Cholic Acid
Cholic Acids
Chenodeoxycholic Acid
Bile Acids and Salts
Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.
Deoxycholic Acid
Bile
Cholestanols
Steroid 12-alpha-Hydroxylase
A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 12-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of sterols in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP8B1gene, converts 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one to 7-alpha-12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and is required in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS from cholesterol.
Lithocholic Acid
Glycocholic Acid
Enterohepatic Circulation
Cholestanes
Eubacterium
A genus of gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria found in cavities of man and animals, animal and plant products, infections of soft tissue, and soil. Some species may be pathogenic. No endospores are produced. The genus Eubacterium should not be confused with EUBACTERIA, one of the three domains of life.
Xanthomatosis
A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the SKIN; TENDONS; joints of KNEES and ELBOWS. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of LIPID METABOLISM and formation of FOAM CELLS.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid
Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase
A membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 7-alpha-hydroxylation of CHOLESTEROL in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP7, converts cholesterol to 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol which is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS.
Steroid Hydroxylases
Liver
Cholesterol
Cholelithiasis
Taurocholic Acid
Gallbladder
Cholestyramine Resin
Taurine
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases
Cholestenones
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Iodipamide
Feces
Dehydrocholic Acid
Sterols
Cholestasis
Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase
Hydroxylation
Microsomes, Liver
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Indenes
Apazone
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Sulfobromophthalein
Glycodeoxycholic Acid
Clostridium
Biliary Fistula
Taurodeoxycholic Acid
Glycochenodeoxycholic Acid
3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)
A 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible reduction of the active androgen, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE to 5 ALPHA-ANDROSTANE-3 ALPHA,17 BETA-DIOL. It also has activity towards other 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids and on 9-, 11- and 15- hydroxyprostaglandins. The enzyme is B-specific in reference to the orientation of reduced NAD or NADPH.
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Carbon Radioisotopes
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.
Radioisotope Dilution Technique
Cholagogues and Choleretics
Micelles
Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.
Sitosterols
Arthrobacter
Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases
Microbodies
Bile Canaliculi
Mesocricetus
Pantothenic Acid
Isotope Labeling
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
An allosteric synthetic DNA. (1/334)
Allosteric DNA oligonucleotides are potentially useful diagnostic reagents. Here we develop a model system for the study of allosteric interactions in DNAs. A DNA that binds either Cibacron blue or cholic acid was isolated and partially characterized. Isolation was performed using a multi-stage SELEX. First, short oligos that bind either Cibacron blue or cholic acid were enriched from random oligonucleotide pools. Then, members of the two pools were fused to form longer oligos, which were then selected for theability to bind Cibacron blue columns and elute with cholic acid. One resulting isolate (A22) was studied. Dye- and cholate-binding functions can be separated on sequences from the 5'- and 3'-regions, respectively. Ligand-column affinity assays indicate that each domain binds only its respective ligand. However, the full-length A22 will bind either dye or cholate columns and elute with the other ligand, as if binding by the ligands is mutually exclusive. Furthermore, S1 nuclease protection assays show that Cibacron blue causes a structural change in A22 and that cholic acid inhibits this change. This system will be useful for elucidating mechanisms of allosteric interactions in synthetic DNAs. (+info)Cholic acid aids absorption, biliary secretion, and phase transitions of cholesterol in murine cholelithogenesis. (2/334)
Cholic acid is a critical component of the lithogenic diet in mice. To determine its pathogenetic roles, we fed chow or 1% cholesterol with or without 0.5% cholic acid to C57L/J male mice, which because of lith genes have 100% gallstone prevalence rates. After 1 yr on the diets, we measured bile flow, biliary lipid secretion rates, hepatic cholesterol and bile salt synthesis, and intestinal cholesterol absorption. After hepatic conjugation with taurine, cholate replaced most tauro-beta-muricholate in bile. Dietary cholic acid plus cholesterol increased bile flow and biliary lipid secretion rates and reduced cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity significantly mostly via deoxycholic acid, cholate's bacterial 7alpha-dehydroxylation product but did not downregulate cholesterol biosynthesis. Intestinal cholesterol absorption doubled, and biliary cholesterol crystallized as phase boundaries shifted. Feeding mice 1% cholesterol alone produced no lithogenic or homeostatic effects. We conclude that in mice cholic acid promotes biliary cholesterol hypersecretion and cholelithogenesis by enhancing intestinal absorption, hepatic bioavailability, and phase separation of cholesterol in bile. (+info)Antilithiasic effect of beta-cyclodextrin in LPN hamster: comparison with cholestyramine. (3/334)
Beta-Cyclodextrin (BCD), a cyclic oligosaccharide that binds cholesterol and bile acids in vitro, has been previously shown to be an effective plasma cholesterol lowering agent in hamsters and domestic pigs. This study examined the effects of BCD as compared with cholestyramine on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the LPN hamster model model for cholesterol gallstones. The incidence of cholesterol gallstones was 65% in LPN hamsters fed the lithogenic diet, but decreased linearly with increasing amounts of BCD in the diet to be nil at a dose of 10% BCD. In gallbladder bile, cholesterol, phospholipid and chenodeoxycholate concentrations, hydrophobic and lithogenic indices were all significantly decreased by 10% BCD. Increases in bile acid synthesis (+110%), sterol 27-hydroxylase activity (+106%), and biliary cholate secretion (+140%) were also observed, whereas the biliary secretion of chenodeoxycholate decreased (-43%). The fecal output of chenodeoxycholate and cholate (plus derivatives) was increased by +147 and +64%, respectively, suggesting that BCD reduced the chenodeoxycholate intestinal absorption preferentially. Dietary cholestyramine decreased biliary bile acid concentration and secretion, but dramatically increased the fecal excretion of chenodeoxycholate and cholate plus their derivatives (+328 and +1940%, respectively). In contrast to BCD, the resin increased the lithogenic index in bile, induced black gallstones in 34% of hamsters, and stimulated markedly the activities of HMG-CoA reductase (+670%), sterol 27-hydroxylase (+310%), and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (+390%). Thus, beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) prevented cholesterol gallstone formation by decreasing specifically the reabsorption of chenodeoxycholate, stimulating its biosynthesis and favoring its fecal elimination. BCD had a milder effect on lipid metabolism than cholestyramine and does not predispose animals to black gallstones as cholestyramine does in this animal model. (+info)Polyspecific substrate uptake by the hepatic organic anion transporter Oatp1 in stably transfected CHO cells. (4/334)
