Choline kinase. Medical search

An enzyme that is active in the first step of choline phosphoglyceride (lecithin) biosynthesis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of choline to phosphorylcholine in the presence of ATP. Ethanolamine and its methyl and ethyl derivatives can also act as acceptors. EC 2.7.1.32.

Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides.

Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.

A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

A potent inhibitor of the high affinity uptake system for CHOLINE. It has less effect on the low affinity uptake system. Since choline is one of the components of ACETYLCHOLINE, treatment with hemicholinium can deplete acetylcholine from cholinergic terminals. Hemicholinium 3 is commonly used as a research tool in animal and in vitro experiments.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline. EC 2.3.1.6.

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of cytidylate (CMP) to choline phosphate to form CDPcholine. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. Its activity is increased by glucocorticoids. EC 2.7.7.15.

A rather large group of enzymes comprising not only those transferring phosphate but also diphosphate, nucleotidyl residues, and others. These have also been subdivided according to the acceptor group. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

A viscous, hygroscopic amino alcohol with an ammoniacal odor. It is widely distributed in biological tissue and is a component of lecithin. It is used as a surfactant, fluorimetric reagent, and to remove CO2 and H2S from natural gas and other gases.

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)

An antidepressive agent that has also been used in the treatment of movement disorders. The mechanism of action is not well understood.

A mercaptocholine used as a reagent for the determination of CHOLINESTERASES. It also serves as a highly selective nerve stain.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

The chemical processes, enzymatic activities, and pathways of living things and related temporal, dimensional, qualitative, and quantitative concepts.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

Agents that have a damaging effect on the HEART. Such damage can occur from ALKYLATING AGENTS; FREE RADICALS; or metabolites from OXIDATIVE STRESS and in some cases is countered by CARDIOTONIC AGENTS. Induction of LONG QT SYNDROME or TORSADES DE POINTES has been the reason for viewing some drugs as cardiotoxins.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that regulates a variety of cellular processes including CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; APOPTOSIS; and cellular responses to INFLAMMATION. The P38 MAP kinases are regulated by CYTOKINE RECEPTORS and can be activated in response to bacterial pathogens.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

A group of enzymes that transfers a phosphate group onto an alcohol group acceptor. EC 2.7.1.

AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A family of serine-threonine kinases that bind to and are activated by MONOMERIC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS such as RAC GTP-BINDING PROTEINS and CDC42 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN. They are intracellular signaling kinases that play a role the regulation of cytoskeletal organization.

A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)

A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.

A subgroup of mitogen-activated protein kinases that activate TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1 via the phosphorylation of C-JUN PROTEINS. They are components of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate CELL PROLIFERATION; APOPTOSIS; and CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. It phosphorylates a number of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS.

An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidylcholines from CDPcholine and 1,2-diacylglycerols. EC 2.7.8.2.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.

An enzyme bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane that catalyzes the oxidation of CHOLINE to BETAINE.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

A transferase that catalyzes formation of PHOSPHOCREATINE from ATP + CREATINE. The reaction stores ATP energy as phosphocreatine. Three cytoplasmic ISOENZYMES have been identified in human tissues: the MM type from SKELETAL MUSCLE, the MB type from myocardial tissue and the BB type from nervous tissue as well as a mitochondrial isoenzyme. Macro-creatine kinase refers to creatine kinase complexed with other serum proteins.

A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.

Phosphoprotein with protein kinase activity that functions in the G2/M phase transition of the CELL CYCLE. It is the catalytic subunit of the MATURATION-PROMOTING FACTOR and complexes with both CYCLIN A and CYCLIN B in mammalian cells. The maximal activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 is achieved when it is fully dephosphorylated.

Protein kinases that control cell cycle progression in all eukaryotes and require physical association with CYCLINS to achieve full enzymatic activity. Cyclin-dependent kinases are regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) are serine-threonine protein kinases that initiate protein kinase signaling cascades. They phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKs) which in turn phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs).

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A dsRNA-activated cAMP-independent protein serine/threonine kinase that is induced by interferon. In the presence of dsRNA and ATP, the kinase autophosphorylates on several serine and threonine residues. The phosphorylated enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-2, leading to the inhibition of protein synthesis.

A ubiquitous casein kinase that is comprised of two distinct catalytic subunits and dimeric regulatory subunit. Casein kinase II has been shown to phosphorylate a large number of substrates, many of which are proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression.

A group of protein-serine-threonine kinases that was originally identified as being responsible for the PHOSPHORYLATION of CASEINS. They are ubiquitous enzymes that have a preference for acidic proteins. Casein kinases play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION by phosphorylating a variety of regulatory cytoplasmic and regulatory nuclear proteins.

A class of enzymes that transfers nucleotidyl residues. EC 2.7.7.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Phosphorylation and regulation of choline kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by protein kinase A. (1/136)

The CKI1-encoded choline kinase (ATP:choline phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.32) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was phosphorylated in vivo on multiple serine residues. Activation of protein kinase A activity in vivo resulted in a transient increase in the phosphorylation of choline kinase. This phosphorylation was accompanied by a stimulation in choline kinase activity. In vitro, protein kinase A phosphorylated choline kinase on a serine residue with a stoichiometry (0.44 mol of phosphate/mol of choline kinase) consistent with one phosphorylation site/choline kinase subunit. The major phosphopeptide derived from the enzyme phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase A was common to one of the major phosphopeptides derived from the enzyme phosphorylated in vivo. Protein kinase A activity was dose- and time-dependent and dependent on the concentrations of ATP (Km 2.1 microM) and choline kinase (Km 0.12 microM). Phosphorylation of choline kinase with protein kinase A resulted in a stimulation (1.9-fold) in choline kinase activity whereas alkaline phosphatase treatment of choline kinase resulted in a 60% decrease in choline kinase activity. The mechanism of the protein kinase A-mediated stimulation in choline kinase activity involved an increase in the apparent Vmax values with respect to ATP (2.6-fold) and choline (2.7-fold). Overall, the results reported here were consistent with the conclusion that choline kinase was regulated by protein kinase A phosphorylation. (+info)

In vivo antitumor activity of choline kinase inhibitors: a novel target for anticancer drug discovery. (2/136)

Transformation by some oncogenes is associated with increased activity of choline kinase (ChoK), resulting in elevated constitutive levels of phosphorylcholine, a proposed second messenger required for DNA synthesis induced by growth factors. Here we describe the characterization of ChoK inhibitors with antiproliferative properties against human tumor-derived cell lines. The new molecules were tolerated in mice at doses that showed in vivo antitumor activity against human tumor xenografts derived from HT-29 and A431 cell lines implanted s.c. in nude mice. This first generation of inhibitors provides in vivo evidence that blockade of phosphorylcholine production is a valid strategy for the development of new anticancer agents, opening a new avenue for the development of antitumor drugs with a novel mechanism of action. (+info)

Extracellular calcium stimulates DNA synthesis in synergism with zinc, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in fibroblasts. (3/136)

In serum-starved mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts cultured in 1.8 mM Ca2+-containing medium, addition of 0.75-2 mM extra Ca2+ stimulated DNA synthesis in synergism with zinc (15-60 microM), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I. Extra Ca2+ stimulated phosphorylation/activation of p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases by an initially (10 min) zinc-independent mechanism; however, insulin, and particularly zinc, significantly prolonged Ca2+-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. In addition, extra Ca2+ activated p70 S6 kinase by a zinc-dependent mechanism and enhanced the stimulatory effect of zinc on choline kinase activity. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I also commonly increased both p70 S6 kinase and choline kinase activities. In support of the role of the choline kinase product phosphocholine in the mediation of mitogenic Ca2+ effects, cotreatments with the choline kinase substrate choline (250 microM) and the choline kinase inhibitor hemicholinium-3 (2 mM) enhanced and inhibited, respectively, the combined stimulatory effect of extra Ca2+ (3.8 mM total) and zinc on DNA synthesis. In various human skin fibroblast lines, 1-2 mM extra Ca2+ also stimulated DNA synthesis in synergism with zinc and insulin. The results show that in various fibroblast cultures, high concentrations of extracellular Ca2+ can collaborate with zinc and certain growth factors to stimulate DNA synthesis. Considering the high concentration of extracellular Ca2+ in the dermal layer, Ca2+ may promote fibroblast growth during wound healing in concert with zinc, insulin growth factor-I insulin, and perhaps other growth factors. (+info)

Structure and characterization of the genes for murine choline/ethanolamine kinase isozymes alpha and beta. (4/136)

Choline/ethanolamine kinase (CK/EK) is the first enzyme in phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis in all animal cells. The highly purified CKs from mammalian sources and their recombinant gene products so far were all shown to have EK activity also, indicating that both activities reside on the same protein. CK/EK in most animal cells exists as several isoforms, for two of which (alpha and beta) their cDNAs have been cloned from both the rat and mouse, and they are found to be separate gene products. The physiological significance for the existence of more than one CK/EK enzyme, however, remains to be clarified. In this study, we isolated mouse genes encoding both types of CK/EK isozyme and determined their entire structure. The 5'-flanking promoter regions were found to have quite different features from each other, indicating that their expression could be under distinct control. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence between the corresponding coding exons showed the best homology (75%) residing on exon VIII. A search of the database resulted in the possible existence of 17 different origins of eukaryotic CK and/or EK, each of which presumably contained the entire amino acid sequence. Multialignment of their putative amino acid sequences led to an identification of the novel consensus sequence possibly required for the expression of either CK or EK activity, which corresponded to the sequence within exons VII and VIII of CK/EK-alpha and -beta genes from the mouse. This sequence was localized in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the general (Brenner's) phosphotransferase concensus sequence which was also completely conserved in all of the putative eukaryotic CK/EK proteins. The results demonstrated that, while both CK/EK-alpha and -beta genes were composed of 11 major exons, the size of their genes was quite different: 40 kb for CK/EK-alpha, whereas it was only 3.5 kb for CK/EK-beta. (+info)

