. (yourhealthbase.com)
Relieve joint pain associated with osteoarthritis and protect against cartilage deterioration, courtesy of Natural Factors' Glucosamine & Chondroitin Sulfate. (communitynaturalfoods.com)

Chondroitin sulphate player Synutra pledged to clean up the ingredient's reputation by raising awareness of simple adulteration tests - something it says it does already. (nutraingredients.com)
99% purity pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulphate is readily available, as are inferior quality products with just 80% purity. (nutraingredients.com)
Chondroitin is actually chondroitin sulphate and is one of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). (ehow.co.uk)
Molecules of chondroitin sulphate blend with proteins to make proteoglycans. (ehow.co.uk)
Bladder-injected chondroitin sulphate was shown to have a clinically significant positive effect in the treatment interstitial cystitis. (greenmedinfo.com)
Chondroitin Sulphate - it is highly hygroscopic and thus promotes joint lubrication by attracting fluids to the joints. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
Commercially available forms of chondroitin sulphate include bovine cartilage and shark cartilage. (vcahospitals.com)
All Verified chondroitin sulphate chicken suppliers & chondroitin sulphate chicken manufacturers have passed our Business License Check, they can provide quality chondroitin sulphate chicken products. (opencroquet.org)
Chondroitin Sulphate Sodium, chicken cartilage source Introduction CAS No. 9007-28-7 EINECS No. 232-696-9 Molecular Formula: (C14H21NO14S)n Assay: 90%,95% Chondroitin sulfate Appearance: White to off white powder Grade: Pharmaceutical and food Chondroitin . (opencroquet.org)
Chondroitin sulphate is rich in sulphur and is related to Glucosamine. (opencroquet.org)
Chondroitin sulphate is been widely used in combination with Glucosamine as nutraceutical supplements for joint disorders. (opencroquet.org)
Chondroitin Sulphate is produced. (opencroquet.org)
Sulphate Bovine Chondroitin Sulphate Porcine Chondroitin Sulphate Chicken Chondroitin Sulphate Shark Calcium Chondroitin Sulphate ChPS LMChS ChS Organic Acid Ester Chondroitin Sulfate(HALAL) Chondroitin sulphate sodium (from Shark, Bovine, Porcine, Chicken . (opencroquet.org)
90% by HPLC Low Molecular weight Chondroitin Sulphate . (opencroquet.org)
Chondroitin Sulphate /9007-28-7 CAS：9007-28-7 Chondroitin Sulphate is a glycosaminoglycan extracted from bovine, porcine, chicken cartilage. (opencroquet.org)
chondroitin sulfate is composed of chondroitin sulphate A, C and various chondroitin sulfate. (opencroquet.org)
Usually, shark cartilage contains mainly chondroitin -6- sulphate . (opencroquet.org)

