Cholic acids. Medical search

A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.

A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

Cholestanes substituted in any position with one or more hydroxy groups. They are found in feces and bile. In contrast to bile acids and salts, they are not reabsorbed.

A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 12-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of sterols in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP8B1gene, converts 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one to 7-alpha-12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and is required in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS from cholesterol.

A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.

The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.

Recycling through liver by excretion in bile, reabsorption from intestines (INTESTINAL REABSORPTION) into portal circulation, passage back into liver, and re-excretion in bile.

Derivatives of the saturated steroid cholestane with methyl groups at C-18 and C-19 and an iso-octyl side chain at C-17.

A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of man and animals, animal and plant products, infections of soft tissue, and soil. Some species may be pathogenic. No endospores are produced. The genus Eubacterium should not be confused with EUBACTERIA, one of the three domains of life.

A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the SKIN; TENDONS; joints of KNEES and ELBOWS. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of LIPID METABOLISM and formation of FOAM CELLS.

An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

A membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 7-alpha-hydroxylation of CHOLESTEROL in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP7, converts cholesterol to 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol which is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS.

Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).

The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.

A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.

A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids.

Enzymes of the oxidoreductase class that catalyze the dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.1.-.

CHOLESTENES with one or more double bonds and substituted by any number of keto groups.

Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

A water-soluble radiographic contrast media for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

A semisynthetic bile acid made from cholic acid. It is used as a cholagogue, hydrocholeretic, diuretic, and as a diagnostic aid.

Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)

Salts and esters of CHOLIC ACID.

Steroids which have undergone contraction in ring size or reduction in side chains.

Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).

An NAPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates such as the 27-hydroxylation of 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol.

Placing of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.

Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A family of fused-ring hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar that act as intermediates in various chemical reactions and are used in the production of coumarone-indene resins.

An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Unsaturated derivatives of PREGNANES.

A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.

An antifungal agent used in the treatment of TINEA infections.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.

Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic, also industrially as a fat emulsifier.

A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.

A 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible reduction of the active androgen, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE to 5 ALPHA-ANDROSTANE-3 ALPHA,17 BETA-DIOL. It also has activity towards other 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids and on 9-, 11- and 15- hydroxyprostaglandins. The enzyme is B-specific in reference to the orientation of reduced NAD or NADPH.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).

Enzymes that catalyze the formation of acyl-CoA derivatives. EC 6.2.1.

Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.

Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

Method for assessing flow through a system by injection of a known quantity of radionuclide into the system and monitoring its concentration over time at a specific point in the system. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized.

A genus of asporogenous bacteria isolated from soil that displays a distinctive rod-coccus growth cycle.

Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.

Electron-dense cytoplasmic particles bounded by a single membrane, such as PEROXISOMES; GLYOXYSOMES; and glycosomes.

Minute intercellular channels that occur between liver cells and carry bile towards interlobar bile ducts. Also called bile capillaries.

A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.

Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.

Cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group in any position.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis. (1/800)

Samples of serum, bile, and urine were collected simultaneously from patients with cholestasis of varying aetiology and from patients with cirrhosis; their bile acid composition was determined by gas/liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In cholestasis, the patterns in all three body fluids differed consistently and strikingly. In serum, cholic acid was the major bile acid and most bile acids (greater than 93%) were unsulphated, whereas, in urine, chenodeoxycholic was the major bile acid, and the majority of bile acids (greater than 60%) were sulphated. Secondary bile acids were virtually absent in bile, serum, and urine. The total amount of bile acids excreted for 24 hours correlated highly with the concentration of serum bile acids; in patients with complete obstruction, urinary excretion averaged 71-6 mg/24 h. In cirrhotic patients, serum bile acids were less raised, and chenodeoxycholic acid was the predominant acid. In healthy controls, serum bile acids were consistently richer in chenodeoxycholic acid than biliary bile acids, and no bile acids were present in urine. No unusual monohydroxy bile acids were present in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, but, in several patients, there was a considerable amount of hyocholic acid present in the urinary bile acids. The analyses of individual bile acids in serum and urine did not appear to provide helpful information in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis. Thus, in cholestasis, conjugation of chenodeoxycholic acid with sulphate becomes a major biochemical pathway, urine becomes a major route of bile acid excretion, and abnormal bile acids are formed. (+info)

A new bile acid conjugate, ciliatocholic acid, from bovine gall bladder bile. (2/800)

This study was carried out to investigate the occurrence of ciliatocholic acid in bovine gall bladder bile. Ciliatocholic acid was synthesized according to the method described by Bergstrom and Norman for the synthesis of taurocholic acid. Elemental analysis, melting point, and the infrared spectrum of this substance were determined. An isolation procedure for ciliatocholic acid was established by stepwise elution with an HCl-ethanol solvent system using a Dowex-1 anion exchange resin column chromatographic technique. Ciliatocholic acid amounting to 158 mug (as ciliatine) per 100 ml of gall bladder bile was found in the fraction eluted with 0.01 N HCl in 50% ethanol. This coumpound was purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography and confirmed to be ciliatocholic acid from the hydrolytic stability, phosphorus determination, and chromatographic behavior. Thus, bovine gall bladder bile contains a small amount of ciliatocholic acid. (+info)

Microbiological degradation of bile acids. Nitrogenous hexahydroindane derivatives formed from cholic acid by Streptomyces rubescens. (3/800)

The metabolism of cholic acid (I) by Streptomyces rubescens was investigated. This organism effected ring A cleavage, side-chain shortening and amide bond formation and gave the following metabolites: (4R)-4-[4alpha-(2-carboxyethyl)-3aalpha-hexahydro-7abeta-methyl-5-oxoindan-1 beta-yl]valeric acid (IIa) and its mono-amide (valeramide) (IIb); and 2,3,4,6, 6abeta,7,8,9,9aalpha,9bbeta-decahydro-6abeta-methyl-1H-cyclopenta[f]quinoline-3,7 -dione(IIIe)and its homologues with the beta-oriented side chains, valeric acid, valeramide, butanone and propionic acid, in the place of the oxo group at C-7, i.e.compounds (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc) and (IIId) respectively. All the nitrogenous metabolites were new compounds, and their structures were established by partial synthesis except for the metabolite (IIIc). The mechanism of formation of these metabolites is considered. A degradative pathway of cholic acid (I) into the metabolites is also tentatively proposed. (+info)

Microbiological degradation of bile acids. The conjugation of a certain cholic acid metabolite with amino acids in Corynebacterium equi. (4/800)

1. (4R)-4[4alpha-(2-Carboxyethyl)-3aalpha-hexahydro-7abeta-methyl-5-oxoindan-1beta-y l]valeric acid (II) could not be utilized by Arthrobacter simplex, even though the acid was one of the metabolites formed from cholic acid (I) by this organism. Therefore the further degradation of the acid (II) by Corynebacterium equi was investigated to identify the intermediates involved in the cholic acid degradation. 2. The organism, cultured in a medium containing the acid (II) as the sole source of carbon, produced unexpected metabolites, the conjugates of this original acid (II) with amino acids or their derivatives, although the yield was very low. These new metabolites were isolated and identified by chemical synthesis as the Na-((4R)-4-[4alpha-(2-carboxyethyl)-3a alpha-hexahydro-7a beta-methyl-5-oxoindan-1 beta-yl]-valeryl) derivatives of L-alanine, glutamic acid, O-acetylhomoserine and glutamine, i.e. compounds (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIId) respectively. 3. The possibility that the bacterial synthetic reaction observed in the acid (II) metabolism with C. equi is analogous to peptide conjugation known in both animals and higher plants is discussed. A possible mechanism for this bacterial conjugation is also considered. (+info)

Identification of protein components of the microsomal glucose 6-phosphate transporter by photoaffinity labelling. (5/800)

The glucose-6-phosphatase system catalyses the terminal step of hepatic glucose production from both gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and is thus a key regulatory factor of blood glucose homoeostasis. To identify the glucose 6-phosphate transporter T1, we have performed photoaffinity labelling of human and rat liver microsomes by using the specific photoreactive glucose-6-phosphate translocase inhibitors S 0957 and S 1743. Membrane proteins of molecular mass 70, 55, 33 and 31 kDa were labelled in human microsomes by [3H]S 0957, whereas in rat liver microsomes bands at 95, 70, 57, 54, 50, 41, 33 and 31 kDa were detectable. The photoprobe [3H]S 1743 led to the predominant labelling of a 57 kDa and a 50 kDa protein in the rat. Stripping of microsomes with 0.3% CHAPS retains the specific binding of T1 inhibitors; photoaffinity labelling of such CHAPS-treated microsomes resulted in the labelling of membrane proteins of molecular mass 55, 33 and 31 kDa in human liver and 50, 33 and 31 kDa in rat liver. Photoaffinity labelling of human liver tissue samples from a healthy individual and from liver samples of patients with a diagnosed glycogen-storage disease type 1b (GSD type 1b; von Gierke's disease) revealed the absence of the 55 kDa protein from one of the patients with GSD type 1. These findings support the identity of the glucose 6-phosphate transporter T1, with endoplasmic reticulum protein of molecular mass 50 kDa in rat liver and 55 kDa in human liver. (+info)

Development of a simple and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus core antigen. (6/800)

A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCVcAg) was developed, and its performance was compared with that of the AMPLICOR HCV test (Roche Molecular Systems). The developed one-step pretreatment method, 30-min incubation of the specimen with a solution containing three different types of detergents (Triton X-100, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate [CHAPS], and sodium dodecyl sulfate), does not require any special device. Because the interfering anti-core antibody in the sample was sufficiently inactivated by the pretreatment, HCVcAg in the sample could be detected. The immunoreactivity on gel filtration was shifted from void fractions to those corresponding to the molecular mass range from 20 to 25 kDa, which is equal to the estimated molecular mass of HCVcAg, after the pretreatment. By the recovery test with HCVcAg-positive serum, the recovery rate was 93.5 to 106. 5%. There was no interference with the EIA by anticoagulants or blood components in the serum. When the cutoff value was tentatively set at 0.5 mU/ml based on the distribution of healthy subjects' sera, the sera of all healthy subjects (n = 125) and patients with hepatitis B (n = 50) were negative. HCVcAg was detected in sera from 57 of 73 individuals (78.1%) with anti-HCV antibody. Similarly, HCV RNA was detected in sera from 59 individuals (80.8%) with the AMPLICOR HCV as the qualitative test (AMPLICOR HCV test) and in sera from 54 individuals (74.0%) by the AMPLICOR HCV Monitor as the quantitative test (AMPLICOR Monitor test). Concentrations of HCVcAg and HCV RNA (measured by the AMPLICOR Monitor test) correlated significantly (r = 0.8, P < 0.001). On seroconversion panels, HCVcAg was detected during the early stage of infection, when anti-HCV antibodies had not been produced. This assay for HCVcAg is simpler than assays for HCV RNA based on gene technology and shows specificity and sensitivity equivalent to those of the AMPLICOR HCV test. (+info)

The identification of specific high density lipoprotein3 binding sites on human blood monocytes using fluorescence-labeled ligand. (7/800)

We previously reported the identity and purification of two HDL3-binding proteins in rat liver plasma membranes. As these proteins are candidate high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptors and probably multifunctional, including a role in HDL metabolism, we have considerable interest in identifying corresponding proteins that are present in human tissue. This report describes the identification of HDL3-binding sites on human monocytes with the use of fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry assay. After the incubation of mononuclear cells from human blood with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled human HDL3, fluorescence micrographs showed dense signals of fluorescent grains on monocytes, but not lymphocytes. A significant increase in FITC intensity on monocytes, but not lymphocytes, was observed by flow cytometry analysis, and the interaction between FITC-HDL3 and human monocytes was concentration-dependent. Although very low density (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were ineffective competitors and HDL2 only partially competed for binding, a 50-fold concentration of HDL3 did compete effectively for binding of FITC-HDL3 to human monocytes. Trypsin treatment reduced the FITC intensity of monocytes, showing that a portion of cell-associated FITC-HDL3 remained bound to the cell surface. Two major HDL-binding proteins were identified in CHAPS-solubilized human mononuclear cells by ligand blotting, using HDL3 as the ligand. Both showed similar binding parameters, specificity, and molecular weight identical to HB1 and HB2 from rat liver plasma membrane. We conclude that corresponding candidate HDL receptors or a similar receptor complex also exist on human blood monocytes. (+info)

Formation of hyodeoxycholic acid from muricholic acid and hyocholic acid by an unidentified gram-positive rod termed HDCA-1 isolated from rat intestinal microflora. (8/800)

From the rat intestinal microflora we isolated a gram-positive rod, termed HDCA-1, that is a member of a not previously described genomic species and that is able to transform the 3alpha,6beta, 7beta-trihydroxy bile acid beta-muricholic acid into hyodeoxycholic acid (3alpha,6alpha-dihydroxy acid) by dehydroxylation of the 7beta-hydroxy group and epimerization of the 6beta-hydroxy group into a 6alpha-hydroxy group. Other bile acids that were also transformed into hyodeoxycholic acid were hyocholic acid (3alpha, 6alpha,7alpha-trihydroxy acid), alpha-muricholic acid (3alpha,6beta, 7alpha-trihydroxy acid), and omega-muricholic acid (3alpha,6alpha, 7beta-trihydroxy acid). The strain HDCA-1 could not be grown unless a nonconjugated 7-hydroxylated bile acid and an unidentified growth factor produced by a Ruminococcus productus strain that was also isolated from the intestinal microflora were added to the culture medium. Germfree rats selectively associated with the strain HDCA-1 plus a bile acid-deconjugating strain and the growth factor-producing R. productus strain converted beta-muricholic acid almost completely into hyodeoxycholic acid. (+info)

... in vitro from bovine bile by adding ursodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and calcium bilirubinate, producing calculus bovis ... 6% cholic acid, ≥ 35% bilirubin by dry wright. v t e (CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh), All articles with dead external links ... "Cholic Acid". Archived from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2016-11-09. "人工牛黄". (cowgallstones.com). Retrieved 10 July ... 13% cholic acid, ≥ 0.63% bilirubin by dry wright. Bovis calculus sativus, in vitro cultivated replacement produced from bovine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_bovis

... cholic acid derivatives and organic acids. It is hoped that further research into alkaliphilic enzymes will allow scientists to ... gluconic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and phosphoric acid. Together, these residues form an acidic matrix that helps ... subtilis has been observed to contain higher levels of hexosamines and amino acids as compared to its neutrophilic counterpart ... it has been proposed that cell walls contain acidic polymers composed of residues such as galacturonic acid, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliphile

"Biosynthesis of cholic acid in rat liver. 24-Hydroxylation of 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoic acid". J. ... Relationship between the different dehydrogenases and evidence that fatty acids and the C27 bile acids di- and tri- ... Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72: 137-74. doi:10.1146/ ... hydroxycoprostanic acids are metabolized by separate multifunctional proteins". Eur. J. Biochem. 240 (3): 660-6. doi:10.1111/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA_24-hydroxylase

Scott, Janet Lesley (1995). Inclusion compounds of cholic acid and methyl cholate (Thesis). Place of publication not identified ... Her doctoral research considered cholic acid and methyl cholate. Scott joined the faculty at the University of Cape Town in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Scott_(scientist)

Hepatocytes metabolize cholesterol to cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. These lipid-soluble bile acids are conjugated ( ... Finally, the conjugated bile acids which remained un-ionized conjugated bile acids are passively absorbed. Venous blood from ... Due to the pH of the small intestine, most of the bile acids are ionized and mostly occur as their sodium salts which are then ... The presence of biliary acids in the intestines helps in absorption of fats and other substances. Bilirubin is conjugated with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterohepatic_circulation

... and calcium carbonate and reports choleic acid. Deoxycholic acid and cholic acid have also been reported. In simple cases of ... Choleic acid stones are almost always radiolucent. They sometimes can be visualized on CT scans without contrast; presence of ... Raper HS (1921). "A Human Enterolith containing Choleic Acid". The Biochemical Journal. 15 (1): 49-52. doi:10.1042/bj0150049. ... Acid-base physiology Bezoar Blue MG (April 1979). "Enteroliths in horses--a retrospective study of 30 cases". Equine Veterinary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterolith

... cholic thiokinase, cholate thiokinase, cholic acid:CoA ligase, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl coenzyme A ... Elliott WH (March 1956). "The enzymic activation of cholic acid by guinea-pig-liver microsomes". The Biochemical Journal. 62 (3 ... Elliott WH (February 1957). "The breakdown of adenosine triphosphate accompanying cholic acid activation by guinea-pig liver ... Cholate-CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.7, BAL, bile acid CoA ligase, bile acid coenzyme A ligase, choloyl-CoA synthetase, choloyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholate—CoA_ligase

This step leads to the formation of the bile acid cholic acid. Cholic acid is a 3,7,12 tri-hydroxy bile acid and is one of the ... Activity of this enzyme determines the balance between cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids in humans. Ishida H, Noshiro M, Okuda ... Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 72: 137-74. ... major bile acids in humans and many other animals. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one_12alpha-hydroxylase

"Nitrogen Mustards" (1951, with Max Tishler) "The Conversion of Cholic Acid into 3α-Hydroxy-12-keto-Δ9(11)-cholenic Acid" (1951 ... "The Conversion of Cholic Acid into 3α-Hydroxy-12-keto-Δ9(11)-cholenic Acid". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 73 (9): ... Wilson, Evelyn H.; Weijlard, John; Tishler, Max (October 1954). "Pantothenic Acid Salts". Journal of the American Chemical ... "Pantothenic Acid Salts" (1954, with John Weijlard and Max Tishler) "Why Not Science?" (1969) "Course Development: A Legitimate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_Hodes_Wilson

Synthetic steroids are synthesized from cholic acid and sapogenins obtained from cattle and plants, respectively. ... It is evidence that dissociated SRC is responsible for inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from cell membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylprednisolone

It may be synthesized from cholic acid and is zwitterionic due to its quaternary ammonium and sulfonate groups; it is ... Taurodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic acid Hjelmeland, LM (November 1980). "A nondenaturing zwitterionic detergent for ... structurally similar to certain bile acids, such as taurodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. It is used as a non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHAPS_detergent

"Formation of cholic acid from 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid by rat liver peroxisomes". J. ... 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid into cholic acid by rat liver peroxisomes". FEBS Lett. 121 (2): 345-8. doi:10.1016 ... "Glycine and taurine conjugation of bile acids by a single enzyme Molecular cloning and expression of human liver bile acid CoA: ... Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72: 137-74. doi:10.1146/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propanoyl-CoA_C-acyltransferase

... cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, both of which are secreted in the bile. In the intestine these bile acids affect the ... The elephant, manatee and naked mole rat have inactive copies of this gene and lack cholic acid in their bile. Relaxed ... "Entrez Gene: CYP8B1". Sharma, V; Hiller, M (1 December 2018). "Loss of Enzymes in the Bile Acid Synthesis Pathway Explains ... Ellis EC (2006). "Suppression of bile acid synthesis by thyroid hormone in primary human hepatocytes". World J. Gastroenterol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP8B1

... , a conjugate of cholic acid and arachidic acid, is a member of a synthetic fatty-acid/bile-acid conjugate (FABAC). ... Aramchol was initially intended to combine a cholesterol solubilizing moiety (a saturated fatty acid) with a bile acid (cholic ... August 2010). "Fatty acid bile acid conjugate inhibits hepatic stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase and is non-atherogenic". Archives ... Safadi R, Konikoff FM, Mahamid M, Zelber-Sagi S, Halpern M, Gilat T, Oren R (December 2014). "The fatty acid-bile acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramchol

The only method for preparing this drug prior to 1952 was a lengthy synthesis starting from cholic acid isolated from bile. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upjohn

Tauro-ursodeoxy-cholic acid (TUDCA), and monoclonal antibodies. The use of pacemakers (both right ventricular pacing and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_amyloidosis

... primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver to form either cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid or ... bile acid reconjugation involves the addition of amino acids to an unconjugated bile acid. Additionally, microbial bile acid ... which regulates bile acid synthesis and transport. Upon activation, FXR can repress bile acid synthesis and alter the bile acid ... Bile acid metabolism, and by association BSHs, influences the immune system by shaping the gut microbiota and bile acid pool. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_salt_hydrolase

... steroids and bile acids (e.g. cholic acid). 5α-Cholane 5β-Cholane Cholestane Ergostane International Union of Pure and Applied ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholane

The primary bile acids cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) are synthesized in the liver and undergo conjugation ... a bile acid analogue), simtuzumab (a monoclonal antibody), and 24-norursodeoxycholic acid (a synthetic bile acid). Although the ... In the treatment of ICP, current evidence suggests ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a minor secondary bile acid in humans, is the ... Dumont M, Erlinger S, Uchman S (July 1980). "Hypercholeresis induced by ursodeoxycholic acid and 7-ketolithocholic acid in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholestasis

24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and cholic acid". Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36: 134-141. doi:10.1248/cpb.36.134. Sonoda Y ... 24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and cholic acid". Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36: 142-145. doi:10.1248/cpb.36.142. Kurosawa ... Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 72: 137-74. ... role of the hydratase reaction in bile acid synthesis". The Biochemical Journal. 328 (2): 377-82. doi:10.1042/bj3280377. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA_hydratase

... of very-long-chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis of plasmalogens conjugation of cholic acid as part of bile acid ... Peroxisomes are involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, bile acid intermediates ... In animal cells, the long fatty acids are converted to medium chain fatty acids, which are subsequently shuttled to ... such as D-amino acid oxidase and uric acid oxidase. However the last enzyme is absent in humans, explaining the disease known ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome

Cholic acid Hyocholic acid, or 3α,6α,7α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid Muricholic acids This set index page lists chemical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C24H40O5

