AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and Occupations
Deoxycholic AcidCholic AcidCholic AcidsBile Acids and SaltsChenodeoxycholic AcidDrug InteractionsLithocholic AcidCholestasisIsoxazolesReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearMyrsinaceaeBileCholestanolsProteomics
Deoxycholic Acid
A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent.
Cholic Acid
A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.
Cholic Acids
The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.
Bile Acids and Salts
Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid
A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.
Drug Interactions
The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.
Lithocholic Acid
A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).
Isoxazoles
Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.
Myrsinaceae
A plant family of the order Primulales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.
Bile
An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.
Cholestanols
Cholestanes substituted in any position with one or more hydroxy groups. They are found in feces and bile. In contrast to bile acids and salts, they are not reabsorbed.
Proteomics
The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

An allosteric synthetic DNA. (1/334)

Allosteric DNA oligonucleotides are potentially useful diagnostic reagents. Here we develop a model system for the study of allosteric interactions in DNAs. A DNA that binds either Cibacron blue or cholic acid was isolated and partially characterized. Isolation was performed using a multi-stage SELEX. First, short oligos that bind either Cibacron blue or cholic acid were enriched from random oligonucleotide pools. Then, members of the two pools were fused to form longer oligos, which were then selected for theability to bind Cibacron blue columns and elute with cholic acid. One resulting isolate (A22) was studied. Dye- and cholate-binding functions can be separated on sequences from the 5'- and 3'-regions, respectively. Ligand-column affinity assays indicate that each domain binds only its respective ligand. However, the full-length A22 will bind either dye or cholate columns and elute with the other ligand, as if binding by the ligands is mutually exclusive. Furthermore, S1 nuclease protection assays show that Cibacron blue causes a structural change in A22 and that cholic acid inhibits this change. This system will be useful for elucidating mechanisms of allosteric interactions in synthetic DNAs.  (+info)

Cholic acid aids absorption, biliary secretion, and phase transitions of cholesterol in murine cholelithogenesis. (2/334)

Cholic acid is a critical component of the lithogenic diet in mice. To determine its pathogenetic roles, we fed chow or 1% cholesterol with or without 0.5% cholic acid to C57L/J male mice, which because of lith genes have 100% gallstone prevalence rates. After 1 yr on the diets, we measured bile flow, biliary lipid secretion rates, hepatic cholesterol and bile salt synthesis, and intestinal cholesterol absorption. After hepatic conjugation with taurine, cholate replaced most tauro-beta-muricholate in bile. Dietary cholic acid plus cholesterol increased bile flow and biliary lipid secretion rates and reduced cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity significantly mostly via deoxycholic acid, cholate's bacterial 7alpha-dehydroxylation product but did not downregulate cholesterol biosynthesis. Intestinal cholesterol absorption doubled, and biliary cholesterol crystallized as phase boundaries shifted. Feeding mice 1% cholesterol alone produced no lithogenic or homeostatic effects. We conclude that in mice cholic acid promotes biliary cholesterol hypersecretion and cholelithogenesis by enhancing intestinal absorption, hepatic bioavailability, and phase separation of cholesterol in bile.  (+info)

Antilithiasic effect of beta-cyclodextrin in LPN hamster: comparison with cholestyramine. (3/334)

Beta-Cyclodextrin (BCD), a cyclic oligosaccharide that binds cholesterol and bile acids in vitro, has been previously shown to be an effective plasma cholesterol lowering agent in hamsters and domestic pigs. This study examined the effects of BCD as compared with cholestyramine on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the LPN hamster model model for cholesterol gallstones. The incidence of cholesterol gallstones was 65% in LPN hamsters fed the lithogenic diet, but decreased linearly with increasing amounts of BCD in the diet to be nil at a dose of 10% BCD. In gallbladder bile, cholesterol, phospholipid and chenodeoxycholate concentrations, hydrophobic and lithogenic indices were all significantly decreased by 10% BCD. Increases in bile acid synthesis (+110%), sterol 27-hydroxylase activity (+106%), and biliary cholate secretion (+140%) were also observed, whereas the biliary secretion of chenodeoxycholate decreased (-43%). The fecal output of chenodeoxycholate and cholate (plus derivatives) was increased by +147 and +64%, respectively, suggesting that BCD reduced the chenodeoxycholate intestinal absorption preferentially. Dietary cholestyramine decreased biliary bile acid concentration and secretion, but dramatically increased the fecal excretion of chenodeoxycholate and cholate plus their derivatives (+328 and +1940%, respectively). In contrast to BCD, the resin increased the lithogenic index in bile, induced black gallstones in 34% of hamsters, and stimulated markedly the activities of HMG-CoA reductase (+670%), sterol 27-hydroxylase (+310%), and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (+390%). Thus, beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) prevented cholesterol gallstone formation by decreasing specifically the reabsorption of chenodeoxycholate, stimulating its biosynthesis and favoring its fecal elimination. BCD had a milder effect on lipid metabolism than cholestyramine and does not predispose animals to black gallstones as cholestyramine does in this animal model.  (+info)

Polyspecific substrate uptake by the hepatic organic anion transporter Oatp1 in stably transfected CHO cells. (4/334)

The rat liver organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp1) has been extensively characterized mainly in the Xenopus laevis expression system as a polyspecific carrier transporting organic anions (bile salts), neutral compounds, and even organic cations. In this study, we extended this characterization using a mammalian expression system and confirm the basolateral hepatic expression of Oatp1 with a new antibody. Besides sulfobromophthalein [Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of approximately 3 microM], taurocholate (Km of approximately 32 microM), and estradiol- 17beta-glucuronide (Km of approximately 4 microM), substrates previously shown to be transported by Oatp1 in transfected HeLa cells, we determined the kinetic parameters for cholate (Km of approximately 54 microM), glycocholate (Km of approximately 54 microM), estrone-3-sulfate (Km of approximately 11 microM), CRC-220 (Km of approximately 57 microM), ouabain (Km of approximately 3,000 microM), and ochratoxin A (Km of approximately 29 microM) in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In addition, three new substrates, taurochenodeoxycholate (Km of approximately 7 microM), tauroursodeoxycholate (Km of approximately 13 microM), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (Km of approximately 5 microM), were also investigated. The results establish the polyspecific nature of Oatp1 in a mammalian expression system and definitely identify conjugated dihydroxy bile salts and steroid conjugates as high-affinity endogenous substrates of Oatp1.  (+info)

Biliary bile acids in primary biliary cirrhosis: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid. (5/334)

Bile acid composition in fasting duodenal bile was assessed at entry and at 2 years in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (10-12 mg/kg/d) taken as a single bedtime dose. Specimens were analyzed by a high-pressure liquid chromatography method that had been validated against gas chromatography. Percent composition in bile (mean +/- SD) for 98 patients at entry for cholic (CA), chenodeoxycholic (CDCA), deoxycholic (DCA), lithocholic (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) acids, respectively, were 57.4 +/- 18.6, 31.5 +/- 15.5, 8.0 +/- 9.3, 0.3 +/- 1.0, and 0.6 +/- 0.9. Values for CA were increased, whereas those for CDCA, DCA, LCA, and UDCA were decreased when compared with values in normal persons. Bile acid composition of the major bile acids did not change after 2 years on placebo medication. By contrast, in patients receiving UDCA for 2 years, bile became enriched with UDCA on average to 40.1%, and significant decreases were noted for CA (to 32.2%) and CDCA (to 19.5%). No change in percent composition was observed for DCA and LCA. Percent composition at entry and changes in composition after 2 years on UDCA were similar in patients with varying severity of PBC. In patients whose bile was not enriched in UDCA (entry and placebo-treated specimens), CA, CDCA, DCA, and the small amount of UDCA found in some of these specimens were conjugated to a greater extent with glycine (52%-64%) than with taurine (36%-48%). Treatment with UDCA caused the proportion of all endogenous bile acids conjugated with glycine to increase to 69% to 78%, while the proportion conjugated with taurine (22%-31%) fell (P <.05). Administered UDCA was also conjugated predominantly with glycine (87%).  (+info)

Fecal steroid excretion is increased in rats by oral administration of gymnemic acids contained in Gymnema sylvestre leaves. (6/334)

Gymnemic acids are the saponins with a triterpenoid structure contained in Gymnema sylvestre leaves and have the hypoglycemic effects. In spite of the cholesterol-binding properties of saponins, the effect of gymnemic acids on cholesterol metabolism has not been elucidated to date. We investigated the effects of gymnemic acids on fecal steroid excretion in rats. Three kinds of extracts from Gymnema sylvestre leaves, extract (GSE), acid precipitate (GSA) and column fractionate (GSF), of which the gymnemagenin (an aglycone of gymnemic acids) concentrations are 58.87, 161.6, and 363.3 mg/g respectively, were used for the experiments. These were administered to rats orally at the dose of 0.05-1.0 g/kg for 22 d. Rats were given free access to water and nonpurified diet without cholesterol, and the differences in fecal excretion of steroids and gymnemic acids were investigated. Although there were no significant effects of GSE, GSA and GSF decreased body weight gain and food intakes in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). GSF (1.0 g/kg) significantly increased fecal excretion of neutral steroids and bile acids in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), especially those of cholesterol and cholic acid (CA)-derived bile acids. The increases in fecal steroid excretion of cholesterol, total neutral steroids, total bile acids and CA-related bile acids were acute and significantly correlated with fecal gymnemagenin levels (r2 = 0.2316-0.9861, P < 0. 05). These results demonstrated for the first time that a high dose of gymnemic acids increases fecal cholesterol and CA-derived bile acid excretion. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of gymnemic acids on cholesterol metabolism.  (+info)

Structure, evolution, and liver-specific expression of sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase P450 (CYP8B). (7/334)

The rat CYP8B cDNA encoding sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase was cloned and sequenced. The amino acid sequence of the heme-binding region of CYP8B was close to those of CYP7A (cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase) and CYP7B (oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase). Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that CYP8B and the CYP7 family derive from a common ancestor. The P450s of the CYP7 and CYP8 families, except for CYP8A (prostacyclin synthase), catalyze the oxygenation of sterols from an alpha surface in the middle of the steroid skeleton. These facts suggest that CYP8B is a P450 closely linked to those of the CYP7 family. CYP8B was expressed specifically in liver. Hepatic CYP8B mRNA level and the 12alpha-hydroxylase activity were altered by cholestyramine feeding, starvation, streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, and administration of clofibrate, dexamethasone or thyroxin, indicating the pretranslational regulation of CYP8B expression. The enhanced CYP8B mRNA expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was significantly decreased by insulin within 3 h of its administration. These facts demonstrate a regulatory role of insulin in CYP8B expression as a suppressor.  (+info)

Gallstone formation and gallbladder mucosal changes in mice fed a lithogenic diet. (8/334)

To investigate the pathologic change of gallbladder mucosa related to gallstone formation, 52 mice were fed a lithogenic diet containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid and we evaluated the sequential morphologic changes in the gallbladder from two days to 40 weeks. Cholesterol gallstones began to appear after two weeks and all the mice had gallstones after eight weeks. At two days, the mitotic index was at its highest. The gallbladder mucosa showed progressive hyperplastic change with earlier papillary projection of the folds and later inward proliferation. At the same time of stone formation, mucous cells forming glands appeared. Their histochemical profile of mucin was different from that of normal epithelium. Numbers of mucous cells increased gradually until 24 weeks but slightly decreased afterward. These results suggest hyperplasia and metaplasia are closely related to the gallstone formation. Hyperplasia is probably reactive to irritating effect of lithogenic bile or stone. Metaplasia and cholesterol gallstone may develop simultaneously, and act synergistically.  (+info)

Cholic acid 81-25-4, Information for Cholic acid 81-25-4, Suppliers of Cholic acid 81-25-4Cholic acid 81-25-4, Information for Cholic acid 81-25-4, Suppliers of Cholic acid 81-25-4
Information for Cholic acid 81-25-4 including Cholic acid CAS NO 81-25-4, Cholic acid Suppliers, Cholic acid Manufacturers, related products of Cholic acid.
http://chemnet.com/Global/Products/Cholic-Acid/Suppliers-0-0.html
cholic acid - WellSpan Health Librarycholic acid - WellSpan Health Library
Cholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are produced naturally in the body to aid in digestion of fats and certain nutrients. People with bile acid disorders are unable to produce cholic acid normally. This can make it harder for the body to absorb nutrients important for health, growth, and body functioning. Abnormal...
http://www.wellspan.org/health-library/Document.aspx?id=d07574a1
Global Cholic Acid Market 2019 Industry Forecast Report to 2025Global Cholic Acid Market 2019 Industry Forecast Report to 2025
Global Cholic Acid Market Report gives latest insights that includes market sales, share and growth in key regions for their top manufacturers with forecast research for the Cholic Acid Industry.
https://www.decisiondatabases.com/ip/1699-cholic-acid-industry-market-report
CHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%) - Creative ProteomicsCHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%) - Creative Proteomics
Creative-Proteomics offer cas 81-25-4 CHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%). We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.
https://www.creative-proteomics.com/product/detail-cpil105771_30695.htm
Anhui Three Stone Glass Tech. Co.,Ltd. - Feed grade Cholesterol for aquatic feedAnhui Three Stone Glass Tech. Co.,Ltd. - Feed grade Cholesterol for aquatic feed
Send Inquiry to Anhui Three Stone Glass Tech. Co.,Ltd. - We are leading Manufacturer of Feed grade Cholesterol for aquatic feed, cholic acid feed grade cholic acid, Pharmaceutical Intermediates, Cholesterol from Suzhou City China.
http://www.indianyellowpages.com/anhui-chem-bright-bioengineering-co-ltd/
Cholic acidCholic acid
History The rodent magic size can be used to review cosmetic nerve injury commonly. practical deficit subsequent cosmetic nerve repair and transection inside a rodent magic size. Strategies Adult rats had been split into group 1 (settings) and group 2 (experimental). Group 1 pets underwent mind fixation accompanied by a cosmetic nerve damage and functional Read More. ...
http://www.techblessing.com/tag/cholic-acid/
Cholic (definition) by Webster 1913 - Everything2.comCholic (definition) by Webster 1913 - Everything2.com
Cholic (?), Cho*linic (?), a. [Gr. , from bile.] Physiology|Physiol. Chemistry|Chem. Pertaining to, or obtained from, the bi...
https://everything2.com/user/Webster+1913/writeups/Cholic
Cholic acid and deoxycholic acid Drug Interactions - Drugs.comCholic acid and deoxycholic acid Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
View drug interactions between cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. These medicines may also interact with certain foods or diseases.
https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/cholic-acid-with-deoxycholic-acid-3616-0-3619-0.html
8 feet acetic acid hose8 feet acetic acid hose
Cholic acid, also known as 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water (soluble in alcohol and acetic acid), it is a white crystalline substance.Salts of cholic acid are called cholates.Cholic acid, along with chenodeoxycholic acid, is one of the two major bile acids produced by the liver, where it is synthesized from cholesterol.. Get Price ...
https://www.senseofmotionpilates.co.za/2019/01/14-31779.html
DiVA - Search resultDiVA - Search result
27-Hydroxycholesterol (27OH) is a strong suppressor of cholesterol synthesis and a weak activator of LXR in vitro. The regulatory importance of 27OH in vivo is controversial. Here we utilized male mice with increased levels of 27OH either due to increased production (CYP27A1 transgenic mice) or reduced metabolism (Cyp7b1-/- mice). We also used mice lacking 27OH due to a knockout of Cyp27a1. The latter mice were treated with cholic acid to compensate for reduced bile acid synthesis. The effects of the different levels of 27OH on Srebp- and other LXR-regulated genes in the liver were investigated. In the liver of CYP27tg mice we found a modest increase of the mRNA levels corresponding to the LXR target genes Cyp7b1 and Abca1. A number of other LXR-regulated genes were not affected. The effect on Abca1 mRNA was not seen in the liver of Cyp7b1-/- mice. There were little or no effects on cholesterol synthesis. In the liver of the Cyp27-/- mice treated with 0.025% cholic acid there was no significant ...
http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/resultList.jsf?searchType=ORGANISATION&language=en&onlyFullText=false&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22organisationId%22%3A%22751%22%7D%5D%5D
Plus itPlus it
Chemicals. [2,4-3H]cholic acid (24.5 Ci/mmol) was purchased from Amersham Biosciences (Piscataway, NJ). Folic acid, cholic acid (sodium salt), pyrimethamine, etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and probenecid were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). MK571 was obtained from Merck Frosst Canada (Kirkland, PQ, Canada), prostaglandin A1 from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI), calcein AM from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR), and G-418 from Calbiochem-Novabiochem (San Diego, CA).. Tissue Culture. A clonal subline (C11) of CHO AA8 cells was subjected to stepwise selection with increasing concentrations of pyrimethamine, resulting in the establishment of PyrR100 cells as described previously (Assaraf and Slotky, 1993). Parental CHO AA8 cells and their PyrR100 subline were maintained as monolayer cultures at 37°C in RPMI-1640 medium containing 5% fetal calf serum (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), 2.3 μM folic acid, supplemented with 2 mM glutamine, 100 μg/ml penicillin/streptomycin, and 1 mM ...
http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/64/2/220
Cholic ProductsCholic Products
Listing your company & products in Poulvet.com Vetproducts Directory allows buyers to find your information through our directory pages which appear in the top positions when a search is conducted in Google, Yahoo!, MSN etc ...
http://www.poulvet.com/vetproducts/indication_products.php?prefix=S&did=56
Plus itPlus it
Abstract Recent studies indicate an important role for nuclear receptors in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, fibrosis and inflammation. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. FXR is highly expressed in the liver, intestine, adrenal gland and kidney. The primary bile acids are the highest affinity endogenous ligands for FXR. The effects of FXR agonists in diabetic kidney disease, the main cause of end stage renal disease, however have not been determined. To identify the effect of FXR activation in modulation of diabetic nephropathy, we have treated 1) C57BL/6J mice on low fat diet or high fat diet with FXR agonists (GW4064 or cholic acid) for one week; 2) C57BLKS/J-db/db mice and their lean mates with GW4064 for one week; and 3) C57BL/6J-db/db mice and their lean mates with cholic acid for 12 weeks. We found that FXR agonists modulate renal SREBP-1 expression and lipid metabolism, as well as renal expression of profibrotic growth factors, ...
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2007/08/07/db06-1642
Hydrogen bonding asymmetric star-shape derivative of bile acid leads to supramolecular fibrillar aggregates that wrap into...Hydrogen bonding asymmetric star-shape derivative of bile acid leads to supramolecular fibrillar aggregates that wrap into...
We report that star-shaped molecules with cholic acid cores asymmetrically grafted by low molecular weight polymers with hydrogen bonding end-groups undergo aggregation to nanofibers, which subsequently wrap into micrometer spherical aggregates with low density cores. Therein the facially amphiphilic cholic acid (CA) is functionalized by four flexible allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) side chains, which are terminated with hydrogen bonding 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UPy) end-groups as connected by hexyl spacers, denoted as CA(AGE6-C6H12-UPy)4. This wedge-shaped molecule is expected to allow the formation of a rich variety of solvent-dependent structures due to the complex interplay of interactions, enabled by its polar/nonpolar surface-active structure, the hydrophobicity of the CA in aqueous medium, and the possibility to control hydrogen bonding between UPy molecules by solvent selection. In DMSO, the surfactant-like CA(AGE6-C6H12-UPy)4 self-assembles into nanometer scale micelles, as expected due ...
https://research.aalto.fi/fi/publications/hydrogen-bonding-asymmetric-starshape-derivative-of-bile-acid-leads-to-supramolecular-fibrillar-aggregates-that-wrap-into-micrometer-spheres
chenodeoxycholic | Acid Reflux Disease Remedychenodeoxycholic | Acid Reflux Disease Remedy
Bile acid in the stomach plays a key role in the digestion of food in the small intestine. Two chief bile acids produced in the body include chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid. These acids assist in the creation of micelles, which aids in breaking down dietary fat, and is integral for the digestion of fat in the small intestine. Bile acid is a fluid secreted by the hepatocytes that flows into the canaliculi. From the canaliculi, it reaches the bile ducts, and is then transferred to the gall bladder where it is concentrated with time and the addition of other bodily fluids. Bile acids are derived from the cholesterol inside of the hepatocytem, and are made up of hydrophilic or polar faces and lipid or hydrophobic faces. Cholesterol gets converted into chenodeoxycholic and cholic acids, which are two forms of bile acid. These are combined with amino acids and released into the canaliculi. This combined nature of bile acids enables them to perform two of the most important functions in the ...
http://blog.refluxremedy.com/tag/chenodeoxycholic/
Deoxycholic Acid - Sodium Deoxycholate Summary | CureHunter MobileDeoxycholic Acid - Sodium Deoxycholate Summary | CureHunter Mobile
Description: A bile acid formed by bacterial action from cholate. It is usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. Deoxycholic acid acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, is reabsorbed itself, and is used as a choleretic and detergent ...
http://www.curehunter.com/m/keywordSummaryD003840.do
CBST 2010 Internship - CBST WebsiteCBST 2010 Internship - CBST Website
The designing, synthesizing and screening of one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial chemistry libraries against a single target ligand has been well developed. Recently, novel cholesterol/peptide hybrid combinatorial One-Bead-One-Compound (OBOC) combinatorial libraries have been developed and synthesized with self folding capabilities. The library design strategy was based on a similar pentamer and hexamer self-folding branched tricylic libraries previously developed. The cholic acid on the side chain of the carboxyl lysine is believed to interact with fixed hydrophobic amino acids at the amino-termini (position 5) of the twin branched L-amino acid arms and self-fold into a tricyclic molecule. The newly synthesized library has arginine (R) and Lysine (K) down-proportioned to 10 % for each position to decrease the probability of positive charge nonspecific binding. Thirty L-, D-, and unnatural amino acids were used in each position as building blocks. Hydrophobicity was fixed at position 5 ...
http://www.cbst.ucdavis.edu/educa/undergraduate/summer-internship-for-undergraduate-students/cbst-2011-internship
Comus: A Mask - John Milton - Google BooksComus: A Mask - John Milton - Google Books
Mac. Now. pray, ladies, take your places. Here, fellow [Pays the harper.\ Bid the drawer bring us more wine. [Exit harper.] If any of the ladies chuse gin, I hope they will be so free to call for it.. Jen. You look as if you meant me. Wine is strong enough for me. Indeed, sir, I never drink strong waters but when I have the cholic.. Mac. Just the excuse of the fine ladies! why, a lady of quality is never without the cholic. I hope, Mrs. Coaxer, you have had good success of late in your visits among the mercers. 192. Coax. We have so many interlopers; yet with industry one may still have a little picking. I carried a silver-flowered lutestring and a piece of black pade. soy to Mr. Peachums lock but last week.. Fix. Theres Molly Brazen hath the ogle of a rattle-snake: she riveted a linen-drapers eye so fast upon her, that he was nicked of three pieces of cambric before he could look off. 200. Braz. Oh, dear Madam! But sure nothing can. come up to your handling of laces; and then you have such a ...
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=T04JAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA4-PA51&vq=pleasure&dq=editions:OXFORD600077009&output=html_text&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1
Cyclosporin A blocks bile acid synthesis in cultured hepatocytes by specific inhibition of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis |...Cyclosporin A blocks bile acid synthesis in cultured hepatocytes by specific inhibition of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis |...
Bile acid synthesis, determined by conversion of [4-14C]cholesterol into bile acids in rat and human hepatocytes and by measurement of mass production of bile acids in rat hepatocytes, was dose-dependently decreased by cyclosporin A, with 52% (rat) and 45% (human) inhibition of 10 microM. The decreased bile acid production in rat hepatocytes was due only to a fall in the synthesis of beta-muricholic and chenodeoxycholic acids (-64% at 10 microM-cyclosporin A), with no change in the formation of cholic acid. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol was potently inhibited by the drug (concn. giving half-maximal inhibition = 4 microM). These results suggest that cyclosporin A blocks the alternative pathway in bile acid synthesis, which leads preferentially to the formation of chenodeoxycholic acid. ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/275/2/501
The Gastric Bypass Pill | April 19, 2010 Issue - Vol. 88 Issue 16 | Chemical & Engineering NewsThe Gastric Bypass Pill | April 19, 2010 Issue - Vol. 88 Issue 16 | Chemical & Engineering News
While screening bile acid derivatives to find a suitable TGR5 agonist, Pellicciari and his colleagues discovered the importance of two alkyl moieties on the steroid scaffold. They also noted that the bile acid cholic acid can reverse diabetes in obese mice at extremely high doses. By incorporating the pair of slight alkyl modifications into cholic acids side chain and b ring, they developed a potent drug candidate, INT-777, which is entering clinical trials as a treatment for diabetes. It was developed in collaboration with Johan Auwerx and his team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne (J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 7958).. ...
https://cen.acs.org/articles/88/i16/Gastric-Bypass-Pill.html
Altered Bile Acid Metabolism during Treatment with Phenobarbitone | Clinical Science | Portland PressAltered Bile Acid Metabolism during Treatment with Phenobarbitone | Clinical Science | Portland Press
1. The effects of phenobarbitone on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism have been examined in healthy humans.. 2. In three of four subjects the faecal excretion of bile acids was increased by phenobarbitone. This was associated with an increased pool size and turnover of cholic acid. Cholesterol excretion was not clearly affected. The fourth subject who did not respond was also exceptional in not showing an increase in the plasma clearance of antipyrine.. 3. The three responsive subjects also developed significant increases in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. These findings were associated with an early rise in very-low-density lipoprotein and a fall in plasma cholesterol specific radioactivity in one patient, changes compatible with increased cholesterol synthesis. ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/45/2/257/69768/Altered-Bile-Acid-Metabolism-during-Treatment-with?redirectedFrom=fulltext
教員情報 - 小室 晃彦 | 新潟薬科大学教員情報 - 小室 晃彦 | 新潟薬科大学
A study of the structural requirements of cholic acid derivatives as liver X receptor (LXR) ligands was performed. A model of cholenamide derivative 1 complexed with LXR showed that the C24 carbonyl oxygen forms a hydrogen bond with His435 located close to Trp457. The N,N-dimethyl group is located in a hydrophobic pocket. Based on these data, we designed compounds with high affinity for LXRs. Cholenamide derivatives 1-11 were synthesized from 3β-acetyl-Δ5-cholenic acid 20, and lactams 12-19 were synthesized from alcohol 25. Tertiary amides 3 and 4 showed higher activity in reporter assays, and compounds with hydrophobic residues exhibited the highest activity of all derivatives. The stereochemistry at C23 was found to be an important determinant of EC50 and gene transactivation, as each isomer exhibited different activity ...
