Chondrocytes. Medical search

Polymorphic cells that form cartilage.

A protective layer of firm, flexible cartilage over the articulating ends of bones. It provides a smooth surface for joint movement, protecting the ends of long bones from wear at points of contact.

A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.

The area between the EPIPHYSIS and the DIAPHYSIS within which bone growth occurs.

A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.

A fibrillar collagen found predominantly in CARTILAGE and vitreous humor. It consists of three identical alpha1(II) chains.

A secreted matrix metalloproteinase that plays a physiological role in the degradation of extracellular matrix found in skeletal tissues. It is synthesized as an inactive precursor that is activated by the proteolytic cleavage of its N-terminal propeptide.

Large HYALURONAN-containing proteoglycans found in articular cartilage (CARTILAGE, ARTICULAR). They form into aggregates that provide tissues with the capacity to resist high compressive and tensile forces.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The formation of cartilage. This process is directed by CHONDROCYTES which continually divide and lay down matrix during development. It is sometimes a precursor to OSTEOGENESIS.

Glycoproteins which have a very high polysaccharide content.

A non-fibrillar collagen found primarily in terminally differentiated hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES. It is a homotrimer of three identical alpha1(X) subunits.

A SOXE transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating CHONDROGENESIS; OSTEOGENESIS; and male sex determination. Loss of function of the SOX9 transcription factor due to genetic mutations is a cause of CAMPOMELIC DYSPLASIA.

Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

Noninflammatory degenerative disease of the knee joint consisting of three large categories: conditions that block normal synchronous movement, conditions that produce abnormal pathways of motion, and conditions that cause stress concentration resulting in changes to articular cartilage. (Crenshaw, Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 8th ed, p2019)

Pathological processes involving the chondral tissue (CARTILAGE).

An extracellular endopeptidase of vertebrate tissues similar to MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 1. It digests PROTEOGLYCAN; FIBRONECTIN; COLLAGEN types III, IV, V, and IX, and activates procollagenase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An interleukin-1 subtype that is synthesized as an inactive membrane-bound pro-protein. Proteolytic processing of the precursor form by CASPASE 1 results in release of the active form of interleukin-1beta from the membrane.

The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.

Salts of alginic acid that are extracted from marine kelp and used to make dental impressions and as absorbent material for surgical dressings.

Enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen by acting on the peptide bonds.

A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.

The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.

Cartilage of the EAR AURICLE and the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Abnormal development of cartilage and bone.

General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).

The five long bones of the METATARSUS, articulating with the TARSAL BONES proximally and the PHALANGES OF TOES distally.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

In horses, cattle, and other quadrupeds, the joint between the femur and the tibia, corresponding to the human knee.

PROTEOGLYCANS-associated proteins that are major components of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including CARTILAGE; and INTERVERTEBRAL DISC structures. They bind COLLAGEN fibers and contain protein domains that enable oligomer formation and interaction with other extracellular matrix proteins such as CARTILAGE OLIGOMERIC MATRIX PROTEIN.

A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.

An extracellular endopeptidase which excises a block of peptides at the amino terminal, nonhelical region of the procollagen molecule with the formation of collagen. Absence or deficiency of the enzyme causes accumulation of procollagen which results in the inherited connective tissue disorder--dermatosparaxis. EC 3.4.24.14.

A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.

A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.

Term used to designate tetrahydroxy aldehydic acids obtained by oxidation of hexose sugars, i.e. glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, etc. Historically, the name hexuronic acid was originally given to ascorbic acid.

A member of the metalloproteinase family of enzymes that is principally responsible for cleaving FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. It can degrade interstitial collagens, types I, II and III.

A fibril-associated collagen usually found crosslinked to the surface of COLLAGEN TYPE II fibrils. It is a heterotrimer containing alpha1(IX), alpha2(IX) and alpha3(IX) subunits.

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

A synovial hinge connection formed between the bones of the FEMUR; TIBIA; and PATELLA.

The head of a long bone that is separated from the shaft by the epiphyseal plate until bone growth stops. At that time, the plate disappears and the head and shaft are united.

Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.

A ubiquitously expressed, secreted protein with bone resorption and renal calcium reabsorption activities that are similar to PARATHYROID HORMONE. It does not circulate in appreciable amounts in normal subjects, but rather exerts its biological actions locally. Overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related protein by tumor cells results in humoral calcemia of malignancy.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

The inner membrane of a joint capsule surrounding a freely movable joint. It is loosely attached to the external fibrous capsule and secretes SYNOVIAL FLUID.

A transcription factor that dimerizes with CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form core binding factor. It contains a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the runt domain and is involved in genetic regulation of skeletal development and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.

A reverse developmental process in which terminally differentiated cells with specialized functions revert back to a less differentiated stage within their own CELL LINEAGE.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A class of animal lectins that bind to carbohydrate in a calcium-dependent manner. They share a common carbohydrate-binding domain that is structurally distinct from other classes of lectins.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that is involved in the degradation of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX components.

A type of CARTILAGE characterized by a homogenous amorphous matrix containing predominately TYPE II COLLAGEN and ground substance. Hyaline cartilage is found in ARTICULAR CARTILAGE; COSTAL CARTILAGE; LARYNGEAL CARTILAGES; and the NASAL SEPTUM.

Also known as articulations, these are points of connection between the ends of certain separate bones, or where the borders of other bones are juxtaposed.

A set of twelve curved bones which connect to the vertebral column posteriorly, and terminate anteriorly as costal cartilage. Together, they form a protective cage around the internal thoracic organs.

Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.

A family of low-molecular weight, non-histone proteins found in chromatin.

The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.

Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses.

Bone-marrow-derived, non-hematopoietic cells that support HEMATOPOETIC STEM CELLS. They have also been isolated from other organs and tissues such as UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD, umbilical vein subendothelium, and WHARTON JELLY. These cells are considered to be a source of multipotent stem cells because they include subpopulations of mesenchymal stem cells.

Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.

An autosomal dominant disorder that is the most frequent form of short-limb dwarfism. Affected individuals exhibit short stature caused by rhizomelic shortening of the limbs, characteristic facies with frontal bossing and mid-face hypoplasia, exaggerated lumbar lordosis, limitation of elbow extension, GENU VARUM, and trident hand. (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim, MIM#100800, April 20, 2001)

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

A family of membrane-anchored glycoproteins that contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. They are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many transmembrane proteins and the release of their extracellular domain.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

The maximum compression a material can withstand without failure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p427)

Major component of chondrocyte EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX of various tissues including bone, tendon, ligament, SYNOVIUM and blood vessels. It binds MATRILIN PROTEINS and is associated with development of cartilage and bone.

Water swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They are used in paints, printing inks, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A technique for maintaining or growing TISSUE in vitro, usually by DIFFUSION, perifusion, or PERFUSION. The tissue is cultured directly after removal from the host without being dispersed for cell culture.

A family of intercellular signaling proteins that play and important role in regulating the development of many TISSUES and organs. Their name derives from the observation of a hedgehog-like appearance in DROSOPHILA embryos with genetic mutations that block their action.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

A growth differentiation factor that plays a role in early CHONDROGENESIS and joint formation.

A fibroblast growth factor receptor that regulates CHONDROCYTE growth and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. Mutations in the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 have been associated with ACHONDROPLASIA; THANATOPHORIC DYSPLASIA and NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION.

A genetic or pathological condition that is characterized by short stature and undersize. Abnormal skeletal growth usually results in an adult who is significantly below the average height.

A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a potent osteogenic factor and a specific regulator of nephrogenesis.

An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Thin outer membrane that surrounds a bone. It contains CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CAPILLARIES, nerves, and a number of cell types.

A plant genus in the LAURACEAE family. The tree, Persea americana Mill., is known for the Avocado fruit, the food of commerce.

A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.

Membrane proteins that are involved in the active transport of phosphate.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

A subclass of closely-related SOX transcription factors. In addition to a conserved HMG-BOX DOMAIN, members of this group contain a leucine zipper motif which mediates protein DIMERIZATION.

A long, narrow, and flat bone commonly known as BREASTBONE occurring in the midsection of the anterior thoracic segment or chest region, which stabilizes the rib cage and serves as the point of origin for several muscles that move the arms, head, and neck.

The posterior process on the ramus of the mandible composed of two parts: a superior part, the articular portion, and an inferior part, the condylar neck.

A fibrillar collagen found primarily in interstitial CARTILAGE. Collagen type XI is heterotrimer containing alpha1(XI), alpha2(XI) and alpha3(XI) subunits.