... the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid Cholic acid, a bile acid, showing the carboxylic acid and additional ... allowing the cholesterol to be broken up by other enzymes into bile acids. These acids can then be eliminated by secretion from ... Neurosteroids such as DHEA and allopregnanolone Bile acids such as taurocholic acid Aminosteroid neuromuscular blocking agents ... Zollner G, Marschall HU, Wagner M, Trauner M (2006). "Role of nuclear receptors in the adaptive response to bile acids and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid

... may refer to: Cholic acid Epic E1000, an American turboprop aircraft design E1000 series, a train used by the Taiwan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E1000

12α-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one and then to cholic acid, the major primary bile acid in humans. Alternatively, it can be ... The increase in serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one concentrations reflects the loss of bile acids secondary to bile acid ... Elevated values are found in patients with bile acid malabsorption and may be useful in the diagnosis of this condition as high ... 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is an intermediate in the biochemical synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. Its precursor, 7α- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one

A05AA01 Chenodeoxycholic acid A05AA02 Ursodeoxycholic acid A05AA03 Cholic acid A05AA04 Obeticholic acid A05AB01 Nicotinyl ... A05BA04 Citiolone A05BA05 Epomediol A05BA06 Ornithine oxoglutarate A05BA07 Tidiacic arginine A05BA08 Glycyrrhizic acid ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_A05

... cholic acids MeSH D04.808.105.225.130 - cholic acid MeSH D04.808.105.225.130.330 - cholates MeSH D04.808.105.225.130.330.850 - ... cholic acids MeSH D04.808.221.430.130 - cholic acid MeSH D04.808.221.430.130.330 - cholates MeSH D04.808.221.430.130.330.850 - ... lithocholic acid MeSH D04.808.105.225.480.880 - taurolithocholic acid MeSH D04.808.105.225.900 - taurocholic acid MeSH D04.808. ... lithocholic acid MeSH D04.808.221.430.622.900 - taurolithocholic acid MeSH D04.808.221.430.873 - taurocholic acid MeSH D04.808. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D04)

"Cofactor requirements for 7 alpha-dehydroxylation of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid in cell extracts of the intestinal ... Bile-acid 7alpha-dehydroxylase (EC 1.17.99.5, cholate 7alpha-dehydroxylase, 7alpha-dehydroxylase, bile acid 7-dehydroxylase) ... Bile-acid+7alpha-dehydroxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (Orphaned ... White BA, Paone DA, Cacciapuoti AF, Fricke RJ, Mosbach EH, Hylemon PB (January 1983). "Regulation of bile acid 7-dehydroxylase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile-acid_7alpha-dehydroxylase

... unlike cholic acid, which has a 12-hydroxyl, and chenodeoxycholic acid which has neither a 6- or 12-hydroxyl. It also differs ... Hyocholic acid or 3α,6α,7α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is a bile acid found as one of the main forms in pig, and at low ... Hyocholic acid differs from the primary bile acids found in humans by having a third hydroxyl group in the α-conformation at ... Epimerization of the 7-hydroxyl to the β-position is found in ω-muricholic acid (also known as β-hyocholic acid). The enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyocholic_acid

Muricholic acids differ from the primary bile acids found in humans, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, by having a ... α-muricholic acid β-muricholic acid γ-muricholic acid (hyocholic acid) ω-muricholic acid Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, ... The three major bile acids in germ-free mice are cholic acid, α-muricholic, and β-muricholic acids. In conventional mice with a ... This produces α-muricholic acid from chenodeoxycholic acid, and β-muricholic acid from ursodeoxycholic acid. Tauromuricholic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muricholic_acid

... has been shown to be absorbed from the gut and excreted into the bile at the same rate as cholic acid, one of the major ... This test has replaced 14C-labeled glycocholic acid (or taurocholic acid) breath tests and fecal bile acid measurements, which ... SeHCAT (23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid, selenium homocholic acid taurine, or tauroselcholic acid) is a drug used in a ... The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is reduced in these patients with ileal abnormalities and, as the normal bile acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeHCAT

... bile acids Cholic acid Glycocholic acid Taurocholic acid Deoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic acid Glycochenodeoxycholic acid ... Cholic acid is converted into deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid into lithocholic acid. All four of these bile acids ... "deoxycholic acid" in that it had one fewer hydroxyl group than cholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is formed from cholic acid by 7- ... In humans, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid (derivatives of cholic acid) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid

It is a conjugate of cholic acid with taurine. In medical use, it is administered as a cholagogue and choleretic. Hydrolysis of ... Taurocholic acid, known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum, is a deliquescent yellowish crystalline ... For commercial use, taurocholic acid is manufactured from cattle bile, a byproduct of the meat-processing industry. This acid ... Deoxycholic acid Anwer, M. Sawkat (2004). "Cellular regulation of hepatic bile acid transport in health and cholestasis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurocholic_acid

UDCA is most commonly produced from cholic acid (CA) derived from bovine bile, a by-product of the beef industry. The current ... While some bile acids are known to be colon tumor promoters (e.g. deoxycholic acid), others such as ursodeoxycholic acid are ... Mroz MS, Lajczak NK, Goggins BJ, Keely S, Keely SJ (March 2018). "The bile acids, deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, ... "Bile acids deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid differentially regulate human β-defensin-1 and -2 secretion by colonic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursodeoxycholic_acid

Bacteria metabolize chenodeoxycholic acid into the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid, and they metabolize cholic acid into ... Deoxycholic acid is a bile acid. Deoxycholic acid is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts of ... The two primary bile acids secreted by the liver are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. ... There are additional secondary bile acids, such as ursodeoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is soluble in alcohol and acetic acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxycholic_acid

... from cholic acids (monoisotopic mass 498.2895) easily. Additional suggestions included removal of cholic acids through the ... Taurodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. This compound is a closely related isomer of Taurochenodeoxycholic acid and ... Strynar and colleagues ASMS Strynar et al., 2009 demonstrated the presence of these cholic acids in a number of biological ... extraction cleanup of methanolic extracts using Supelco's ENVI-Carb cartridge or monitoring for the presence of cholic acids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurodeoxycholic_acid

... and cholic acid are the two primary bile acids in humans. Chenodeoxycholic acid has two hydroxyl groups ... Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA; also known as chenodesoxycholic acid, chenocholic acid and 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid) ... Ursodeoxycholic acid Hyodeoxycholic acid Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". ... Salts of this carboxylic acid are called chenodeoxycholates. Chenodeoxycholic acid is one of the main bile acids. It was first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenodeoxycholic_acid

It is a conjugate of cholic acid with glycine. Its anion is called glycocholate. Taurocholic acid "Glycocholic Acid". MeSH. v t ... Glycocholic acid, or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium ... Bile acids, Cholanes, All stub articles, Steroid stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycocholic_acid

"Unsaturated bile acids. III. Relations of apocholic acid, dihydroxycholenic acid (m. 260) and cholic acid to desoxycholic acid ... Apocholic acid is an unsaturated bile acid first characterized in the 1920s. It has questionable carcinogenic activity as ... The salts and esters of apocholic acid are known as apocholates.[citation needed] Apocholate citrate agar ,ALDRICH&N5=SEARCH_ ... 5-beta-Chol-8(14)-en-24-oic acid, 3-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-, sodium salt at environmentalchemistry.com (All articles with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocholic_acid

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https://www.tmmedia.in/product/cholic-acid-purity-99/

Cambridge Isotope Laboratories offers CHOLIC ACID UNLABELED for all your research needs. View pricing, availability and product ...

https://shop.isotope.com/productdetails.aspx?itemno=ULM-9543-0.05

Could genetic defects that disrupt bile acid amidation cause fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and growth failure in children? ... Cholic acid In urine (%). Total duodenal bile acid concentration (μmol/L). Unconjugated biliary acids (%). Cholic acid in bile ... Unconjugated bile acids accounted for 95.7% ± 5.8% of the bile acids in duodenal bile, with cholic acid accounting for 82.4% ± ... Unconjugated bile acids. 2. 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-23-oic (nor-cholic). 4.7. 17.0. 0.8. 11.2. 6.0. 0.4. 5.3. 6.5 ± 2.4 ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/804694

We investigated the effect of treatment with cyclosporin on serum conjugated bile acids in patients with chronic hepatitis ... in association with a slight increase in cholic acid level (5.13 microM vs. 0.68 microM; P , 0.01). Conjugated lithocholate ... 0.03 and 0.04 microM; P , 0.01). Chenodeoxycholate was the main circulating bile acid only in the heart transplant patients ... The occurrence of hepatitis in patients on cyclosporin led to an increase in serum lithocholate and primary bile acid ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8724029/?dopt=Abstract

cholic acid. Serious - Use Alternative (1)felodipine increases toxicity of cholic acid by decreasing elimination. Avoid or Use ... cholic acid. felodipine increases toxicity of cholic acid by decreasing elimination. Avoid or Use Alternate Drug. Avoid ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/cabren-cardioplen-xl-felodipine-342375

Dietary supplementation with okara and Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by cholic acids ... in a rat study and cholic acid (CA), a primary 12Î±-hydroxylated (12Î±OH) BA, induces lipid accumulation in rats. In this study ... Dietary supplementation with okara and Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by cholic acids ... a by-product of tofu manufacturing with Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 found to reduce secondary bile acid (BA) ...

https://ifiscollections.org/ifiscollections/article-abstract/2159632/Dietary-supplementation-with-okara-and-Bacillus?redirectedFrom=fulltext

... chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids are more cytotoxic than cholic acid (3). The minimum 15-mL dose of sheep bile contains ... cholic, and 5% lithocholic acids) -- the equivalent of 36% of the maximum daily dose of bile acids used for treating ... Bobowiec R. Effects of the intravenous infusion of sodium salts of bile acids on bile flow and bile acids of sheep {Polish}. ... bile acids will saturate the enterohepatic cycle and result in increased levels of circulating serum bile acids (6). The ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044285.htm

Deoxy cholic acid Deoxycholic acid,Ch. oleic acid Deoxycholic-2,2,4,4. -d4 Acid ... A bile acid that is 5,stereo,beta,/stereo,-cholan-24-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 12 respectively ... l]pentanoic acid (4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8R,9. S,10S,12S,13R,14S,1. 7R)-10,13-dimethyl-. 3,12-bis(oxidanyl)-. 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,. 12,14 ... yl]valeric acid (4R)-4-[(3R,5R,8R,9. S,10S,12S,13S,14S,1. 7R)-3,12-dihydroxy-. 10,13-dimethyl-2,3,. 4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,1. 4,15, ...

http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.193196.html

The Fatty Acid-Bile Acid Conjugate Aramchol Reduces Liver Fat Content in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ... Patients previously treated with vitamin E (,400IU/day), Polyunsaturated fatty acid (,2g/day) or Ursodeoxycholic acid or fish ... Treatment with Valproic acid, Tamoxifen, Methotrexate, Amiodarone or chronic treatment with anti-cholinergic agents, ... Hypersensitivity to cholic acid or bile acid sequestrants. Contacts and Locations. Go to Top of Page Study Description Study ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02279524?term=galmed&rank=5

They are cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and taurocholic acid. Source for information on bile acids: A ... n. the organic acids in bile; mostly occurring as bile salts. ... They are cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and ... aspartic acid (aspartate) A non‐essential amino acid. aspartic acid An aliphatic, acidic, p… Glutamic Acid , glutamic acid A ... L-malic acid occurs in living organisms as an intermediate metabolite… Formic Acid , for·mic ac·id / ˈfôrmik/ • n. Chem. a ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/caregiving/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/bile-acids

235000019416 cholic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6 * IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound data: ... BHQCQFFYRZLCQQ-OELDTZBJSA-N Cholic acid Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64, ... 229940074393 Chlorogenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 3 * CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N D-sucrose Chemical compound data:image/ ... 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4 * 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2018136778A1/en?q=Telodendrimers+Nanocarriers+Methods&inventor=Juntao+Luo%2C&oq=Juntao+Luo%2C+Telodendrimers+and+Nanocarriers+and+Methods

45% Total Cholic Acids). 100mg. †. Papaya Fruit Powder. 45mg. †. Pancreatin 11X Supplying:. 134mg. †. ... I started using super enzymes and ox bile together after I discovered I might have a fatty acid mal-absorption and bile ... my meals food never gave me energy you must drink a lot of water they are strong they have all you need in them stomach acid, ...

https://www.allstarhealth.com/de_p/13664/Now_Super_Enzymes.htm

Active secretion of cholic acid across epithelial layers of human intestinal (Caco-2) cells. In: Journal of Physiology. 2000, ... cell monolayers are preferentially sensitive to disruption of barrier function from basolateral exposure to cholic acid: ...

https://www.ncl.ac.uk/medical-sciences/people/profile/simonlowes.html

Cholic Acid - Source: animal bile. Use: emulsifier in dried egg whites. Requires supervision. ... Tartaric Acid - see Cream of Tartar. Thiodipropionic Acid - Source:synthetic. Use: preservative, or from cheese. Kosher, ... Calcium Stearate - Source: a compound of calcium and stearic acid. (IMPORTANT: see Stearic Acid) Use: anti-caking ingredient in ... See also Cream of tartar and tartaric acid. Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) - Source: synthetic or corn. Use: nutrient. Kosher, ...

https://kosherquest.org/is-it-kosher/food-additives/

cholic acid. Monitor Closely (1)eluxadoline increases levels of cholic acid by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. ... cholic acid. eluxadoline increases levels of cholic acid by decreasing metabolism. Use Caution/Monitor. Eluxadoline may ... mefenamic acid. Monitor Closely (1)mefenamic acid increases levels of eluxadoline by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 ... mefenamic acid. mefenamic acid increases levels of eluxadoline by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. Use Caution/ ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/viberzi-eluxadoline-1000018

Biomarker PC-594 (an ultra long-chain fatty acid), was further validated using an independently-collected US Caucasian ... The metabolic systems included 36-carbon ultra long-chain fatty acids, multiple choline-related systems including ... of PC-594 was determined by extrapolation using a 13C-cholic acid standard curve and was reported as 13C-cholic acid ... The Q1/Q2 MRM transitions monitored were 593/557 in APCI negative mode using extract A and 13C-cholic acid as a standard [4]. ...

https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-13-416?mc_cid=d2c3432ed9&mc_eid=4eda349c8f