Glucosamine and chondroitin are natural compounds found in healthy cartilage -- the connective tissue that cushions joints. (arthritis.org)
European researchers compared studies looking at glucosamine and chondroitin alone and in combination with placebo pills and found that there was no discernable difference or changes in the joints. (philly.com)
Chondroitin is a natural chemical that is present in cartilage, a substance that insulates joints throughout the body. (cvs.com)
In the body, glucosamine and chondroitin are needed for healthy joints. (cvs.com)
Chondroitin helps maintain the structural integrity of this tissue and promotes lubricating fluids for the joints. (walgreens.com)
However, only chondroitin sulfate was found to be capable of slowing down the progression of the disease by reducing the loss of cartilage," Dr. Pelletier remarks, while also noting further studies to establish the effect of chondroitin in other joints could be of interest. (newswise.com)
Chondroitin retains moisture in the joints, which allows for greater flexibility and resilience. (naturessunshine.com)
Chondroitin is believed to help the body maintain fluid and flexibility in the joints. (cigna.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is a chemical that is normally found in cartilage around joints in the body. (webmd.com)
Both chondroitin and glucosamine are components of cartilage and are used by the body to lay down healthy tissue inside joints, according to WebMD. (reference.com)
Glucosamine, chondroitin and methyl sulfonylmethane (MSM) is used to maintain healthy joints, while stimulating cartilage production, according to Drugs.co. (reference.com)
There is some evidence that chondroitin might go beyond treating symptoms and actually protect joints from damage. (memorialhealth.com)
Glucosamine chondroitin MSM is a nutritive option which may provide support to joints and connective tissues. (ehow.co.uk)
Chondroitin supplements appear to increase the hyaluronic acid, an important part of the synovial fluid which is what lubricates joints. (ehow.co.uk)
Glucosamine chondroitin MSM improves the consistency of the synovial or lubricating fluid in joints. (ehow.co.uk)
April 17/Los Angeles Times -- Chondroitin, a dietary supplement widely used for treating arthritic joints, is no better than a placebo for reducing pain, researchers reported Monday. (preparedfoods.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is a compound found in cartilage that is believed to help make joints more elastic. (preparedfoods.com)
According to the manufacturers, CVS Glucosamine Chondroitin supplies joints and connective tissue with necessary nutrients needed to recover from the damaged caused by aging. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
Glucosamine and chondroitin along with collagen protein are natural components of joints, cartilage and connective tissue. (sponser.ch)
Chondroitin Sulfate & Glucosamine Sulfate Capsules are a combination of chondroitin and glucosamine, two powerful nutrients that help to promote optimum support for joints and cartilage function, strength and mobility. (herbalremedies.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is one of the most abundant components of articular cartilage, a key component for healthy joints. (herbalremedies.com)
Liquid Glucosamine, Chondroitin, MSM Joint Support Supplement is a potent formula loaded with nutrients that help to provide nutritional support for joints and connective tissue. (herbalremedies.com)
Best Glucosamine/Chondroitin/MSM is a potent combination of three proven, purified ingredients that help the body manufacture proteoglycans in healthy joints. (netrition.com)
GLUCOSAMINE CHONDROITIN COMPLEX WITH MSM provides the same amounts of chondroitin and glucosamine shown in recent research to support healthy joints, along with MSM, vitamin C, and molybdenum- for a more powerful product. (vitanetonline.com)
Many trials have shown that supplementing with chondroitin sulfate reduces pain, increases joint mobility, and promotes healing within the joints. (peacehealth.org)
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major component of the lining of joints. (peacehealth.org)
Glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate may both play a role in wound healing by providing the raw material needed by the body to manufacture connective tissue found in skin, tendons, ligaments, and joints. (peacehealth.org)
Chondroitin serves as a catalyst for processes in cartilaginous tissue, improves sulfur absorption, thereby improving joints recovery and regeneration. (rxmed.com)
Given Chondroitin properties, this drug is indispensable in treatment of any problems associated with damage or joints inflammation, cartilage tissue or ligaments. (rxmed.com)
Another property of Chondroitin is absorption of enzymes that adversely affect joints and ligaments. (rxmed.com)
In fact, all medicines in one way or another intended for treatment of joints, spine, ligaments, mechanical muscle damage contain Chondroitin in one form or another. (rxmed.com)
Chondroitin holds water and encourages nutrient flow around joints, which is important for overall joint health. (bodybuilding.com)
Since cartilage does not receive any blood flow from the body, maintaining optimum cartilage health with Chondroitin can help you see benefits for your joints. (bodybuilding.com)
If you participate in high intensity activity with stress placed on your joints, Chondroitin is a good addition to your supplement stack. (bodybuilding.com)
Biochem ® Glucosamine Chondroitin Formula 60 caps is a dietary supplement containing regulated levels of Glucosamine and Chondroitin to nourish the connective tissues of the joints, tendons, ligaments, skin, blood vessels and the mucous membrane. (astronutrition.com)
Repair damaged joints and promote joint fucntion and health with Glucosamine + Chondroitin! (illpumpyouup.com)
Chondroitin is a major component of cartilage, which helps to cushion your joints, as well keeping cartilage hydrated by absorbing water. (illpumpyouup.com)

Each package contains 90 chondroitin capsules to support your daily diet. (bodybuilding4you.co.uk)
EP Pharma Grade Bovine Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium with 95% Purity for Oral Pharmaceutical Tablet or Capsules Our company produce and supply EP grade Bovine Chondroitin sulfate sodium for pharmaceutical companies to produce oral pharma. (opencroquet.org)
Jarrow FORMULAS Glucosamine + Chondroitin Combination provide 1500mg Glucosamine to 1200mg Chondroitin and come in 120 or 240 capsules. (illpumpyouup.com)

Understanding the functions of such diversity in chondroitin sulfate and related glycosaminoglycans is a major goal of glycobiology . (bionity.com)
No adverse effect on glucose (blood sugar) regulation in diabetics has been identified, despite the content of glucose in glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin. (vcahospitals.com)
grade chondroitin sulfate powder CAS No.9007-28-7 Chondroitin sulfate Introduction Chondroitin sulfate (CS) other name is chondroitin polysulfate is a class of glycosaminoglycans covalently linked to proteins to form proteoglycans. (opencroquet.org)
Chondroitin sulfate consists of repeating chains of molecules called glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). (peacehealth.org)
Chondroitin is a complex substance, a polysaccharide belonging to the class of glycosaminoglycans (they are also called proteoglycans). (rxmed.com)