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

The most common form of fibrillar collagen. It is a major constituent of bone (BONE AND BONES) and SKIN and consists of a heterotrimer of two alpha1(I) and one alpha2(I) chains.

Inflammation of a bone and its overlaying CARTILAGE.

A parathyroid hormone receptor subtype that recognizes both PARATHYROID HORMONE and PARATHYROID HORMONE-RELATED PROTEIN. It is a G-protein-coupled receptor that is expressed at high levels in BONE and in KIDNEY.

Bone in humans and primates extending from the SHOULDER JOINT to the ELBOW JOINT.

A cytokine with both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions that depend upon the cellular microenvironment. Oncostatin M is a 28 kDa monomeric glycoprotein that is similar in structure to LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR. Its name derives from the the observation that it inhibited the growth of tumor cells and augmented the growth of normal fibroblasts.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.

Proteoglycans consisting of proteins linked to one or more CHONDROITIN SULFATE-containing oligosaccharide chains.

Proteases which use a metal, normally ZINC, in the catalytic mechanism. This group of enzymes is inactivated by metal CHELATORS.

An articulation between the condyle of the mandible and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A copper-containing dye used as a gelling agent for lubricants, for staining of bacteria and for the dyeing of histiocytes and fibroblasts in vivo.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

The process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into a chemical response. It can occur in both cells specialized for sensing mechanical cues such as MECHANORECEPTORS, and in parenchymal cells whose primary function is not mechanosensory.

An inducibly-expressed subtype of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase. It plays an important role in many cellular processes and INFLAMMATION. It is the target of COX2 INHIBITORS.

A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A biosynthetic precursor of collagen containing additional amino acid sequences at the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal ends of the polypeptide chains.

A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhances the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE. It contains mucin, albumin, fat, and mineral salts and serves to lubricate joints.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Cloning of a novel gene specifically expressed in clonal mouse chondroprogenitor-like EC cells, ATDC5. (1/3820)

We cloned a full-length cDNA encoding a novel mouse protein, A-C2, by differential display method using mouse embryonic fibroblast C3H10T1/2 cells and mouse chondroprogenitor-like EC cells, ATDC5. The deduced amino acid sequence of A-C2 consisted of 106 amino acids with no significant homology to the sequences previously reported. Northern blot analysis showed two major bands of 2.1 and 1.8 kb sizes. Expression of A-C2 mRNA was exclusive to ATDC5 cells at their undifferentiated stage. None of ATDC5 cells at their differentiated stage and adult mice tissues examined expressed A-C2 gene. (+info)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta production by nitric oxide-treated chondrocytes: implications for matrix synthesis. (2/3820)

OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide (NO) is generated copiously by articular chondrocytes activated by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). If NO production is blocked, much of the IL-1beta inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis is prevented. We tested the hypothesis that this inhibitory effect of NO on proteoglycan synthesis is secondary to changes in chondrocyte transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). METHODS: Monolayer, primary cultures of lapine articular chondrocytes and cartilage slices were studied. NO production was determined as nitrite accumulation in the medium. TGFbeta bioactivity in chondrocyte- and cartilage-conditioned medium (CM) was measured with the mink lung epithelial cell bioassay. Proteoglycan synthesis was measured as the incorporation of 35S-sodium sulfate into macromolecules separated from unincorporated label by gel filtration on PD-10 columns. RESULTS: IL-1beta increased active TGFbeta in chondrocyte CM by 12 hours; by 24 hours, significant increases in both active and latent TGFbeta were detectable. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) potentiated the increase in total TGFbeta without affecting the early TGFbeta activation. IL-1beta stimulated a NO-independent, transient increase in TGFbeta3 at 24 hours; however, TGFbeta1 was not changed. When NO synthesis was inhibited with L-NMA, IL-1beta increased CM concentrations of TGFbeta1 from 24-72 hours of culture. L-arginine (10 mM) reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NMA on NO production and blocked the increases in TGFbeta1. Anti-TGFbeta1 antibody prevented the restoration of proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta + L-NMA, confirming that NO inhibition of TGFbeta1 in IL-1beta-treated chondrocytes effected, in part, the decreased proteoglycan synthesis. Furthermore, the increase in TGFbeta and proteoglycan synthesis seen with L-NMA was reversed by the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamide. Similar results were seen with cartilage slices in organ culture. The autocrine increase in CM TGFbeta1 levels following prior exposure to TGFbeta1 was also blocked by NO. CONCLUSION: NO can modulate proteoglycan synthesis indirectly by decreasing the production of TGFbeta1 by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta. It prevents autocrine-stimulated increases in TGFbeta1, thus potentially diminishing the anabolic effects of this cytokine in chondrocytes. (+info)

Expression of both P1 and P2 purine receptor genes by human articular chondrocytes and profile of ligand-mediated prostaglandin E2 release. (3/3820)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the expression and function of purine receptors in articular chondrocytes. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to screen human chondrocyte RNA for expression of P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. Purine-stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from chondrocytes, untreated or treated with recombinant human interleukin-1alpha (rHuIL-1alpha), was assessed by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: RT-PCR demonstrated that human articular chondrocytes transcribe messenger RNA for the P1 receptor subtypes A2a and A2b and the P2 receptor subtype P2Y2, but not for the P1 receptor subtypes A1 and A3. The P1 receptor agonists adenosine and 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine did not change PGE2 release from chondrocytes. The P2Y2 agonists ATP and UTP stimulated a small release of PGE2 that was potentiated after pretreatment with rHuIL-1alpha. PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP cotreatment was not additive, but release in response to coaddition of ATP and bradykinin (BK) or UTP and BK was additive, consistent with ATP and UTP competition for the same receptor site. The potentiation of PGE2 release in response to ATP and UTP after rHuIL-1alpha pretreatment was mimicked by phorbol myristate acetate. CONCLUSION: Human chondrocytes express both P1 and P2 purine receptor subtypes. The function of the P1 receptor subtype is not yet known, but stimulation of the P2Y2 receptor increases IL-1-mediated PGE2 release. (+info)

Molecular cloning of mouse and bovine chondromodulin-II cDNAs and the growth-promoting actions of bovine recombinant protein. (4/3820)

We previously determined the complete primary sequence of a heparin-binding growth-promoting factor, chondromodulin-II (ChM-II), which stimulated the growth of chondrocytes and osteoblasts in culture. Bovine ChM-II was a 16-kDa basic protein with 133 amino acid residues and exhibited a significant sequence similarity to the repeats of the chicken mim-1 gene product. Here we report the nucleotide sequences of bovine and mouse ChM-II cDNAs. The cDNAs each contained an open-reading frame corresponding to the ChM-II precursor with 151 amino acid residues. The N-terminus of the precursor included a secretory signal sequence of 18 amino acids prior to the mature ChM-II sequence. Unlike MIM-1, there was no repeat structure in the precursor protein, indicating that ChM-II was encoded as a gene product distinct from MIM-1. We then expressed recombinant bovine ChM-II protein which was purified to homogeneity. The recombinant protein stimulated the growth of rabbit growth plate chondrocytes, mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and rat UMR-106 osteoblastic cells in vitro. (+info)

Gene transfer of cytokine inhibitors into human synovial fibroblasts in the SCID mouse model. (5/3820)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of retrovirus-based gene delivery of inhibitory cytokines and cytokine inhibitors into human synovial fibroblasts in the SCID mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: The MFG vector was used for gene delivery of tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor (TNFalphaR) p55, viral interleukin-10 (IL-10), and murine IL-10 into RA synovial fibroblasts. The effect on invasion of these cells into human articular cartilage and on perichondrocytic cartilage degradation was examined after 60 days of coimplantation into the SCID mouse. RESULTS: TNFalphaR p55 gene transfer showed only a limited effect on inhibition of RA synovial fibroblast invasiveness and cartilage degradation. In contrast, invasion of the RA synovial fibroblasts into the coimplanted cartilage was strongly inhibited by both viral and murine IL-10. Perichondrocytic cartilage degradation was not affected by either form of IL-10. CONCLUSION: The data show that cytokines can be successfully inserted into the genome of human RA synovial fibroblasts using a retroviral vector delivery system, and that the SCID mouse model of human RA is a valuable tool for examining the effects of gene transfer. In addition, inhibition of more than one cytokine pathway may be required to inhibit both synovial- and chondrocyte-mediated cartilage destruction in RA. (+info)