The rat liver organic anion transporting polypeptide (Oatp1) has been extensively characterized mainly in the Xenopus laevis expression system as a polyspecific carrier transporting organic anions (bile salts), neutral compounds, and even organic cations. In this study, we extended this characterization using a mammalian expression system and confirm the basolateral hepatic expression of Oatp1 with a new antibody. Besides sulfobromophthalein [Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of approximately 3 microM], taurocholate (Km of approximately 32 microM), and estradiol- 17beta-glucuronide (Km of approximately 4 microM), substrates previously shown to be transported by Oatp1 in transfected HeLa cells, we determined the kinetic parameters for cholate (Km of approximately 54 microM), glycocholate (Km of approximately 54 microM), estrone-3-sulfate (Km of approximately 11 microM), CRC-220 (Km of approximately 57 microM), ouabain (Km of approximately 3,000 microM), and ochratoxin A (Km of approximately 29 microM) in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. In addition, three new substrates, taurochenodeoxycholate (Km of approximately 7 microM), tauroursodeoxycholate (Km of approximately 13 microM), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (Km of approximately 5 microM), were also investigated. The results establish the polyspecific nature of Oatp1 in a mammalian expression system and definitely identify conjugated dihydroxy bile salts and steroid conjugates as high-affinity endogenous substrates of Oatp1. (+info)Biliary bile acids in primary biliary cirrhosis: effect of ursodeoxycholic acid. (5/334)
Bile acid composition in fasting duodenal bile was assessed at entry and at 2 years in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) (10-12 mg/kg/d) taken as a single bedtime dose. Specimens were analyzed by a high-pressure liquid chromatography method that had been validated against gas chromatography. Percent composition in bile (mean +/- SD) for 98 patients at entry for cholic (CA), chenodeoxycholic (CDCA), deoxycholic (DCA), lithocholic (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic (UDCA) acids, respectively, were 57.4 +/- 18.6, 31.5 +/- 15.5, 8.0 +/- 9.3, 0.3 +/- 1.0, and 0.6 +/- 0.9. Values for CA were increased, whereas those for CDCA, DCA, LCA, and UDCA were decreased when compared with values in normal persons. Bile acid composition of the major bile acids did not change after 2 years on placebo medication. By contrast, in patients receiving UDCA for 2 years, bile became enriched with UDCA on average to 40.1%, and significant decreases were noted for CA (to 32.2%) and CDCA (to 19.5%). No change in percent composition was observed for DCA and LCA. Percent composition at entry and changes in composition after 2 years on UDCA were similar in patients with varying severity of PBC. In patients whose bile was not enriched in UDCA (entry and placebo-treated specimens), CA, CDCA, DCA, and the small amount of UDCA found in some of these specimens were conjugated to a greater extent with glycine (52%-64%) than with taurine (36%-48%). Treatment with UDCA caused the proportion of all endogenous bile acids conjugated with glycine to increase to 69% to 78%, while the proportion conjugated with taurine (22%-31%) fell (P <.05). Administered UDCA was also conjugated predominantly with glycine (87%). (+info)Fecal steroid excretion is increased in rats by oral administration of gymnemic acids contained in Gymnema sylvestre leaves. (6/334)
Gymnemic acids are the saponins with a triterpenoid structure contained in Gymnema sylvestre leaves and have the hypoglycemic effects. In spite of the cholesterol-binding properties of saponins, the effect of gymnemic acids on cholesterol metabolism has not been elucidated to date. We investigated the effects of gymnemic acids on fecal steroid excretion in rats. Three kinds of extracts from Gymnema sylvestre leaves, extract (GSE), acid precipitate (GSA) and column fractionate (GSF), of which the gymnemagenin (an aglycone of gymnemic acids) concentrations are 58.87, 161.6, and 363.3 mg/g respectively, were used for the experiments. These were administered to rats orally at the dose of 0.05-1.0 g/kg for 22 d. Rats were given free access to water and nonpurified diet without cholesterol, and the differences in fecal excretion of steroids and gymnemic acids were investigated. Although there were no significant effects of GSE, GSA and GSF decreased body weight gain and food intakes in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). GSF (1.0 g/kg) significantly increased fecal excretion of neutral steroids and bile acids in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), especially those of cholesterol and cholic acid (CA)-derived bile acids. The increases in fecal steroid excretion of cholesterol, total neutral steroids, total bile acids and CA-related bile acids were acute and significantly correlated with fecal gymnemagenin levels (r2 = 0.2316-0.9861, P < 0. 05). These results demonstrated for the first time that a high dose of gymnemic acids increases fecal cholesterol and CA-derived bile acid excretion. Further studies are needed to clarify the effect of gymnemic acids on cholesterol metabolism. (+info)Structure, evolution, and liver-specific expression of sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase P450 (CYP8B). (7/334)
The rat CYP8B cDNA encoding sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase was cloned and sequenced. The amino acid sequence of the heme-binding region of CYP8B was close to those of CYP7A (cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase) and CYP7B (oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase). Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that CYP8B and the CYP7 family derive from a common ancestor. The P450s of the CYP7 and CYP8 families, except for CYP8A (prostacyclin synthase), catalyze the oxygenation of sterols from an alpha surface in the middle of the steroid skeleton. These facts suggest that CYP8B is a P450 closely linked to those of the CYP7 family. CYP8B was expressed specifically in liver. Hepatic CYP8B mRNA level and the 12alpha-hydroxylase activity were altered by cholestyramine feeding, starvation, streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, and administration of clofibrate, dexamethasone or thyroxin, indicating the pretranslational regulation of CYP8B expression. The enhanced CYP8B mRNA expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was significantly decreased by insulin within 3 h of its administration. These facts demonstrate a regulatory role of insulin in CYP8B expression as a suppressor. (+info)Gallstone formation and gallbladder mucosal changes in mice fed a lithogenic diet. (8/334)
To investigate the pathologic change of gallbladder mucosa related to gallstone formation, 52 mice were fed a lithogenic diet containing 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid and we evaluated the sequential morphologic changes in the gallbladder from two days to 40 weeks. Cholesterol gallstones began to appear after two weeks and all the mice had gallstones after eight weeks. At two days, the mitotic index was at its highest. The gallbladder mucosa showed progressive hyperplastic change with earlier papillary projection of the folds and later inward proliferation. At the same time of stone formation, mucous cells forming glands appeared. Their histochemical profile of mucin was different from that of normal epithelium. Numbers of mucous cells increased gradually until 24 weeks but slightly decreased afterward. These results suggest hyperplasia and metaplasia are closely related to the gallstone formation. Hyperplasia is probably reactive to irritating effect of lithogenic bile or stone. Metaplasia and cholesterol gallstone may develop simultaneously, and act synergistically. (+info)
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CHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%) - Creative Proteomics
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Cholic acid
Cholic (definition) by Webster 1913 - Everything2.com
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DiVA - Search result
Plus it
Cholic Products
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Plus it
Hydrogen bonding asymmetric star-shape derivative of bile acid leads to supramolecular fibrillar aggregates that wrap into...
chenodeoxycholic | Acid Reflux Disease Remedy
Deoxycholic Acid
- Sodium Deoxycholate
Summary | CureHunter Mobile
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Cyclosporin A blocks bile acid synthesis in cultured hepatocytes by specific inhibition of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis |...
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Altered Bile Acid Metabolism during Treatment with Phenobarbitone | Clinical Science | Portland Press
教員情報
- 小室 晃彦
| 新潟薬科大学
Bile acids lower triglyceride levels via a pathway involving FXR, SHP, and SREBP-1c<...
Hematopoietically expressed homeobox is a target gene of farnesoid X receptor in chenodeoxycholic acid-induced liver...