Another study analysing chondroitin sulfate content found levels were to reference for bovine, porcine and chicken but above for fish (skate and shark). (nutraingredients.com)
Chondroitin can come from natural sources, such as shark or bovine cartilage, or it can be made in a lab. (stlukesonline.org)
This chondroitin is manufactured using fish cartilage (shark) vs bovine cartilage. (greyhoundgang.org)
grade Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium 90% Purity Extracted From Bovine CartilagesGMP Manufacturer Jiaxing Hengjie Biopharmaceutical Co.,ltd. is a GMP Manufacturer of chondroitin sulfate sodium extracted from Bovine cartilages. (opencroquet.org)
We supply food grade Chondroitin sulfate sodium salt, bovine porcine chicken source. (opencroquet.org)
Chondroitin sulfate is an glycosaminoglycan extracted from porcine, bovine, chicken and shark cartilage. (fuzing.com)

Chondroitin is a substance that occurs naturally in the connective tissues of people and animals. (webmd.com)
Chondroitin helps bond connective tissue to maintain strength and inhibits enzymes that can deplete cartilage nutrition. (naturessunshine.com)
Chondroitin is a component of the tough connective tissue that give them their durability. (hollandandbarrett.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is the major glycosaminoglycan contained in antler connective tissue and has been isolated from cartilaginous antler by 4 M GuHCl extraction, gradient ultracentrifugation and chromatography techniques. (nih.gov)
n D3 per servingProvides nutritional support for cartilage and connective tissuePromotes joint and comfort healthContains no gluten, yeast, wheat, milk, or milk derivatives or lactoseNo sugar, soy, preservatives or artificial flavorsRecommended for adults onlyContains crustacean shellfish (shrimp, crayfish, lobster and crab)Glucosamine chondroitin supplement is suitable for daily intakeCoated capletsCompare to Osteo Bi-flex Triple Strength + DThis statement has not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. (shape.com)
Both glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate provide an additional source of sulfur, a mineral that is important for healthy connective tissue. (vitanetonline.com)

You can buy glucosamine and chondroitin individually, but most often they're sold together in a single supplement. (arthritis.org)
If your doctor has recommended that you add a glucosamine or chondroitin supplement to your diet, CVS is here to help. (cvs.com)
Before adding a glucosamine or chondroitin supplement to your diet, be sure to talk to your medical provider. (cvs.com)
Chondroitin/Glucosamine/Methylsulfonylmethane - I am new to this supplement. (drugs.com)
Some studies indicate that dietary supplements, such as those containing glucosamine chondroitin MSM and turmeric, may help people with RA manage their symptoms and may serve as beneficial additions to conventional RA treatments," says Michelle O'Sullivan, spokesperson at VitaBreeze supplement company. (thefreedictionary.com)
One review of the evidence suggested that of the few studies of chondroitin that were positive, nearly all were funded by makers of the supplement. (sun-sentinel.com)
But if chondroitin sulfate may promote melanoma growth - and it's not clear that this supplement is particularly helpful anyway - I'd advise against its use, at least until we know more. (sun-sentinel.com)
One US study found chondroitin content varied by between 10% and 110% from stated label content in food supplement products. (nutraingredients.com)
Chondroitin and glucosamine is often sold as an herbal supplement. (cigna.com)
Calcium/mineral supplement with glucosamine and chondroitin. (seniormag.com)
in the U.S. chondroitin sulfate is sold as a supplement and often paired with glucosamine. (redorbit.com)
Chondroitin has also been proposed as a treatment for other conditions, such as atherosclerosis , interstitial cystitis , and high cholesterol , but as yet the evidence that the supplement might help is far too weak to rely upon at all. (memorialhealth.com)
Finally, it is important to reiterate that both glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate nutritional supplements are not subject to the same strict regulations and FDA oversight as are other types of medications, so both the quality and the content/ingredients of the supplement capsule may vary between brands. (spine-health.com)
Now you can get two of our most popular supplement ingredients together in this 60-caplet bottle of Maximum Strength Glucosamine & Chondroitin. (hollandandbarrett.com)
Chondroitin Sulfate is a mineral supplement widely used as nutritional supplements in food production. (apsense.com)
Chondroitin Sulfate is accepted as safe food nutritional supplement in many food products. (apsense.com)
Do you ever give a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement to geese? (backyardchickens.com)
I am wondering if you can give a goose a glucosamine/chondroitin supplement, because if you can safely do that it would probably help him. (backyardchickens.com)
But because there are no serious side effects from the supplement, "If patients say they benefit from chondroitin, I see no harm in encouraging them to continue taking it," he wrote. (preparedfoods.com)
Andrew Shao, a nutrition scientist with the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a Washington-based trade group for supplement makers, said the study was too narrow because it focused on three trials and excluded glucosamine, which may have dampened the effectiveness of chondroitin. (preparedfoods.com)
Chondroitin is a natural powder supplement for arthritic help and joint inflammation. (greyhoundgang.org)
CVS Glucosamine Chondroitin is a dietary joint supplement that combines three of the most sort after joint and cartilage ingredients. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
CVS Glucosamine Chondroitin is a dietary supplement made using three of the most sort after ingredients in the market. (jointhealthmagazine.com)
Chondroitin supplement supports for joint tissues. (vitasprings.com)
FlexMax Glucosamine Chondroitin Sulfate combines the two most popular supplements for joint health in a low sodium supplement enhanced with proprietary StomachGuard technology, which regulates and cushions the release of Glucosamine, and shields against potential stomach irritation. (herbalremedies.com)
Chondroitin Sulfate Powder Nutriebnt Supplement Powder Product Name Chondroitin Sulfate Molecular Formula (C14H21NO14S)n CAS No 9007-28-7 Appearance White to off white powder Specification 85%-98% Applications of Chondroitin Sulfate powder: 1. (opencroquet.org)
Glucosamine chondroitin is a popular combination supplement for joint pain, but its effect remains controversial. (livestrong.com)
Glucosamine chondroitin is a popular supplement for joint pain. (livestrong.com)
If you are suffering from joint pain and prefer to try a supplement, glucosamine and chondroitin may work for you. (livestrong.com)
If you want to start supplementing your diet with joint support products, Chondroitin should be part of your supplement protocol. (bodybuilding.com)
Chondroitin is a superstar supplement for joint support. (bodybuilding.com)
Since Chondroitin promotes the movement of nutrients and water across cartilage tissue, this supplement is a perfect choice for joint support. (bodybuilding.com)
Biochem Glucosamine Chondroitin Formula 60 caps is the ultimate dietary supplement that uses the premium blend of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate. (astronutrition.com)