Transduction mechanisms of porcine chondrocyte inorganic pyrophosphate elaboration. (6/3820)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cellular signaling mechanisms that influence chondrocyte production of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), which promotes calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition. METHODS: Articular chondrocyte and cartilage cultures were stimulated with protein kinase C (PKC) activator and adenyl cyclase activator. Generation of extracellular PPi was measured. RESULTS: Adenyl cyclase activation resulted in diminished pyrophosphate generation. PKC activation stimulated pyrophosphate elaboration. CONCLUSION: Two signaling pathways, cAMP and PKC, modulate generation of extracellular pyrophosphate by cartilage and chondrocytes. They are novel targets for potentially diminishing extracellular pyrophosphate elaboration that leads to CPPD crystal deposition. (+info)

COL9A3: A third locus for multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. (7/3820)

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED), an autosomal dominant osteochondrodysplasia, is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by mild short stature and early-onset osteoarthritis. The phenotypic spectrum includes the mild Ribbing type, the more severe Fairbank type, and some unclassified forms. Linkage studies have identified two loci for MED. One of these, EDM1, is on chromosome 19, in a region that contains the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) gene. Mutations have been identified in this gene in patients with the Ribbing type, the Fairbank type, and unclassified forms of MED. The second locus, EDM2, maps to chromosome 1, in a region spanning COL9A2. Recently, a splice-site mutation was found in COL9A2, causing skipping of exon 3 in one family with MED. Because of the exclusion of the EDM1 and EDM2 loci in some families, the existence of a third locus has been postulated. We report here one family with MED, evaluated clinically and radiologically and tested for linkage with candidate genes, including COMP, COL9A1, COL9A2, and COL9A3. No linkage was found with COMP, COL9A1, or COL9A2, but an inheritance pattern consistent with linkage was observed with COL9A3. Mutation analysis of COL9A3 identified an A-->T transversion in the acceptor splice site of intron 2 in affected family members. The mutation led to skipping of exon 3 and an in-frame deletion of 12 amino acid residues in the COL3 domain of the alpha3(IX) chain and thus appeared to be similar to that reported for COL9A2. This is the first disease-causing mutation identified in COL9A3. Our results also show that COL9A3, located on chromosome 20, is a third locus for MED. (+info)

Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. (8/3820)

Human mesenchymal stem cells are thought to be multipotent cells, which are present in adult marrow, that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate to lineages of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. Cells that have the characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from marrow aspirates of volunteer donors. These cells displayed a stable phenotype and remained as a monolayer in vitro. These adult stem cells could be induced to differentiate exclusively into the adipocytic, chondrocytic, or osteocytic lineages. Individual stem cells were identified that, when expanded to colonies, retained their multilineage potential. (+info)

... (NC) are present in the hyaline cartilage of the nasal septum, and in fact are the only cell type within the ... Similar to other chondrocytes from hyaline cartilage tissues in other locations in the human body, NC undergo a process of cell ... Although articular chondrocytes derived from older individuals have been shown to have a lower proliferation capacity than from ... Similar to chondrocytes present in articular cartilage, NC express extracellular matrix proteins such as glycosaminoglycans and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_chondrocytes

Chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage Transmission electron micrograph of a chondrocyte, stained for calcium, showing its nucleus ( ... While the pug mutation deals with the pre-maturation of chondrocytes, multiple other mutations alter chondrocyte proliferation ... marrow stromal cell Chondrocyte Hypertrophic chondrocyte Mesenchymal (mesoderm origin) stem cells are undifferentiated, meaning ... which are present at high levels in the chondrocyte extracellular matrix and are crucial in regulating chondrocyte maturation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrocyte

During the implantation, chondrocytes are applied on the damaged area in combination with a membrane (tibial periosteum or ... Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI, ATC code M09AX02 (WHO)) is a biomedical treatment that repairs damages in articular ... The patient then undergoes a second treatment, in which the chondrocytes are applied on the damaged area during an open-knee ... The matrix is removed enzymatically and the chondrocytes isolated. These cells are grown in vitro in a specialised laboratory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autologous_chondrocyte_implantation

This allows the chondrocyte spheroids to fill in the cartilage defect. Spherox has been shown to improve symptoms and knee ... The chondrocyte spheroids attach to the cartilage within 20 minutes. People treated with Spherox should follow a specific ... The cartilage cells are then grown in the laboratory to prepare a suspension of chondrocyte spheroids. During arthroscopy, the ... Spheroids of human autologous matrix-associated chondrocytes, sold under the brand name Spherox, is a medication used to repair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroids_of_human_autologous_matrix-associated_chondrocytes

... (Maci) is a treatment to correct cartilage defects in the knee. ... Autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane was approved for use in the United States in May 2019. ... "Maci (Autologous Cultured Chondrocytes on a Porcine Collagen Membrane)". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 13 ... Autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane is an autologous cellularized scaffold product. This treatment is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autologous_cultured_chondrocytes_on_porcine_collagen_membrane

citation needed] Chondrocytes are only present in cartilage where they will produce cartilaginous matrix to maintain the ... These factors also have a role in hypertrophic chondrocyte maturation. β-catenin of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway plays ... Lefebvre, V; Behringer RR; de Crombrugghe B (2001). "L-Sox5, Sox6 and Sox9 control essential steps of the chondrocyte ... They have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts or chondrocytes depending on the signalling molecules they are exposed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteochondroprogenitor_cell

The primary center In long bones, bone tissue first appears in the diaphysis (middle of shaft). Chondrocytes multiply and form ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossification

1996). "Chondrocyte matrix metalloproteinase-8. Human articular chondrocytes express neutrophil collagenase". J. Biol. Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MMP8

Loeser RF (2002). "Integrins and cell signaling in chondrocytes". Biorheology. 39 (1-2): 119-24. PMID 12082274. Overview of all ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTK2B

Expression of ENaC, Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter and Na+/H+ exchangers in healthy and arthritic chondrocytes". Histol. Histopathol ... "Sodium transport systems in human chondrocytes. II. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium–hydrogen_antiporter_3

The chondrocytes are grown and injected into the defect under a periosteal patch. ACI surgery has reported good to excellent ... In this surgery, chondrocytes are arthroscopically extracted from the intercondylar notch of the articular surface. ... One such technique is autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), which is useful for large, isolated femoral defects in younger ... Open growth plates are characterized by increased numbers of undifferentiated chondrocytes (stem cells) which are precursors to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteochondritis_dissecans

The chondrocytes present different morphologies related to their position in the tissue. The embryos of Sepia officinalis ... It is a vesicular cell-rich cartilage due to the large, spherical and vacuolated chondrocytes with no homologies in other ... Nutrition is supplied to the chondrocytes by diffusion. The compression of the articular cartilage or flexion of the elastic ... The odontophore contains muscle cells along with the chondrocytes in the case of Lymnaea and other mollusks that graze ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage

MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In biology, oligopotency is the ability of progenitor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_potency

Some examples of chondrocytes include collagen and proteoglycans. The chondrocytes that produce chondrocalcin are typically ... This calcium-binding protein comes from chondrocytes, which are cells that produce and maintain cartilage. ... "Chondrocalcin is internalized by chondrocytes and triggers cartilage destruction via an interleukin-1β-dependent pathway, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrocalcin

Functions include: Chondrocyte proliferation and bone growth; regulation of cell proliferation, cell adhesion and induction of ... It is expressed on chondrocytes and cardiac muscle. Involved in growth plate morphogenesis and function. Integrin α11β1 is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen_receptor

"Synthesis of classical pathway complement components by chondrocytes". Immunology. 88 (4): 648-56. PMC 1456645. PMID 8881771. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement_component_1r

Stem Cell Exhibiting Pattern Ability and Epigenetic Rejuvenation Study of Telomere Length in Preimplanted Cultured Chondrocytes ... ". "Study of Telomere Length in Preimplanted Cultured Chondrocytes". "A Natural Product Telomerase Activator Lengthens ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Length

Depletion of chondrocytes due to apoptosis leads to less ossification and growth slows down and later stops when the entire ... As the older chondrocytes degenerate, osteoblasts ossify the remains to form new bone. In puberty increasing levels of estrogen ... The plate's chondrocytes are under constant division by mitosis. These daughter cells stack facing the epiphysis while the ... Zhong, M; Carney, DH; Boyan, BD; Schwartz, Z (January 2011). "17β-Estradiol regulates rat growth plate chondrocyte apoptosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphyseal_plate

... a homeoprotein selectively expressed in chondrocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALX1