Novel expression of equivocal messages containing both regions of choline/ethanolamine kinase and muscle type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. (5/136)

For characterization of the detailed gene structure of human muscle type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (M-CPTI), we analyzed the 5'-upstream region of the M-CPTI transcripts. As a result, we found a cDNA clone containing a nucleotide sequence unexpected from the reported M-CPTI gene structure in the upstream region of its 5' end. Comparison of this nucleotide sequence with that of genomic DNA showed that this sequence was derived from the 3'-untranslated region of the gene encoding choline/ethanolamine kinase-beta (CK/EK-beta) located upstream of the M-CPTI gene. Southern blot analysis showed that there was no other region homologous to the CK/EK-beta gene in the whole human genome. Thus, the overlapping transcript was concluded to be produced from the functional genes of CK/EK-beta and M-CPTI. Furthermore, cDNAs containing both exons of these genes were detected by the polymerase chain reaction using the cDNA of human heart M-CPTI obtained by specific reverse transcription from its 3'-untranslated region as a template. From these results, the production and organization of these overlapping transcripts are discussed. (+info)

Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is associated with induction of phosphatidylinositol accumulation and cytolysis of neoplastic cell lines. (6/136)

De novo production of phosphatidic acid (PA) in tumor cells is required for phospholipid biosynthesis and growth of tumor cells. In addition, PA production by phospholipase D has been cited among the effects of certain oncogenes and growth factors. In this report, it has been demonstrated that enhanced phospholipid metabolism through PA in tumor cells can be exploited pharmacologically for development of anticancer agents, such as CT-2584, a cancer chemotherapeutic drug candidate currently in Phase II clinical trials. By inhibiting CTP:choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (CT), CT-2584 caused de novo phospholipid biosynthesis via PA to be shunted away from phosphatidylcholine (PC) and into phosphatidylinositol (PI), the latter of which was doubled in a variety of CT-2584-treated tumor cell lines. In contrast, cytotoxic concentrations of cisplatin did not induce accumulation of PI, indicating that PI elevation by CT-2584 was not a general consequence of chemotherapy-induced cell death. Consistent with this mechanism of action, propranolol, an inhibitor of PA phosphohydrolase and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, was also cytotoxic to tumor cell lines, induced PI accumulation, and potentiated the activity of CT-2584 in cytotoxicity assays. As expected from biophysical properties of anionic phospholipids on cellular membranes, CT-2584 cytotoxicity was associated with disruption and swelling of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. We conclude that CT-2584 effects a novel mechanism of cytotoxicity to cancer cells, involving a specific modulation of phospholipid metabolism. (+info)

Modulation of phospholipase D by hexadecylphosphorylcholine: a putative novel mechanism for its antitumoral activity. (7/136)

Hexadecylphosphorylcholine (HePC, D-18506, INN: Mitelfosine) belongs to the family of alkylphosphocholines with anticancer activity. Previous reports have related its antitumoral activity to their ability to interfere with phospholipid metabolism. However a clear mechanism of action has not been established yet. We have investigated the effect of HePC on two enzymes recently reported to play a role in cell growth proliferation, phospholipase D (PLD) and choline kinase (ChoK). Our results demonstrate that treatment with HePC induces a rapid stimulation of PLD, that may be achieved by PKC dependent or independent mechanisms, depending on the cell line investigated. Both PLD1 and PLD2 isoenzymes are sensitive to HePC activation. By contrast, no effect was observed by HePC on ChoK, a new target for anticancer drug development. Furthermore, in all cell lines tested, a chronic exposure of the cells to HePC abrogates PLD activation by either phorbol esters or HePC itself with no effect on total cellular PLD levels. This is reflected in a strong inhibition of PLD activity. We suggest that the inhibitory effects on PLD by HePC may be related to its antitumoral action. (+info)

Regulation of choline kinase activity by Ras proteins involves Ral-GDS and PI3K. (8/136)

Ras proteins are molecular switches that control signaling pathways critical in the onset of a variety of human cancers. The signaling pathways activated by Ras proteins are those controlled by its direct effectors such as the serine-threonine protein kinase Raf-1, the exchange factor for other GTPases Ral-GDS, and the lipid kinase PI3K. As a consequence of Ras activation, a number of additional enzymes are affected, including several members of the serine-threonine intracellular proteins kinases as well as enzymes related to phospholipid metabolism regulation such as phospholipases A2 and D, and choline kinase. The precise mechanisms by which ras oncogenes impinge into these later molecules and their relevance to the onset of the carcinogenic process is still not fully understood. Here we have investigated the mechanism of regulation of choline kinase by Ras proteins and found no direct link between PLD and choline kinase activation. We provide evidence that Ras proteins regulate the activity of choline kinase through its direct effectors Ral-GDS and PI3K, while the Raf pathways seems to be not relevant in this process. The importance of Ras-dependent activation of choline kinase is discussed. (+info)

Spanner S, Ansell GB (1979). "Choline kinase and ethanolamine kinase activity in the cytosol of nerve endings from rat ... Choline kinase alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHKA gene. The major pathway for the biosynthesis of ... 2002). "Overexpression of choline kinase is a frequent feature in human tumor-derived cell lines and in lung, prostate, and ... "Entrez Gene: CHKA choline kinase alpha". Hoek KS, Schlegel NC, Eichhoff OM, et al. (2008). "Novel MITF targets identified using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHKA

Choline kinase beta is a protein encoded by the CHKB gene. This gene is found on chromosome 22 in humans. Choline kinase (CK) ... The choline kinase-like protein encoded by CHKL belongs to the choline/ethanolamine kinase family; however, its exact function ... "Entrez Gene: CHKB choline kinase beta". Human CHKB genome location and CHKB gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Human ... Ishidate K (1997). "Choline/ethanolamine kinase from mammalian tissues". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1348 (1-2): 70-8. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHKB_(gene)

Ramírez de Molina A, Penalva V, Lucas L, Lacal JC (2002). "Regulation of choline kinase activity by Ras proteins involves Ral- ... a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase ... Li W, Han M, Guan KL (April 2000). "The leucine-rich repeat protein SUR-8 enhances MAP kinase activation and forms a complex ... "Role of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase in cell transformation and control of the actin cytoskeleton by Ras". Cell. 89 (3): 457-67 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RALGDS

2007). "Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum choline kinase by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide: a possible antimalarial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miltefosine

... is made in a reaction, catalyzed by choline kinase, that converts ATP and choline into phosphocholine and ADP. ... Alkylphosphocholines Choline Phosphoethanolamine Lovell TM, Woods RJ, Butlin DJ, et al. (September 2007). "Identification of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphocholine

... may refer to: Choline kinase beta, a human gene Christian Historical Voters' League, a Dutch conservative protestant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHKB

... glycerone kinase EC 2.7.1.30: glycerol kinase EC 2.7.1.31: glycerate kinase EC 2.7.1.32: choline kinase EC 2.7.1.33: ... subunit kinase EC 2.7.11.24: mitogen-activated protein kinase EC 2.7.11.25: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase EC ... EC 2.7.1.71: shikimate kinase EC 2.7.1.72: streptomycin 6-kinase EC 2.7.1.73: inosine kinase EC 2.7.1.74: deoxycytidine kinase ... NAD+ kinase EC 2.7.1.24: dephospho-CoA kinase EC 2.7.1.25: adenylyl-sulfate kinase EC 2.7.1.26: riboflavin kinase EC 2.7.1.27: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)

... adenosine kinase MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.155 --- choline kinase MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.175 --- deoxycytidine kinase MeSH ... map kinase kinase kinases MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.100 --- map kinase kinase kinase 1 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682. ... map kinase kinase kinase 2 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.300 --- map kinase kinase kinase 3 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682 ... map kinase kinase kinase 4 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682.700.559.500 --- map kinase kinase kinase 5 MeSH D08.811.913.696.620.682 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)

... particularly those with defects in choline acetyltransferase, downstream kinase 7, and those where any kind of defect causes " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amifampridine

... (also known as CK,ChoK and choline phosphokinase) is an enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction in the choline ... which showed for the first time that choline kinase α can act as a protein chaperone (Asim et al., 2016 ;JNCI "Choline kinase ... Peisach, D; Gee, P; Kent, C; Xu, Z (2003). "The Crystal Structure of Choline Kinase Reveals a Eukaryotic Protein Kinase Fold". ... A related enzyme, ethanolamine kinase, tends to co-purify with choline kinase leading to a suggestion that the two activities ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline_kinase

Sung CP, Johnstone RM (1967). "Phosphorylation of choline and ethanolamine in Ehrlich ascites-carcinoma cells". Biochem. J. 105 ... In enzymology, an ethanolamine kinase (EC 2.7.1.82) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + ethanolamine ⇌ {\ ... Other names in common use include ethanolamine kinase (phosphorylating), and ethanolamine phosphokinase. This enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolamine_kinase