Cholic acid treatment has also been used. It is not as effective as CDCA in suppressing BAS and the production of cholestanol, ... Defective enzymatic function disrupts bile acid synthesis leading to cholesterol and cholestanol deposits, which result in a ... Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an anomaly of bile acid synthesis (see this term) characterized by neonatal cholestasis ... First-line treatment is based on chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) replacement therapy, which normalizes BAS and cholestanol ...

https://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?Lng=EN&Expert=909

Cholic Acid. approved. unknown. substrate. Details. DB00279. Liothyronine. approved, vet_approved. unknown. substrate. Details ... anion transmembrane transport / bile acid and bile salt transport / bile acid metabolic process / organic anion transport / ... Gadoxetic acid. approved. unknown. substrate. Details. DB08912. Dabrafenib. approved, investigational. no. substrateinhibitor. ... Taurocholic acid. approved, experimental. unknown. substrate. Details. DB00286. Conjugated estrogens. approved. unknown. ...

https://go.drugbank.com/polypeptides/Q9NPD5

The tested fibre preparations do not affect lipid metabolism through bile acid-binding in normocholesterolaemic subjects. ... and secondary bile acid concentration. Therefore, enhancing dietary fibre intake through blue lupin up to about 50 g/d can ... blue lupin increased primary bile acids-excretion (P = 0.02). All legume fibres reduced faecal concentrations of total and ... secondary bile acids (blue lupin: 16%; white lupin: 24%; soya: 16%). Blood lipids were not influenced by any intervention. No ...

https://nutritionj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2891-12-101/tables/5

Zhang, J. W.; Luo, J. T.; Zhu, X. X.; Junk, M. J. N.; Hinderberger, D.: Molecular Pockets Derived from Cholic Acid as ...

https://www.mpip-mainz.mpg.de/publication-search/29047?person=%2Fpersons%2Fresource%2Fpersons48040&seite=4

The sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase is involved in bile acid synthesis, and results in the production of cholic acid. The induction ... These acyl-CoA thioesterases showed sequence similarity only to the bile acid-CoA:amino acid N- acyltransferase involved in ... Target genes for PPARalpha include many enzymes involved in the oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria and peroxisomes. Our ... that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH). These enzymes are targets for ...

https://www.avhandlingar.se/avhandling/2ebfefb5e9/

Ox Bile Extract (45%-50% Cholic Acid). Other Ingredients: Vegetable Cellulose Capsule,Calcium Carbonate and Leucine. Lactose ...

https://www.acuatlanta.net/vital-nutrients-pancreatin-ox-bile-extract-60-veggie-capsules-p-57305.html

In this example, cholic acid becomes either taurocholic acid or glycocholic acid after conjugation with taurine or glycine, ... The novel Listeria monocytogenes bile sensor BrtA controls expression of the cholic acid efflux pump MdrT. Mol Microbiol (2011 ... Bile acids are transformed into bile salts by the association with Na+ or K+ ions. Primary bile acids are stored in the gall ... Inhibiting the initiation of Clostridium difficile spore germination using analogs of chenodeoxycholic acid, a bile acid. J ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2017.00163/full

Dive into the research topics of Effect of primary bile acid ingestion on bile acid metabolism and biliary lipid secretion in ... Effect of primary bile acid ingestion on bile acid metabolism and biliary lipid secretion in gallstone patients. ... Bile Acids and Salts 93% * Chenodeoxycholic Acid 87% * Cholesterol 26% * Cholic Acid 62% ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-primary-bile-acid-ingestion-on-bile-acid-metabolism-and/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically

Cholic acid binding by glutathione S-transferases from rat liver cytosol. Hayes, J. D., Strange, R. C. & Percy-Robb, I. W., 1 ... Amino acid sequences at the two phosphorylation sites.. Aitken, A., Bilham, T., Cohen, P., Aswad, D. & Greengard, P., 10 Apr ... The effect of rectal examination on serum acid phosphatase. Steele, R. J. C., 1 Jan 1979, In: Journal of the Royal College of ... Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase from lactating rabbit and rat mammary gland.. Hardie, D. G., Guy, P. S. & Cohen ...

https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2012&publicationYear=2014&publicationYear=2015&publicationYear=2017&publicationYear=2019&format=&nofollow=true&ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false&page=2

3-Cholic acid 3 spectra C24H40O5 Generated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk). \n. 408.28760 ... 2-Hydroxyphenanzine-1-Carboxylic acid 5 spectra C13H8N2O3 Generated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk). \ ... 12-Methyltetradecanoic acid 3 spectra C15H30O2 Generated by the Chemistry Development Kit (http://github.com/cdk). \n. ...

https://massbank.jp/Result.jsp?type=rcdidx&idxtype=site&srchkey=BGC_Munich&sortKey=name&sortAction=1&pageNo=1&exec=

Altered profiles of fecal bile acids correlate with gut microbiota and inflammatory responses in patients with ulcerative ... Glyco-deoxycholic acid; GLCA: Glyco-lithocholic acid; TLCA: Tauro-lithocholate; TCA: Tauro-cholic acid; CA: Cholic acid; TCDCA ... Ursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA: Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA: Glyco-ursodeoxycholic acid; TCA: Tauro-cholic acid; CA: Cholic ... Ursodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA: Tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid; GUDCA: Glyco-ursodeoxycholic acid; TCA: Tauro-cholic acid; CA: Cholic ...

https://wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i24/3609.htm

It is a sensor for changes in levels of fatty acids and their derivatives that responds to ligand binding with PPAR target gene ... In humans, the two main bile acids synthesized in the liver, are chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and cholic acid (CA) [59, 60]. ... regulation of amino acid metabolism is unknown but certain genes involved in the regulation of amino acid degradation have also ... R. Kobayashi, T. Murakami, M. Obayashi et al., "Clofibric acid stimulates branched-chain amino acid catabolism by three ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ppar/2010/542359/

No consensus was reached on the value of cholic acid therapy alone. Monitoring patients through testing plasma cholestanol ... All panellists agreed that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a lifetime replacement therapy which, if initiated early, can ... Clinical Commissioning Policy: Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid for treating inborn errors of bile acid synthesis (all ... Cholic-acid-and-chenodeoxycholic-acid-for-treating-inborn-errors-of-bile-acid-sy.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2021. ...

https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-021-01980-5

First-line treatment is based on chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) replacement therapy, which normalizes BAS and cholestanol concentrations, and improves neurological symptoms. (orpha.net)
All panellists agreed that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is a lifetime replacement therapy which, if initiated early, can considerably improve prognosis as it may be capable of reversing the pathophysiological process in CTX. (biomedcentral.com)
There was a 91% reduction in cholic acid and a 57% reduction in chenodeoxycholic acid. (essentialformulas.com)

Deoxycholic acid administered orally in doses of 400 mg TID decreased appetite in four out of six patients Lancet, 1968, p.1066 . (digitalnaturopath.com)
deoxy-BIGCHAP is a non-ionic detergent possessing deoxycholic acid and a gluconamide polar group. (dojindo.com)

