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CholesterolCholesterol, LDLLipoproteins, LDLCholesterol, DietaryCholesterol, HDLReceptors, LDLCholesterol EstersCholesterol OxidaseCholesterol 7-alpha-HydroxylaseLipoproteinsLipidsTriglyceridesCholesterol, VLDLHypercholesterolemiaAnticholesteremic AgentsLipoproteins, HDLSterol O-AcyltransferaseSterolsApolipoprotein A-IApolipoproteins BHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesBile Acids and SaltsLiverSitosterolsBileATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1Lipid Metabolismbeta-CyclodextrinsApolipoproteinsHyperlipidemiasHydroxycholesterolsEsterificationArteriosclerosisPhospholipidsPhytosterolsDietary FatsLovastatinApolipoproteins EPhosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseCyclodextrinsLipoproteins, VLDLCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsPhosphatidylcholinesCholestyramine ResinATP-Binding Cassette TransportersMevalonic AcidHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIDesmosterolBiological TransportFilipinFoam CellsDiet, AtherogenicAzetidinesSterol EsteraseIntestinal AbsorptionScavenger Receptors, Class BHypolipidemic AgentsCholestanolReceptors, LipoproteinMembrane MicrodomainsAtherosclerosisCholelithiasisSphingomyelinsAndrostenesLanosterolSimvastatinFatty AcidsRisk FactorsOrphan Nuclear ReceptorsMacrophagesDehydrocholesterolsNiemann-Pick DiseasesEmbolism, CholesterolKineticsApolipoprotein B-100Membrane LipidsDietCells, CulturedCholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage EnzymeSterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2Apolipoproteins AOxidation-ReductionCell MembraneCoronary DiseaseDyslipidemiasPravastatinHeptanoic AcidsCholestanetriol 26-MonooxygenaseReceptors, ScavengerParticle SizeCardiovascular DiseasesCricetinaeTime FactorsLiposomesStigmasterolSteroid HydroxylasesKetocholesterolsBody WeightRabbits
Cholesterol
The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.
Cholesterol, LDL
Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.
Lipoproteins, LDL
A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.
Cholesterol, Dietary
Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.
Cholesterol, HDL
Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.
Receptors, LDL
Receptors on the plasma membrane of nonhepatic cells that specifically bind LDL. The receptors are localized in specialized regions called coated pits. Hypercholesteremia is caused by an allelic genetic defect of three types: 1, receptors do not bind to LDL; 2, there is reduced binding of LDL; and 3, there is normal binding but no internalization of LDL. In consequence, entry of cholesterol esters into the cell is impaired and the intracellular feedback by cholesterol on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase is lacking.
Cholesterol Esters
Fatty acid esters of cholesterol which constitute about two-thirds of the cholesterol in the plasma. The accumulation of cholesterol esters in the arterial intima is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis.
Cholesterol Oxidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol in the presence of molecular oxygen to 4-cholesten-3-one and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme is not specific for cholesterol, but will also oxidize other 3-hydroxysteroids. EC 1.1.3.6.
Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase
A membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 7-alpha-hydroxylation of CHOLESTEROL in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP7, converts cholesterol to 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol which is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS.
Lipoproteins
Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.
Lipids
A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Triglycerides
Cholesterol, VLDL
Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). High circulating levels of VLDL cholesterol are found in HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE IIB. The cholesterol on the VLDL is eventually delivered by LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS to the tissues after the catabolism of VLDL to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LDL.
Hypercholesterolemia
A condition with abnormally high levels of CHOLESTEROL in the blood. It is defined as a cholesterol value exceeding the 95th percentile for the population.
Anticholesteremic Agents
Substances used to lower plasma CHOLESTEROL levels.
Lipoproteins, HDL
A class of lipoproteins of small size (4-13 nm) and dense (greater than 1.063 g/ml) particles. HDL lipoproteins, synthesized in the liver without a lipid core, accumulate cholesterol esters from peripheral tissues and transport them to the liver for re-utilization or elimination from the body (the reverse cholesterol transport). Their major protein component is APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I. HDL also shuttle APOLIPOPROTEINS C and APOLIPOPROTEINS E to and from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during their catabolism. HDL plasma level has been inversely correlated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Sterol O-Acyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cholesterol esters by the direct transfer of the fatty acid group from a fatty acyl CoA derivative. This enzyme has been found in the adrenal gland, gonads, liver, intestinal mucosa, and aorta of many mammalian species. EC 2.3.1.26.
Sterols
Steroids with a hydroxyl group at C-3 and most of the skeleton of cholestane. Additional carbon atoms may be present in the side chain. (IUPAC Steroid Nomenclature, 1987)
Apolipoprotein A-I
The most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. This protein serves as an acceptor for CHOLESTEROL released from cells thus promoting efflux of cholesterol to HDL then to the LIVER for excretion from the body (reverse cholesterol transport). It also acts as a cofactor for LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that forms CHOLESTEROL ESTERS on the HDL particles. Mutations of this gene APOA1 cause HDL deficiency, such as in FAMILIAL ALPHA LIPOPROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE and in some patients with TANGIER DISEASE.
Apolipoproteins B
Major structural proteins of triacylglycerol-rich LIPOPROTEINS. There are two forms, apolipoprotein B-100 and apolipoprotein B-48, both derived from a single gene. ApoB-100 expressed in the liver is found in low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). ApoB-48 expressed in the intestine is found in CHYLOMICRONS. They are important in the biosynthesis, transport, and metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins. Plasma Apo-B levels are high in atherosclerotic patients but non-detectable in ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.
Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases
Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.
Bile Acids and Salts
Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Sitosterols
A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized.
Bile
An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1
A superfamily of large integral ATP-binding cassette membrane proteins whose expression pattern is consistent with a role in lipid (cholesterol) efflux. It is implicated in TANGIER DISEASE characterized by accumulation of cholesteryl ester in various tissues.
Lipid Metabolism
Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS.
beta-Cyclodextrins
Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.
Apolipoproteins
Protein components on the surface of LIPOPROTEINS. They form a layer surrounding the hydrophobic lipid core. There are several classes of apolipoproteins with each playing a different role in lipid transport and LIPID METABOLISM. These proteins are synthesized mainly in the LIVER and the INTESTINES.
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.
Hydroxycholesterols
Cholesterol which is substituted by a hydroxy group in any position.
Esterification
The process of converting an acid into an alkyl or aryl derivative. Most frequently the process consists of the reaction of an acid with an alcohol in the presence of a trace of mineral acid as catalyst or the reaction of an acyl chloride with an alcohol. Esterification can also be accomplished by enzymatic processes.
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.
Phospholipids
Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.
Phytosterols
A class of organic compounds known as STEROLS or STEROIDS derived from plants.
Dietary Fats
Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.
Lovastatin
A fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Aspergillus terreus. The compound is a potent anticholesteremic agent. It inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It also stimulates the production of low-density lipoprotein receptors in the liver.
Apolipoproteins E
A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.
Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase
An enzyme secreted from the liver into the plasma of many mammalian species. It catalyzes the esterification of the hydroxyl group of lipoprotein cholesterol by the transfer of a fatty acid from the C-2 position of lecithin. In familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency disease, the absence of the enzyme results in an excess of unesterified cholesterol in plasma. EC 2.3.1.43.
Cyclodextrins
A homologous group of cyclic GLUCANS consisting of alpha-1,4 bound glucose units obtained by the action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on starch or similar substrates. The enzyme is produced by certain species of Bacillus. Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with a wide variety of substances.
Lipoproteins, VLDL
A class of lipoproteins of very light (0.93-1.006 g/ml) large size (30-80 nm) particles with a core composed mainly of TRIGLYCERIDES and a surface monolayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL into which are imbedded the apolipoproteins B, E, and C. VLDL facilitates the transport of endogenously made triglycerides to extrahepatic tissues. As triglycerides and Apo C are removed, VLDL is converted to INTERMEDIATE-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS, then to LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS from which cholesterol is delivered to the extrahepatic tissues.
Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins
Proteins that bind to and transfer CHOLESTEROL ESTERS between LIPOPROTEINS such as LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS and HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Compounds that inhibit HMG-CoA reductases. They have been shown to directly lower cholesterol synthesis.
Phosphatidylcholines
Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a choline moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and choline and 2 moles of fatty acids.
Cholestyramine Resin
A strongly basic anion exchange resin whose main constituent is polystyrene trimethylbenzylammonium Cl(-) anion.
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters
A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.
Mevalonic Acid
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II
A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins).
Desmosterol
An intermediate in the synthesis of cholesterol.
Biological Transport
The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.
Filipin
A complex of polyene antibiotics obtained from Streptomyces filipinensis. Filipin III alters membrane function by interfering with membrane sterols, inhibits mitochondrial respiration, and is proposed as an antifungal agent. Filipins I, II, and IV are less important.
Foam Cells
Lipid-laden macrophages originating from monocytes or from smooth muscle cells.
Diet, Atherogenic
A diet that contributes to the development and acceleration of ATHEROGENESIS.
Azetidines
Sterol Esterase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and some other sterol esters, to liberate cholesterol plus a fatty acid anion.
Intestinal Absorption
Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.
Scavenger Receptors, Class B
A family of scavenger receptors that are predominately localized to CAVEOLAE of the PLASMA MEMBRANE and bind HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.
Hypolipidemic Agents
Substances that lower the levels of certain LIPIDS in the BLOOD. They are used to treat HYPERLIPIDEMIAS.
Cholestanol
A cholesterol derivative found in human feces, gallstones, eggs, and other biological matter.
Receptors, Lipoprotein
Cell surface proteins that bind lipoproteins with high affinity. Lipoprotein receptors in the liver and peripheral tissues mediate the regulation of plasma and cellular cholesterol metabolism and concentration. The receptors generally recognize the apolipoproteins of the lipoprotein complex, and binding is often a trigger for endocytosis.
Membrane Microdomains
Detergent-insoluble CELL MEMBRANE components. They are enriched in SPHINGOLIPIDS and CHOLESTEROL and clustered with glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins.
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.
Cholelithiasis
Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).
Sphingomyelins
A class of sphingolipids found largely in the brain and other nervous tissue. They contain phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine as their polar head group so therefore are the only sphingolipids classified as PHOSPHOLIPIDS.
Androstenes
Unsaturated derivatives of the steroid androstane containing at least one double bond at any site in any of the rings.
Lanosterol
A triterpene that derives from the chair-boat-chair-boat folding of 2,3-oxidosqualene. It is metabolized to CHOLESTEROL and CUCURBITACINS.
Simvastatin
A derivative of LOVASTATIN and potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis. It may also interfere with steroid hormone production. Due to the induction of hepatic LDL RECEPTORS, it increases breakdown of LDL CHOLESTEROL.
Fatty Acids
Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Risk Factors
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Orphan Nuclear Receptors
A broad category of receptor-like proteins that may play a role in transcriptional-regulation in the CELL NUCLEUS. Many of these proteins are similar in structure to known NUCLEAR RECEPTORS but appear to lack a functional ligand-binding domain, while in other cases the specific ligands have yet to be identified.
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Dehydrocholesterols
Cholesterol derivatives having an additional double bond in any position. 24-Dehydrocholesterol is DESMOSTEROL. The other most prevalent dehydrocholesterol is the 7-isomer. This compound is a precursor of cholesterol and of vitamin D3.
Niemann-Pick Diseases
A group of autosomal recessive disorders in which harmful quantities of lipids accumulate in the viscera and the central nervous system. They can be caused by deficiencies of enzyme activities (SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE) or defects in intracellular transport, resulting in the accumulation of SPHINGOMYELINS and CHOLESTEROL. There are various subtypes based on their clinical and genetic differences.
Embolism, Cholesterol
Blocking of a blood vessel by CHOLESTEROL-rich atheromatous deposits, generally occurring in the flow from a large artery to small arterial branches. It is also called arterial-arterial embolization or atheroembolism which may be spontaneous or iatrogenic. Patients with spontaneous atheroembolism often have painful, cyanotic digits of acute onset.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Apolipoprotein B-100
A 513-kDa protein synthesized in the LIVER. It serves as the major structural protein of low-density lipoproteins (LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; LIPOPROTEINS, VLDL). It is the ligand for the LDL receptor (RECEPTORS, LDL) that promotes cellular binding and internalization of LDL particles.
Membrane Lipids
Lipids, predominantly phospholipids, cholesterol and small amounts of glycolipids found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. These lipids may be arranged in bilayers in the membranes with integral proteins between the layers and peripheral proteins attached to the outside. Membrane lipids are required for active transport, several enzymatic activities and membrane formation.
Diet
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme
A mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the side-chain cleavage of C27 cholesterol to C21 pregnenolone in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP11A1 gene, catalyzes the breakage between C20 and C22 which is the initial and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of various gonadal and adrenal steroid hormones.
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2
A sterol regulatory element binding protein that regulates GENES involved in CHOLESTEROL synthesis and uptake.
Apolipoproteins A
Structural proteins of the alpha-lipoproteins (HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS), including APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I and APOLIPOPROTEIN A-II. They can modulate the activity of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE. These apolipoproteins are low in atherosclerotic patients. They are either absent or present in extremely low plasma concentration in TANGIER DISEASE.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Cell Membrane
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Coronary Disease
An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.
Pravastatin
An antilipemic fungal metabolite isolated from cultures of Nocardia autotrophica. It acts as a competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase (HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COA REDUCTASES).
Heptanoic Acids
7-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids.
Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase
An NAPH-dependent cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of the side chain of sterol intermediates such as the 27-hydroxylation of 5-beta-cholestane-3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-triol.
Receptors, Scavenger
A large group of structurally diverse cell surface receptors that mediate endocytic uptake of modified LIPOPROTEINS. Scavenger receptors are expressed by MYELOID CELLS and some ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, and were originally characterized based on their ability to bind acetylated LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. They can also bind a variety of other polyanionic ligand. Certain scavenger receptors can internalize micro-organisms as well as apoptotic cells.
Particle Size
Relating to the size of solids.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.
Cricetinae
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Liposomes
Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.
Stigmasterol
Steroid Hydroxylases
Cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES) that are important in steroid biosynthesis and metabolism.
Ketocholesterols
Cholesterol substituted in any position by a keto moiety. The 7-keto isomer inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity and inhibits cholesterol uptake in the coronary arteries and aorta in vitro.
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
Aorta
The main trunk of the systemic arteries.
Squalene
Lipid Bilayers
Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.
Cholestanes
Derivatives of the saturated steroid cholestane with methyl groups at C-18 and C-19 and an iso-octyl side chain at C-17.
Antigens, CD36
Leukocyte differentiation antigens and major platelet membrane glycoproteins present on MONOCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; PLATELETS; and mammary EPITHELIAL CELLS. They play major roles in CELL ADHESION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; and regulation of angiogenesis. CD36 is a receptor for THROMBOSPONDINS and can act as a scavenger receptor that recognizes and transports oxidized LIPOPROTEINS and FATTY ACIDS.
Lipoproteins, HDL3
Intermediate-density subclass of the high-density lipoproteins, with particle sizes between 7 to 8 nm. As the larger lighter HDL2 lipoprotein, HDL3 lipoprotein is lipid-rich.
Gallbladder
A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.
Hypertriglyceridemia
A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated
Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position.
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
An autosomal recessive disorder of CHOLESTEROL metabolism. It is caused by a deficiency of 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, the enzyme that converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, leading to an abnormally low plasma cholesterol. This syndrome is characterized by multiple CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES, growth deficiency, and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY.
Feces
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Xanthomatosis
A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the SKIN; TENDONS; joints of KNEES and ELBOWS. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of LIPID METABOLISM and formation of FOAM CELLS.
Carrier Proteins
Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.
Lipoprotein(a)
A lipoprotein that resembles the LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS but with an extra protein moiety, APOPROTEIN (A) also known as APOLIPOPROTEIN (A), linked to APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100 on the LDL by one or two disulfide bonds. High plasma level of lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Chylomicrons
A class of lipoproteins that carry dietary CHOLESTEROL and TRIGLYCERIDES from the SMALL INTESTINE to the tissues. Their density (0.93-1.006 g/ml) is the same as that of VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS.
Membrane Fluidity
The motion of phospholipid molecules within the lipid bilayer, dependent on the classes of phospholipids present, their fatty acid composition and degree of unsaturation of the acyl chains, the cholesterol concentration, and temperature.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Probucol
A drug used to lower LDL and HDL cholesterol yet has little effect on serum-triglyceride or VLDL cholesterol. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p993).
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Plant Oils
Oils derived from plants or plant products.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Lecithin Acyltransferase Deficiency
An autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by mutation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE that facilitates the esterification of lipoprotein cholesterol and subsequent removal from peripheral tissues to the liver. This defect results in low HDL-cholesterol level in blood and accumulation of free cholesterol in tissue leading to a triad of CORNEAL OPACITY, hemolytic anemia (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC), and PROTEINURIA.
Tangier Disease
An autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by mutation of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS involved in cellular cholesterol removal (reverse-cholesterol transport). It is characterized by near absence of ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins) in blood. The massive tissue deposition of cholesterol esters results in HEPATOMEGALY; SPLENOMEGALY; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; large orange tonsils; and often sensory POLYNEUROPATHY. The disorder was first found among inhabitants of Tangier Island in the Chesapeake Bay, MD.
Tritium
Organosilicon Compounds
Organic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.
Homeostasis
The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.
Vitamin E
A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.
Blood Glucose
Glucose in blood.
Pyrroles
Azoles of one NITROGEN and two double bonds that have aromatic chemical properties.
Mesocricetus
A genus of the family Muridae having three species. The present domesticated strains were developed from individuals brought from Syria. They are widely used in biomedical research.
Oleic Acids
A group of fatty acids that contain 18 carbon atoms and a double bond at the omega 9 carbon.
Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
FATTY ACIDS in which the carbon chain contains one or more double or triple carbon-carbon bonds.
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.
Lipase
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.
Apolipoprotein A-II
The second most abundant protein component of HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS or HDL. It has a high lipid affinity and is known to displace APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I from HDL particles and generates a stable HDL complex. ApoA-II can modulate the activation of LECITHIN CHOLESTEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE in the presence of APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I, thus affecting HDL metabolism.
Fibroblasts
Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
Fats, Unsaturated
Fats containing one or more double bonds, as from oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid.
Lipid Peroxidation
Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.
Ultracentrifugation
Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Colestipol
Highly crosslinked and insoluble basic anion exchange resin used as anticholesteremic. It may also may reduce triglyceride levels.
Biological Markers
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
Triparanol
Antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity. According to Merck Index, 11th ed, the compound was withdrawn from the market in 1962 because of its association with the formation of irreversible cataracts.
Lipoproteins, IDL
A mixture of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), particularly the triglyceride-poor VLDL, with slow diffuse electrophoretic mobilities in the beta and alpha2 regions which are similar to that of beta-lipoproteins (LDL) or alpha-lipoproteins (HDL). They can be intermediate (remnant) lipoproteins in the de-lipidation process, or remnants of mutant CHYLOMICRONS and VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS which cannot be metabolized completely as seen in FAMILIAL DYSBETALIPOPROTEINEMIA.
Body Mass Index
An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Steroids
A group of polycyclic compounds closely related biochemically to TERPENES. They include cholesterol, numerous hormones, precursors of certain vitamins, bile acids, alcohols (STEROLS), and certain natural drugs and poisons. Steroids have a common nucleus, a fused, reduced 17-carbon atom ring system, cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene. Most steroids also have two methyl groups and an aliphatic side-chain attached to the nucleus. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined
A type of familial lipid metabolism disorder characterized by a variable pattern of elevated plasma CHOLESTEROL and/or TRIGLYCERIDES. Multiple genes on different chromosomes may be involved, such as the major late transcription factor (UPSTREAM STIMULATORY FACTORS) on CHROMOSOME 1.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Eggs
Animal reproductive bodies, or the contents thereof, used as food. The concept is differentiated from OVUM, the anatomic or physiologic entity.
Cholestenones
CHOLESTENES with one or more double bonds and substituted by any number of keto groups.
Acetates
Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.
trans-1,4-Bis(2-chlorobenzaminomethyl)cyclohexane Dihydrochloride
An anticholesteremic agent that inhibits sterol biosynthesis in animals.
Reference Values
The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.
Esters
Oleic Acid
An unsaturated fatty acid that is the most widely distributed and abundant fatty acid in nature. It is used commercially in the preparation of oleates and lotions, and as a pharmaceutical solvent. (Stedman, 26th ed)
Biliary Tract
The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.
Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase
The first committed enzyme of the biosynthesis pathway that leads to the production of STEROLS. it catalyzes the synthesis of SQUALENE from farnesyl pyrophosphate via the intermediate PRESQUALENE PYROPHOSPHATE. This enzyme is also a critical branch point enzyme in the biosynthesis of ISOPRENOIDS that is thought to regulate the flux of isoprene intermediates through the sterol pathway.
Cholic Acid
A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.
Diet, Fat-Restricted
A diet that contains limited amounts of fat with less than 30% of calories from all fats and less than 10% from saturated fat. Such a diet is used in control of HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. (From Bondy et al, Metabolic Control and Disease, 8th ed, pp468-70; Dorland, 27th ed)
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
Unsaturated fats or oils used in foods or as a food.
Cholic Acids
The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.
Pregnenolone
A 21-carbon steroid, derived from CHOLESTEROL and found in steroid hormone-producing tissues. Pregnenolone is the precursor to GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.
Micelles
Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.
Microsomes, Liver
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.
Hypolipoproteinemias
Conditions with abnormally low levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. This may involve any of the lipoprotein subclasses, including ALPHA-LIPOPROTEINS (high-density lipoproteins); BETA-LIPOPROTEINS (low-density lipoproteins); and PREBETA-LIPOPROTEINS (very-low-density lipoproteins).
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Soybean Proteins
Proteins which are present in or isolated from SOYBEANS.
Dietary Fiber
The remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins.
Absorption
The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.
Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C
An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder that is characterized by accumulation of CHOLESTEROL and SPHINGOMYELINS in cells of the VISCERA and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Type C (or C1) and type D are allelic disorders caused by mutation of gene (NPC1) encoding a protein that mediate intracellular cholesterol transport from lysosomes. Clinical signs include hepatosplenomegaly and chronic neurological symptoms. Type D is a variant in people with a Nova Scotia ancestry.
CHO Cells
CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.
Corn Oil
Oil from ZEA MAYS or corn plant.
Proprotein Convertases
Proteolytic enzymes that are involved in the conversion of protein precursors such as peptide prohormones into PEPTIDE HORMONES. Some are ENDOPEPTIDASES, some are EXOPEPTIDASES.
Lipoprotein Lipase
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and diacylglycerols. It occurs on capillary endothelial surfaces, especially in mammary, muscle, and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme causes familial hyperlipoproteinemia Type I. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.34.
Caveolin 1
A tyrosine phosphoprotein that plays an essential role in CAVEOLAE formation. It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear
Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.
Cross-Over Studies
Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1
A sterol regulatory element binding protein that regulates expression of GENES involved in FATTY ACIDS metabolism and LIPOGENESIS. Two major isoforms of the protein exist due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING.
Lymph
The interstitial fluid that is in the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
Taurocholic Acid
The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.
Lysosomes
A class of morphologically heterogeneous cytoplasmic particles in animal and plant tissues characterized by their content of hydrolytic enzymes and the structure-linked latency of these enzymes. The intracellular functions of lysosomes depend on their lytic potential. The single unit membrane of the lysosome acts as a barrier between the enzymes enclosed in the lysosome and the external substrate. The activity of the enzymes contained in lysosomes is limited or nil unless the vesicle in which they are enclosed is ruptured. Such rupture is supposed to be under metabolic (hormonal) control. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Margarine
A butterlike product made of refined vegetable oils, sometimes blended with animal fats, and emulsified usually with water or milk. It is used as a butter substitute. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Fluorobenzenes
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
Carbon Radioisotopes
Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Egg Yolk
Cytoplasm stored in an egg that contains nutritional reserves for the developing embryo. It is rich in polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid
A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.
Blood Pressure
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
Fasting
Abstaining from all food.
Antioxidants
Naturally occurring or synthetic substances that inhibit or retard the oxidation of a substance to which it is added. They counteract the harmful and damaging effects of oxidation in animal tissues.
Cholestenes
Steroids with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched 8-carbon chain at C-17. Members include compounds with any degree of unsaturation; however, CHOLESTADIENES is available for derivatives containing two double bonds.
Diosgenin
A spirostan found in DIOSCOREA and other plants. The 25S isomer is called yamogenin. Solasodine is a natural derivative formed by replacing the spiro-ring with a nitrogen, which can rearrange to SOLANINE.
Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
A synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes.
Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins
Sterol regulatory element binding proteins are basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors that bind the sterol regulatory element TCACNCCAC. They are synthesized as precursors that are threaded into the MEMBRANES of the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
Psyllium
Dried, ripe seeds of PLANTAGO PSYLLIUM; PLANTAGO INDICA; and PLANTAGO OVATA. Plantain seeds swell in water and are used as demulcents and bulk laxatives.
Butter
The fatty portion of milk, separated as a soft yellowish solid when milk or cream is churned. It is processed for cooking and table use. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Metabolic Syndrome X
A cluster of metabolic risk factors for CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES and TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. The major components of metabolic syndrome X include excess ABDOMINAL FAT; atherogenic DYSLIPIDEMIA; HYPERTENSION; HYPERGLYCEMIA; INSULIN RESISTANCE; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (THROMBOSIS) state. (from AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings, Circulation 2004; 109:551-556)
Niacin
A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.
Caveolins
The main structural proteins of CAVEOLAE. Several distinct genes for caveolins have been identified.

Serum triglyceride: a possible risk factor for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. (1/4426)

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the relationship between ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and serum concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins. METHODS: A cohort of 21 520 men, aged 35-64 years, was recruited from men attending the British United Provident Association (BUPA) clinic in London for a routine medical examination in 1975-1982. Smoking habits, weight, height and blood pressure were recorded at entry. Lipids and apolipoproteins were measured in stored serum samples from the 30 men who subsequently died of ruptured AAA and 150 matched controls. RESULTS: Triglyceride was strongly related to risk of ruptured AAA. In univariate analyses the risk in men on the 90th centile of the distribution relative to the risk in men on the 10th (RO10-90) was 12 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 3.8-37) for triglyceride, 5.5 (95% CI: 1.8-17) for apolipoprotein B (apoB) (the protein component of low density lipoprotein [LDL]), 0.15 (95% CI : 0.04-0.56) for apo A1 (the protein component of high density lipoprotein [HDL]), 3.7 (95% CI: 1.4-9.4) for body mass index and 3.0 (95% CI: 1.1-8.5) for systolic blood pressure. Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) was not a significant risk factor (RO10-90 = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.6-3.0). In multivariate analysis triglyceride retained its strong association. CONCLUSION: Triglyceride appears to be a strong risk factor for ruptured AAA, although further studies are required to clarify this. If this and other associations are cause and effect, then changing the distribution of risk factors in the population (by many people stopping smoking and adopting a lower saturated fat diet and by lowering blood pressure) could achieve an important reduction in mortality from ruptured AAA.  (+info)

The impact of an amino acid-based peritoneal dialysis fluid on plasma total homocysteine levels, lipid profile and body fat mass. (2/4426)

BACKGROUND: The caloric load from glucose-based peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluids contributes to hypertriglyceridaemia, adiposity and, as result of anorexia, protein malnutrition in PD patients. It has been suggested that replacement of a glucose-based by an amino acids-based PD fluid (AA-PDF) for one exchange per day might improve the nutritional status and lipid profile. Due to the uptake of methionine from the dialysate, however, exposure to AA-PDF might aggravate hyperhomocysteinaemia, a frequently occurring risk factor for atherosclerosis in uraemic patients. METHODS: We studied the impact of a once daily exchange with 1.1% AA-PDF instead of glucose-based PD fluid for 2 months on plasma methionine and total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, lipid profile, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and body fat mass of seven stable PD patients. Results are expressed as mean+/-SEM. RESULTS: Methionine levels did not increase significantly during therapy, but tHcy levels increased substantially from 60+/-12 to 84+/-19 micromol/l after 1 month (P=0.039), and to 85+/-22 micromol/l after 2 months of AA-PDF treatment. Serum triglyceride concentration decreased from 3.0+/-0.4 mmol/l at entry to 2.6+/-0.5 mmol/l (at 1 month, P=0.041 vs baseline). Serum BChE also decreased from 6.9+/-0.4 U/ml at entry to 6.3+/-0.4 U/ml after 2 months (P=0.014). Total cholesterol concentration and cholesterol fractions did not change. The reduced exposure to glucose-based PD fluid for 2 months resulted in a 0.5 kg reduction in fat mass which was due mainly to a reduction in fat mass of the trunk region (0.3 kg, P=0.031). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that methionine-containing AA-PDF induces an increase in the plasma tHcy level. This might, potentially, offset the beneficial effects of an improved serum lipid profile and reduced fat mass on the risk of cardiovascular disease in PD patients. Lowering the methionine content of the fluid, therefore, may be required to overcome this adverse effect.  (+info)

Socioeconomic status and determinants of hemostatic function in healthy women. (3/4426)

Hemostatic factors are reported to be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Socioeconomic status (SES) is 1 of the determinants of the hemostatic profile, but the factors underlying this association are not well known. Our aim was to examine determinants of the socioeconomic differences in hemostatic profile. Between 1991 and 1994, we studied 300 healthy women, aged 30 to 65 years, who were representative of women living in the greater Stockholm area. Fibrinogen, factor VII mass concentration (FVII:Ag), activated factor VII (FVIIa), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) were measured. Educational attainment was used as a measure of SES. Low educational level and an unfavorable hemostatic profile were both associated with older age, unhealthful life style, psychosocial stress, atherogenic biochemical factors, and hypertension. Levels of hemostatic factors increased with lower educational attainment. Independently of age, the differences between the lowest (mandatory) and highest (college/university) education in FVII:Ag levels were 41 microg/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 15 to 66 microg/L, P=0.001), 0.26 g/L (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.42 g/L, P=0.001) in fibrinogen levels, and 0.11 U/mL (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.12 U/mL, P=0.03) in levels of vWF. The corresponding differences in FVIIa and PAI-1 were not statistically significant. With further adjustment for menopausal status, family history of CHD, marital status, psychosocial stress, lifestyle patterns, biochemical factors, and hypertension, statistically significant differences between mandatory and college/university education were observed in FVII:Ag (difference=34 microg/L; 95% CI, 2 to 65 microg/L, P=0.05) but not in fibrinogen (difference=0.03 g/L; 95% CI, -0.13 to 0.19 g/L, P=0.92) or in vWF (difference=0.06 U/mL; 95% CI, -0.10 to 0.22 U/mL, P=0.45). An educational gradient was most consistent and statistically significant for FVII:Ag, fibrinogen, and vWF. Age, psychosocial stress, unhealthful life style, atherogenic biochemical factors, and hypertension mediated the association of low educational level with elevated levels of fibrinogen and vWF. Psychosocial stress and unhealthful life style were the most important contributing factors. There was an independent association between education and FVII:Ag, which could not be explained by any of these factors.  (+info)

ApoA1 reduces free cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-deficient mice transplanted with ApoE-expressing macrophages. (4/4426)

Along with apolipoprotein (apo) E, which promotes cholesterol efflux from foam cells, apoA1-containing high density lipoprotein (HDL) is thought to facilitate the transport of cholesterol from lesions. This role for apoA1 was tested in vivo by lethally irradiating apoE-deficient and apoE- plus apoA1-deficient mice and reconstituting them with bone marrow cells isolated from wild-type (WT) mice. ApoE, but not apoA1, was synthesized by the transplanted bone marrow-derived cells. Therefore, this transplantation procedure generated apoE-deficient animals with atherosclerotic lesions that contained both apoE and apoA1 (E/A1 mice) and apoE-deficient animals with lesions that contained apoE but no apoA1 (E/A1o mice). As shown previously, the transplanted WT macrophage-derived apoE dramatically lowered the plasma hypercholesterolemia in both groups. On feeding with an atherogenic diet after transplantation, plasma cholesterol levels were raised in both groups of mice, but the levels in the E/A1 mice at 20 weeks were 2- to 3-fold higher than in E/A1o mice. Immunohistochemical staining verified that apoE was abundant in lesions of both groups, whereas apoA1 was detected in the lesions of E/A1 mice only. Despite a 2- to 3-fold lower total plasma cholesterol in the E/A1o mice, the free cholesterol recovered from isolated aortas was approximately 60% higher and the mean lesion area in serial sections of the aortic valves 45% larger. Therefore, apoA1 reduces free cholesterol accumulation in vivo in atherosclerotic lesions.  (+info)

Identification of megalin/gp330 as a receptor for lipoprotein(a) in vitro. (5/4426)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is an atherogenic lipoprotein of unknown physiological function. The mechanism of Lp(a) atherogenicity as well as its catabolic pathways are only incompletely understood at present. In this report, we show that the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family member megalin/glycoprotein (gp) 330 is capable of binding and mediating the cellular uptake and degradation of Lp(a) in vitro. A mouse embryonic yolk sac cell line with native expression of megalin/gp330 but genetically deficient in LDLR-related protein (LRP) and a control cell line carrying a double knockout for both LRP and megalin/gp330 were compared with regard to their ability to bind, internalize, and degrade dioctadecyltetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-fluorescence-labeled Lp(a) as well as equimolar amounts of 125I-labeled Lp(a) and LDL. Uptake and degradation of radiolabeled Lp(a) by the megalin/gp330-expressing cells were, on average, 2-fold higher than that of control cells. This difference could be completely abolished by addition of the receptor-associated protein, an inhibitor of ligand binding to megalin/gp330. Mutual suppression of the uptake of 125I-Lp(a) and of 125I-LDL by both unlabeled Lp(a) and LDL suggested that Lp(a) uptake is mediated at least partially by apolipoprotein B100. Binding and uptake of DiI-Lp(a) resulted in strong signals on megalin/gp330-expressing cells versus background only on control cells. In addition, we show that purified megalin/gp330, immobilized on a sensor chip, directly binds Lp(a) in a Ca2+-dependent manner with an affinity similar to that for LDL. We conclude that megalin/gp330 binds Lp(a) in vitro and is capable of mediating its cellular uptake and degradation.  (+info)

Effects of alcohol and cholesterol feeding on lipoprotein metabolism and cholesterol absorption in rabbits. (6/4426)

Alcohol fed to rabbits in a liquid formula at 30% of calories increased plasma cholesterol by 36% in the absence of dietary cholesterol and by 40% in the presence of a 0.5% cholesterol diet. The increase was caused almost entirely by VLDL, IDL, and LDL. Cholesterol feeding decreased the fractional catabolic rate for VLDL and LDL apoprotein by 80% and 57%, respectively, and increased the production rate of VLDL and LDL apoprotein by 75% and 15%, respectively. Alcohol feeding had no effect on VLDL apoprotein production but increased LDL production rate by 55%. The efficiency of intestinal cholesterol absorption was increased by alcohol. In the presence of dietary cholesterol, percent cholesterol absorption rose from 34.4+/-2.6% to 44.9+/-2.5% and in the absence of dietary cholesterol, from 84.3+/-1.4% to 88.9+/-1.0%. Increased cholesterol absorption and increased LDL production rate may be important mechanisms for exacerbation by alcohol of hypercholesterolemia in the cholesterol-fed rabbit model.  (+info)

Low-density lipoprotein particle size is inversely related to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels. The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. (7/4426)

High levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and preponderance of small dense low-density lipoproteins (LDL) have both been associated with atherosclerotic disease and with the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). In vitro studies have shown a stimulatory effect of various lipoproteins on PAI-1 release from different cells, including endothelial cells and adipocytes. The authors sought to investigate the relation of PAI-1 to LDL particle size in a large tri-ethnic population (n=1549) across different states of glucose tolerance. LDL size was determined by gradient gel electrophoresis, and PAI-1 was measured by a 2-site immunoassay, sensitive to free PAI-1. PAI-1 was inversely related to LDL size in the overall population (r=-0.21, P<0.0001), independent of gender and ethnicity. However, the authors found a significant interaction with glucose tolerance status (P=0.035). In univariate analysis, the association between PAI-1 and LDL size was most pronounced in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, r=-0.22, P<0.0001) and weaker in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, r=-0.12, P=0.03) and type-2 diabetes (r=-0.10, P=0.02). After adjustment for demographic variables and metabolic variables known to influence PAI-1 levels (triglyceride and insulin sensitivity), a significant inverse relation of LDL size to PAI-1 levels was only present in NGT (P=0. 023). In subjects with IGT or overt diabetes, who usually have elevated PAI-1 levels, additional factors other than LDL size seem to contribute more importantly to PAI-1 levels. The demonstrated inverse relation of LDL size and PAI-1 levels provides one possible explanation for the atherogeneity of small dense LDL particles.  (+info)

Induction of monocyte binding to endothelial cells by MM-LDL: role of lipoxygenase metabolites. (8/4426)

Treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (EC) with minimally oxidized LDL (or minimally modified LDL, MM-LDL) produces a specific pattern of endothelial cell activation distinct from that produced by LPS, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1, but similar to other agents that elevate cAMP. The current studies focus on the signal transduction pathways by which MM-LDL activates EC to bind monocytes. We now demonstrate that, in addition to an elevation of cAMP, lipoxygenase products are necessary for the MM-LDL response. Treatment of EC with inhibitors of the lipoxygenase pathway, 5,8,11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) or cinnamyl-3, 4-dihydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamate (CDC), blocked monocyte binding in MM-LDL-treated EC (MM-LDL=118+/-13%; MM-LDL+ETYA=33+/-4%; MM-LDL+CDC=23+/-4% increase in monocyte binding) without reducing cAMP levels. To further investigate the role of the lipoxygenase pathway, cellular phospholipids were labeled with arachidonic acid. Treatment of cells for 4 hours with 50 to 100 microg/mL MM-LDL, but not native LDL, caused a 60% increase in arachidonate release into the medium and increased the intracellular formation of 12(S)-HETE (approximately 100% increase). There was little 15(S)-HETE present, and no increase in its levels was observed. We demonstrated that 12(S)-HETE reversed the inhibitory effect of CDC. We also observed a 70% increase in the formation of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11, 12-EET) in cells treated with MM-LDL. To determine the mechanism of arachidonate release induced by MM-LDL, we examined the effects of MM-LDL on intracellular calcium levels. Treatment of EC with both native LDL and MM-LDL caused a rapid release of intracellular calcium from internal stores. However, several pieces of evidence suggest that calcium release alone does not explain the increased arachidonate release in MM-LDL-treated cells. The present studies suggest that products of 12-lipoxygenase play an important role in MM-LDL action on the induction of monocyte binding to EC.  (+info)

Elevated LDL cholesterol: how to reduce it and what is the norm? - Health TipsElevated LDL cholesterol: how to reduce it and what is the norm? - Health Tips
To determine the level of cholesterol enough to donate blood from a vein in the treatment room of any clinic.Take direction from a doctor for analysis of LDL cholesterol.It is available at the reception at the therapist, cardiologist, surgeon or pre-medical study.. blood for analysis of LDL cholesterol in the morning on an empty stomach surrenders.The day before it is advisable not to eat fatty foods, and dinner must be no later than 19.00.Otherwise the true cholesterol levels may be somewhat distorted.. result of the analysis may be obtained on the following day.If you find that elevated LDL cholesterol, the treatment prescribed by a doctor.When the rate of total cholesterol greater than 10 mg / dL and high LDL fraction may be offered admission to the cardiology department or outpatient treatment is scheduled.Most likely it will be recommended statins.If elevated LDL cholesterol, as well as general and non-drug methods do not help, statins may be appointed for life.. ...
http://healthtipsing.com/en/pages/69855
Contribution of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase to the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism<...Contribution of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase to the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Contribution of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase to the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism. AU - Cohen, Jonathan C.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - Clinical studies have clearly established a relationship between bile acid synthesis and plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids leads to increased bile acid synthesis and a reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations. New studies indicate that genetic variation in cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity accounts for a significant fraction of the inter-individual variation in plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the general population, and a specific CYP7A1 allele associated with increased plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations has been identified. Studies in which cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase was transiently overexpressed in hamsters and mice indicate that direct manipulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase leads to changes in plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations. ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/contribution-of-cholesterol-7%CE%B1-hydroxylase-to-the-regulation-of-l
The Relationship between the Leptin Concentration and the Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration in...The Relationship between the Leptin Concentration and the Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration in...
Leptin has been suggested as a possible cause of atherosclerotic disease. The small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has also been regarded as a new surrogate marker in atherosclerotic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the leptin concentration and the small dense LDL-C concentration in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: One hundred-ninety one type 2 diabetic patients, who did not use any medication that could affect the concentration of lipid such as statin, fibrate, thiazolidinediones and corticosteroid, were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the relationship between leptin, the small dense LDL-C and the other metabolic parameters. RESULTS: The small dense LDL-C concentrations were higher in the group with the highest tertile of the leptin value, both in males and females than those patients in the group with the lowest tertile of the leptin value. The small dense LDL-C concentrations were also higher in the group with the highest ...
https://e-enm.org/journal/view.php?number=431
Lupin peptides lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol through an up-regulation of the LDL receptor/sterol regulatory...Lupin peptides lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol through an up-regulation of the LDL receptor/sterol regulatory...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Lupin peptides lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol through an up-regulation of the LDL receptor/sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP2) pathway at HepG2 cell line. AU - Lammi, Carmen. AU - Zanoni, Chiara. AU - Scigliuolo, Graziana M.. AU - DAmato, Alfonsina. AU - Arnoldi, Anna. PY - 2014/7/23. Y1 - 2014/7/23. N2 - Previous experiments in suitable animal models and in mild hypercholesterolemic individuals have shown that the consumption of lupin proteins may be useful for controlling total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. With the objective of providing evidence that peptides deriving from the hydrolysis of lupin proteins may be responsible of the observed activities and for investigating the mechanism of action, HepG2 cells were treated with lupin peptides obtained by either pepsin (P) or trypsin (T) hydrolysis, and molecular and functional investigations were performed on the LDL receptor/SREBP2 pathway. For the first time, this ...
https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/lupin-peptides-lower-low-density-lipoprotein-ldl-cholesterol-thro
Abstract 11344: Effect of SLCO1B1*5 on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Long-Term Clinical Events in Patients...Abstract 11344: Effect of SLCO1B1*5 on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Long-Term Clinical Events in Patients...
Background: We and others have demonstrated that the reduced function *5 variant (rs4149056, defined by the minor, C allele) in the hepatic transporter SLCO1B1 impairs statin clearance and is associated with myopathy and premature drug discontinuation, effects that may depend on statin type. Because statins are powerful medications that lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and prevent cardiovascular (CV) events, we hypothesized that *5 carriers would have higher LDLc and an increased risk of CV events compared to noncarriers, in a statin specific manner.. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 3416 Caucasians from the Duke CATHGEN biorepository. Death/myocardial infarction (MI), genotype, and patient-reported statin usage data were available in 2864 patients. Of these, we identified two independent cohorts (C1, n=498; C2, n=907) with available LDLc at baseline and at 1, 2, and 3 years after cardiac catheterization. Linear mixed models tested the association between *5 and ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/128/Suppl_22/A11344
Old study sheds new light on the fatty acids and cardiovascular health debate | The BMJOld study sheds new light on the fatty acids and cardiovascular health debate | The BMJ
In a linked research paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.e8707), Ramsden and colleagues report new data from an old trial that shed light on the long running debate on whether increasing dietary linoleic acid intake reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or death.1 Research conducted in the 1960s and 1970s suggested that some of the commonly occurring dietary saturated fatty acids raise total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, whereas the omega 6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) linoleic acid lowers total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.2 Linoleic acid is present in high amounts in vegetable oils such as corn, sunflower, safflower, and soybean oils and in margarines made from these oils. It is the most prevalent PUFA and omega 6 PUFA in most Western diets. As a result of the effects of linoleic acid on cholesterol concentrations, lowering intake of saturated fat and increasing that of PUFAs has been a cornerstone of dietary advice, with the aim of ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f493?tab=citation
Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Correlates With Heart Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross...Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Correlates With Heart Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross...
Conclusion: This study observed an inverse correlation between plasma LDL cholesterol and heart function in individuals with T2DM. Patients with higher levels of plasma LDL cholesterol had worse left ventricular function. Therefore, plasma LDL cholesterol may be a modifiable risk factor of heart failure in diabetes, but prospective studies are necessary to confirm this finding. Introduction...
https://medworm.com/686210012/plasma-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-correlates-with-heart-function-in-individuals-with-type-2/
Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Beginning Early in Life on the Risk of Coronary Heart...Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Beginning Early in Life on the Risk of Coronary Heart...
The exposure allele for each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with a lower LDL-C level that varied significantly between 2.6 and 16.7 mg/dl. Among the included SNPs, the reduction in risks of CHD ranged between 6% and 28%. All nine polymorphisms were associated with a highly consistent reduction in the risk of CHD per 38.7 mg/dl lower LDL-C, with no evidence of heterogeneity of effect (I2 = 0.0%). In a meta-analysis combining nonoverlapping data from 312,321 participants, naturally random allocation to long-term exposure to lower LDL-C was associated with a 54.5% (95% confidence interval, 48.8-59.5%) reduction in the risk of CHD for each 38.7 mg/dl lower LDL-C. This represents a three-fold greater reduction in the risk of CHD per unit lower LDL-C than that observed during treatment with a statin started later in life (p = 8.43 × 10-19).. ...
http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/journal-scans/2012/10/17/15/21/effect-of-long-term-exposure-to-lower-ldl-cholesterol
Genetic Localization to Chromosome 1p32 of the Third Locus for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in a Utah Kindred |...Genetic Localization to Chromosome 1p32 of the Third Locus for Familial Hypercholesterolemia in a Utah Kindred |...
This study shows that elevated LDL cholesterol levels in a Utah kindred, indicative of clinical FH, are linked to a region on chromosome 1p32. We have previously shown that this pedigree is clearly not linked to the LDL receptor or apo B gene,8 and additional markers near each gene in this study confirm the absence of linkage. A gene within a 17-cM region on chromosome 1 appears to be the major determinant of the observed elevated LDL cholesterol. There may be additional genes with minor effects on LDL cholesterol levels on chromosomes 3 and 17 in this pedigree. The LDL cholesterol levels of this pedigree are similar to those of FH pedigrees with known LDL receptor mutations, and penetrance is complete even at young ages. Triglyceride levels are significantly lower than in FH pedigrees, but mean age and body mass index are also lower. There were no differences in the frequency of tendon xanthomas. Therefore, genotyping to determine linkage or the presence of mutations appears to be necessary to ...
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/20/4/1089.long
High LDL Cholesterol | Phoenix Rising ME / CFS ForumsHigh LDL Cholesterol | Phoenix Rising ME / CFS Forums
Does anyone know what could cause high LDL cholesterol related to this disease? IE could it be from impaired detox, an infection, related to...
http://forums.phoenixrising.me/index.php?threads/high-ldl-cholesterol.5770/
Fasting and Nonfasting LDL Cholesterol: To Measure or Calculate? | Clinical ChemistryFasting and Nonfasting LDL Cholesterol: To Measure or Calculate? | Clinical Chemistry
Whether lipid profiles should be measured in the fasting or nonfasting state is a hot topic (1)(2). The fasting state is that used conventionally (3)(4); however, it would be much simpler for patients worldwide if a lipid profile could be taken at any time of the day, irrespective of the time since and the content of the last meal. In both the US and Europe, LDL cholesterol is currently considered the most important measurement in a lipid profile (3)(5).. Direct assays for measuring LDL cholesterol are widely available and used in many laboratories; however, even if LDL cholesterol measured with a direct method gives results similar to those calculated with the Friedewald equation, it is unclear how the 2 measurements compare in predicting ischemic cardiovascular disease. In this issue of Clinical Chemistry, Mora et al. report on an evaluation of fasting LDL cholesterol concentrations calculated with the Friedewald equation vs direct measurement of fasting and nonfasting LDL cholesterol ...
http://clinchem.aaccjnls.org/content/55/5/845.full
A Study of LY3015014 in Otherwise Healthy Participants With High Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol - Full Text View -...A Study of LY3015014 in Otherwise Healthy Participants With High Low-density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol - Full Text View -...
This is a phase 1 study in otherwise healthy participants with high LDL cholesterol. Following multiple doses of LY3015014, the safety and tolerability of the drug, how the body handles the drug, and the drugs effect on the body will be evaluated. Participants will participate in the study for approximately 3 months not including screening. Screening is required within 42 days prior to the start of the study ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01618916
ldl cholesterol - Postsldl cholesterol - Posts
ldl cholesterol - MedHelps ldl cholesterol Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for ldl cholesterol. Find ldl cholesterol information, treatments for ldl cholesterol and ldl cholesterol symptoms.
http://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/82711/ldl-cholesterol?section=subjects
Mechanisms by which saturated triacylglycerols elevate the plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in hamsters...Mechanisms by which saturated triacylglycerols elevate the plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in hamsters...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mechanisms by which saturated triacylglycerols elevate the plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in hamsters. Differential effects of fatty acid chain length.. AU - Woollett, L. A.. AU - Spady, D. K.. AU - Dietschy, J. M.. PY - 1989/7. Y1 - 1989/7. N2 - These studies were designed to elucidate how shorter (MCT) and longer (HCO) chain-length saturated triacylglycerols and cholesterol interact to alter steady-state plasma LDL-cholesterol levels. When either MCT or HCO was fed in the absence of cholesterol, there was little effect on receptor-dependent LDL transport but a 36-43% increase in LDL-cholesterol production. Cholesterol feeding in the absence of triacylglycerol led to significant suppression of receptor-dependent LDL transport and a 26-31% increase in LDL-cholesterol production. However, when the longer chain-length saturated triacylglycerol was fed together with cholesterol there was a marked increase in the suppression of receptor-dependent LDL ...
https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/mechanisms-by-which-saturated-triacylglycerols-elevate-the-plasma
Homeroast] Best brewing methods for addressing high LDL cholesterolHomeroast] Best brewing methods for addressing high LDL cholesterol
I have reviewed messages and literature on the connection between french press preparation and elevated ldl cholesterol levels. What alternative brewing methods/systems are recommended in order to best avoid such cholesterol raising worries? thanks, Matt ...
http://lists.sweetmariascoffee.com/pipermail/homeroast_lists.sweetmariascoffee.com/2010-November/004798.html
Treatment Filters LDL Cholesterol Out of the Blood - Fall 2008 - Innovate - Newsroom - Barnes-Jewish HospitalTreatment Filters LDL Cholesterol Out of the Blood - Fall 2008 - Innovate - Newsroom - Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Goldberg says the therapy reduces LDL cholesterol levels by at least 50 percent. Sometimes as much as three-quarters of a patients LDL will be removed during treatment. Since LDL tends to build up again, patients must receive treatment twice a month. The H.E.L.P. system is designed primarily for people with inherited genetic defects that cause their LDL cholesterol levels to be extremely high. To be eligible for the H.E.L.P. therapy, a person must have an LDL cholesterol level of more than 300 after at least six months of drug treatment to lower cholesterol along with diet and lifestyle changes. People who already have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease are eligible if their LDL cholesterol levels remain above 200 after maximum tolerated therapy.. For more information on H.E.L.P. treatments, call 314-362-3500.. ...
https://www.barnesjewish.org/Newsroom/Publications/Innovate/Fall-2008/Treatment-Filters-LDL-Cholesterol
Awful Ldl cholesterol No longer Behind Aged Deaths: Researchers - Instante...Awful Ldl cholesterol No longer Behind Aged Deaths: Researchers - Instante...
PhotoCredit:istock. Older humans with high stages of Awful or low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) Cholesterol stay as long, andoften longer, than their peers with low levels of the same Ldl cholesterol, a College of South Florida professor and an worldwide team of professionals have determined.The findings, which got here after analysing past research involving more than 68,000 participants over 60 years of age, call into questionthe Ldl cholesterol hypothesis, which counseled that human beings with high Cholesterol are greaterat risk of loss of life and could need statin capsules to lower Ldl cholesterol.Appearing inside theBritish Medical Magazine (BMJ), the groups evaluation represents the primary overview of a biginstitution of earlier studies on this difficulty.Weve recognised for decades that high generalCholesterol becomes a much weaker danger for cardiovascular disorder with advancing age. In thisanalysis, we centered on the so-referred to as Bad Ldl cholesterol which has been ...
http://healthtopical.com/awful-ldl-cholesterol-no-longer-behind-aged-deaths-researchers/
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and LDL-C goal attainment among elderly patients treated with rosuvastatin...Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and LDL-C goal attainment among elderly patients treated with rosuvastatin...
BACKGROUND: Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels lowers the risk of consequences of cardiovascular disease. Research has confirmed these benefits in elderly patients. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors (ie, statins) have long-standing proven efficacy in reducing levels of LDL-C and total cholesterol.. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to compare change in LDL-C from baseline and National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III LDL-C goal attainment in a population of elderly patients (aged , or =65 years) treated with rosuvastatin versus other statins in routine clinical practice.. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort analysis using medical and pharmacy claims data linked to clinical laboratory results from a large managed care health plan of commercial and Medicare Advantage members in the United States. Included were members aged , or =65 years who were newly treated with statins (index date) from August 1, 2003, ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17996658/low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-ldl-c-levels-and-ldl-c-goal-attainment-among-elderly-patients-treated-with-rosuvastatin-compared-with-other-statins-in-routine-clinical-practice
cholesterol levelscholesterol levels
So why is it that doctors dont tell patients who suffer from elevated LDL or bad cholesterol levels to stop eating foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol and advise them to take statins like Zocor, Crestor and Lipitor when in reality doctors should be telling patients about policosanol and CoQ10? The truth is that of course your doctor should be recommending that their patients who suffer from elevated LDL cholesterol levels to eat healthier with proper diet, to lose weight and exercise but perhaps doctors know that patients may not comply to their recommendations about proper diet to lower unhealthy cholesterol levels. But why would doctors recommend that their patients take statins like Zocor, Lipitor or Crestor is unimaginable, simply because of what drugs like Lipitor, Crestor and Zocor do to necessary CoQ10 production. What good will statins like Crestor, Zocor and Lipitor do for cholesterol levels and CoQ10 production? They will lower LDL cholesterol levels with a hit or miss ...
http://www.nanohealthtechnology.com/category/heart-health/cholesterol-levels-heart-health/
Molecular Expressions: The Pharmaceutical Collection - Simvastatin (Zocor)Molecular Expressions: The Pharmaceutical Collection - Simvastatin (Zocor)
Simvastatin is a cholesterol-lowering agent that has been demonstrated to reduce both normal and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/pharmaceuticals/pages/zocor.html
Credible Evidence: Scientists sometimes shift the scientific goalpostsCredible Evidence: Scientists sometimes shift the scientific goalposts
their meta-analysis included 3 studies with major limitations: a significant decrement in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels over the study period in the placebo arm (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial [ALLHAT]), old age at therapy initiation (Pravastatin in Elderly Individuals at Risk of Vascular Disease [PROSPER] Study), and incomplete information on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels over the follow-up period (Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study [AFCAPS/TexCAPS]). All these studies showed negative results; their inclusion would have biased against finding a benefit to statin treatment ...
http://pi-bill-articles.blogspot.com/2011/08/scientists-sometimes-shift-scientific.html
7 Practical Tips How to Lower LDL Cholesterol Fast7 Practical Tips How to Lower LDL Cholesterol Fast
Those wondering how to lower LDL cholesterol are not alone. Millions of people struggle with higher than normal LDL (low density lipoprotein) numbers, high
http://cholesterolnumbers.org/practical-tips-how-to-lower-ldl-cholesterol-fast/
Lipid-modifying therapy and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia...Lipid-modifying therapy and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goal attainment in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia...
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012):The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts ...
https://www.tib.eu/en/search/id/BLSE:vdc_100070468920.0x000001/Lipid-modifying-therapy-and-low-density-lipoprotein?cHash=a01fde2487b16d85dcf0ddd98b2879b2
Naturally lower ldl cholesterol cleanse - Dual Action Cleanse - May 25, 2017Naturally lower ldl cholesterol cleanse - Dual Action Cleanse - May 25, 2017
Naturally lower ldl cholesterol cleanse - Naturally Lower Your Cholesterol By 30 Pts. In 30 Days. The idea behind a colon cleanse process is to eliminate the toxins which have built up in your digestive system..
http://bodycleanse.herbalous.com/naturally-lower-ldl-cholesterol-cleanse.html
Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Low Hdl Cholesterol But Not High Ldl Cholesterol Is Independently...Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Low Hdl Cholesterol But Not High Ldl Cholesterol Is Independently...
Aim of the study Although low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been consistently demonstrated a predictor of atherosclerotic disease in a large spectrum of clinical settings, among individuals aged of 80 years or older this concept is uncertain. This study was evaluated in a carefully selected population if the association between LDL-C and coronary atherosclerotic burden remains significant in the very elderly. Methods Individuals aged of 80 years or older (n = 208) who spontaneously sought primary prevention care and have never manifested cardiovascular disease, malnutrition, neoplastic or consumptive disease were enrolled for a cross-sectional analysis. Medical evaluation, anthropometric measurements, blood tests and cardiac computed tomography were obtained. Results In analyses adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking and statin therapy, no association was found between coronary calcium score (CCS) and LDL-C [1.79 (0.75-4.29)]. There was ...
http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/86474
October, 2015 | ZROctober, 2015 | ZR
Treatments for high ldl cholesterol consists of increasing bodily exercise, a change in weight-reduction plan, and taking medications. In a 2013 clinical study published in the British Medical Journal, Canadian researchers compared the diabetes risk of five standard statins to the danger of Pravachol, a statin found to significantly cut back the likelihood of developing diabetes in a earlier research. Ezetimibe reduces whole ldl cholesterol, LDL or dangerous ldl cholesterol and triglycerides, and increases HDL (good) ldl cholesterol. Fibrates may also assist improve the quantity of good ldl cholesterol (HDL ldl cholesterol). In the brain, however, cholesterol performs a crucial role in the formation of neuronal connections-the important links that underlie reminiscence and studying.. However, for those who nonetheless insist to cease taking your ldl cholesterol medicine, you may also need to vary your way of life as nicely. With cumulative gross sales exceeding $a hundred thirty billion, ...
http://zhakir.com/2015/10
Effects of fluvastatin extended-release (80 mg) alone and in combination with ezetimibe (10 mg) on low-density lipoprotein...Effects of fluvastatin extended-release (80 mg) alone and in combination with ezetimibe (10 mg) on low-density lipoprotein...
BACKGROUND: Combining lipid-lowering agents with complementary mechanisms of action can provide greater cholesterol reductions than using either agent alone, improving achievement of target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of fluvastatin extended-release (XL) 80 mg/d administered alone or combined with ezetimibe 10 mg/d on plasma lipid levels and inflammatory parameters in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. The tolerability of both regimens was also evaluated.. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study, patients with hypercholesterolemia were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive fluvastatin XL 80 mg/d alone or in combination with ezetimibe 10 mg/d for 12 weeks. The primary end point was the percentage change from baseline to week 12 in LDL-C level with fluvastatin XL + ezetimibe combination therapy compared with fluvastatin XL alone. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/18343245/effects-of-fluvastatin-extended-release-80-mg-alone-and-in-combination-with-ezetimibe-10-mg-on-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-and-inflammatory-parameters-in-patients-with-primary-hypercholesterolemia-a-12-week-multicenter-randomized-open-label-parallel
HEALTHY DIETS AND SCIENCE: High LDL cholesterol levels associated with a reduced risk of diabetesHEALTHY DIETS AND SCIENCE: High LDL cholesterol levels associated with a reduced risk of diabetes
One of the aims of this study was to assess the association of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels with diabetes risk. The study included 6,011 individuals, (average age 50 years), who were not treated with cholesterol lowering or antihypertensive medications and who were free from cardiovascular disease at the start of the study. Diabetes was assessed at the next examination (average 4.5 years later ...
http://healthydietsandscience.blogspot.com/2015/10/high-ldl-cholesterol-levels-associated.html
The smart Trick of mastering nutrition That No One is DiscussingThe smart Trick of mastering nutrition That No One is Discussing
Variants in the cholesterol ester transfer healthy protein and also lipoprotein lipase genes are predictors of plasma cholesterol feedback to dietary change. A meta-analysis of 67 regulated trials of nutritional soluble fiber as a single intervention revealed that the effects on complete cholesterol as well as LDL cholesterol levels were small. An extensive review of plant get more info stanols as well as sterols showed that these materials lower LDL cholesterol degrees in persons at danger of coronary heart disease.15 This evaluation included a meta-analysis of 41 trials revealing that 2 g per day of either stanols or sterols lowers LDL cholesterol levels by 10 percent. Exec Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education and learning Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Discovery, Assessment, and also Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Grownups (Grownup Treatment Panel III). Private irregularity in cardiovascular condition risk element feedbacks to low-fat as well as ...
http://trentonvkzo825.blogminds.com/the-smart-trick-of-mastering-nutrition-that-no-one-is-discussing-3713935
Wordworks2001: January 2008Wordworks2001: January 2008
The truth is, weve always had reason to question the idea that cholesterol is an agent of disease. Indeed, what the Framingham researchers meant in 1977 when they described LDL cholesterol as a marginal risk factor is that a large proportion of people who suffer heart attacks have relatively low LDL cholesterol. So how did we come to believe strongly that LDL cholesterol is so bad for us? It was partly due to the observation that eating saturated fat raises LDL cholesterol, and weve assumed that saturated fat is bad for us. This logic is circular, though: saturated fat is bad because it raises LDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol is bad because it is the thing that saturated fat raises. In clinical trials, researchers have been unable to generate compelling evidence that saturated fat in the diet causes heart disease. The other important piece of evidence for the cholesterol hypothesis is that statin drugs like Zocor and Lipitor lower LDL cholesterol and also prevent heart attacks. The ...
http://wordworks2001.blogspot.com/2008/01/
How to lower LDL cholesterol on a low-carb diet - Diet DoctorHow to lower LDL cholesterol on a low-carb diet - Diet Doctor
What lipid tests should I follow? Mainstream cardiology tends to focus mostly on LDL-C and not LDL-P or LDL size and density. This is partly because statins and other lipid-lowering drugs do not change the size and density of the LDL, and they may lower LDL-C more than LDL-P.16Nutritional changes, on the other hand, seem to be more effective at improving LDL-P and LDL size.17 Therefore, when measuring the impact of lifestyle changes on your lipids, we recommend getting advanced lipid testing that includes LDL-P and the size of the LDL particles.. Unfortunately, in the U.S. and other countries, insurance may not cover these tests, so you may have to pay out of pocket for them. If that is prohibitive, you may be able to use the triglyceride-to-HDL ratio as a surrogate for the size of LDL particles. It isnt perfect, but it does tend to correlate with metabolic health. Studies show that TG/HDL ratios correlate with cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular mortality. Although there isnt universal ...
https://www.dietdoctor.com/low-carb/lower-ldl-cholesterol
June, 2011 | Nano Health TechnologyJune, 2011 | Nano Health Technology
So why is it that doctors dont tell patients who suffer from elevated LDL or bad cholesterol levels to stop eating foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol and advise them to take statins like Zocor, Crestor and Lipitor when in reality doctors should be telling patients about policosanol and CoQ10? The truth is that of course your doctor should be recommending that their patients who suffer from elevated LDL cholesterol levels to eat healthier with proper diet, to lose weight and exercise but perhaps doctors know that patients may not comply to their recommendations about proper diet to lower unhealthy cholesterol levels. But why would doctors recommend that their patients take statins like Zocor, Lipitor or Crestor is unimaginable, simply because of what drugs like Lipitor, Crestor and Zocor do to necessary CoQ10 production. What good will statins like Crestor, Zocor and Lipitor do for cholesterol levels and CoQ10 production? They will lower LDL cholesterol levels with a hit or miss ...
http://www.nanohealthtechnology.com/date/2011/06/
Association of LDL Cholesterol, Non-HDL Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein B Levels With Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among...Association of LDL Cholesterol, Non-HDL Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein B Levels With Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among...
Context The associations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels with the risk of cardiovascular events among patients treated with statin therapy have not been reliably documented.. Objective To evaluate the relative strength of the associations of LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and apoB with cardiovascular risk among patients treated with statin therapy.. Design Meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized controlled statin trials in which conventional lipids and apolipoproteins were determined in all study participants at baseline and at 1-year follow-up.. Data Sources Relevant trials were identified by a literature search updated through December 31, 2011. Investigators were contacted and individual patient data were requested and obtained for 62154 patients enrolled in 8 trials published between 1994 and 2008.. Data Extraction Hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% CIs for risk of major ...
http://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/portal/en/research/association-of-ldl-cholesterol-nonhdl-cholesterol-and-apolipoprotein-b-levels-with-risk-of-cardiovascular-events-among-patients-treated-with-statins-a-metaanalysis
Monoclonal Antibody Against PCSK9 to Reduce Elevated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) in Adults Currently Not...Monoclonal Antibody Against PCSK9 to Reduce Elevated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) in Adults Currently Not...
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01375777?view=results
Beyond LDL Cholesterol Reduction | CirculationBeyond LDL Cholesterol Reduction | Circulation
A remaining problem involves the laboratory aspects of measuring triglyceride-rich lipoproteins or lipoprotein subclass distribution. One method for determining the presence of triglyceride-rich particles is by determination of apoproteins associated with these particles. However, only a few large clinical trials have used this approach.19 28 The presence of large or small LDL and IDL and VLDL mass in many of the investigations mentioned above has been determined by ANUC at the LBNL. This is the same method as that pioneered by Drs John Gofman and Frank Lindgren. Although it provides tremendous detail, its clinical use is hindered by the expense and the expertise required to maintain and operate the system. Other techniques are available, including density gradient ultracentrifugation and GGE. Of these, GGE has been used in the largest number of clinical trials and can provide detailed information on LDL particle size and percent distribution in seven LDL subclasses.29 The GGE method at the LBNL ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/94/10/2351
Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Seems To Be Inevitable, but Predictable - Results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR...Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification Seems To Be Inevitable, but Predictable - Results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR...
A total of 3,481 participants (45-74 years, 53.1% women) were included. In men, all baseline risk factors showed a significant association with CAC except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate. For women, the association to risk factors was similar, but not significant for smoking and serum creatinine. After 5 years, the demographics in men showed a higher body mass index with a higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes and higher glycated hemoglobin level. Systolic blood pressure was higher and diastolic blood pressure was lower despite a higher use of antihypertensive agents. A lower prevalence of smoking as well as lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with a higher rate of lipid-lowering medication was also observed. The 5-year follow-up data in women showed very similar trends. The difference between observed and predicted CAC5y (log-scale, mean ± standard deviation) was 0.08 ± 1.11 and 0.06 ± 1.29 in men and women. ...
http://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/journal-scans/2014/11/20/16/35/progression-of-coronary-artery-calcification-seems-to-be
The best Side of complete nutritionThe best Side of complete nutrition
Variations in the cholesterol ester transfer healthy protein and also lipoprotein lipase genes are forecasters of plasma cholesterol action to dietary change. A meta-analysis of 67 regulated tests of dietary soluble fiber as a single treatment showed that the results on overall cholesterol as well as LDL cholesterol levels were small. A detailed review of plant stanols and also sterols showed that these more info materials lower LDL cholesterol degrees in persons at threat of coronary heart illness.15 This testimonial included a meta-analysis of 41 tests showing that 2 g each day of either stanols or sterols reduces LDL cholesterol degrees by 10 percent. Executive Summary of the Third Record of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Specialist Panel on Detection, Examination, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Grownups (Adult Treatment Panel III). Individual irregularity in cardiovascular illness threat factor actions to low-fat and low-saturated-fat diet plans in males: body ...
http://rylanfvjyn.isblog.net/the-best-side-of-complete-nutrition-4568352
Re-Evaluating Therapeutic Target Goals for Statin-Treated Patients | JACC: Journal of the American College of CardiologyRe-Evaluating Therapeutic Target Goals for Statin-Treated Patients | JACC: Journal of the American College of Cardiology
Ever since Anitschkows pioneering experiments on the role of cholesterol in the causation of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits (2), this intriguing molecule has been at the heart of debate and controversy (3). Initially, the total cholesterol level was used as a measure of risk, then a distinction between α- and β-lipoproteins emerged. As the role of specific lipoproteins became clear, attention focused on the cholesterol content of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which constitutes the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein in serum. The National Cholesterol Education Programs Adult Treatment Program (ATP), first published in 1988, recommended using the LDL cholesterol level as the marker for initiating treatment as well as for gauging therapeutic target goals (4). The well orchestrated campaign that followed these guidelines familiarized the medical community with LDL cholesterol. Since then numerous clinical studies have confirmed the value of nutritional and pharmacologic treatment of ...
http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/52/8/633
High LDL Cholesterol Tied to Early-Onset Alzheimers - Consumer Health News | HealthDayHigh LDL Cholesterol Tied to Early-Onset Alzheimers - Consumer Health News | HealthDay
WEDNESDAY, May 29, 2019 (HealthDay News) -- Heres another reason to keep your cholesterol under control: New research suggests that LDL, or bad, cholesterol may play a role in the development of early-onset Alzheimers. A rare form of the disease that occurs before the age of 65, early-onset Alz...
https://consumer.healthday.com/cognitive-health-information-26/alzheimer-s-news-20/high-ldl-cholesterol-tied-to-early-onset-alzheimer-s-746815.html
How to Lower LDL Cholesterol Naturally with a Healthy Diet PlanHow to Lower LDL Cholesterol Naturally with a Healthy Diet Plan
Caring about your heart and overall health? Having low LDL cholesterol levels is crucial. Learn how to achieve that naturally with a healthy diet plan.
https://wizzley.com/how-to-lower-ldl-cholesterol-naturally-with-a-healthy-diet-plan/
Clinical Trials RegisterClinical Trials Register
To evaluate the effect of alirocumab on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels after 8 weeks of treatment in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH) patients age of 8 to 17 years, with LDL-C ≥130 mg/dL (3.37 mmol/L) on optimal stable daily dose of statin therapy +/- other lipid modifying therapies (LMTs) or a stable dose of non-statin LMTs in case of intolerance to statins for at least 4 weeks prior to the screening period ...
https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2015-003766-85/3rd
Focus on Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) - Dr. Nwizus Weight Loss ProgramFocus on Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) - Dr. Nwizus Weight Loss Program
Cholesterol is a type of fat that is principally made in the liver (about 75%), and with a smaller contribution from animal source (through diet). Cholesterol cannot dissolve in blood and therefore travels to and from cells on transporters or carriers known as lipoproteins. The types of lipoproteins involved in this transport include low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL).. Cholesterol carried by LDL is referred to as LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). It is a bad cholesterol that can build up in the wall of arteries causing what is called atherosclerosis and consequently lead to heart attack, , stroke, disease of the arteries of the lower limbs known as peripheral arterial disease or claudication (that typically presents as lower limb pain, often occurring after walking a predictable distance). Other consequences of the damage to arteries (atherosclerosis) resulting from high LDL-C include narrowing of arteries of the kidney (which may lead to a condition known as renovascular ...
https://weightclinicatfpgreeley.com/2018/11/12/focus-on-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-ldl-c/
Which Is the Real Villain In Heart Disease - Cholesterol or Inflammation? | Stock GumshoeWhich Is the Real Villain In Heart Disease - Cholesterol or Inflammation? | Stock Gumshoe
According to the data behind that chart, a person could have a relatively high level of LDL cholesterol, such as greater than 160 mg/dL, and not be affected by a high level of cardiac risk. A person with elevated levels of CRP, indicating systemic inflammation, would be likely to have a higher level of cardiac risk even if his/her LDL cholesterol level was moderate, lower than 130 mg/dL. But if both the LDL cholesterol and the CRP levels were in the highest range, the cardiac risk would be apt to be very high indeed.. The LDL-C levels considered as low in these graphics are based on the guidelines promulgated by the National Cholesterol Educational Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III in 2001, which used 130 mg/dL as the cutpoint for borderline high LDL-C. More recently, many clinicians have argued for a target LDL-C reading of about 100 mg/dL in individuals with no specific cardiac risk factors, and below 70 mg/dL in persons with one or more risk factors. Thus, the data above could be ...
https://www.stockgumshoe.com/2020/01/which-is-the-real-villain-in-heart-disease-cholesterol-or-inflammation/
FDA Approves New Drug for Rheumatoid Arthritis - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.comFDA Approves New Drug for Rheumatoid Arthritis - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com
Actemra recommended use is limited to patients who have failed other approved therapies because of serious safety concerns that were noted in clinical studies. These safety concerns include elevated liver enzymes, elevated Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or bad cholesterol, hypertension, and gastrointestinal perforations.. Physicians and patients need to be aware of the risk of serious adverse effects of Actemra and make informed decisions regarding its benefits and risks in the treatment of individual patients, said Bob Rappaport, M.D., director of the Division of Analgesics, Anesthetics and Rheumatology Products in the FDAs Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.. The FDA is requiring the sponsor to conduct a post-marketing clinical trial to further evaluate the long-term safety of Actemra. Specifically, the FDA wants to evaluate the impact of elevated LDL cholesterol and blood pressure seen in some patients in shorter-term trials on the cardiovascular health of patients treated with ...
https://www.healthcanal.com/drugs-approvals-trials/4918-fda-approves-new-drug-for-rheumatoid-arthritis.html
Harvard Heart Letter: October 2009 - Harvard HealthHarvard Heart Letter: October 2009 - Harvard Health
Katcher HI, Hill AM, Lanford JL, Yoo JS, Kris-Etherton PM. Lifestyle approaches and dietary strategies to lower LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and raise HDL-cholesterol. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 2009; 38:45-78. Bazzano LA. Effects of soluble dietary fiber on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 2008; 10:473-7. Harland JI, Haffner TA. Systematic review, meta-analysis and regression of randomised controlled trials reporting an association between an intake of circa 25 g soya protein per day and blood cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 2008; 200:13-27. (Locked) More » ...
https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/harvard_heart_letter/2009/october
Heart Attacks Hinge on LDL Cholesterol Particle Number (LDL-P) | Paleo DiabeticHeart Attacks Hinge on LDL Cholesterol Particle Number (LDL-P) | Paleo Diabetic
...according to Drs. Thomas Dayspring and James Underberg. I dont know if these guys are right or not. I bet its more complicated than LDL particle number. Im always skeptical of grand unification theories. People with diabetes tend to have shorter life spans than average. One reason is a predisposition to heart disease, specifically coronary…
https://paleodiabetic.com/2013/07/19/heart-attacks-hinge-on-ldl-cholesterol-particle-number-ldl-p/
Lower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Are Associated with Severe Dengue Outcome. - MIDASLower Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels Are Associated with Severe Dengue Outcome. - MIDAS
Dengue virus (DENV) is a flavivirus of worldwide importance, with approximately 4 billion people across 128 countries at risk of infection, and up to 390 million infections and 96 million clinically apparent cases estimated annually. Previous in vitro studies have shown that lipids and lipoproteins play a role in modifying virus infectivity. However, the relationship between development of severe dengue and total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), respectively, is unclear. We analyzed data from 789 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases and 447 other febrile illnesses (OFI) in a prospective pediatric hospital-based study in Managua, Nicaragua between August 2005 and January 2013, using three different classifications of dengue severity: World Health Organization (WHO) 1997, WHO 2009, and standardized intervention categories. Total serum cholesterol and LDL-C levels decreased over the course of illness and were generally lower ...
https://midasnetwork.us/papers/lower-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol-levels-are-associated-with-severe-dengue-outcome/
Systematic underestimation of association between serum cholesterol concentration and ischaemic heart disease in observational...Systematic underestimation of association between serum cholesterol concentration and ischaemic heart disease in observational...
Table I shows, firstly, the mean total cholesterol concentration of each fifth of the distribution based on the original measurements in the cohort of 21 515 men (the group of 5696 men had the same original values); secondly, the mean total cholesterol concentration; thirdly, the mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration of each fifth based on the repeat measurements in the group of 5696 men; and fourthly, the age adjusted death rates for ischaemic heart disease for the five groups. The threefold difference in mortality from ischaemic heart disease across the groups (1.11 to 3.11 deaths per 1000 man years) corresponded to a difference in original total cholesterol concentration of 3.1 (from 4.8 to 7.9) mmol/l but a smaller difference in repeat total cholesterol concentration of 2.2 (5.0 to 7.2) mmol/l; this is the regression dilution bias. The threefold difference in mortality from ischaemic heart disease corresponded to an even smaller difference in low density lipoprotein ...
http://www.bmj.com/content/308/6925/363.full
Effect of fenofibrate in 1113 patients at lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol goal but high triglyceride levels: Real-world...Effect of fenofibrate in 1113 patients at lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol goal but high triglyceride levels: Real-world...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of fenofibrate in 1113 patients at lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol goal but high triglyceride levels. T2 - Real-world results and factors associated with triglyceride reduction. AU - Woo, Yeongmin. AU - Shin, Jeong Soo. AU - Shim, Chi Young. AU - Kim, Jung Sun. AU - Kim, Byeong Keuk. AU - Park, Sungha. AU - Chang, Hyuk Jae. AU - Hong, Geu Ru. AU - Ko, Young Guk. AU - Kang, Seok Min. AU - Choi, Donghoon. AU - Ha, Jong Won. AU - Hong, Myeong Ki. AU - Jang, Yangsoo. AU - Lee, Sang Hak. PY - 2018/10. Y1 - 2018/10. N2 - Fibrates are used in patients with dyslipidemia and high cardiovascular risk. However, information regarding drug response to fibrate has been highly limited. We investigated treatment results and factors associated with triglyceride reduction after fenofibrate therapy using large-scale real-world data. Patients with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, at low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol goal but with triglyceride level 150 mg/dL, and undergoing ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-fenofibrate-in-1113-patients-at-lowdensity-lipoprotein-
ACC: Antibody to PCSK9 Plus Statins Lowers LDL Cholesterol - MPRACC: Antibody to PCSK9 Plus Statins Lowers LDL Cholesterol - MPR
For statin-treated patients with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, concomitant treatment with a monoclonal antibody to proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is associated with a further reduction in LDL cholesterol.
https://www.empr.com/home/news/acc-antibody-to-pcsk9-plus-statins-lowers-ldl-cholesterol/
Evidence in the treatment of dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome<...Evidence in the treatment of dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Evidence in the treatment of dyslipidemia in the metabolic syndrome. AU - Sung, Li Chin. AU - Wang, Ji Hung. PY - 2008/8. Y1 - 2008/8. N2 - The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors as characteristic and correlated with cardiovascular disease and the development of the diabetes mellitus. The characters of dyslipidemia are the hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. As to the patient having a cardiovascular disease (such as coronary artery disease, stroke, or peripheral artery occlusion) or the diabetes mellitus, the 2001 National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III suggests reducing the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statin. However, there remains a relatively high residual risk of morbidity or mortality in patients with the metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus, and this is of growing importance because of the increasing ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/evidence-in-the-treatment-of-dyslipidemia-in-the-metabolic-syndro
Association of low-frequency and rare coding-sequence variants with blood lipids and coronary heart disease in 56,000 whites...Association of low-frequency and rare coding-sequence variants with blood lipids and coronary heart disease in 56,000 whites...
Low-frequency coding DNA sequence variants in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 gene (PCSK9) lower plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), protect against risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), and have prompted the development of a new class of therapeutics. It is uncertain whether the PCSK9 example represents a paradigm or an isolated exception. We used the Exome Array to genotype |200,000 low-frequency and rare coding sequence variants across the genome in 56,538 individuals (42,208 European ancestry [EA] and 14,330 African ancestry [AA]) and tested these variants for association with LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. Although we did not identify new genes associated with LDL-C, we did identify four low-frequency (frequencies between 0.1% and 2%) variants (ANGPTL8 rs145464906 [c.361C|T; p.Gln121*], PAFAH1B2 rs186808413 [c.482C|T; p.Ser161Leu], COL18A1 rs114139997 [c.331G|A; p.Gly111Arg], and PCSK7 rs142953140 [c.1511G|A; p.Arg504His])
https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/449123
Parkinsons linked to low LDL cholesterol | EmaxHealthParkinsons linked to low LDL cholesterol | EmaxHealth
People with low levels of LDL cholesterol are more likely to have Parkinsons disease than people with high LDL levels, according to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researchers. LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; low levels of LDL cholesterol are considered an indicator of good cardiovascular health. Earlier studies have found intriguing correlations between Parkinsons disease, heart attacks, stroke and smoking.. People with Parkinsons disease have a lower occurrence of heart attack and stroke than people who do not have the disease, said Dr. Xuemei Huang, medical director of the Movement Disorder Clinic at UNC Hospitals and an assistant professor of neurology in the UNC School of Medicine. Parkinsons patients are also more likely to carry the gene APOE-2, which is linked with lower LDL cholesterol. And for more than a decade, researchers have known that smoking, which increases a persons risk for cardiovascular disease, is also associated with a decreased ...
https://www.emaxhealth.com/107/8683.html
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are positively associated with the risk of endobronchial biopsy-induced refractory...Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are positively associated with the risk of endobronchial biopsy-induced refractory...
Lipoprotein concentrations have been associated with the major risk of bleeding events. However, whether plasma levels of LDL-C are associated with the risk of biopsy-related endobronchial hemorrhage remain elusive. Therefore, the present study was initiated to investigate the explicit association of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with endobronchial biopsy (EBB)-induced refractory hemorrhage in patients with lung cancer. This retrospective study included a total of 659 consecutive patients with lung cancer who had undergone EBB at a tertiary hospital between January 2014 and April 2018. Using multiple regression analysis, the association between LDL-C and the risk of EBB-induced refractory hemorrhage was assessed after adjusting for potential confounding factors. A significant proportion (13.8%, 91/659) of the patients experienced refractory hemorrhage following EBB. In multivariate regression analysis, higher plasma LDL-C concentrations were associated with increased risk of EBB-induced
https://lipidworld.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12944-019-1140-2/tables/2
Long-term safety and efficacy of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statin therapy : 20-year follow-up of West...Long-term safety and efficacy of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with statin therapy : 20-year follow-up of West...
BACKGROUND Extended follow-up of statin-based low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering trials improves the understanding of statin safety and efficacy. Examining cumulative cardiovascular events (total burden of disease) gives a better appreciation of the clinical value of statins. This article evaluates the long-term impact of therapy on mortality and cumulative morbidity in a high-risk cohort of men. METHODS AND RESULTS The West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study was a primary prevention trial in 45- to 64-year-old men with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A total of 6595 men were randomized to receive pravastatin 40 mg once daily or placebo for an average of 4.9 years. Subsequent linkage to electronic health records permitted analysis of major incident events over 20 years. Post trial statin use was recorded for 5 years after the trial but not for the last 10 years. Men allocated to pravastatin had reduced all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, ...
https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/16974
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta genotype in relation to cardiovascular risk factors and risk of coronary heart...Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta genotype in relation to cardiovascular risk factors and risk of coronary heart...
OBJECTIVES: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARD) is a transcription factor implicated in the regulation of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. We recently discovered a common polymorphism in the 5-untranslated region (5-UTR) of the human PPARD, +294T/C, that is associated with an increased plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in healthy subjects. Whether the +294C allele is associated with LDL-C elevation independently of the background lipoprotein phenotype and whether it confers increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) is unknown. Against this background, we investigated the relationships between the PPARD polymorphism and plasma lipoprotein concentrations and the risk for contracting CHD in the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS). DESIGN: A nested case-control study of participants in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of pravastatin in mildly-to-moderately hypercholesterolaemic men. SUBJECTS: A total of
https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/24244
Is non-HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol the same? | Reference.comIs non-HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol the same? | Reference.com
Non-HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol are the not the same. Non-HDL cholesterol is tested by subtracting HDL cholesterol from total cholesterol, but it is not equal to LDL cholesterol. Non-HDL...
https://www.reference.com/health/non-hdl-cholesterol-ldl-cholesterol-same-a31226b62d5819a0
swissmilk.chswissmilk.ch
6 months, LDL cholesterol concentrations increased in thelow-carbohydrate group but decreased in the low-fatgroup, such that the differences between groups were sta- reduction observed with a low-fat diet at 3, 6, and 12 tistically significant. These differences cannot be explained months. However, at 2 years, plasma triglyceride concen- by differences in weight loss and are probably due to the tration returned toward baseline in the low-carbohydrate increase in total fat intake in participants who consumed group to values that did not differ from those in the low- the carbohydrate-restricted diet. Over the long-term, how- fat group. Similarly, the decline in directly measured ever, plasma LDL cholesterol concentration in the low- VLDL cholesterol concentration was also greater in the carbohydrate diet group was similar to baseline values, and low-carbohydrate than in the low-fat group at 3, 6, and 12 changes in LDL cholesterol concentrations did not statis- months. However, as with triglyceride ...
http://health-abstracts.com/s/swissmilk.ch1.html
Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies. - Clinical Trial Service Unit &...Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies. - Clinical Trial Service Unit &...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the quantitative importance of dietary fatty acids and dietary cholesterol to blood concentrations of total, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. DESIGN: Meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies of solid food diets in healthy volunteers. SUBJECTS: 395 dietary experiments (median duration 1 month) among 129 groups of individuals. RESULTS: Isocaloric replacement of saturated fats by complex carbohydrates for 10% of dietary calories resulted in blood total cholesterol falling by 0.52 (SE 0.03) mmol/l and low density lipoprotein cholesterol falling by 0.36 (0.05) mmol/l. Isocaloric replacement of complex carbohydrates by polyunsaturated fats for 5% of dietary calories resulted in total cholesterol falling by a further 0.13 (0.02) mmol/l and low density lipoprotein cholesterol falling by 0.11 (0.02) mmol/l. Similar replacement of carbohydrates by monounsaturated fats produced no significant effect on total or low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Avoiding
https://www.ctsu.ox.ac.uk/publications/36005
Epicardial adipose excision slows the progression of porcine coronary atherosclerosis | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery |...Epicardial adipose excision slows the progression of porcine coronary atherosclerosis | Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery |...
We present experimental evidence that, in Ossabaw miniature swine, selective surgical excision of adipose tissue in direct contiguity with one of the epicardial coronary arteries attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis, thus supporting the hypothesis that cEAT could contribute to underlying coronary atherogenesis [13]. The findings are applicable to the early stages of CAD because of the relatively young age of the animals, the short duration of atherogenic diet feeding, and the lack of observed flow-limiting coronary stenosis typical of advanced clinical disease. We acknowledge the substantially high LDL cholesterol levels (,500 m/dL) in the obese group. We have conducted other studies in which the LDL was ~250 mg/dL (e.g. [10, 12]) for a longer duration, which yielded substantial coronary atherosclerosis. We predict a similar result of adipectomy. This very high LDL cholesterol level for a short duration is similar to LDLR−/− humans, who have substantial atherosclerosis. Horton and ...
https://cardiothoracicsurgery.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1749-8090-9-2
Green Tea Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol Levels | Advanced Mediterranean DietGreen Tea Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol Levels | Advanced Mediterranean Diet
Green tea consumption is linked to reduce incidence of cardiovascular disease. The meta-analysis at hand suggests that the benefits are related to reduced total and LDL cholesterol. I suspect its more complicated than that. Collectively, consumption of green tea lowers LDL cholesterol and TC, but not HDL cholesterol or triglycerides in both normal weight subjects…
https://advancedmediterranean.com/2020/06/08/green-tea-reduces-total-and-ldl-cholesterol-levels/
Efficacy and Safety of Chitosan HEP-40 in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia | A Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo...Efficacy and Safety of Chitosan HEP-40 in the Management of Hypercholesterolemia | A Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo...
BACKGROUND: Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of a 12-week treatment regimen with HEP-40TM low-molecular weight chitosan given at daily doses of 1,200 mg, 1,600 mg, and 2,400 mg in reducing serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with low-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: The study was a 16-week, multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Eligible patients were treatment-naive for lipid-lowering medications. Patients were randomly assigned to HEP-40 at the following doses: 400 mg three times daily, 800 mg twice daily, 800 mg three times daily, 2,400 mg once daily, or placebo for 12 weeks. The main outcome measure was the percent change in LDL-C after four weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Out of 283 patients screened, 105 (37.1%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 95 (90.4%) completed the study. The mean (SD) age was 53 (11) years and 62.3 percent were male. The majority of ...
https://www.foundationalmedicinereview.com/blog/resource/efficacy-and-safety-of-chitosan-hep-40%EF%A3%AA-in-the-management-of-hypercholesterolemia-a-randomized-multicenter-placebo-controlled-trial/
Almonds may help boost cholesterol clean-up crew - Research Education EUAlmonds may help boost cholesterol clean-up crew - Research Education EU
Researchers find that eating almonds regularly may help improve HDL cholesterol levels, functionality. Eating almonds on a regular basis may help boost levels of HDL cholesterol while simultaneously improving the way it removes cholesterol from the body, according to researchers.. In a study, researchers compared the levels and function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol) in people who ate almonds every day, to the HDL levels and function of the same group of people when they ate a muffin instead. The researchers found that while participants were on the almond diet, their HDL levels and functionality improved.. Penny Kris-Etherton, distinguished professor of nutrition at Penn State, said the study, published in the Journal of Nutrition, builds on previous research on the effects of almonds on cholesterol-lowering diets.. Theres a lot of research out there that shows a diet that includes almonds lowers low-density lipoprotein, or LDL cholesterol, which is a major risk factor for ...
https://researcheducationeu.com/education/almonds-may-help-boost-cholesterol-clean-up-crew/
Ldl Cholesterol Numbers - CholesterolLdl Cholesterol Numbers - Cholesterol
Diet plans that are low in saturated fat and cholesterol, high in fiber, and also reduced in salt are the most effective selections for a healthy diet regimen. Reducing cholesterol with diet plan alone can minimize the risk of heart diseases such as coronary artery illness (CAD) and also stroke. Individuals with high blood pressure must also make an initiative to maintain their high blood pressure reduced. Blood pressure boosts the danger of creating cholesterol-related problems, so it needs to be regulated also. Ldl Cholesterol Numbers. Smoking cigarettes or utilizing other tobacco products has actually been received numerous research studies to elevate LDL cholesterol levels as well as decrease HDL cholesterol degrees. This is why stopping smoking is so crucial. Other contributors to cholesterol include weight problems, physical lack of exercise, alcohol intake, and also the existence of other threat elements, such as diabetic issues, heart problem, and cancer. Additionally, some drugs, ...
https://mycoolcustom.com/ldl-cholesterol-numbers/
Relationship Between Preoperative Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Periprocedural Myocardial Injury in Patients...Relationship Between Preoperative Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Periprocedural Myocardial Injury in Patients...
BACKGROUND:Periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) is known to be a predictor of postprocedural cardiovascular morbidity and mortality following a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the correlation between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and periprocedural myocardial injury in patients following elective PCI in southern China remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of preoperative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with PMI in patients following elective PCI. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This study included 1942 consecutive patients who received elective PCI. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was used to assess perioperative myocardial injury. The peak cTnI was measured within 24 h after PCI, and the correlation between the cTnI value and the preoperative LDL level was studied. RESULTS:The data suggest that the PCI patients with preprocedural LDL-C |100 mg/dl were strongly and independently correlated with less risk of PMI. Univariate logistic regression
https://www.medscimonit.com/abstract/index/idArt/907400
ldl cholesterol | Medicine Webldl cholesterol | Medicine Web
Having high cholesterol levels may be risky for people with a history of heart disease. In the same way, people should also know that there are two kinds of cholesterol- the good, or HDL cholesterol and the bad, or LDL cholesterol. And since your body needs a certain amount of cholesterol to function properly, you need to raise the HDL cholesterol and lower your LDL cholesterol levels. Here are some simple tips tha ...
http://medicineweb.com/tag/ldl-cholesterol/
Treating to New Targets: plea for a LDL cholesterol target of or below 75 mg/dl in any patient with coronary heart disease]. ...Treating to New Targets: plea for a LDL cholesterol target of or below 75 mg/dl in any patient with coronary heart disease]. ...
The Treating to New Targets (TNT) trial compared atorvastatin 80 mg (aiming at reducing LDL cholesterol | or = 75 mg/dl) and atorvastatin 10 mg (LDL | or = 100 mg/dl as target) in 10,001 patients with stable coronary heart disease followed up for 5 years. A reduction of major cardiovascular events of 22% was observed in the atorvastatin 80 mg group as compared to the atorvastatin 10 mg group (hazard ratio: 0.78; 95 % interval of confidence: 0.69-0.89; p | 0.001). Such clinical efficacy was obtained while a good drug safety profile was maintained. Total mortality was not significantly different between the two groups. However, and remarkably, cardiovascular death was not the first cause of death anymore in this atorvastatin-treated population. The results of TNT in patients with stable coronary heart disease thus confirm the results of PROVE-IT in patients with acute coronary syndrome. These two randomised controlled trials should encourage considering a LDL cholesterol level of 75 mg/dl (rather than
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Treating-to-New-Targets-plea-for-a-LDL-cholestero-Scheen/2502137d9e6de5b3856b200ae26038129765efa0
Reviews: WHY ARE THERE DIFFERENT WAYS OF CALCULATING YOUR TOTAL CHOLESTEROL?Reviews: WHY ARE THERE DIFFERENT WAYS OF CALCULATING YOUR TOTAL CHOLESTEROL?
Technically, there is no pure cholesterol in your bloodstream. Cholesterol is transported by lipoproteins. LDL (reduced-density lipoproteins) and HDL (high-density lipoprotiens) are the lipoprotiens utilised to transport cholesterol.. Tests can be run that really test for the cholesterol, which offers you the total cholesterol number (direct measurement). Or you can run a test for the HDL and LDL cholesterol complexes. You add these values to get a computed total cholesterol. If you run a total cholesterol AND calculate it from summing the HDL and LDL cholesterols they need to be close, but will not concur exactly. Tests have a margin of error. This is why they will not match exactly.. Though triglyerides are typically transported by lipoproteins, I do not know why they would use it to calculate total cholesterol.. We employed to run total cholesterol then and HDL, computing the LDL as a distinction among the total and HDL.. A correction to the answer above this - folic acid is not a fatty ...
http://terjago.blogspot.com/2011/09/reviews-why-are-there-different-ways-of.html
Lowering Bad LDL Cholesterol Does Extend Life | EmaxHealthLowering Bad LDL Cholesterol Does Extend Life | EmaxHealth
The type of surgery the patients received is now only available to a few patients at high risk for heart attack and who cannot tolerate cholesterol lowering medications. The study commenced in 1975. Follow up 25 years later showed that lowering cholesterol added one more year of life for the study participants.. Anti-cholesterol medications called statins are given to lower bad LDL cholesterol levels and are the treatment of choice for preventing heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and for preventing heart attack. Henry Buchwald, M.D., Ph.D., bariatric surgeon at the University of Minnesota Medical School, and lead investigator says the study...contributes to a long path of findings from the POSCH trial, that is, high levels of LDL cholesterol are detrimental to your health. The scientists say the study finding is the only trial that looked at the life-extending benefits of lowering cholesterol over a twenty-five year span. They also say it is the only randomized controlled trial that ...
https://www.emaxhealth.com/1020/lowering-bad-ldl-cholesterol-does-extend-life
Statin Drugs and CoQ10 ArticleStatin Drugs and CoQ10 Article
BY FRED G. ARNOLD, NMD. It is a common belief by many medical professionals that statin drugs lower the Incidence of cardiovascular disease by lowering LDL cholesterol. However, a recent study in the Journal of Clinical Nutrition shows that LDL cholesterol levels do not lower heart disease risk and do not lower the incidence of you dying from a heart attack. LDL cholesterol levels are considered the bad cholesterol and is why many doctors prescribe statin drugs to lower it. In this recent study the researchers evaluated 1,469 women between the ages of 72-78 and the relationship between their LDL levels and their chances of dying from cardiovascular disease for a 10 year period. During this time, 134 women died from cardiovascular disease that had nothing to do with high LDL levels. The women with the highest levels of LDL cholesterol were no more at risk than those with the lowest levels! They discovered that Baseline serum total and LDL cholesterol were not associated with atherosclerotic ...
http://prolotherapyphoenix.com/Article-Statin-Drugs-and-CoQ10.aspx
Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin reduced stroke in patients with, or at risk of, vascular disease | Evidence-Based NursingCholesterol lowering with simvastatin reduced stroke in patients with, or at risk of, vascular disease | Evidence-Based Nursing
Limited research has been available to support a link between elevated cholesterol concentrations and risk of ischaemic stroke. The study by Collins et al provides nurses with definitive evidence that supports the use of statins to reduce stroke in high risk populations. Reduced risk of stroke was reported within just 2 years of simvastatin use. The resultant reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations of 1.0 mmol/l was associated with a 21% risk reduction in stroke. These reductions were reported in patients with and without elevated LDL cholesterol concentrations at baseline and with overall medication adherence rates of 85%.. High risk patients are often confused when they are prescribed statins by consultants if their cholesterol concentrations are known to be within normal range and if they have remained untreated by family physicians. When patients are not confident about the need for a prescribed medication or are concerned about side effects, there is a risk of ...
http://ebn.bmj.com/content/7/3/82
Letters to the Editor: Managing Hypertriglyceridemia with Diet Modifications - American Family PhysicianLetters to the Editor: Managing Hypertriglyceridemia with Diet Modifications - American Family Physician
in reply: We appreciate the comments regarding our article.1 With regards to our recommendations for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia using statins, Dr. Raghavan suggests that fibrates, niacin, or fish oil should play a more prominent role. We agree with his comments about the pharmacotherapy of patients with very high levels of serum triglycerides (at least 500 mg per dL [5.65 mmol per L]), which is supported in our article. However, for patients with lower degrees of triglyceride elevation (between 200 and 499 mg per dL [2.26 to 5.64 mmol per L]) the current treatment guidelines emphasize low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol as the main target of therapy, followed by non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.1 The overwhelming literature on the benefit of statins recommends it as a first-line option in patients with no contraindications who are at moderate to high cardiovascular risk and have elevated LDL cholesterol levels.. Dr. Raghavan also purports that our algorithm is ...
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/0215/p417.html
GW24-e3942 Correlation Analysis between Concentration of Serum Uric Acid and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in...GW24-e3942 Correlation Analysis between Concentration of Serum Uric Acid and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in...
Methods Totally 445 subjects were investigated during physical examination by recording genders and age, measuring height, weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), concentrations of serum uric acid (SUA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting blood glucose (FBG). The physical examination results were analysed with statistical method.. ...
http://heart.bmj.com/content/99/Suppl_3/A124.2
Plus itPlus it
The aim of this work was to evaluate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in hamster animal model expressing cholesterol ester transfer protein under a high-cholesterol diet (HF) supplemented with ezetimibe using primary labeled macrophages. We studied three groups of hamsters (n = 8/group) for 4 weeks: 1) chow diet group: Chow, 2) high-cholesterol diet group: HF, and 3) HF group supplemented with 0.01% of ezetimibe: HF + 0.01%Ezet. After intraperitoneal injection of 3H-cholesterol-labeled hamster primary macrophages, we measured the in vivo macrophage-to-feces RCT. HF group exhibited an increase of triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, and glucose in plasma and higher TG and cholesterol content in liver (P , 0.01) compared with Chow group. Ezetimibe induced a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol with a lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL cholesterol (P , 0.001) and in liver cholesterol (P , 0.001) and TG (P , 0.01) content compared with HF. In vivo RCT essay showed an increase of ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/375/2/349
Cholesterol & Statin Expert - FDA Consultant - Clinical Trials - LawCholesterol & Statin Expert - FDA Consultant - Clinical Trials - Law
The preferred first-line treatment in pharmacologically altering cholesterol is by use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, more commonly referred to the a statins.. Following over four decades of clinical use, Statin experts acknowledge that statins are the most prominent factor in increasing longevity in individuals with excess cholesterol, regardless of the source.. In stating the benefits of lowering cholesterol, cholesterol experts and statin experts reference clinical studies, the accumulation of which now exceed 100,000 patients in published, peer-reviewed clinically-controlled studies, that using statins to meaningfully lower LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, will prevent early death in those with high LDL cholesterol.. The clinical outcomes data is overwhelmingly positive with regards to the benefits of cholesterol-lowering through the use of statins. Experts will concur that although the lowering of LDL-levels with statins, the complete and full ability to use statins to treat ...
http://www.formerfda.com/cholesterol-expert/
Factors contributing to cholesterol | Sano Holistic Nutrition ClinicFactors contributing to cholesterol | Sano Holistic Nutrition Clinic
HDL, or good cholesterol picks up excess cholesterol and takes it back to your liver.. Factors within your control - such as inactivity, obesity and an unhealthy diet - contribute to high LDL cholesterol and low HDL cholesterol. Factors beyond your control may play a role, too. For example, your genetic makeup may keep cells from removing LDL cholesterol from your blood efficiently or cause your liver to produce too much cholesterol.. ...
http://www.sanonutrition.in/factors-contributing-to-cholesterol/
Thyroid, Cholesterol And Statins | EIThyroid, Cholesterol And Statins | EI
Though statins rule the roost when it comes to carry down and controlling the blood ranges of bad ldl cholesterol, the option of utilizing various medicine is at all times there - for its effectiveness, lesser value and minimal unintended effects. Me how low/excessive my cholesterol is. They do the lipo fasting kind and undecided if that is the same factor. Nicotinic acids are used to lower levels of cholesterol to treat high ldl cholesterol, excessive triglycerides, and coronary artery illness. Statins additionally increase the amount of cholesterol that the liver takes up and removes from the blood. And some medicine of this sort may very well raise levels of cholesterol in individuals with liver illness ...
http://everything-inspiring.com/thyroid-cholesterol-and-statins.html
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased cardiovascular disease risk: an analysis of statin clinical trials. |...Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased cardiovascular disease risk: an analysis of statin clinical trials. |...
Deedwania P, Singh V, Davidson MH. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased cardiovascular disease risk: an analysis of statin clinical trials. Am J Cardiol. 2009 Nov 16; 104(10 Suppl):3E-9E ...
https://profiles.uchicago.edu/profiles/display/227977
Organic Archives - Erins Life BitesOrganic Archives - Erins Life Bites
Upon concluding this study, researchers discovered that spirulina supplementation could have a positive effect on lowering lipids, mainly triglycerides.. Reducing blood pressure: One study, conducted in Mexico, evaluated a group of 16 men and 20 women - who had no diagnosed history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes - for six weeks. During the six weeks, participants were told not to modify their lifestyle or diet. Participants were given three .5 gram tablets of spirulina every eight hours over these six weeks. What they discovered at the end of the study is spirulina does have lipid-lowering effects particularly on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Triacylglycerol (adipose tissue used for energy storage) as well as positive effects on lowering overall blood pressure. The ultimate determination being? Spirulina could is a useful supplement for dyslipidemic and hypertensive patients.. Allergies/Chronic Sinus Issues: Do you suffer from seasonal allergies or chronic sinus ...
http://erinslifebites.com/tag/organic/
5 Simple Statements About healthy lifestyle Explained5 Simple Statements About healthy lifestyle Explained
Variants in the cholesterol ester transfer healthy protein as well as lipoprotein lipase genes are predictors of plasma cholesterol feedback to nutritional modification. A meta-analysis of 67 controlled trials of nutritional soluble fiber as a single intervention revealed that the impacts on total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol degrees were small. An extensive evaluation of plant stanols as well as sterols showed that these compounds lower LDL cholesterol degrees in persons at danger of coronary heart disease.15 This testimonial included a meta-analysis of 41 tests showing that 2 g each day of either stanols or sterols decreases LDL website cholesterol degrees by 10 percent. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Specialist Panel on Discovery, Assessment, and also Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Grownups (Grownup Therapy Panel III). Specific irregularity in cardiovascular condition risk aspect responses to low-saturated-fat and also ...
http://bruxismrelief81604.ampblogs.com/5-Simple-Statements-About-healthy-lifestyle-Explained-10003708
Severe Archives - hanielmasriSevere Archives - hanielmasri
Evinacumab (Regeneron) appears to have a dramatic effect on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) with little or no LDL receptor activity, suggests a post hoc analysis of phase 3 trial data.. The results, which one expert described as a game changer for these patients, were presented at the European Atherosclerosis Society 2020 Virtual Congress on October 5, held online this year because of the COVID-19 pandemic.. The phase 3 ELIPSE trial showed that evinacumab, a human monoclonal antibody inhibitor of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3), given intravenously every 4 weeks reduced LDL cholesterol levels in HoFH patients by an average of 47%.. As reported by theheart.org , Medscape Cardiology, the treatment, which was generally well tolerated, was also effective in the approximately one third of patients with minimal residual LDL receptor activity.. Now, Frederick Raal, MD, PhD, the University of the Witwatersrand, ...
https://www.hanielmasri.com/tag/severe
Plus itPlus it
The strategy underlying the addition of a second or third agent is to optimize improvements in the lipid profile achieved by initial (usually statin) therapy. This strategy is based on the empirical assumption that further improvement in the lipid profile beyond that initially achieved will yield additional CVD benefit. However, there are as yet no controlled clinical trials comparing statin monotherapy with combination treatment.. It has been clearly shown that the addition of ezetimibe to a statin will lower LDL cholesterol to goal more often than statin monotherapy will.28 Bile acid sequestrants may also help to lower LDL cholesterol but should be used with caution because they have a triglyceride-raising effect in hypertriglyceridemic patients.29. It is also clear that achievement of all three lipid goals is more likely with statin plus fibrate or statin plus niacin combinations.30-32 However, the added complexity and risks of combination therapy in the absence of persuasive clinical trial ...
http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/content/24/1/27
Dietary Therapy to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease: | Patient Care OnlineDietary Therapy to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease: | Patient Care Online
ABSTRACT: The principal dietary strategy to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is to decrease the amount of saturated fat and cholesterol in the diet. Consumption of soluble fibers, plant sterol and stanol esters, nuts, and soy protein further reduces LDL-C levels. Soluble fibers, such as psyllium, lower LDL-C levels by increasing bile acid loss, interrupting enterohepatic circulation of cholesterol, and reducing hepatic cholesterol delivery. Plant stanol and sterol esters, which are added to margarine, mayonnaise, and olive oil, are effective LDL-C-lowering agents. Nuts such as almonds and walnuts reduce LDL-C levels and have been associated with a 30% to 50% reduction in coronary heart disease risk. A diet that combines the above elements, plus soy protein, reduces LDL-C levels as much as starting doses of statins.
https://www.patientcareonline.com/view/dietary-therapy-reduce-cardiovascular-disease
Ideal Cholesterol Levels - How to Maintain a Healthy Cholesterol Level and Lower the LDL? | Uncreative MindsIdeal Cholesterol Levels - How to Maintain a Healthy Cholesterol Level and Lower the LDL? | Uncreative Minds
Ideal Cholesterol levels are extremely beneficial for maintaining a disease free body. In order to prevent heart diseases and diabetes, we should keep the percentage of LDL lower than HDL. LDL or bad cholesterol can cause damage to your body while HDL or good cholesterol promotes good health.. How To Maintain A Healthy Cholesterol Level And Lower The LDL?. . There are various ways to maintain cholesterol level and lower LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein). Cardio workouts, balanced diet, Yoga and meditation can be the best ways to lead a healthy life.. . Exercising regularly encourages metabolism in our body. It not only helps your body to lose weight but also reduces LDL. By performing cardio workouts such as running, swimming, brisk walking or aerobics, our body can reach ideal cholesterol levels. Drinking sufficient water is the main requisite during the entire process. You should drink at least 10-12 glasses of water daily.. . There are foods, which can easily lower the LDL. You should consume ...
http://uncreativeminds.com/193/
How low is too low? Lowering bad cholesterol by using medication could be bad for you, warn experts - NaturalNews.comHow low is too low? Lowering bad cholesterol by using medication could be bad for you, warn experts - NaturalNews.com
The Penn State study shows that low LDL cholesterol levels may actually be dangerous and lead to an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke. This is when a blood vessel bursts in the brain.. Lead author Dr. Xiang Gao, an associate professor of nutritional science at Penn State wrote, As is true with many things in nutrition, moderation and balance is key when deciding the optimal target level of LDL cholesterol. You cant go to either extreme - too high or too low.. Doctors typically recommend that patients get their LDL cholesterol levels below 100 milligrams per deciliter. Patients at high risk of heart problems are often put on cholesterol lowering drugs to ensure their levels stay below 70 milligrams per deciliter. But, pushing the LDL level too low may increase ones risk of hemorrhaging stroke by 65%.. The study involved roughly 96,000 participants from Tangshan, China. None of the participants had a family history of heart attack, cancer or stroke. Doctors measured the participants ...
https://www.naturalnews.com/2020-02-16-lowering-bad-cholesterol-too-much-could-be-bad-for-you.html
High Cholesterol - Tao of WellnessHigh Cholesterol - Tao of Wellness
It is important to know your levels of cholesterol because there are no outward symptoms to alert you of your condition. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), also known as the bad cholesterol, contributes to hypercholesterolemia and can lead to narrowing of the arteries especially with the presence of inflammation. High-density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol, helps rid the body of bad cholesterol by cleaning up the excess LDL and sending it to the liver, where it is broken down. Your total cholesterol levels should be less than 200 mg/dl, with your LDL cholesterol levels ideally below 100mg/dl and HDL cholesterol levels above 60 mg/dl to give you protection from heart disease.. Beginning with an initial consultation, one of our Tao of Wellness doctors will evaluate both your current cholesterol levels and the physical and lifestyle factors that may have led your body to its current state of imbalance. Chinese medicine is a holistic practice that considers all aspects of your history in ...
http://www.taoofwellness.com/high-cholesterol/
LDL Apheresis, Hypercholesterolemia Treatment & Cardiovascular Disease Treatment Boca Raton, FL | Lower LDL Cholesterol & Heart...LDL Apheresis, Hypercholesterolemia Treatment & Cardiovascular Disease Treatment Boca Raton, FL | Lower LDL Cholesterol & Heart...
Preventive Cardiology Inc. provides comprehensive treatment for cardiovascular disease and looks to prevent heart disease. Visit our website for more info!
http://preventivecardiologyinc.com/about-us/what-we-do/
Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis |...Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis |...
1. Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;131:e29-322. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152 25520374. 2. Ference BA, Yoo W, Alesh I, Mahajan N, Mirowska KK, Mewada A, et al. Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:2631-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.017 23083789. 3. Strilchuk L, Fogacci F, Cicero AF. Safety and tolerability of injectable lipid-lowering drugs: an update of clinical data. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2019;18:611-21. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2019.1620730 31100030. 4. Ruscica M, Banach M, Sahebkar A, Corsini A, Sirtori CR. ETC-1002 (bempedoic acid) for the management of hyperlipidemia: from preclinical studies to phase 3 trials. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2019;20:791-803. doi: ...
https://www.prolekare.cz/casopisy/plos-medicine/2020-7-1/efficacy-and-safety-of-bempedoic-acid-for-the-treatment-of-hypercholesterolemia-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-123044
Canadian researchers find protein that can raise production of low density lipoprotein cholesterol | Procurement & Supply Chain...Canadian researchers find protein that can raise production of low density lipoprotein cholesterol | Procurement & Supply Chain...
Canadian researchers find protein that can raise production of low density lipoprotein cholesterol Article page | Healthcare Global
https://www.healthcareglobal.com/procurement-and-supply-chain/canadian-researchers-find-protein-can-raise-production-low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol
LDL and HDL Explained - Can Workplace Cholesterol Tests Boost Productivity?LDL and HDL Explained - Can Workplace Cholesterol Tests Boost Productivity?
Function of cholesterol. Cholesterol is carried around the body by the blood flowing through your veins. If you eat too many high-fat foods LDL cholesterol builds up inside your veins where it sticks to the walls and prevents sufficient blood getting to your heart. The heart needs a strong blood flow to bring it the oxygen it needs to work properly.. HDL cholesterol is good because it carries bad cholesterol away from the body to be broken down in the liver or passed out as waste matter.. Risks linked to high cholesterol. High levels of bad LDL cholesterol block arteries and starve the heart, brain and body of oxygen. If left untreated this leads to hardening of the arteries making them brittle and prone to tears. A ruptured artery causes internal bleeding. If a piece of hard cholesterol breaks off from the artery wall it can cause a blood clot that completely blocks off the blood flow, causing sudden heart attack or stroke.. Roughly 50% of adult Australians have a blood cholesterol level above ...
http://www.stmarysphysio.com.au/healthy-blog/ldl-and-hdl-explained-can-workplace-cholesterol-tests-boost-productivity
Energy intake at different times of the day: Its association with elevated total and LDL cholesterol levels. | American...Energy intake at different times of the day: Its association with elevated total and LDL cholesterol levels. | American...
Chen, S-J, Chuang S-Y, Chang H-Y, Pan W-H. Energy intake at different times of the day: Its association with elevated total and LDL cholesterol levels. Nutr Metab Cardiovas Dis. 2019. Link to Article
https://www.aace.com/disease-state-resources/lipids-and-cv-health/recent-news-and-updates/energy-intake-different-times
Genetic testingGenetic testing
Tendon xanthomas; elevated LDL cholesterol; premature heart disease *Fanconi anaemia. Predisposition of acute myeloid leukemia ... Elevation of both serum cholesterol and triglycerides; accelerated atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease; cutaneous xanthomas ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_testing
OatOat
"LDL Cholesterol and Oatmeal". WebMD. 2 February 2009.. *^ a b c "Title 21--Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 101 - Food labeling - ... Its daily consumption over weeks lowers LDL and total cholesterol, possibly reducing the risk of heart disease.[1][14] One type ... The established property of their cholesterol-lowering effects[1][2] has led to acceptance of oats as a health food.[13] ... After reports of research finding that dietary oats can help lower cholesterol, the United States Food and Drug Administration ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oats
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteinSterol regulatory element-binding protein
Absence of sterols activates SREBP, thereby increasing cholesterol synthesis.[10] Insulin, cholesterol derivatives, T3 and ... LDL receptor gene) ... As a result, the cell quits making cholesterol once it has ... when cellular cholesterol levels fall below the level needed, the cell makes more of the enzymes necessary to make cholesterol ... where it activates the promoter of genes involved in cholesterol uptake or in cholesterol synthesis. SREBP processing can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterol_regulatory_element-binding_protein
Corpus luteumCorpus luteum
Cholesterol is released and stored within the cell as cholesterol ester. LDL is recycled for further cholesterol transport. ... Progesterone is synthesized from cholesterol by both the large and small luteal cells upon luteal maturation. Cholesterol-LDL ... PKA actively phosphorylates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and translocator protein to transport cholesterol ... cholesterol side chain cleavage) system". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 305 (2): 489-98. doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1452. PMID 8396893.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus_luteum
OatOat
"LDL Cholesterol and Oatmeal". WebMD. 2 February 2009. "Title 21--Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 101 - Food labeling - Specific ... Its daily consumption over weeks lowers LDL and total cholesterol, possibly reducing the risk of heart disease. One type of ... Joyce, Susan A.; Kamil, Alison; Fleige, Lisa; Gahan, Cormac G. M. (2019). "The Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Oats and Oat Beta ... Oats are associated with lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. The wild ancestor of Avena sativa and the closely ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oat
Stormie JonesStormie Jones
LDL-cholesterol, from her bloodstream. As a result, her LDL-cholesterol levels became very high and caused her two heart ... was able to clear the LDL-cholesterol from her blood. Indeed, after the transplant, Stormie's LDL-cholesterol declined by 81%- ... The case showed that the liver controls blood cholesterol and that high cholesterol is controllable, and was part of the ... Stormie had a condition which raised her blood cholesterol to 10 times normal levels. The condition, a severe form of familial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormie_