Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme
A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones.
Pregnenolone
Adrenodoxin
Adrenal Cortex
The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from MESODERM and comprised of three zones (outer ZONA GLOMERULOSA, middle ZONA FASCICULATA, and inner ZONA RETICULARIS) with each producing various steroids preferentially, such as ALDOSTERONE; HYDROCORTISONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; and ANDROSTENEDIONE. Adrenal cortex function is regulated by pituitary ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN.
Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase
A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 11-beta-hydroxylation of steroids in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11B1 gene, is important in the synthesis of CORTICOSTERONE and HYDROCORTISONE. Defects in CYP11B1 cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL).
Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase
Cholesterol
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Adrenal Glands
Cattle
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Steroids
A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Cyclic AMP
Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase
A microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 17-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone or pregnenolone and subsequent cleavage of the residual two carbons at C17 in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP17 gene, generates precursors for glucocorticoid, androgen, and estrogen synthesis. Defects in CYP17 gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL) and abnormal sexual differentiation.
Hormonal regulation of messenger ribonucleic acid expression for steroidogenic factor-1, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage in bovine luteal cells. (1/519)
To examine hormonal regulation of genes pertinent to luteal steroidogenesis, bovine theca and granulosa cells derived from preovulatory follicles were cultured with various combinations of forskolin and insulin. On Day 8 of culture, progesterone production was measured, and mRNA levels of steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) were determined by means of semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Notably, the combination of forskolin plus insulin stimulated progesterone production in luteinized theca cells. This was probably a result of a synergistic interaction between forskolin and insulin, observed on both StAR and P450scc mRNA levels. However, in luteinized granulosa cells (LGC), forskolin and insulin each independently were able to up-regulate the levels of P450scc and StAR mRNA levels, respectively. Moreover, insulin alone was sufficient to maintain the high steady-state levels of StAR mRNA in LGC. Both insulin and insulin-like growth factor I enhanced StAR gene expression in LGC. SF-1 was constitutively expressed in bovine luteal cells; its amounts did not vary between the two luteal cell types or with hormonal treatments. In summary, this study demonstrates a distinct, cell-type specific regulation of StAR and P450scc mRNA in the two bovine luteal cell types. (+info)Luteinizing hormone inhibits conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone in luteal cells from rats on day 19 of pregnancy. (2/519)
We have previously reported that intrabursal ovarian administration of LH at the end of pregnancy in rats induces a decrease in luteal progesterone (P4) synthesis and an increase in P4 metabolism. However, whether this local luteolytic effect of LH is exerted directly on luteal cells or on other structures, such as follicular or stromal cells, to modify luteal function is unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of LH on isolated luteal cells obtained on Day 19 of pregnancy. Incubation of luteal cells with 1, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/ml of ovine LH (oLH) for 6 h did not modify basal P4 production. The addition to the culture medium of 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol (22R-HC, 10 microgram/ml), a membrane-permeable P4 precursor, or pregnenolone (10(-2) microM) induced a significant increase in P4 accumulation in the medium in relation to the control value. When luteal cells were preincubated for 2 h with oLH, a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the 22R-HC- or pregnenolone-stimulated P4 accumulation was observed. Incubation of luteal cells with dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM, a cAMP analogue) plus isobutylmethylxanthine (1 mM, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) also inhibited pregnenolone-stimulated P4 accumulation. Incubation with an inositol triphosphate synthesis inhibitor, neomycin (1 mM), or an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, (8,9-N, N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (1 mM), did not prevent the decrease in pregnenolone-stimulated P4 secretion induced by oLH. It was concluded that the luteolytic action of LH in late pregnancy is due, at least in part, to a direct action on the luteal cells and that an increase in intracellular cAMP level might mediate this effect. (+info)Identification of 17-methyl-18-norandrosta-5,13(17-dien-3beta-ol, the C19 fragment formed by adrenal side chain cleavage of a 20-aryl analog of (20S)-20-hydroxycholesterol. (3/519)
Incubation of (20R)-20-phenyl-5-pregnene-3beta,20-diol, an aromatic analog of (23S)-20-hydroxycholesterol, with an adrenal mitochondrial preparation leads to the formation of four compounds: pregnenolone, phenol, a C8 ketone, acetophenone, and a nonpolar C19 compound. This latter compound has now been identified by reverse isotope dilution analysis and by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as 17-methyl-18-norandrosta-5,13(17)-dien-3beta-ol. From these results it is evident that enzymatic fission of the C-17,20 bond of this synthetic derivative occurs. On the other hand, when (20S)-20-hydroxy[21-14C]cholesterol was used as substrate, the analogous cleavage did not take place. Thus, substitution of an aromatic group on C-20 facilitates side chain cleavage between that carbon atom and the nucleus whereas neither of the naturally occuring precursors, cholesterol or its 20-hydroxylated counterpart, are metabolized to a C8 fragment. (+info)Enzymatic properties of vesicle-reconstituted human cytochrome P450SCC (CYP11A1) differences in functioning of the mitochondrial electron-transfer chain using human and bovine adrenodoxin and activation by cardiolipin. (4/519)
The recently reported heterologous expression and purification of both human cytochrome P450SCC and adrenodoxin [Woods, S.T., Sadleir, J., Downs, T., Triantopoulos, T., Haedlam, M.J. & Tuckey, R.C. (1998) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 353, 109-115] has enabled us to perform studies with the membrane-reconstituted human enzymes to better understand the side-chain cleavage reaction in humans. Human P450SCC was successfully reconstituted into dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles with and without cardiolipin and its enzymatic properties characterized in the membrane-bound state. Enhancement of the P450SCC activity and significant activation by cardiolipin were observed when human adrenodoxin instead of bovine adrenodoxin was used as electron donor. In the absence of cardiolipin, Km for cholesterol was decreased twice in the case of human adrenodoxin indicating enhanced cholesterol binding. On the other hand, in the presence of cardiolipin in the membrane both Km and V for cholesterol were decreased with human adrenodoxin as electron donor. Kinetic analysis of the interaction between human P450SCC and its redox partners provided evidence for enhanced binding of the human electron donor to human P450SCC indicated by both an increased V and decreased Kd for human adrenodoxin compared with the values with bovine adrenodoxin. Because no similar effects were observed in Tween 20 micelles, these results suggest that the phospholipid membrane may play an important role in the interaction of human adrenodoxin with human P450SCC. (+info)Dynamics of periovulatory steroidogenesis in the rhesus monkey follicle after ovarian stimulation. (5/519)
The temporal relationships and regulation of events in the primate follicle during the periovulatory interval are poorly understood. This study was designed to elucidate the dynamics of steroid synthesis in the macaque follicle during ovarian stimulation cycles in which serum/follicular fluid aspirates were collected at precise intervals before (0 h) and after (up to 36 h) administration of the ovulatory human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) bolus. Serum concentrations of progesterone increased (P < 0.05) within 30 min, and follicular fluid progesterone concentrations were elevated 180-fold within 12 h, of HCG injection, and remained elevated until the time of ovulation. In contrast, 17beta-oestradiol concentrations increased initially, but then declined (P < 0.05) by 36 h post-HCG. Acute incubation of granulosa cells with and without steroidogenic substrates demonstrated that: (i) 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and aromatase activities were present in equivalent amounts before and after HCG; whereas (ii) P450 side-chain cleavage activity increased (P < 0.05) within 12 h of HCG; and (iii) exogenous low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol were not utilized for steroidogenesis. This model should be useful for further studies on ovulation and luteinization in primates, and enable elucidation of the local actions of progesterone and other steroids at specific time points during the periovulatory interval. (+info)Paracrine glucocorticoid activity produced by mouse thymic epithelial cells. (6/519)
Previous data have suggested that glucocorticoids (GCs) are involved in the differentiation of thymocytes into mature T cells. In this report we demonstrate that the mouse thymic epithelial cells (TEC) express the cytochrome P450 hydroxylases Cyp11A1, Cyp21, and Cyp11B1. These enzymes, in combination with 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3betaHSD), convert cholesterol into corticosterone, the major GC in rodents. In addition, when TEC were cocultured with 'reporter cells' containing the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and a GR-dependent reporter gene, a specific induction of reporter gene activity was observed. Induction of reporter gene activity was blocked when the TEC and reporter cells were incubated in the presence of the Cyp11B1 inhibitor metyrapone or the 3betaHSD inhibitor trilostane, as well as by the GR antagonist RU486. Coculturing of TEC with thymocytes induced apoptosis in the latter, which was partially blocked by the enzyme inhibitors and RU486. We conclude that TEC secrete a GC hormone activity and suggest a paracrine role for this in thymocyte development. (+info)Steroidogenic enzyme expression in human corpora lutea in the presence and absence of exogenous human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). (7/519)
In a human conception cycle, the expected decline in progesterone production by the corpus luteum during the late luteal phase is prevented by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) secreted by the implanting blastocyst. This study investigated the expression of components of the synthetic pathway for progesterone in human corpora lutea in the presence and absence of HCG in vivo. Corpora lutea were obtained from: (i) normally cycling women at the time of hysterectomy and classified on the basis of the urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) surge as early (n = 3), mid- (n = 3), or late luteal (n = 3); or (ii) women who had received daily doubling doses of HCG (n = 3) to 'rescue' the corpus luteum. Expression patterns of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc) and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) were investigated by Northern blotting, in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Luteal 'rescue' with HCG was associated with the continued expression of these components. In the late luteal phase, in the absence of HCG, expression remained but was more variable. The expression of 3beta-HSD mRNA was significantly reduced during the luteal phase (P<0.01). In conclusion, during luteal 'rescue', HCG acts to maintain the steroidogenic pathway. In the absence of HCG, the decline in progesterone production begins in the presence of the main components of the steroidogenic pathway. While unlikely to initiate this decline, the altered expression levels of these components, particularly that of 3beta-HSD, may contribute to the continued reduction in progesterone production. (+info)Growth factor modulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and luteinization in the pig ovary. (8/519)
In vivo and in vitro luteinization were investigated in the porcine ovary, with emphasis on expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). StAR mRNA and protein as well as cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage mRNA (P450scc) increased during the luteal phase in the corpus luteum (CL) and were absent in regressed CL. Cytochrome P450 aromatase mRNA (P450arom) was not detectable at any time in CL. In vitro luteinization of granulosa cells occurred over 96 h in culture, during which P450arom mRNA was present at 1 h after cell isolation but not detectable at 6 h; and P450scc and StAR mRNAs were first detectable at 6 h and 48 h, respectively. Incubation of cultures with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, 10 ng/ml), dibutyryl cAMP (cAMP, 300 microM), or their combination, induced measurable StAR mRNA at 24 h (p < 0.05), increased progesterone accumulation at 48 h, and elevated both StAR and P450scc expression through 96 h. Incubation of luteinized granulosa cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF, 10 nM) changed their phenotype from epithelioid to fibroblastic, eliminated steady-state StAR expression, and interfered with cAMP induction of StAR mRNA and progesterone accumulation. EGF had little apparent effect on P450scc mRNA abundance. It is concluded that StAR expression characterizes luteinization, and early luteinization is induced by cAMP and IGF-I in vitro. Further, EGF induces a morphological and functional phenotype that appears similar to an earlier stage of granulosa cell function. (+info)
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme
... is commonly referred to as P450scc, where "scc" is an acronym for side-chain cleavage. ... side-chain-cleaving). Other names include: The highest level of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage system is found in the ... Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors include aminoglutethimide, ketoconazole, and mitotane, among others. ... Chung BC, Matteson KJ, Voutilainen R, Mohandas TK, Miller WL (December 1986). "Human cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, ...
Aminoglutethimide
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc; CYP11A1) (~20,000 nM). Inhibits the conversion of cholesterol into ... In terms of the latter property, it inhibits enzymes such as cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1, P450scc) and ... Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors, Glutarimides, Hepatotoxins, Hormonal antineoplastic drugs, Withdrawn drugs, ... AG has many side effects and is a relatively toxic medication, although its side effects are described as usually relatively ...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
... cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme), STAR (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; StAR), CYB5A (cytochrome b5), and CYPOR ... It results from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Most of ... The clinical presentation of each form is different and depends to a large extent on the underlying enzyme defect, its ... In 75% of cases of severe enzyme deficiency, insufficient aldosterone production can lead to salt wasting, failure to thrive, ...