Juni's team looked at the effect of chondroitin without glucosamine. (preparedfoods.com)
Several double blind placebo-controlled studies in humans demonstrate a beneficial effect of chondroitin in the management of pain associated with arthritis. (vcahospitals.com)

Twenty studies that compared chondroitin to placebo or no treatment were examined, and the researchers found that chondroitin had little effect on knee or hip pain caused by arthritis, according to the meta-analysis published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. (upi.com)
In a 6 year double blind placebo controlled study involving 60 test subjects, the chondroitin sulfate group showed a 350% reduction in fatal heart attacks compared to the control group. (wikipedia.org)
Patients were randomized to 1,500 mg of glucosamine hydrocholoride, 1,200 mg of chondroitin sulfate, both glucosamine and chondroitin, 200 mg of Celebrex, or placebo for 24 weeks. (medpagetoday.com)
Participants received either 800 mg of chondroitin sulfate (80 patients) or placebo (82 patients) once daily for 6 months. (redorbit.com)
Results showed that patients in the chondroitin sulfate group had significant decrease in global hand pain compared with the placebo group, reflecting an 8.7 decrease on the VAS. (redorbit.com)
Researchers also reported significantly improved hand function and reduction in morning stiffness for participants taking chondroitin sulfate versus placebo. (redorbit.com)
9 Participants received either 400 mg of chondroitin sulfate twice daily or placebo. (memorialhealth.com)
At the end of the trial, doctors rated the improvement as good or very good in 69% of those taking chondroitin sulfate, but in only 32% of those taking placebo. (memorialhealth.com)
They found virtually no difference in pain reduction between the chondroitin and placebo groups. (preparedfoods.com)
Research: Researchers performed an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 622 patients with knee OA were randomly assigned to receive either 800 mg of chondroitin sulfate (n = 309 patients) or placebo (n = 313 patients) once daily for 2 years. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
Research: The Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention (GAIT) study involved nearly 1600 OA patients, who were given a placebo or daily doses of 1500 mg of glucosamine hydrochloride and/or 1200 mg of chondroitin sulfate or 200 mg of the common prescription pain medication celecoxib (Celebrex). (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
The Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Trial concluded that overall patients did not experience significant pain relief with either glucosamine, chondroitin or the combination over placebo. (livestrong.com)
Numerous double-blind, placebo- controlled studies have examined the positive effects of oral administration of 1,500 mg of glucosamine sulfate- the amount in one daily use of GLUCOSAMINE CHONDROITIN COMPLEX WITH MSM. (vitanetonline.com)
Belgian medical researchers have just released the results of a meta-analysis of 15 randomized, placebo-controlled studies involving 1020 patients treated with glucosamine and 755 treated with chondroitin. (yourhealthbase.com)