https://gyouseki.nupals.ac.jp/nuphp/KgApp?detlId=22&detlUid=ymidyygdggy&detlSeq=15
Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c<...Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c. AU - Watanabe, Mitsuhiro. AU - Houten, Sander M.. AU - Wang, Li. AU - Moschetta, Antonio. AU - Mangelsdorf, David J.. AU - Heyman, Richard A.. AU - Moore, David D.. AU - Auwerx, Johan. PY - 2004/1/1. Y1 - 2004/1/1. N2 - We explored the effects of bile acids on triglyceride (TG) homeostasis using a combination of molecular, cellular, and animal models. Cholic acid (CA) prevents hepatic TG accumulation, VLDL secretion, and elevated serum TG in mouse models of hypertriglyceridemia. At the molecular level, CA decreases hepatic expression of SREBP-1c and its lipogenic target genes. Through the use of mouse mutants for the short heterodimer partner (SHP) and liver X receptor (LXR) α and β, we demonstrate the critical dependence of the reduction of SREBP-1c expression by either natural or synthetic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists on both SHP and LXRα and LXRβ. These results suggest that ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/bile-acids-lower-triglyceride-levels-via-a-pathway-involving-fxr--2
Hematopoietically expressed homeobox is a target gene of farnesoid X receptor in chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver...Hematopoietically expressed homeobox is a target gene of farnesoid X receptor in chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver...
Xing, X., Burgermeister, E., Geisler, F., Einwächter, H., Fan, L., Hiber, M., Rauser, S., Walch, A., Röcken, C., Ebeling, M., Wright, M. B., Schmid, R. M. and Ebert, M. P.A. (2009), Hematopoietically expressed homeobox is a target gene of farnesoid X receptor in chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver hypertrophy. Hepatology, 49: 979-988. doi: 10.1002/hep.22712 ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.22712/suppinfo
US5238917A - High-absorbable transvaginal preparation containing biologically active polypeptide - Google PatentsUS5238917A - High-absorbable transvaginal preparation containing biologically active polypeptide - Google Patents
A high-absorbable transvaginal preparation having excellent absorbability of the active ingredient, which comprises a biologically active polypeptide and an absorption promoter comprising a polyoxyethylenealkylphenyl ether and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of an N-acylamino acid, cholic acids, pectic acid, taurine, saccharin, glycyrrhizic acid, aspartame, or a salt thereof.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US5238917
DEOXYCHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%) - Creative ProteomicsDEOXYCHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%) - Creative Proteomics
Creative-Proteomics offer cas 83-44-3 DEOXYCHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%). We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.
https://www.creative-proteomics.com/product/detail-cpil103309_34330.htm
Bile Acid Synthesis Defect Deletion and Duplication Panel | Genetic Testing Lab | DNA Analysis | DDC Clinic LaboratoryBile Acid Synthesis Defect Deletion and Duplication Panel | Genetic Testing Lab | DNA Analysis | DDC Clinic Laboratory
Bile acid synthesis defects may manifest in the neonatal period or later. This panel is specifically designed to cover the genes which lead to neonatal or infantile onset of symptoms. The Jaundice NGS Panel is an option for those cases which present with jaundice and an unclear cause.
https://www.ddccliniclab.org/test/detail/bile-acid-synthesis-defect-deletion-and-duplication-panel
Lipid Metabolism sub-cluster 72Lipid Metabolism sub-cluster 72
Using deoxycholic acid as starting materials, a series of 12a-aza-C-homo-12-one 7-deoxycholic acid derivatives were synthesized The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds against some carcinoma cell lines was investigated. The results showed that some 12-oxy-12a-aza-C-homo-7-deoxycholic acid derivatives displayed distinct cytotoxicity to HeLa (human cervical carcinoma) and Tu 686 (laryngocarcinoma) tumor ...
http://www.biomedsearch.com/cluster/14/Lipid-Metabolism/sub-72.html
Woman gets answers, life back after digestive issues - Mayo Clinic Health SystemWoman gets answers, life back after digestive issues - Mayo Clinic Health System
Read about Lynda Rassbachs journey to diagnoses of bile acid absorption and ulcerative colitis, and how answers and treatments she got restored her freedom.
https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/patient-stories/woman-gets-answers-life-back-after-distressing-digestive-issues
Influence of Deoxycholic Acid on Biliary Lipids in Man | Clinical Science | Portland PressInfluence of Deoxycholic Acid on Biliary Lipids in Man | Clinical Science | Portland Press
1. The duodenal bile acid composition was analysed in 24 control subjects and 107 patients with various types of hyperlipoproteinaemia. A highly significant negative correlation was observed between the proportions of deoxycholic acid and cholic acid as well as between deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. Patients with gall-bladder disease had an increased proportion of deoxycholic acid in their bile.. 2. Eight control subjects were studied before and during the ingestion of 1·9 mmol (0·75 g) of deoxycholic acid daily. In these subjects a rise in the proportion of deoxycholic acid was also accompanied by a fall in the proportion of both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in duodenal bile.. 3. The biliary lipid composition and cholesterol saturation was determined before and during the administration of 1·9 mmol (0·75 g) of chenodeoxycholic acid (n = 12) or deoxycholic acid (n = 8) daily for 3-4 weeks. The cholesterol saturation was decreased during the chenodeoxycholic acid ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/53/3/249/72236/Influence-of-Deoxycholic-Acid-on-Biliary-Lipids-in
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA (HMDB0006292)Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA (HMDB0006292)
Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA is bile acid Coenzyme A ester. In humans, bile acids conjugated with glycine and taurine are the major solutes in bile, and unconjugated bile acids are almost nondetectable in normal bile. Conjugated bile acids are less toxic and are more efficient promoters of intestinal absorption of dietary lipid than unconjugated bile acids. The synthesis of bile acid and amino acid conjugates in human liver is the result of two independent enzymatic reactions with a bile acid coenzyme A thioester intermediate formation of bile acid-CoA esters, considered the rate-limiting step in bile acid amidation and catalyzed by an ATP-dependent microsomal enzyme, bile acid-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.7). In the second reaction, the thioester bond is cleaved, and an amide bond is formed between the bile acid and the amino acids glycine or taurine. The bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.65) catalyzes this reaction in the cytosol prior to secretion into bile. In human liver the ...
http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0006292
Study of Bile Acids in Patients With Peroxisomal Disorders - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govStudy of Bile Acids in Patients With Peroxisomal Disorders - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
PROTOCOL OUTLINE: Patients receive oral cholic acid and oral chenodeoxycholic acid on day 1. On day 4, patients receive oral cholic and ursodeoxycholic acids. Patients are assessed at 3 and 6 months for liver function response, neurologic status, and nutritional status.. Patients receive treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects are observed.. Completion date provided represents the completion date of the grant per OOPD records ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00004442?recr=Open&cond=%22Adrenoleukodystrophy%22&rank=6
Phospholipids and bile acids as diffusional carriers of Na+ across nonpolar media - Accatino - 1988 - Hepatology - Wiley Online...Phospholipids and bile acids as diffusional carriers of Na+ across nonpolar media - Accatino - 1988 - Hepatology - Wiley Online...
Phospholipids and bile acids, by virtue of their amphiphilic properties, can interact in nonpolar media forming inverted structures (micelles) which presumably have an hydrophilic core and might act as diffusional carriers (ionophores) of electrolytes across low dielectric constant media or lipid membranes.. The Na+ ionophoretic capability of various purified phospholipids and the modulating effects of bile acids and phospatidylcholine was examined by: (a) measurement of 22Na+ partition into the organic phase (chloroform) of a two-phase system and (b) direct measurement of the translocation of 22Na+ across a bulk chloroform phase separating two aqueous phases in a Pressman cell. All phospholipids tested, except for phosphatidylcholine, showed ionophoretic capability for Na+ at micromolar concentrations. Cardiolipin and phosphatidylserine were the most efficient Na+ carriers, comparable with monensin, an established Na+ ionophore. In contrast, cholic acid as well as other bile acids ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.1840080432/abstract
Abstract 392: Loss of SHP Protects LDLRKO from Diet-induced Hypercholesterolemia | CirculationAbstract 392: Loss of SHP Protects LDLRKO from Diet-induced Hypercholesterolemia | Circulation
CYP7A1 encodes the rate limiting enzyme for the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. Several studies have demonstrated that elevated expression of CYP7A1 confers protection from hypercholesterolemia. CYP7A1 expression is regulated by two nuclear receptors, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and small heterodimer (SHP). Here we demonstrate that although FXR−/ − and SHP−/ − mice have similarly elevated levels of CYP7A1, FXR−/ − mice have elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and serum markers of hepatic inflammation whereas the SHP−/ − mice do not. This suggestion of a beneficial lipid effect of the loss of SHP was confirmed in a cholesterol/cholic acid diet model, in which SHP−/ − mice were strongly protected form diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hepatic inflammation. To examine the effects of the loss of SHP in a model relevant to human dyslipidemia, we generated LDLR−/ −SHP−/ − mice. The LDLR−/ −SHP−/ − mice were highly resistant to Western ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/116/Suppl_16/II_62.4
OpenEmory | Search ResultsOpenEmory | Search Results
The classical functions of bile acids include acting as detergents to facilitate the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut. In addition, bile acids also act as signaling molecules to regulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. The signaling potential of bile acids in compartments such as the systemic circulation is regulated in part by an efficient enterohepatic circulation that functions to conserve and channel the pool of bile acids within the intestinal and hepatobiliary compartments. Changes in hepatobiliary and intestinal bile acid transport can alter the composition, size, and distribution of the bile acid pool. These alterations in turn can have significant effects on bile acid signaling and their downstream metabolic targets. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the inter-relationship between the enterohepatic cycling of bile acids and the metabolic consequences of signaling via bile acid-activated receptors, such as ...
https://open.library.emory.edu/publications/search/?keywords=acid&keywords=activ&keywords=regulatori&keywords=glucagon&keywords=solut&journal=Acta+Pharmaceutica+Sinica+B&subject=Health+Sciences%2C+General&keywords=box
OpenEmory | Search ResultsOpenEmory | Search Results
The classical functions of bile acids include acting as detergents to facilitate the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut. In addition, bile acids also act as signaling molecules to regulate glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. The signaling potential of bile acids in compartments such as the systemic circulation is regulated in part by an efficient enterohepatic circulation that functions to conserve and channel the pool of bile acids within the intestinal and hepatobiliary compartments. Changes in hepatobiliary and intestinal bile acid transport can alter the composition, size, and distribution of the bile acid pool. These alterations in turn can have significant effects on bile acid signaling and their downstream metabolic targets. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the inter-relationship between the enterohepatic cycling of bile acids and the metabolic consequences of signaling via bile acid-activated receptors, such as ...
https://open.library.emory.edu/publications/search/?keywords=acid&keywords=activ&keywords=regulatori&keywords=glucagon&keywords=gproteincoupl&keywords=fibroblast&journal=Acta+Pharmaceutica+Sinica+B&subject=Health+Sciences%2C+General&subject=Health+Sciences%2C+Nutrition&keywords=cholesterol
Effects of the duration of hyperlipidemia on cerebral lipids, vessels and neurons in rats | Lipids in Health and Disease | Full...Effects of the duration of hyperlipidemia on cerebral lipids, vessels and neurons in rats | Lipids in Health and Disease | Full...
It is widely accepted that hyperlipidemia may lead to atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke [14]. Extensive epidemiologic and experimental studies have supported the conception that hyperlipidemia may cause nervous system-related diseases [15, 16]. We evaluated the hyperlipidemia model with reference to the Deepa modeling method (normal rat chow supplemented with 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid and 0.5% thiouracil, also called the CCT diet) [9]. In rats that were fed the CCT diet for 1 week, the levels of serum TC, TG and LDL-C increased by 2.40, 1.29 and 1.75 times,(P , 0.05), respectively, and the levels of serum HDL-C decreased by 0.26 times (P , 0.05). Factorial analysis shows that the severity of hyperlipidemia was aggravated with the extension of the CCT diet.. Brain tissue is composed of neurons and glial cells, and this tissue is a significant integration center for body movements, sensations ...
https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12944-016-0401-6
Glycocholic Acid Summary Report | CureHunterGlycocholic Acid Summary Report | CureHunter
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD006000-Glycocholic-Acid.do
Valproic acid dosage regimen / Revista pronto españa 2015Valproic acid dosage regimen / Revista pronto españa 2015
Health Benefits and Bioactive Components of the. at a dosage comparable to the amount. 2003; Kuti, 2004). In addition, taurine, a cell-protective β-amino acid.Antiviral agents active against influenza A viruses Erik De Clercq. sialic-acid receptors used by both human and avian. at a once-weekly dosing regimen. Antimicrob.Producon of Oseltamivir anviral drug. Producon of caffeoylquinic acids for HIV treatment. Technology Licensing. Shikimic acid is an important starng.Brazilian journal of pharmaceutical sciences; Development of mesalazine pellets coated with methacrylic. is the standard drug for the treatment of inflammatory.Keywords: Chapter 9a, Clinical Microbiology and Virology. Aseptic technique Collection of specimens for microbiologic testing in a way that eliminates contamination.NEW ZEALAND PHARMACEUTICALS LTD Product List Cholic Acid Pharmaceutical intermediate: raw material for the production of.. every 2 weeks at recommended dosage. dont trim the grass or plants 1 to 2 days after ...
http://modeway.tk/huhyf/valproic-acid-dosage-regimen-2718.php
Kybella - Deoxycholic Acid - The UCLA Division of Plastic & Reconstructive SurgeryKybella - Deoxycholic Acid - The UCLA Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Kybella (deoxycholic acid) is the first and only FDA-approved injectable treatment to improve the appearance of moderate to severe fat beneath the chin.
https://www.uclahealth.org/plasticsurgery/kybella
deoxycholic acid Tagdeoxycholic acid Tag
Get rid of your double chin or saggy neck - wouldnt that be wonderful? Well today we share some exciting new options for those of you who really want to do something about your chin or neck but dont know what is available. Our neck & chin area has traditionally been difficult to improve, with…. Read More ...
http://www.barrylyckamd.com/tag/deoxycholic-acid/
KEGG ENZYME: 6.2.1.28KEGG ENZYME: 6.2.1.28
Subcellular localization of 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy- and 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoyl-coenzyme A ligase(s) in rat liver ...
http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?ec:6.2.1.28
KEGG REACTION: R07204KEGG REACTION: R07204
3alpha,7alpha-Dihydroxy-5beta-cholestane + [Reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] + Oxygen ,=, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-Trihydroxy-5beta-cholestane + [Oxidized NADPH---hemoprotein reductase] + ...
https://www.kegg.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?rn:R07204
Diazyme Receives FDA 510(K) Approval for Enzymatic Total Bile Acids Assay Kit | General AtomicsDiazyme Receives FDA 510(K) Approval for Enzymatic Total Bile Acids Assay Kit | General Atomics
Dec 22, 2005. SAN DIEGO, CA - Dec 22, 2005 - Diazyme Laboratories, a company that applies its proprietary enzyme technologies to develop low cost and high quality diagnostic products for clinical and research uses, announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Diazyme 510(K) clearance to market its Enzymatic Total Bile Acids (TBA) Assay Kit for the quantitative determination of total bile acids in human blood samples.. Total bile acids is a well known bio-marker for diagnosis of liver diseases. Serum total bile acids are elevated in patients with acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, liver sclerosis, and liver cancer. Total bile acids levels are found to be the most sensitive indicator for monitoring the effectiveness of interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients. Moreover, total bile acids tests are also widely used to screen pregnant women for the condition of obstetric cholestasis, a disease that is caused by elevated total bile acids in the bloodstream ...
http://www.ga.com/diazyme-receives-fda-510k-approval-for-enzymatic-total-bile-acids-assay-kit
Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co.,Ltd /СompaniesAnhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co.,Ltd /Сompanies
Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co.,Ltd is a modernized enterprise specialized in research & development, manufacturing and selling of Active Pharmaceutical Intermediates and feed additive.. Our main products are cholesterol, bilirubin,cholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, pig bile powder, ox bile powder,sodium cholate,Deoxycholic acid,Sodium Deoxycholate,Dehydrocholic acid,Sodium Dehydrocholate,Chondronitin Sulfate.. Our factory covers an area of over 36,000 square meter, included standard workshop, warehouse, research center, laboratory, office building, and other devices, with a total investment of more than CNY 75 million.We had established 10-thousand-grade Purification Room, and introduced advanced equipments both for research and production from home and abroad. Our production management is strictly conducted by the requirement of GMP of China,ISO9001-2008, and all of our products could meet the requirements of international standards.In 2013, products including ...
https://kitairu.net/companies/111990.html
SLC27A5 - Bile acyl-CoA synthetase - Homo sapiens (Human) - SLC27A5 gene & proteinSLC27A5 - Bile acyl-CoA synthetase - Homo sapiens (Human) - SLC27A5 gene & protein
Acyl-CoA synthetase involved in bile acid metabolism. Proposed to catalyze the first step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi by activating them to their CoA thioesters. Seems to activate secondary bile acids entering the liver from the enterohepatic circulation. In vitro, also activates 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate (THCA), the C27 precursor of cholic acid deriving from the de novo synthesis from cholesterol.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9Y2P5
Intestinal bile acid receptors are key regulators of glucose homeostasis - CNKI学术搜索Intestinal bile acid receptors are key regulators of glucose homeostasis - CNKI学术搜索
In addition to their well-known function as dietary lipid detergents, bile acids have emerged as important signalling molecules that regulate energy homeostasis. Recent studies have highlighted that disrupted bile acid metabolism is associated with metabolism disorders such as dyslipidaemia, intestinal chronic inflammatory diseases and obesity. In particular, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with quantitative and qualitative modifications in bile acid metabolism. Bile acids bind and modulate the activity of transmembrane and nuclear receptors (NR). Among these receptors, the G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) and the NR farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are implicated in the regulation of bile acid, lipid, glucose and energy homeostasis. The role of these receptors in the intestine... in energy metabolism regulation has been recently highlighted. More precisely, recent studies have shown that FXR is important for glucose homeostasis in particular in metabolic disorders such as T2D and ...
http://d.scholar.cnki.net/detail/SCUD_U/SCUD4818CC68868271C3F1D73D5A7D92AFB3
Developmental pattern of 3-oxo-Δ4 bile acids in neonatal bile acid metabolism | ADC Fetal & Neonatal EditionDevelopmental pattern of 3-oxo-Δ4 bile acids in neonatal bile acid metabolism | ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition
The serum concentration of TBA in healthy neonates significantly exceeds that in children over 1 year of age, a condition called physiological cholestasis.9 The urinary TBA:creatinine ratio was raised in the first week after birth, then decreased gradually. The high concentration of TBA in urine may be attributable to either an enhanced stimulation of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids or an impaired hepatic clearance or excretion.10The highest value for TBA in meconium was in neonates. This value is greatly influenced by events or conditions during pregnancy, such as the presence of biliary bile in the fetal duodenum or the ingestion of amniotic fluid by the fetus.10 11 Ketonic bile acids are usually considered to result from the bacterial oxidation of primary bile acids.12 In this study we detected ketonic bile acids early in life. The intestine may be colonised by bacterial flora during the first week.13 A high concentration of 3-oxo Δ4 bile acids in serum or urine has been ...
https://fn.bmj.com/content/77/1/F52
Farnesoid X receptor - WikipediaFarnesoid X receptor - Wikipedia
FXR is expressed at high levels in the liver and intestine. Chenodeoxycholic acid and other bile acids are natural ligands for FXR. Similar to other nuclear receptors, when activated, FXR translocates to the cell nucleus, forms a dimer (in this case a heterodimer with RXR) and binds to hormone response elements on DNA, which up- or down-regulates the expression of certain genes.[6] One of the primary functions of FXR activation is the suppression of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis from cholesterol. FXR does not directly bind to the CYP7A1 promoter. Rather, FXR induces expression of small heterodimer partner (SHP), which then functions to inhibit transcription of the CYP7A1 gene. In this way, a negative feedback pathway is established in which synthesis of bile acids is inhibited when cellular levels are already high. FXR has also been found to be important in regulation of hepatic triglyceride levels.[7] Studies have also shown the FXR to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farnesoid_X_receptor
Frontiers | Bile Acid Signaling Pathways from the Enterohepatic Circulation to the Central Nervous System | NeuroscienceFrontiers | Bile Acid Signaling Pathways from the Enterohepatic Circulation to the Central Nervous System | Neuroscience
Bile acids are best known as detergents involved in the digestion of lipids. In addition, new data in the last decade have shown that bile acids also function as gut hormones capable of influencing metabolic processes via receptors such as FXR (farnesoid X receptor) and TGR5 (Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5). These effects of bile acids are not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract, but can affect different tissues throughout the organism. It is still unclear whether these effects also involve signaling of bile acids to the central nervous system (CNS). Bile acid signaling to the CNS encompasses both direct and indirect pathways. Bile acids can act directly in the brain via central FXR and TGR5 signaling. In addition, there are two indirect pathways that involve intermediate agents released upon interaction with bile acids receptors in the gut. Activation of intestinal FXR and TGR5 receptors can result in the release of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), both
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2017.00617/full?utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Neuroscience&id=293038
Influence of Gallogen and Diethanolamine Upon Induced Hypercholesterolemia in the Rat | Circulation ResearchInfluence of Gallogen and Diethanolamine Upon Induced Hypercholesterolemia in the Rat | Circulation Research
The diethanolamine salt of the mono (α,p-dimethylbenzyl) ester of d-camphoric acid (Gallogen) augmented diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipemia in the rat, while depressing liver cholesterol and total lipid concentrations. Diethanolamine had virtually identical effects. Gallogen, given orally to rats with biliary fistulas had a slight hydrocholeretic effect, but did not influence biliary excretion of cholesterol, cholic acid, or chenodeoxycholic acid.. ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/6/3/271
Acting Locally | Science SignalingActing Locally | Science Signaling
The limited success of life-style modifications like diet and exercise in controlling weight is apparent in the ever-expanding epidemic of obesity. An alternative approach might be to manipulate metabolic rate. For instance, thyroid hormone increases basal metabolism and stimulates weight loss; however, excess thyroid hormone can lead to dangerous systemic effects, such as atrial fibrillation and bone loss (see Baxter and Webb). Watanabe et al. found that supplementing a high-fat diet (HF) with the bile acid cholic acid (CA) limited weight gain in C57BL/6J mice. Indeed, obese mice fed HF supplemented with CA lost weight and adipose mass. Mice fed HF supplemented with CA showed increased oxygen consumption and CO2 production relative to mice fed chow or HF without CA, indicating increased energy expenditure. Expression of the gene that encodes the adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent thyroid hormone activating enzyme type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2, which converts thyroxine into ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2006/320/tw41.abstract
Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains o by B Paigen, A Morrow et al.Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains o by B Paigen, A Morrow et al.
Ten inbred strains of mice were fed an atherogenic diet containing 1.25% cholesterol, 0.5% cholic acid and 15% fat. The strains were examined for plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels and for formation of lipid-containing lesions in the aortic wall. The strains differed considerably in the frequency of lesion formation after 14 weeks on the atherogenic diet with a range of 0-1.8 lesions/mouse. The order of susceptibility to lesion formation from the least susceptible to the most susceptible was BALB/cJ, C3H/J, A/J, SWR/J, NZB/J, less than 129/J, AKR/J, DBA/2J, less than C57L/J less than C57BL/6J. Total plasma cholesterol after 5 weeks on the diet varied from 131 mg/dl to 328 mg/dl among strains; however, there was little correlation between total cholesterol levels and susceptibility to lesion formation (r = 0.29). Plasma triglycerides after 5 weeks on the diet varied less than cholesterol with a range of 137-220 mg/dl. An analysis of the genetic differences among inbred strains of mice
https://mouseion.jax.org/stfb1980_1989/722/
hepatic caeca in cockroachhepatic caeca in cockroach
Crop C. Hepatic caeca D. Rectum. Crop C. Hepatic caeca D. Rectum 22. Hepatic caeca produce digestive enzymes. esophagus, stomach, pyloric caeca, in-testine, and liver ranged from 0.443 to 0.974 (Fig. Hepatic ceaca secrete digestive juice. The partly digested food is stored in_____in cockroach? What is their function? Hunger contractions are _____ contractions A. Antiperistalsis B. Peristalsis C. Voluntary D. None of these 23. Short Answer Type Questions. Hepatic caeca or gastric caeca is a ring of 6-8 blind tubules that are present at the junction of foregut and midgut. It is also an important site for β-oxidation of fatty acids and degradation of cholesterol to form cholic acid of bile. The hepatic caeca which are also known as gastric caeca is a 6-8 narrow and hollow ring-like blind tubules which are present in the junction of the foregut and midgut. The main organs of excretion and osmoregulation in insects are the Malpighian tubules acting in concert with the rectum and/or ileum (Fig. Fill ...
http://dmediagroup.co/kj4k7g/hepatic-caeca-in-cockroach-729c11
Introduction of Aromatic Ring-Containing Substituents in Cyclic Nucleotides Is Associated with Inhibition of Toxin Uptake by...Introduction of Aromatic Ring-Containing Substituents in Cyclic Nucleotides Is Associated with Inhibition of Toxin Uptake by...
Analogs of the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP have been extensively used to mimic or modulate cellular events mediated by protein kinase A (PKA), Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), or protein kinase G (PKG). We report here that some of the most commonly used cyclic nucleotide analogs inhibit transmembrane transport mediated by the liver specific organic anion transporter peptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, unrelated to actions on Epac, PKA or PKG. Several cAMP analogs, particularly with 8-pCPT-substitution, inhibited nodularin (Nod) induced primary rat hepatocyte apoptosis. Inhibition was not mediated by PKA or Epac, since increased endogenous cAMP, and some strong PKA- or Epacactivating analogs failed to protect cells against Nod induced apoptosis. The cAMP analogs inhibiting Nod induced hepatocyte apoptosis also reduced accumulation of radiolabeled Nod or cholic acid in primary rat hepatocytes. They also inhibited Nod induced apoptosis in HEK293 cells with enforced expression of ...
https://chemaxon.com/publication/introduction-of-aromatic-ring-containing-substituents-in-cyclic-nucleotides-is-associated-with-inhibition-of-toxin-uptake-by-the-hepatocyte-transporters-oatp-1b1-and-1b3
Congenital bile acid synthesis defect, type 1 | Rare Diseases | RareGuruCongenital bile acid synthesis defect, type 1 | Rare Diseases | RareGuru
Information on Congenital bile acid synthesis defect, type 1, which may include symptoms, causes, inheritance, treatments, orphan drugs, associated orgs, and other relevant data.
https://rareguru.com/library/disease/1479/congenital-bile-acid-synthesis-defect-type-1
Bile Acids (Total) assay - Randox Online StoreBile Acids (Total) assay - Randox Online Store
Bile acids are water-soluble and, when ionized, amphipathic end products of cholesterol metabolism formed in the liver.? In their molecular form, they are weak acids, however, after the biosynthesis process, the bile acid molecules are conjugated with glycine and taurine, converting them into strong amino acids before being excreted from the hepatocyte.. The fundamental role of bile acids is to aid in the digestion and absorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. ...
https://store.randox.com/product/bi7982/?add-to-cart=2135
Cholate synthetase definition | Drugs.comCholate synthetase definition | Drugs.com
Definition of cholate synthetase. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and definitions.
https://www.drugs.com/dict/cholate-synthetase.html
AlkaliphileAlkaliphile
... cholic acid derivatives and organic acids. It is hoped that further research into alkaliphilic enzymes will allow scientists to ... gluconic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and phosphoric acid. Together, these residues form an acidic matrix that helps ... subtilis has been observed to contain higher levels of hexosamines and amino acids as compared to its neutrophilic counterpart ... it has been proposed that cell walls contain acidic polymers composed of residues such as galacturonic acid, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaliphile
Calculus bovisCalculus bovis
It can also be cultivated in vitro from bovine bile by adding ursodeoxycholic acid, cholic acid, and calcium bilirubinate, ... PPRC 2015 entry "Cholic Acid". Archived from the original on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2016-11-09. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter ... 5% cholic acid, ≥ 25% bilirubin by dry wright. Bovis calculus artifacus, artificial replacement produced from dry bovine bile ... In China, these are manufactured from cholic acid derived from bovine bile combined with dry bovine bile powder, porcine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculus_bovis