Pregnenolone sulfate
Pregnenolone itself is produced from cholesterol via cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. Pregnenolone sulfate, also known ... as pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one 3β-sulfate, is a naturally occurring pregnane steroid and a derivative of cholesterol. It is the C3β ...
Dehydroepiandrosterone
DHEA is synthesized from cholesterol via the enzymes cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1; P450scc) and 17α- ... DHEA is transformed into DHEA-S by sulfation at the C3β position via the sulfotransferase enzymes SULT2A1 and to a lesser ... including the enzymes CYP2C11 and 11β-HSD1 - the latter of which is essential for the biosynthesis of the glucocorticoids such ...
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
DHEA is synthesized from cholesterol via the enzymes cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1; P450scc) and 17α- ... Then, DHEA-S is formed by sulfation of DHEA at the C3β position via the sulfotransferase enzymes SULT2A1 and to a lesser extent ...
Desmolase
Examples of desmolases are: Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, also called 20,22-desmolase; converts cholesterol to ... Steroidogenic enzyme Wallerstein, Leo (1939). "Enzyme Preparations from Microorganisms: Commercial Production and Industrial ... These enzymes play a significant role in cellular respiration and in fermentation. Desmolases are involved in steroidogenesis. ... A desmolase is any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation or destruction of carbon-carbon bonds within a molecule. ...
Adrenodoxin reductase
"Comparison of the immunochemical properties of human placental and bovine adrenal cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme ... The FAD and NADP binding sites of the enzyme were predicted by sequence analysis of the enzyme. While the FAD-binding site has ... Immmunofluorescent staining shows that enzyme is localized in mitochondria. The enzyme is also expressed in the liver, the ... "Conservation of the Enzyme-Coenzyme Interfaces in FAD and NADP Binding Adrenodoxin Reductase-A Ubiquitous Enzyme". Journal of ...
Menstrual cycle
In the corpus luteum, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, which is converted to ... An enzyme called plasmin breaks up the blood clots in the menstrual fluid, which eases the flow of blood and broken down lining ... which is converted to estrogen by the enzyme aromatase. The estrogen inhibits further production of FSH and LH by the pituitary ...
Ferredoxin
... a CYP450 enzyme responsible for cholesterol side chain cleavage. FDX-1 has the capability to bind to metals and proteins. ... This conserved region is also found as a domain in various metabolic enzymes and in multidomain proteins, such as aldehyde ... The energy converting hydrogenases (Ech) are a family of enzymes that reversibly couple the transfer of electrons between Fd ... Since the cyclase is a ferredoxin dependent enzyme this may provide a mechanism for coordination between photosynthesis and the ...
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia
... and ambiguous genitalia Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme Cholesterol, sex hormone ... cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme). However, few cases of lipoid CAH due to a mutation and defect of P450scc have been ... "Heterozygous mutation in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (p450scc) gene in a patient with 46,XY sex reversal and ... "Severe combined adrenal and gonadal deficiency caused by novel mutations in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc ...
Walter L. Miller (endocrinologist)
Chung, B. C; Matteson, K. J; Voutilainen, R; Mohandas, T. K; Miller, W. L (1986). "Human cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme ... To enter mitochondria, where the P450scc enzyme resides, cholesterol requires the action of a protein called StAR, ( ... rate-limiting enzyme in steroid hormone production from cholesterol and CYP17A1 (also known as P450c17), which catalyzes two ... He systematically studied and cloned many genes for enzymes involved in steroid metabolism. Most notable were CYP11A1 (also ...
CYP11 family
This family contains many enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, such as Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), ... Roles of promiscuity and co-evolution of enzymes and steroid receptors". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular ...
Levoketoconazole
... has also been found to inhibit CYP11A1 (cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme) and CYP51A1 (lanosterol-14α- ... Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors, CYP17A1 inhibitors, Dioxolanes, Enantiopure drugs, Lanosterol 14α- ... Levoketoconazole is the levorotatory or (2S,4R) enantiomer of ketoconazole, and it is an inhibitor of the enzymes CYP11B1 (11β- ... cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase), theoretically resulting in further reduced interference with bile acid production and metabolite ...
UBP1
... that regulate steroidogenic factor-1-independent human placental transcription of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, ...
Jagannath Ganguly
Effect of vitamin A deprivation on the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme activity of testes and ovaries of rats: M. ... Fatty acid specificity for the etherification of vitamin A and cholesterol by intestinal and pancreatic enzymes in rats: S. K. ... 1961 High cholesterol diet and esterification of cholesterol by the intestinal mucosa of rats: S. K. Murthy, S. Mahadevan and J ... 1985 Mechanism of conversion of carotene to vitamin A: Central cleavage versus random cleavage: J. Ganguly and P. S. Sastry, ...
Steroidogenic enzyme
Steroid desmolases Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (20,22-desmolase) - steroid synthesis 17,20-Lyase (17,20-desmolase ... Payne AH, Hales DB (2004). "Overview of steroidogenic enzymes in the pathway from cholesterol to active steroid hormones". ... Steroidogenic enzymes are enzymes that are involved in steroidogenesis and steroid biosynthesis. They are responsible for the ... from cholesterol. Steroidogenic enzymes are most highly expressed in classical steroidogenic tissues, such as the testis, ovary ...
Progesterone synthesis inhibitor
They include: Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors (P450SCC/CYP11A1 inhibitors): inhibit the synthesis of ... into progesterone Inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis can also reduce progesterone production by inhibiting cholesterol ... pregnenolone from cholesterol, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of most steroid hormones (which are derived from pregnenolone) ...
Ketoconazole
Specifically, ketoconazole has been shown to inhibit cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, which converts cholesterol to ... Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors, CYP17A1 inhibitors, Dioxolanes, Disulfiram-like drugs, Endocrine disruptors ... Common side effects when applied to the skin include redness. Common side effects when taken by mouth include nausea, headache ... All of these enzymes are mitochondrial cytochrome p450 enzymes. Based on these antiandrogen and antiglucocorticoid effects, ...
Mitotane
It acts as an inhibitor of cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc, CYP11A1), and also of 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), 18 ... Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors, Organochlorides, Orphan drugs). ... The use of mitotane is unfortunately limited by side effects, which, as reported by Schteinberg et al., include anorexia and ...
List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
... cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase MeSH D12.776.422.220.453.915.212 - cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme MeSH D12.776.422.220. ... alpha-crystallin b chain MeSH D12.776.306.366.300.100 - beta-crystallin a chain MeSH D12.776.306.366.300.200 - beta-crystallin ... myosin heavy chains MeSH D12.776.210.500.600.200 - myosin light chains MeSH D12.776.210.500.600.300 - myosin subfragments MeSH ... myosin heavy chains MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.200 - myosin light chains MeSH D12.776.220.525.475.300 - myosin subfragments MeSH ...
22R-Hydroxycholesterol
Cholesterol ((3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol) is hydroxylated by cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) to form 22R- ... "The catalytic cycle of cytochrome P-450scc and intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone". European ... metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones from cholesterol. ...
20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol
Cholesterol ((3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol) is hydroxylated by cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) to form 22R- ... "The catalytic cycle of cytochrome P-450scc and intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone". European ... metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones from cholesterol. ...
Testosterone
... in the biosynthesis involves the oxidative cleavage of the side-chain of cholesterol by cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme ... Common side effects from testosterone medication include acne, swelling, and breast enlargement in males. Serious side effects ... Certain cytochrome P450 enzymes such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 can also oxidize testosterone at the C17 position to form ... It is biosynthesized in several steps from cholesterol and is converted in the liver to inactive metabolites. It exerts its ...
Inner mitochondrial membrane
... c Cytochrome c oxidase F-ATPase ATP-ADP translocase ATP-binding cassette transporter Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme ... Cristae membranes are studded on the matrix side with small round protein complexes known as F1 particles, the site of proton- ... Electron transport chain NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase Electron-transferring ...
5α-Dihydronorethisterone
... and does not affect other steroidogenesis enzymes such as cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), 17α-hydroxylase/17, ... 1, 34), a synthetic 19-nor-17α-ethynyl testosterone derivative, which also undergoes enzyme-mediated 5α-reduction and exerts ... and its effect on steroid-producing enzymes". Eur. J. Endocrinol. 130 (6): 634-40. doi:10.1530/eje.0.1300634. PMID 8205267. ( ...
Methoxychlor
Cells Through Suppression of Steady-State Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels of the Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme". ... Some metabolites may have unwanted side effects. The use of methoxychlor as a pesticide was banned in the United States in 2003 ... Methoxychlor is ingested and absorbed by living organisms, and it accumulates in the food chain. ...
Androgen synthesis inhibitor
... and androstenediol into more potent androgens like and testosterone Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors (P450SCC/ ... androgens like testosterone Inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis can also reduce androgen production by inhibiting cholesterol ... CYP11A1 inhibitors): inhibit the synthesis of pregnenolone from cholesterol, thereby inhibiting the synthesis of most steroid ...
Cyanoketone
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors, CYP17A1 inhibitors, Ketones, Nitriles, All stub articles, Steroid stubs). ... an enzyme that is responsible for the conversion of pregnenolone into progesterone, 17α-hydroxypregnenolone into 17α- ...
Danazol
... including cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-4 isomerase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase ... Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme inhibitors, CYP17A1 inhibitors, Glucocorticoids, Hepatotoxins, Isoxazoles, Progestogens ... Due to their improved side-effect profiles, particularly their lack of masculinizing side effects, danazol has largely been ... Elevated liver-enzyme levels and muscle cramps (known adverse effects) of grade 2 or less occurred in 41% and 33% of the ...
Hypochlorous acid
... reacts readily with amino acids that have amino group side-chains, with the chlorine from HClO displacing a ... Cholesterol chlorohydrin have also been observed, but do not greatly affect permeability, and it is believed that Cl2 is ... A second slower reaction that results in cleavage of the pyridine ring occurs when excess HClO is present. NAD+ is inert to ... In agreement with this, McFeters and Camper found that aldolase, an enzyme that Knox et al. proposes would be inactivated, was ...
Glycolysis
... cholesterol synthesis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis. Insulin has the opposite effect on these enzymes. The ... Step 5 in the figure is shown behind the other steps, because that step is a side-reaction that can decrease or increase the ... The intra-mitochondrial NADH + H+ is oxidized to NAD+ by the electron transport chain, using oxygen as the final electron ... Electrons delocalized in the carbon-carbon bond cleavage associate with the alcohol group. The resulting carbanion is ...
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
P450scc catalyzes the first step of steroidogenesis that is cleavage of the side-chain of cholesterol. ACTH also stimulates ... The rapid actions of ACTH include stimulation of cholesterol delivery to the mitochondria where the P450scc enzyme is located. ... This increases the bioavailability of cholesterol in the cells of the adrenal cortex. The long term actions of ACTH include ... Upon ligand binding, the receptor undergoes conformation changes that stimulate the enzyme adenylyl cyclase, which leads to an ...
Adrenal ferredoxin
"Identification by site-directed mutagenesis of two lysine residues in cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P450 that are ... "Conservation of the Enzyme-Coenzyme Interfaces in FAD and NADP Binding Adrenodoxin Reductase-A Ubiquitous Enzyme". Journal of ... The first enzyme in this system is adrenodoxin reductase that carries an FAD. FAD can be reduced by two electrons donated from ... Sparkes RS, Klisak I, Miller WL (1991). "Regional mapping of genes encoding human steroidogenic enzymes: P450scc to 15q23-q24, ...
Butyric acid
... indicating that valproic acid is taken up into the brain via a transport system for medium-chain fatty acids, not short-chain ... HDACs are histone-modifying enzymes that can cause histone deacetylation and repression of gene expression. HDACs are important ... McGee DJ, George AE, Trainor EA, Horton KE, Hildebrandt E, Testerman TL (2011). "Cholesterol enhances Helicobacter pylori ... supplements or enemas-which has been shown to be very effective in terminating symptoms of inflammation with minimal-to-no side ...
Milk
Although 97-98% of lipids are triacylglycerols, small amounts of di- and monoacylglycerols, free cholesterol and cholesterol ... The current milk chain flow in India is from milk producer to milk collection agent. Then it is transported to a milk chilling ... A side effect of the heating of pasteurization is that some vitamin and mineral content is lost. Soluble calcium and phosphorus ... Lactase, the enzyme needed to digest lactose, reaches its highest levels in the human small intestine immediately after birth, ...
Microbial biodegradation
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizes a unique heterotetrameric structure for dehydrogenation of the cholesterol side chain". ... and it has been demonstrated that novel enzyme architectures have evolved to bind and modify steroid compounds like cholesterol ... Thus, the Box and Paa pathways illustrate the prevalence of non-oxygenolytic ring-cleavage strategies in aerobic aromatic ... These new enzymes might be of interest for their potential in the chemical modification of steroid substrates. Sustainable ...
Cardiolipin
... translocation from outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane Activates mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage Import ... It is the last enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain located in the inner mitochondrial or bacterial membrane. It ... Tafazzin is an indispensable enzyme to synthesize cardiolipin in eukaryotes involved in the remodeling of CL acyl chains by ... large quantities of protons are transferred from one side of the membrane to another side causing a large pH change. CL is ...
Vitamin B12-binding domain
Enzymes that require adenosylcobalamin catalyse reactions in which the first step is the cleavage of adenosylcobalamin to form ... odd-chain fatty acids and cholesterol via propionyl-CoA to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Prokaryotic lysine 5,6-aminomutase (EC ... including an alpha-helix that forms on one side of the cleft accommodating the nucleotide 'tail' of the cofactor. In cobalamin ... In both types of enzymes the B12-binding domain uses a histidine to bind the cobalt atom of cobalamin cofactors. This histidine ...
Bile acid
CYP27A1 contributes significantly to total bile acid synthesis by catalyzing sterol side chain oxidation, after which cleavage ... This enzyme is down-regulated by cholic acid, up-regulated by cholesterol and is inhibited by the actions of the ileal hormone ... The four rings are labeled A, B, C, and D, from the farthest to the closest to the side chain with the carboxyl group. The D- ... Different vertebrate families have evolved to use modifications of most positions on the steroid nucleus and side-chain of the ...
Fructose
As sucrose comes into contact with the membrane of the small intestine, the enzyme sucrase catalyzes the cleavage of sucrose to ... Because fructose exists to a greater extent in the open-chain form than does glucose, the initial stages of the Maillard ... Levulose comes from the Latin word laevus, levo, "left side", levulose is the old word for the most occurring isomer of ... elevated LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, leading to metabolic syndrome. The European Food Safety Authority stated that ...
Pregnenolone
... with cleavage of the side chain. The enzyme performing this task is cytochrome P450scc, located in the mitochondria, and ... Pregnenolone is synthesized from cholesterol. This conversion involves hydroxylation of the side chain at the C20 and C22 ... To assay conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, radiolabeled cholesterol has been used. Pregnenolone product can be ... The critical enzyme step is two-fold using a 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and a Δ5-4 isomerase. The latter transfers the ...
CYP11A2
Li N, Oakes JA, Storbeck KH, Cunliffe VT, Krone NP (February 2020). "The P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme Cyp11a2 facilitates ... catalyzes conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone. Uno T, Ishizuka M, Itakura T (July 2012). "Cytochrome P450 (CYP) in fish ... "Redefining the initiation and maintenance of zebrafish interrenal steroidogenesis by characterizing the key enzyme cyp11a2". ...
Oligonucleotide synthesis
"Prevention of guanine modification and chain cleavage during the solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides using ... Whereas enzymes synthesize DNA and RNA only in a 5' to 3' direction, chemical oligonucleotide synthesis does not have this ... The occurrence of side reactions sets practical limits for the length of synthetic oligonucleotides (up to about 200 nucleotide ... cholesterol or other hydrophobic tethers) and suited for various applications are commercially available. A more detailed ...
Cyclol
Hans Neurath and Henry Bull showed that the dense packing of side chains in the cyclol fabric was inconsistent with the ... including cleavage by enzymes. In 1929, Hsien Wu hypothesized correctly that denaturation corresponded to protein unfolding, a ... and had advanced relatively rapidly from simple salt crystals to crystals of complex molecules such as cholesterol. However, ... Another interesting feature of such molecules and fabrics is that their amino-acid side chains point axially upwards from only ...
Cholesterol
... as the molecule is in a trans conformation making all but the side chain of cholesterol rigid and planar. In this structural ... The enzyme is palmitoylated causing the enzyme to traffic to cholesterol dependent lipid domains sometimes called "lipid rafts ... This arterial wall cleavage allows absorption of triacylglycerol and increases the concentration of circulating cholesterol. ... "Mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizes a unique heterotetrameric structure for dehydrogenation of the cholesterol side chain". ...
Israel Hanukoglu
... cholesterol side chain cleavage) system". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 305 (2): 489-98. doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1452 ... the first enzyme in the electron transfer chain of the mitochondrial P450 system. By sequence and structural analyses of ... "Conservation of the Enzyme-Coenzyme Interfaces in FAD and NADP Binding Adrenodoxin Reductase-A Ubiquitous Enzyme". Journal of ... He then set out to clone the cDNAs and the genes that code for these enzymes. His lab was the first to clone the cDNAs and the ...
Steroidogenesis inhibitor
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc, CYP11A1) inhibitors such as aminoglutethimide, ketoconazole, and mitotane ... lowers serum cholesterol and alters distributions of cholesterol in lipoproteins in baboons". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79 ... and thereby inhibit cholesterol production. They notably do not significantly lower circulating levels of cholesterol however, ... Other early-stage cholesterol synthesis inhibitors like colestolone. 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (7-DHCR) inhibitors such as ...
PCSK9
August 2008). "Therapeutic RNAi targeting PCSK9 acutely lowers plasma cholesterol in rodents and LDL cholesterol in nonhuman ... A possible side effect of the monoclonal antibody might be irritation at the injection site. Before the infusions, participants ... Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an enzyme encoded by the PCSK9 gene in humans on chromosome 1. It is ... As with many proteins, PCSK9 is inactive when first synthesized, because a section of peptide chains blocks their activity; ...