We identified the genetic defect that causes this disorder using mass spectrometry analysis of urine, bile, and serum samples and sequence analysis of the genes encoding bile acid-CoA:amino acid N -acyltransferase (BAAT) and bile acid-CoA ligase (SLC27A5). (medscape.com)
These acyl-CoA thioesterases showed sequence similarity only to the bile acid-CoA:amino acid N- acyltransferase involved in conjugation of bile acids to glycine or taurine. (avhandlingar.se)
At the ribosome, the processed mRNA is translated to produce proteins from amino acid units. (cdc.gov)
Several metabolites involved in amino acid metabolism were identified in urine, and it was confirmed that gentamicin biochemical perturbations can be foreseen from these biomarkers . (rsc.org)
It is a sulfur amino acid, but not being used for protein synthesis. (lookchem.com)
It is an essential amino acid in the pre-term and newborn infants of human. (lookchem.com)
As the conditionally essential amino acid of the human body, it is a kind of β- sulphamic acid. (lookchem.com)
We previously reported that dietary amino acid restriction induces the accumulation of triglycerides (TAG) in the liver of growing rats. (jbc.org)
In this study, we show that TAG also accumulates in the muscle and adipose tissues of rats fed a low amino acid (low-AA) diet. (jbc.org)
Metabolite and pathway analysis showed amino acid metabolism was perturbed in these Mn-exposed workers. (cdc.gov)
C 4 H 7 NO 4 , a nonessential amino acid. (unboundmedicine.com)

[ 3 ] Conjugation thus promotes a high intraluminal bile acid concentration and therefore efficient solubilization of lipids with low aqueous solubility such as saturated fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins. (medscape.com)
The metabolic systems included 36-carbon ultra long-chain fatty acids, multiple choline-related systems including phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, as well as vinyl ether-containing plasmalogen ethanolamines. (biomedcentral.com)
Target genes for PPARalpha include many enzymes involved in the oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria and peroxisomes. (avhandlingar.se)
It is a sensor for changes in levels of fatty acids and their derivatives that responds to ligand binding with PPAR target gene transcription, inasmuch as it can influence physiological homeostasis, including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in various tissues. (hindawi.com)
Dietary fatty acids (FAs) are not only important for membrane structures and in signalling processes, but also have the ability to influence gene expression by binding to specific transcription factors [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (unboundmedicine.com)
Comparison of the effects on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids, enriched with an avocado high-carbohydrate diet. (essentialformulas.com)

Ox Bile 125 by Seeking Health provides 125 mg of ox bile, standardized to 40% cholic acid, in each cellulose capsule. (seekinghealth.com)

We found that chenodeoxy cholic acid (CDCA) reduced the amount of HIF-1α protein only under physiological hypoxia but not under severe hypoxia without decreasing its mRNA level. (elsevier.com)
[ 61 , 62 ] As expected given the enzymatic defect, a low concentration of CDCA) is observed along with high concentrations of bile alcohols (conjugated with glucuronic acid). (medscape.com)

The final step in bile acid synthesis involves conjugation with glycine and taurine, which promotes a high intraluminal micellar concentration to facilitate lipid absorption. (medscape.com)
Hepatic bile acid conjugation with the amino acids glycine and taurine represents the final step in primary bile acid synthesis in humans. (medscape.com)
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an anomaly of bile acid synthesis (see this term) characterized by neonatal cholestasis, childhood-onset cataract, adolescent to young adult-onset tendon xanthomata, and brain xanthomata with adult-onset neurologic dysfunction. (orpha.net)
Sterol 27-hydroxylase catalyzes the first step in the oxidation of the side-chain of sterol intermediates in the bile acid synthesis (BAS) pathway. (orpha.net)
Defective enzymatic function disrupts bile acid synthesis leading to cholesterol and cholestanol deposits, which result in a degenerative process. (orpha.net)
The sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase is involved in bile acid synthesis, and results in the production of cholic acid. (avhandlingar.se)
C 10 H 18 N 4 O 6 , a compound intermediate in the synthesis of arginine, formed from citrulline and aspartic acid. (unboundmedicine.com)
Apnoke Scientific Ltd focuses on the R&D and manufacturing of amino acids, peptides as well as peptide reagents including coupling reagents, crosslinking reagents, linkers for solid phase synthesis and protecting reagents. (apnoke.com)

The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. (bvsalud.org)

Dietary supplementation with okara and Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 improves hepatic lipid accumulation induced by cholic acids in rats. (ifiscollections.org)
A dietary symbiotic supplement of okara, a by-product of tofu manufacturing with Bacillus coagulans lilac-01 found to reduce secondary bile acid (BA) in a rat study and cholic acid (CA), a primary 12Î±-hydroxylated (12Î±OH) BA, induces lipid accumulation in rats. (ifiscollections.org)
In adjusting the nitrogen content to that of the control diet, we found that glutamic acid supplementation to the low-AA diet blocked lipid accumulation, but supplementation with the low-Lys diet did not, suggesting that a shortage of nitrogen caused lipids to accumulate in the skeletal muscle in the rats fed a low-AA diet. (jbc.org)
In addition, fucoidan, inulin and carrageenan inhibited the colonization of harmful bacteria Helicobacter, upregulated the abundance of Clostridia_UCG-014 and alleviated the accumulation of amino acids, bile acids and indoles in the large intestine. (bvsalud.org)

I started using super enzymes and ox bile together after I discovered I might have a fatty acid mal-absorption and bile secretion insufficiency. (allstarhealth.com)

We investigated the clinical, biochemical, molecular, and morphologic features of a genetic defect in bile acid conjugation in 10 pediatric patients with fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, some with growth failure or transient neonatal cholestatic hepatitis. (medscape.com)
Based on a study of 10 pediatric patients, genetic defects that disrupt bile acid amidation cause fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and growth failure, indicating the importance of bile acid conjugation in lipid absorption. (medscape.com)
These findings indicate that patients with idiopathic neonatal cholestasis or later onset of unexplained fat-soluble vitamin deficiency should be screened for defects in bile acid conjugation. (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] Conjugation significantly alters the physicochemical characteristics of an unconjugated bile acid by increasing the molecular size (Figure 1) and lowering the p K a , thus enhancing aqueous solubility at the pH of the proximal intestine and preventing nonionic passive absorption. (medscape.com)
Space-filling models showing the influence of bile acid conjugation with glycine and taurine on the size of the molecule, its physicochemical properties, and its physiological features. (medscape.com)
We have now identified a bile acid conjugation defect in 10 patients with clinical histories of normal or mildly elevated liver chemistry values but a severe fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, often resulting in coagulopathy and rickets. (medscape.com)
It has various kinds of physiological functions including being as a neurotransmitter in the brain, conjugation of bile acids, anti-oxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, modulation of calcium signaling, regulating the cardiovascular function as well as the development and function of skeletal muscle, the retina, and the central nervous system. (lookchem.com)

Duodenal bile acid concentrations were 12.1 ± 5.9 mmol/L, which is too low for efficient lipid absorption. (medscape.com)
The receptor has a central role in fatty acid oxidation, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress. (hindawi.com)

It should be noted that liver disease can dramatically alter this pattern of recirculation - for instance, sick hepatocytes have decreased ability to extract bile acids from portal blood and damage to the canalicular system can result in escape of bile acids into the systemic circulation. (digitalnaturopath.com)

C 4 H 8 O 3 , any of the acids present in the urine, esp. (unboundmedicine.com)

Two enzymes catalyze the reactions leading to bile acid amidation. (medscape.com)
I just started taking these and wow I got so much energy after my meals food never gave me energy you must drink a lot of water they are strong they have all you need in them stomach acid, probioctics, enzymes and much more and most of all inexpensive! (allstarhealth.com)
Our work involves characterization of a group of acyl-CoA thioesterase enzymes, that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH). (avhandlingar.se)
Seventeen enzymes convert cholesterol into bile acids, which are transformed into bile salts by the association with Na + or K + ions. (frontiersin.org)
C 20 H 32 O 2 , an omega-6 fatty acid formed by the action of enzymes on phospholipids in cell membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)