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase
"Biosynthesis of cholic acid in rat liver. 24-Hydroxylation of 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoic acid". J. ... Relationship between the different dehydrogenases and evidence that fatty acids and the C27 bile acids di- and tri- ... Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72: 137-74. doi:10.1146/ ... hydroxycoprostanic acids are metabolized by separate multifunctional proteins". Eur. J. Biochem. 240 (3): 660-6. doi:10.1111/j. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA_24-hydroxylase
Enterohepatic circulationEnterohepatic circulation
Hepatocytes metabolize cholesterol to cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. These lipid-soluble bile acids are conjugated ( ... Finally, the conjugated bile acids which remained un-ionized conjugated bile acids are passively absorbed. Venous blood from ... Due to the pH of the small intestine, most of the bile acids are ionized and mostly occur as their sodium salts which are then ... The presence of biliary acids in the intestines helps in absorption of fats and other substances. Bilirubin is conjugated with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterohepatic_circulation
EnterolithEnterolith
... and calcium carbonate and reports choleic acid. Deoxycholic acid and cholic acid have also been reported. In simple cases of ... Raper HS (1921). "A Human Enterolith containing Choleic Acid". The Biochemical Journal. 15 (1): 49-52. doi:10.1042/bj0150049. ... Acid-base physiology Blue MG (April 1979). "Enteroliths in horses--a retrospective study of 30 cases". Equine Veterinary ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterolith
BezoarBezoar
These are manufactured from cholic acid derived from bovine bile. In some products, they claim to remove toxins from the body. ... which get precipitated with gastric acid reflux to form esophageal bezoars. Ox bezoars (cow bezoars) are used in Chinese ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezoar
Cholate-CoA ligaseCholate-CoA ligase
... cholic thiokinase, cholate thiokinase, cholic acid:CoA ligase, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl coenzyme A ... Elliott WH (March 1956). "The enzymic activation of cholic acid by guinea-pig-liver microsomes". The Biochemical Journal. 62 (3 ... Elliott WH (February 1957). "The breakdown of adenosine triphosphate accompanying cholic acid activation by guinea-pig liver ... Cholate-CoA ligase (EC 6.2.1.7, BAL, bile acid CoA ligase, bile acid coenzyme A ligase, choloyl-CoA synthetase, choloyl ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholate—CoA_ligase
MethylprednisoloneMethylprednisolone
Synthetic steroids are synthesized from cholic acid and sapogenins obtained from cattle and plants, respectively. ... It is evidence that dissociated SRC is responsible for inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from cell membrane ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylprednisolone
CHAPS detergentCHAPS detergent
It may be synthesized from cholic acid and is zwitterionic due to its quaternary ammonium and sulfonate groups; it is ... Taurodeoxycholic acid Taurochenodeoxycholic acid Hjelmeland, LM (November 1980). "A nondenaturing zwitterionic detergent for ... structurally similar to certain bile acids, such as taurodeoxycholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. It is used as a non- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHAPS_detergent
Propanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferasePropanoyl-CoA C-acyltransferase
"Formation of cholic acid from 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid by rat liver peroxisomes". J. ... 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholestanoic acid into cholic acid by rat liver peroxisomes". FEBS Lett. 121 (2): 345-8. doi:10.1016 ... "Glycine and taurine conjugation of bile acids by a single enzyme Molecular cloning and expression of human liver bile acid CoA: ... Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72: 137-74. doi:10.1146/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propanoyl-CoA_C-acyltransferase
CYP8B1CYP8B1
... cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, both of which are secreted in the bile. In the intestine these bile acids affect the ... The elephant, manatee and naked mole rat have inactive copies of this gene and lack cholic acid in their bile. Relaxed ... "Entrez Gene: CYP8B1". Sharma, V; Hiller, M (1 December 2018). "Loss of Enzymes in the Bile Acid Synthesis Pathway Explains ... Ellis EC (2006). "Suppression of bile acid synthesis by thyroid hormone in primary human hepatocytes". World J. Gastroenterol. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP8B1
AramcholAramchol
... , a conjugate of cholic acid and arachidic acid, is a member of a synthetic fatty-acid/bile-acid conjugate (FABAC). ... Aramchol was initially intended to combine a cholesterol solubilizing moiety (a saturated fatty acid) with a bile acid (cholic ... August 2010). "Fatty acid bile acid conjugate inhibits hepatic stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase and is non-atherogenic". Archives ... Safadi R, Konikoff FM, Mahamid M, Zelber-Sagi S, Halpern M, Gilat T, Oren R (December 2014). "The fatty acid-bile acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aramchol
UpjohnUpjohn
The only method for preparing this drug prior to 1952 was a lengthy synthesis starting from cholic acid isolated from bile. In ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upjohn
Cardiac amyloidosisCardiac amyloidosis
Tauro-ursodeoxy-cholic acid (TUDCA), and monoclonal antibodies. The use of pacemakers (both right ventricular pacing and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_amyloidosis
CholaneCholane
... steroids and bile acids (e.g. cholic acid). 5α-Cholane 5β-Cholane Cholestane Ergostane Kurauti, Yukiti; Kazuno, Taro (January ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholane
3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA hydratase3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA hydratase
24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and cholic acid". Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36: 134-141. doi:10.1248/cpb.36.134. Sonoda Y ... 24-tetrahydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and cholic acid". Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36: 142-145. doi:10.1248/cpb.36.142. Kurosawa ... Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 72: 137-74. ... role of the hydratase reaction in bile acid synthesis". The Biochemical Journal. 328 (2): 377-82. doi:10.1042/bj3280377. PMC ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA_hydratase
PeroxisomePeroxisome
... of very-long-chain and polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis of plasmalogens conjugation of cholic acid as part of bile acid ... Peroxisomes are involved in the catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, bile acid intermediates ... In animal cells, the long fatty acids are converted to medium chain fatty acids, which are subsequently shuttled to ... such as D-amino acid oxidase and uric acid oxidase. However the last enzyme is absent in humans, explaining the disease known ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome
C24H40O5C24H40O5
Cholic acid Hyocholic acid, or 3α,6α,7α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid Muricholic acids This set index page lists chemical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C24H40O5
SteroidSteroid
... the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid Cholic acid, a bile acid, showing the carboxylic acid and additional ... allowing the cholesterol to be broken up by other enzymes into bile acids. These acids can then be eliminated by secretion from ... Zollner G, Marschall HU, Wagner M, Trauner M (2006). "Role of nuclear receptors in the adaptive response to bile acids and ... Steroid hormones, lacking the side chain of cholesterol and bile acids, are typically hydroxylated at various ring positions or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid
E1000E1000
... may refer to: Cholic acid Epic E1000, an American turboprop aircraft design E1000 series, a train used by the Taiwan ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E1000
7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
12α-dihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one and then to cholic acid, the major primary bile acid in humans. Alternatively, it can be ... The increase in serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one concentrations reflects the loss of bile acids secondary to bile acid ... Elevated values are found in patients with bile acid malabsorption and may be useful in the diagnosis of this condition as high ... 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one is an intermediate in the biochemical synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol. Its precursor, 7α- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
List of MeSH codes (D04)List of MeSH codes (D04)
... cholic acids MeSH D04.808.105.225.130 - cholic acid MeSH D04.808.105.225.130.330 - cholates MeSH D04.808.105.225.130.330.850 - ... cholic acids MeSH D04.808.221.430.130 - cholic acid MeSH D04.808.221.430.130.330 - cholates MeSH D04.808.221.430.130.330.850 - ... lithocholic acid MeSH D04.808.105.225.480.880 - taurolithocholic acid MeSH D04.808.105.225.900 - taurocholic acid MeSH D04.808. ... lithocholic acid MeSH D04.808.221.430.622.900 - taurolithocholic acid MeSH D04.808.221.430.873 - taurocholic acid MeSH D04.808. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D04)
ATC code A05ATC code A05
A05AA01 Chenodeoxycholic acid A05AA02 Ursodeoxycholic acid A05AA03 Cholic acid A05AA04 Obeticholic acid A05AB01 Nicotinyl ... A05BA04 Citiolone A05BA05 Epomediol A05BA06 Ornithine oxoglutarate A05BA07 Tidiacic arginine A05BA08 Glycyrrhizic acid ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATC_code_A05
Hyocholic acidHyocholic acid
... unlike cholic acid, which has a 12-hydroxyl, and chenodeoxycholic acid which has neither a 6- or 12-hydroxyl. It also differs ... Hyocholic acid or 3α,6α,7α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is a bile acid found as one of the main forms in pig, and at low ... Hyocholic acid differs from the primary bile acids found in humans by having a third hydroxyl group in the α-conformation at ... Epimerization of the 7-hydroxyl to the β-position is found in ω-muricholic acid (also known as β-hyocholic acid). The enzyme ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyocholic_acid
Muricholic acidMuricholic acid
Muricholic acids differ from the primary bile acids found in humans, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, by having a ... α-muricholic acid β-muricholic acid γ-muricholic acid (hyocholic acid) ω-muricholic acid Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, ... The three major bile acids in germ-free mice are cholic acid, α-muricholic, and β-muricholic acids. In conventional mice with a ... This produces α-muricholic acid from chenodeoxycholic acid, and β-muricholic acid from ursodeoxycholic acid. Tauromuricholic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muricholic_acid
Bile acidBile acid
... bile acids Cholic acid Glycocholic acid Taurocholic acid Deoxycholic acid Chenodeoxycholic acid Glycochenodeoxycholic acid ... Cholic acid is converted into deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid into lithocholic acid. All four of these bile acids ... "deoxycholic acid" in that it had one fewer hydroxyl group than cholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is formed from cholic acid by 7- ... In humans, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid (derivatives of cholic acid) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid
Taurocholic acidTaurocholic acid
It is a conjugate of cholic acid with taurine. In medical use, it is administered as a cholagogue and choleretic. Hydrolysis of ... Deoxycholic acid Anwer, M. Sawkat (2004). "Cellular regulation of hepatic bile acid transport in health and cholestasis". ... Taurocholic acid, known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum, is a deliquescent yellowish crystalline ... For commercial use, taurocholic acid is manufactured from cattle bile, a byproduct of the meat-processing industry. This acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurocholic_acid
Deoxycholic acidDeoxycholic acid
Bacteria metabolize chenodeoxycholic acid into the secondary bile acid lithocholic acid, and they metabolize cholic acid into ... The two primary bile acids secreted by the liver are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. ... There are additional secondary bile acids, such as ursodeoxycholic acid. Deoxycholic acid is soluble in alcohol and acetic acid ... 12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid, is a bile acid. Deoxycholic acid is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxycholic_acid
Chenodeoxycholic acidChenodeoxycholic acid
... and cholic acid are the two primary bile acids in humans. Chenodeoxycholic acid has two hydroxyl groups ... Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA; also known as chenodesoxycholic acid, chenocholic acid and 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid) ... Ursodeoxycholic acid Hyodeoxycholic acid Russell DW (2003). "The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". ... Salts of this carboxylic acid are called chenodeoxycholates. Chenodeoxycholic acid is one of the main bile acids. It was first ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenodeoxycholic_acid
Glycocholic acidGlycocholic acid
It is a conjugate of cholic acid with glycine. Its anion is called glycocholate. Taurocholic acid "Glycocholic Acid". MeSH. v t ... Glycocholic acid, or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycocholic_acid
Ursodeoxycholic acidUrsodeoxycholic acid
bile acid (Chenodeoxycholic acid. *Cholic acid. *Ursodeoxycholic acid). *Obeticholic acid. *Nicotinyl methylamide ... While some bile acids are known to be colon tumor promoters (e.g. deoxycholic acid), others such as ursodeoxycholic acid are ... Mroz MS, Lajczak NK, Goggins BJ, Keely S, Keely SJ (March 2018). "The bile acids, deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid, ... "Bile acids deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid differentially regulate human β-defensin-1 and -2 secretion by colonic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursodeoxycholic_acid
Propanoil-KoA C-aciltransferaza - Википедија, слободна енциклопедијаPropanoil-KoA C-aciltransferaza - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Kase, F., Björkhem, I. and Pedersen, J.I. (1983). „Formation of cholic acid from 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoic acid by ... Pedersen, J.I. & Gustafsson, J. (1980). „Conversion of 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestanoic acid into cholic acid by rat liver ... Molecular cloning and expression of human liver bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 269: 19375-19379. ... Russell, D.W. (2003). „The enzymes, regulation, and genetics of bile acid synthesis". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 72: 137-174. PMID ...
https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propanoil-KoA_C-aciltransferaza
BileBile
... such as chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid.[citation needed]. On an empty stomach - after repeated vomiting, for ... "Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion". www.vivo.colostate.edu. Retrieved 2017-03-31.. ... "Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion". www.vivo.colostate.edu. Retrieved 2016-06-05.. ... The composition of hepatic bile is 97% water, 0.7%[1] bile salts, 0.2% bilirubin, 0.51% fats (cholesterol, fatty acids, and ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile
SeHCATSeHCAT
... has been shown to be absorbed from the gut and excreted into the bile at the same rate as cholic acid, one of the major ... This test has replaced 14C-labeled glycocholic acid (or taurocholic acid) breath tests and fecal bile acid measurements, which ... SeHCAT (23-seleno-25-homotaurocholic acid, selenium homocholic acid taurine, or tauroselcholic acid) is a drug used in a ... The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is reduced in these patients with ileal abnormalities and, as the normal bile acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SeHCAT
Apocholic acidApocholic acid
"Unsaturated bile acids. III. Relations of apocholic acid, dihydroxycholenic acid (m. 260) and cholic acid to desoxycholic acid ... Apocholic acid is an unsaturated bile acid first characterized in the 1920s. It has questionable carcinogenic activity as ... The salts and esters of apocholic acid are known as apocholates. Apocholate citrate agar ,ALDRICH&N5=SEARCH_CONCAT_PNO,BRAND_ ... 5-beta-Chol-8(14)-en-24-oic acid, 3-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-, sodium salt at environmentalchemistry.com. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocholic_acid