Temporal effect of adrenocorticotrophic hormone on adrenal glucocorticoid steroidogenesis: involvement of the transducer of...
... and side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) are rate-limiting steps for steroidogenesis. Transcription of StAR and ... Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme / biosynthesis Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH ... The availability of active steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) are ... and side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) hnRNA and mRNA levels in the rat adrenal. Data points are the mean ± SEM of ...
DNA methylation screening of primary prostate tumors identifies SRD5A2 and CYP11A1 as candidate markers for assessing risk of...
Biomarkers Search
Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme (SCC) Deficiency.. Katsumata N. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol; 2007; 16(3):63-8. PubMed ID: ... Heterozygous mutation in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (p450scc) gene in a patient with 46,XY sex reversal and ... 5. Severe combined adrenal and gonadal deficiency caused by novel mutations in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, ... Heterozygous mutations in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme gene (CYP11A1) can cause transient adrenal insufficiency ...
Publication Detail
MeSH Browser
Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase [D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.200] * Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme [D08.811.682.690. ... Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase [D12.776.422.220.453.915.200] * Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme [D12.776.422.220.453.915 ... Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme Preferred Term Term UI T008086. Date11/11/1974. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID UNK (19XX). ... Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme Preferred Concept UI. M0004271. Registry Number. EC 1.14.15.6. Scope Note. A ...
DailyMed - RECORLEV- levoketoconazole tablet
... the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, the first step in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone), and CYP17A1 (17α- ... Tablets: 150 mg, round, pink, film-coated, and imprinted in black ink with "LEV" above "150" on one side; the other side is ... These are not all the possible side effects of RECORLEV.. Call your healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects. ... Evaluate liver enzymes prior to and during treatment (5.1) * RECORLEV is associated with dose-related QT interval prolongation ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
WikiGenes
The drug inhibited cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme in the cells, but appeared to have no impact on the ability of cells ... We have examined the effects of ketoconazole, a drug which inhibits enzymes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism ... Our observations are consistent with the idea that serum lipoprotein cholesterol is metabolized to an effector substance which ... whereas these treatments had no effect upon enzyme activity in cells transfected with a control construct (pSV2CAT). ...
DeCS
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme - Concept préféré Concept UI. M0004271. Terme préféré. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage ... Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme Descripteur en espagnol: Enzima de Desdoblamiento de la Cadena Lateral del Colesterol ... Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme Descripteur en anglais: ... Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme [D08.811.682.690.708.170 ... A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the ...
MeSH Browser
Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase [D08.811.682.690.708.170.915.200] * Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme [D08.811.682.690. ... Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase [D12.776.422.220.453.915.200] * Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme [D12.776.422.220.453.915 ... Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme Preferred Term Term UI T008086. Date11/11/1974. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID UNK (19XX). ... Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme Preferred Concept UI. M0004271. Registry Number. EC 1.14.15.6. Scope Note. A ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Pesquisa | Portal Regional da BVS
... partial inhibition of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) was observed. To calculate the dissociation constant ... Molecular docking experiments indicate that the interaction of the carbonyl group at C-3 to the side-chain Arg234 of the enzyme ... Human CYP21A2 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) acts on the side-chain attached to C-17 in ring D of a steroid substrate, but the ... One key enzyme in the biosynthesis of gluco- and mineralocorticoids is CYP21A2, also known as steroid 21-hydroxylase. To ...
Find Research outputs - Augusta University Research Profiles
May | 2016 | immune-source.com
The P450cc mitochondrial cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450cc) catalyzes the pace limiting part of neurosteroid ... synthesis where cholesterol is changed into pregnenolone (Mellon and Vaudry 2001). Furthermore the enzymes 5?-reductase and 3?- ... in the mind by neurons and glia (Belelli and Herd 2003; Mellon and compagnone 2000; Maguire and Mody 2007). The enzymes and ... For instance, recent researches showed that acid ceramidase, known as an important enzyme, which can regulate the levels of ...
Bovine Metabolome Database: Showing metabocard for Coprocholic acid (BMDB0000601)
1. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial. General function:. Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and ... A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes the side-chain hydroxylation and cleavage of cholesterol to pregnenolone, the ... IdentificationTaxonomyPhysical propertiesPathwaysSpectraConcentrationsLinksReferencesenzymes (1) Show 1 proteinXML ... precursor of most steroid hormones (PubMed:11412116). Catalyzes three sequential oxidation reactions of cholesterol, namely the ...
NDF-RT Code NDF-RT Name
Sickle N0000170038 Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme N0000168942 Receptors, sigma N0000170528 Extracellular Signal- ... Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains N0000183453 HLA-DR alpha-Chains N0000183519 HLA-DQ alpha-Chains N0000183521 HLA-DP alpha-Chains ... Proteins N0000183480 HLA-DRB1 Chains N0000183481 HLA-DRB3 Chains N0000183482 HLA-DRB5 Chains N0000183485 HLA-DRB4 Chains ... Light Chains N0000169374 Immunoglobulin Light Chains N0000169595 Myosin Light Chains N0000178637 Immunoglobulin Light Chains, ...
Fatty Acid Synthetase Complex | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Evaluation of relative roles of LH and FSH in regulation of differentiation of Leydig cells using an ethane 1,2...
RT-PCR analysis revealed the absence of message for cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme and 17alpha-hydroxylase although ER- ... cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, LH receptor and StAR as assessed by a semiquantitative RT-PCR. These results establish ... side chain cleavage enzyme, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), LH receptor, estrogen receptor (ER-alpha) and ... RT-PCR analysis revealed the absence of message for cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme and 17alpha-hydroxylase although ER- ...
Making Testosterone | steroidology
1) Using a mime of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme.. 2) Treating with Tertiary butanol and acid ((CH3)3COH and H+). ... While I attempt to do this I will begin writing about the benefits and side effects of performance enhancing drugs including ... Many sites revealed how the human body uses cholesterol as a precursor to hormones such as progesterone, estrogen, pregnenolone ... Finally, I came across some information regarding how testosterone is made using cholesterol as a starting material. The ...
Sect. 5, Ch. 7: Role of ACTH in Regulation and Action of Adrenocorticoids
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2003 MeSH
Replaced for 2003 by Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme) Choriocarcinoma C4.557.465.955.348 C4.557.465.955.207 C4.850. ... Replaced for 2003 by Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase) Cholesterol Monooxygenase (Side-Chain-Cleaving) D8.262.453.110 D8.262. ... beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor G5.331.390.801.211 G5.330.801.211 G5.511.325.211 Gene Rearrangement, delta-Chain T-Cell ... Heavy Chain G5.331.390.401.501 G5.330.401.501 G5.511.320.501 Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain G5.331.390.401.601 ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme D8.811.682.690.708.783.212 Cholesterol, Dietary D4.808.247.808.197.225 Cholesterol, HDL ... Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay E5.601.495.350.170 E5.601.470.350.170 E5.601.495.380.360 E5.601.470.380.360 Enzyme-Linked ... D4.808.247.808.197.238 Cholesterol, LDL D4.808.247.808.197.244 Cholesterol, VLDL D4.808.247.808.197.247 Chondrodysplasia ... Cholesterol D10.851.208 Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase D8.811.682.690.708.783.200 ...
DailyMed - RECORLEV- levoketoconazole tablet
... the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, the first step in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone), and CYP17A1 (17α- ... Tablets: 150 mg, round, pink, film-coated, and imprinted in black ink with "LEV" above "150" on one side; the other side is ... These are not all the possible side effects of RECORLEV.. Call your healthcare provider for medical advice about side effects. ... Evaluate liver enzymes prior to and during treatment (5.1) * RECORLEV is associated with dose-related QT interval prolongation ...
MESH TREE NUMBER CHANGES - 2014 MeSH. July 29, 2013
GI numbers Protein Name Gene Symbol Amino Acid Number Species Sequence pI MW Tech
12 8393224 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial precursor Cyp11a1 526 Rattus norvegicus ... GI numbers Protein Name Gene Symbol Amino Acid Number Species Sequence pI MW Tech 6978431 long-chain specific acyl-CoA ... 12 11693174 branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, mitochondrial precursor Bcat2 393 Rattus norvegicus ... 12 11968090 short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial Acads 414 Rattus norvegicus ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme D8.811.682.690.708.783.212 Cholesterol, Dietary D4.808.247.808.197.225 Cholesterol, HDL ... Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay E5.601.495.350.170 E5.601.470.350.170 E5.601.495.380.360 E5.601.470.380.360 Enzyme-Linked ... D4.808.247.808.197.238 Cholesterol, LDL D4.808.247.808.197.244 Cholesterol, VLDL D4.808.247.808.197.247 Chondrodysplasia ... Cholesterol D10.851.208 Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase D8.811.682.690.708.783.200 ...
MH DELETED MN ADDED MN
Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme D8.811.682.690.708.783.212 Cholesterol, Dietary D4.808.247.808.197.225 Cholesterol, HDL ... Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay E5.601.495.350.170 E5.601.470.350.170 E5.601.495.380.360 E5.601.470.380.360 Enzyme-Linked ... D4.808.247.808.197.238 Cholesterol, LDL D4.808.247.808.197.244 Cholesterol, VLDL D4.808.247.808.197.247 Chondrodysplasia ... Cholesterol D10.851.208 Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase D8.811.682.690.708.783.200 ...
SMPDB
enzyme,. mitochondrial. Cholesterol. side-chain. cleavage. enzyme,. mitochondrial. Cholesterol. side-chain. cleavage. enzyme,. ... enzyme,. mitochondrial. Cholesterol. side-chain. cleavage. enzyme,. mitochondrial. Cholesterol. side-chain. cleavage. enzyme,. ... Cholesterol. Accumulation. Progesterone. Accumulation. Progesterone. 11b,21-Dihydroxy-3,20-oxo-. 5b-pregnan-18-al. NADPH. 3a, ... Cholesterol. side-chain. cleavage. ... Cholesterol. side-chain. cleavage. ...
Steroidogenic6
- The availability of active steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (P450scc) are rate-limiting steps for steroidogenesis. (nih.gov)
- We then studied LCI699 inhibition using HEK-293 or V79 cells stably expressing individual human steroidogenic P450 enzymes. (bvsalud.org)
- Among the steroidogenic enzymes involved in estrogen biosynthesis, HPTE, specifically, inhibited P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450-SCC) activity in a dose dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
- In addition RNA was isolated from the Leydig cells to monitor the steady-state mRNA levels by RT-PCR for 17alpha-hydroxylase, side chain cleavage enzyme, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), LH receptor, estrogen receptor (ER-alpha) and cyclophilin (internal control). (bioscientifica.com)
- Untreated EAE mice showed decreased mRNAs for the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star), voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), 5α-reductase, 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSOR) and aromatase, whereas changes of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) were not significant. (nih.gov)
- The most notable difference between the placenta and other steroidogenic tissues is that electron supply to CYP11A1 limits the rate at which cholesterol is converted to pregnenolone in the placenta. (foodcomex.org)
P450scc3
- 5. Severe combined adrenal and gonadal deficiency caused by novel mutations in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc. (nih.gov)
- 17. Heterozygous mutation in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (p450scc) gene in a patient with 46,XY sex reversal and adrenal insufficiency. (nih.gov)
- Kim CJ, Lin L, Huang N, Quigley CA, AvRuskin TW, Achermann JC, Miller WL: Severe combined adrenal and gonadal deficiency caused by novel mutations in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc. (serummetabolome.ca)
CYP11A16
- 6. A novel entity of clinically isolated adrenal insufficiency caused by a partially inactivating mutation of the gene encoding for P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1). (nih.gov)
- 10. Heterozygous mutations in the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme gene (CYP11A1) can cause transient adrenal insufficiency and life-threatening failure to thrive. (nih.gov)
- 11. Homozygous mutation of P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme gene (CYP11A1) in 46, XY patient with adrenal insufficiency, complete sex reversal, and agenesis of corpus callosum. (nih.gov)
- This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones. (nih.gov)
- Furthermore, partial inhibition of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1) was observed. (bvsalud.org)
- CYP11A1 is the key enzyme catalyzing the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone, the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of all classes of steroids, and has been localized in sensory networks of the spinal cord dorsal horn. (foodcomex.org)
Cytochrome2
- As reported herein, neither testicular mitochondrial cytochrome P450 content nor the activity of cholesterol side-chain cleavage was altered in rats exposed to TCDD. (nih.gov)
- A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE . (nih.gov)
Biosynthesis2
- 2000. A metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis( p hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, reduces testosterone biosynthesis in rat leydig cells through suppression of steady-state messenger ribonucleic acid levels of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. (cdc.gov)
- Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
Pregnenolone4
- Many sites revealed how the human body uses cholesterol as a precursor to hormones such as progesterone, estrogen, pregnenolone, and testosterone. (steroidology.com)
- The critical consequence of increased cAMP production in the adrenocortical cell is that the rate limiting step of pregnenolone formation from cholesterol is stimulated. (fsu.edu)
- Instead, it acts through protein kinase C and calcium to promote conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone via the same side chain cleavage enzyme. (fsu.edu)
- a 22-hydroxylation, 20-hydroxylation and the cleavage of the C20-C22 bond, yielding pregnenolone. (foodcomex.org)
Deficiency3
- 16. Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme (SCC) Deficiency. (nih.gov)
- Deficiency in the enzyme is associated with HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA. (lookformedical.com)
- A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA. (lookformedical.com)
Exerts1
- In the adrenal glomerulosa cell angiotensin II, one of the major physiological regulators of mineralocorticoid synthesis, appears to affect most of the cholesterol transfer to the mitochondrial outer membrane and transport to the inner membrane steps and thus to exerts a powerful control over the use of cholesterol for aldosterone production. (foodcomex.org)
Inhibition1
- 4 This fact raises the possibility that BACE1 inhibition could be achieved without developing toxic side effects. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Lipoprotein2
- Okamoto Y, Tsujii H, Haga Y, Tanaka S, Nakano H. Determination of apolipoprotein E in private role coupling concentration by Ballad lipoprotein and Incorporated cholesterol after layer. (sweetlilyspa.com)
- The enzyme lipoprotein lipase is located in the walls of the blood capillaries in various organs. (emedicodiary.com)
Spinal cord1
- Progesterone shows anti-inflammatory and promyelinating effects in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Because neurosteroids have been implicated as protective factors for MS and EAE, we analysed the expression of neurosteroidogenic enzymes in the compromised spinal cord of EAE mice. (nih.gov)
Fatty acid1
- Once acyl CoA is transported by carnitine in the mitochondrial matrix, it undergoes βoxidation by the enzyme complex fatty acid oxidase system. (emedicodiary.com)
Adrenal1
- To calculate the dissociation constant (Kd) of LCI699 with the adrenal mitochondrial P450 enzymes, we successfully incorporated P450s into lipid nanodiscs and carried out spectrophotometric equilibrium and competition binding assays. (bvsalud.org)
Oxidation4
- An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 2 moles of glutathione in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to yield oxidized glutathione and water. (lookformedical.com)
- Enzyme: Several enzymes known collectively as the FA oxidase enzyme system are found in the mitochondrial matrix, adjacent to the respiratory chain (ETC). These enzymes catalyze β-oxidation of a long chain FA to acetyl CoA. (emedicodiary.com)
- Q.81 Activation of long-chain FA occurs in cytosol, but β-oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. (emedicodiary.com)
- It is considered as a carrier molecule and acts as a fetty boat to transport long-chain Acyl CoA across the mitochondrial membrane for its oxidation in mitochondrial matrix. (emedicodiary.com)
Catalyze1
- Membrane-embedded transporters move ions and larger solutes across membranes, receptors mediate communication between the cell and its environment and membrane-embedded enzymes catalyze chemical reactions. (promisekit.org)
Steady-state1
- Also, there was a significant decrease in the steady-state mRNA levels of 17alpha-hydroxylase, cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, LH receptor and StAR as assessed by a semiquantitative RT-PCR. (bioscientifica.com)
Acyl2
- Activated long-chain FA (acyl CoA) is impermeable to the mitochondrial membrane. (emedicodiary.com)
- Q.84 State the enzymes involved in the transportation of acyl CoA to the mitochondrial matrix by carnitine. (emedicodiary.com)
Activity1
- inhibiting adenyl cyclase enzyme and - increasing the phosphodiesterase activity. (emedicodiary.com)
Protein3
- Aβ is formed by the sequential cleaving of the amyloid precursor protein by the proteases BACE1 (β-secretase or beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme) and γ-secretase (Figure 1). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Protein. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides . (lookformedical.com)
Cells1
- RT-PCR analysis revealed the absence of message for cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme and 17alpha-hydroxylase although ER-alpha and LH receptor mRNA could be detected, indicating the presence of undifferentiated precursor Leydig cells. (bioscientifica.com)
Active2
- One of the enzymes active in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. (lookformedical.com)
- The enzyme can exist in "active" or "inactive" state. (emedicodiary.com)
Concentration1
- BACE1 enzyme is prepared in the same buffer to a concentration of approximately 0.3 units/µL. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Cell1
- The chains are thought to provide the cell with protection against damage. (promisekit.org)
Effects1
- While I attempt to do this I will begin writing about the benefits and side effects of performance enhancing drugs including steroids. (steroidology.com)
Results1
- The JavaScript notes first to partition important tube results of the cholesterol. (sweetlilyspa.com)
Important1
- C3b is the larger of two elements formed by the cleavage of complement component 3, and is considered an important part of the innate immune system. (promisekit.org)
Provide1
- This enzyme has been shown to provide cellular protection against redox-mediated damage by FREE RADICALS . (lookformedical.com)
Rate1
- Triacyl glycerol lipase-Hormone sensitive and key rate-limiting enzyme. (emedicodiary.com)
Sites1
- Okazaki M, Sasamoto K, Muramatsu laboratory, Hosaki S. Evaluation of ihre and appropriate sites for HDL-cholesterol certification by HPLC. (sweetlilyspa.com)