Mst other cells will phosphorylate choline by the enzyme choline kinase, the first committed step of CDP-choline pathway. ... Under normal circumstances, choline kinase is not the rate-limiting step of the CDP-choline pathway. However in rapidly ... Choline kinase (CK) is a cytosolic protein that catalyzes the following reaction: choline + ATP ⇌ phosphocholine + ADP In ... The first enzymatic reaction is catalyzed by choline kinase (CK) and involves the phosphorylation of choline to form ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDP-choline_pathway

In molecular biology, the choline/ethanolamine kinase family includes choline kinase(EC 2.7.1.32) and ethanolamine kinase (EC ... Ethanolamine kinase has no choline kinase activity and its activity is inhibited by ADP. Inositol supplementation represses ... Kim KH, Voelker DR, Flocco MT, Carman GM (March 1998). "Expression, purification, and characterization of choline kinase, ... There are two putative choline/ethanolamine kinases (C/EKs) in the Trypanosoma brucei genome. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline/ethanolamine_kinase_family

These include transferrin receptor, choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase A, RNF168, serine/threonine-protein kinase, nuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3q29_microdeletion_syndrome

It was identified as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate CDK2 kinase ... Niculescu MD; Yamamuro Y; Zeisel SH (2004). "Choline availability modulates human neuroblastoma cell proliferation and alters ... Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDKN3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene ... 2000). "Overexpression of kinase-associated phosphatase (KAP) in breast and prostate cancer and inhibition of the transformed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDKN3

TYK and controls the signalling indicating that PLD is activated by these kinases. As choline is very abundant in the cell, PLD ... Phosphatidyl choline Phosphatidate Choline Phospholipase cleavage sites Jenkins GM, Frohman MA (October 2005). "Phospholipase D ... As choline has little second messenger activity, PLD activity is mostly transduced by the production of PA. PA is heavily ... Paruch S, El-Benna J, Djerdjouri B, Marullo S, Périanin A (January 2006). "A role of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_D

Activation of PC-specific PLDs occurs as a consequence of agonist stimulation of both tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled ... catalyze the hydrolysis of PC to produce phosphatidic acid and choline. ... "Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of phospholipase D2 by protein kinase C delta in rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 cells". J. Biol ... "Phosphorylation-dependent regulation of phospholipase D2 by protein kinase C delta in rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 cells". J. Biol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLD2

A range of agonists acting through G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases stimulate this hydrolysis. PC- ... EC 3.1.4.4 catalyze the hydrolysis of PC to produce phosphatidic acid and choline. ... Protein kinase N1 RALA, and RHOA. VU-0359595: 1,700-fold selective versus phospholipase D2, IC50 = 3.7nM. GRCh38: Ensembl ... regulation by protein kinase Calpha and caveolin-1". Biochemistry. 38 (12): 3763-9. doi:10.1021/bi982478+. PMID 10090765. Kim Y ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipase_D1

... to produce PA and choline. By the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) by DAG kinase (DAGK) By the acylation of ... Because choline is very abundant in the cell, PLD activity does not significantly affect choline levels; and choline is ... October 2004). "Sphingosine kinase 1 is an intracellular effector of phosphatidic acid". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (43): 44763-74. doi ... This will show whether the phosphate group is newly derived from the kinase activity or whether it originates from the PC. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid

CDP-diacylglycerol-choline O-phosphatidyltransferase. Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase. *N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate ... Phosphoinositide 3-kinase. References[edit]. *Stein RC( 2001) Prospects for phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibition as a cancer ... Class II PI 3-kinases are a subgroup of the enzyme family, phosphoinositide 3-kinase that share a common protein domain ... Class II PI 3-kinases were the most recently identified class of PI 3-kinases and little is currently known about these enzymes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_II_PI_3-kinases

CDP-diacylglycerol-choline O-phosphatidyltransferase. Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase. *N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate ... Other names in common use include pyrimidine ribonucleoside kinase, uridine-cytidine kinase, uridine kinase (phosphorylating), ... I. Uridine-cytidine kinase of Novikoff ascites rat tumor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 244 (8): 2204-9. PMID 5782006. ... In enzymology, an uridine kinase (EC 2.7.1.48) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_kinase

CDP-diacylglycerol-choline O-phosphatidyltransferase. Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase. *N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate ... Creatine kinase (CK), also known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK) or phosphocreatine kinase, is an enzyme (EC 2.7.3.2) expressed ... Creatine kinase in the blood may be high in health and disease. Exercise increases the outflow of creatine kinase to the blood ... Clinically, creatine kinase is assayed in blood tests as a marker of damage of CK-rich tissue such as in myocardial infarction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creatine_kinase

CDP-diacylglycerol-choline O-phosphatidyltransferase. Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase. *N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate ... A major target of Akt kinases is glycogen synthase kinase-3. EC 2.7.1.37 Pelle. is a serine/threonine kinase that can ... Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3). *AMP-activated protein kinase α *PRKAA1 ... Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7). *Aurora kinase *Aurora A kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-specific_serine/threonine_protein_kinase

... encoding enzyme Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase B PIN4: encoding enzyme Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA- ... encoding protein Ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 6 RRAGB: encoding protein Ras-related GTP-binding protein B ... encoding enzyme Nik-related protein kinase OTUD5: encoding protein OTU deubiquitinase 5 PASD1: encoding protein PAS domain- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_chromosome

The problem with this therapy is that choline acetyltransferase is largely blocked by the blood-brain barrier. PTD-ChAT is a ... It should also be noted that memantine is able to inhibit the truncation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (triggered by activated ... It is normal in aging for circadian rhythms to deteriorate as choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) fluctuations change in pattern ... Alzheimer's typically involves a decline in the activity of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase, as well as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_neuron

K252a K252b KT5720 KT5823 Keratin Kinase For substances with an l- or L- prefix such as L-alanine or DL-alanine, please see the ... Cholesterol Choline Chondroitin sulfate Cinnamaldehyde Citral Citric acid Citrinin Citronellal Citronellol Citrulline Cobalamin ... Cortisol Creatine Creatine kinase Crystallin α-Cyclodextrin Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase Cyclopamine Cyclopiazonic acid ... superoxide T2 Toxin Tannic acid Tannin Tartaric acid Taurine Tetrodotoxin Thaumatin Topoisomerase Tyrosine kinase Testosterone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biomolecules

While the CDP-choline pathway, in which choline obtained either by dietary consumption or by metabolism of choline-containing ... phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and serine-307-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1-s307), ... PC made via the PEMT pathway can be degraded by phospholipases C/D, resulting in the de novo formation of choline. Thus, the ... This is one of several examples of the reciprocal regulation of PEMT and CT in the PEMT and CDP-choline pathways. Estrogen has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine_N-methyltransferase

Xie J, Guo Q (Jul 2004). "Par-4 inhibits choline uptake by interacting with CHT1 and reducing its incorporation on the plasma ... Kawai T, Akira S, Reed JC (Sep 2003). "ZIP kinase triggers apoptosis from nuclear PML oncogenic domains". Molecular and ... PAWR has been shown to interact with: Apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor, DAPK3, Protein kinase Mζ, SLC5A1, THAP1, and ... interacts selectively with the atypical isoforms of protein kinase C". Cell. 86 (5): 777-86. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80152-x ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAWR

"Impaired trafficking of choline transporter-like protein-1 at plasma membrane and inhibition of choline transport in THP-1 ... phosphatase 2calpha-Ca2+ channel complex for dephosphorylation of neuronal Ca2+ channels phosphorylated by protein kinase C". ... "Differential expression and regulation of the high-affinity choline transporter CHT1 and choline acetyltransferase in neurons ... Choline transporter-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC44A1 gene. Cluster of differentiation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLC44A1

Downstream of LPA receptor activation, the small GTPase Rho can be activated, subsequently activating Rho kinase. This can lead ... which removes the choline group from lysophosphatidylcholine. Lysophosphatidic acid is also an intermediate in the synthesis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid

... in addition to other neurotransmitters such as choline, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, and opioids. Their activation ... "The neuropeptide substance P activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase resulting in IL-6 expression independently from NF- ... "Metalloproteinases and transforming growth factor-alpha mediate substance P-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase activation ... "Substance P induces rapid and transient membrane blebbing in U373MG cells in a p21-activated kinase-dependent manner". PLOS ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

choline transport. • positive regulation of apoptotic process. • Notch receptor processing. • negative regulation of protein ... positive regulation of MAP kinase activity. • positive regulation of catalytic activity. • mitochondrial transport. • post- ... negative regulation of protein kinase activity. • cell fate specification. • skeletal system morphogenesis. • regulation of ... positive regulation of protein kinase activity. • T cell activation involved in immune response. • cellular protein metabolic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSEN1

2003). "Cloning and characterization of a novel cardiac-specific kinase that interacts specifically with cardiac troponin I.". ... Choline acetyltransferase. *Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase. *Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. *Beta-galactoside transacetylase. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HADHB

These two kinases regulate autophagy through inhibitory phosphorylation of the Unc-51-like kinases ULK1 and ULK2 (mammalian ... S. Park, S. G. Choi, S. M. Yoo, J. H. Son, and Y. K. Jung, 'Choline Dehydrogenase Interacts with Sqstm1/P62 to Recruit Lc3 and ... E. Itakura, C. Kishi, K. Inoue, and N. Mizushima, 'Beclin 1 Forms Two Distinct Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Complexes with ... E. Y. Chan, 'Regulation and Function of Uncoordinated-51 Like Kinase Proteins', Antioxid Redox Signal, 17 (2012), 775-85 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy_

These two kinases regulate autophagy through inhibitory phosphorylation of the Unc-51-like kinases ULK1 and ULK2 (mammalian ... S. Park, S. G. Choi, S. M. Yoo, J. H. Son, and Y. K. Jung, 'Choline Dehydrogenase Interacts with Sqstm1/P62 to Recruit Lc3 and ... Atg14L and the class III phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI(3)K) Vps34.[49] The active ULK and Beclin-1 complexes re- ... "ULK1 induces autophagy by phosphorylating Beclin-1 and activating VPS34 lipid kinase". Nature Cell Biology. 15 (7): 741-50. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy

stress-activated protein kinase signaling cascade. • cellular response to peptide. • daunorubicin metabolic process. • ... "Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein regulates the expression of aldose reductase and protein kinase C δ in a mouse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKR1B1

... and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 87-122. ISBN 0-309-06554-2. Archived from the original on 2015- ... Riboflavin kinase. *Riboflavin synthase. ReferencesEdit. *^ a b c d e f g h "riboflavin". The American Society of Health-System ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavin

... protein kinase C (PKC). Both GAD67 and GAD65 are also regulated post-translationally by Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP); GAD is ... choline→Acetylcholine. anabolism:. *Choline acetyltransferase. catabolism:. *Cholinesterase (Acetylcholinesterase, ... GAD67 is phosphorylated at threonine 91 by protein kinase A (PKA), while GAD65 is phosphorylated, and therefore regulated by, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAD_antibodies

3-kinase and PI 4-kinase binding to the CD4-p56lck complex: the p56lck SH3 domain binds to PI 3-kinase but not PI 4-kinase". ... CDP-diacylglycerol-choline O-phosphatidyltransferase. Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase. *N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate ... 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity. • phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase activity. • kinase activity. • ... protein kinase activator activity. • 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase activity. • protein serine/threonine kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIK3CA

"Histone acetyltransferases: Rising ancient counterparts to protein kinases". Biopolymers. 99 (2): 98-111. doi:10.1002/bip. ... Choline acetyltransferase. *Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase. *Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. *Beta-galactoside transacetylase. * ... inquiry regarding the role of acetyltransferases in signal transduction pathways and whether an appropriate analogy to kinases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_acetyltransferase

Fructose 6-P,2-kinase:fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase *PFKFB1, PFKFB2, PFKFB3, PFKFB4 ... These ROS drive cancer cell proliferation by activating kinases that drive cell cycle progression growth factors at low ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenase

Activated protein kinase C inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the rational ... This degradation was followed by a noticeable rise of phosphoryl-choline due to the release of organic phosphorus from ... TDH induces Ca2+ influx from an extracellular environment accompanied by protein kinase C phosphorylation. ... "Thermostable direct hemolysin diminishes tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor through protein kinase C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolysin

... and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 58-86. ISBN 978-0-309-06554-2. . Archived from the original on ... by a thiamine-phosphate kinase (ThMP + ATP → ThDP + ADP, EC 2.7.4.16). In most bacteria and in eukaryotes, ThMP is hydrolyzed ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamin

Absorbed pyridoxamine is converted to PMP by pyridoxal kinase, which is further converted to PLP by pyridoxamine-phosphate ... and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 150-195. doi:10.17226/6015. ISBN 0-309-06554-2. LCCN 00028380. ... by a pyridoxal kinase) in the jejunal mucosa. The trapped pyridoxine and pyridoxamine are oxidized to pyridoxal phosphate in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B6

... kinase and MAP-kinase-activated kinases 1 and 2". European Journal of Biochemistry / FEBS. 217 (2): 715-22. doi:10.1111/j.1432- ... choline→Acetylcholine. anabolism:. *Choline acetyltransferase. catabolism:. *Cholinesterase (Acetylcholinesterase, ... that are phosphorylated by a variety of protein kinases.[12][25] Ser40 is phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.[ ... mitogen-activated-protein kinase-activating protein kinase) has a preference for Ser40, but also phosphorylates Ser19 about ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_3-monooxygenase

A prominent kinase is cyclin-dependent kinase (or CDK), which comprises a sub-family of protein kinases. As their name implies ... ChAT functions to transfer an acetyl group from acetyl co-enzyme A to choline in the synapses of nerve cells and exists in two ... "Biochemical characterization of the human cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase. Identification of p35 as a novel ... Choline acetyltransferase (also known as ChAT or CAT) is an important enzyme which produces the neurotransmitter acetylcholine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferase

Choline, in combination with acetyl-CoA, is catalyzed by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase to produce acetylcholine and ... Acetyl-CoA serves as an allosteric regulator of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). It regulates through the ratio of acetyl- ... "Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and phosphatase by acetyl-CoA/CoA and NADH/NAD ratios". Biochemical and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetyl_coa

Kinase. L[cuir in eagar , athraigh foinse]. For substances with an l- or L- prefix such as L-alanine or DL-alanine, please see ...

https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosta_Bithmhóiliní

regulated by Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase). to α-ketoglutaric acid. *Glutamate ... Choline acetyltransferase. *Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase. *Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase. *Beta-galactoside transacetylase. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrate_synthase

2.7.10-2.7.13: protein kinase. (PO4; protein acceptor). 2.7.10: protein-tyrosine. *see tyrosine kinases ... CDP-diacylglycerol-choline O-phosphatidyltransferase. Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase. *N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynucleotide_phosphorylase

It is likely that some level of adaptation occurred after the loss of the GULO gene by primates. Erythrocyte Glut1 and associated dehydroascorbic acid uptake modulated by stomatin switch are unique traits of humans and the few other mammals that have lost the ability to synthesize ascorbic acid from glucose.[12] As GLUT transporters and stomatin are ubiquitously distributed in different human cell types and tissues, similar interactions can be hypothesized to occur in human cells other than erythrocytes.[13] Pauling observed that after the loss of endogenous ascorbate production, apo(a) and Lp(a) were greatly favored by evolution, acting as ascorbate surrogate, since the frequency of occurrence of elevated Lp(a) plasma levels in species that had lost the ability to synthesize ascorbate is great.[14] Also, only primates share regulation of CAMP gene expression by vitamin D which occurred after the loss of GULO gene.[15] Johnson et al. have hypothesized that the mutation of the GULOP (pseudogene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-gulonolactone_oxidase

Many enzymes including serine protease, cysteine protease, protein kinase and phosphatase evolved to form transient covalent ... Acetylcholinesterase is required to break down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into acetate and choline. Physostigmine binds ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_site

... nuclear located protein kinase C and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase". Frontiers in Bioscience. 13 (13): 1206-26. doi: ... involved in calcium-mediated activation of protein kinase C;[76] the prostaglandins, which are one type of fatty-acid derived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid

kinase binding. • protein binding. • identical protein binding. • dehydroascorbic acid transporter activity. • glucose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLUT1

Because it is an inhibitor of the protein kinases TBK1 and IKK-ε,[11] which are implicated in the etiology of type II diabetes ... "The protein kinase IKKepsilon regulates energy balance in obese mice". Cell. 138 (5): 961-75. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.046 ... "An inhibitor of the protein kinases TBK1 and IKK-ɛ improves obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions in mice". Nat. Med. 19 (3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amlexanox

This enzyme is also called galacturonokinase (phosphorylating) D-galacturonic acid kinase. This enzyme participates in ... CDP-diacylglycerol-choline O-phosphatidyltransferase. Glycosyl-1-phosphotransferase. *N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galacturonokinase

... the enzymes phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase facilitate the addition of a phosphate group to ADP by way of substrate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate

Choline kinase (also known as CK,ChoK and choline phosphokinase) is an enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction in the choline ... which showed for the first time that choline kinase α can act as a protein chaperone (Asim et al., 2016 ;JNCI "Choline kinase ... Peisach, D; Gee, P; Kent, C; Xu, Z (2003). "The Crystal Structure of Choline Kinase Reveals a Eukaryotic Protein Kinase Fold". ... A related enzyme, ethanolamine kinase, tends to co-purify with choline kinase leading to a suggestion that the two activities ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline_kinase

The Gene Ontology (GO) project is a collaborative effort to address the need for consistent descriptions of gene products across databases. You can use this browser to view terms, definitions, and term relationships in a hierarchical display. Links to summary annotated gene data at MGI are provided in Term Detail reports.

http://www.informatics.jax.org/vocab/gene_ontology/GO:0004103

An enzyme that is active in the first step of choline phosphoglyceride (lecithin) biosynthesis by catalyzing the ... phosphorylation of choline to phosphorylcholine in the presence of ATP. Ethanolamine and its methyl and ethyl derivatives can ... Choline Phosphokinase; Choline Transphosphatase, ATP; Kinase, Choline; Phosphokinase, Choline; Transphosphatase, ATP Choline; ... Choline Kinase. Subscribe to New Research on Choline Kinase An enzyme that is active in the first step of choline ...

http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD002797-Choline-Kinase.do