BileBile
Cholic acid Chenodeoxycholic acid Glycocholic acid Taurocholic acid Deoxycholic acid Lithocholic acid Medicine portal Animals ... such as chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid. On an empty stomach - after repeated vomiting, for example - a person's ... As an alkali, it also has the function of neutralizing excess stomach acid before it enters the duodenum, the first section of ... A triglyceride is broken down into two fatty acids and a monoglyceride, which are absorbed by the villi on the intestine walls ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile
Cholic acid - WikipediaCholic acid - Wikipedia
Salts of cholic acid are called cholates. Cholic acid, along with chenodeoxycholic acid, is one of the two major bile acids ... Cholic acid, also known as 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water ( ... This is why chenodeoxycholic acid, and not cholic acid, can be used to treat gallstones (because decreasing bile acid synthesis ... Other species may synthesize different bile acids as their predominant primary bile acids. Cholic acid, sold under the brand ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholic_acid
cholic acid (CHEBI:16359)cholic acid (CHEBI:16359)
... is a bile acid (CHEBI:3098) cholic acid (CHEBI:16359) is a C24-steroid (CHEBI:131620) cholic acid ( ... cholic acid (CHEBI:16359). cholate salt (CHEBI:23169) has functional parent cholic acid (CHEBI:16359). cholic acid 24-O-(β-D- ... cholic acid (CHEBI:16359). glycocholic acid (CHEBI:17687) has functional parent cholic acid (CHEBI:16359). hyodeoxycholic acid ... cholic acid (CHEBI:16359). murideoxycholic acid (CHEBI:52030) has functional parent cholic acid (CHEBI:16359). taurocholic acid ...
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:41494
Cholic acid and deoxycholic acid Drug Interactions - Drugs.comCholic acid and deoxycholic acid Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
View drug interactions between cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. These medicines may also interact with certain foods or ... Cholic acid is used to treat Bile Acid Synthesis Disorders.. deoxycholic acid. A total of 96 drugs (360 brand and generic names ... cholic acid. A total of 32 drugs (171 brand and generic names) are known to interact with cholic acid. ... There were no interactions found in our database between cholic acid and deoxycholic acid. However, this does not necessarily ...
https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/cholic-acid-with-deoxycholic-acid-3616-0-3619-0.html
Cholic Acid: Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterCholic Acid: Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
Cholic Acid - Last updated on February 28, 2021. All rights owned and reserved by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. ... It is used to treat certain bile acid problems caused by single enzyme defects (SEDs). ...
https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/patient-education/cholic-acid
Cholic Acid - DrugBankCholic Acid - DrugBank
PubChem] Cholic acid, formulated as Cholbam capsules, is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a ... A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption ... treatment for children and adults with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects, and for peroxisomal ... Receptor for bile acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid and deoxycholic acid. Represses the transcription of ...
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB02659
cholic acid | Michigan Medicinecholic acid | Michigan Medicine
People with bile acid disorders are unable to produce cholic acid normally. This can make it harder for the body to absorb ... Bile acids are produced naturally in the body to aid in digestion of fats and certain nutrients. ... What is cholic acid?. Cholic acid is a bile acid. Bile acids are produced naturally in the body to aid in digestion of fats and ... When you take your cholic acid dose, avoid taking other medicines by mouth at the same time. Since cholic acid aids in ...
https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/d07574a1
JCI - Cholic acid mediates negative feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in miceJCI - Cholic acid mediates negative feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in mice
Cholic acid mediates negative feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in mice. Jia Li-Hawkins,1 Mats Gåfvels,2 Maria Olin,2 ... TCA, taurocholic acid (circles); TCDCA, taurochenodeoxycholic acid (symbol X); TβMCA, tauro-β-muricholic acid (squares); GW4064 ... On the turnover and excretory products of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in man. J Biol Chem 1963. 238:2299-2304. View ... Bile acid pool sizes and excretion rates in wild-type and Cyp8b1-/- mice. (a) The mass of bile acid in the enterohepatic ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/16309
Cholic Acid | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystCholic Acid | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
"Cholic Acid" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Cholic Acid" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Cholic Acid" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Cholic Acid" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Cholic Acid". ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Cholic%20Acid
Cholic acid mediates negative feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in miceCholic acid mediates negative feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in mice
Cholesterol is converted into dozens of primary and secondary bile acids through pathways subject to negative feedback ... Cholic acid mediates negative feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis in mice J Clin Invest. 2002 Oct;110(8):1191-200. doi: ... Disruption of the sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase gene (Cyp8b1) in mice prevents the synthesis of cholate, a primary bile acid, and ... The results implicate cholate as an important negative regulator of bile acid synthesis and provide preliminary evidence for ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12393855/?dopt=Abstract
047. Cholic acid, desoxy- (and Na salt) (FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 40abc)047. Cholic acid, desoxy- (and Na salt) (FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 40abc)
Biological Data (See Desoxycholic Acid) DESOXYCHOLIC ACID Chemical name 3,12-dihydroxycholanic acid Empirical formula C24H40O4 ... CHOLIC ACID Rabbit i.v. 50 (Na salt) Gillert, 1926 DESOXYCHOLIC ACID Rabbit i.v. 15 (Na salt) Gillert, 1926 In general, bile ... CHOLIC ACID Chemical name 3,7,12-trihydroxycholanic acid Empirical formula C24H40O5 Structural formula Molecular weight 408.58 ... Definition Cholic acid after drying contains not less than 98 per cent. C24H40O5 Description Colourless plates or a white, ...
http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/40abcj21.htm
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Synthesis of Both Ionic Species of Ammonium Dithiocarbamate Derived Cholic Acid MoietiesMolecules | Free Full-Text | Synthesis of Both Ionic Species of Ammonium Dithiocarbamate Derived Cholic Acid Moieties
The cationic 3-ammonium propylamide of cholic acid did not react further with CS2 and the formed salt was stable in the ... of dithiocarbamic acid which further formed an ammonium salt with another molecule of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid. ... When the reaction was carried out in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide, only the bile acid derivative of sodium ... The reaction of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid with CS2 produced a bile acid derivative ...
http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/16/8/6306
Cholic Acid(P)- CAS Number 81-25-4Cholic Acid(P)- CAS Number 81-25-4
Buy Cholic Acid(P) - CAS Number 81-25-4 from LGC Standards. Please login or register to view prices, check availability and ... Cholalic acid ; Cholic acid ; 3α,7α,12α-Trihydroxy-5β-cholanoic acid ; 3α,7α,12α-Trihydroxy-β-cholanic acid ; 5β-Cholic acid ; ... Cholic Acid ; Cholalin ; 3α,7α,12α-Trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid ; 5β-Cholanic acid-3α,7α,12α-triol ; 3α,7α,12α-Trihydroxy-5 ... 17β-[1-Methyl-3-carboxypropyl]etiocholane-3α,7α,12α-triol ; NSC-6135 ; (3α,5β,7α,12α)-
https://www.lgcstandards.com/FR/en/Cholic-Acid-P-/p/CDX-00003585-100
Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the kinetics of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in patients with primary sclerosing...Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the kinetics of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in patients with primary sclerosing...
If you are a society or association member and require assistance with obtaining online access instructions please contact our Journal Customer Services team ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.1840170614/pdf
Compassionate Treatment of Patients With Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Metabolism With Cholic Acid - Full Text View -...Compassionate Treatment of Patients With Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Metabolism With Cholic Acid - Full Text View -...
Cholic Acid Drug: Cholic Acids 10-15 mg/kg body weight/day taken orally. ... Compassionate Treatment of Patients With Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Metabolism With Cholic Acid. The safety and scientific ... compassionate treatment study of cholic acid in the treatment of defects of bile acid metabolism. ... Drug Information available for: Cholic acid Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: X-linked ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00007020?cond=%22x-linked+adrenoleukodystrophy%22&rank=24
Cholbam (cholic acid) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and moreCholbam (cholic acid) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
... cholic acid), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, ... Bile acid and peroxisomal disorders dosing for Cholbam ( ... encoded search term (cholic acid (Cholbam)) and cholic acid ( ... In the liver, cholic acid is conjugated with glycine or taurine by bile acid-CoA synthetase and bile acid-CoA: amino acid N- ... Endogenous bile acids, including cholic acid, enhance bile flow and provide the physiologic feedback inhibition of bile acid ...
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Cholic acid | 81-25-4Cholic acid | 81-25-4
You can also browse global suppliers,vendor,prices,Price,manufacturers of Cholic acid(81-25-4). At last,Cholic acid(81-25-4) ... Visit ChemicalBook To find more Cholic acid(81-25-4) information like chemical properties,Structure,melting point,boiling point ... Cholic acid Spectrum. Cholic acid(81-25-4)IR1Cholic acid(81-25-4)IR2Cholic acid(81-25-4)RamanCholic acid(81-25-4)13CNMR ... Cholic acid. Synonyms. CA;CHOLATE;CHOLALIN;Cholic acd;CHOLIC ACID;Cholic CHOLALIC ACID;Cyclosphorine;AHR 3053-13C3;CHOLIC ACID( ...
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Antimicrobial cholic acid derivatives from the Pitch Lake bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UWI-W23Antimicrobial cholic acid derivatives from the Pitch Lake bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UWI-W23
cholate (1), taurocholic acid (3); glycodeoxycholic acid (5) and glycocholic acid (6). All six compounds exhibited ... Antimicrobial cholic acid derivatives from the Pitch Lake bacteriumBacillus amyloliquefaciensUWI-W23. ... Six cholic acid derivatives (1-6) were isolated from broth cultures of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UWI-W23, an isolate from the ... Cholate (1) also showed activity against MRSA (MICs=125μg/mL) and glycocholic acid (6) against S. cerevisiae (MICs=15.6μg/mL). ...
https://insights.ovid.com/steri/201807000/00077348-201807000-00006
AID 172915 - Percent change in total cholesterol in cholic acid (0.5%)-cholesterol (1.5%)-peanut oil (5.5%)-fed rats after...AID 172915 - Percent change in total cholesterol in cholic acid (0.5%)-cholesterol (1.5%)-peanut oil (5.5%)-fed rats after...
Percent change in total cholesterol in cholic acid (0.5%)-cholesterol (1.5%)-peanut oil (5.5%)-fed rats after administration of ...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/172915
Cholic Acid Feeding Leads to Increased CYP2D6 Expression in CYP2D6-Humanized Mice | Drug Metabolism & DispositionCholic Acid Feeding Leads to Increased CYP2D6 Expression in CYP2D6-Humanized Mice | Drug Metabolism & Disposition
Cholic Acid Feeding Leads to Increased CYP2D6 Expression in CYP2D6-Humanized Mice. Xian Pan, Rebecca Kent, Kyoung-Jae Won and ... CYP2D6 Induction by Cholic Acid Feeding. Xian Pan, Rebecca Kent, Kyoung-Jae Won and Hyunyoung Jeong ... CYP2D6 Induction by Cholic Acid Feeding. Xian Pan, Rebecca Kent, Kyoung-Jae Won and Hyunyoung Jeong ... Cholic Acid Feeding Leads to Increased CYP2D6 Expression in CYP2D6-Humanized Mice ...
http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/45/4/346/tab-e-letters
Cholic Acid Feeding Leads to Increased CYP2D6 Expression in CYP2D6-Humanized Mice | Drug Metabolism & DispositionCholic Acid Feeding Leads to Increased CYP2D6 Expression in CYP2D6-Humanized Mice | Drug Metabolism & Disposition
cholic acid. ChIP. chromatin immunoprecipitation. CPR. cytochrome P450 reductase. Cyb5. cytochrome-b5. CYP2D6. cytochrome P450 ... Cholic Acid Feeding Leads to Increased CYP2D6 Expression in CYP2D6-Humanized Mice. Xian Pan, Rebecca Kent, Kyoung-Jae Won and ... and altered bile acid composition. When hepatic bile acid levels rise, bile acids bind to FXR, and the ligand-activated FXR ... CYP2D6 Induction by Cholic Acid Feeding. Xian Pan, Rebecca Kent, Kyoung-Jae Won and Hyunyoung Jeong ...
http://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/45/4/346
China (mainland) Refined Cotton,cholesterol, bilirubin,cholic acid Export, Import, Manufacture - Anhui Chem-Bright...China (mainland) Refined Cotton,cholesterol, bilirubin,cholic acid Export, Import, Manufacture - Anhui Chem-Bright...
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Bile-Mediated Aminoglycoside Sensitivity in Lactobacillus Species Likely Results from Increased Membrane Permeability...Bile-Mediated Aminoglycoside Sensitivity in Lactobacillus Species Likely Results from Increased Membrane Permeability...
Hence, the MICs of conjugates such as taurocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid were higher than the MICs of cholic acid, an ... to the deconjugated bile acid cholic acid than to the conjugate taurocholic or taurodeoxycholic acid, and (ii) they became ... Neutral bile acids, like cholic acid, are free to carry out their natural action as strong detergents and compromise the entire ... Therefore, gentamicin uptake was measured as a function of ox gall, taurocholic acid, and cholic acid concentrations (Fig. 3). ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/70/12/7200
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Effects of Cholic Acid and Jasminoidin on the Levels of Cerebral TNF-α, IL-1 β and ICAM-1 in the Rats Undergone Cerebral...Effects of Cholic Acid and Jasminoidin on the Levels of Cerebral TNF-α, IL-1 β and ICAM-1 in the Rats Undergone Cerebral...
... cholic acid could also inhibit the increase of NSE under the 12-hour cerebral ischemia; but both cholic acid and jasminoidin ... cholic acid group, jasminoidin group, cholic acid plus jasminoidin group, and Xueshuantong group. The rat model of focal ... Both cholic acid and jasminoidin could markedly inhibit the increase of TNF-α and IL-1 β under both the 12-hour and 24-hour ... However, the coadministration of cholic acid and jasminoidin could not only markedly inhibit the decrease of TNF-α and IL-1 β ...
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HKU Scholars Hub: Alpini Gianfranco 2006 Cholic acid stimulates bile duct proliferation both in vivo and in vitro via...HKU Scholars Hub: Alpini Gianfranco 2006 Cholic acid stimulates bile duct proliferation both in vivo and in vitro via...
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Global Cholic Acid (CAS 81-25-4) Market - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2016-2021 - Radiant...Global Cholic Acid (CAS 81-25-4) Market - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2016-2021 - Radiant...
Global Cholic Acid (CAS 81-25-4) Market - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2016-2021 - Radiant ... Salts of cholic acid are called cholates. Cholic acid, along with chenodeoxycholic acid, is one of two major bile acids ... Cholic acid, also known as 3?,7?,12?-trihydroxy-5?-cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water ( ... yielding glycocholic and taurocholic acid respectively. GCCs report, Global Cholic Acid (CAS 81-25-4) Market - Industry ...