Additionally, CVS Glucosamine Chondroitin supports the synthesization of collagen. (jointhealthmagazine.com)

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are the major axon inhibitory matrix component that is increased within the lesion scar and in perineuronal nets around deafferented neurons. (rutgers.edu)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Following spinal cord injury, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) upregulate and potently inhibit axon regeneration and functional recovery. (rutgers.edu)
The structure of this matrix is unusual and uniquely enriched in chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, particularly those of the lectican family. (nih.gov)
We found that a developmental increase in the 4-sulfation/6-sulfation (4S/6S) ratio of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which are components of the brain extracellular matrix, leads to the termination of the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the mouse visual cortex. (nih.gov)
Proteoglycans in bladder tumors are modified with a distinct oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS) glycosaminoglycan that is normally restricted to placental trophoblast cells. (nature.com)
Chondroitin Sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) linked to specific proteoglycans (CSPGs) present in the cell membranes, or secreted into the extracellular matrix and bodily fluids 6 . (nature.com)

Chondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetylgalactosamine and glucuronic acid). (wikipedia.org)
Chondroitin sulfate is the major glycosaminoglycan (GAGS - see separate article found in this series) found in cartilage. (vcahospitals.com)
High Assay 95% Chondroitin Sulfate With Best Quality From Shark Chondroitin Sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan extracted from shark cartilage. (opencroquet.org)
Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium is the sodium salt of the sulfated linear glycosaminoglycan. (opencroquet.org)
Chondroitin sulfate is an glycosaminoglycan extracted from porcine. (fuzing.com)
The antibody has been reported to be specific for the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) portion of native chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). (abcam.com)

Among its offerings is a Joint Health Kit, which consists of Glucosamine Chondroitin and MSM tablets, and MSM with Glucosamine Creme, a topical formula. (thefreedictionary.com)
Stock-up on your Glucosamine and Chondroitin tablets at Holland & Barrett today with our Max Strength Glucosamine & Chondroitin 60 Caplets. (hollandandbarrett.com)

Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate is a derivative of a natural mucopolysaccharide. (ewg.org)
Show all 129 recent products that contain SODIUM CHONDROITIN SULFATE. (ewg.org)
Challenges faced by the industry include adulteration of sodium chondroitin sulfate and the introduction of new joint health ingredients. (prnewswire.com)
The U.S., Germany , the U.K., Japan , and Brazil , among other countries, are the major potential markets for pharmaceutical as well as nutraceutical grade sodium chondroitin sulfate. (prnewswire.com)

Sustained release glucosamine 500mg/Chondroitin 200mg. (seniormag.com)

An injectable solution containing chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate is approved by the FDA to protect the eye during cataract surgery. (medlineplus.gov)
Many different products containing chondroitin sulfate and sodium hyaluronate have been reviewed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use during cataract surgery. (webmd.com)

If patients say that they benefit from chondroitin, I see no harm in encouraging them to continue taking it as long as they perceive a benefit. (upi.com)
Because several smaller studies had shown an improvement for low-grade sufferers, Juni acknowledged that some patients could benefit from chondroitin. (preparedfoods.com)
some dogs and cats may appreciably benefit from chondroitin administration and others not at all. (vcahospitals.com)
How can my pet benefit from chondroitin? (vcahospitals.com)

Research has been conducted to show the effectiveness of chondroitin and results indicate that it helps to manage pain in knee and hip, slow down the progression and also recovery. (wikipedia.org)
After the initial evaluation, the researchers followed up with participants again at one and two years to look at a number of factors that would indicate the effectiveness of chondroitin. (newswise.com)

Although studies on glucosamine and chondroitin have been mixed, some evidence suggests they may help relieve OA joint pain and stiffness. (arthritis.org)
Medical providers may recommend glucosamine and chondroitin supplements for general joint health. (cvs.com)
You can also find products that include glucosamine and chondroitin plus other substances believed to contribute to joint health, such as vitamin D3 and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM). (cvs.com)
Commodity glucosamine and chondroitin supplements generally dominate the joint health marketplace, though according to Euromonitor International the glucosamine market has flagged in recent years - with a global value of $1.823 billion (€1.33 billion) in 2013, down from its $1.895 (€1.38 billion) value back in 2009. (nutraingredients.com)
Glucosamine and chondroitin are good for digestive problems, skin wounds and joint disorders. (vetinfo.com)
Younger dogs who have undergone joint surgery or spinal surgery may also benefit from short term use of glucosamine and chondroitin. (vetinfo.com)
Several studies conducted in Europe found that people taking chondroitin sulfate reported less joint pain. (articleinsider.com)
Joint health nutrient chondroitin varies greatly in safety and efficacy depending on its source and therefore needs greater regulation and standardisation, Canadian and Spanish researchers have said. (nutraingredients.com)
The supplements glucosamine and chondroitin claim to ease joint pain, but Consumer Reports analysis of the medical literature finds they're not likely to help and can pose risks. (consumerreports.org)
VitaPurity Joint Recovery Formula's exclusive blend of glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine HCL and chondroitin sulfate provide proven arthritis and joint pain relief. (seniormag.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is a naturally occurring molecule and a main component of joint cartilage. (redorbit.com)
Although scientists speculate they have a stimulatory effect on cartilage formation, the Glucosamine/Chondroitin Arthritis Intervention Study found the supplements to have no effect on joint pain. (reference.com)
The European studies demonstrated that oral as well as injected chondroitin helps to increase joint mobility and reduce pain. (arthritis-symptom.com)
Like glucosamine, with which it is often combined in supplements, chondroitin may also inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators that are destructive to the joint. (vcahospitals.com)
Any pet with degenerative joint disease and arthritis may benefit from treatment with chondroitin. (vcahospitals.com)
Given the potential for benefit and the extremely low risk of any adverse side effects, chondroitin supplementation is always recommended for animals with joint pain. (vcahospitals.com)
Liquid Glucosamine & Chondroitin with MSM combines three of the most effective nutrients available today for supporting good joint health in an easily absorbed liquid form. (herbalremedies.com)
The GAIT team will also continue its research with a smaller study to see whether glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate can alter the progression of OA, such as delaying the narrowing of the joint spaces. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine are essential components of joint tissue and essential for the production of hyaluronic acid (HA). (jarrow.com)
Another issue for the category is that many companies continue to avoid clear disclosure of chondroitin sulfate amounts used in their proprietary blends, said Zhang, and more are using botanicals with anti-inflammatory activities to achieve temporary pain relief in lieu of joint structure and function ingredient like chondroitin. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
"It is noteworthy that this declining trend of CS supply continued despite the joint health market has been on an upswing and as compelling research continue to support chondroitin efficacy and safety," he said. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
"It is my understanding most of larger brand-owners of joint health supplements are aware of the importance of running CAME alongside CPC titration in qualifying chondroitin sulfate materials," said Zhang. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is also a naturally occurring chemical found in the joint cartilage in our bodies. (livestrong.com)
Are alternatives to glucosamine & chondroitin driving the joint health market? (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Doctor's Best Glucosamine/Chondroitin/MSM featuring OptiMSM supports joint structure, function and comfort. (netrition.com)
Source Naturals is proud to offer one of the first products in the health food market to combine today's most popular joint support nutrients: glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and MSM. (vitanetonline.com)
Now you can enjoy the benefits of today's hottest joint nutrients-glucosamine, chondroitin and MSM-all in one formula. (vitanetonline.com)
A unique property of Chondroitin is that it is capable of retaining water in joint and cartilage tissues, thereby increasing their elasticity. (rxmed.com)
By taking Chondroitin regularly you can ensure that you've got a good foundation for joint support. (bodybuilding.com)
Anyone who is concerned with joint health can consider using Chondroitin. (bodybuilding.com)
Jarrow Formulas Glucosamine + Chondroitin provide effective doses of two important compounds for joint lubrication and joint health. (illpumpyouup.com)
It's hard to combat deterioration once it occurs, there are, however, nutrients that can make a noticeable difference in joint health and function: Glucosamine and Chondroitin are the two most effective. (illpumpyouup.com)

203 of 317 patients in the glucosamine group reduced WOMAC pain score by 20% (P=0.30) and 208 of 318 patients in the chondroitin sulfate arm posted 20% reductions in pain scores (P=0.17). (medpagetoday.com)

Chondroitin sulfate is a chemical found in human and animal cartilage. (medlineplus.gov)
Some have suggested that glucosamine's coupling with chondroitin sulfate - extracted from animal cartilage - has been detrimental. (nutraingredients.com)
Animal cartilage is the only dietary source of chondroitin. (memorialhealth.com)
Chondroitin is a substance found in human and animal cartilage that is used to treat several physical disorders, most importantly arthritis, psoriasis, and cancer. (arthritis-symptom.com)
Animal cartilage is the only dietary source of chondroitin, although it can be synthesized from its glucosamine precursor. (vcahospitals.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is extracted from animal cartilage. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Supplemental Chondroitin is made from animal cartilage - shark and cow cartilage are examples. (bodybuilding.com)

Chondroitin sulfate is given together with glucosamine, a building block of GAGs. (arthritis-symptom.com)

The cartilage proteoglycan synthesis can speed up as chondroitin is going through the pathway of the alimentary canal. (wikipedia.org)
2003). Axonal regeneration through regions of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. (rutgers.edu)
Monoclonal Anti-Chondroitin Sulfate can be used to study chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) distribution and its relationships to specific cell-substrate contacts. (abcam.com)
Your search returned 79 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 ELISA ELISA Kit across 13 suppliers. (biocompare.com)

In a review backed by Spanish chondroitin sulfate supplier Bioiberica, Johanne Martel-Pelletier and colleagues said chondroitin intended for nutraceutical applications required pharma-style market control measures to assure quality. (nutraingredients.com)

Chondroitin sulfate B" is an old name for dermatan sulfate, and is no longer classified as a form of chondroitin sulfate. (bionity.com)
Bladder cancer, like most other solid tumors, expresses a distinct form of chondroitin sulfate (CS), normally restricted to the placenta 8 . (nature.com)

Some early studies suggest that a specific eye solution containing chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronate (Viscoat, Alcon Laboratories) can decrease pressure in the eye and improve overall eye health after a cataract is removed. (webmd.com)

The first phase of GAIT, published in 2006, found that the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate didn't offer significant relief to participants in general, but it did help a small subgroup of those with moderate-to-severe knee pain. (arthritis.org)
A 2016 multinational study called the MOVES trial found the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin as effective at relieving knee OA pain and swelling as celecoxib, without the side effects. (arthritis.org)
At both one and two years, the researchers found a better reduction of cartilage loss in the whole knee, and more particularly in the inner half, of the participants on chondroitin when compared to those on celecoxib. (newswise.com)
This study demonstrates that both chondroitin sulfate and celecoxib are equally effective at reducing the symptoms of knee OA patients. (newswise.com)
Results: The combination of glucosamine and chondroitin significantly decreased knee pain in OA patients experiencing moderate-to-severe pain. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)

A combination of glucosamine sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate, quercetin and rutin improve symptoms of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. (greenmedinfo.com)

Most chondroitin supplements contain chondroitin sulfate derived from shark or cow cartilage. (cvs.com)
Furthermore, marine chondroitin sulfate chains tend to be longer, with molecular weight of up to 70 kDa in chondroitin sulfate from shark, while in terrestrial animals molecular weight is typically below 45 kDa. (wikipedia.org)
Chondroitin sulfate is usually manufactured from animal sources, such as shark and cow cartilage. (webmd.com)
Studies have been conducted in the United States since 1990 to determine whether chondroitin from shark cartilage can speed up wound healing in psoriasis and related conditions. (arthritis-symptom.com)

Chondroitin sulfate is possibly safe when used together with other ingredients in an eye drop. (medlineplus.gov)
This move to alternate ingredients and using lower than efficacious doses in products is producing a shrinking chondroitin market, and Zhang feels that levels in 2015-16 are lower than in previous years. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
The category is reportedly growing, but established ingredients like glucosamine and chondroitin are declining as consumers look for alternatives. (nutraingredients-usa.com)

The combination of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, curcumin and quercetin was effective in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections. (greenmedinfo.com)

The chondroitin helps to attract and hold fluid within cartilage tissue. (arthritis-symptom.com)
Studies have shown that chondroitin sulfate is a compound that appears to block the enzymes that can destroy essential cartilage tissue. (earthturns.com)
Chondroitin is part of cartilage tissue. (bodybuilding.com)

Chondroitin sulfate is most commonly used by adults in doses of 800-1200 mg per day, for up to 2 years. (medlineplus.gov)
Chondroitin sulfate shows first-order kinetics up to single doses of 3,000 mg. (wikipedia.org)
It's possible that these results aren't relevant to actual people - for example, the doses or metabolism of chondroitin sulfate may be so different in humans (vs. mice) that these results do not apply to humans. (sun-sentinel.com)

And Rexall Sundown is offering several new items in its Osteo-Bi-Flex glucosamine chondroitin brand. (thefreedictionary.com)