The SCOP classification for the Choline kinase family. Additional information, provided for both this family and the ... Choline kinase family. SCOP classification Root: SCOP hierarchy in SUPERFAMILY [. 0] (11) ... Ethanolamine kinase. 0. 2.741. --. DIRECT. Enzyme Commission (EC). Transferring phosphorous-containing groups. 0. 0.2728. --. ... Browse and view proteins in genomes which have different domain combinations including a Protein kinase-like (PK-like) domain. ...

http://supfam.org/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/scop.cgi?sunid=90040

Selected quality suppliers for anti-Choline Kinase alpha antibodies. ... Order monoclonal and polyclonal Choline Kinase alpha antibodies for many applications. ... choline kinase alpha , choline kinase beta , choline kinase , CHETK-alpha , ethanolamine kinase , choline/ethanolamine kinase ... Show all anti-Choline Kinase alpha (CHKA) Antibodies with Pubmed References. * Human Polyclonal Choline Kinase alpha Primary ...

http://www.antibodies-online.com/abstract/Choline+Kinase+alpha+

Alternative names for Choline Kinase beta antibody. Choline/ethanolamine kinase, CHKB, CHETK, CHKL, CKEKB, EKB, CKB, Choline ... Choline Kinase beta (transcript variant 1). Not available. Recombinant protein of human choline kinase beta (CHKB), transcript ... Background of Choline Kinase beta antibody. Kit Component:. - KN210253G1, CHKB gRNA vector 1 in pCas-Guide vector. - KN210253G2 ... Lenti ORF particles, CHKB (Myc-DDK tagged) - Human choline kinase beta (CHKB) , 200 uL, ,10^7 TU/mL. Not available. ...

https://www.acris-antibodies.com/target/choline-kinase-beta-antibody.htm

Instead, H-89 inhibited choline kinase, the enzyme catalysing the first step in the CDP-choline pathway. In the presence of 10 ... choline kinase activity was inhibited by 36 +/- 7.6% in vitro. Additionally, the phosphorylation of choline to phosphocholine ... inhibits incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine via inhibition of choline kinase and has no effect on the ... inhibits incorporation of choline into phosphatidylcholine via inhibition of choline kinase and has no effect on the ...

http://www.biochemj.org/content/297/1/241

Choline Kinase (ChoK) deregulation is associated with oncogenesis and tumor progression in a number of human cancers, including ... Novel compounds allowing for optical detection and targeting of Choline Kinases for cancer treatment. ... These small fluorescent molecules used at low doses can be effective as agents to image the status of tumor choline metabolism ...

https://upenn.technologypublisher.com/technology/39321

The choline kinase-like protein encoded by CHKL belongs to the choline/ethanolamine kinase family; however, its exact function ... Choline kinase (CK) and ethanolamine kinase (EK) catalyze the phosphorylation of choline/ethanolamine to phosphocholine/ ... due to choline kinase beta gene defects has been characterized.. 25740612. A novel silent variant in the choline kinase beta ... CHKB encodes choline kinase beta, an enzyme that catalyzes the first de-novo biosynthetic step of phosphatidylcholine, the most ...

https://pharos.nih.gov/idg/targets/Q9Y259

... brucei choline/ethanolamine kinase 2), on the other hand, was found to be able to phosphorylate both ethanolamine and choline, ... was shown to be catalytically active as an ethanolamine-specific kinase, i.e. it had no choline kinase activity. The Km values ... Database mining revealed two putative C/EKs (choline/ethanolamine kinases) in the Trypanosoma brucei genome, which were cloned ... even though choline was the preferred substrate, with a Km 80 times lower than that of ethanolamine. The Km values for choline ...

https://omictools.com/4c6a385ea88700ca8fed3302f72c43d9-protocol

Human choline kinase alpha (CHKA), transcript variant 1 available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company. ... Domains: Choline_kinase. Gene Summary: The major pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine occurs via the CDP-choline ... CHKA (untagged)-Human choline kinase alpha (CHKA), transcript variant 1, NM_001277.2, 10ug. $710. In Stock. ... Chka (untagged) - Mouse choline kinase alpha (cDNA clone MGC:65599 IMAGE:6841882), (10ug). $670. 3 weeks. ...

http://www.origene.com/cdna/trueclone/accession/NM_001277/SC110854.aspx

2015) The choline/ethanolamine kinase family in Arabidopsis: essential role of CEK4 in phospholipid biosynthesis and embryo ... CEK3 encodes a protein, most highly transcribed in the hypocotyl, that is a part of the Choline/Ethanolamine Kinase family, for ... A recent study also reported that key ABA signaling kinases regulate the activity of a chromatin-remodeling ATPase (Peirats- ...

http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/175/4/1893

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline/ethanolamine_kinase_family

Phosphorylates ethanolamine, and can also act on choline (in vitro). Has higher activity with ethanolamine. May not ... Ethanolamine kinase 2 (Etnk2), Choline/ethanolamine kinase (Chkb), Ethanolamine kinase 1 (Etnk1), Choline kinase alpha (Chka) ... Choline/ethanolamine kinase. Alternative name(s):. Choline kinase beta (EC:2.7.1.32*Search proteins in UniProtKB for this EC ... Choline/ethanolamine kinaseAdd BLAST. 393. Amino acid modifications. Feature key. Position(s). DescriptionActions. Graphical ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O55229

Phosphorylates choline and ethanolamine. Has higher activity with choline (By similarity). ... Ethanolamine kinase 2 (Etnk2), Choline/ethanolamine kinase (Chkb), Ethanolamine kinase 1 (Etnk1), Choline kinase alpha (Chka) ... "Molecular cloning of mouse choline kinase and choline/ethanolamine kinase: their sequence comparison to the respective rat ... choline binding Source: MGI. *choline kinase activity Source: MGI ,p>Inferred from Direct Assay,/p> ,p>Used to indicate a ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/O54804

... choline kinase alpha), Authors: Ana Ramírez de Molina, María Álvarez-Miranda, Juan Carlos Lacal. Published in: Atlas Genet ... Choline Kinase alpha (CHKA, though we have proposed to name it as ChoKα in order to distinguish it from check point kinase CHK ... Choline Kinase alpha isoform a (ChoKαa) has 457 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of approximatively 52 kDa. Choline ... choline kinase activity cholinesterase activity ethanolamine kinase activity ATP binding cytosol ethanolamine metabolic process ...

http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/CHKAID44009ch11q13.html

Selective choline kinase inhibitors may be useful in MRI/MRS studies to distinguish choline resonance produced by tumors that ... In this study, we evaluate the expression of choline kinase (the rate-limiting enzyme for new synthesis of choline containing ... Choline kinase expression patterns in human prostate cancers. Sandra M. Gaston, Dana L. Goldner, Dang Vu, Tendai L. Chizana, ... Choline kinase expression patterns in human prostate cancers. Sandra M. Gaston, Dana L. Goldner, Dang Vu, Tendai L. Chizana, ...

http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/65/9_Supplement/895.3

PLN02236; choline kinase. cd05156. Location:111 → 452. ChoK_euk; Euykaryotic Choline Kinase. ... PLN02236; choline kinase. cd05156. Location:111 → 434. ChoK_euk; Euykaryotic Choline Kinase. ... CHKA choline kinase alpha [Homo sapiens] CHKA choline kinase alpha [Homo sapiens]. Gene ID:1119 ... choline kinase alpha. Names. CHETK-alpha. ethanolamine kinase. NP_001268.2. *EC 2.7.1.32 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1119

Choline kinase (Chk) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline (Cho) to phosphocholine (PC) by using ... Abstract 46: Interdependence of choline kinase and phospholipase D in human breast cancer cells. Balaji Krishnamachary, Mayur ... Abstract 46: Interdependence of choline kinase and phospholipase D in human breast cancer cells ... Abstract 46: Interdependence of choline kinase and phospholipase D in human breast cancer cells ...

http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/70/8_Supplement/46

Effect of methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) medium on fat accumulation in cultured hepatocytes. Cultures were exposed to ... Activation of PI3-kinase appears to be directly involved in all of these effects of exposure to MCD medium. PI3-kinase- ... Effect of MCD medium on PI3-kinase and p-Akt activities.. We determined the effect of MCD medium on PI3-kinase and its ... 3-kinase in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes (23, 33, 35). Activation of PI3-kinase is implicated in the control of cell ...

http://ajpgi.physiology.org/content/291/1/G55

Elevated phosphocholine concentration in ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells arises from increased choline kinase activity, not from ... I have demonstrated that the increased phosphocholine arises through the induction of choline kinase activity. No increased ... Elevated phosphocholine concentration in ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells arises from increased choline kinase activity, not from ... Elevated phosphocholine concentration in ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells arises from increased choline kinase activity, not from ...

https://mcb.asm.org/content/9/1/325

Choline Kinase antibody LS-C513110 is an APC-conjugated rabbit polyclonal antibody to human Choline Kinase (CHKA / CK). ... Choline Kinase antibody LS-C513110 is an APC-conjugated rabbit polyclonal antibody to human Choline Kinase (CHKA / CK). ... Choline Kinase antibody LS-C513110 is an APC-conjugated rabbit polyclonal antibody to human Choline Kinase (CHKA / CK). ... Has higher activity with choline. Uniprot: P35790 NCBI:. NM_001277 NP_001268.2 Synonyms:. CHKA Antibody, Choline kinase alpha ...

https://www.lsbio.com/antibodies/chka-antibody-ck-antibody-choline-kinase-antibody-apc-wb-western-ls-c513110/526671

Aims Malignant transformation results in overexpression of choline-kinase (CHK) and altered choline metabolism, which is ... Exploiting altered patterns of choline kinase-alpha expression on human prostate tissue to prognosticate prostate cancer ... Exploiting altered patterns of choline kinase-alpha expression on human prostate tissue to prognosticate prostate cancer ...

http://jcp.bmj.com/content/68/9/703

Methyl-H-3]-choline incorporation into MCF-7 cells: Correlation with proliferation, choline kinase and phospholipase D assay. ... Methyl-H-3]-choline incorporation into MCF-7 cells: Correlation with proliferation, choline kinase and phospholipase D assay ... In this study, whether [methyl-H-3]-choline determined by measuring the activity of choline kinase (ChoK) and phospholipase D ( ... Background: [Methyl-H-3]-choline is a promising new positron emission tomography (PET) agent used for cancer imaging whose ...

http://www.sinapse.ac.uk/publications/sinapse-1661

Figure 2: Knockdown of choline kinase expression. Expression of ChoK in siRNA-transfected samples and controls was normalized ... In vitro chemically synthesized RNAi was utilized to knock down expression of the gene for human choline kinase (ChoK). This ... and choline kinase cDNA (b) from samples transfected with siRNAs against ChoK (ChoK siRNA 01 and 02) or control siRNA against ...

https://lifescience.roche.com/en_hk/articles/silencing-of-human-choline-kinase-expression.html

What is choline/ethanolamine kinase beta? Meaning of choline/ethanolamine kinase beta medical term. What does choline/ ... Looking for online definition of choline/ethanolamine kinase beta in the Medical Dictionary? choline/ethanolamine kinase beta ... redirected from choline/ethanolamine kinase beta) CHKB. A gene on chromosome 22q13.33 that encodes a choline kinase-like ... Choline/ethanolamine kinase beta , definition of choline/ethanolamine kinase beta by Medical dictionary https://medical- ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/choline%2Fethanolamine+kinase+beta

Initial rates of choline transport were the same in quiescent and serum-treated cells, whereas choline kinase activity was 2- ... Initial rates of choline transport were the same in quiescent and serum-treated cells, whereas choline kinase activity was 2- ... Initial rates of choline transport were the same in quiescent and serum-treated cells, whereas choline kinase activity was 2- ... Initial rates of choline transport were the same in quiescent and serum-treated cells, whereas choline kinase activity was 2- ...

https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/regulation-of-choline-kinase-activity-and-phosphatidylcholine-bio

Choline Kinase Beta, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene ... The choline kinase-like protein encoded by CHKL belongs to the choline/ethanolamine kinase family; however, its exact function ... Choline kinase (CK) and ethanolamine kinase (EK) catalyze the phosphorylation of choline/ethanolamine to phosphocholine/ ... CHKB (Choline Kinase Beta) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with CHKB include Muscular Dystrophy, Congenital, ...

http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CHKB&origene_rsshrna_trans=3

... clinicaltrials.gov The purpose of this study is to determine if choline bitartrate can be administered daily to children with ... Choline Kinase. An enzyme that is active in the first step of choline phosphoglyceride (lecithin) biosynthesis by catalyzing ... Choline Deficiency. A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because ... Choline is an important nutrient during development. However, there are limited data on dietary choline intake and status in ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/63556/Postnatal-Choline-Supplementation-in-Children-With-Prenatal-Alcohol-Exposure.html

For example, it is believed that choline kinase (CK) α enzyme is critical for PtdCho maintenance in most tissues in mammals, ... Differential role of human choline kinase alpha and beta enzymes in lipid metabolism: implications in cancer onset and ... A rostrocaudal muscular dystrophy caused by a defect in choline kinase beta, the first enzyme in phosphatidylcholine ... Effect of body size on growth, survival, and chemical-composition of Atlantic Salmon fed soy lecithin and choline. Prog Fish ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12864-018-4651-8

Anti-Choline Oxidase antibody conjugated to Biotin validated for WB, IP, ELISA. Immunogen corresponding to full length native ... efficiency compared with choline. ATP + choline = ADP + phosphocholine. Belongs to the choline/ethanolamine kinase family. ... Responsible for phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the CDP-choline pathway. Also exhibits ethanolamine kinase activity but at 14 ... Choline Oxidase in a standard captured ELISA using Peroxidase Conjugated Streptavidin and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-[3- ...

https://www.abcam.com/choline-oxidase-antibody-biotin-ab181739.html

Choline kinase alpha Homo sapiens 0.549 Show More. Calculated Compound Parent Properties. Mol. Weight. Mol. Weight Monoisotopic ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound/inspect/CHEMBL34833

Choline kinase alpha (3). *. Pappalysin-1 / PAPP-A (3). *. DMTF1 (2). *. PTH2R (2) ...

https://www.novusbio.com/product-type/peptides-and-proteins?related_pathways=Bone%20Development&related_diseases=Disease%20Of%20Adrenal%20Medulla

Choline kinase (also known as CK,ChoK and choline phosphokinase) is an enzyme which catalyzes the first reaction in the choline pathway for phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
ATP + choline ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } ADP + O-phosphocholine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and choline, whereas its two products are adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and O-phosphocholine. (wikipedia.org)
A related enzyme, ethanolamine kinase, tends to co-purify with choline kinase leading to a suggestion that the two activities are mediated by two distinct active sites on a single protein. (wikipedia.org)
The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:choline phosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)

Choline kinase (CK) and ethanolamine kinase (EK) catalyze the phosphorylation of choline/ethanolamine to phosphocholine/phosphoethanolamine. (nih.gov)

New splicing mutation in the choline kinase beta (CHKB) gene causing a muscular dystrophy detected by whole-exome sequencing. (nih.gov)

Its overall structure is similar to members of the eukaryotic protein kinase family. (wikipedia.org)
Since the structure of CK is very similar to that of the eukaryotic protein kinase family, the location of ATP and choline binding pockets have been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Propositions for this mechanism have been made based on mechanistic studies done on eukaryotic protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, a ground breaking discovery was made, which showed for the first time that choline kinase α can act as a protein chaperone (Asim et al. (wikipedia.org)

Choline kinase catalyzes the formation of phoshocholine, the committed step in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)

Choline Kinase (ChoK) deregulation is associated with oncogenesis and tumor progression in a number of human cancers, including glioblastoma, breast, and lung cancers. (technologypublisher.com)

This reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to choline in order to form phosphocholine. (wikipedia.org)
The de novo synthesis of GPEtn and GPCho starts with the generation of phosphoethanolamine and phosphocholine by ethanolamine and choline kinases via the Kennedy pathway. (omictools.com)

Ethanolamine and choline are major components of the trypanosome membrane phospholipids, in the form of GPEtn (glycerophosphoethanolamine) and GPCho (glycerophosphocholine). (omictools.com)
TbC/EK2 (T. brucei choline/ethanolamine kinase 2), on the other hand, was found to be able to phosphorylate both ethanolamine and choline, even though choline was the preferred substrate, with a Km 80 times lower than that of ethanolamine. (omictools.com)

Database mining revealed two putative C/EKs (choline/ethanolamine kinases) in the Trypanosoma brucei genome, which were cloned, overexpressed, purified and characterized. (omictools.com)
Using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae EK gene sequence as a query, two putative C/EK (choline/ethanolamine kinase) genes were identified in the T. brucei genome database (http://www.genedb.org) using tBlastN . (omictools.com)

These small fluorescent molecules used at low doses can be effective as agents to image the status of tumor choline metabolism, at higher doses they can serve as inhibitors of tumor growth. (technologypublisher.com)

A new form of congenital muscular dystrophy with multisystem involvement and characteristic mitochondrial structural changes, due to choline kinase beta gene defects has been characterized. (nih.gov)
homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding choline kinase beta were identified in individulas with congenital muscular dystrophy. (nih.gov)
Clinical characteristics of megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy due to choline kinase beta gene defects in a series of 15 patients. (nih.gov)

Enzymes in choline metabolism present attractive targets that can be exploited for treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
Aims Malignant transformation results in overexpression of choline-kinase (CHK) and altered choline metabolism, which is potentially detectable by immunohistochemistry (IHC). (bmj.com)
These small fluorescent molecules used at low doses can be effective as agents to image the status of tumor choline metabolism, at higher doses they can serve as inhibitors of tumor growth. (technologypublisher.com)
Choline is an essential nutrient and it is also a methyl donor critical for the maintenance of cell membrane integrity and methyl metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Perturbations in choline metabolism in vitro have been shown to induce NTDs in mouse embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite being one of the most consistently altered metabolic pathway in cancers, the relationship between choline metabolism and immune checkpoints has, to date, not been investigated. (springer.com)
Choline is oxidized to betaine that serves as an osmoregulator and is a substrate in the betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase reaction, which links choline and betaine to the folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism. (springer.com)
The link to one-carbon metabolism and the recent availability of food composition data have motivated studies on choline and betaine as risk factors of chronic diseases previously studied in relation to folate and homocysteine status. (springer.com)
31 P and 1 H MRS were used to determine total cellular metabolite concentrations and 13 C MRS was used to probe the metabolism of [1,2- 13 C]-choline. (biomedcentral.com)
We have used siRNAs to silence specific genes involved in choline and ethanolamine metabolism to understand their roles in intracellular metabolite levels measured with high-resolution phosphorus MR spectroscopy of cell extracts. (ismrm.org)
We investigate choline metabolism through 18F-fluoromethylcholine (18F-FMC) PET, MRS and tissue ChoKa in human glioma. (imperial.ac.uk)
MRS and 18F-FMC/PET provide complimentary information on glioma choline metabolism. (imperial.ac.uk)

An enzyme that is active in the first step of choline phosphoglyceride (lecithin) biosynthesis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of choline to phosphorylcholine in the presence of ATP. (curehunter.com)
Chk-α catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline (Cho) to PC, a major component of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) cycle. (springer.com)
Biological Activity of Hansenula jadinii with Regard to Large Scale Fermentative Production of CDP-Choline : (Phosphorylation of Choline and CMP and Inhibition of Choline Kinase by CTP. (nii.ac.jp)
In one route, choline is activated first by phosphorylation and then by coupling to CDP prior to attachment to phosphatidic acid. (hmdb.ca)
Phosphorylation of human choline kinase beta by protein kinase A: Its impact on activity and inhibition. (mpg.de)

Choline Kinase Alpha (CHKα) as a Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Expression, Predictive Value, and Sensitivity to Inhibitors. (nih.gov)
Deal covers small molecule inhibitors of choline kinase. (genengnews.com)
Advanced Cancer Therapeutics (ACT) signed an exclusive license with the University of Louisville's James Graham Brown Cancer Center to develop small molecule inhibitors of choline kinase. (genengnews.com)
None of the compounds were specific pantothenate kinase inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro and in vivo studies conducted by COE investigators have identified inhibitors of AKT, mTOR, and PI3 kinase as potentially clinically relevant breast cancer therapeutics. (army.mil)

Choline kinase catalyzes the formation of phoshocholine, the committed step in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Inositol supplementation represses ethanolamine kinase, decreasing the incorporation of ethanolamine into the CDP-ethanolamine pathway and into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. (wikipedia.org)
Choline Kinase is the first enzyme in the Kennedy pathway, responsible for de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC), one of the major lipid components of plasma membranes in mammal cells, that is also essential for structural stability and cell proliferation. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
The major pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine occurs via the CDP-choline pathway. (antibodies-online.com)
We have shown previously that N-[2-bromocinnamyl(amino)-ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide (H-89), a selective inhibitor of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), inhibits phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in HeLa cells. (biochemj.org)
It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the choline pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine. (bioportfolio.com)
The regulation of choline kinase activity by fetal bovine serum and the regulation of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by choline kinase have been investigated in 3T3 fibroblasts. (elsevier.com)
Warden, CH & Friedkin, M 1985, ' Regulation of choline kinase activity and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis by mitogenic growth factors in 3T3 fibroblasts ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 260, no. 10, pp. 6006-6011. (elsevier.com)
Responsible for phosphatidylcholine synthesis via the CDP-choline pathway. (abcam.com)
Choline is utilized for the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin through the cytidine diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The allocation of choline into ACh increased parabolically with time in culture, and by 3 weeks, cultures with neurites of approximately 6 mm length were incorporating over 85% of the choline locally in the neurites into four major metabolites: ACh, phosphorylcholine, cytidine diphosphocholine, and phosphatidylcholine. (jneurosci.org)
The near-equivalent distribution of labeled choline between intracellular choline, ACh, and phosphorylcholine was independent of time (5 min to 6 hr) and choline concentration (0.125-30 microM), phosphatidylcholine being the sole metabolite whose level in the neurites increased steadily with incubation time. (jneurosci.org)
These observations, allied with the similar half- saturation constants and Vmax values of CAT and choline kinase for intracellular choline, suggest that growing sympathetic neurons are poised to allocate choline symmetrically between the synthesis of ACh and phosphatidylcholine in the neurites. (jneurosci.org)
When, however, the supply of choline was limited either by replacement of Na+ in the medium with N- methyl-D-glucamine, or by vesamicol, a 90-97% reduction in intracellular choline caused a similar decline in ACh levels but synthesis of metabolites of the phosphatidylcholine pathway was maintained unperturbed, as if no drug was present. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, growing sympathetic neurons that express cholinergic properties not only maintain their chief cellular phosphatidylcholine-synthesizing activity concomitantly with ACh synthesis in the neurites, but may also preserve phosphatidylcholine synthesis more effectively than ACh synthesis when the supply of choline is perturbed. (jneurosci.org)

Finally, Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyses the hydrolysis of PC to generate phosphatidic acid (PA) and free choline. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
We now report that treatment of 3T3 cells with serum increased intracellular choline kinase activity by 2- to 3-fold with a concomitant 2- to 3-fold decrease of intracellular free choline concentrations. (elsevier.com)
As a consequence, free choline concentrations were 2- to 3-fold lower in serum-stimulated cells than in control quiescent cells. (elsevier.com)
Increased PC, but not PE, is observed in cells in culture because culture medium contains free choline, but no ethanolamine. (ismrm.org)

Crystal structures of human choline kinase isoforms in complex with hemicholinium-3: single amino acid near the active site influences inhibitor sensitivity. (cathdb.info)
Balance of human choline kinase isoforms is critical for cell cycle regulation: Implications for the development of choline kinase-targeted cancer therapy. (mpg.de)

0.05) expression of its target genes were detected in the 4X choline placentas. (mdpi.com)
In mice with Muckle-Well syndrome, an inflammatory condition caused by mutations in NLRP3 genes, treatment with a choline kinase inhibitor reduces inflammation, as evidenced by the smaller spleens on the. (eurekalert.org)

We therefore investigated, for the first time, the relationship between the overexpression of choline kinase-α (Chk-α), an enzyme observed in most cancers, and the expression of the immune checkpoint PD-L1. (springer.com)

Its overall structure is similar to members of the eukaryotic protein kinase family. (wikipedia.org)
Since the structure of CK is very similar to that of the eukaryotic protein kinase family, the location of ATP and choline binding pockets have been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
protein kinase Cdc28p (Swiss Prot. (bio.net)
mitogen-activated protein kinase kina. (broadinstitute.org)
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key sensor of energy balance in eukaryotic cells, responding to low energy status by switching off anabolic pathways and upregulating catabolic processes. (imperial.ac.uk)
Since the discovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central regulator of energy homeostasis, many exciting insights into its structure, regulation and physiological roles have been revealed. (imperial.ac.uk)
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of energy homeostasis1,2,3 and is a molecular target of drugs used for the treatment of metabolic diseases, including obesity4,5. (imperial.ac.uk)
Previous studies reported that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) expression is increased in human prostate cancer. (imperial.ac.uk)
In contrast, deletion of AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk) β1 resulted in earlier onset of adenocarcinoma development. (imperial.ac.uk)

Chemical rescue profiling with CoA pathway intermediates demonstrated that most compounds acted on either of the two final P. falciparum CoA synthesis enzymes, phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (PPAT) or dephospho CoA kinase (DPCK). (biomedcentral.com)

Steatosis was associated with increased expression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) mRNA and increased ALT release with over expression of ALT mRNA, all of which were completely prevented by inhibition of PI3-kinase (LY294002). (physiology.org)
This study determined that in the MCF-7 breast cancer model inhibition of Hsp90 by 17-AAG results in a significant MRS-detectable increase in choline, PC and GPC, which is likely due to an increase in choline transport into the cell and phospholipase activation. (biomedcentral.com)

Modulation of mannosylphosphodolichol synthase and dolichol kinase activity in Trichoderma, related to protein secretion. (nih.gov)

Variations in plasma choline and metabolite concentrations in healthy adults. (bioportfolio.com)
1 H MRSI can be used in the clinical setting to detect levels of total choline-containing metabolite (t-Cho, composed of intracellular choline, PC and GPC). (biomedcentral.com)

PCs can also synthesized by the addition of choline to CDP-activated 1,2-diacylglycerol. (hmdb.ca)

Choline Kinase α Mediates Interactions Between the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Promote Drug Resistance and Xenograft Tumor Progression. (nih.gov)

Novel compounds allowing for optical detection and targeting of Choline Kinases for cancer treatment. (technologypublisher.com)
Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (bioportfolio.com)
The cellular and molecular basis of choline uptake on PET imaging and MRS-visible choline containing compounds is not well understood. (imperial.ac.uk)

In this study, we evaluate the expression of choline kinase (the rate-limiting enzyme for new synthesis of choline containing phospholipids) in prostate cancers expressing the tumor markers hepsin and/or AMACR. (aacrjournals.org)
Conclusions: Increased choline kinase expression distinguishes prostate cancers that overexpress hepsin from other prostate lesions. (aacrjournals.org)
Title: KDM2B regulates choline kinase expression and neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. (nih.gov)
miR-876-5p was able to significantly decrease the expression level of choline kinase alpha mRNA. (nih.gov)
PI3-kinase plays a central role in signaling the MCD medium-induced steatosis and increased OPN expression, whereas OPN appears to play a role in signaling hepatocyte ALT release but not steatosis. (physiology.org)
Figure 2: Knockdown of choline kinase expression. (roche.com)
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of varied maternal choline intake on maternal/fetal biomarkers of choline status, genomic expression and metabolomic profiling. (bioportfolio.com)
The oncogene-driven PtdCho cycle appears to be fine tuned in TNBC cells in at least three ways: by modulating the choline import, by regulating the activity or expression of specific metabolic enzymes, and by contributing to the rewiring of the entire metabolic network. (frontiersin.org)
to 181 ± 10% of control, P = 0.001) associated with an increase in expression of choline transporter SLC44A1 and an elevation in the de novo synthesis of PC. (biomedcentral.com)
Downregulation of choline kinase (Chk) with siRNA results in increased phospholipase D1 (PLD1) expression and downregulation of PLD1 results in increased Chk expression, typifying the ability of cancer cells to adapt. (ismrm.org)
Choline kinase expression was determined by gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. (diagnosticimaging.com)
The results indicate that choline kinase expression in prostate cancer cells can be driven by hypoxia, leading to elevated tCho and PC levels in hypoxic tumor regions. (diagnosticimaging.com)
Co-registered PET and MRI data were used to target biopsies to regions of high and low choline signal, and immunohistochemistry for ChoKa expression was performed. (imperial.ac.uk)
ChoKa expression on IHC was negative or weak in all but one GBM sample, and did not correlate with tumour grade or imaging choline markers. (imperial.ac.uk)

High intake and plasma level of choline in the mother seems to afford reduced risk of neural tube defects. (springer.com)

We found that estrogen increased the activity and protein levels of choline kinase in DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma. (nii.ac.jp)

We suggest that this can be accounted for by a 10-fold increase in choline kinase activity. (jneurosci.org)

A tri-enzyme system consisting of choline kinase/choline oxidase/horseradish peroxidase was used in the rapid and specific determination of the biomarker for bacterial sepsis infection, secretory phospholipase Group 2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA). (mdpi.com)

Downregulation of choline kinase-alpha enhances autophagy in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. (antibodies-online.com)

Full length native protein (purified) corresponding to Choline Oxidase aa 1-7. (abcam.com)
Choline Oxidase protein. (abcam.com)
Choline Oxidase in a standard captured ELISA using Peroxidase Conjugated Streptavidin and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) as a substrate for 30 minutes at room temperature. (abcam.com)

The placental epigenome regulates processes that affect placental and fetal development, and could be mediating some of the reported effects of maternal choline supplementation (MCS) on placental vascular development and nutrient delivery. (mdpi.com)
These data demonstrate that the placental epigenome is responsive to maternal choline intake during murine pregnancy and likely mediates some of the previously described choline-induced effects on placental and fetal outcomes. (mdpi.com)

Choline Is an Intracellular Messenger Linking Extracellular Stimuli to IP-Evoked Ca Signals through Sigma-1 Receptors. (bioportfolio.com)

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of cytidylate (CMP) to choline phosphate to form CDPcholine. (bioportfolio.com)
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline. (bioportfolio.com)

Moreover, the specific ratios of choline metabolites that make up the in vivo choline peak are different in different cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
Plasma concentrations of choline and its metabolites might serve as biomarkers for the health outcomes of several pathological states such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. (bioportfolio.com)

Ethanolamine kinase has no choline kinase activity and its activity is inhibited by ADP. (wikipedia.org)
Has higher activity with choline (By similarity). (uniprot.org)
In the presence of 10 microM H-89, choline kinase activity was inhibited by 36 +/- 7.6% in vitro . (biochemj.org)
This inhibitory effect could be partly prevented by simultaneous addition of 10 microM forskolin, indicating that choline kinase is regulated in part by PKA activity. (biochemj.org)
Initial rates of choline transport were the same in quiescent and serum-treated cells, whereas choline kinase activity was 2- to 3-fold higher in serum-treated cells. (elsevier.com)
Also exhibits ethanolamine kinase activity but at 14% efficiency compared with choline. (abcam.com)
TbEK1 (T. brucei ethanolamine kinase 1) was shown to be catalytically active as an ethanolamine-specific kinase, i.e. it had no choline kinase activity. (omictools.com)

Effect of choline supplementation on neurological, cognitive and behavioral outcomes in offspring arising from alcohol exposure during development: A quantitative systematic review of clinical and preclinical studies. (bioportfolio.com)

Because certain non-malignant prostate lesions (including chronic prostatitis) may produce choline resonance in MRI/MRS studies, our objective is to determine which of the choline metabolic pathways are differentially up-regulated in organ confined prostate cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
Thus, choline and betaine showed opposite relations with key components of metabolic syndrome, suggesting a disruption of mitochondrial choline oxidation to betaine as part of the mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic syndrome. (springer.com)

The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:choline phosphotransferase. (wikipedia.org)

Phosphorylates choline and ethanolamine. (uniprot.org)
Choline kinase alpha (ChoKa) is an enzyme that phosphorylates choline, an essential step in membrane synthesis. (imperial.ac.uk)

Database mining revealed two putative C/EKs (choline/ethanolamine kinases) in the Trypanosoma brucei genome, which were cloned, overexpressed, purified and characterized. (omictools.com)

Relative choline distribution into ACh and phosphorylcholine was unaltered even after a brief depolarizing prepulse, which caused a two- to fourfold enhancement in the total choline incorporated. (jneurosci.org)

Choline kinase from yeast. (nih.gov)
Continuous ATP regeneration utilizing glycolysis and kinase systems of yeast. (nii.ac.jp)
Biochemical characterization of human and yeast choline and ethanolamine kinases. (mpg.de)

Additionally we are shipping Choline Kinase alpha Proteins (7) and Choline Kinase alpha Kits (5) and many more products for this protein. (antibodies-online.com)
Identify choline kinase alpha as a key regulator of glutathione-dependent antioxidant cell defense in ovarian carcinoma. (antibodies-online.com)

Phosphorylates ethanolamine, and can also act on choline (in vitro). (uniprot.org)

Introduction: In many human cancers, including prostate cancer, malignant transformation and disease progression are associated with changes in the choline containing phospholipids that can be visualized using magnetic resonance spectra (MRS). Using current MRI/MRS technologies, the choline resonance that can be measured in vivo appears a single peak in the proton spectral array. (aacrjournals.org)
Ciarmiello, Andrea 2017-04-14 00:00:00 We here aim to provide a comprehensive and critical review of the literature concerning the clinical applications of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with radiolabeled choline in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). (deepdyve.com)

Choline kinase (Swiss Prot. (bio.net)

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs45

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes7

Information Science3

Phosphorylation and regulation of choline kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by protein kinase A. (1/136)

In vivo antitumor activity of choline kinase inhibitors: a novel target for anticancer drug discovery. (2/136)

Extracellular calcium stimulates DNA synthesis in synergism with zinc, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in fibroblasts. (3/136)

Structure and characterization of the genes for murine choline/ethanolamine kinase isozymes alpha and beta. (4/136)

Novel expression of equivocal messages containing both regions of choline/ethanolamine kinase and muscle type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. (5/136)

Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is associated with induction of phosphatidylinositol accumulation and cytolysis of neoplastic cell lines. (6/136)

Modulation of phospholipase D by hexadecylphosphorylcholine: a putative novel mechanism for its antitumoral activity. (7/136)

Regulation of choline kinase activity by Ras proteins involves Ral-GDS and PI3K. (8/136)

Choline Kinase

Cytidine Diphosphate Choline

Phosphorylcholine

Choline

Hemicholinium 3

Phosphatidylcholines

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

Choline O-Acetyltransferase

MAP Kinase Signaling System

Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase

Phosphotransferases

Protein Kinases

Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases

Choline Deficiency

Butanes

Ethanolamine

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

Deanol

Thiocholine

src-Family Kinases

Biochemical Phenomena

Kinetics

Protein Kinase C

Cardiotoxins

Isoenzymes

p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Molecular Sequence Data

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)

Ethanolamines

Phosphorylation

Substrate Specificity

p21-Activated Kinases

Betaine

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases

JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3

Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase

Amino Acid Sequence

Serine

Choline Dehydrogenase

Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Creatine Kinase

Methylcholanthrene

CDC2 Protein Kinase

Cyclin-Dependent Kinases

MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Base Sequence

eIF-2 Kinase

Casein Kinase II

Casein Kinases

Nucleotidyltransferases

Cloning, Molecular

Phosphorylation and regulation of choline kinase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by protein kinase A. (1/136)

In vivo antitumor activity of choline kinase inhibitors: a novel target for anticancer drug discovery. (2/136)

Extracellular calcium stimulates DNA synthesis in synergism with zinc, insulin and insulin-like growth factor I in fibroblasts. (3/136)

Structure and characterization of the genes for murine choline/ethanolamine kinase isozymes alpha and beta. (4/136)

Novel expression of equivocal messages containing both regions of choline/ethanolamine kinase and muscle type carnitine palmitoyltransferase I. (5/136)

Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis is associated with induction of phosphatidylinositol accumulation and cytolysis of neoplastic cell lines. (6/136)

Modulation of phospholipase D by hexadecylphosphorylcholine: a putative novel mechanism for its antitumoral activity. (7/136)

Regulation of choline kinase activity by Ras proteins involves Ral-GDS and PI3K. (8/136)

Choline/ethanolamine kinase

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$Gentaur Molecular :AbD \ GOAT ANTI HUMAN CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE, Product Type Polyclonal Antibody, Specificity CHOLINE...$ Gentaur Molecular :AbD \ GOAT ANTI HUMAN CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE, Product Type Polyclonal Antibody, Specificity CHOLINE...