We investigated the effect of treatment with cyclosporin on serum conjugated bile acids in patients with chronic hepatitis developing after heart transplantation. (nih.gov)
The occurrence of hepatitis in patients on cyclosporin led to an increase in serum lithocholate and primary bile acid concentrations. (nih.gov)
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Human Folic acid (FA) in samples from serum, plasma. (wlsolutions.be)
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Folic acid in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (wlsolutions.be)
Some serum bile acid levels themselves are low. (medscape.com)

In normal individuals, additional administration of moderate quantities of bile acids or salts by mouth has no demonstrable effect, since there are enough bile salts present in the intestinal lumen to carry out all the absorptive functions. (digitalnaturopath.com)
Any of the complex acids that occur as salts in bile, e.g., cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic acids. (unboundmedicine.com)

The metabolites creatine , nicotinic acid , prostaglandin E2, and cholic acid were identified and validated as phenotypic biomarkers of gentamicin induced toxicity. (rsc.org)
Ingestion of avocados also resulted in a greater production of short-chain fatty acid postbiotic metabolites. (essentialformulas.com)

Within the intestines the primary bile acids are acted upon by bacteria and converted to the secondary bile acids, identified as deoxycholate (from cholate) and lithocholate (from chenodeoxycholate). (digitalnaturopath.com)

Cellulose, silica, stearic acid (vegetable source), magnesium stearate (vegetable source) croscarmellose sodium and pharmaceutical glaze. (gosupps.com)

felodipine increases toxicity of cholic acid by decreasing elimination. (medscape.com)

In humans, roughly 500 mg of cholesterol are converted to bile acids and eliminated in bile every day. (digitalnaturopath.com)
What are the primary bile acids in humans? (topgradeapp.com)

Free cholesterol is virtually insoluble in aqueous solutions, but in bile, it is made soluble by bile acids and lipids like lethicin. (digitalnaturopath.com)

The CA diet increased hepatic triglycerides and the synbiotic diet in combination with CA normalized liver triglyceride concentration accompanied by suppression of hepatic fatty acid synthase expression, enhancement of fecal triglyceride excretion, and increase in fecal non-12Î±OH BA excretion. (ifiscollections.org)
Involved in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver. (drugbank.com)

Cholane, ethanesulfonic acid deriv. (easychem.org)

Hepatic biochemical tests and total bile acid concentration were determined on fasting blood samples. (nih.gov)

Bile contains bile acids, which are critical for digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. (digitalnaturopath.com)

Cholic acid Open in another window Figure Cholic acid 6 cytotoxicity characterization. (iah2010.org)

Additional research is needed to characterize the biological importance of amino acids in the Mn exposure-disease continuum, and to determine how to appropriately utilize and interpret metabolomics data collected from occupational cohorts. (cdc.gov)

Secondary bile acids: an underrecognized cause of colon cancer. (essentialformulas.com)

Assay of systemic levels of bile acids is used clinically as a sensitive indicator of hepatic disease. (digitalnaturopath.com)

It commonly exists in the form of free amino acids in various tissues of animals, but not goes into proteins without combination. (lookchem.com)
It is a building block of proteins, participates in the citric acid and urea cycles, and is a neurotransmitter. (unboundmedicine.com)
In this scholarly study, the targeted TAA is normally carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), known as CEACAM5 also, and referred Cholic acid to as an oncofetal proteins in colorectal cancers50 originally. (iah2010.org)

Glutamic acid. (unboundmedicine.com)

In 1997, we first described in a preliminary report a defect in bile acid amidation in a 14-year-old boy with fat malabsorption and fat-soluble vitamin deficiency. (medscape.com)
ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (unboundmedicine.com)

Molecular Pockets Derived from Cholic Acid as Chemosensors for Metal Ions. (mpg.de)

Inulin improved the intestinal microenvironment by significantly upregulating the abundance of Lactobacillus and Monoglobus and promoted short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. (bvsalud.org)

Once a gallbladder is removed it is important to be on bile acid supplements. (digitalnaturopath.com)

C 7 H 6 O 2 , a white crystalline acid having a slight odor. (unboundmedicine.com)

These are referred to as the primary bile acids. (digitalnaturopath.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms4

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis. (1/800)

A new bile acid conjugate, ciliatocholic acid, from bovine gall bladder bile. (2/800)

Microbiological degradation of bile acids. Nitrogenous hexahydroindane derivatives formed from cholic acid by Streptomyces rubescens. (3/800)

Microbiological degradation of bile acids. The conjugation of a certain cholic acid metabolite with amino acids in Corynebacterium equi. (4/800)

Identification of protein components of the microsomal glucose 6-phosphate transporter by photoaffinity labelling. (5/800)

Development of a simple and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus core antigen. (6/800)

The identification of specific high density lipoprotein3 binding sites on human blood monocytes using fluorescence-labeled ligand. (7/800)

Formation of hyodeoxycholic acid from muricholic acid and hyocholic acid by an unidentified gram-positive rod termed HDCA-1 isolated from rat intestinal microflora. (8/800)

Cholic Acid

Cholic Acids

Chenodeoxycholic Acid

Bile Acids and Salts

Deoxycholic Acid

Bile

Cholestanols

Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase

Lithocholic Acid

Glycocholic Acid

Enterohepatic Circulation

Cholestanes

Eubacterium

Xanthomatosis

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase

Steroid Hydroxylases

Liver

Cholesterol

Cholelithiasis

Taurocholic Acid

Gallbladder

Cholestyramine Resin

Taurine

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Cholestenones

Cholesterol, Dietary

Cholanes

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Valerates

Iodipamide

Feces

Dehydrocholic Acid

Sterols

Cholates

Norsteroids

Cholestasis

Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase

Hydroxylation

Microsomes, Liver

Chromatography, Thin Layer

Indenes

Apazone

Chromatography, Gas

Pregnenes

Sulfobromophthalein

Griseofulvin

Glycodeoxycholic Acid

Clostridium

Biliary Fistula

Taurodeoxycholic Acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid

3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)

Kinetics

Cholestasis, Intrahepatic

Coenzyme A Ligases

Carbon Radioisotopes

Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear

Radioisotope Dilution Technique

Cholagogues and Choleretics

Micelles

Tritium

Sitosterols

Arthrobacter

Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases

Microbodies

Bile Canaliculi

Mesocricetus

Liver Diseases

Pantothenic Acid

Isotope Labeling

Hydroxycholesterols

Lipids

Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis. (1/800)

A new bile acid conjugate, ciliatocholic acid, from bovine gall bladder bile. (2/800)

Microbiological degradation of bile acids. Nitrogenous hexahydroindane derivatives formed from cholic acid by Streptomyces rubescens. (3/800)

Microbiological degradation of bile acids. The conjugation of a certain cholic acid metabolite with amino acids in Corynebacterium equi. (4/800)

Identification of protein components of the microsomal glucose 6-phosphate transporter by photoaffinity labelling. (5/800)

Development of a simple and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus core antigen. (6/800)

The identification of specific high density lipoprotein3 binding sites on human blood monocytes using fluorescence-labeled ligand. (7/800)