US5238917A - High-absorbable transvaginal preparation containing biologically active polypeptide
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DEOXYCHOLIC ACID (2,2,4,4-D4, 98%) - Creative Proteomics
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Lipid Metabolism sub-cluster 72
Woman gets answers, life back after digestive issues - Mayo Clinic Health System
Influence of Deoxycholic Acid on Biliary Lipids in Man | Clinical Science | Portland Press
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA (HMDB0006292)
Human Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA (HMDB0006292)
Study of Bile Acids in Patients With Peroxisomal Disorders - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Phospholipids and bile acids as diffusional carriers of Na+ across nonpolar media - Accatino - 1988 - Hepatology - Wiley Online...
Abstract 392: Loss of SHP Protects LDLRKO from Diet-induced Hypercholesterolemia | Circulation
OpenEmory | Search Results
OpenEmory | Search Results
Bile Acid Profile Test | VCGS
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Glycocholic Acid
Summary Report | CureHunter
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Kybella - Deoxycholic Acid - The UCLA Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
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KEGG ENZYME: 6.2.1.28
KEGG REACTION: R07204
Diazyme Receives FDA 510(K) Approval for Enzymatic Total Bile Acids Assay Kit | General Atomics
Anhui Chem-Bright Bioengineering Co.,Ltd /Сompanies
SLC27A5 - Bile acyl-CoA synthetase - Homo sapiens (Human) - SLC27A5 gene & protein
Intestinal bile acid receptors are key regulators of glucose homeostasis - CNKI学术搜索
Developmental pattern of 3-oxo-Δ4 bile acids in neonatal bile acid metabolism | ADC Fetal & Neonatal Edition
Farnesoid X receptor - Wikipedia
Frontiers | Bile Acid Signaling Pathways from the Enterohepatic Circulation to the Central Nervous System | Neuroscience
Influence of Gallogen and Diethanolamine Upon Induced Hypercholesterolemia in the Rat | Circulation Research
One, Two, Three . . . and Theyre Out! FDA Issues Third Rare Pediatric Disease Priority Review Voucher, Triggering One-Year...
Acting Locally | Science Signaling
Variation in susceptibility to atherosclerosis among inbred strains o by B Paigen, A Morrow et al.
hepatic caeca in cockroach
Introduction of Aromatic Ring-Containing Substituents in Cyclic Nucleotides Is Associated with Inhibition of Toxin Uptake by...
Congenital bile acid synthesis defect, type 1 | Rare Diseases | RareGuru
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Cholate synthetase definition | Drugs.com
Cholic acid - Medicines Management
Cholic Acid (Cholbam) | Davis's Drug Guide
Find information on Cholic Acid (Cholbam) in Daviss Drug Guide including dosage, side effects, interactions, nursing ... cholic acid is a topic covered in the Daviss Drug Guide. To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a subscription. ... "Cholic Acid." Daviss Drug Guide, 16th ed., F.A. Davis Company, 2020. Anesthesia Central, anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia ... Davis-Drug-Guide/110190/all/cholic_acid. Vallerand AHA, Sanoski CAC, Quiring CC. Cholic acid. Daviss Drug Guide. F.A. Davis ...
3,4-(13)C(2)]-CHOLIC-ACID - SpectraBase
Avhandlingar.se: FATTY ACID METABOLISM
Avhandlingar om FATTY ACID METABOLISM. Sök bland 101266 avhandlingar från svenska högskolor och universitet på Avhandlingar.se. ... in the absence of cholic acid. LÄS MER ... bile acids; fatty acids; CYP4A; CYP8B; genome; porcine; ... Linoleic acid; Intralipid; Interconversion; Gastrointestinal tract; Plasma free fatty acids; Fasting; Dietary fatty acids; ... which are involved in bile acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism. Hyocholic acid is considered to fulfil the requirements ...
Pediatric GI Research - NASPGHAN - Goryeb
The patient was started on treatment with cholic acid (CA). After one year on therapy, she gained weight and grew, her liver ... In "High Index of Suspicion for Bile Acid Synthesis Defect in an Atypical Presentation of Liver Disease," Schuckalo presents a ... "High Index of Suspicion for Bile Acid Synthesis Defect in an Atypical Presentation of Liver Disease." ...
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 | DrugBank Online
Chenodeoxycholic acid. approved. unknown. Details. DB02659. Cholic Acid. approved. unknown. Details. DB03619. Deoxycholic acid ... G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1. Details. Name. G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1. Kind. protein. Organism. Humans ... G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1. Q8TDU6. Details. Drug Relations. Drug Relations. DrugBank ID. Name. Drug group. ...
APIs,APIs Suppliers,APIs Manufacturers
Bile Acids, Fractionated | MLabs
Cholic Acid: , or = 5.0 nmol/mL; Chenodoxycholic Acid: , or = 6.0 nmol/mL; Deoxycholic Acid: , or = 6.0 nmol/mL; ... Ursodeoxycholic Acid: , or = 2.0 nmol/mL; Total Bile Acids: , or = 19.0 nmol/mL. ... Bile acids are elevated in individuals with liver dysfunction, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of ...
Ceramidases - PDGFR has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease
... cholic acid; CD, Crohns Disease; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; DAPI, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DCA, deoxycholic acid; DMOG, ... Outcomes Intracellular HIF-1 was destabilised in the current presence of bile acids in every cell lines examined. Bile acids ... 2. This qualified prospects to microbiome modulation of specific bile acid information (CDCA and DCA). 3. Both bile acids ... dimethyloxaloglycine; LX7101 DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; EHC, enterohepatic circulation ...
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Cholic Acid (from ox bile) *Pancreatin (4 XUSP) [porcine]. Other ingredients: Microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium ... GB-3 is a formula containing bile acids and synergistic factors. GB-3 acts to enhance biliary output, assisting removal of ... magnesium vegetable stearate, vegetable stearic acid, silicon dioxide, film coating (hypromellose, glycerin, hydroxypropyl ...
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Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. ... Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. ... Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. ... and add a bile salt such as sodium cholate or cholic acid. Contact us for more information, modifications, or possible control ...
fat | Today's Top Health Tips
Cholesterol is needed synthesis vitamin D, cholic acid, and several hormones.. Q: What is a food high in omega-3 fatty acid and ... A: A food high in omega 3 fatty acid is walnuts (1/4 cup) 2.72g and a food high in omega 6 fatty acid is (again) walnuts (1/4 ... cup) 11.4g. Another one is sunflower seeds (1/4 cup) 10.5g of Omega 6 fatty acid. ... a food high in omega-6 fatty acid.. ...
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bodily fluids | Acid Reflux Disease Remedy
Two chief bile acids produced in the body include chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid. These acids assist in the creation of ... Tags: Acid Reflux, bile acid, bodily fluids, canaliculi, chenodeoxycholic, cholic acid, gall bladder, hepatocytem, hepatocytes ... Cholesterol gets converted into chenodeoxycholic and cholic acids, which are two forms of bile acid. These are combined with ... 10 Acid Reflux Facts You Should Know. Fact #1. Acid Reflux begins as a burning pain behind the breastbone, and it then usually ...
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Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable polyurethanes made from cholic acid and L-lysine diisocyanate ethyl ester ... Consequences of Simple Acid-Pretreatments on Geopolymerization and Thermal Stability of Red Mud-Based Geopolymers ... Consequences of Simple Acid-Pretreatments on Geopolymerization and Thermal Stability of Red Mud-Based Geopolymers ... Altınkök Özgün Makale Biodegradable polymersPolymer synthesisPolyurethaneThermal propertiesStep-growth polymerizationBILE-ACIDS ...