It is also found near chondrocytes (cartilage-forming cells). Chondrocytes play a vital role in osteogenesis (the formation of ... Though some chondrocytes do manage to survive, growth is significantly reduced, resulting in the characteristically short limbs ... It is observed at a high frequency in chondrocytes in developing bone and tendon. In pseudochondroplasia, COMP is not secreted ... The researchers found that IX collagen was amassed within the pseudoachondroplasia chondrocytes. This discovery suggests that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoachondroplasia

Remaining chondrocytes divide in order to form more chondroblasts. HMGB-1, a growth factor which promotes chondrocyte division ... Chondroblasts are called chondrocytes when they embed themselves in the cartilage matrix, consisting of proteoglycan and ... These cells are extremely important in chondrogenesis due to their role in forming both the chondrocytes and cartilage matrix ... Higher levels of Wnt14 prevented chondrocyte differentiation whereas lower levels appeared to allow it. If the Wnt/ β-Catenin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondroblast

"ROCK inhibitor prevents the dedifferentiation of human articular chondrocytes". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ... inhibition enhances aggrecan deposition and suppresses matrix metalloproteinase-3 production in human articular chondrocytes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho_kinase_inhibitor

... also has an antiapoptotic effect in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. The precise role of ADAM15 in cancer is still unclear ... 1997). "Expression of members of a novel membrane linked metalloproteinase family (ADAM) in human articular chondrocytes". ... "ADAM15 exerts an antiapoptotic effect on osteoarthritic chondrocytes via up-regulation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADAM15

2000). "Regulation of human COL2A1 gene expression in chondrocytes. Identification of C-Krox-responsive elements and modulation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZBTB7B

... where they are subsequently dissipated and transmitted to chondrocytes (cartilage cells). Chondrocytes sense and convert the ... there need to be mechanoreceptors on the surface of chondrocytes. Candidates for chondrocyte mechanoreceptors include stretch- ... Each chondrocyte has one cilium and it is hypothesized to transmit mechanical signals by way of bending in response to ECM ... Chondrocytes have been shown to secrete TGF-b, and upregulate TGF-b receptors in response to mechanical stimulation; this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanotransduction

... structure and transcription pattern in chondrocytes". The Biochemical Journal. 303. 303 ( Pt 1): 329-33. doi:10.1042/bj3030329 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAPLN1

They are usually highly expressed in cartilage and within chondrocytes. Their genetic transcription increases upon the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartilage-derived_angiogenesis_inhibitor

Craft AM, Ahmed N, Rockel JS, Baht GS, Alman BA, Kandel RA, Grigoriadis AE, Keller GM (2013). "Specification of chondrocytes ... chondrocytes, T lymphocytes and myeloid precursors. Keller holds a Tier I Canada Research Chair in Embryonic Stem Cell Biology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_M._Keller

2002). "Human articular chondrocytes express three facilitative glucose transporter isoforms: GLUT1, GLUT3 and GLUT9". Cell ... The encoded protein may play a role in the development and survival of chondrocytes in cartilage matrices. Two transcript ... "Cytokine regulation of facilitated glucose transport in human articular chondrocytes". J. Immunol. 167 (12): 7001-8. doi: ... characterization and partial cDNA cloning of facilitative glucose transporters expressed in human articular chondrocytes; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC2A9

Ihh stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and regulates chondrocyte maturation by maintaining the expression of PTHrP. PTHrP ... Because chondrocytes are bound in lacunae, they cannot migrate to damaged areas. Also, because hyaline cartilage does not have ... The expression of Sox9 induces the expression of BMP, which causes chondrocytes to proliferate and differentiate. L-Sox5 and ... The molecule Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is expressed by prehypertrophic chondrocytes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrogenesis

Words and phrases that rhyme with chondrocytes: (515 results) 1 syllable:. aites, bights, bites, blights, brights, brights, ... Use chondrocytes in a sentence. Commonly used words are shown in bold. Rare words are dimmed.. Click on a word above to view ... Adjectives for chondrocytes: human, hypertrophic, cultured, isolated, mature, normal, articular, epiphyseal, primary, more... ...

https://www.rhymezone.com/r/rhyme.cgi?Word=chondrocytes&org1=syl&org2=l&org3=y&typeofrhyme=perfect

Search Funded PhD Projects, Programmes & Scholarships in chondrocyte. Search for PhD funding, scholarships & studentships in ... SnoRNA dysregulation is a driver of chondrocyte ageing and contributes to osteoarthritis. University of Liverpool Institute of ...

https://www.findaphd.com/phds/?Keywords=chondrocyte

Chondrocytes were able to attach and to grow on the different fibres and in the scaffolds for several weeks while producing ... The chondrocytes produced an extracellular matrix which was studied by immunostaining. Moreover, the compression behaviour in ... spider egg sac and spider dragline silk fibres and examine their use for chondrocyte attachment and support. Methods Three ... The chondrocytes produced an extracellular matrix which was studied by immunostaining. Moreover, the… Expand. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Silkworm-and-spider-silk-scaffolds-for-chondrocyte-Gellynck-Verdonk/9efd3625bcd4dc3ebe088b0b53929ff09c00b034

Characterised chondrocyte implantation (CCI) surgery is performed in two steps, usually 6-8 weeks apart. The first operation is ... Articular cartilage repair (Characterised Chondrocyte Implantation) at Spire Leeds Hospital. Enquire about this treatment Find ... Characterised chondrocyte implantation (CCI) surgery is typically considered for cartilage damage that causes symptoms in a ... Chondrocyte (cartilage cells) transplantation, however, is a durable treatment that can regenerate the damaged cartilage. ...

https://www.spirehealthcare.com/spire-leeds-hospital/treatments/a-z/articular-cartilage-repair-characterised-chondrocyte-implantation/

... J Biochem Mol ... Cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was used to induce the inflammation response of primary chondrocytes. We found that deer IGF-1 ... Deer IGF-1 also attenuated the IL-1β-induced inflammatory and ECM degradation in chondrocytes. This study provides insight into ... The underlying molecular mechanism of deer IGF-1 on primary chondrocytes was investigated by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36177510/?utm_source=WordPress&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=1nASi37tjavVgwsXmk5YUf_GRBPtoGVcaaaxKnz2ejNfc5MMoY&fc=None&ff=20221002105402&v=2.17.8

B) Chondrocytes were untreated or treated with IL1β or RA or P0 chondrocytes were passed to P4 (P4). Accumulation of sulfated ... B) Chondrocytes were untreated or treated with IL1β or RA or P0 chondrocytes were passed to P4 (P4). Accumulation of sulfated ... A) Articular chondrocytes were maintained as a serial monolayer up until the indicated passages (top) or P0 chondrocytes were ... A) Articular chondrocytes were maintained as a serial monolayer up until the indicated passages (top) or P0 chondrocytes were ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/129/23/5541/41864/Regulation-of-the-chondrocyte-phenotype-by-catenin?searchresult=1

"Hypoxia in cartilage: HIF-1α is essential for chondrocyte growth arrest and survival." Genes & Development 15 (21): 2865-2876. ... Hypoxia in cartilage: HIF-1α is essential for chondrocyte growth arrest and survival. ...

https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/41483159

Procedure-Chondrocytes were cultivated with 10, 40, 80, and 160 μg of CFX/ml, 10, 50, 100, and 150 μg of ENR/ml, or in Mg2+- ... Sample Population-Chondrocytes from articular cartilage of 4- and 6 -month old dogs and 2- to 4- year-old horses. ... Results-Chondrocytes cultivated in quinolone-supplemented medium or Mg2+-free medium had a decreased ability to adhere to ... On day 1 of culture, adhesion of chondrocytes to collagen type II was reduced to 70 and 45% of control values in the CFX ...

https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/ajvr/62/5/ajvr.2001.62.704.xml

... chondrocytes. An in vitro OA‑like chondrocyte model was established using IL‑1β‑stimulated human SW‑1353 chondrocytes. Cell ... A) Chondrocytes were treated with CGA (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 µg/ml) alone for 48 h. (B) Chondrocytes were ... Effects of CGA on the expression of COX-2 and PGE2 from human SW-1353 chondrocytes. Chondrocytes (2×106 cells/ml) were treated ... Effects of CGA on the IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway from IL-1β-stimulated SW-1353 chondrocytes. Chondrocytes (2×106 cells/ml) ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2017.6698

Primary chondrocyte cell ; Cell / Tissue engineering ; Monolayer cell culture ; Pellet culture ; Cell marker ; Wound closure ... Addition of 0.1mg/ml hyaluronic acid in chondrocyte culture media resulted an increase in primary chondrocyte proliferation and ... Cartilage cell, called chondrocyte is embedded in the matrix (Lacunae) and has round shape in vivo. The in vitro monolayer ... The healing process of the wound closure assay of chondrocyte monolayers were slowed down by all three isoforms of TGF-β. All ...

