AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and Processes
Choline DeficiencyCholineEthioninePhosphatidylethanolamine N-MethyltransferaseGlycerylphosphorylcholinePhosphorylcholineBetaineMethionineLiverCholine KinasePhosphatidylcholinesS-AdenosylhomocysteineS-AdenosylmethionineEthanolaminesFolic AcidFatty LiverCholine O-AcetyltransferaseDietPregnancyRats, Sprague-Dawley
Choline Deficiency
A condition produced by a deficiency of CHOLINE in animals. Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. Unlike compounds normally considered as vitamins, choline does not serve as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Choline
A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.
Ethionine
2-Amino-4-(ethylthio)butyric acid. An antimetabolite and methionine antagonist that interferes with amino acid incorporation into proteins and with cellular ATP utilization. It also produces liver neoplasms.
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyses three sequential METHYLATION reactions for conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine to PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE.
Glycerylphosphorylcholine
A component of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES or LECITHINS, in which the two hydroxy groups of GLYCEROL are esterified with fatty acids. (From Stedman, 26th ed) It counteracts the effects of urea on enzymes and other macromolecules.
Phosphorylcholine
Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction.
Betaine
A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341)
Methionine
A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Choline Kinase
An enzyme that is active in the first step of choline phosphoglyceride (lecithin) biosynthesis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of choline to phosphorylcholine in the presence of ATP. Ethanolamine and its methyl and ethyl derivatives can also act as acceptors. EC 2.7.1.32.
Phosphatidylcholines
Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.
S-Adenosylhomocysteine
5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.
S-Adenosylmethionine
Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed)
Ethanolamines
AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.
Folic Acid
A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.
Choline O-Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of acetylcholine from acetyl-CoA and choline. EC 2.3.1.6.
Diet
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Different frequencies and patterns of beta-catenin mutations in hepatocellular carcinomas induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine and a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet in rats. (1/288)

To allow a study of beta-catenin mutations in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) induced by exogenous and endogenous carcinogens, we induced tumors in male Fischer 344 rats with N-nitrosodiethylamine and a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet. Administration of the former was followed by partial hepatectomy with colchicine to induce cell cycle disturbance and a selection pressure regimen (K. Ohashi et al., Cancer Res., 56: 3474-3479, 1996; M. Tsutsumi et al., Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 87: 5-9, 1996). HCCs were obtained after 42 weeks. With continuous choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined feeding, tumors were sampled after 75 weeks. Total RNA was extracted from individual lesions and mutations in the glycogen synthase kinase-3beta phosphorylation consensus motif of beta-catenin were investigated by reverse transcriptase-PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis followed by nucleotide sequencing. Changes were detected in 5 of 11 HCCs induced by the exogenous carcinogen. The observed shifts of C:G-->G:C or C:G-->A:T at codon 33 and G:C-->T:A transversions at codon 34 were associated with beta-catenin protein accumulation and confirmed by Western blot analysis. Only 2 of 15 HCCs induced in the endogenous carcinogenesis regimen demonstrated mutations, those being transitions of C:G-->T:A at codon 41 without amino acid alteration. These results suggest that different genetic pathways underlie exogenous and endogenous liver carcinogenesis in rats.  (+info)

Single versus multiple deficiencies of methionine, zinc, riboflavin, vitamin B-6 and choline elicit surprising growth responses in young chicks. (2/288)

A soy-protein isolate diet that was deficient in methionine (Met), zinc (Zn), riboflavin, vitamin B-6 and choline for chick growth (Assay 1) was used to study individual or multiple deficiencies of several of these nutrients. In all cases, adding all three deficient nutrients together resulted in growth responses that were superior to those resulting from supplementation with any pairs of deficient nutrients. In Assay 2, single addition of Zn but not of methionine or riboflavin produced a growth response, but the combination of either Zn and Met or Zn and riboflavin resulted in growth responses that were greater than the response elicited by Zn alone. Assay 3 involved individual or multiple deficiencies of choline, riboflavin and vitamin B-6, and individual additions suggested that choline was first limiting. Choline + riboflavin supplementation, however, produced marked growth and gain:food responses that were far greater than those resulting from supplemental choline or riboflavin alone. Moreover, the growth response to a combination of choline + pyridoxine (PN) was also greater than that obtained from any of the three nutrients fed alone; even PN + riboflavin (in the absence of choline) produced responses greater than those observed with the unsupplemented negative-control diet. In Assay 4, chicks responded to individual additions of riboflavin, PN or Met, and in Assay 5, to either riboflavin or PN; all two-way combinations resulted in growth rates that were far greater than those occurring with any single addition. The data from these experiments show that unlike the situation with three deficient amino acids, the expected responses to first-, second- and third-limiting B-vitamins or deficient vitamins combined with deficient levels of Zn or Met do not follow the expected pattern of response to first-, further response to first- and second- and an even further response to first-, second- and third-limiting nutrients.  (+info)

CYP2E1 and CYP4A as microsomal catalysts of lipid peroxides in murine nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. (3/288)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and alcoholic liver disease have similar pathological features. Because CYP2E1 plays a key role in alcoholic liver disease with its ability to stimulate lipid peroxidation, we tested the proposal that CYP2E1 could also be a factor in the development of NASH. In a dietary model - mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet - liver injury was associated with both induction of CYP2E1 and a 100-fold increase in hepatic content of lipid peroxides. Microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid oxidases contributed to the formation of these lipid peroxides, and in vitro inhibition studies demonstrated that CYP2E1 was the major catalyst. To further define the role of CYP2E1 as an initiator of oxidative stress in NASH, Cyp2e1(-/-)mice were administered the MCD diet. CYP2E1 deficiency neither prevented the development of NASH nor abrogated the increased microsomal NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation, indicating the operation of a non-CYP2E1 peroxidase pathway. In Cyp2e1(-/-) mice with NASH (but not in wild-type mice), CYP4A10 and CYP4A14 were upregulated. Furthermore, hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation was substantially inhibited by anti-mouse CYP4A10 antibody in vitro. These results show that experimental NASH is strongly associated with hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation. CYP2E1, the main enzyme associated with that process in wild-type mice, is not unique among P450 proteins in catalyzing peroxidation of endogenous lipids. We have now identified CYP4A enzymes as alternative initiators of oxidative stress in the liver.  (+info)

Choline supplementation inhibits diethanolamine-induced morphological transformation in syrian hamster embryo cells: evidence for a carcinogenic mechanism. (4/288)

DEA, an amino alcohol, and its fatty acid condensates are widely used in commerce. DEA is hepatocarcinogenic in mice, but shows no evidence of mutagenicity or clastogenicity in a standard testing battery. However, it increased the number of morphologically transformed colonies in the Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cell morphologic transformation assay. The goal of this work was to test the hypothesis that DEA treatment causes morphologic transformation by a mechanism involving altered cellular choline homeostasis. As a first step, the ability of DEA to disrupt the uptake and intracellular utilization of choline was characterized. SHE cells were cultured in medium containing DEA (500 microg/ml), and (33)P-phosphorus or (14)C-choline was used to label phospholipid pools. After 48 h, SHE cells were harvested, lipids were extracted, and radioactive phospholipids were quantified by autoradiography after thin layer chromatographic separation. In control cells, phosphatidylcholine (PC) was the major phospholipid, accounting for 43 +/- 1% of total phospholipid synthesis. However, with DEA treatment, PC was reduced to 14 +/- 2% of total radioactive phospholipids. DEA inhibited choline uptake into SHE cells at concentrations > or = 50 microg /ml, reaching a maximum 80% inhibition at 250-500 microg/ml. The concentration dependence of the inhibition of PC synthesis by DEA (0, 10, 50, 100, 250, and 500 microg/ml) was determined in SHE cells cultured over a 7-day period under the conditions of the transformation assay and in the presence or absence of excess choline (30 mM). DEA treatment decreased PC synthesis at concentrations > or = 100 microg/ml, reaching a maximum 60% reduction at 500 microg/ml. However, PC synthesis was unaffected when DEA-treated cells were cultured with excess choline. Under 7-day culture conditions, (14)C-DEA was incorporated into SHE lipids, and this perturbation was also inhibited by choline supplementation. Finally, DEA (10-500 microg/ml) transformed SHE cells in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas with choline supplementation, no morphologic transformation was observed. Thus, DEA disrupts intracellular choline homeostasis by inhibiting choline uptake and altering phospholipid synthesis. However, excess choline blocks these biochemical effects and inhibits cell transformation, suggesting a relationship between the two responses. Overall, the results provide a plausible mechanism to explain the morphologic transformation observed with DEA and suggest that the carcinogenic effects of DEA may be caused by intracellular choline deficiency.  (+info)

Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis (massive necrosis) with fat necrosis induced in mice by DL-ethionine fed with a choline-deficient diet. (5/288)

Female, albino mice were fed a choline-deficient diet containing 0.5% DL-ethionine. All animals died within 5 days due to the development of an acute hemorrhagic pancreatis with fat necrosis throughout the peritoneal cavity. The apancreatitis was characterized by a massive necrosis of the exocrine parenchyma with intense hemorrhage and inflammatory reaction of the stroma. The sequence of histologic and ultrastructural alterations occurring in the acinar cells of the pancreas were studied in mice fed the diet for 1, 2, and 3 days. Major findings consited of accumulation of zymogen granules, vacuolation due to foci of cytoplasmic degradation, and alterations in the morphology of the zymogen granules. The pancreatitis appears to be due to intraparenchymal activation of zymogens, resulting from a synergistic action of choline deficiency with the basic toxicity of ethionine toward the acinar cells of the pancreas. The experimental model simulates closely the acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with fat necrosis occurring in humans and may prove useful for exploring the pathogenesis of this condition.  (+info)

Starvation impairs antioxidant defense in fatty livers of rats fed a choline-deficient diet. (6/288)

Although fatty liver (FL) is considered an innocuous condition, the frequent incidence of graft failure when FL are transplanted has renewed interest in the intracellular disorders causative of or consequent to fatty degeneration. Oxidative stress and nutritional status modulate the tolerance to reperfusion injury in control livers (CL), but very little is known in the case of FL. This study was designed to compare the oxidative balance in CL and FL from fed and food-deprived rats. Serum and liver samples were collected from fed and starved (18 h) rats with CL or FL induced by a choline-deficient diet. Hepatic injury was assessed by transaminase activities and histology. The hepatic concentrations of glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PC) were measured. Fed rats with FL had significantly greater TBARS and lower alpha-tocopherol and vitamin C levels than those with CL, whereas GSH and PC concentrations were not affected. Starvation impaired the oxidative balance in both groups. However, compared with the other groups, FL from food-deprived rats generally had the lowest hepatic concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C and GSH. Unlike in CL, protein oxidation occurred in FL. These data indicate that fatty liver induced by consumption of a choline-deficient diet is associated with a lower level of antioxidants, which results in lipid peroxidation. Starvation further affects these alterations and extends the damage to proteins. In conclusion, steatosis and starvation may act synergistically on the depletion of antioxidants, predisposing fatty livers to a reduced tolerance to oxidative injury.  (+info)

Increased uracil misincorporation in lymphocytes from folate-deficient rats. (7/288)

The development of certain human cancers has been linked with inadequate intake of folates. The effects of folate deficiency in vivo on DNA stability (strand breakage, misincorporated uracil and oxidative base damage) in lymphocytes isolated from rats fed a diet deficient in folic acid was determined. Because the metabolic pathways of folate and other methyl donors are closely coupled, the effects of methionine and choline deficiency alone or in combination with folate deficiency were determined. Feeding male Hooded Lister rats a folate-free diet for 10 weeks created a moderate folate deficiency (25-50% (approx.) decrease in plasma, red blood cell and hepatic folate concentrations (P < 0.05) and a 20% rise in plasma homocysteine (P < 0.05)). Lymphocyte DNA strand breakage was increased successively in all groups after 4 weeks and 8 weeks on the diet (50-100% (approx.) after 8 weeks). Only low folate specifically and progressively induced uracil misincorporation throughout the study (100% (approx.) after 8 weeks). Neither folate deficiency nor choline/methionine deficiency altered oxidative DNA base damage. In summary, moderate folate deficiency in vivo is associated with a decrease in DNA stability, measured as increased DNA strand breakage and misincorporated uracil.  (+info)

Effect of choline deficiency on utilization of labeled precursors of choline and turnover of choline in the liver of mature Japanese quail. (8/288)

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of choline deficiency on utilization of various labeled precursors of choline and rate of choline biosynthesis in mature Japanese quail. A deficiency of dietary choline did not change the in vivo incorporation of 14C-label from (1,2-14C) ETHANOLAMINE, N, N-dimethyl (1,2-14C) ethanolamine, and L-(methyl-14C) methionine into liver phosphatidylcholine (PC) or total phospholipids. Incorporation of radioactivity from (14C) serine into liver PC was increased, but the difference was not significant (PGREATER THAN3.35). In vitro studies confirmed these observations as there were no differences in liver microsomal methyltransferase activities, expressed as the incorporation of methyl-14C from labeled S-adenosylmethionine into microsomal PC from quail fed a purified diet with with or without choline. Rats appeared to incorporate an increased amount of 14C into PC when fed a diet devoid of choline, but the differences were not significant. There were differences in methyltransferase activities among species, and quail had the lowest activity. A slower turnover of choline was found in quail liver (t1/2=7.5 hours) as compared with that of hen liver (t1/2=2.0 hours). The methyltransferase responsible for the first methylation of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine from quail liver appears to differ from most other biosynthetic enzymes in that it occurs in liver and catalyzes the reaction at a slow rate but cannot adapt to exogenous choline supply to meet the requirements for normal bodily functions in quail.  (+info)

Credible Evidence: Why you should eat more (not less) cholesterol - ChriCredible Evidence: Why you should eat more (not less) cholesterol - Chri
Chris Masterjohn has written extensively about choline deficiency and its relationship to fatty liver disease which affects as many as 100 million Americans and is often attributed to excess alcohol and sugar consumption by conventional practitioners. After a review of the literature, Masterjohn concludes that choline deficiency plays a role in virtually every type of diet-induced fatty liver model, and that adequate dietary choline is essential for proper liver function. He also suggests that high consumption of dietary fat, including saturated fats, increases the amount of choline required to prevent the accumulation of fat in the liver. (6 ...
http://pi-bill-articles.blogspot.com/2012/07/why-you-should-eat-more-not-less.html
Virtual Liver SEEK Presentations
Question: NASH is a benign liver disease and will progress, if untreated, into fibrosis/cirrhosis and potentially into hepatocellular cancer. Human cell therapy approaches for the treatment of NASH have not been addressed yet. Therefore, the present work aimed at establishing an animal model to evaluate the feasibility of stem cell-derived hepatocytes in NASH. Methods: Immundeficient Pfp/Rag2-/- mice were fed with a methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD diet) for up to 5 weeks. Alanine-aminotransferase ...
http://seek.virtual-liver.de/presentations?page=N
A methyl-deficient diet fed to rats during the pre- and peri-conception periods of development modifies the hepatic proteome in...A methyl-deficient diet fed to rats during the pre- and peri-conception periods of development modifies the hepatic proteome in...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of A methyl-deficient diet fed to rats during the pre- and peri-conception periods of development modifies the hepatic proteome in the adult offspring. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-methyl-deficient-diet-fed-to-rats-during-the-pre-and-peri-conce/fingerprints/
Development of a novel mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using a high-fat, choline...Development of a novel mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using a high-fat, choline...
The MCD model is one of the best-known NASH animal models [19, 20]. Choline deficiency causes Cyp2E1 upregulation with increased reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction [27]; methionine deficiency exacerbates hepatic injury associated with oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress [33]. Although MCD mice develop steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis, both body weight and insulin resistance tend to decrease because of reduced food intake and increased basal metabolism. The MCD model thus reflects a different pathophysiology than human NASH with respect to metabolic syndrome.. Few reported NASH-HCC models have fully incorporated all the clinical changes associated with that disease [28-30]. In our HFCD + DEN model, tumor initiation is basically dependent on a chemical carcinogen, which is artificial compared with the above spontaneous HCC models. Thus, the HFCD + DEN model cannot assess the initiation step of NASH-HCC. However, the time to HCC ...
https://bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12876-016-0477-5
Choline Information
Choline Info! In addition to fatty liver, choline deficiency causes abnormal kidney function, infertility, growth impairment, bone abnormalities, reduced protection of blood cells and hypertension, among other problems. Use of choline as a dietary supplement can lead to improved cardiovascular health, liver and reproductive functions. Choline has been shown to improve performance in endurance sports such as running and swimming. Choline is known to play a role in brain development, learning and memory.. ...
http://stats.bodybuildingpro.com/cholineinfo.html
Subject: rats / Publication Year: 2015 / Subject: liver and blood serum / Text Availability: Citation in PubAg - PubAg Search...Subject: rats / Publication Year: 2015 / Subject: liver and blood serum / Text Availability: Citation in PubAg - PubAg Search...
It has been reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 (1,25-VD3) ameliorates the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, it is unclear whether 1,25-VD3 plays a role in NASH induced by a choline-deficient (CD) diet. In this study, we investigated the roles of 1,25-VD3 in the development and progression of NASH in rats induced by a CD diet.Wistar rats with NASH induced by a CD diet were subject ...
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bpublication_year_rev%5D%5B%5D=7985-2015&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=liver&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=blood+serum&f%5Btext_availability%5D%5B%5D=Citation+in+PubAg&q=%22rats%22&search_field=subject&sort=title
The Youthful Brain | Whole Foods MagazineThe Youthful Brain | Whole Foods Magazine
Phospholipids are major constituents of all cell membranes, says Trisha Sugarek MacDonald, BS MS, senior director of research and development and national educator for Bluebonnet. Phosphatidycholine in particular is important for brain health since it is a precursor for the essential nutrient choline.. Phosphatidylserine modulates the fluidity of neuronal cell membranes, which is critical to the brain cells ability to send and receive chemical communications, Sugarek MacDonald adds. It has demonstrated some usefulness in improving learning, memory and cognitive function by enabling brain cells to metabolize glucose and release/bind with neurotransmitters more effectively.. Sugarek MacDonald also considers choline an optimal supplement for the aging brain. Choline is the newest nutrient to receive a Daily Value (i.e. 550 mg/daily) from the FDA. Choline helps with the communication system for cells within the brain and the rest of the body. [It] may also support the brain during aging and ...
https://wholefoodsmagazine.com/supplements/features-supplements/the-youthful-brain/
Extra Prenatal Choline Doesnt Help Kids Brains | Health eCareersExtra Prenatal Choline Doesnt Help Kids Brains | Health eCareers
November 26, 2012 -- Taking extra choline during pregnancy does not improve babies language and memory skills, according to a new study. I think eating the...
https://www.healthecareers.com/imcn/news/extra-prenatal-choline-doesnt-help-kids-brains/171546
The effect of cocoa supplementation on hepatic steatosis, reactive oxygen species and LFABP in a rat model of NASH - DROThe effect of cocoa supplementation on hepatic steatosis, reactive oxygen species and LFABP in a rat model of NASH - DRO
Results: Liver fatty acid binding protein mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the liver of animals with fatty liver disease when compared to controls. Increased hepatic fat content was accompanied by higher levels of oxidative stress in animals with fatty liver disease when compared to controls. An inverse association was found between the levels of hepatic liver fatty acid binding protein and the level of hepatic oxidative stress in fatty liver disease. Elevated NADPH oxidase protein levels were detected in the liver of animals with increased severity in inflammation and fibrosis. Cocoa supplementation was associated with partial attenuation of these pathological changes, although the severity of liver disease induced by the methionine choline deficient diet prevented complete reversal of any disease associated changes. Red blood cell glutathione was increased by cocoa supplementation, whereas liver glutathione was reduced by cocoa compared to methionine choline deficient diet fed animals ...
https://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30042978
Plus itPlus it
The influence of choline availability on acetylcholine (ACh) release in the hippocampus of the awake rat was investigated using the microdialysis procedure. Three treatments enhancing choline availability for basal and atropine-evoked ACh release were evaluated: acute administration of choline chloride (20 mg/kg i.p.); pretreatment of animals with nicotinamide (10 mmol/kg s.c.) 2 hr before atropine injection and dietary choline supplementation (5-fold increase of choline intake for 15-18 days). Although acute choline administration led to a short-lasting (15 min) increase of basal choline efflux by 25% and nicotinamide caused a long-lasting (5 hr) increase by 105%, neither one affected basal ACh release. However, basal release of choline (1.38 pmol/min) and of ACh (114 fmol/min) in the hippocampus was slightly increased in choline-supplemented animals (choline: 1.92 pmol/min; ACh: 140 fmol/min). In untreated animals, atropine administration caused a 3-fold increase of ACh efflux that lasted ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/282/3/1139
Plus itPlus it
The protein kinase activity of isolated plasma membranes from the livers of rats treated with three promoting regimens was examined using both exogenous proteins and endogenous plasma membrane proteins as substrates. Male rats first received either an initiating dose (30 mg/kg) of the hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine or the 0.9% NaCl solution vehicle by i.p. injection at 18 h following partial hepatectomy. Ten days later, the three promoting regimens were begun. These consisted of 10 weeks of treatment with either (a) a choline-deficient (CD) diet, (b) a choline-supplemented (CS) diet containing 0.06% phenobarbital (PHB) (CS plus PHB), or (c) a CD diet containing 0.06% PHB (CD plus PHB). In addition, two other groups of rats received either (a) a CS diet containing 2% di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) (CS plus DEHP) or (b) a CD diet containing 2% DEHP (CD plus DEHP). DEHP is a widely used plasticizer and environmental contaminant which we have shown previously inhibits the development of ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/45/6/2654
Dysregulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism precedes islet autoimmunity in children who later progress to type 1 diabetes ...Dysregulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism precedes islet autoimmunity in children who later progress to type 1 diabetes ...
In this longitudinal study, we compared serum metabolome in children who, during follow up, progressed to type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity and, further, to clinical diabetes (progressors) or who remained permanently healthy and autoantibody negative. Our study strongly suggests that metabolic dysregulation precedes overt autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes.. We found that the children who developed type 1 diabetes have reduced serum levels of succinic acid and PC at birth and reduced levels of multiple phospholipids and triglycerides throughout the follow up. As PC is a major source of choline in the body, our data suggest that the progressors are choline-deficient since birth. Besides being an important epigenetic regulator (17), choline also controls the secretion of triglyceride-rich very low-density lipoprotein particles. Choline deficiency leads to lower serum triglyceride levels and their increased accumulation in liver (18). This is consistent with our observation that during infancy ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/205/13/2975
Livestock Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Choline (LMDB00041)
Choline is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. Choline is now considered to be an essential vitamin. While animals can synthesize small amounts (by converting phosphatidylethanolamine to phosphatidylcholine), it must be consumed in the diet to maintain health. Required levels are between 425 mg/day (female) and 550 mg/day (male). Milk, eggs, liver and peanuts are especially rich in choline. Most choline is found in phospholipids, namely phosphatidylcholine or lecithin. Choline can be oxidized to form betaine, which is a methyl source for many reactions (i.e. conversion of homocysteine e to methionine). Lack of sufficient amounts of choline in the diet can lead to a fatty liver condition and general liver damage. This arises from the lack of VLDL, which is necessary to transport fats away from the liver. Choline deficiency also ...
http://lmdb.ca/metabolites/LMDB00041
Comparison of gene expression patterns between mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver tissues from patients...Comparison of gene expression patterns between mouse models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and liver tissues from patients...
METHODS: We performed a systematic evaluation of genome-wide messenger RNA expression using liver tissues collected from mice fed a standard chow diet (controls) and 9 mouse models of NAFLD: mice on a high-fat diet (with or without fructose), mice on a Western-type diet, mice on a methionine- and choline-deficient diet, mice on a high-fat diet given streptozotocin, and mice with disruption of Pten in hepatocytes. We compared gene expression patterns with those of liver tissues from 25 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 27 patients with NAFLD, 15 healthy obese individuals, and 39 healthy nonobese individuals (controls). Liver samples were obtained from patients undergoing liver biopsy for suspected NAFLD or NASH, or during liver or bariatric surgeries. Data sets were analyzed using the limma R-package. Overlap of functional profiles was analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis profiles ...
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/136148/
Protocols and Video Articles Authored by Caryn L. ElsegoodProtocols and Video Articles Authored by Caryn L. Elsegood
Caryn L. Elsegood is the author of this article in the Journal of Visualized Experiments: The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented (CDE) Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury
https://www.jove.com/author/Caryn+L._Elsegood
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)
Discusses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is part of a group of diseases called nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Covers cirrhosis. Discusses lifestyle changes, including controlling diabetes and high cholesterol and losing weight.
https://www.stlukesonline.org/health-services/health-information/healthwise/2017/06/27/13/30/nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash
Global NonAlcoholic Steatohepatitis Epidemiology Forecast to 2025 | MedgadgetGlobal NonAlcoholic Steatohepatitis Epidemiology Forecast to 2025 | Medgadget
NonAlcoholic Steatohepatitis Epidemiology Forecast to 2025 provide an overview of the risk factors and global trends of NASH in the 7MM (US, France, German
https://www.medgadget.com/2017/07/global-nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-epidemiology-forecast-to-2025.html
Down-regulation of the microRNAs miR-34a, miR-127, and miR-200b in rat liver during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a methyl...Down-regulation of the microRNAs miR-34a, miR-127, and miR-200b in rat liver during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a methyl...
Tryndyak, V. P., Ross, S. A., Beland, F. A. and Pogribny, I. P. (2009), Down-regulation of the microRNAs miR-34a, miR-127, and miR-200b in rat liver during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a methyl-deficient diet. Mol. Carcinog., 48: 479-487. doi: 10.1002/mc.20484 ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mc.20484/references
Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Monotherapy and Combination Regimens in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) -...Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Monotherapy and Combination Regimens in Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) -...
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03987074
An Efficacy and Safety Study of Rimonabant for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Patients With Type 2...An Efficacy and Safety Study of Rimonabant for Treatment of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Patients With Type 2...
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00577148?term=nash&rank=17
Choline, an essential nutrient - BioCeuticalsCholine, an essential nutrient - BioCeuticals
Choline is an essential nutrient that has similarities to the B vitamins. Although the human body makes some choline, choline needs to be obtained through the diet…
https://www.bioceuticals.com.au/education/article/choline-an-essential-nutrient
Contact and Referral Information | Steatohepatitis CenterContact and Referral Information | Steatohepatitis Center
When you need help, we can change the outcome together. Call us for more information or to talk to an expert at the Steatohepatitis Center.
https://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/service/s/steatohepatitis/contact
Genfit heading toward Nasdaq IPO as PhIII NASH trial revs up | FierceBiotechGenfit heading toward Nasdaq IPO as PhIII NASH trial revs up | FierceBiotech
Genfit is working its way toward an IPO on Nasdaq. Listing in the U.S. would give Genfits bank balance a boost at a time when it is facing the prospect of a €150 million ($160 million) bill for an upcoming Phase III trial of its nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) drug, elafibranor.
https://www.fiercebiotech.com/financials/genfit-heading-toward-nasdaq-ipo-as-phiii-nash-trial-revs-up
Super paramagnetic iron oxide MRI shows defective Kupffer cell uptake function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | GutSuper paramagnetic iron oxide MRI shows defective Kupffer cell uptake function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease | Gut
Background The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is incompletely understood. Kupffer cells (KCs), phagocytic liver-resident macrophages, provide a protective barrier against egress of endotoxin from the portal to the systemic circulation. It is not known if KC phagocytic function is impaired in NAFLD. Super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) magnetic resonance imaging is a comparative technology dependent on KC phagocytic function.. Objective To evaluate KC uptake function, in patients and experimental animals with NAFLD, using SPIO.. Methods Abdominal CT and histological examination of liver biopsy specimens were used to estimate the degree of steatosis in patients with NAFLD and controls with chronic hepatitis C. SPIO-MRI was then performed in all patients. Normal rats fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet to induce non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the more severe stage of NAFLD, and obese, insulin resistant, Zucker fa/fa rats with steatohepatitis, were also studied ...
http://gut.bmj.com/content/59/2/258
Disruption of phospholipid and bile acid homeostasis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Disruption of phospholipid and bile acid homeostasis in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. AU - Tanaka, Naoki. AU - Matsubara, Tsutomu. AU - Krausz, Kristopher W.. AU - Patterson, Andrew D.. AU - Gonzalez, Frank J.. PY - 2012/7/1. Y1 - 2012/7/1. N2 - Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease that can develop into cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although several metabolic pathways are disrupted and endogenous metabolites may change in NASH, the alterations in serum metabolites during NASH development remain unclear. To gain insight into the disease mechanism, serum metabolite changes were assessed using metabolomics with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and a conventional mouse NASH model induced by a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Significant decreases in serum palmitoyl-, stearoyl-, and ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/disruption-of-phospholipid-and-bile-acid-homeostasis-in-mice-with