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The liver uses cholesterol to synthesize cholic acid, which is discharged into the gastrointestinal tract with bile to ... And fatty acids can lower blood pressure, triglycerides and prevent stroke.. 4、牛奶牛奶含有丰富的乳清酸和钙质,它既能抑制胆固醇沉积于动脉血管壁,又能抑制人体内胆固醇合成的活性 ... 4. Milk and milk are rich in whey acid and calcium, which can not only inhibit the deposition of cholesterol in the arterial ... After that, some of the bile acid
Symptoms of CTX - CTX Awareness | Leadiant Biosciences, Ltd.
... and cholic acid (CA).7. Mutations in the CYP27A1 gene cause the sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme to malfunction and interfere with ... The sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme works in the liver to break down cholesterol to form the primary bile acids chenodeoxycholic ... the formation of primary bile acids. The disruption of these metabolic pathways also leads to the formation and accumulation of ...
Fasting lowers blood pressure by reshaping the gut microbiota
"Supporting this finding, we found that supplementing animals with cholic acid, a primary bile acid, also significantly reduced ... Among the changes we observed, alterations in products of bile acid metabolism stood out as potential mediators of blood ... The team discovered that the SHRSP hypertensive animals that were fed normally had lower bile acids in circulation than ... On the other hand, SHRSP animals that followed an intermittent feeding schedule had more bile acids in the circulation. ...
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Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase-deficient mice are protected from high-fat/high-cholesterol diet-induced metabolic disorders. ·...
... resulting in a more hydrophilic bile acid composition with reduced cholic acid (CA). Surprisingly, Cyp7a1(-/-) mice have ... bile acids and salt/metabolism, *cholesterol/diet, *Lipids, *Liver, 2016, Animal, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts/genetics/ ... bile acids and salt/metabolism; *cholesterol/diet; *lipids; *liver; Animal; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts/genetics/metabolism; ... Our current study points to a critical role of bile acid composition, rather than bile acid pool size, in regulation of glucose ...
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7-Ketolithocholic Methyl Ester For Obeticholic CAS 10538-59-7 from China
Because CYP7A1 is the rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of cholic acid, it can inhibit cholic acid synthesis and is useful ... Obeticholic acid (Obeticholic Acid), also known as 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid, is a new derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid ... Synonym: (E)-3α-hydroxy-6-ethylidene-7-keto-5β-cholan-24-oic acid;Obeticholic Acid-G; ... Obeticholic Acid intermediate 7-ketolithocholic Methyl ester CAS number is 10538-59-7, also known as Obeticholic acid ...
PTS2
Cholic acid. CRAT Carnitine acetyltransferase. CROT Carnitine O octanoyltransferase. D bifunctional protein deficiency MFP2 ... Phytanic acid. Pristanic acid. PTS1. PTS2. Racemase deficiency. Refsum s disease. Rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. SCP2. ... Biochemistry and genetics of inherited disorders of peroxisomal fatty acid metabolism.. [20558530] J Lipid Res 51(10): 2863-95 ... Fatty acids (oxidation). HACL1 2 Hydroxyacyl CoA lyase 1. HAO2 Hydroxyacid oxidase 2 long chain. HSD17B4. HSDL2 Hydroxysteroid ...
ChenodeoxycholicCholbamCholesterolEffects of cholic acidMetabolismTaurocholicSaltsDerivativesLiverAcetic acidSynthesisCapsulesGlobal Cholic AcidCHOLATEPrimary bile acidsConjugates of cholicConjugateFattyGlycineSteroidEnterohepatic circulationCholestasisAmino acidSodiumAtypical bile acidsMass spectrometryPolymersAbsorptionPhospholipidsLithocholicCitricMoleculeCarboxylic acidsUrsodeoxycholic acidDesoxycholic AcidExposed to bile acidsDisordersCapsuleFatsSoluble in waterBiliarySerumInsoluble2020Secondary bile acidsMolecularMajor bile acidsGlycocholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic19
- Cholic acid, along with chenodeoxycholic acid, is one of the two major bile acids produced by the liver, where it is synthesized from cholesterol. (wikipedia.org)
- This is why chenodeoxycholic acid, and not cholic acid, can be used to treat gallstones (because decreasing bile acid synthesis would supersaturate the stones even more). (wikipedia.org)
- Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are the most important human bile acids. (wikipedia.org)
- Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment of gallstones. (wikipedia.org)
- The two main bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, are both made from cholesterol in the liver and pass into the bile in combination with amino acids, as bile salts. (lexico.com)
- Bile acids, primarily cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid, result from cholesterol metabolism in the liver and are involved in emulsification and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. (lexico.com)
- Full structure of the RamR dimer with two molecules of cholic or chenodeoxycholic acid. (eurekalert.org)
- Both cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids. (eurekalert.org)
- We then used surface plasmon resonance analysis to show that RamR binds directly to the primary bile acids cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. (eurekalert.org)
- The incidence of gall bladder disease in the United and chenodeoxycholic acid, are synthesized from States exceeds 20 million cases annually. (yudu.com)
- From cholic acide by five steps obtained chenodeoxycholic acide. (bvsalud.org)
- This assay uses LC/MS-MS to quantify the free acid, glycine-conjugate and taurine-conjugate forms of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid. (labcorp.com)
- The liver synthesizes cholesterol into two primary bile acids, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. (labcorp.com)
- A fraction of chenodeoxycholic acid is also transformed into the tertiary bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid. (labcorp.com)
- The hepatic BA synthesizing pathways lead to formation of the primary chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) and cholic (CA) acids which are, in part, conjugated with taurine and glycine to form amidated acids [1]. (thefreelibrary.com)
- In humans, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid (derivatives of cholic acid ) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (derivatives of chenodeoxycholic acid ) are the major bile salts. (wikipedia.org)
- [5] The salts of their 7-alpha-dehydroxylated derivatives, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid , are also found, with derivatives of cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids accounting for over 90% of human biliary bile acids. (wikipedia.org)
- Bile acid synthesis occurs in liver cells , which synthesize primary bile acids ( cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in humans) via cytochrome P450 -mediated oxidation of cholesterol in a multi-step process. (wikipedia.org)
- Cholic acid is converted into deoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid into lithocholic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Cholbam13
- Cholic acid, sold under the brand name Cholbam, is approved for use in the United States and is indicated as a treatment for children and adults with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects, and for peroxisomal disorders (such as Zellweger syndrome). (wikipedia.org)
- PubChem] Cholic acid, formulated as Cholbam capsules, is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a treatment for children and adults with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects, and for peroxisomal disorders (such as Zellweger syndrome). (drugbank.ca)
- Cholic acid will be marketed as Cholbam by Asklepion Pharmaceuticals, the FDA said in its statement. (freethesaurus.com)