https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.545655

The impact of polyphenols on chondrocyte growth and survival: a preliminary report. FernandezArroyo_Chondrocyte.pdf (1.313Mo). ... The impact of polyphenols on chondrocyte growth and survival: a preliminary report. Food and Nutrition Research, 59: 29311 ( ... in murine chondrocytes. This mutation is present in most cases of skeletal dysplasia and is responsible for the overexpression ... mutated murine chondrocytes, exploring cell survival, chloride efflux, extracellular matrix (ECM) generation, and grade of ...

https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/38574?locale-attribute=fr

The chondrocyte cultures of all groups grown under coverslips were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to determine the percentage ... Chondrocytes were cultured in chondrogenic medium (control) or supplemented with caffeine (0.5, 1.0, 2.0mM). Cell viability, ... Extracted articular cartilage from the femurs and tibias of 15 Wistar rats at three days old to isolate chondrocytes. ... Direct inhibitory effect of caffeine on viability, synthesis activity and gene expression in cultures of chondrocytes extracted ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/brasil/resource/pt/biblio-1011276

Wang, H., Zhang, H., Sun, Q., Yang, J., Zeng, C., Ding, C., Cai, D., Liu, A., & Bai, X. (2019). Chondrocyte mTORC1 activation ... Wang, H, Zhang, H, Sun, Q, Yang, J, Zeng, C, Ding, C, Cai, D, Liu, A & Bai, X 2019, Chondrocyte mTORC1 activation stimulates ... Chondrocyte mTORC1 activation stimulates miR-483-5p via HDAC4 in osteoarthritis progression. In: Journal of Cellular Physiology ... Chondrocyte mTORC1 activation stimulates miR-483-5p via HDAC4 in osteoarthritis progression. Journal of Cellular Physiology. ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/chondrocyte-mtorc1-activation-stimulates-mir-483-5p-via-hdac4-in-

The role of integrin alpha5beta1 mechanotransducer in chondrocytes embedded in agarose. L.M. Kock, R.M. Schulz, C.C. Donkelaar ... The role of integrin alpha5beta1 mechanotransducer in chondrocytes embedded in agarose. / Kock, L.M.; Schulz, R.M.; Donkelaar, ... The role of integrin alpha5beta1 mechanotransducer in chondrocytes embedded in agarose. Oral presentation at the TERMIS EU 2008 ... The role of integrin alpha5beta1 mechanotransducer in chondrocytes embedded in agarose. In Reis RL, editor, Oral presentation ...

https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/the-role-of-integrin-alpha5beta1-mechanotransducer-in-chondrocyte

... and Traditional Approaches to Postoperative Weightbearing Rehabilitation After Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte ... and Traditional Approaches to Postoperative Weightbearing Rehabilitation After Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte ... and Traditional Approaches to Postoperative Weightbearing Rehabilitation After Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte ... and Traditional Approaches to Postoperative Weightbearing Rehabilitation After Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte ...

https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/a-randomized-trial-comparing-accelerated-and-traditional-approach

Chondrocytes were also observed on the articular surface of the cartilage and extruding out of the parent cartilage and on to ... The purpose of this study was to identify whether chondrocyte outgrowth into a 3D scaffold could be observed following single ... Following single impact load and culture, chondrocytes were observed in a 3D gelatin scaffold under all culture conditions. ... These studies demonstrate that articular chondrocytes can be stimulated to migrate out of parent cartilage following single ...

https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2474-8-120

First, chondrocytes were treated with tetraacetylated N-azidoacetyl-D-mannosamine (Ac4ManNAz) to generate unnatural azide ... Bioorthogonal Copper Free Click Chemistry for Labeling and Tracking of Chondrocytes In Vivo. / Yoon, Hwa In; Yhee, Ji Young; Na ... Bioorthogonal Copper Free Click Chemistry for Labeling and Tracking of Chondrocytes In Vivo. Bioconjugate Chemistry. 2016 Apr ... First, chondrocytes were treated with tetraacetylated N-azidoacetyl-D-mannosamine (Ac4ManNAz) to generate unnatural azide ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/bioorthogonal-copper-free-click-chemistry-for-labeling-and-tracki

Aggrecan and COMP Improve Periosteal Chondrogenesis by Delaying Chondrocyte Hypertrophic Maturation. Marjolein M. J. Caron, ... Aggrecan and COMP Improve Periosteal Chondrogenesis by Delaying Chondrocyte Hypertrophic Maturation. / Caron, Marjolein M. J.; ... Aggrecan and COMP Improve Periosteal Chondrogenesis by Delaying Chondrocyte Hypertrophic Maturation. In: Frontiers in ... Aggrecan and COMP Improve Periosteal Chondrogenesis by Delaying Chondrocyte Hypertrophic Maturation. Frontiers in ...

https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/aggrecan-and-comp-improve-periosteal-chondrogenesis-by-delaying-c

Vanadate proliferative and anti-mineralogenic effects are mediated by MAPK and PI-3K/Ras/Erk pathways in a fish chondrocyte ... Alkaline Phosphatase, Animals, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation, Chondrocytes, Fishes, MAP Kinase Signaling System, ... We recently reported proliferative and anti-mineralogenic effects of vanadate on fish chondrocytes and here we investigate the ... Our data show that vanadate stimulates chondrocyte proliferation through the MAPK pathway, using signalling mechanisms similar ...

https://ccmar.ualg.pt/biblio/vanadate-proliferative-and-anti-mineralogenic-effects-are-mediated-mapk-and-pi-3kraserk-0

Bovine chondrocytes were patterned in a hydrogel to form line-array cell clusters via negative dielectrophoresis (DEP). The ... Bovine chondrocytes were patterned in a hydrogel to form line-array cell clusters via negative dielectrophoresis (DEP). The ... Bovine chondrocytes were patterned in a hydrogel to form line-array cell clusters via negative dielectrophoresis (DEP). The ... Bovine chondrocytes were patterned in a hydrogel to form line-array cell clusters via negative dielectrophoresis (DEP). The ...

https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/ja/publications/dielectrophoretic-micro-organization-of-chondrocytes-to-regenerat

In situ dead chondrocytes were mainly localized to the superficial tangential region of injured cartilage edge after mechanical ... HIF-1α (P = 0.017) and type II collagen (P = 0.034) mRNA yields in the chondrocytes exposed to the balanced salt were ... The osmolarity of irrigation solutions plays an important role in the survival and metabolic state of chondrocytes following ... Increasing osmolarity of irrigation solutions may be chondroprotective with decreasing the chondrocyte death, reducing ...

https://josr-online.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13018-015-0158-z/figures/5

IGF nonresponsiveness as a novel pathogenic mechanism of cartilage destruction in arthritis; Ongevoeligheid van chondrocyten voor IGF-I als nieuw mechanisme van kraakbeendestructie bij arthritis ...

https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/188282

Chondrocyte Chondrocytes Cloning, Molecular Deep Learning Neural Networks, Computer Swine Swine, Miniature U-net YOLO ... based methods to detect articular chondrocytes and chondrocyte clones from safranin-O-stained cartilage to evaluate chondrocyte ... The U-net and "you-only-look-once" (YOLO) models were trained and validated for identifying chondrocytes and chondrocyte clones ... Objective Evaluation of Chondrocyte Density & Cloning after Joint Injury using Convolutional Neural Networks. ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/120309

The recovery process after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) can be challenging for patients and clinicians alike due ... Context: The recovery process after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) can be challenging for patients and clinicians ... Patient Experiences of Recovery After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Athletic Training: ...

https://encompass.eku.edu/fs_research/121/

In immortalized chondrocytes, stimulation with PMA or SIN-1 caused increases in the levels of VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNA ... Immortalized C28/I2 chondrocytes and human knee cartilage explants were exposed to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA; 0-20 μg/ml ... Our findings indicate ROS-mediated induction of VEGF and VEGF receptors in chondrocytes and cartilage explants. These results ... Common RT-PCR revealed that the splice variants were present in both immortalized chondrocytes and cartilage discs. ...

https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar2102

Isolated chondrocytes were then cultured and Alamar blue assay was used for estimation of cell proliferation at days zero, four ... Isolated chondrocytes from all groups were expanded by the following mean proportions after 28 days of culturing: group A ten ... The mean percentage viabilities of chondrocytes isolated from group A (fresh, intact articular cartilage disc samples), group B ... This experiment demonstrated that it is possible to isolate viable chondrocytes from cryopreserved intact human articular ...

https://www.kennedy.ox.ac.uk/publications/107484

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https://www.vjregenmed.com/general/chondrocyte/

Induction by parathyroid hormone of ornithine decarboxylase in rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture. / Takigawa, Masaharu; ... Induction by parathyroid hormone of ornithine decarboxylase in rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture. In: Journal of ... Dive into the research topics of Induction by parathyroid hormone of ornithine decarboxylase in rabbit costal chondrocytes in ... The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture markedly increased after addition of ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/induction-by-parathyroid-hormone-of-ornithine-decarboxylase-in-ra

Therefore, here we detail the steps unique to the processing of human cartilage and chondrocytes. Briefly, cartilage tissue is ... digested to release individual chondrocytes, which can be expanded and manipulated in culture. These cells are then collected ... Preparation of Human Chondrocytes for Profiling Using Cytometry by Time-of-flight (cyTOF) Fiorella Carla Grandi. Nidhi Bhutani ... If working with chondrocytes, we suggest adding SOX9 and CD99 antibodies to your panel, so you can select for SOX9/CD44 high ...

https://bio-protocol.org/e4086

Thus, we aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of deer IGF-1 in chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation response. (nih.gov)
Ectopic expression of β-catenin or inhibition of β-catenin degradation with LiCl or proteasome inhibitor caused de-differentiation of chondrocytes. (biologists.com)
Background: Imbalances in the functional binding of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) to their receptors (FGFRs) have consequences for cell proliferation and differentiation that in chondrocytes may lead to degraded cartilage. (ugr.es)
Supplementation of COMP or Aggrecan was studiedin vitroduring chondrogenic differentiation of rabbit periosteum cells and periosteum-derived chondrocytes. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Our data show that vanadate stimulates chondrocyte proliferation through the MAPK pathway, using signalling mechanisms similar to those used by IGF-1, while it inhibits chondrocyte differentiation/mineralization through a putative PI-3K/Ras/Erk signalling, a pathway shared with insulin. (ualg.pt)
Finally, this work provides additional evidence for the conservation, throughout evolution, of mechanisms regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. (ualg.pt)
Several pieces of evidence from the literature point at a role of polyamines in promoting chondrocyte differentiation. (unibo.it)
We evaluated the effects on molecular markers of chondrocyte differentiation at the level of gene (real time PCR) and protein (western blot and immunohistochemistry) expression as well as the effects on extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling, and caspase activation and mineralization. (unibo.it)
Indeed, samples stimulated with polyamines showed an enhanced mineralization, along with increased caspase activity, indicating increased chondrocyte terminal differentiation. (unibo.it)
In the current manuscript we assessed the expression and biological function of Smad6 during chondrocyte differentiation. (wustl.edu)
We found that the induction of chondrocyte differentiation by BMP-2 in chicken sternal embryonic chondrocytes was accompanied by a marked increase in Smad6 mRNA and protein levels. (wustl.edu)
Therefore, expression studies as well as gain and loss of function experiments suggest that Smad6 participates in an important negative feedback loop whereby BMP-2 mediated effects on chondrocyte differentiation are reduced by induction of Smad6. (wustl.edu)
Effects of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) on condylar chondrocyte proliferation, migration, maturation, differentiation and signalling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
In the present study, we provided the first evidence describing the physiological role of CCN2 in condylar chondrocyte proliferation, migration, maturation and differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Recombinant CCN2 promoted the proliferation, migration, proteoglycan synthesis and differentiation capacity of isolated condylar chondrocytes . (bvsalud.org)
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β superfamily also plays a key role in chondrocyte differentiation. (heightquest.com)
The epigenetic status including histone modification and chromatin structure, directly influences Sox9-regulated chondrocyte differentiation . (heightquest.com)
The microscopical stages of developing humerus associated with the limb bud, apical ectodermal ridge formation, and chondrocyte differentiation on 3rd, 4th, and 5th day, respectively. (vetmedmosul.com)
Does seem to have a direct effect on bone growth in stimulating differentiation of chondrocytes. (awnry.com)
H3K36 methyltransferase NSD1 regulates chondrocyte differentiation for skeletal development and fracture repair. (cornell.edu)

The collagen, fibronectin and hyaluronic acid could be recruited for the fabrication of a biodegradable scaffold that promotes chondrocyte growth for autologous chondrocyte implantation or for formation of cartilage. (bl.uk)
The recovery process after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) can be challenging for patients and clinicians alike due to significant functional limitations and a lengthy healing time. (eku.edu)
Jenny L. Toonstra, Dana Howell, Robert A. English, Christian Lattermann, and Carl G. Mattacola, (2016) Patient Experiences of Recovery After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A Qualitative Study. (eku.edu)
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a procedure to treat the articular cartilage defects of the knee. (uppervalleyortho.com)
Autologous chondrocyte implantation is not indicated if you have advanced arthritis of the knee. (uppervalleyortho.com)
Autologous chondrocyte implantation is a two-stage procedure. (uppervalleyortho.com)
Background: Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) is an established technique for the repair of knee chondral defects. (edu.au)
MyMediTravel currently has no pricing information available for Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI) procedures in Vietnam. (mymeditravel.com)
In addition, as mentioned previously, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is another successful and common therapy, one that has been described since the 1990s (see Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation ). (medscape.com)
the one most commonly seen in current practice is matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI), which is an option for large defects. (medscape.com)
sought to evaluate the utility and limitations of OCT by immediate, high-resolution microstructural analysis of articular repair tissue following allogeneic chondrocyte implantation without excising or sectioning the specimen in a mammalian animal model. (aktinhibitor.com)
Following chondral defect formation and chondrocyte implantation in the trochlear grove of a rabbit knee, the subsequent repair tissue was analyzed by arthroscopic surface imaging, OCT, and histology [25]. (aktinhibitor.com)

Sample Population -Chondrocytes from articular cartilage of 4- and 6 -month old dogs and 2- to 4- year-old horses. (avma.org)
Extracted articular cartilage from the femurs and tibias of 15 Wistar rats at three days old to isolate chondrocytes . (bvsalud.org)
These data suggest that, except from the effect of VEGF on proliferation of synovial membranes, chondrocyte-derived VEGF promotes catabolic pathways in the cartilage itself, thereby leading to a progressive breakdown of the ECM of articular cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
Samples underwent automated controlled freezing at various stages of preparation: as intact articular cartilage discs, as minced articular cartilage, and as chondrocytes immediately after enzymatic isolation from fresh articular cartilage. (ox.ac.uk)
This experiment demonstrated that it is possible to isolate viable chondrocytes from cryopreserved intact human articular cartilage which can then be successfully cultured. (ox.ac.uk)
Long-term repair of porcine articular cartilage using cryopreservable, clinically compatible human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrocytes. (sc-ctsi.org)

Hence, we investigated the effects of exogenously added spermine or spermidine in chondrocyte maturation recapitulated in 3D micromass cultures, to tease out the effects on gene and protein expression of key chondrogenesis regulatory transcription factors, markers and effectors, as well as their posttranscriptional regulation. (unibo.it)
Conclusions: Polyamine pathway can represent a potential target to control and correct chondrocyte inappropriate maturation in osteoarthritis. (unibo.it)
From the mesenchymal condensation of chondroprogenitors to the hypertrophic maturation of chondrocytes, chondrogenesis is sequentially regulated by cross-talk among transcription factors, growth factors, and chromatin structure{altering chromatin structure can alter chondrogenesis} . (heightquest.com)

Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables increase aggrecan synthesis and reduce catabolic and proinflammatory mediator production by human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. (original-asu.com)
DNA methylation regulates Sirtuin 1 expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. (cdc.gov)

The hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in chondrocytes has been shown to accelerate the severity of destabilization of the medial meniscus-induced and age-related osteoarthritis (OA) phenotypes with aberrant chondrocyte hypertrophy and angiogenesis. (elsevier.com)
Meanwhile, we previously reported that miR-483-5p is essential for the initiation and development of OA by stimulating chondrocyte hypertrophy and angiogenesis. (elsevier.com)
Mechanistically, mTORC1 controls the HDAC4-dependent expression of miR-483-5p to stimulate chondrocyte hypertrophy, extracellular matrix degradation, and subchondral bone angiogenesis, and it consequently initiates and accelerates the development of OA. (elsevier.com)
These were able to promote nuclear localization of RUNX-2, the pivotal transcription factor in chondrocyte hypertrophy and osteoblast generation. (unibo.it)
The study also aimed at inducing chondrocytes hypertrophy and cartilage matrix deposition in cells growing in the BCP scaffold. (nyu.edu)

It is concluded that caffeine at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0mM has a direct inhibitory effect on chondrogenesis in cultures of chondrocytes from rats . (bvsalud.org)

Expression ofβ-catenin was high in prechondrogenic mesenchymal cells, but significantly decreased in differentiated chondrocytes both in vivo and in vitro. (biologists.com)
An in vitro OA‑like chondrocyte model was established using IL‑1β‑stimulated human SW‑1353 chondrocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)
The in vitro monolayer culture of primary chondrocyte causes morphological change characterized as dedifferentiation. (bl.uk)
A novel method was developed to isolate and purify the primary chondrocytes from knee joint of neonate Sprague-Dawley rat, and the effect of some supplementations such as hyaluronic acid and antibiotics were also investigated to provide the most appropriate condition for in vitro culture of chondrocyte cells. (bl.uk)
We established an in vitro cell model using human articular primary chondrocytes challenged with an excess of HGA (0.33 mM). (unisi.it)
Been reported in the bremsmits about this and an inflammatory in vitro system of OA (interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) treated chondrocytes). (stephaniemurphyforcongress.com)

The purpose of this study was to identify whether chondrocyte outgrowth into a 3D scaffold could be observed following single impact load and culture. (biomedcentral.com)
Following single impact load and culture, chondrocytes were observed in a 3D gelatin scaffold under all culture conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
This apparent mobilisation of chondrocytes has also been described following significant cartilage damage (mincing), where the chondrocytes were observed to be migrating into a 3D scaffold. (biomedcentral.com)
This work demonstrates that cartilage can be stimulated sufficiently to mobilise chondrocytes to sites of damage and beyond, into a scaffold, and that these mobilised cells have distinct and exciting clinical possibilities. (biomedcentral.com)
For the in vivo cell tracking, DBCO-650-labeled chondrocytes (1 × 10 6 cells) seeded on the 3D scaffold were subcutaneously implanted into mice and the transplanted DBCO-650-labeled chondrocytes could be effectively tracked in the prolonged time period of 4 weeks using NIRF imaging technology. (elsevier.com)
This clinical trial is a new approach to treatment of cartilage lesions with autologous chondrocyte transplantation supplemented with a scaffold. (patellofemoralcenter.com)
Scaffold embedded GNR (SGNR) and NIR (near infrared) irradiations are developing into an interesting medical prognosis tool for rabbit chondrocyte (RC) proliferation. (elsevier.com)
The aim of the study was to establish a method of growing chondrocytes in a well characterized biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffold. (nyu.edu)

The present study investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of CGA on interleukin (IL)‑1β‑induced osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. (spandidos-publications.com)
Human chondrocytes were isolated from donors with osteoarthritis who were treated with TKA. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)

We have investigated the role ofβ-catenin in the regulation of the chondrocyte phenotype. (biologists.com)
TGF-β1, 2 and 3 caused chondrocytes to obtain fibroblastic phenotype, alongside an increase in apoptosis. (bl.uk)
Manipulated TGF-β showed huge impact on formation of fibroblast like morphology of chondrocytes with chondrocytic phenotype. (bl.uk)
Finally, TGF-beta cannot restore the chondrocyte phenotype in dedifferentiated cells nor limit the dedifferentiation process. (bb-c.fr)

Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation for the repair of cartilage defects of the knee: systematic clinical data review and study quality analysis. (elsevier.com)
PURPOSE: To analyze and assess the quality of clinical studies on different products in the emerging field of matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation. (elsevier.com)
METHODS: For this review, a literature search was performed to identify all published and unpublished clinical studies of matrix-assisted (second-generation) autologous chondrocyte transplantation using the following medical electronic databases: MEDLINE, MEDLINE preprints, EMBASE, CINAHL, Life Science Citations, and British National Library of Health, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). (elsevier.com)
CONCLUSION: The quality of the currently available data on second-generation autologous chondrocyte transplantation is still limited by study designs. (elsevier.com)
Dive into the research topics of 'Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation for the repair of cartilage defects of the knee: systematic clinical data review and study quality analysis. (elsevier.com)
This is a clinical investigation of the efficacy of NOVOCART 3D ® Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation System (Aesculap, Breinigsville, PA) for the treatment of isolated cartilage lesions. (patellofemoralcenter.com)

This study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of deer IGF-1 on primary chondrocyte viability and presents a candidate for combatting inflammatory responses in OA development. (nih.gov)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concentrations of caffeine on the viability, synthesis activity and gene expression in cultures of chondrocytes . (bvsalud.org)
The viability and proliferation of human chondrocytes following cryopreservation. (ox.ac.uk)
We used this experimental model to undertake pre-clinical testing of potential antioxidative therapies for AKU, evaluating apoptosis, viability, proliferation, and metabolism of chondrocytes exposed to HGA and treated with NAC and ASC administered alone or in combination addition of both. (unisi.it)

Addition of 0.1mg/ml hyaluronic acid in chondrocyte culture media resulted an increase in primary chondrocyte proliferation and helped the cells to maintain chondrocytic morphology. (bl.uk)
The chondrocyte cultures of all groups grown under coverslips were stained with hematoxylin - eosin to determine the percentage of cells /field and with PAS, safranin O, alcian blue to determine the percentage of matrix chondrogenic/field at 21 days. (bvsalud.org)
This response is characterised by the appearance of chondrocyte repair cells on damaged cartilage. (biomedcentral.com)
First, chondrocytes were treated with tetraacetylated N-azidoacetyl-D-mannosamine (Ac 4 ManNAz) to generate unnatural azide groups (-N 3 ) on the surface of the cells. (elsevier.com)
In the case of human cartilage biology, such experiments allowed for the isolation of cartilage-progenitor cells (CPCs) and other types of chondrocytes using a limited set of markers. (bio-protocol.org)
Chondrocytes from ADAMTS5-null mice were aggrecanase-inactive whereas all other mutant cells behaved as wild type in this regard suggesting that ADAMTS5 activity is not controlled by CD44, syndecan-1 or MT4MMP in this system. (illinois.edu)
the addition of HPLC-purified 1, 25-(OH) 2 D 3 produced by growth zone chondrocytes elicited a dose-dependent stimulation of alkaline phosphatase specific activity in growth zone cell cultures, but had no effect on the resting zone cells. (uthscsa.edu)
Specifically, the COMP protein is located in the extracellular matrix surrounding the cells that make up ligaments and tendons, and near cartilage-forming cells (chondrocytes). (medlineplus.gov)
C ) Chondrocytes were treated with miR-224-5p agomir-ctrl or miR-224-5p agomir and RT-qPCR was performed to measure CCL1 levels in cells. (aging-us.com)
Human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSC) are pluripotent cells with the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myelosupportive stroma, and marrow adipocytes. (elsevier.com)

The chondrocytes produced an extracellular matrix which was studied by immunostaining. (semanticscholar.org)
Design: Different combinations of dietary polyphenols derived from plant extracts were assayed in FGFR3 (G380R) mutated murine chondrocytes, exploring cell survival, chloride efflux, extracellular matrix (ECM) generation, and grade of activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. (ugr.es)

primary chondrocyte. (nih.gov)
The effect of TGF-β1, 2, 3, and their manipulated forms in biological regulation of primary chondrocyte was investigated in this work. (bl.uk)

An attachment assay was used to test the ability of chondrocytes to adhere to collagen type- II coated-chamber slides in the presence of CFX and with Mg 2+ -free medium. (avma.org)
On day 1 of culture, adhesion of chondrocytes to collagen type II was reduced to 70 and 45% of control values in the CFX treatment and Mg 2+ -free treatment groups, respectively. (avma.org)
Chondrocyte cell death and intracellular distribution of COMP and type IX collagen in the pseudoachondroplasia growth plate. (medlineplus.gov)
Cartilage is made of water (70%) and a type II collagen framework with proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (consisting mainly of aggrecan and also chondroitin), produced by chondrocytes. (bmj.com)
5. Henrotin YE, Deberg MA, Crielaard JM, Piccardi N, Msika P, Sanchez C. Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables prevent the inhibitory effect of osteoarthritic subchondral osteoblasts on aggrecan and type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes. (original-asu.com)
Both chondrocyte insensitivity to growth factors and microstructural loss of collagen organization are seen in the earliest stages of cartilage degeneration and therefore give support to OCT as a nondestructive imaging modality for early diagnosis of cartilage pathology [5, 7]. (aktinhibitor.com)

Inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis by hyaluronic acid in chondrocytes in culture. (bvsalud.org)