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CholesterolSynthesisCholbamEffects of cholic acidAminoCHOLATEMetabolismAcetic acidTaurocholic acidLiverPrimary bile acidsGlobal Cholic AcidCholestasisDeoxycholic acidDerivativesCapsulesSteroidGlycineSaltsAtypical bile acidsMass spectrometryGlycocholicTaurinePhospholipidsFattyInteractionsCitricDisordersCarboxylicDesoxycholic AcidExposed to bile acidsCapsuleSerumSoluble in waterConjugateWater-solubleSecondaryMajor bile acidsProteinsOrganic acidsCrystallineMoleculeIntestinalPathwaySingle enzyme defectsBile acid compositionAlcoholPolymers
Cholesterol19
  • Cholic acid, along with chenodeoxycholic acid, is one of the two major bile acids produced by the liver, where it is synthesized from cholesterol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholic acid downregulates cholesterol-7-α-hydroxylase (rate-limiting step in bile acid synthesis), and cholesterol does the opposite. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholesterol is converted into dozens of primary and secondary bile acids through pathways subject to negative feedback regulation mediated by the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and other effectors. (nih.gov)
  • Feedback regulation of the rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is lost in Cyp8b1(-/-) mice, causing expansion of the bile acid pool and alterations in cholesterol metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • The nucleus of the bile acids is closely related to cholesterol, from which they are formed in the liver, and this conversion depends on their relative concentrations. (inchem.org)
  • In our study, as well as in previously feeding experiments with rats [24] was observed that cholesterol, fat component and cholic acid addition to normal diet increase plasma cholesterol concentration, i. (freethesaurus.com)
  • These two molecules are named cholic acid and 24,25-EC, and are bile acid and a derivate of cholesterol, respectively. (freethesaurus.com)
  • Since the discovery that high cholesterol diet, with or without cholic acid , was per se atherogenic in mice, attention has focused on models based on dietary supplementation with purified cholesterol. (freethesaurus.com)
  • The acute antiprotozoal effect of hederagenin derivatives was more pronounced than that of cholesterol and cholic acid derivatives. (frontiersin.org)
  • Modifications in the structure of hederagenin, cholesterol, and cholic acid derivatives resulted in compounds with different biological activities in terms of acute effect and stability, although those which were highly toxic to protozoa were not always the most stable over time. (frontiersin.org)
  • Individuals with these rare disorders lack the enzymes needed to synthesize cholic acid, a primary bile acid normally produced in the liver from cholesterol. (globalgenes.org)
  • While bile acids (BAs) have long been known to be essential in dietary lipid absorption and cholesterol catabolism, in recent years an important role for BAs as signalling molecules has emerged. (nih.gov)
  • 1 In addition, bile acids are required for cholesterol absorption, fat-soluble vitamin absorption, and to provide resistance to overgrowth of intestinal bacteria. (labcorp.com)
  • Bile acids are formed in the liver from cholesterol, stored and concentrated in the gallbladder, and excreted into the intestines in response to food. (labcorp.com)
  • The liver synthesizes cholesterol into two primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. (labcorp.com)
  • Bile acids (BAs) exert an essential role in the control of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis and constitute the major endogenous component of the human bile [1]. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) not only have a major impact on the metabolism of drugs and nutrients, but they also regulate the homeostasis of many endogenous compounds, such as cholesterol and bile acids (BAs). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Bile acids are steroid carboxylic acids derived from cholesterol in vertebrates. (genome.jp)
  • The conversion from cholesterol to cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids involves four steps: 1) the initiation of synthesis by 7alpha-hydroxylation of sterol precursors, 2) further modifications to the ring structures, 3) side-chain oxidation and shortening (cleavage) by three carbons, and 4) conjugation of the bile acid with taurine or glycine. (genome.jp)
Synthesis24
  • This is why chenodeoxycholic acid, and not cholic acid, can be used to treat gallstones (because decreasing bile acid synthesis would supersaturate the stones even more). (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholic acid, sold under the brand name Cholbam, is approved for use in the United States and is indicated as a treatment for children and adults with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects, and for peroxisomal disorders (such as Zellweger syndrome). (wikipedia.org)
  • It is indicated for the treatment of inborn errors in primary bile-acid synthesis due to 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase deficiency or Δ4-3-oxosteroid-5β-reductase deficiency in infants, children and adolescents aged one month to 18 years and adults. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholic acid is used to treat Bile Acid Synthesis Disorders . (drugs.com)
  • PubChem] Cholic acid, formulated as Cholbam capsules, is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for children and adults with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects, and for peroxisomal disorders (such as Zellweger syndrome). (drugbank.ca)
  • Disruption of the sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase gene (Cyp8b1) in mice prevents the synthesis of cholate, a primary bile acid, and its metabolites. (nih.gov)
  • The results implicate cholate as an important negative regulator of bile acid synthesis and provide preliminary evidence for ligand-specific gene activation by a nuclear receptor. (nih.gov)
  • Kolehmainen, E. Synthesis of Both Ionic Species of Ammonium Dithiocarbamate Derived Cholic Acid Moieties. (mdpi.com)
  • SHP in turn represses the transcription of genes involved in bile acid synthesis (e.g. (aspetjournals.org)
  • GCC's report, Global Cholic Acid (CAS 81-25-4) Market - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2016-2021, has been prepared based on the synthesis, analysis, and interpretation of information about the global Cholic Acid (CAS 81-25-4) market collected from specialized sources. (radiantinsights.com)
  • Cholic acid is a prescription medication used to treat rare bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects and for patients with peroxisomal disorders (including Zellweger spectrum disorders). (rxwiki.com)
  • On March 17th, 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Cholbam (cholic acid) capsules, the first FDA approved treatment for pediatric and adult patients with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects, and for patients with peroxisomal disorders (including Zellweger spectrum disorders). (globalgenes.org)
  • Prior to today's approval, patients with these rare bile acid synthesis disorders had no approved treatment options. (globalgenes.org)
  • The efficacy of Cholbam for the treatment of patients with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects was assessed in an uncontrolled trial involving 50 patients treated over an 18 year period. (globalgenes.org)
  • CHOLBAM is a treatment for infants, children and adults who have a rare condition called bile acid synthesis disorders. (fda.gov)
  • CHOLBAM was studied for the treatment of bile acid synthesis disorders due to what are called single enzyme defects (SEDs). (fda.gov)
  • In the trials that supported the FDA approval of CHOLBAM, 64% of patients with rare bile acid synthesis disorders had improvement in body weight as a measure of growth as well as improvements in liver tests that are expected to be related to less liver damage. (fda.gov)
  • C 10 H 18 N 4 O 6 , a compound intermediate in the synthesis of arginine, formed from citrulline and aspartic acid. (tabers.com)
  • Oral cholic acid (CA) replacement has been shown to be an effective therapy in children with primary bile acid synthesis defects, which are rare and severe genetic liver diseases. (blogspot.com)
  • NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (Cpr) is essential for the function of microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450), including those P450s involved in bile acid (BA) synthesis. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The effect of glucagon-induced adenosine 3' ,5' -monophosphate concentrations on bile acid synthesis in isolated rat liver cells. (nih.gov)
  • Previous article in issue: Regulation of bile acid synthesis. (wiley.com)
  • Regulation of bile acid synthesis. (wiley.com)
  • Patients with ZWS have a decreased number of hepatic peroxisomes, impaired plasmalogen synthesis (especially in RBCs) and increased levels of VLCFA, bile acids, pipecolic, and phytanic acids. (medscape.com)
Cholbam2
  • Cholic acid will be marketed as Cholbam by Asklepion Pharmaceuticals, the FDA said in its statement. (freethesaurus.com)
  • Cholbam did not affect other manifestations of bile acid disorders due to single enzyme defects or peroxisomal disorders such as neurologic symptoms. (globalgenes.org)
Effects of cholic acid2
  • This is to track the outcome of the pregnancy and to evaluate any effects of cholic acid on the baby. (uofmhealth.org)
  • What are the possible side effects of cholic acid? (uofmhealth.org)
Amino11
  • In addition, the peptidoglycan in alkaliphilic B. subtilis has been observed to contain higher levels of hexosamines and amino acids as compared to its neutrophilic counterpart. (wikipedia.org)
  • carboxylic acid any organic compound containing the carboxy group (-COOH), including amino and fatty acids. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • C 4 H 7 NO 4 , a nonessential amino acid. (tabers.com)
  • Biochemical reagents include molecules like amino acids, vitamins and nucleotides that are essential to life. (alfa.com)
  • the duodenal mucosa in response to the ingestion of According to a large study of the Danish popula- fats and amino acids. (yudu.com)
  • To further stabilize the particles, the researchers added the amino acid cysteine (creating CNPs), which prevents them from prematurely releasing their therapeutic payload when exposed to blood proteins and other barriers. (eurekalert.org)
  • It always involves more than one amino acid and includes all residues involved in nucleotide-binding. (uniprot.org)
  • It was found that altered bile acid, amino acid, and energy metabolism might be at least partly responsible for OA-induced hepatotoxicity. (frontiersin.org)
  • γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) catalyzes the cleavage of γ-glutamyl compounds and the transfer of γ-glutamyl moiety to water or to amino acid/peptide acceptors. (bireme.br)
  • The BaGGT469 protein was composed of 591 amino acids. (bireme.br)
  • The mammalian enzyme is membrane-bound and catalyses the first step in the conjugation of bile acids with amino acids, converting bile acids into their acyl-CoA thioesters. (genome.jp)
CHOLATE2
  • Cholate (1) also showed activity against MRSA (MICs=125μg/mL) and glycocholic acid (6) against S. cerevisiae (MICs=15.6μg/mL). (ovid.com)
  • Of the two major bile acids, cholate derivatives represent approximately eighty percent of all bile acids. (radiantinsights.com)
Metabolism7
  • This amount is unlikely to affect the normal equilibrium of bile acid metabolism. (inchem.org)
  • A Phase III, open label, single arm, nonrandomized, non-comparative, compassionate treatment study of cholic acid in the treatment of defects of bile acid metabolism. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Investigation in the Pathogenesis of Liver Disease in Patients With Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Metabolism. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • In the first part of the review, we discuss the main gut microorganisms, particularly bacteria, and microbial pathways associated with the metabolism of dietary carbohydrates (to short chain fatty acids and gases), proteins, plant polyphenols, bile acids, and vitamins. (springer.com)
  • Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Inborn errors of bile acid metabolism are rare causes of neonatal cholestasis and liver disease in older children and adults. (nih.gov)
  • Bile acid metabolism, as the most important pathway, was verified by using UHPLC-TSQ-MS, indicating that conjugated bile acids were the main contributors to OA-induced liver toxicity. (frontiersin.org)
Acetic acid13
  • Cholic acid, also known as 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water (soluble in alcohol and acetic acid), it is a white crystalline substance. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1g cholic acid dissolved in about 300ml ethanol or acetone, 7ml glacial acetic acid. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Plus glacial acetic acid about 10ml, then it should be brown. (chemicalbook.com)
  • cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water (soluble in alcohol and acetic acid), it is a white crystalline substance. (radiantinsights.com)
  • Glacial (highly purified) acetic acid contains at least 99.5% acetic acid by weight. (tabers.com)
  • All detergent acetic acid glacial wholesalers & detergent acetic acid glacial manufacturers come from members. (infospaceinc.com)
  • We doesn't provide detergent acetic acid glacial products or service, please contact them directly and verify their companies info carefully. (infospaceinc.com)
  • Glacial Acetic Acid 99% and 99.5% Property: It's clear liquid, free from suspended matter and with pungent odor. (infospaceinc.com)
  • Glacial acetic acid in industry grade GLACIAL ACETIC ACID FOR DETERGENT INDUSTRY Quick Details Classification: Carboxylic Acid Place. (infospaceinc.com)
  • Acetic Acid Glacial Property Value Units Test Method Appearance Clear Visual Color(APHA),Pt-Co 10 Max ASTM E302 Acetic Acid 99.15 Min WT% ASTM Formic Acid 0.05 Max WT% AWTM D3546 Acetaldhyde 0.05 Max. (infospaceinc.com)
  • Glacial Acetic Acid is used to enhance flavor and maintain stability of active ingredients in food and beverage in detergent industry, as a kind of safe detergent it can aloe be used. (infospaceinc.com)
  • month 2.Reasonable price 3.ISO 9001:2000 4.Shipment within 2 weeks 5.Purity:99.5%min Detail information glacial acetic acid Classification:Carboxylic Acid CAS No.: 64-19-7 EINECS No: 200-580-7 UNNO. (infospaceinc.com)
  • Glacial Acetic Acid Molecular formula: CH3COOH HS code: 29152111009（）/2915211900（） Specification Glacial Acetic Acid Tech Grade Appearance Colorless transparent liquid Purity 99.0%min 99.5%min Acetaldehyde 0.05% max 0.05% max Formic acid 0.003. (infospaceinc.com)
Taurocholic acid4
  • Derivatives are made from cholyl-CoA, which exchanges its CoA with either glycine, or taurine, yielding glycocholic and taurocholic acid, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • The effect was dramatic, particularly with cholic acid, increasing up to 18-fold, whereas only modest increases, 3- and 5-fold, could be achieved with taurocholic acid and ox gall, respectively. (asm.org)
  • Since L. plantarum , particularly strain WCFS1, is known to encode bile salt hydrolase (deconjugation) activity, our data indicate that mainly cholic acid, but not taurocholic acid, effectively permeabilizes the membrane to aminoglycosides. (asm.org)
  • These derivatives are made from cholyl-CoA, which exchanges its CoA with either glycine, or taurine, yielding glycocholic and taurocholic acid respectively. (radiantinsights.com)
Liver15
  • A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. (drugbank.ca)
  • Abnormal bile acids can also build up in the body and become toxic to the liver. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Cholestasis is a chronic liver disease that is characterized by an interruption of bile flow, enlarged bile acid pool size, and altered bile acid composition. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Monitor liver function while taking cholic acid. (rxwiki.com)
  • The absence of cholic acid in these patients leads to reduced bile flow, accumulation of potentially toxic bile acid intermediates in the liver (cholestasis), and malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the diet. (globalgenes.org)
  • The liver normally makes bile acids which are needed to help to digest fat and for the body to absorb Vitamins A, D, E, and K. (fda.gov)
  • Accumulation of bile acids is a major mediator of cholestatic liver injury. (osti.gov)
  • Bile acid levels increased in serum of patients with liver injury, while biliary levels decreased, implicating infarction of the biliary tracts. (osti.gov)
  • Cholestatic liver injury is due to cytoplasmic bile acid accumulation in hepatocytes. (osti.gov)
  • Cholic acid is an effective treatment of most single-enzyme defects and patients with Zellweger spectrum disorder with liver disease. (nih.gov)
  • Cholic acid is produced by the liver. (eurekalert.org)
  • Both primary and secondary acids are reabsorbed and return to the liver via the portal circulation. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Back in the liver, LCA and CDCA sustain additional biotransformation into 6[alpha]-hydroxylated hyodeoxycholic (HDCA) and hyocholic acids (HCA), respectively [1]. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • The primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, are synthesized in the liver and conjugated with taurine or glycine before secretion via bile into the intestine. (genome.jp)
  • The enzymic activation of cholic acid by guinea-pig-liver microsomes. (genome.jp)
Primary bile acids3
  • Other species may synthesize different bile acids as their predominant primary bile acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • formed in the colon as bacterial metabolites of the Gall bladder disease has an intimate relationship primary bile acids. (yudu.com)
  • The primary bile acids are converted by intestinal bacteria to the secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. (labcorp.com)
Global Cholic Acid2
  • The Global Cholic Acid Industry Report gives an elaborate information about the market size, share and analyzes the complete value chain the report also covers the market dynamics enriching business strategists with quality data about the Cholic Acid market. (decisiondatabases.com)
  • Global Cholic Acid market size will increase to Million US$ by 2025, from Million US$ in 2017, at a CAGR of during the forecast period. (decisiondatabases.com)
Cholestasis7
  • Based on previous reports of small heterodimer partner (SHP) playing an important role as a transcriptional repressor of CYP2D6 expression, here we investigated how a known upstream regulator of SHP expression, namely cholestasis triggered by cholic acid (CA) feeding in mice, can lead to altered CYP2D6 expression. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Along with FXR, SHP serves as a key player in the maintenance of bile acid homeostasis, especially in patients with cholestasis. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The goal of this study is to define the role of SHP and bile acids in the regulation of CYP2D6 expression by examining the effects of cholestasis on hepatic CYP2D6 expression. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Individual bile acid levels were determined in serum and bile by UPLC/QTOFMS in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis with, or without, concurrent increases in serum transaminases. (osti.gov)
  • Bile acids may be measured to investigate obstructive cholestasis in pregnancy. (labcorp.com)
  • For example, in the intestine, cholestasis causes an upregulation of the ileal intestinal bile acid binding protein (I-BABP) transporter resulting in an increased absorption of conjugated BAs by enterocytes [10]. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Objectives To test whether ursodeoxycholic acid reduces pruritus in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, whether early term delivery does not increase the incidence of caesarean section, and the feasibility of recruiting women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy to trials of these interventions. (bmj.com)
Deoxycholic acid4
  • Deoxycholic acid is a member of the drug class miscellaneous uncategorized agents . (drugs.com)
  • Deoxycholic acid is used to treat Submental Fullness . (drugs.com)
  • Cholic acid and deoxycholic acid were determined spectrophotometrically at 320 and 385 nm, respectively, after heating in 2:1 sulfuric acid/conjugate. (freethesaurus.com)
  • This assay uses LC/MS-MS to quantify the free acid, glycine-conjugate and taurine-conjugate forms of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid. (labcorp.com)
Derivatives1
  • Six cholic acid derivatives (1-6) were isolated from broth cultures of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UWI-W23, an isolate from the Trinidad Pitch Lake. (ovid.com)
Capsules1
  • Do not chew, divide, or break cholic acid capsules. (rxwiki.com)
Steroid2
  • 3) As organic acids with steroid structure, cholic acid can emulsify fat, promote its digestion. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Cholic acid-derived 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were synthesized in order to explore the influence of steroid carrier on its antimalarial and antiproliferative activity in vitro. (ac.rs)
Glycine2
  • Recent studies indicate bile acid composition between humans and rodents is dramatically different, as humans have a higher percent of glycine conjugated bile acids and increased chenodeoxycholate content, which increases the hydrophobicity index of bile acids. (osti.gov)
  • The hepatic BA synthesizing pathways lead to formation of the primary chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) and cholic (CA) acids which are, in part, conjugated with taurine and glycine to form amidated acids [1]. (thefreelibrary.com)
Salts10
  • Salts of cholic acid are called cholates. (wikipedia.org)
  • C 24 H 40 O 4 Description White, crystalline powder Uses As foam stabilizer Biological Data Biochemical aspects These bile acids and their salts are found as natural constituents of the bile. (inchem.org)
  • In normal individuals, additional administration of moderate quantities of bile acids or salts by mouth has no demonstrable effect, since there are enough bile salts present in the intestinal lumen to carry out all the absorptive functions. (inchem.org)
  • Acute toxicity Animal Route LD 50 References (mg/kg body-weight) CHOLIC ACID Rabbit i.v. 50 (Na salt) Gillert, 1926 DESOXYCHOLIC ACID Rabbit i.v. 15 (Na salt) Gillert, 1926 In general, bile acids and salts have only a minor toxic potential when given by mouth. (inchem.org)
  • Toxic effects that may be attributable to accumulation of bile acids or salts are also seen in obstructive jaundice, since they disappear if cholestyramine, which adsorbs bile acids in the intestinal lumen and prevents their reabsorption, is administered (van Itallie et al. (inchem.org)
  • Evaluation Because of their bitter taste, bile acids and their salts tend to be limited in use. (inchem.org)
  • All acids react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • These rules are demonstrated by the acids and salts: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3 ), sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 ). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • acids form salts by replacing all or part of the ionizable hydrogen with an electropositive element or radical. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Any of the complex acids that occur as salts in bile, e.g., cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic acids. (tabers.com)
Atypical bile acids1
  • 5]-cholenoic acids in patients undergoing cholic acid therapy, in whom reductions in the concentrations of atypical bile acids represent one of the main biochemical endpoints for efficacy. (freethesaurus.com)
Mass spectrometry1
  • The diagnosis should be considered in the context of hyperbilirubinemia with normal serum bile acids and made by urinary liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry or DNA testing. (nih.gov)
Glycocholic1
  • glycodeoxycholic acid (5) and glycocholic acid (6). (ovid.com)
Taurine1
  • A conjugate of taurine and cholic acid, C 26 H 45 NO 7 S, whose sodium salt is a component of bile. (thefreedictionary.com)
Phospholipids6
  • Sreekanth V, Medatwal N, Pal S, Kumar S, Sengupta S, Bajaj A. Molecular Self-Assembly of Bile Acid-Phospholipids Controls the Delivery of Doxorubicin and Mice Survivability. (harvard.edu)
  • Sreekanth V, Bajaj A. Number of free hydroxyl groups on bile acid phospholipids determines the fluidity and hydration of model membranes. (harvard.edu)
  • C 20 H 32 O 2 , an omega-6 fatty acid formed by the action of enzymes on phospholipids in cell membranes. (tabers.com)
  • Corticosteroids inhibit formation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids when cell membranes are damaged. (tabers.com)
  • Phospholipids and bile acids, by virtue of their amphiphilic properties, can interact in nonpolar media forming "inverted" structures (micelles) which presumably have an hydrophilic core and might act as diffusional carriers (ionophores) of electrolytes across low dielectric constant media or lipid membranes. (wiley.com)
  • The Na + ionophoretic capability of various purified phospholipids and the modulating effects of bile acids and phospatidylcholine was examined by: (a) measurement of 22 Na + partition into the organic phase (chloroform) of a two-phase system and (b) direct measurement of the translocation of 22 Na + across a bulk chloroform phase separating two aqueous phases in a Pressman cell. (wiley.com)
Fatty4
  • The FXR-alpha-mediated SHP induction also underlies the downregulation of the hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis and very-low-density lipoprotein production mediated by sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c. (nih.gov)
  • C 18 H 30 O 2 , an omega-3 fatty acid derived from plants, esp. (tabers.com)
  • in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (tabers.com)
  • N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Stimulate Bile Acid Detoxification in Human Cell Models. (thefreelibrary.com)
Interactions2
  • Sreekanth V, Bajaj A. Fluorescence (fluidity/hydration) and calorimetric studies of interactions of bile acid-drug conjugates with model membranes. (harvard.edu)
  • This is not a complete list of cholic acid drug interactions. (rxwiki.com)
Citric1
  • It is a building block or proteins, participates in the citric acid and urea cycles, and is a neurotransmitter. (tabers.com)
Disorders2
  • People with bile acid disorders are unable to produce cholic acid normally. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Cholic acid is used in people with bile acid disorders. (uofmhealth.org)
Carboxylic3
  • often specifically a carboxylic acid. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Esters are prepared by the condensation reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols. (bartleby.com)
  • The reaction between the stearic acid and glycerol is the condensation reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. (bartleby.com)
Desoxycholic Acid2
  • Molecular weight 392.56 Definition Desoxycholic acid after drying contains not less than 98 per cent. (inchem.org)
  • cholic acid and desoxycholic acid) and cholestanes ([C. (freethesaurus.com)
Exposed to bile acids2
  • In uptake studies at pH 6.5, [G- 3 H]gentamicin accumulation increased over control levels when cells of this strain were exposed to bile acids or reserpine but not when they were exposed to carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone. (asm.org)
  • These data suggest human hepatocytes are more resistant to human-relevant bile acids than rodent hepatocytes, and die through necrosis when exposed to bile acids. (osti.gov)
Capsule5
  • Do not crush or chew a cholic acid capsule. (uofmhealth.org)
  • To make swallowing easier, you may open the cholic acid capsule and sprinkle the medicine into a spoonful of soft food. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Cholic acid comes in different capsule sizes. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Cholic acid doses are based on weight and you may need to use two different capsule sizes to make up your entire dose. (uofmhealth.org)
  • Cholic acid comes in capsule form and is usually taken once or twice daily with food. (rxwiki.com)
Serum4
  • This was recapitulated by treatment with biliary bile acid concentrations, but not serum concentrations. (osti.gov)
  • Diurnal serum levels of primary conjugated bile acids. (elsevier.com)
  • Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Diurnal serum levels of primary conjugated bile acids. (elsevier.com)
  • The decreased level of cholic acid (CA) in both serum and livers of H-Cpr-null mice is likely due to diminished enzyme activity of Cyp8b1 that is essential for CA biosynthesis. (aspetjournals.org)
Soluble in water1
Conjugate1
  • Most noteworthy were two general phenotypes displayed by nearly every strain tested: (i) they were more susceptible (up to 256-fold in some cases) to the deconjugated bile acid cholic acid than to the conjugate taurocholic or taurodeoxycholic acid, and (ii) they became susceptible to aminoglycosides when assayed on agar medium containing 0.5% fractionated bovine bile (ox gall). (asm.org)
Water-soluble1
  • ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (tabers.com)
Secondary3
  • 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said lipid profile comprises at least one lipid metabolite from the primary bile acid and/or secondary bile acid class. (freepatentsonline.com)
  • Secondary bile more than that of any other gastrointestinal illness, acids, including deoxycholate and lithocholate, are including colorectal cancer and peptic ulcer disease. (yudu.com)
  • A significant proportion of CDCA and CA can be deconjugated and converted in the respective secondary lithocholic (LCA) and deoxycholic (DCA) acids by resident bacteria from the large intestine [1]. (thefreelibrary.com)
Major bile acids1
  • These two major bile acids are roughly equal in concentration in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins1
  • To better understand the differences between the two h-LLE extraction approaches, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) and sugaring-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SULLE), have been compared for the partition of 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA) from royal jelly, and for the co-extraction of proteins. (bireme.br)
Organic acids1
Crystalline3
  • C 4 H 4 N 2 O 3 , a crystalline acid from which phenobarbital and other barbiturates are derived. (tabers.com)
  • C 7 H 6 O 2 , a white crystalline acid having a slight odor. (tabers.com)
  • H 3 BO 3 , a white crystalline acid that in water forms a very weak acid solution poisonous to plants and animals. (tabers.com)
Molecule2
  • The reaction of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid with CS 2 produced a bile acid derivative of dithiocarbamic acid which further formed an ammonium salt with another molecule of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid. (mdpi.com)
  • Dr Wang said: "The first molecule we found, cholic acid , influences the production and survival of neurons in what is known as the red nucleus, important for incoming signals from other parts of the brain. (freethesaurus.com)
Intestinal1
  • Measurements were made without or with prior 24 h treatment with soluble -Klotho protein (30 ng/ml) in the absence and presence of -glucuronidase inhibitor D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate (DSAL,10 M). Ussing chamber experiments were employed to determine electrogenic peptide transport across intestinal epithelia of klotho deficient (kl-/-) and corresponding wild type (kl+/+) mice. (bireme.br)
Pathway1
  • The bacterial enzyme is soluble and participates in an anaerobic bile acid 7 alpha-dehydroxylation pathway [5]. (genome.jp)
Single enzyme defects1
  • It is used to treat certain bile acid problems caused by single enzyme defects (SEDs). (mskcc.org)
Bile acid composition1
  • In 1927, H.Wieland (Germany) research accomplished bile acid composition, and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry. (chemicalbook.com)
Alcohol1
  • One mole of each acid and alcohol undergo condensation reaction and produce one mole of ester. (bartleby.com)
Polymers2
  • In passive acidification, it has been proposed that cell walls contain acidic polymers composed of residues such as galacturonic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and phosphoric acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • C 3 H 4 O 2 , a colorless corrosive acid used in making acrylic polymers and resins. (tabers.com)
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Cholic Acid: Pediatric Medication | Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (mskcc.org)
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China Purity Acid, China Purity Acid Manufacturers and Suppliers on Alibaba.com (alibaba.com)
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Write a chemical equation describing the reaction | bartleby (bartleby.com)
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Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
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FDA Approved Drugs in Gastroenterology | CenterWatch (centerwatch.com)
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Category:Duodenum - Wikimedia Commons (commons.wikimedia.org)
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