Increases in the concentration of brain α-bungarotoxin binding sites induced by dietary choline are age-dependent<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Increases in the concentration of brain α-bungarotoxin binding sites induced by dietary choline are age-dependent. AU - Morley, Barbara J.. AU - Garner, Laura L.. PY - 1986/7/23. Y1 - 1986/7/23. N2 - We have previously reported that a diet supplemented with choline induces an increase in the concentration of a brain nicotinic-like receptor, as measured by α-bungarotoxin (BuTX) binding. Here we report the effects of choline administered in the drinking water on BuTX binding in the cortex, midbrain and brainstem of rats at 3 ages. In comparison with animals fed a choline-free diet, choline supplementation produced increases averaging 50% in 23-day-old rats and increases of approximately 30% in 60-day-old rats. Increases were also found in 6-month-old animals (averaging 16%), but the differences were generally not statistically significant. The mechanism responsible for the increase in the concentration of BuTX binding sites following the administration of dietary choline is not ...
https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/publications/increases-in-the-concentration-of-brain-%CE%B1-bungarotoxin-binding-si
Plus itPlus it
Lifestyle factors and chronic pathologic states are important contributors to interindividual variability in susceptibility to xenobiotic-induced toxicity. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly prevalent condition that can dramatically affect chemical metabolism. We examined the effect of NAFLD on toxicokinetics of tetrachloroethylene (PERC), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that requires metabolic activation to induce adverse health effects. Mice (C57Bl/6J, male) were fed a low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), or methionine/folate/choline-deficient diet (MCD) to model a healthy liver, steatosis, or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), respectively. After 8 weeks, mice were orally administered a single dose of PERC (300 mg/kg) or vehicle (aqueous Alkamuls-EL620) and euthanized at various time points (1-36 hours). Levels of PERC and its metabolites were measured in blood/serum, liver, and fat. Effects of diets on liver gene expression and tissue:air partition ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/361/1/17
Estrogen & Phosphatidylcholine: Are You Deficient? - Metabolic HealingEstrogen & Phosphatidylcholine: Are You Deficient? - Metabolic Healing
According to USDA food data, liver and eggs have ten times (10x) more choline than most vegetables (4). Vegans and vegetarians are at a greater risk of choline deficiency, because plant foods contain significantly less choline than animal foods. As a whole food, raw soybean seeds contain 120 mg of choline per 100 grams (roughly 3.5 ounces of soybeans). One, 3.5 ounce serving of raw soybean seeds daily would yield approximately 25% of the minimum requirement of choline (not taking into account the estrogen, PEMT, phosphatidylcholine dynamic, which may increase these requirements in some people). However, raw soybeans contain a large amount of anti-nutrients, such as: phytic acid, lectins, proteinase inhibitors, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors as well as urease. Soybeans also contain soyatoxin and soybean toxins (5). Cooking and fermentation may alter and reduce some of these. Fruits generally contain less than 20mg of choline per 100g. The USDA lists plenty of processed and junk vegetarian ...
https://metabolichealing.com/estrogen-phosphatidylcholine-are-you-deficient/
SciELO - Brazil - Infliximab treatment prevents hyperglycemia and the intensification of hepatic gluconeogenesis in an animal...SciELO - Brazil - Infliximab treatment prevents hyperglycemia and the intensification of hepatic gluconeogenesis in an animal...
HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH Infliximab treatment prevents hyperglycemia and the intensification of hepatic gluconeogenesis in an animal model of high fat diet-induced liver glucose overproduction Karissa Satomi HaidaI; Gabriela BertachiniI; Thauany TavoniI; Márcio GuilhermettiI; Marco Rocha LouresII; Roberto Barbosa BazotteI, * * Author for correspondence: [email protected] IDepartamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica Clínica; Universidade Estadual de Maringá IIDepartamento de Medicina; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Av. Colombo, 5790; 87020-900; Maringá - PR - Brasil. ABSTRACT The effect of infliximab on gluconeogenesis in an animal model of diet-induced liver glucose overproduction was investigated. The mice were treated with standard diet (SD group) or high fat diet (HFD group). HFD group were randomly divided and treated either with saline (100 µl/dose, ip, twice a day) or infliximab (10 µg in 100 µl saline per dose, ip, twice a day, i.e., 0.5 mg/kg per day). SD group also received ...
https://www.scielo.br/j/babt/a/bF5KfXkZV6PPXCwKB776F5v/?format=html&lang=en
Still trying to solve headache issues with Pramiracetam - Brain Health - LONGECITYStill trying to solve headache issues with Pramiracetam - Brain Health - LONGECITY
Still trying to solve headache issues with Pramiracetam - posted in Brain Health: I am a beginner here. Started taking pramiracetam, after having some limited experience with piracetam previously. What I am finding is that it has been very, very difficult (actually, impossible so far) to find a balance of pramiracetam and choline that doesnt either give me a bad tension headache or a sore stiff neck. I have read that headaches are from choline deficiency and stiff necks are from to...
http://www.longecity.org/forum/topic/56718-still-trying-to-solve-headache-issues-with-pramiracetam/
Ezetimibe, an NPC1L1 inhibitor, is a potent Nrf2 activator that protects mice from diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis<...Ezetimibe, an NPC1L1 inhibitor, is a potent Nrf2 activator that protects mice from diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ezetimibe, an NPC1L1 inhibitor, is a potent Nrf2 activator that protects mice from diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. AU - Lee, Da Hyun. AU - Han, Dai Hoon. AU - Nam, Ki Taek. AU - Park, Jeong Su. AU - Kim, Soo Hyun. AU - Lee, Milim. AU - Kim, Gyuri. AU - Min, Byung Soh. AU - Cha, Bong Soo. AU - Lee, Yu Seol. AU - Sung, Su Haeng. AU - Jeong, Haengdueng. AU - Ji, Hye Won. AU - Lee, Moon Joo. AU - Lee, Jae Sung. AU - Lee, Hui Young. AU - Chun, Yoomi. AU - Kim, Joungmok. AU - Komatsu, Masaaki. AU - Lee, Yong ho. AU - Bae, Soo Han. PY - 2016/10/1. Y1 - 2016/10/1. N2 - Oxidative stress is important for the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic disease that ranges from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Nrf2-Keap1) pathway is essential for cytoprotection against oxidative stress. In this study, we found that oxidative stress or inflammatory ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/ezetimibe-an-npc1l1-inhibitor-is-a-potent-nrf2-activator-that-pro
Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Eat, Delete, and Inflame<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Animal Models of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. T2 - Eat, Delete, and Inflame. AU - Ibrahim, Samar C. AU - Hirsova, Petra. AU - Malhi, Harmeet M. AU - Gores, Gregory James. PY - 2015/12/1. Y1 - 2015/12/1. N2 - With the obesity epidemic, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a public health problem with increasing prevalence. The mechanism of disease progression remains obscure and effective therapy is lacking. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for disease development and progression in order to develop innovative therapies. To accomplish this goal, experimental animal models that recapitulate the human disease are necessary, especially, since causative mechanistic studies of NAFLD are more difficult or unethical to perform in humans. A large number of studies regarding the pathophysiology and treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) have been undertaken in mice to model human NAFLD and NASH. This review discusses ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/animal-models-of-nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-eat-delete-and-infl
Sweet cherry anthocyanins improves excessive liver steatosis in ratsSweet cherry anthocyanins improves excessive liver steatosis in rats
Anthocyanins from sweet cherries may protect against diet-induced liver steatosis, or excessive amounts of fat in the livers tissue, says a new study with rats.
https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2016/06/01/Sweet-cherry-anthocyanins-improves-excessive-liver-steatosis-in-rats
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis | Specialty Pharma JournalNonalcoholic steatohepatitis | Specialty Pharma Journal
FOSTER CITY, Calif.-(BUSINESS WIRE)-Gilead Sciences, Inc. (Nasdaq:GILD) today announced results from an open-label, proof-of-concept study evaluating GS-0976, an investigational inhibitor of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The data, from ten patients treated with GS-0976 20 mg taken orally once daily for 12 weeks, indicated that treatment …. ...
http://www.spjnews.com/tag/nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis/
An improved mouse model that rapidly develops fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitisAn improved mouse model that rapidly develops fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive fibrotic disease, the pathogenesis of which has not been fully elucidated. One of the most common models used in NASH research is a nutritional model where NASH is induced by feeding a diet deficient in both methionine and choline. However, the d …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23305254/?dopt=Abstract
Health Effects of Vitamins: Vitamin B12 and Liver Cancer
In the study of Molecular alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by dietary methyl deficiency by Pogribny IP, James SJ, Beland FA., posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Feeding methyl-deficient diets causes several molecular alterations, including altered lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, deregulated one-carbon metabolism, and a number of epigenetic abnormalities that result in progressive liver injury culminating in the development of primary liver tumors ...
http://healthbenefitsofvitamins.blogspot.com/2011/11/vitamin-b12-and-liver-cancer.html
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Global Clinical Trials Review, H1, 2012 :Market Segments, Size, Trend and Market projections for...
The Report Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Global Clinical Trials Review, H1, 2012 provides information on pricing, market analysis, shares, forecast, and company profiles for key industry participants. - MarketResearchReports.biz
https://www.marketresearchreports.biz/reports/105439/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis-global-clinical-trials-review-h1-2012-market-research-reports
Data Showing Potential for Machine Learning to Advance Understanding of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Presented at the...
-- AI-Based Tools for Liver Histology Assessment Contribute to Gileads Broader Efforts to Improve Understanding of NASH -- -- Data Support Utility of
http://security.itbusinessnet.com/2019/11/data-showing-potential-for-machine-learning-to-advance-understanding-of-nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash-presented-at-the-liver-meeting-2019/
Pioglitazone reduced liver injury and improved fasting glucose in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis without diabetes | Annals of...Pioglitazone reduced liver injury and improved fasting glucose in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis without diabetes | Annals of...
Patients. 74 patients 27 to 73 years of age (mean age 54 y, 61% men) who had NASH without diabetes. Exclusion criteria were history of alcohol excess, use of weight-reduction drugs or drugs associated with fatty liver, current or previous heart failure, renal impairment, and pregnancy or lactation. ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/1032691/pioglitazone-reduced-liver-injury-improved-fasting-glucose-nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-without
Choline benefits! Choline Supplements! Choline Diet!Choline benefits! Choline Supplements! Choline Diet!
Choline benefits! Choline acts as a sexual messenger. When you take a choline supplement, it is quickly converted by your body into Acetyl-Choline, a neurotransmitter...
https://www.boost-your-low-testosterone.com/choline-benefits.html
Time to Reconsider Eggs? Our Need for Choline | Dr. Low DogTime to Reconsider Eggs? Our Need for Choline | Dr. Low Dog
Choline is a critical nutrient for our health, but many people are deficient in it. It might just be time to reconsider eggs - a natural source of choline.
https://drlowdog.com/time-to-reconsider-eggs-our-need-for-choline/
Cholinergic Biohacker Guide to Choline and Cholinergics - Peak NootropicsCholinergic Biohacker Guide to Choline and Cholinergics - Peak Nootropics
Choline and cholinergics for the cholinergic biohacker. Learn about the importance of choline and cholinergics to memory building in the brain.
https://peaknootropics.com/choline-cholinergic-biohacker/
Choline: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and WarningCholine: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning
Learn more about Choline uses, effectiveness, possible side effects, interactions, dosage, user ratings and products that contain Choline
https://www.webmd.com/g00/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-436/choline?i10c.encReferrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLnJzLw%3D%3D&i10c.ua=1&i10c.dv=14
Choline Hydrogentartrate - Drugs.comCholine Hydrogentartrate - Drugs.com
Choline Hydrogentartrate is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. A list of US medications equivalent to Choline Hydrogentartrate is available on the Drugs.com website.
https://www.drugs.com/international/choline-hydrogentartrate.html
Advanced Cave Training | CDAAAdvanced Cave Training | CDAA
Advanced Cave Site Defined as an enclosed body of water containing silt, darkness zones, and passages that at times are not large enough for two divers to buddy alongside. Advanced Cave sites are of unlimited penetration distance. Prerequisites
http://cavedivers.com.au/advanced-cave
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis | definition of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Medical dictionaryNon-alcoholic steatohepatitis | definition of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in the Medical Dictionary? Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis explanation free. What is Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis? Meaning of Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis medical term. What does Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Non-alcoholic+steatohepatitis
Effects of prenatal choline supplementation on behavioral and neural r by Raven AdamsEffects of prenatal choline supplementation on behavioral and neural r by Raven Adams
Choline is a crucial nutrient that contributes to several biological functions and serves as a precursor molecule to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Choline is integral to the development and function of the central nervous system, and its availability during the prenatal period has lasting and protective effects on neural function. Researchers have found that prenatal choline supplementation in the rat enhances learning and memory processes later in life, especially those involving spatial memory. Researchers have also demonstrated that choline protects against a number of physical stressors to the neural environment, such as prenatal alcohol exposure, induced seizures, and chronic stress-induced exposure to corticosteroids. Compared to the study of these types of physical stressors, relatively little research has examined the influence of prenatal choline exposure on psychological stress later in life. In an attempt to contribute to this field, the present study examined the effects of prenatal
https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses/348/
Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis | Annals of Internal Medicine | American...Long-Term Pioglitazone Treatment for Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis | Annals of Internal Medicine | American...
We read Cusi and colleagues study (1) about the effects of long-term pioglitazone therapy in patients with T2DM or prediabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with great interest. The metabolic benefits and improvements in liver histologic characteristics are particularly important given the increasing burden of disease and current absence of alternative agents with convincing long-term data. This study extends our own findings about the effects of 12 months of pioglitazone therapy in nondiabetic participants with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We also found improvements in histologic measures of liver injury and fibrosis with pioglitazone therapy (2 ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/2601195/long-term-pioglitazone-treatment-patients-nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed diseaseNonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is a poorly understood and hitherto unnamed liver disease that histologically mimics alcoholic hepatitis and that also may progress to cirrhosis. Described here are findings in 20 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis of unknown cause. The biopsy specimens were char …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7382552/?dopt=Abstract
SearchSearch
Little is known about the biological effect of folate in the protection against mitochondrial (mt) oxidative decay. The objective of the present study was to examine the consequence of folate deprivation on mt oxidative degeneration, and the mechanistic link underlying the relationship. Male Wistar rats were fed with an amino acid-defined diet containing either 8 (control) or 0 (folate-deficient, FD) mg folic acid/kg diet. After a 4-week FD feeding period, significant elevation in oxidative stress was observed inside the liver mitochondria with a 77 % decrease in mt folate level (P , 0·001), a 28 % reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity (P = 0·0333), a 1·2-fold increase of mt protein carbonyls (P = 0·0278) and an accumulated 4834 bp large-scale deletion in mtDNA. The elicited oxidative injuries in FD liver mitochondria were associated with 30 % reduction of cytochrome c oxidase (CcOX) activity (P = 0·0264). The defective CcOX activity in FD hepatocytes coincided with mt membrane ...
http://core-cms.prod.aop.cambridge.org/core/search?filters%5BauthorTerms%5D=Chu-Yi%20Huang&eventCode=SE-AU
Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 26th 2014 - Fight Aging!Fight Aging! Newsletter, May 26th 2014 - Fight Aging!
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2014/05/a-report-from-the-first-international-mini-symposium-on-methionine-restriction-and-lifespan.php Methionine is an essential amino acid. Our metabolism cannot produce it, but is nonetheless an important raw material for the manufacture of proteins, and thus must be obtained in the diet. If you dont obtain enough of it, you die. Fortunately just about any sensible diet, and even most deficient diets, contain far more than you actually need to get by. Very few foodstuffs are lacking in methionine.. If you are the sort who likes undertaking strict and novel diets for the inherent challenge involved, rather than the outcome, then you should give up whatever you are doing right now and give a low methionine diet a try. You will be faced with challenging research to identify appropriate levels of methionine for a human low methionine diet, poor and contradictory nutritional data on the methionine content of various foodstuffs, and a comprehensive avoidance ...
https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2014/05/fight-aging-newsletter-may-26th-2014/
BrooklynDodger: Diethanolamine Inhibits Brain Development When Applied to the SkinBrooklynDodger: Diethanolamine Inhibits Brain Development When Applied to the Skin
Diethanolamine (DEA) is a common ingredient of personal care products. Dermal administration of DEA diminishes hepatic stores of the essential nutrient choline and alters brain development. We previously reported that 80 mg/kg/day of DEA during pregnancy in mice reduced neurogenesis and increased apoptosis in the fetal hippocampus. ... Timed-pregnant C57BL/6 mouse dams were dosed dermally from gestation day 7-17 with DEA at 0 (controls), 5, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg body/day. Fetuses (embryonic day 17 [E17]) from dams treated dermally with 80 mg/kg body/day DEA had decreased neural progenitor cell mitosis at the ventricular surface of the ventricular zone ... Also, this dose of DEA to dams increased rates of apoptosis in E17 fetal hippocampus ... This dose of DEA resulted in accumulation of DEA and its metabolites in liver and in plasma. At doses of DEA less than 80 mg/kg body/day to dams, there were no differences between treated and control groups. In a small group of human subjects, dermal ...
http://brooklyndodger1.blogspot.com/2008/12/diethanolamine-inhibits-brain.html
Gilead Presents Data From Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Development Program for Advanced Fibrosis at The Liver Meeting®...Gilead Presents Data From Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Development Program for Advanced Fibrosis at The Liver Meeting®...
Gilead Presents Data From Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Development Program for Advanced Fibrosis at The Liver Meeting® 2018
https://www.gilead.com/news-and-press/press-room/press-releases/2018/11/gilead-presents-data-from-nonalcoholic-steatohepatitis-nash-development-program-for-advanced-fibrosis-at-the-liver-meeting-2018
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) - Global Market Research Report 2017 to 2022 : Insights, Epidemiology and Forecast
(EMAILWIRE.COM, November 24, 2017 ) In this report, the global Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022. Geographically, this report is segmented into...
http://emailwire.com/release/532990-Nonalcoholic-Steatohepatitis-NASH-Global-Market-Research-Report-2017-to-2022-Insights-Epidemiology-and-Forecast.html
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis | Specialty Pharma Journalnon-alcoholic steatohepatitis | Specialty Pharma Journal
WATERTOWN, Mass.-(BUSINESS WIRE)-Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:ENTA), a chemistry-driven biotechnology company dedicated to creating small molecule drugs for viral infections and liver diseases, today announced positive results from its Phase 1 clinical study of EDP-305, Enantas lead FXR agonist for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The objective of …. ...
http://www.spjnews.com/tag/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis/
METHOD FOR NON-INVASIVE EXAMINATION OF NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS BY QUANTIFICATION OF CYTOCHROME-c, AND TEST KIT - Eisai R...METHOD FOR NON-INVASIVE EXAMINATION OF NON-ALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS BY QUANTIFICATION OF CYTOCHROME-c, AND TEST KIT - Eisai R...
It is found that blood cytochrome c levels quantified for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients are higher than those for healthy persons, and that the quantified blood cytochrome c values correlated
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0111122.html
Haptoglobin 2-2 Genotype Is Associated with More Advanced Disease in Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A...
Haptoglobin 2-2 Genotype Is Associated with More Advanced Disease in Subjects with Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: A Retrospective Study
https://adisjournals.figshare.com/articles/Haptoglobin_2-2_Genotype_Is_Associated_with_More_Advanced_Disease_in_Subjects_with_Non-Alcoholic_Steatohepatitis_A_Retrospective_Study/7643432/1
rs7946 - SNPediars7946 - SNPedia
rs7946, a SNP in the phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase PEMT gene and also known as +5465G-A, leads to a V175M (valine to methionine at amino acid position 175) substitution in the PEMT protein, and is a loss of function mutation. Caucasians with nonalcoholic fatty liver are more likely to carry the rs7946(T), with the effect being most pronounced for rs7946(T;T) genotypes. [PMID 16051693 ...
https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/rs7946
iAH Search interface 2.4 - Results of the search |page 1|iAH Search interface 2.4 - Results of the search |page 1|
Arif, M, Nair, V and Khan, Z R Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis in HIV-positive patients. SAMJ, S. Afr. med. j., Jan 2008, vol.98, no.1, p.25-26. ISSN 0256- ...
http://www.scielo.org.za/cgi-bin/wxis.exe/iah/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&base=article%5Edlibrary&format=iso.pft&lang=i&nextAction=lnk&indexSearch=AU&exprSearch=NAIR,+V
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Impairs Ventricular Diastolic Distensibility And Function Independent Of Underlying Type 2...Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Impairs Ventricular Diastolic Distensibility And Function Independent Of Underlying Type 2...
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https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/738611
Cell Type-Specific Function οf P38α MAPK in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: The Crosstalk Between Hepatocytes and Macrophages -...Cell Type-Specific Function οf P38α MAPK in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: The Crosstalk Between Hepatocytes and Macrophages -...
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https://aims.cuhk.edu.hk/converis/portal/detail/Publication/77147333?auxfun=&lang=en_GB
Non-Alcoholic SteatohepatitisNon-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Your liver is one of the most important organs in your entire body as it is responsible for detoxification of just about anything you eat, breath, and swallow.
http://www.empowher.com/liver-disease/content/non-alcoholic-steatohepatitis
How Doctors Diagnose NASH | NASH Diagnostic CriteriaHow Doctors Diagnose NASH | NASH Diagnostic Criteria
Learn how doctors make a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diagnosis, including a NASH blood test, the NASH diagnosis criteria, and what indicates a NASH cirrhosis diagnosis.
https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/liver-conditions/how-doctors-diagnose-nash?hid=exprr
Second participant dietary requirements</span>Second participant dietary requirements</span>
https://www.vitae.ac.uk/events/past-events/vitae-researcher-development-international-conference-2014/booking/non-member-booking-options/3participant-non-member-non-residential-day-rate/second-participant-dietary-requirements. This page has been reproduced from the Vitae website (www.vitae.ac.uk). Vitae is dedicated to realising the potential of researchers through transforming their professional and career development. ...
https://www.vitae.ac.uk/events/past-events/vitae-researcher-development-international-conference-2014/booking/non-member-booking-options/3participant-non-member-non-residential-day-rate/second-participant-dietary-requirements
Dietary requirements</span>Dietary requirements</span>
https://www.vitae.ac.uk/events/past-events/vitae-researcher-development-international-conference-2014/booking/non-member-booking-options/2participant-non-member-non-residential-day-rate/dietary-requirements. This page has been reproduced from the Vitae website (www.vitae.ac.uk). Vitae is dedicated to realising the potential of researchers through transforming their professional and career development. ...
https://www.vitae.ac.uk/events/past-events/vitae-researcher-development-international-conference-2014/booking/non-member-booking-options/2participant-non-member-non-residential-day-rate/dietary-requirements
Mitochondrial-based Therapies Offer New Ways to Tackle Acute and Chronic Conditions | BioSpaceMitochondrial-based Therapies Offer New Ways to Tackle Acute and Chronic Conditions | BioSpace
CohBar, Inc. is pioneering mitochondrial-based therapies with a candidate in a Phase Ia/Ib clinical trial as a potential treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and obesity, where top-line results are expected later this year.
https://www.biospace.com/article/cohbar-s-mitochondrial-based-therapies-offer-new-ways-to-tackle-acute-and-chronic-conditions/?s=71
Your SafetyYour Safety
As our suppliers gear themselves back up for service, some ingredients and some dishes on our menus may not be available. In the short term, therefore, the descriptions on menus may not always accurately reflect the contents of the dish. This means if you have any dietary requirements, it is really important that you speak to a member of the team before placing your order.. ...
https://www.browns-restaurants.co.uk/restaurants/northwest/manchester/covid
Your SafetyYour Safety
As our suppliers gear themselves back up for service, some ingredients and some dishes on our menus may not be available. In the short term, therefore, the descriptions on menus may not always accurately reflect the contents of the dish. This means if you have any dietary requirements, it is really important that you speak to a member of the team before placing your order.. ...
https://www.nicholsonspubs.co.uk/restaurants/scotlandandnorthernireland/thecurlersrestglasgow/covid
Your SafetyYour Safety
As our suppliers gear themselves back up for service, some ingredients and some dishes on our menus may not be available. In the short term, therefore, the descriptions on menus may not always accurately reflect the contents of the dish. This means if you have any dietary requirements, it is really important that you speak to a member of the team before placing your order.. ...
https://www.vintageinn.co.uk/restaurants/south-west/thewillywicketdownend/covid
Your SafetyYour Safety
As our suppliers gear themselves back up for service, some ingredients and some dishes on our menus may not be available. In the short term, therefore, the descriptions on menus may not always accurately reflect the contents of the dish. This means if you have any dietary requirements, it is really important that you speak to a member of the team before placing your order.. ...
https://www.vintageinn.co.uk/restaurants/midlands/thebadgerssettcropston/covid
Support Your Dogs Immunity | EukanubaSupport Your Dogs Immunity | Eukanuba
There are many ways that you can support your dogs immune system. See what dietary requirements dogs need to keep their immune system healthy and ensure they st...
https://www.eukanuba.co.uk/pet-care/support-your-dogs-immunity
O-(4-Nitrophenylphosphoryl)choline - Creative EnzymesO-(4-Nitrophenylphosphoryl)choline - Creative Enzymes
Welcome! For price inquiries, please feel free to contact us through the form below through the form on the left side. We will get back to you as soon as possible.. ...
https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/O-4Nitrophenylphosphoryl-choline_6681.html
Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Choline deficiency can lead to the development of NAFLD. Habitual snoring may be a risk factor for NAFLD, even after accounting ... heredity or by deficiencies in parenteral nutrition such as choline and endocrine conditions. If any of these factors are ... Low choline intake is significantly associated with the increased prevalence of NAFLD. Weight loss may improve NAFLD and is ... Studies in experimental animals implicated choline inadequacy in the 1920s and excess sugar consumption in 1949. The name "non- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-alcoholic_fatty_liver_disease
CholineCholine
... deficiency can cause fatty liver, which increases cancer and cardiovascular disease risk. Choline deficiency also ... Choline can also be produced by the CDP-choline route, cytosolic choline kinases (CK) phosphorylate choline with ATP to ... Choline deficiency thus leads to elevated homocysteine levels and decreased SAM levels in blood. Choline occurs in foods as a ... It inhibits choline and trimethylglycine synthesis. It is able to induce choline deficiency that in turn results in fatty liver ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline
Alanine transaminaseAlanine transaminase
Elevated ALT may also be caused by dietary choline deficiency.[citation needed] However, elevated levels of ALT do not ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_transaminase
Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferasePhosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
"Aberrant estrogen regulation of PEMT results in choline deficiency-associated liver dysfunction". The Journal of Biological ... While the CDP-choline pathway, in which choline obtained either by dietary consumption or by metabolism of choline-containing ... PEMT deficiency in mice, genetically induced by PEMT gene knockout, produced minimal effect on PE and PC levels. However, upon ... PEMT deficiency prevents atherosclerosis in mice fed high-fat, high-cholesterol diets. This is largely a result of lower levels ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylethanolamine_N-methyltransferase
Robert E. OlsonRobert E. Olson
Initially he researched choline deficiency in rats in the laboratory of Wendell H. Griffith. The war interrupted his studies, ... as Doisy believed no one else in the department was qualified to oversee the choline research. His final thesis research was on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Olson
Nutrition and cognitionNutrition and cognition
... are at risk for choline deficiency. Beef liver, wheat germ, and egg yolks are common foods providing choline. Lutein and ... Choline deficiencies may be related to some liver and neurological disorders. Because of its role in cellular synthesis, ... of individuals of any age with clinically observable B12 deficiency. Cobalamin deficiency manifestations are apparent in the ... Choline intakes from food for men, women and children may be below the Adequate Intake levels. Women, especially when pregnant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition_and_cognition
Emmanuel FarberEmmanuel Farber
Ghoshal, A. K.; Farber, E. (1993). "Choline deficiency, lipotrope deficiency and the development of liver disease including ... Ghoshal, Amiya K.; Farber, Emmanuel (1984). "The induction of liver cancer by dietary deficiency of choline and methionine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Farber
Diet and cancerDiet and cancer
For instance, deficiencies of the main dietary sources of methyl donors, methionine and choline, lead to the formation of liver ... Ghoshal AK, Farber E (October 1984). "The induction of liver cancer by dietary deficiency of choline and methionine without ... Whether it is deficiency in enzymes such as methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, methionine-dependency of cancer cells, high ... Methionine is an essential amino acid that must be provided by dietary intake of proteins or methyl donors (choline and betaine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_and_cancer
Jay DunlapJay Dunlap
"A developmental cycle masks output from the circadian oscillator under conditions of choline deficiency in Neurospora". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Dunlap
Frequency (gene)Frequency (gene)
... the CDO or choline deficiency oscillator that controls conidiation under conditions of choline limitation) controls conidiation ... "A developmental cycle masks output from the circadian oscillator under conditions of choline deficiency in Neurospora". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_(gene)
MTHFD1MTHFD1
"Genetic variation of folate-mediated one-carbon transfer pathway predicts susceptibility to choline deficiency in humans". ... Mutations of the MTHFD1 gene may cause methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 deficiency, also known as combined ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTHFD1
Fatty liver diseaseFatty liver disease
"Choline deficiency: a cause of hepatic steatosis during parenteral nutrition that can be reversed with intravenous choline ... "Choline deficiency causes reversible hepatic abnormalities in patients receiving parenteral nutrition: proof of a human choline ... This may be due to a deficiency in the methionine cycle. NAFLD affects about 30% of people in Western countries and 10% of ... In the case of long-term total parenteral nutrition induced fatty liver disease, choline has been shown to alleviate symptoms. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_liver_disease
NutriepigenomicsNutriepigenomics
Mehedint MG, Niculescu MD, Craciunescu CN, Zeisel SH (Jan 2010). "Choline deficiency alters global histone methylation and ... The methyl groups used in DNA methylation are often derived from dietary sources, such as folate and choline, and explains why ... For example, choline-deficient diets and alcohol metabolism during pregnancy may have very similar metabolic pathways. ... It is already common place for pregnant mothers to supplement their diets with choline and folate to prevent the development of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutriepigenomics
Vegan nutritionVegan nutrition
The Australian, New Zealand, and European Union national nutrition bodies note there have been no reports of choline deficiency ... Researchers have reported cases of vitamin B12 deficiency in lactating vegetarian mothers that were linked to deficiencies and ... "Individual Cases of B12 Deficiency in Vegans". VeganHealth.org. Retrieved 2021-11-30. "B12 Deficiency Cases in Vegan Infants ... there appear to have been no reports of deficiency in the general population. Deficiencies have been seen in experimental ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegan_nutrition
EnzymeEnzyme
Another example is pseudocholinesterase deficiency, in which the body's ability to break down choline ester drugs is impaired. ... "Pseudocholinesterase deficiency". U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 5 September 2013. Fieker A, Philpott J, Armand M ... One example of enzyme deficiency is the most common type of phenylketonuria. Many different single amino acid mutations in the ... Oral administration of enzymes can be used to treat some functional enzyme deficiencies, such as pancreatic insufficiency and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme
Basophilic stipplingBasophilic stippling
... from gastrointestinal tract CPD-choline phosphotransferase deficiency Unstable hemoglobins Altered hemoglobin biosynthesis ... ISBN 9780781770231.[page needed] Seip, M (1999). "Pyrimidine-5'-nucleotidase deficiency--congenital hemolytic anemia with ... nucleotidase deficiency Alcoholism Myelodysplastic syndromes Sideroblastic anemia Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia Primary ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophilic_stippling
Pseudocholinesterase deficiencyPseudocholinesterase deficiency
The affinity of PCE is lower for acetylcholine, but higher for other esters of choline, such as butyrylcholine, benzoylcholine ... Individuals with pseudocholinesterase deficiency also may be at increased risk of toxic reactions, including sudden cardiac ... Pseudocholinesterase deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited blood plasma enzyme abnormality in which the body's ... Pseudocholinesterase deficiency (anesthesia sensitivity) is an autosomal recessive condition common within the Persian and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocholinesterase_deficiency
Vitamin deficiencyVitamin deficiency
... and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 1998. pp. 58-86. doi:10.17226/6015. ISBN 978-0-309-06554-2. PMID ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia , Michigan Medicine". www.uofmhealth.org. Retrieved 8 October 2021. "How a Vitamin B Deficiency ... Vitamin deficiency is the condition of a long-term lack of a vitamin. When caused by not enough vitamin intake it is classified ... "Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment". 28 July 2021. Archived from the original on 28 July 2021. Retrieved ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_deficiency
Epigenetics of schizophreniaEpigenetics of schizophrenia
This line of thinking is further supported by studies showing that deficiencies in certain nutrients, including choline, folate ... PNMS, especially in early pregnancy, has also been associated to motor deficiencies and behavioral difficulties in the pre- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_schizophrenia
Choline acetyltransferaseCholine acetyltransferase
... a disease which leads to general motor function deficiency and weakness. Further symptoms include fatal apnea. Out of ten ... Structure of choline acetyltransferase binding sites Crystal structure of choline ion bound in choline acetyltransferase. Side ... Choline is bound in the active site of ChAT by non-covalent interactions between the positively charged amine of choline and ... In humans, the choline acetyltransferase enzyme is encoded by the CHAT gene. Choline acetyltransferase was first described by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline_acetyltransferase
Plant nutritionPlant nutrition
Researchers found that partial deficiencies of K or P did not change the fatty acid composition of phosphatidyl choline in ... Copper deficiency can be responsible for promoting an iron deficiency. It helps in the electron transport of plant. As with ... Symptoms of deficiency include yellowing of leaves and stunted growth. The effect of a nutrient deficiency can vary from a ... Most deficiencies are multiple and moderate. However, while a deficiency is seldom that of a single nutrient, nitrogen is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_nutrition
XerodermaXeroderma
... can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, vitamin D, zinc, systemic illness, severe sunburn, or some medication. ... Xeroderma can be caused by choline inhibitors. Detergents such as washing powder and dishwashing liquid can cause xeroderma. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeroderma
AcetylcholineAcetylcholine
... which causes dysfunction of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase. This inhibition may lead to acetylcholine deficiency, and can ... Following the evolution of choline transporters, the abundance of intracellular choline paved the way for choline to become ... Hunt R, Taveau M (1906). "On the physiological action of certain choline derivatives and new methods for detecting choline". ... Acetylcholine is synthesized in certain neurons by the enzyme choline acetyltransferase from the compounds choline and acetyl- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholine
CHKB (gene)CHKB (gene)
Choline kinase beta (CK), also known as Ethanolamine kinase (EK), Choline kinase-like protein , choline/ethanolamine kinase ... Mutations in CHKB have been found to result in mitochondrial deficiencies and associated disorders. Knockdown of the gene has ... The choline kinase-like protein encoded by CHKB belongs to the choline/ethanolamine kinase family; however, its exact function ... "Entrez Gene: CHKB choline kinase beta". This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. "CHKB ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHKB_(gene)
DimethylglycineDimethylglycine
It is also a byproduct of the metabolism of choline. When DMG was first discovered, it was referred to as Vitamin B16, but, ... unlike true B vitamins, deficiency of DMG in the diet does not lead to any ill-effects and it is synthesized by the human body ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethylglycine
ETFAETFA
"Transient multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency in a newborn female caused by maternal riboflavin deficiency". Molecular ... The flavoenzymes that transfer electrons to ETF are involved in fatty acid beta oxidation, amino acid catabolism, choline ... Defects in either of the ETF subunits or ETFDH cause multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (OMIM # 231680), earlier called ... "OMIM Entry - # 231680 - MULTIPLE ACYL-CoA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; MADD". www.omim.org. Toogood HS, Leys D, Scrutton NS ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETFA
ETFBETFB
"Transient multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency in a newborn female caused by maternal riboflavin deficiency". Molecular ... The flavoenzymes that transfer electrons to ETF are involved in fatty acid beta oxidation, amino acid catabolism, choline ... Defects in either of the ETF subunits or ETFDH cause multiple acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (OMIM # 231680), earlier called ... "OMIM Entry - # 231680 - MULTIPLE ACYL-CoA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY; MADD". www.omim.org. Toogood HS, Leys D, Scrutton NS ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETFB
ETFDHETFDH
... and choline metabolism. It is characterized by multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies resulting in large excretion not ... Deficiency in electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase have been demonstrated in some patients with type II glutaric ... Wen B, Li D, Li W, Zhao Y, Yan C (June 2015). "Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency as decreased acyl-carnitine profile ... Suberic acid, an accumulated intermediate metabolite in dehydrogenase deficiency, can significantly impair neurite outgrowth in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETFDH
Docosahexaenoic acidDocosahexaenoic acid
While there is little evidence of adverse health or cognitive effects due to DHA deficiency in adult vegetarians or vegans, ... DHA modulates the carrier-mediated transport of choline, glycine, and taurine, the function of delayed rectifier potassium ... and DHA deficiency is associated with cognitive decline. DHA levels are reduced in the brain tissue of severely depressed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docosahexaenoic_acid
Nutritional neuroscienceNutritional neuroscience
Furthermore, choline can reduce some of the deleterious effects of folate deficiency on neurogenesis. While choline during ... In such instances of deficiency, choline supplements or (if able) dietary changes may be beneficial. Good sources of choline ... People who consume a large quantity of alcohol may be at an increased risk for choline deficiency. Sex and age also plays a ... A deficiency in folate may produce anemia similar to the anemia resulting from B12 deficiency. There is risk that folic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutritional_neuroscience
Food desertFood desert
Vegetables are good sources of fiber; potassium; folate; iron; manganese; choline; and vitamins A, C, K, E, B6 and many more. ... The lack of access to fruits and vegetables often results in vitamin deficiencies, which eventually causes health problems for ... insurance coverage deficiencies, and a higher rate of traffic fatalities and accidents. A 2009 study showed that of the people ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_desert
David ColquhounDavid Colquhoun
2008) found that partial agonists were partial, not, as had been supposed since 1957, because of a deficiency in the open ... Castillo, J. D.; Katz, B. (1957). "Interaction at End-Plate Receptors between Different Choline Derivatives". Proceedings of ... reaction itself, but because of a deficiency at an earlier stage, a reluctance to move from the resting conformation to the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Colquhoun
Sec14Sec14
A conditional mutant with non-functional Sec14p presents with Berkeley bodies and deficiencies in protein secretion. Sec14p ... which convert PtdCho to phosphatidic acid and choline or PtdCho to glycerophosphocholine, respectively. Sec14p and its homologs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sec14
DiazepamDiazepam
Miller JA, Richter JA (January 1985). "Effects of anticonvulsants in vivo on high affinity choline uptake in vitro in mouse ... Severe renal deficiencies (for example, patients on dialysis) Liver disorders Severe sleep apnea Severe depression, ... This has been found by measuring sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake in mouse brain cells in vitro, after ... Ataxia Severe hypoventilation Acute narrow-angle glaucoma Severe hepatic deficiencies (hepatitis and liver cirrhosis decrease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazepam
Suxamethonium chlorideSuxamethonium chloride
It can also be viewed as a central moiety of succinic acid with two choline moieties, one on each end. Suxamethonium was first ... see Pseudocholinesterase deficiency). Such genes will result in a longer duration of action of the drug, ranging from 20 ... Choline esters, Lethal injection components, Muscle relaxants, Neuromuscular blockers, Nicotinic agonists, Quaternary ammonium ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suxamethonium_chloride
SarcosineSarcosine
... is an intermediate in the metabolism of choline to glycine. Sarcosine, like the related compounds dimethylglycine ( ... N-dimethylglycine and N-methylglycine levels in patients with cobalamin and folate deficiency and related inborn errors of ... DMG) and trimethylglycine (TMG), is formed via the metabolism of nutrients such as choline and methionine, which both contain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcosine
WheatWheat
... a glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase gene) to produce a novel male sterility trait, by Li et al. 2020 Blumeria graminis f. ... is commonly used to compensate for this deficiency, since the limitation of a single essential amino acid causes the others to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat
CholinesteraseCholinesterase
... choline esterase I, RBC cholinesterase, or erythrocyte cholinesterase, true cholinesterase, choline esterase I, or (most ... Pseudocholinesterase deficiency may also affect local anaesthetic selection in dental procedures. The enzyme plays an important ... catalyses the hydrolysis of choline-based esters: an acylcholine + H2O = choline + a carboxylate Several of these serve as ... An absence or mutation of the BCHE enzyme leads to a medical condition known as pseudocholinesterase deficiency. This is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinesterase
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
Genetic deficiencies of the FMO3 enzyme cause primary trimethylaminuria, also known as "fish odor syndrome". FMO3 is also ... derived from gut flora metabolism of choline, to TMAO. Further, we show that FMO3 exhibits 10-fold higher specific activity ... FMO3 deficiency results in trimethylaminuria or the fish-like odour syndrome ... isozyme FMO3 regulates the conversion of N,N,N ... FMO3 Deficiency) - NCBI bookshelf GeneReviews entry (Use dmy dates from October 2016, Genes on human chromosome 1, Amphetamine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavin-containing_monooxygenase_3
HypophosphatasiaHypophosphatasia
Vitamin B6 deficiency in the brain impairs synthesis of neurotransmitters, which can cause seizures. In some cases, a build-up ... Alkaline phosphatase Choline Rogers K, Chauhan Y (2013-09-30). "Hypophosphatasia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-08- ... Tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) deficiency in osteoblasts and chondrocytes impairs bone mineralization, ... Hypophosphatasia (/ˌhaɪpoʊˈfɒsfeɪtˌeɪʒə/; also called deficiency of alkaline phosphatase, phosphoethanolaminuria, or Rathbun's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypophosphatasia
Biology of bipolar disorderBiology of bipolar disorder
One review of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies reported increased choline in the basal ganglia, and cingulate as well as ... as well as traumatic brain injury and vitamin B12 deficiency. The main loci of neuroimaging and neuropathological findings in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_of_bipolar_disorder
PlasmalogenPlasmalogen
2-acyl-sn-glycerol that can be modified by choline phosphotransferase and CDP choline. Peroxisome biogenesis disorders are ... In addition, genetic mutations in the GNPAT or AGPS genes can result in plasmalogen deficiencies, which lead to the development ... In human heart tissue, nearly 30-40% of choline glycerophospholipids are plasmalogens. Even more striking is the fact that 32% ... As there is no plasmenylcholine desaturase choline plasmalogens can be formed only after hydrolysis of ethanolamine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmalogen
Vitamin B6Vitamin B6
PLP binding protein deficiency, hyperprolinaemia type II and hypophosphatasia) can trigger vitamin B6 deficiency-dependent ... and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 150-195. doi:10.17226/6015. ISBN 978-0-309-06554-2. LCCN ... A deficiency of vitamin B6 alone is relatively uncommon and often occurs in association with other vitamins of the B complex. ... Vitamin B6 deficiency leads to the increased gene expression of albumin mRNA. Also, PLP influences expression of glycoprotein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B6
RiboflavinRiboflavin
... and riboflavin transporter deficiency. Riboflavin deficiency is usually found together with other nutrient deficiencies, ... and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 87-122. ISBN 978-0-309-06554-2. Archived from the original on 17 ... Riboflavin deficiency is rare and is usually accompanied by deficiencies of other vitamins and nutrients. It may be prevented ... Dietary deficiency of riboflavin can decrease the production of NAD and NADP, thereby promoting niacin deficiency. Conversion ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riboflavin
VegetarianismVegetarianism
Choline is a nutrient that helps transfer signals between nerve cells and is involved in liver function. It is highest in dairy ... Studies have shown that a vegetarian diet may increase the risk of calcium deficiency and low bone mineral density. A 2019 ... A strict vegan diet avoiding consumption of all animal products risks vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to ... iron deficiency anaemia is rare no matter the diet. Vitamin B12 is not generally present in plants but is naturally found in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism
TransferaseTransferase
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (also known as CPT-II deficiency) leads to an excess long chain fatty acids, as ... ChAT functions to transfer an acetyl group from acetyl co-enzyme A to choline in the synapses of nerve cells and exists in two ... Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase deficiency (or SCOT deficiency) leads to a buildup of ketones.Ketones are created upon ... "SCOT deficiency". NIH. Retrieved 22 November 2013. "Succinyl-CoA 3-Oxoacid Transferase Deficiency" (PDF). Climb National ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferase
Vitamin B3Vitamin B3
For this reason, people who consume corn as tortillas or hominy are at less risk of niacin deficiency. For treating deficiency ... and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 123-149. ISBN 9780309065542. Retrieved 29 August 2018. "Niacin ... changes to genome expression directly due to the niacin deficiency. Niacin deficiency is rarely seen in developed countries, ... Because deficiencies of other B-vitamins may be present, the WHO recommends a multi-vitamin in addition to the niacinamide. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B3
ThiamineThiamine
It has also been suggested that a deficiency hinders brain development in infants and may be a cause of sudden infant death ... and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 58-86. ISBN 978-0-309-06554-2. Archived from the original on 16 ... In Western countries, chronic alcoholism is a risk factor for deficiency. Also at risk are older adults, persons with HIV/AIDS ... In lactating women, thiamine is delivered in breast milk even if it results in thiamine deficiency in the mother. Thiamine is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamine
Scorzonera hispanicaScorzonera hispanica
... choline, laevulin, as well as minerals such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, and vitamins A, B1, E and C. It ... mineral deficiencies and growth substrates". Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science. 20 (5): 1195-1201. Lieberei, Reinhard; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorzonera_hispanica
DipalmitoylphosphatidylcholineDipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
CDP-choline). The transformation of CDP-choline to phosphatidylcholine is effected by choline phosphate cytidyltransferase. ... However, there is a genetic condition that is related to DPPC which causes a deficiency in the production of ABCA1 protein. ... The choline radical constitutes the polar hydrophilic head; it is oriented towards and extends into the alveolar liquid. The ... Under certain conditions the enzymes choline kinase, glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphatase may ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
Glutaric aciduria type 1Glutaric aciduria type 1
Choline increases carnitine uptake and retention. Choline supplements are inexpensive, are safe (probably even in children ... This enzyme deficiency allows glutaric acid, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid and to a lesser extent glutaconic acid to build up to ... It is thus important to investigate all cases of macrocephaly of unknown origins for GCDH deficiency, given the importance of ... So-called "orphan diseases", such as GA1, can be adopted into wider groups of diseases (such as carnitine deficiency diseases, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutaric_aciduria_type_1
Copper toxicityCopper toxicity
This disease, if untreated, can lead to brain and liver damage, and bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate is under investigation as a ... Individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency may be at increased risk of hematologic effects of copper. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_toxicity
Phospho-EnergonPhospho-Energon
The drug was also used against blood deficiency and disturbances in the neural system. Moreover, the advertisement of Pharmacia ... Choline; Copper sulphate; Licorice; Nicotinamide; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine ""Vad är egentligen ett läkemedel?" - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospho-Energon
Pantothenic acidPantothenic acid
... deficiency in humans is very rare and has not been thoroughly studied. In the few cases where deficiency has ... and Choline. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. pp. 357-373. ISBN 978-0-309-06554-2. Retrieved 29 August 2017. ... Symptoms of deficiency are similar to other vitamin B deficiencies. There is impaired energy production, due to low CoA levels ... Human deficiency is very rare. As a dietary supplement or animal feed ingredient, the form commonly used is calcium ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantothenic_acid
choline deficiencycholine deficiency
Posts about choline deficiency written by Chris P ... Tag Archives: choline deficiency. Be keen on choline. Posted on ... choline deficiency, choline requirements, choline sources, dementia, egg yolk, eggs, fatty liver disease, how much choline do ... Lack of choline, on the other hand, doesnt necessarily lead to any chronic, debilitating deficiency disease, except for non- ... So your genes can determine whether or not you show symptoms of choline deficiency. This is one very complex nutrient which is ...
https://acrotrekker.wordpress.com/tag/choline-deficiency/
Plant-Based Food Trend May Lead to Choline DeficienciesPlant-Based Food Trend May Lead to Choline Deficiencies
... humans may be missing out on essential nutrients like choline. ... Plant-Based Food Trend May Lead to Choline Deficiencies. While ... What is Cholines Role in Health?. One reason for a lack of awareness about choline is that it is neither a vitamin nor a ... Deficiencies are seldom recorded because plasma choline levels typically do not decline below 50%. The bodys endogenous ... How Much Choline Should Your Patients Consume?. Choline is an essential dietary nutrient and the amount produced by the liver ...
https://todayspractitioner.com/metabolic-syndrome/plant-based-food-trend-may-lead-to-choline-deficiencies/
IMSEAR at SEARO: Studies on pyridine nucleotide metabolism. II. The effect of protein and choline deficiency on some DPN...
The effect of protein and choline deficiency on some DPN requiring oxidative enzymes in liver. Indian Journal of Medical ... The effect of protein and choline deficiency on some DPN requiring oxidative enzymes in liver. ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/16124
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Common Genetic Variants Alter Metabolism and Influence Dietary Choline RequirementsNutrients | Free Full-Text | Common Genetic Variants Alter Metabolism and Influence Dietary Choline Requirements
Adequate Intake (AI) recommendations for dietary choline (put forth by the National Academies of Medicine to aid individuals ... This review summarizes the genetic factors that influence choline requirements and metabolism in conditions of nutrient ... Overall, consistent and strong associative evidence demonstrates that common genetic variants in choline and folate pathway ... enzymes impact the metabolic handling of choline and the risk of nutrient inadequacy across varied dietary contexts. The ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/9/8/837
An introduction to the nutrition and metabolism of cholineAn introduction to the nutrition and metabolism of choline
Choline is a ubiquitous water soluble nutrient, often associated with the B vitamins; however, not yet officially defined as a ... Choline / physiology * Choline Deficiency / diet therapy * Choline Deficiency / metabolism* * Choline Deficiency / ... and physiological functions of choline and choline derivatives in humans. The association of choline and choline derivatives in ... An introduction to the nutrition and metabolism of choline Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2012 Jun;12(2):100-13. doi: 10.2174/ ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22483274/?dopt=Abstract
7 Effective Habits of a Gluten Free Warrior - Beyond Going Gluten Free - Gluten Free Society7 Effective Habits of a Gluten Free Warrior - Beyond Going Gluten Free - Gluten Free Society
Diseases Linked to Choline Deficiency. By Peter Osborne , March 30, 2022. Think you might be gluten sensitive? Take the... ...
https://www.glutenfreesociety.org/video-gfs/7-effective-habits-of-a-gluten-free-warrior-beyond-going-gluten-free/
Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders | Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &...Gut microbiota and human NAFLD: disentangling microbial signatures from metabolic disorders | Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &...
Association between composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiome and development of fatty liver with choline deficiency ... Higher dietary choline intake is associated with lower risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver in normal-weight Chinese women. J. Nutr ... Raubenheimer, P. J., Nyirenda, M. J. & Walker, B. R. A choline-deficient diet exacerbates fatty liver but attenuates insulin ... Associations of gut-flora-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine and choline with non-alcoholic fatty liver ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41575-020-0269-9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=458fa2af-d53d-4e00-ae5c-f7844fbb0821
Choline? - Vegan Recipes - Vegan Bodybuilding & FitnessCholine? - Vegan Recipes - Vegan Bodybuilding & Fitness
Ive been paying close attention to my nutrition levels this week anx the only thing I have been short on is Choline. From what ... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choline_deficiency. plant foods Choline (mg) A tablespoon (8 g) soy lecithin 250 ... Ive been paying close attention to my nutrition levels this week anx the only thing I have been short on is Choline. From what ... Soy lecithin is the easiest and the most available way of getting your choline level up. ...
https://www.veganbodybuilding.com/forums/topic/18764-choline/?tab=comments
Black Currant | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural MedicineBlack Currant | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural Medicine
... black currant attenuate hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and steatohepatitis in mice with methionine and choline deficiency. ... Blackcurrant anthocyanins has the potential to be developed to treat neurological conditions with IGF-1 deficiency.Jun 01, 2018 ...
https://greenmedinfo.com/substance/black-currant
Pseudocholinesterase deficiency: MedlinePlus GeneticsPseudocholinesterase deficiency: MedlinePlus Genetics
... called choline esters. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this condition. ... Pseudocholinesterase deficiency is a condition that results in increased sensitivity to certain muscle relaxant drugs used ... Pseudocholinesterase deficiency can be caused by mutations in the BCHE gene. This gene provides instructions for making the ... In some cases, carriers of BCHE gene mutations take longer than usual to clear choline ester drugs from the body, but not as ...
https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/pseudocholinesterase-deficiency/
Table of Contents - December 14, 2016, 36 (50) | Journal of NeuroscienceTable of Contents - December 14, 2016, 36 (50) | Journal of Neuroscience
Deficiency of CPEB2-Confined Choline Acetyltransferase Expression in the Dorsal Motor Nucleus of Vagus Causes Hyperactivated ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/36/50
Order Your Home DNA Test Kit | CRI Geneticsâ„¢Order Your Home DNA Test Kit | CRI Geneticsâ„¢
Choline Deficiency. Are you getting enough of this essential nutrient? Folic Acid Deficiency Discover ways to help promote this ... Magnesium Deficiency One of the essentials for your heart, bones, nerves, and muscles. ... we also provide a variety of genetic reports that can inform you of potential deficiencies and absorption predispositions, as ... we also provide a variety of genetic reports that can inform you of potential deficiencies and absorption predispositions, as ...
https://www.crigenetics.com/nutrition/order
Alcoholic Hepatitis Medication: CorticosteroidsAlcoholic Hepatitis Medication: Corticosteroids
... has been studied because of the empiric observation that choline deficiency in rats (which impairs endogenous lecithin ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/170539-67898/when-are-medications-indicated-for-the-treatment-of-alcoholic-hepatitis
The Best Weight Loss Supplements for Men in 2022The Best Weight Loss Supplements for Men in 2022
Choline: Fat oxidation synergy with carnitine. Cholines effects on avoiding carnitine deficiency are not well known. We often ... A deficiency in L-tyrosine and iodine can have a significant impact on someones energy levels. For this reason, it is ... The compounds carnitine, choline, caffeine, taurine, and tyrosine have long been known to promote weight loss, but are often ... The one ingredient we would have liked to see Animal dose a touch higher is choline due to the success of studies using high ...
https://liquid-nutrition-vitamins.com/the-best-weight-loss-supplements-for-men-in-2023/
20 Things You Didnt Know About Paleo20 Things You Didn't Know About Paleo
Its time to stop blaming the victim and admit the real cause-fructose overload and choline deficiency. Just because you and ...
https://chriskresser.com/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-paleo/comment-page-2/
Is Vitamin D Safe for Fertility, Pregnancy & Breastfeeding? - SelfDecode SupplementsIs Vitamin D Safe for Fertility, Pregnancy & Breastfeeding? - SelfDecode Supplements
Deficiency during pregnancy may affect both the mother and the baby.. Studies propose deficiency could lead to bone loss and ... Who is at Risk of Deficiency?. According to some estimates, vitamin D deficiency was high in a diverse group of women during ... Some doctors may screen pregnant women at risk of deficiency. *Deficiency during pregnancy may impair bone health in both the ... Limited evidence suggests deficiency may also increase the risk of type 1 diabetes, asthma, and schizophrenia in newborns, ...
https://supplements.selfdecode.com/blog/vitamin-d-fertility-pregnancy/
Your Gut, Neurotransmitters, and Hormones - Dr. Jack KruseYour Gut, Neurotransmitters, and Hormones - Dr. Jack Kruse
Is choline supplementation recommended for the various Ach deficiency issues? I know its also supposed to be very good for ... The Acetyl CoA comes from metabolic breakdown products of glucose and fructose and the choline comes from phosphatidyl choline ... Ach is made from dietary choline or recycled choline and acetyl groups from the Krebs cycle. All macronutrients are required to ... Choline is found in high concentrations of both egg yolk and offal. It is in the B vitamin family. B5 is a co factor in its ...
https://jackkruse.com/your-gutneurotransmitters-and-hormones/
Arl10 (ADP-ribosylation factor like GTPase 10) - Rat Genome DatabaseArl10 (ADP-ribosylation factor like GTPase 10) - Rat Genome Database
choline multiple interactions. ISO. RGD:1551746. 6480464. [Methionine deficiency co-treated with Choline deficiency co-treated ... Methionine deficiency co-treated with Choline deficiency co-treated with Folic Acid deficiency] results in decreased ... Methionine deficiency co-treated with Choline deficiency co-treated with Folic Acid deficiency] results in decreased ... Oxygen deficiency results in increased expression of ARL10 mRNA. CTD. PMID:25596134. ...
https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=1303298
Best Natural Male Enhancement Pills Review Best Natural Ed Supplement >> DBV...
Choline Deficiency Erectile Dysfunction On the southwest side, although it seems that there is nothing wrong now, it how to ... especially those who do careers must be bigger The solution to the small size of Mingtang is to place a big choline deficiency ...
https://veranstaltungen.badminton.de/cb1Bghi-sex-pills-cvs/best-LbMFecX-natural-ed-supplement
Proper Use of a Bland Diet to Treat the Dog that has Diarrhea | PetMDProper Use of a Bland Diet to Treat the Dog that has Diarrhea | PetMD
Other deficiencies included sodium, chloride, iron, iodine, choline, copper, folic acid, vitamin A, linoleic acid, and taurine. ... Hutchinson D, Freeman LM, McCarthy R, Anastasio J, Shaw SP, Sutherland-Smith J. Seizures and severe nutrient deficiencies in a ...
https://www.petmd.com/blogs/nutritionnuggets/jcoates/2013/april/properly-using-a-bland-diet-to-treat-dog-with-diarrhea-30106
Wpływ mikrobioty jelitowej na zaburzenia metaboliczne i otyłość - punkt widzenia internisty i dietetyka | Ostrowska |...Wpływ mikrobioty jelitowej na zaburzenia metaboliczne i otyłość - punkt widzenia internisty i dietetyka | Ostrowska |...
Choline deficiency: a cause of hepatic steatosis during parenteral nutrition that can be reversed with intravenous choline ... Association between composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiome and development of fatty liver with choline deficiency ...
https://journals.viamedica.pl/gastroenterologia_kliniczna/article/view/49870
Neurologic Impairment in Children Associated with Maternal Dietary Deficiency of Cobalamin --- Georgia, 2001Neurologic Impairment in Children Associated with Maternal Dietary Deficiency of Cobalamin --- Georgia, 2001
... and Choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998:306--56. ... The most common cause of cobalamin deficiency in infants and young children is maternal dietary deficiency (2), which generally ... At age 16 months, the child was seen in a genetics clinic to eliminate possible genetic causes of her neurologic deficiency. At ... Potential cobalamin deficiency should be included in the differential diagnosis when assessing young children of vegetarian ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5204a1.htm
Never Heard of Choline? Heres What Youre Missing - Alkaline for LifeNever Heard of Choline? Here's What You're Missing - Alkaline for Life
One nutrient that has flown under the radar for far too long is choline. Never heard of choline? Dont worry, youre not alone ... Choline and heart health. Choline is also very important for our hearts:. *Choline deficiency leads to high homocysteine levels ... Choline and liver health. The liver is yet another vital organ that can be drastically affected by a choline deficiency:. * ... Because choline is mostly found in meat, dairy, and eggs, vegetarians and vegans are at higher risk of choline deficiency. ...
https://alkalineforlife.com/blogs/news/never-heard-of-choline
Bacterial Inhibition of Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis Triggers Apoptosis in the Brain | Journal of Experimental Medicine |...Bacterial Inhibition of Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis Triggers Apoptosis in the Brain | Journal of Experimental Medicine |...
Opposing regulation of choline deficiency-induced apoptosis by p53 and nuclear factor kappaB. J. Biol. Chem. ... The CDP-choline pathway is catalyzed by choline kinase (CK), CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), and CDP-choline:1,2 ... The CDP-choline pathway is catalyzed by choline kinase (CK), CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT), and CDP-choline:1,2 ... Opposing regulation of choline deficiency-induced apoptosis by p53 and nuclear factor kappaB. J. Biol. Chem. ...
https://rupress.org/jem/article/200/1/99/40084/Bacterial-Inhibition-of-Phosphatidylcholine
Choline L-Bitartrate - Pure Bulk Supplements - PureBulk, Inc.Choline L-Bitartrate - Pure Bulk Supplements - PureBulk, Inc.
Choline L-Bitartrate is important in functioning in a structural integrity and signaling roles for cell membranes. ... and peanuts are all excellent natural sources of choline. Vegans are at an increased risk of developing a choline deficiency, ... Potential Benefits of Choline Bitartrate. Choline and Cell Structure. Choline and Inositol. Inositol is another B vitamin-like ... Choline bitartrate molecules provide 40% choline by weight.. Bioavailability, Mixing, and Solubility of Choline Bitartrate. ...
https://purebulk.com/products/choline-l-bitartrate
How Google+ just changed my life - Armed and Dangerous
... a look at Chris Masterjohns argument that the real problem is not so much an excess of fructose but a deficiency of choline ( ... At this point, it was time to ask myself why I had a thiamine deficiency. After ruling out most of the usual suspects, I was ... I did some research, found out that a thiamine deficiency could cause this problem, took some thiamine and it cleared up right ... you will either have to eat more calories or get a deficiency disease. ...
http://esr.ibiblio.org/?p=3614&replytocom=319665
Choline Supplement for Pregnancy | Choline Benefits During Pregnancy | Blog and Education CenterCholine Supplement for Pregnancy | Choline Benefits During Pregnancy | Blog and Education Center
Choline Deficiency Is Widespread. Many people are not getting enough choline in the diet. Pregnant women and women in their ... Both of these organizations have recognized that choline deficiency during the first 1,000 days after birth may lead to ... New Guidelines Recommend Choline for Pregnancy and Beyond. For many years, choline slipped under the nutritional radar. It ... Choline Benefits During Pregnancy and Throughout Life. Choline certainly has earned its new reputation as an essential nutrient ...
https://www.vitalnutrients.co/blogs/education/choline-supplement-for-pregnancy-choline-benefits-during-pregnancy
Choline for Dogs - Pet Friendly HouseCholine for Dogs - Pet Friendly House
Is there such a thing as choline deficiency? Find out all the answers in this article! ... What does choline do for dogs? What benefits does it offer pets? ... Choline Deficiency and Overdose. Even though choline deficiency ... and whether or not some pets can suffer from choline deficiency.. What Can Choline Do for Dogs?. This nutrient influences your ... Choline and Other Drugs. Another reason to refrain from giving your dog choline supplements is that its actually known to ...
https://www.petfriendlyhouse.com/choline-for-dogs/
Source of cholineAcetylcholineBitartrateVitamin D deficienIntakes of cholineLiverSources of cholineAmounts of cholineImportance of cholineEggsBetaineMetabolicNutrientsIntakeBody'sMetabolismLevels of cholineFound that cholineBenefits of cholineDeficient in cholineFolicEnough cholineCell membranesLess cholineRequires cholineThiamineVegansChlorideInadequateMethionineNeurologicSupplementationSeleniumPregnancyConsumeFolate deficiencyMalnutritionSupplementsCobalamin deficiencyNutrient deficienciesPseudocholinesterase deficiencyEssentialDementiaDocosahexaenoic acidPregnant womenMethyl1300 mgPhosphotransferaseGenesCardiovascularFetal developmentNutritionalMicronutrientGeneticSymptomsHealthCitrateRegulates
Source of choline7
  • Fatty organ meat is the best source of choline, and eggs(the yolk) to a lesser extent, though it can also be found in plant foods like nuts, whole grains and green vegetables, but in smaller amounts. (wordpress.com)
  • The dietary trend of eating only egg whites has not helped, as egg yolks are a primary source of choline. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • The body's endogenous synthesis and hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids (a source of choline) work diligently to help keep plasma choline levels at a minimum level. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • Egg yolks are a great source of choline (about 110mg per egg and about 90% of that from the yolk). (medicinewithheart.com)
  • Betaine is a choline derivative and often times those who react to choline can take betaine and the body will use it as a source of choline. (wordpress.com)
  • Eggs are a good source of choline, which plays an important role in the development of cell membranes and neurotransmitters. (factsaboutfood.com)
  • Known for their protein content and ease of preparation, eggs are also a source of choline. (travelanimaldr.com)
Acetylcholine15
  • Choline is necessary for nerve-signaling, synthesizing cell membranes, and is a precursor of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. (wordpress.com)
  • Choline is also a precursor molecule for making acetylcholine , an important neurotransmitter in the brain that is important for memory and muscle control. (wordpress.com)
  • What about choline's effect on dementia, since choline is a precursor for acetylcholine, which is important for brain health and memory production? (wordpress.com)
  • it is also important in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and the oxidized form of choline, glycine betaine, serves as an important methyl donor in the methionine cycle. (nih.gov)
  • Choline is necessary to produce the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, which impacts memory, mood, muscle control, and numerous other brain and nervous system processes. (alkalineforlife.com)
  • Choline helps to form acetylcholine, which activates skeletal muscle. (alkalineforlife.com)
  • The body requires choline to synthesize the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and several phospholipids. (purebulk.com)
  • Choline also is important for healthy brain function in the elderly thanks to its role in making the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is involved in memory, mood, muscle function, and other brain and nervous system activities. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • Choline has roles in human processes including being solely responsible for activating the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine that regulates the nervous system to govern muscle control. (fitnessedge.net)
  • Studies have researched the release of acetylcholine during workouts with and without taking choline beforehand. (fitnessedge.net)
  • When taking choline before exercise to enable replacement of acetylcholine levels during the workout, athletes and experts have found that the levels stay consistent throughout. (fitnessedge.net)
  • Choline is found within acetylcholine and dopamine, both of which are neurotransmitters which send signals from nerve cells to the brain. (bestiepaws.com)
  • Choline also produces acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter needed for learning and memory. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • Your body uses choline to make acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that regulates your mood and memory. (longevity.technology)
  • Because acetylcholine specifically plays a role in memory and intelligence, consuming adequate amounts of choline is essential for brain function. (travelanimaldr.com)
Bitartrate6
  • At Alkaline for Life, we always recommend pure choline citrate instead of choline bitartrate, which can contain irritating antigens, such as cornstarch. (alkalineforlife.com)
  • What is Choline Bitartrate? (purebulk.com)
  • Choline bitartrate is a water-soluble nutrient that shares many roles and properties of B vitamins, particularly folic acid (vitamin B9) and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) . (purebulk.com)
  • Adding bitartrate to choline lowers its hygroscopicity, meaning it is less prone to absorbing water and clumping. (purebulk.com)
  • 3) This is why a choline supplement in pregnancy such as choline bitartrate can support a healthy brain. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • Vital Nutrients offers a 550 mg Choline Bitartrate Supplement in vegetarian capsules, which is a great option for people in search of a choline supplement to boost their dietary intake. (vitalnutrients.co)
Vitamin D deficien5
  • According to some estimates, vitamin D deficiency was high in a diverse group of women during pregnancy, affecting 97% of African Americans, 81% of Hispanics, and 67% of Caucasians. (selfdecode.com)
  • Mothers with dark skin or wearing concealing clothes are at great risk of vitamin D deficiency [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (selfdecode.com)
  • If pregnant women are deficient during pregnancy, their children could be at higher risk for neonatal hypocalcaemia (not enough calcium in the blood) or rickets, a bone deficiency due to vitamin D deficiency ( 2 ). (healthyhints.com)
  • Why is Vitamin D Deficiency So Common? (healthyhints.com)
  • Vitamin D deficiency is surprisingly common, even in sunny parts of the world where the population could easily be getting enough from sunlight alone. (healthyhints.com)
Intakes of choline3
  • In 1998, the US Institute of Medicine recommended minimum daily intakes of choline, which range from 425 mg/day for women to 550 mg/day for men, and 450 mg/day and 550 mg/day for pregnant and breastfeeding women, respectively, because of the critical role the nutrient has in fetal development. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • 3,6) For example, seven-year-old children of mothers who had the highest choline intakes during the second trimester of pregnancy had better visual memory compared to the children of mothers with the lowest intakes of choline. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • A large Chinese study involving 56,195 older adults found that women with the highest intakes of choline (412 mg a day) reduced their risk of NAFLD by almost one-third when compared to women who ingested 179 mg a day. (naturalhealth365.com)
Liver27
  • Lack of choline, on the other hand, doesn't necessarily lead to any chronic, debilitating deficiency disease, except for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease , in many, but not all people who get inadequate choline. (wordpress.com)
  • Choline is an essential dietary nutrient and the amount produced by the liver is not enough to meet the requirements of the human body. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • The effect of protein and choline deficiency on some DPN requiring oxidative enzymes in liver. (who.int)
  • While our livers can produce choline, the liver cannot make enough for all the processes in the body. (alkalineforlife.com)
  • Choline is the active compound found in lecithin , a compound that inhibits fat buildup in the liver in animal studies. (purebulk.com)
  • Choline can also influence digestion through the liver since it is said to stimulate the production of gallbladder juices. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • If your pup has a history of digestive upsets or has been diagnosed with a liver pathology of any kind, you should never give them choline supplements without asking your vet. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • When choline combines forces with other effective lipotropics and B-vitamins, it creates a charge in the body that obliterates fat stores by ensuring that they're being sent to the metabolic furnace to increase energy levels, cleanse the liver of bile, and most excitingly, reduce fat tissue all over the body. (fitnessedge.net)
  • Choline also protects the liver from harmful toxins, plays an important role in metabolism and is vital to brain health. (bestiepaws.com)
  • Some MTHFR mutants end up on megadoses of methylfolate and/or folinic acid, but the need for this would go down if they remembered to take phosphatydl choline, or to increase their consumption of foods like liver. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • While rare, a deficiency in choline often appears as an increase in liver enzymes and can lead to liver disease, heart disease, and even neurological disorders. (myfooddata.com)
  • A deficiency in choline may cause liver fat and other health problems. (marysschoolhouse.org)
  • While choline is naturally produced in the liver, there's a "catch. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • The liver doesn't produce enough to meet the body's needs - so some choline must come from the diet. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • Choline is needed to transport fats from the liver, so it's not surprising that deficiencies are closely linked with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (naturalhealth365.com)
  • Choline is known as a lipotropic agent because it has been shown to promote the transport of excess fat from the liver under certain conditions in laboratory animals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Combined deficiency of choline (included in the B vitamin complex) and all other methyl group donors causes liver cirrhosis in some animals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Choline , betaine , and methionine are involved in methyl group metabolism, which is essential for normal liver function. (nhc.com)
  • And deficiencies in choline and inositol may result in excess liver accumulation of fat. (nhc.com)
  • Originally choline was discovered as an important nutrient because mice with a choline-deficient feed developed fatty liver. (medicinewithheart.com)
  • Another group of researchers found that choline reversed fatty liver in Type 1 Diabetic dogs.It may be advised to get between 500mg - 2g choline per day for people with fatty liver. (medicinewithheart.com)
  • Liver and lecithin are also great sources of choline. (medicinewithheart.com)
  • Tissues from the liver to the brain had altered epigenetic patterns in mice with high levels of choline-eating microbes. (newswise.com)
  • Choline, a water-soluble vitamin-like nutrient is recognized for its role in methylation, liver detoxification, bile production, and neuro-hormonal support. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • Choline deficiency can cause liver failure. (wordpress.com)
  • Another way choline helps the liver, it is a methyl donor. (wordpress.com)
  • The choline from this beautiful juice detoxifies not only the liver but also the entire system of excessive alcohol abuse, provided consumption is ceased. (nouveauraw.com)
Sources of choline1
  • Because meat, eggs, fish, and dairy are rich sources of choline, vegans and vegetarians are often not getting enough. (vitalnutrients.co)
Amounts of choline2
  • Phosphatidylcholine supplementation of pregnant women eating diets containing moderate amounts of choline did not enhance their infants' brain function. (wordpress.com)
  • In 2017, the American Medical Association published advice stating that prenatal vitamin supplements should contain "evidenced-based" amounts of choline. (todayspractitioner.com)
Importance of choline3
  • 1) And it wasn't until 2017 that the American Medical Association emphasized the importance of choline for pregnancy and recommended prenatal vitamins with choline. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • Don't forget the importance of choline to conserve folate stores. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • The authors stressed the importance of choline to cognitive development, noting that it is essential in the perinatal stage for optimal development and for preventing neural tube defects in newborns. (naturalhealth365.com)
Eggs7
  • Because choline is mostly found in meat, dairy, and eggs, vegetarians and vegans are at higher risk of choline deficiency. (alkalineforlife.com)
  • Choline is inextricably linked to eggs thanks to its lecithin origins. (purebulk.com)
  • Choline found in eggs is concentrated in the yolks. (myfooddata.com)
  • 1. Eggs - Holding choline [a part of oversized like molecules] egg yolk is part of the way answerable for general mind capacity and health. (ajnnews.com)
  • Consuming eggs regularly helps maintain a healthy brain since they include 6 percent of the daily choline requirement. (factsaboutfood.com)
  • Eggs are excellent sources of vitamins and nutrients linked to brain health, such as vitamins B6 and B12, and choline. (longevity.technology)
  • Scrambled, boiled, or fried, eggs are a rich source of brain-boosting choline to enjoy for breakfast. (travelanimaldr.com)
Betaine1
  • However, this process consumes both energy (NADPH) and glutathione, as well as dysregulating phospholipid metabolism as evidenced by altered lysophospholipid, choline and betaine levels. (converia.de)
Metabolic4
  • The metabolic systems included 36-carbon ultra long-chain fatty acids, multiple choline-related systems including phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, as well as vinyl ether-containing plasmalogen ethanolamines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Compared to mice without choline-hungry bacteria, the choline-starved mice had an increased susceptibility to metabolic diseases and gave birth to pups with biochemical alterations in the brain and that exhibited more anxious behaviors. (newswise.com)
  • When Romano fed the mice a high-fat diet, which induces a range of metabolic diseases in mice, the animals with choline-eating microbes added more abdominal fat, and had fattier livers, than their counterparts with microbes that couldn't eat choline. (newswise.com)
  • Nutritional nueropathies occur in two forms: an isolated deficiency (usually of a B vitamin) or a complex deficiency resulting from several concurrent metabolic disorders (usually including malabsorption). (medscape.com)
Nutrients7
  • Unlike most nutrients, choline doesn't have an RDA(recommended daily allowance). (wordpress.com)
  • It does, however have an AI(adequate intake, which is 550 milligrams per day for men and 425 for women which was set in 1998), which means experts can't agree on an RDA since the science is less clear for choline than for nutrients with RDAs, like vitamin C, calcium, vitamin A, and iron, among others. (wordpress.com)
  • A year later, the American Academy of Pediatrics called on pediatricians' step up recommendations to make sure that pregnant women and young children have access to food that provides adequate amounts of "brain-building" nutrients including choline. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • Not getting the right nutrients, such as choline, into the body is just as detrimental, perhaps even more-so, than not getting enough vegetables and fruits in the diet or not getting enough exercise in during the week. (fitnessedge.net)
  • Like with all eminent nutrients of note, the health benefits of choline produce a lengthy list. (fitnessedge.net)
  • Deficiencies in nutrients such as iron, zinc, and choline which are commonly found in milk can significantly alter the brain, as well as cognitive outcomes. (wordpress.com)
  • The amount of vitamins and minerals required by the body is far smaller than that of any of the macronutrients but a deficiency in even one of these nutrients can cause problems for the whole body. (sangsters.com)
Intake18
  • The women studied ate diets that delivered ∼360 mg choline/d in foods (∼80% of the recommended intake for pregnant women, 65% of the recommended intake for lactating women). (wordpress.com)
  • healthy food plan based on promoting environmental sustainability, but she suggests that the restricted intakes of whole milk, egg yolks and animal protein, as the report recommends, could affect choline intake. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • However, this does not mean that the medical community should ignore plasma choline levels and dietary intake. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • Yet national dietary surveys in North America, Australia, and Europe show that on average, habitual-choline intake regularly falls short of these recommendations. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • According to research in the US, approximately 90% of Americans, including most pregnant and lactating women, fall well below the adequate intake (AI) for choline. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • Adequate Intake (AI) recommendations for dietary choline (put forth by the National Academies of Medicine to aid individuals and groups in dietary assessment and planning) are grouped to account for the recognized unique needs associated with age, biological sex, and reproductive status (i.e., pregnancy or lactation). (mdpi.com)
  • About 90% of Americans are deficient in choline, meaning they are not meeting the adequate intake (AI) of 550 mg/day for men and 425 mg/day for non-pregnant or non-lactating females. (alkalineforlife.com)
  • Your mental health, energy levels, overall well-being, and weight loss is directly affected by your choline intake - or more fittingly, lack of intake. (fitnessedge.net)
  • While more research needs to be conducted, preliminary studies suggest that the health benefits of adequate choline intake include a reduced risk of dementia, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. (myfooddata.com)
  • However, in a recent article published in the medical journal Nutricion Hospitalaria , the authors reported that many people don't achieve adequate choline intake - thereby missing out on the benefits of optimal levels. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • However, while true choline deficiencies are rare, many people have a suboptimal intake of this vital compound. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • According to the National Institutes of Health, a disturbing 90 to 95 percent of pregnant women consume less choline than the adequate daily intake advised by the Institute of Medicine. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • In addition, adequate choline intake appears to benefit people at the other end of the age spectrum as well. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • Clearly, choline is closely linked with "brainpower" - evidenced by the fact that a higher intake is associated with better scores on cognitive tests. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • Men with a higher choline intake reduced their risk by a quarter). (naturalhealth365.com)
  • The takeaway seems clear: to keep this important organ in tip-top shape, adequate choline intake is a "must. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • Estimates suggest that only about 10 percent of the U.S. population, including pregnant women, meets the recommended dietary intake of choline. (newswise.com)
  • People with excessive alcohol intake and malnutrition are still at high risk of folate deficiency. (medscape.com)
Body's2
  • A lack of functional pseudocholinesterase enzyme impairs the body's ability to break down choline ester drugs efficiently, leading to abnormally prolonged drug effects. (medlineplus.gov)
  • 4) In menopause, estrogen levels drop, and estrogen increases the activity of the gene involved in the body's production of choline. (vitalnutrients.co)
Metabolism3
  • The present article represents an introduction to the nutrition, metabolism, and physiological functions of choline and choline derivatives in humans. (nih.gov)
  • Although Rey's team suspects that epigenetic regulation partly explains the negative effects of choline-eating microbiomes, the byproduct of bacterial choline metabolism, known as TMAO, is also linked to negative outcomes. (newswise.com)
  • Nutrient deficiencies resulting from inadequate maternal nutrient ingestion may be compounded by alcohol-induced altered nutrient metabolism, placental clearance, and malabsorption. (wineinformationcouncil.eu)
Levels of choline3
  • Her advice has as much credence in the United States, where only 10% of Americans get adequate levels of choline. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • In addition, studies have shown that higher levels of choline are associated with a lower risk of dementia - an excellent reason to keep choline levels "topped up. (naturalhealth365.com)
  • In one study involving close to 2,200 adults aged 70 to 74 years and published in the British Journal of Nutrition , participants with lower blood levels of choline did more poorly on cognitive tests - demonstrating slower perceptual and processing speeds and poorer general cognition and executive function - than those with higher levels. (naturalhealth365.com)
Found that choline1
  • Athletes have found that choline supplements are extremely beneficial to their fitness routines, bodybuilding, and endurance and stamina levels. (fitnessedge.net)
Benefits of choline2
  • In today's article, we're looking at the benefits of choline for dogs, its dosage, what foods it can be found in, and whether or not some pets can suffer from choline deficiency. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • So, let's look at some functions and benefits of choline - and find out why this nutrient is so essential for brain health. (naturalhealth365.com)
Deficient in choline1
  • This is unfortunate, because a lot of people, in particular pregnant women and vegetarians, may be deficient in choline. (wordpress.com)
Folic5
  • If you don't make/have adequate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, either because you're not eating enough of the precursors, you're an MTHFR mutant (sounds pretty damned cool, actually), or you're taking the wrong kind of folic acid/folate, choline can step up and perform many of the same tasks folate normally performs. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • Folate deficiency in pregnancy can result in birth defects (anencephaly and spina bifida), which underlies the strong recommendation for folic acid supplementation in women of reproductive age. (medscape.com)
  • The dosage of folic acid needed to prevent or reverse folate deficiency varies with the clinical circumstances. (medscape.com)
  • The prevalence of folate deficiency has decreased since many countries in the western hemisphere introduced a mandatory folic acid food fortification program starting in the late 1990s. (medscape.com)
  • folic deficiency may occur. (medscape.com)
Enough choline5
  • 2) It was another year after that when the American Academy of Pediatrics acknowledged choline is a "brain-building" nutrient and urged pediatricians to make sure pregnant women are getting enough choline during pregnancy and that children are also nourished with this nutrient. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • Many people are not getting enough choline in the diet. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • In these people, getting enough choline can reduce some of the negative effects of low folate. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • The consensus is that most pregnant women in the U.S. and women of reproductive age are not getting enough choline through diet alone. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • This is a good way of getting around the folate deficiency, but you have to eat enough choline because your requirements will go way up. (marksdailyapple.com)
Cell membranes2
  • Whatever the case, choline is a quaternary ammonium salt that is used to synthesize cell membranes, for energy production, and also for nerve signaling. (wordpress.com)
  • Phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) is an essential component of mammalian cell membranes and PtdCho deficiency, either due to chemicals or altered nutrition, leads to apoptosis, especially in hippocampal neurons. (rupress.org)
Less choline1
  • Choline contributes to the pool of resources that cells use to make these modifications to DNA, and with less choline available, the cell's ability to modify and regulate genes can be impaired. (newswise.com)
Requires choline1
  • 4) That's why every plant and animal cell requires choline to maintain its structure. (vitalnutrients.co)
Thiamine4
  • 7. Kidney beans -Holding thiamine, required for incorporating choline, and inositil which is accepted to enhance state of mind scatters. (ajnnews.com)
  • In this review, we discuss studies examining the collective and interactive effects of nutrition (specifically iron, selenium, vitamin A, thiamine, zinc, folate, vitamin B12, choline, and amino acids) relative to gestational alcohol consumption and its effects on fetal growth and development. (wineinformationcouncil.eu)
  • The first is nutritional deficiency, especially thiamine deficiency, as ethanol interferes with thiamine absorption in the intestine. (medscape.com)
  • Likely, the direct toxic effects of ethanol and its metabolites are involved in the pathogenesis of the pure form of alcoholic neuropathy but this can be modified by a superimposed thiamine deficiency. (medscape.com)
Vegans2
  • Vegans are at an increased risk of developing a choline deficiency, as the richest sources come from animal products. (purebulk.com)
  • NOW® Vitamin B-12 is appropriate for vegetarians/vegans (non-animal derived), who are at higher risk of developing Vitamin B-12 deficiency. (vitacost.com)
Chloride3
  • Choline Chloride in Dog Food: What Ingredients Should Not Be in Dog Food? (bestiepaws.com)
  • Choline chloride is a common supplement in dog food and it sounds like a nasty chemical, but it is actually a naturally occurring vitamin that is used often as a dietary supplement for dogs and cats. (bestiepaws.com)
  • As with any ingredient, there is the chance that a dog can be intolerant or allergic to choline chloride, but this can be determined fairly easily by a veterinarian. (bestiepaws.com)
Inadequate1
  • Deficiency is shockingly common due to factors of inadequate sun exposure and lack of vitamin D rich foods as part of a whole foods diet (more on specific foods in just a moment). (healthyhints.com)
Methionine1
  • A healthy person can make their own choline from the amino acid methionine, but many people don't produce enough. (wordpress.com)
Neurologic4
  • During 2001, neurologic impairment resulting from cobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) deficiency was diagnosed in two children in Georgia. (cdc.gov)
  • At age 16 months, the child was seen in a genetics clinic to eliminate possible genetic causes of her neurologic deficiency. (cdc.gov)
  • Testing to rule out cobalamin deficiency is very important because deficiency of folate and vitamin B12 produce overlapping neurologic manifestations, and both cause megaloblastic anemia. (medscape.com)
  • More recently, bariatric surgery has lead to increasing numbers of patients with nutritional deficiencies and consequent neurologic problems. (medscape.com)
Supplementation4
  • A recent study suggests that the push toward only plant-based diets, without professional nutritional counseling, guidance, and supplementation, may lead to choline deficiencies beyond what is already present. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • Many vets agree that choline supplementation is beneficial for many reasons and can actually improve the conditions of dogs that have diabetes. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003-2006 showed that certain groups, including women of childbearing age and non-Hispanic black women, are also at risk of folate deficiency, while some older adults are at risk of over-supplementation. (medscape.com)
  • While folate deficiency clearly predisposes to a number of health consequences, more recent studies raise concerns of toxicities and health consequences related to over-supplementation. (medscape.com)
Selenium3
  • 8. Wheat germ - Rich in vitamin E and selenium which are both capable cell reinforcements, it likewise holds choline and magnesium making this nourishment a compelling cerebrum supplement. (ajnnews.com)
  • It is important both for the prevention of selenium-related deficiency diseases and for its health promoting biological functions as part of the amino acid selenocysteine that is incorporated into the selenoproteins. (pharmanord.com)
  • Selenium deficiency diseases are known in both animals and humans. (pharmanord.com)
Pregnancy5
  • Choline certainly has earned its new reputation as an essential nutrient during pregnancy and childhood, as well as in male and female adults. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • 7) Animal research shows that choline deficiency during pregnancy is associated with lower brain weight and volume and less white and gray matter in offspring 30 days after birth. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • The nutritional demand for the nutrient increases during pregnancy to support epigenetic regulation and cellular health in the developing fetus, and studies have linked choline deficiency during pregnancy in humans with altered behavior in children. (newswise.com)
  • Since pregnancy creates a high demand for choline, Rey's team also tested the effects of choline-eating microbes across generations. (newswise.com)
  • It seems that study after study finds that eating this causes metal deficiencies in our children or being exposed to that during the third trimester of pregnancy causes higher cortisol levels in the next generation. (psych-neuro.com)
Consume3
  • In 2015, the USDA declared choline a shortfall nutrient, meaning most people do not consume enough. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • How Much Choline Should Your Patients Consume? (todayspractitioner.com)
  • Epigenetic regulation - the decorating of genes with chemical groups that control how much they are expressed - appears to underlie the effects of gut bacteria that consume too much choline. (newswise.com)
Folate deficiency4
  • Folate deficiency can lead to DNA strand breaks (double helix is severed, must be repaired lest DNA rearrangement occur), increase the frequency of mutations, and cause cancer. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • A low serum folate level is suggestive of folate deficiency, but is not diagnostic. (medscape.com)
  • If there is strong clinical suspicion of folate deficiency but the serum folate level is normal and cobalamin deficiency has been ruled out, the red blood cell folate level may be measured. (medscape.com)
  • Folate deficiency has links to dementia, while vitamin B deficiency has links to depression. (longevity.technology)
Malnutrition2
  • See 21 Hidden Clues to Diagnosing Nutritional Deficiencies , a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify clues to conditions associated with malnutrition. (medscape.com)
  • LaRocca CJ, Beilman GJ, Birch M. A Case of Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency Resulting From Malnutrition. (medscape.com)
Supplements9
  • Yet, choline salts are too bulky to fit into prenatal dietary supplements and therefore are not always included in adequate amounts for pregnant and lactating women. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • 3) These problems may continue even if choline supplements are started or a choline-rich diet is eaten after the 1,000 days have passed. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • While there are plenty of vet-approved supplements currently available, and you should definitely ask your veterinarian about this option, choline can also be found in several natural sources. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • Should You Give Your Dog Choline Supplements? (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • Another reason to refrain from giving your dog choline supplements is that it's actually known to interact with other medications. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • Choline deficiency is easily treated with choline supplements or by introducing choline rich foods into your dog's diet. (bestiepaws.com)
  • It's also fairly likely that the effect would just be a result of a creatine deficiency , or a choline deficiency, or something like that, which can be fixed with a supplement (although Dr Gregger doesn't recommend it due to the incidence rate of high contamination in creatine supplements, but maybe you can find a brand you trust. (effectivealtruism.org)
  • The study was published in the journal The Journal of Clinical Investigation and the study lead author, Dr Stephen R. Veech, stated: 'The results of this study suggest that in addition to improving physical health, combining choline and dietary supplements could have unexpected health benefits, especially in people at risk for insulin resistance or other adverse health effects associated with excess dietary fat, zendava cardarine. (braincubation.com)
  • Dr Ramesh Agarwal, the editor of Nutrition Today, commented on the study, stating that 'a combination of choline and dietary supplements does raise the risk of weight gain over a period of time, as you have seen, because the absorption of choline depends on fatty acids in your diet, but it also raises the risk of low blood cholesterol and high triglycerides. (braincubation.com)
Cobalamin deficiency2
  • This report summarizes the two cases and provides guidance for health-care providers on identifying and preventing cobalamin deficiency among breastfed infants of vegetarian mothers. (cdc.gov)
  • The child had persistent elevation of urine methylmalonic acid on three occasions but received no treatment for cobalamin deficiency until after the third measurement, which was ordered for a genetics clinic evaluation. (cdc.gov)
Nutrient deficiencies1
  • Hardy Nutritionals® founder David Hardy will discuss how essential nutrient deficiencies are connected to and are the most likely cause of increases in illness and disease in the population. (hardynutritionals.com)
Pseudocholinesterase deficiency18
  • Pseudocholinesterase deficiency is a condition that results in increased sensitivity to certain muscle relaxant drugs used during general anesthesia, called choline esters. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, people with pseudocholinesterase deficiency may not be able to move or breathe on their own for a few hours after the drugs are administered. (medlineplus.gov)
  • People with pseudocholinesterase deficiency may also have increased sensitivity to certain other drugs, including the local anesthetic procaine, and to specific agricultural pesticides. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pseudocholinesterase deficiency occurs in 1 in 3,200 to 1 in 5,000 people. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pseudocholinesterase deficiency can be caused by mutations in the BCHE gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Some BCHE gene mutations that cause pseudocholinesterase deficiency result in an abnormal pseudocholinesterase enzyme that does not function properly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pseudocholinesterase deficiency can also have nongenetic causes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A case of pseudocholinesterase deficiency in the PACU. (medlineplus.gov)
  • What are the differential diagnoses for Pseudocholinesterase Deficiency? (medscape.com)
  • What is the role of lab testing in the workup of pseudocholinesterase deficiency? (medscape.com)
  • Maiorana A, Roach RB Jr. Heterozygous pseudocholinesterase deficiency: a case report and review of the literature. (medscape.com)
  • Brozović G, Mazul Sunko B, Hafner T, Bekavac I. Allergic reaction to suxamethonium during emergency caesarean section and pseudocholinesterase deficiency in the same patient. (medscape.com)
  • Zoller M, Walther S. [Residual relaxant block due to pseudocholinesterase deficiency - First manifestation in an elderly patient]. (medscape.com)
  • Organophosphate exposure with pseudocholinesterase deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Pseudocholinesterase deficiency considerations: a case study. (medscape.com)
  • Pseudocholinesterase deficiency and electroconvulsive therapy. (medscape.com)
  • Kurnutala LN, Rugnath N. Pseudocholinesterase deficiency - is succinylcholine still needed to facilitate endotracheal intubation? (medscape.com)
  • Robles A, Michael M, McCallum R. Pseudocholinesterase deficiency: what the proceduralist needs to know. (medscape.com)
Essential8
  • Nutrient needs, including those of the essential nutrient choline, are a population wide distribution. (mdpi.com)
  • Choline is classified as an essential nutrient that is crucial for numerous physiological processes in the body, including neurotransmitter synthesis, cell-membrane structure and signaling, lipid transport, and methylation. (alkalineforlife.com)
  • While it is not strictly a vitamin, researchers began to suspect that choline was an essential nutrient in 1932. (purebulk.com)
  • Choline is an essential nutrient that is categorized as a vitamin . (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • Choline is an essential nutrient that's found in all the right foods and you most likely fall into the 90 percent of Americans that don't get enough of this super-lipotropic nutrient. (fitnessedge.net)
  • Choline is an essential nutrient that's been unofficially adopted into the B-complex vitamin family. (fitnessedge.net)
  • Choline is an essential nutrient necessary for a wide range of functions from cellular maintenance to creating neurotransmitters. (myfooddata.com)
  • That's the suggestion from new research conducted by Rey's group that shows mice that harbor high levels of microbes that eat choline are deprived of this essential nutrient. (newswise.com)
Dementia1
  • The association of choline and choline derivatives in risk of chronic disease, including: neural tube defects, coronary artery disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and memory, and cystic fibrosis is reviewed. (nih.gov)
Docosahexaenoic acid1
  • Using mass spectrometry (lipidomics and metabolomics), we discovered the occurrence of increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) especially of phosphatidyl choline with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA-PC) in E- embryos. (converia.de)
Pregnant women1
  • 5) The fact a lot of pregnant women don't know they have this mutation makes a strong case for a choline supplement along with folate. (vitalnutrients.co)
Methyl2
  • Choline is known as a methyl donor. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • In a folate-deficient diet or when a person isn't able to absorb enough folate, the need for choline increases since it replaces folate as the main methyl donor. (vitalnutrients.co)
1300 mg2
  • The optimum level of choline citrate is between 650 and 1300 mg/day, which is about 1 to 2 teaspoons of our liquid choline citrate. (alkalineforlife.com)
  • The ideal ratio is 220 mg of Mg to 1300 mg Choline Citrate. (holisticprimarycare.net)
Phosphotransferase1
  • The MAPKK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein serine/threonine kinases, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)
Genes1
  • So your genes can determine whether or not you show symptoms of choline deficiency. (wordpress.com)
Cardiovascular3
  • Choline deficiency leads to high homocysteine levels in the body, therefore, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. (alkalineforlife.com)
  • Small doses of choline can also have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular health since it can regulate the heart rate. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • BH4 deficiency also causes cardiovascular disease and excess blood clotting. (wordpress.com)
Fetal development1
Nutritional4
  • For many years, choline slipped under the nutritional radar. (vitalnutrients.co)
  • The toxic effects of TMAO accumulation also complicate potential dietary remedies - more choline in the diet might lead to more TMAO rather than fixing nutritional shortages. (newswise.com)
  • Peripheral neuropathies due to nutritional deficiencies have few individually characteristic signs but can be differentiated by observing other symptoms of the patient's underlying systemic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Establishing an exact nutritional deficiency is often difficult. (medscape.com)
Micronutrient1
  • Choline is a micronutrient similar to the vitamin B complex, and encourages a healthy brain and nervous system. (longevity.technology)
Genetic2
  • This suggests that genetic variability among individuals may influence susceptibility to choline deficiency. (wordpress.com)
  • Other people at risk for insufficient choline include those with specific genetic mutations and those requiring total parental nutrition - a method of feeding that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. (naturalhealth365.com)
Symptoms3
  • What are the symptoms of choline deficiency? (bestiepaws.com)
  • So, f or many people, it is symptoms like muscle aches or spasms, poor digestion, anxiety , heart palpitations, mood swings or trouble sleeping that indicate deficiency. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • Because choline is vital for memory, mood, muscular function, and the overall health of the nervous system, a deficiency in it might cause you to feel fuzzy (among other more severe symptoms). (factsaboutfood.com)
Health8
  • Given the important physiological roles of choline and authorization of certain health claims, it is questionable why choline has been overlooked for so long in the UK," she writes. (todayspractitioner.com)
  • It's also worth noting that choline influences the way fat is metabolized inside your pooch's body, so it regulates cholesterol levels and protects your pet from developing potentially dangerous health issues, including the development of clots inside the arteries. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • They are the person that knows best what potential health issues your dog might have and if choline makes a good choice for your pup. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • From sending the signals that make your heart beat, your GI tract moving along, and your brain health up-to-par, Choline plays precursor roles in all these everyday human functions. (fitnessedge.net)
  • Choline is used for providing a variety of positive mental health benefits . (fitnessedge.net)
  • There is increasing evidence for deficiency of both macro and micronutrients being linked to mental health disorders. (purepharmacy.com)
  • Iron deficiency can have an adverse impact on the developing human brain and can increase risk for depression, anxiety, ADHD and other mental health conditions. (purepharmacy.com)
  • There are already human studies that show that choline deficiency is a problem that matters to human health, and what this study really provides is one possible mechanism by which this may be exacerbated," says Rey. (newswise.com)
Citrate5
  • Fortunately, there's a simple fix: Choline citrate. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • In the energized choline citrate form, when combined with magnesium glycinate, citrate, and ascorbate, choline can help bypass the energy-dependent mechanism (Ca-Mg ATPase pump) that regulates transport of Mg into cells. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • Choline also neutralizes any extracellular charge differential, and facilitates easier transport of magnesium into the cell by forming micelles that contain two molar equivalents of Mg and choline, along with 3 molar equivalents of citrate. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • So, while supplementing with Mg, it is smart to add choline citrate as well. (holisticprimarycare.net)
  • Use magnesium glycinate, citrate and ascorbate along with choline citrate in the recommended ratio. (holisticprimarycare.net)
Regulates2
  • Given that choline is also involved in the dilatation of blood vessels, it would be fair to say that it also regulates blood pressure. (petfriendlyhouse.com)
  • Some pills also contain choline that regulates the burning of fat. (marysschoolhouse.org)
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