In addition, chondroitin works with other nutrients like glucosamine to stimulate the rebuilding and maintenance of cartilage. (naturessunshine.com)
Although glucosamine and chondroitin is present in some foods, it's actually difficult to find these nutrients in your diet. (hollandandbarrett.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is a major constituent of cartilage , providing structure, holding water and nutrients, and allowing other molecules to move through cartilage-an important property, as there is no blood supply to cartilage. (peacehealth.org)

Another theory is that chondroitin blocks the formation of certain enzymes that tumors produce to invade surrounding tissue. (arthritis-symptom.com)
While the theory is that chondroitin supplements can help slow the breakdown of cartilage there is lack of evidence to support this claim. (livestrong.com)

Two natural supplements glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are at the core of this program. (herbalremedies.com)

While these results are promising, Dr. Pelletier would like to point out that the study only used pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin, and results may not be similar for all chondroitin products such as food supplements. (newswise.com)

Why do people take chondroitin? (webmd.com)

However, until more is known, do not take chondroitin sulfate if you have prostate cancer or are at high risk for developing it (you have a brother or father with prostate cancer). (medlineplus.gov)
Patients taking blood-thinning medications or daily aspirin should not take chondroitin sulfate, as it may contribute to bleeding. (spine-health.com)

Chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate are potent inhibitors of HIV. (greenmedinfo.com)

Glucosamine Chondroitin complex from solgar with or thousands of other natural and organic supplements at Mothernature.com. (seniormag.com)
Troo Health Care provide a high grade selection of glucosamine supplements, including a glucosamine chondroitin complex and glucosamine patches. (troohealthcare.com)

I have been taking a glucosamine chondroitin combination for a long time, so naturally I was concerned. (thefreedictionary.com)
Glucosamine and chondroitin are two substances that occur naturally in the body. (articleinsider.com)
Chondroitin is a naturally occurring substance formed of sugar chains. (cigna.com)
Chondroitin sulfate is a naturally occurring substance in the body. (memorialhealth.com)

Anatomy18

Organisms9

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs81

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Distribution of chondroitin sulfate in cartilage proteoglycans under associative conditions. (1/460)

Sulfate incorporation from ascorbate 2-sulfate into chondroitin sulfate by embryonic chick cartilage epiphyses. (2/460)

Chondroitin sulphation patterns in synovial fluid in osteoarthritis subsets. (3/460)

Combined effect of Interceed and 5-fluorouracil on delayed adjustable strabismus surgery. (4/460)

Purification and characterization of fetal bovine serum beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyltransferase and beta-D-glucuronyltransferase involved in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis. (5/460)

Demonstration of glycosaminoglycans in Caenorhabditis elegans. (6/460)

Microanalysis of enzyme digests of hyaluronan and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE). (7/460)

Glycosaminoglycan conformation: do aqueous molecular dynamics simulations agree with x-ray fiber diffraction? (8/460)

Chondroitin Sulfates

Chondroitin

Chondroitin Lyases

Chondroitinases and Chondroitin Lyases

Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans

Chondroitin ABC Lyase

Glycosaminoglycans

Dermatan Sulfate

Proteoglycans

Disaccharides

Sulfates

Hyaluronic Acid

Cartilage

Heparitin Sulfate

Keratan Sulfate

Sulfotransferases

Hyaluronoglucosaminidase

Versicans

Aggrecans

Uronic Acids

N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases

Glucosamine

Acetylgalactosamine

Video-Audio Media

Sulfur Radioisotopes

Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Heparin

Oligosaccharides

Sharks

Phosphoadenosine Phosphosulfate

Decorin

Sulfuric Acids

Carbohydrate Sequence

Lectins, C-Type

Chromatography, Gel

Chondrosarcoma

Iduronic Acid

Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5

Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans

Zygnematales

Rhinometry, Acoustic

Epiphyses

Chick Embryo

Polysaccharide-Lyases

Sea Cucumbers

Sulfur Isotopes

Carbohydrate Conformation

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Molecular Sequence Data

Glucuronic Acid

Glycosyltransferases

Cattle

Bacteroides

Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate

Cells, Cultured

Molecular Weight

Xylose

Chondro-4-Sulfatase

Extracellular Matrix

Cartilage, Articular

Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid

Biglycan

Heparin Lyase

Mast-Cell Sarcoma

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Amino Acid Sequence

Polysaccharides

Sulfatases

Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic

Borohydrides

Nasal Septum

Nitrous Acid

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Chondroitinsulfatases

SLC4A Proteins

Monosaccharides

Cell Adhesion

Laryngeal Cartilages

Galactosamine

Uridine Diphosphate Xylose