Bovine chondrocytes were patterned in a hydrogel to form line-array cell clusters via negative dielectrophoresis (DEP). (elsevier.com)
Confluent fourth passage rat costochondral growth zone or resting zone chondrocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium containing [ 3 H]25-hy-droxyvitamin D 3 ([ 3 H]250HD 3 ), 2% fetal bovine serum, and antibiotics. (uthscsa.edu)

Objective: We explored the possible effects of polyphenols in the management of osteoarticular diseases using a model based on the transduction of a mutated human FGFR3 (G380R) in murine chondrocytes. (ugr.es)
Therefore, here we detail the steps unique to the processing of human cartilage and chondrocytes. (bio-protocol.org)
The hypothesis of this study was that indigo carmine damages human chondrocytes in a time and concentration dependent manner. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Indigo carmine, human chondrocytes, toxicity. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
The effect of the selective human MC3 receptor agonist PG992 on high density human chondrocyte micromass cultures activated by IL-1beta. (westminster.ac.uk)

The underlying molecular mechanism of deer IGF-1 on primary chondrocytes was investigated by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology combined with various experiments. (nih.gov)

The stimulatory effect of CCN2 on chondrocyte proliferation was associated with the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase /Akt signalling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
The blocking of this pathway by its inhibitor LY294002 impaired the proliferative effect of CCN2 on chondrocytes . (bvsalud.org)

Vanadate proliferative and anti-mineralogenic effects are mediated by MAPK and PI-3K/Ras/Erk pathways in a fish chondrocyte cell line. (ualg.pt)
We recently reported proliferative and anti-mineralogenic effects of vanadate on fish chondrocytes and here we investigate the signalling pathways associated with these effects. (ualg.pt)
Stress induced signaling pathways in hyalin chondrocytes: inhibition by Avocado Soybean Unsaponifiables (ASU). (original-asu.com)

The results indicate that the embedded chondrocytes remained viable and reconstructed cartilaginous tissue along the patterned cell array. (elsevier.com)
Briefly, cartilage tissue is digested to release individual chondrocytes, which can be expanded and manipulated in culture. (bio-protocol.org)
2020). We first describe how to process patient-derived cartilage tissue to release individual chondrocytes, which can be expanded and manipulated in culture. (bio-protocol.org)
Section A of this protocol details how to process cartilage tissue to extract chondrocytes, which can then be cultured and manipulated. (bio-protocol.org)
The first changes to emerge, at the cellular level, involve the cessation of the deposition of inorganic mineral in the cartilaginous tissue, between the hypertrophic columns of chondrocytes. (cdc.gov)

After the chondrocytes were isolated and suspended for cultivation, the cultures were incubated for 10 days. (cliniquetagmed.com)

Chondrocytes play an important role in bone formation (osteogenesis). (medlineplus.gov)

The healing process of the wound closure assay of chondrocyte monolayers were slowed down by all three isoforms of TGF-β. (bl.uk)
Isolated chondrocytes were then cultured and Alamar blue assay was used for estimation of cell proliferation at days zero, four, seven, 14, 21 and 28 after seeding. (ox.ac.uk)

CBM TM is a Chondrocyte cell growth basal medium sold separately. (lonza.com)
This can be used with 1 kit of CC-4409 (chondrocyte cell growth medium SingleQuots TM Supplements and Growth Factors). (lonza.com)
CGM TM Chondrocyte Growth Medium is specially designed for expansion of chondrocytes. (lonza.com)
The BulletKit TM is conveniently packaged with basal medium and supplements included for the growth of chondrocytes. (lonza.com)
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and articular chondrocytes. (bb-c.fr)
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has a dual effect on the proliferation of joint chondrocytes. (bb-c.fr)
resting zone chondrocytes respond primarily to 24, 25-(OH) 2 D 3 , whereas growth zone chondrocytes respond primarily to 1, 25-(OH) 2 D 3 . (uthscsa.edu)
The results of this study demonstrate that growth zone and resting zone chondrocytes can metabolize 250HD 3 to both 1, 25-(OH) 2 D 3 and 24, 25-(OH) 2 D 3 . (uthscsa.edu)
The premature death of chondrocytes results in diminished growth of the long bones and short stature. (medlineplus.gov)
Avocado/soya unsaponifiables enhance the expression of transforming growth factor beta1 and beta2 in cultured articular chondrocytes. (original-asu.com)
Author Correction: gp130/STAT3 signaling is required for homeostatic proliferation and anabolism in postnatal growth plate and articular chondrocytes. (sc-ctsi.org)
NAC decreased apoptosis induced in chondrocytes by HGA, increased chondrocyte growth reduced by HGA, and partially restored proteoglycan release inhibited by HGA. (unisi.it)

The activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in rabbit costal chondrocytes in culture markedly increased after addition of parathyroid hormone (PTH), reaching a maximum 4 to 5 h after PTH addition. (elsevier.com)

COMP mutations: domain-dependent relationship between abnormal chondrocyte trafficking and clinical PSACH and MED phenotypes. (medlineplus.gov)

Previous research has also indicated that IL-1β, or other certain stimuli including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), may activate nuclear factor (NF)-κB ( 8 ), which regulates the expression of several other proinflammatory cytokines and proteases, and mediates critical events in the inflammatory responses of chondrocytes ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Deer IGF-1 also attenuated the IL-1β-induced inflammatory and ECM degradation in chondrocytes. (nih.gov)

Cartilage cell, called chondrocyte is embedded in the matrix (Lacunae) and has round shape in vivo. (bl.uk)

All three types of TGF-β negatively affected the strength of chondrocyte adhesion. (bl.uk)

In immortalized chondrocytes, stimulation with PMA or SIN-1 caused increases in the levels of VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNA expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Mutations in the COMP gene that cause pseudoachondroplasia also result in the buildup of COMP protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and eventual chondrocyte death. (medlineplus.gov)

This is both, sufficient for visualizing a fistula in a possible clinical application and could be protective for chondrocytes. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)

Chondrocytes were cultured in chondrogenic medium (control) or supplemented with caffeine (0.5, 1.0, 2.0mM). (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy27

Organisms4

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Cloning of a novel gene specifically expressed in clonal mouse chondroprogenitor-like EC cells, ATDC5. (1/3820)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta production by nitric oxide-treated chondrocytes: implications for matrix synthesis. (2/3820)

Expression of both P1 and P2 purine receptor genes by human articular chondrocytes and profile of ligand-mediated prostaglandin E2 release. (3/3820)

Molecular cloning of mouse and bovine chondromodulin-II cDNAs and the growth-promoting actions of bovine recombinant protein. (4/3820)

Gene transfer of cytokine inhibitors into human synovial fibroblasts in the SCID mouse model. (5/3820)

Transduction mechanisms of porcine chondrocyte inorganic pyrophosphate elaboration. (6/3820)

COL9A3: A third locus for multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. (7/3820)

Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. (8/3820)

Chondrocytes

Cartilage, Articular

Cartilage

Growth Plate

Osteoarthritis

Collagen Type II

Matrix Metalloproteinase 13

Aggrecans

Cells, Cultured

Chondrogenesis

Proteoglycans

Collagen Type X

SOX9 Transcription Factor

Extracellular Matrix Proteins

Glycosaminoglycans

Chondrosarcoma

Collagen

Bone Development

Cell Differentiation

Extracellular Matrix

Osteoarthritis, Knee

Cartilage Diseases

Matrix Metalloproteinase 3

RNA, Messenger

Interleukin-1beta

Chick Embryo

Cattle

Interleukin-1

Tissue Engineering

Alginates

Collagenases

Hyaluronic Acid

Osteogenesis

Ear Cartilage

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Osteochondrodysplasias

Hypertrophy

Metatarsal Bones

Rabbits

Gene Expression

Stifle

Matrilin Proteins

Glucuronic Acid

Procollagen N-Endopeptidase

Bone and Bones

Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2

Hexuronic Acids

Matrix Metalloproteinase 1

Collagen Type IX

Cell Culture Techniques

Knee Joint

Epiphyses

Calcification, Physiologic

Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein

Stress, Mechanical

Synovial Membrane

Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

Cell Dedifferentiation

Gene Expression Regulation

Tibia

Signal Transduction

Sepharose

Lectins, C-Type

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Immunohistochemistry

Matrix Metalloproteinases

Hyaline Cartilage

Joints

Ribs

Chondroitin Sulfates

High Mobility Group Proteins

Glucosamine

Dinoprostone

Tissue Scaffolds

Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Osteoblasts

Achondroplasia

Sulfates

ADAM Proteins