- CHOLBAM ® (cholic acid) capsules, for oral use [prescribing information]. (cholbam.com)
- The safety and effectiveness of CHOLBAM ® on extrahepatic manifestations of bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects or peroxisomal disorder including Zellweger spectrum disorders have not been established. (cholbam.com)
- Monitor liver function and discontinue CHOLBAM ® (cholic acid) in patients who develop worsening of liver function while on treatment. (cholbam.com)
- Bile Acid Resins and Aluminum-Based Antacids: Take CHOLBAM ® at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours (or at as great an interval as possible) after a bile acid binding resin or aluminum-based antacids. (cholbam.com)
- On March 17th, 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Cholbam (cholic acid) capsules, the first FDA approved treatment for pediatric and adult patients with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects, and for patients with peroxisomal disorders (including Zellweger spectrum disorders). (globalgenes.org)
- The efficacy of Cholbam for the treatment of patients with bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects was assessed in an uncontrolled trial involving 50 patients treated over an 18 year period. (globalgenes.org)
- Cholbam did not affect other manifestations of bile acid disorders due to single enzyme defects or peroxisomal disorders such as neurologic symptoms. (globalgenes.org)
- CHOLBAM is a treatment for infants, children and adults who have a rare condition called bile acid synthesis disorders. (fda.gov)
- CHOLBAM was studied for the treatment of bile acid synthesis disorders due to what are called single enzyme defects (SEDs). (fda.gov)
- In the trials that supported the FDA approval of CHOLBAM, 64% of patients with rare bile acid synthesis disorders had improvement in body weight as a measure of growth as well as improvements in liver tests that are expected to be related to less liver damage. (fda.gov)
Cholesterol21
- Cholic acid downregulates cholesterol-7-α-hydroxylase (rate-limiting step in bile acid synthesis), and cholesterol does the opposite. (wikipedia.org)
- Cholesterol is converted into dozens of primary and secondary bile acids through pathways subject to negative feedback regulation mediated by the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and other effectors. (nih.gov)
- Feedback regulation of the rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) is lost in Cyp8b1(-/-) mice, causing expansion of the bile acid pool and alterations in cholesterol metabolism. (nih.gov)
- The nucleus of the bile acids is closely related to cholesterol, from which they are formed in the liver, and this conversion depends on their relative concentrations. (inchem.org)
- atherosclerosis must be induced by feeding a diet containing 15% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, and 0.5% cholic acid. (lexico.com)
- As much as 80% of the cholesterol may be converted into cholic acid which is conjugated with other substances to form bile salts which facilitate digestion and absorption of fats. (lexico.com)
- In our study, as well as in previously feeding experiments with rats [24] was observed that cholesterol, fat component and cholic acid addition to normal diet increase plasma cholesterol concentration, i. (freethesaurus.com)
- These two molecules are named cholic acid and 24,25-EC, and are bile acid and a derivate of cholesterol, respectively. (freethesaurus.com)
- Since the discovery that high cholesterol diet, with or without cholic acid , was per se atherogenic in mice, attention has focused on models based on dietary supplementation with purified cholesterol. (freethesaurus.com)
- The acute antiprotozoal effect of hederagenin derivatives was more pronounced than that of cholesterol and cholic acid derivatives. (frontiersin.org)
- Modifications in the structure of hederagenin, cholesterol, and cholic acid derivatives resulted in compounds with different biological activities in terms of acute effect and stability, although those which were highly toxic to protozoa were not always the most stable over time. (frontiersin.org)
- Individuals with these rare disorders lack the enzymes needed to synthesize cholic acid, a primary bile acid normally produced in the liver from cholesterol. (globalgenes.org)
- While bile acids (BAs) have long been known to be essential in dietary lipid absorption and cholesterol catabolism, in recent years an important role for BAs as signalling molecules has emerged. (nih.gov)
- N Engl J Med 291:689-692, 1974), BILE acids are formed in the liver from cholesterol, stored and concentrated in the gallbladder, and secreted into the intestine after the ingestion of a meal. (elsevier.com)
- 1 In addition, bile acids are required for cholesterol absorption, fat-soluble vitamin absorption, and to provide resistance to overgrowth of intestinal bacteria. (labcorp.com)
- Bile acids are formed in the liver from cholesterol, stored and concentrated in the gallbladder, and excreted into the intestines in response to food. (labcorp.com)
- Bile acids (BAs) exert an essential role in the control of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis and constitute the major endogenous component of the human bile [1]. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Bile acids comprise about 80% of the organic compounds in bile (others are phospholipids and cholesterol ). (wikipedia.org)
- This enzyme is down-regulated by cholic acid, up-regulated by cholesterol and is inhibited by the actions of the ileal hormone FGF15/19 . (wikipedia.org)
- Synthesis of bile acids is a major route of cholesterol metabolism in most species other than humans. (wikipedia.org)
- The body produces about 800 mg of cholesterol per day and about half of that is used for bile acid synthesis producing 400-600 mg daily. (wikipedia.org)
Effects of cholic acid2
- This is to track the outcome of the pregnancy and to evaluate any effects of cholic acid on the baby. (uofmhealth.org)
- What are the possible side effects of cholic acid? (uofmhealth.org)
Metabolism8
- This amount is unlikely to affect the normal equilibrium of bile acid metabolism. (inchem.org)
- A Phase III, open label, single arm, nonrandomized, non-comparative, compassionate treatment study of cholic acid in the treatment of defects of bile acid metabolism. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Investigation in the Pathogenesis of Liver Disease in Patients With Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Metabolism. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In the first part of the review, we discuss the main gut microorganisms, particularly bacteria, and microbial pathways associated with the metabolism of dietary carbohydrates (to short chain fatty acids and gases), proteins, plant polyphenols, bile acids, and vitamins. (springer.com)
- Inborn Errors of Bile Acid Metabolism. (nih.gov)
- Inborn errors of bile acid metabolism are rare causes of neonatal cholestasis and liver disease in older children and adults. (nih.gov)
- It was found that altered bile acid, amino acid, and energy metabolism might be at least partly responsible for OA-induced hepatotoxicity. (frontiersin.org)
- Bile acid metabolism, as the most important pathway, was verified by using UHPLC-TSQ-MS, indicating that conjugated bile acids were the main contributors to OA-induced liver toxicity. (frontiersin.org)
Taurocholic6
- Derivatives are made from cholyl-CoA, which exchanges its CoA with either glycine, or taurine, yielding glycocholic and taurocholic acid, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
- Most noteworthy were two general phenotypes displayed by nearly every strain tested: (i) they were more susceptible (up to 256-fold in some cases) to the deconjugated bile acid cholic acid than to the conjugate taurocholic or taurodeoxycholic acid, and (ii) they became susceptible to aminoglycosides when assayed on agar medium containing 0.5% fractionated bovine bile (ox gall). (asm.org)
- The effect was dramatic, particularly with cholic acid, increasing up to 18-fold, whereas only modest increases, 3- and 5-fold, could be achieved with taurocholic acid and ox gall, respectively. (asm.org)
- Since L. plantarum , particularly strain WCFS1, is known to encode bile salt hydrolase (deconjugation) activity, our data indicate that mainly cholic acid, but not taurocholic acid, effectively permeabilizes the membrane to aminoglycosides. (asm.org)
- These derivatives are made from cholyl-CoA, which exchanges its CoA with either glycine, or taurine, yielding glycocholic and taurocholic acid respectively. (radiantinsights.com)
- Any of the complex acids that occur as salts in bile, e.g., cholic, glycocholic, and taurocholic acids. (tabers.com)
Salts15
- Salts of cholic acid are called cholates. (wikipedia.org)
- C 24 H 40 O 4 Description White, crystalline powder Uses As foam stabilizer Biological Data Biochemical aspects These bile acids and their salts are found as natural constituents of the bile. (inchem.org)
- In normal individuals, additional administration of moderate quantities of bile acids or salts by mouth has no demonstrable effect, since there are enough bile salts present in the intestinal lumen to carry out all the absorptive functions. (inchem.org)
- Acute toxicity Animal Route LD 50 References (mg/kg body-weight) CHOLIC ACID Rabbit i.v. 50 (Na salt) Gillert, 1926 DESOXYCHOLIC ACID Rabbit i.v. 15 (Na salt) Gillert, 1926 In general, bile acids and salts have only a minor toxic potential when given by mouth. (inchem.org)
- Toxic effects that may be attributable to accumulation of bile acids or salts are also seen in obstructive jaundice, since they disappear if cholestyramine, which adsorbs bile acids in the intestinal lumen and prevents their reabsorption, is administered (van Itallie et al. (inchem.org)
- Evaluation Because of their bitter taste, bile acids and their salts tend to be limited in use. (inchem.org)
- It is a steroidal fatty acid and its salts are present in bile. (lexico.com)
- All acids react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). (thefreedictionary.com)
- These rules are demonstrated by the acids and salts: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3 ), sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 ). (thefreedictionary.com)
- acids form salts by replacing all or part of the ionizable hydrogen with an electropositive element or radical. (thefreedictionary.com)
- [1] Bile acids are conjugated with taurine or glycine residues to give anions called bile salts . (wikipedia.org)
- Approximately 600 mg of bile salts are synthesized daily to replace bile acids lost in the feces, although, as described below, much larger amounts are secreted, reabsorbed in the gut and recycled. (wikipedia.org)
- These conjugated bile acids are often referred to as bile salts . (wikipedia.org)
- As a result, the concentration of bile acids/salts in the small intestine is high enough to form micelles and solubilize lipids. (wikipedia.org)
- Which aa's do bile acids conjugate with to form bile salts? (brainscape.com)
Derivatives3
- Six cholic acid derivatives (1-6) were isolated from broth cultures of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UWI-W23, an isolate from the Trinidad Pitch Lake. (ovid.com)
- Of the two major bile acids, cholate derivatives represent approximately eighty percent of all bile acids. (radiantinsights.com)
- This category contains pictures of bile acids and their derivatives. (wikimedia.org)
Liver18
- A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. (drugbank.ca)
- Abnormal bile acids can also build up in the body and become toxic to the liver. (uofmhealth.org)
- Monitor liver function while taking cholic acid. (rxwiki.com)
- Primary bile acids are normally produced by the liver. (icta.fr)
- The absence of cholic acid in these patients leads to reduced bile flow, accumulation of potentially toxic bile acid intermediates in the liver (cholestasis), and malabsorption of fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the diet. (globalgenes.org)
- The liver normally makes bile acids which are needed to help to digest fat and for the body to absorb Vitamins A, D, E, and K. (fda.gov)
- Accumulation of bile acids is a major mediator of cholestatic liver injury. (osti.gov)
- Bile acid levels increased in serum of patients with liver injury, while biliary levels decreased, implicating infarction of the biliary tracts. (osti.gov)
- Cholestatic liver injury is due to cytoplasmic bile acid accumulation in hepatocytes. (osti.gov)
- Cholic acid is an effective treatment of most single-enzyme defects and patients with Zellweger spectrum disorder with liver disease. (nih.gov)
- After facilitating the absorption of dietary lipids, bile acids are themselves absorbed by the small intestine, most efficiently in the ileum, and then carried in the portal blood to the liver, where resecretion into the bile occurs. (elsevier.com)
- Oral cholic acid (CA) replacement has been shown to be an effective therapy in children with primary bile acid synthesis defects, which are rare and severe genetic liver diseases. (blogspot.com)
- Cholic acid is produced by the liver. (eurekalert.org)
- Both primary and secondary acids are reabsorbed and return to the liver via the portal circulation. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Back in the liver, LCA and CDCA sustain additional biotransformation into 6[alpha]-hydroxylated hyodeoxycholic (HDCA) and hyocholic acids (HCA), respectively [1]. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Diverse bile acids are synthesized in the liver . (wikipedia.org)
- Prior to secreting any of the bile acids (primary or secondary, see below), liver cells conjugate them with either glycine or taurine , to form a total of 8 possible conjugated bile acids . (wikipedia.org)
- About 95% of bile acids are reabsorbed by active transport in the ileum and recycled back to the liver for further secretion into the biliary system and gallbladder. (wikipedia.org)
Acetic acid13
- Cholic acid, also known as 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water (soluble in alcohol and acetic acid), it is a white crystalline substance. (wikipedia.org)
- 1g cholic acid dissolved in about 300ml ethanol or acetone, 7ml glacial acetic acid. (chemicalbook.com)
- Plus glacial acetic acid about 10ml, then it should be brown. (chemicalbook.com)
- cholan-24-oic acid is a primary bile acid that is insoluble in water (soluble in alcohol and acetic acid), it is a white crystalline substance. (radiantinsights.com)
- Glacial (highly purified) acetic acid contains at least 99.5% acetic acid by weight. (tabers.com)
- All detergent acetic acid glacial wholesalers & detergent acetic acid glacial manufacturers come from members. (infospaceinc.com)
- We doesn't provide detergent acetic acid glacial products or service, please contact them directly and verify their companies info carefully. (infospaceinc.com)
- Glacial Acetic Acid 99% and 99.5% Property: It's clear liquid, free from suspended matter and with pungent odor. (infospaceinc.com)
- Glacial acetic acid in industry grade GLACIAL ACETIC ACID FOR DETERGENT INDUSTRY Quick Details Classification: Carboxylic Acid Place. (infospaceinc.com)
- Acetic Acid Glacial Property Value Units Test Method Appearance Clear Visual Color(APHA),Pt-Co 10 Max ASTM E302 Acetic Acid 99.15 Min WT% ASTM Formic Acid 0.05 Max WT% AWTM D3546 Acetaldhyde 0.05 Max. (infospaceinc.com)
- Glacial Acetic Acid is used to enhance flavor and maintain stability of active ingredients in food and beverage in detergent industry, as a kind of safe detergent it can aloe be used. (infospaceinc.com)
- month 2.Reasonable price 3.ISO 9001:2000 4.Shipment within 2 weeks 5.Purity:99.5%min Detail information glacial acetic acid Classification:Carboxylic Acid CAS No.: 64-19-7 EINECS No: 200-580-7 UNNO. (infospaceinc.com)
- Glacial Acetic Acid Molecular formula: CH3COOH HS code: 29152111009()/2915211900() Specification Glacial Acetic Acid Tech Grade Appearance Colorless transparent liquid Purity 99.0%min 99.5%min Acetaldehyde 0.05% max 0.05% max Formic acid 0.003. (infospaceinc.com)
Synthesis11
- It is indicated for the treatment of inborn errors in primary bile-acid synthesis due to 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-C27-steroid oxidoreductase deficiency or Δ4-3-oxosteroid-5β-reductase deficiency in infants, children and adolescents aged one month to 18 years and adults. (wikipedia.org)
- Cholic acid is used to treat Bile Acid Synthesis Disorders . (drugs.com)
- Disruption of the sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase gene (Cyp8b1) in mice prevents the synthesis of cholate, a primary bile acid, and its metabolites. (nih.gov)
- The results implicate cholate as an important negative regulator of bile acid synthesis and provide preliminary evidence for ligand-specific gene activation by a nuclear receptor. (nih.gov)
- Kolehmainen, E. Synthesis of Both Ionic Species of Ammonium Dithiocarbamate Derived Cholic Acid Moieties. (mdpi.com)
- GCC's report, Global Cholic Acid (CAS 81-25-4) Market - Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2016-2021, has been prepared based on the synthesis, analysis, and interpretation of information about the global Cholic Acid (CAS 81-25-4) market collected from specialized sources. (radiantinsights.com)
- Cholic acid is a prescription medication used to treat rare bile acid synthesis disorders due to single enzyme defects and for patients with peroxisomal disorders (including Zellweger spectrum disorders). (rxwiki.com)
- However, effective treatments for some of these inborn errors in primary bile acid synthesis exist. (icta.fr)
- Prior to today's approval, patients with these rare bile acid synthesis disorders had no approved treatment options. (globalgenes.org)
- C 10 H 18 N 4 O 6 , a compound intermediate in the synthesis of arginine, formed from citrulline and aspartic acid. (tabers.com)
- Patients with ZWS have a decreased number of hepatic peroxisomes, impaired plasmalogen synthesis (especially in RBCs) and increased levels of VLCFA, bile acids, pipecolic, and phytanic acids. (medscape.com)
Capsules1
- Do not chew, divide, or break cholic acid capsules. (rxwiki.com)
Global Cholic Acid2
- The Global Cholic Acid Industry Report gives an elaborate information about the market size, share and analyzes the complete value chain the report also covers the market dynamics enriching business strategists with quality data about the Cholic Acid market. (decisiondatabases.com)
- Global Cholic Acid market size will increase to Million US$ by 2025, from Million US$ in 2017, at a CAGR of during the forecast period. (decisiondatabases.com)
CHOLATE1
- Cholate (1) also showed activity against MRSA (MICs=125μg/mL) and glycocholic acid (6) against S. cerevisiae (MICs=15.6μg/mL). (ovid.com)
Primary bile acids3
- Other species may synthesize different bile acids as their predominant primary bile acids. (wikipedia.org)
- formed in the colon as bacterial metabolites of the Gall bladder disease has an intimate relationship primary bile acids. (yudu.com)
- The primary bile acids are converted by intestinal bacteria to the secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. (labcorp.com)
Conjugates of cholic2
- The effect of three liquid meals on the serum level of conjugates of cholic acid was determined by radioimmunoassay. (elsevier.com)
- In five patients with cholecystectomy, conjugates of cholic acid increased to lower maxima after the first meal, and then remained elevated throughout the day, returning to base line 14 hours after the evening meal. (elsevier.com)
Conjugate3
- Cholic acid and deoxycholic acid were determined spectrophotometrically at 320 and 385 nm, respectively, after heating in 2:1 sulfuric acid/conjugate. (freethesaurus.com)
- A conjugate of taurine and cholic acid, C 26 H 45 NO 7 S, whose sodium salt is a component of bile. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Conjugating bile acids with amino acids lowers the pKa of the bile-acid/amino-acid conjugate to between 1 and 4. (wikipedia.org)
Fatty7
- These conjugates, obtained by combination of suitable synthetic and natural polymers, peptides, fatty acids and cholic acids, produce by bottom-up processes nanosystems with functional and structural properties that can be tuned to obtain materials responsive to pH, temperature and ionic strength. (uniroma1.it)
- carboxylic acid any organic compound containing the carboxy group (-COOH), including amino and fatty acids. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The FXR-alpha-mediated SHP induction also underlies the downregulation of the hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride biosynthesis and very-low-density lipoprotein production mediated by sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c. (nih.gov)
- C 18 H 30 O 2 , an omega-3 fatty acid derived from plants, esp. (tabers.com)
- C 20 H 32 O 2 , an omega-6 fatty acid formed by the action of enzymes on phospholipids in cell membranes. (tabers.com)
- in diabetic ketoacidosis, when the conversion of fatty acids to ketones increases. (tabers.com)
- N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Stimulate Bile Acid Detoxification in Human Cell Models. (thefreelibrary.com)
Glycine2
- Recent studies indicate bile acid composition between humans and rodents is dramatically different, as humans have a higher percent of glycine conjugated bile acids and increased chenodeoxycholate content, which increases the hydrophobicity index of bile acids. (osti.gov)
- Their glycine and taurine groups are removed to give the secondary bile acids , deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid . (wikipedia.org)
Steroid3
- 3) As organic acids with steroid structure, cholic acid can emulsify fat, promote its digestion. (chemicalbook.com)
- Cholic acid-derived 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes were synthesized in order to explore the influence of steroid carrier on its antimalarial and antiproliferative activity in vitro. (ac.rs)
- Bile acids are steroid acids found predominantly in the bile of mammals and other vertebrates . (wikipedia.org)
Enterohepatic circulation1
- All four of these bile acids recycled, in a process known as enterohepatic circulation . (wikipedia.org)
Cholestasis4
- Individual bile acid levels were determined in serum and bile by UPLC/QTOFMS in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis with, or without, concurrent increases in serum transaminases. (osti.gov)
- Bile acids may be measured to investigate obstructive cholestasis in pregnancy. (labcorp.com)
- For example, in the intestine, cholestasis causes an upregulation of the ileal intestinal bile acid binding protein (I-BABP) transporter resulting in an increased absorption of conjugated BAs by enterocytes [10]. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Objectives To test whether ursodeoxycholic acid reduces pruritus in women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, whether early term delivery does not increase the incidence of caesarean section, and the feasibility of recruiting women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy to trials of these interventions. (bmj.com)
Amino acid3
- C 4 H 7 NO 4 , a nonessential amino acid. (tabers.com)
- To further stabilize the particles, the researchers added the amino acid cysteine (creating CNPs), which prevents them from prematurely releasing their therapeutic payload when exposed to blood proteins and other barriers. (eurekalert.org)
- It always involves more than one amino acid and includes all residues involved in nucleotide-binding. (uniprot.org)
Sodium7
- When the reaction was carried out in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide, only the bile acid derivative of sodium dithiocarbamate was formed. (mdpi.com)
- Each 1ml of 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide corresponds to 40.86 mg of cholic acid (C24 H40O5). (chemicalbook.com)
- Hyaluronic acid preparation is mainly a biological macromolecular substance extracted and refined from cockscomb and human umbilical cord, which appears as sodium hyaluronate sa. (himfr.com)
- 1, Cosmetic grade Hyaluronic acid (sodium hyaluronate ) power 5000-----300W molecular weight 2, Food grade Hyaluronic acid (sodium hyaluronate ) power 5000-----300W molecular weight 3, Pharma gra. (himfr.com)
- Hyaluronic acid , hyaluronic acid powder, sodium hyaluronate , CAS: 9067-32-7, food grade , cosmetic grade , eye drop grade , injection grade I am the professional manufacturer of hyaluronic . (himfr.com)
- Plays a critical role in the sodium-dependent reabsorption of bile acids from the lumen of the small intestine. (uniprot.org)
- Cellulose, silica, stearic acid (vegetable source), magnesium stearate (vegetable source) croscarmellose sodium and pharmaceutical glaze. (iherb.com)
Atypical bile acids1
- 5]-cholenoic acids in patients undergoing cholic acid therapy, in whom reductions in the concentrations of atypical bile acids represent one of the main biochemical endpoints for efficacy. (freethesaurus.com)
Mass spectrometry1
- The diagnosis should be considered in the context of hyperbilirubinemia with normal serum bile acids and made by urinary liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry or DNA testing. (nih.gov)
Polymers2
- C 3 H 4 O 2 , a colorless corrosive acid used in making acrylic polymers and resins. (tabers.com)
- In passive acidification, it has been proposed that cell walls contain acidic polymers composed of residues such as galacturonic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and phosphoric acid. (wikipedia.org)
Absorption2
- the level depends in part on intestinal absorption of these bile acids, which depends in turn on gallbladder contraction and efficient ileal absorption. (elsevier.com)
- [9] Bile acid-containing micelles aid lipases to digest lipids and bring them near the intestinal brush border membrane, which results in fat absorption. (wikipedia.org)
Phospholipids3
- Sreekanth V, Medatwal N, Pal S, Kumar S, Sengupta S, Bajaj A. Molecular Self-Assembly of Bile Acid-Phospholipids Controls the Delivery of Doxorubicin and Mice Survivability. (harvard.edu)
- Sreekanth V, Bajaj A. Number of free hydroxyl groups on bile acid phospholipids determines the fluidity and hydration of model membranes. (harvard.edu)
- Corticosteroids inhibit formation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids when cell membranes are damaged. (tabers.com)
Lithocholic1
- A significant proportion of CDCA and CA can be deconjugated and converted in the respective secondary lithocholic (LCA) and deoxycholic (DCA) acids by resident bacteria from the large intestine [1]. (thefreelibrary.com)
Citric1
- It is a building block or proteins, participates in the citric acid and urea cycles, and is a neurotransmitter. (tabers.com)
Molecule3
- The reaction of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid with CS 2 produced a bile acid derivative of dithiocarbamic acid which further formed an ammonium salt with another molecule of 3-aminopropylamide of cholic acid. (mdpi.com)
- Dr Wang said: "The first molecule we found, cholic acid , influences the production and survival of neurons in what is known as the red nucleus, important for incoming signals from other parts of the brain. (freethesaurus.com)
- ABBR: AHA Any of a class of water-soluble acids derived from fruit or milk, having a hydroxyl moiety in the first position in the molecule. (tabers.com)
Carboxylic acids1
- Esters are prepared by the condensation reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols. (bartleby.com)
Ursodeoxycholic acid6
- 56 women were randomised to ursodeoxycholic acid, 55 to placebo, 30 to early term delivery, and 32 to expectant management. (bmj.com)
- Main outcome measures The primary outcome for ursodeoxycholic acid was maternal itch (arithmetic mean of measures (100 mm visual analogue scale) of worst itch in past 24 hours) and for the timing of delivery was caesarean section. (bmj.com)
- Results Ursodeoxycholic acid reduced itching by −16 mm (95% confidence interval −27 mm to −6 mm), less than the 30 mm difference prespecified by clinicians and women as clinically meaningful. (bmj.com)
- 32% (14/44) of women randomised to ursodeoxycholic acid experienced a reduction in worst itching by at least 30 mm compared with 16% (6/37) randomised to placebo. (bmj.com)
- Conclusions Ursodeoxycholic acid significantly reduces pruritus, but the size of the benefit may be too small for most doctors to recommend it, or for most women to want to take it. (bmj.com)
- A trial to test whether ursodeoxycholic acid reduces adverse perinatal outcomes would have to be large, but is feasible. (bmj.com)
Desoxycholic Acid1
- cholic acid and desoxycholic acid) and cholestanes ([C. (freethesaurus.com)
Exposed to bile acids2
- In uptake studies at pH 6.5, [G- 3 H]gentamicin accumulation increased over control levels when cells of this strain were exposed to bile acids or reserpine but not when they were exposed to carbonyl cyanide m -chlorophenylhydrazone. (asm.org)
- These data suggest human hepatocytes are more resistant to human-relevant bile acids than rodent hepatocytes, and die through necrosis when exposed to bile acids. (osti.gov)
Disorders2
- People with bile acid disorders are unable to produce cholic acid normally. (uofmhealth.org)
- Cholic acid is used in people with bile acid disorders. (uofmhealth.org)
Capsule5
- Do not crush or chew a cholic acid capsule. (uofmhealth.org)
- To make swallowing easier, you may open the cholic acid capsule and sprinkle the medicine into a spoonful of soft food. (uofmhealth.org)
- Cholic acid comes in different capsule sizes. (uofmhealth.org)
- Cholic acid doses are based on weight and you may need to use two different capsule sizes to make up your entire dose. (uofmhealth.org)
- Cholic acid comes in capsule form and is usually taken once or twice daily with food. (rxwiki.com)
Fats4
- Bile acids are produced naturally in the body to aid in digestion of fats and certain nutrients. (uofmhealth.org)
- the duodenal mucosa in response to the ingestion of According to a large study of the Danish popula- fats and amino acids. (yudu.com)
- Bile acids facilitate digestion of dietary fats and oils . (wikipedia.org)
- Thus conjugated bile acids are almost always in their deprotonated (A-) form in the duodenum, which makes them much more water-soluble and much more able to fulfil their physiologic function of emulsifying fats. (wikipedia.org)
Soluble in water1
- A small amount of cholic acid is soluble in water. (chemicalbook.com)
Biliary1
- This was recapitulated by treatment with biliary bile acid concentrations, but not serum concentrations. (osti.gov)
Serum3
- The efficiency of the hepatic clearance from portal blood maintains serum bile acid concentrations at low levels. (elsevier.com)
- Diurnal serum levels of primary conjugated bile acids. (elsevier.com)
- Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Diurnal serum levels of primary conjugated bile acids. (elsevier.com)
Insoluble1
- The pKa of the unconjugated bile acids are between 5 and 6.5, [4] and the pH of the duodenum ranges between 3 and 5, so when unconjugated bile acids are in the duodenum, they are almost always protonated (HA form), which makes them relatively insoluble in water. (wikipedia.org)
20201
- 2020. https://www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-Drug-Guide/110190/all/cholic_acid. (drugguide.com)
Secondary bile acids1
- Secondary bile acids result from bacterial actions in the colon . (wikipedia.org)
Molecular1
- Molecular weight 408.58 Definition Cholic acid after drying contains not less than 98 per cent. (inchem.org)
Major bile acids1
- These two major bile acids are roughly equal in concentration in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Glycocholic acid1
- glycodeoxycholic acid (5) and glycocholic acid (6). (ovid.com)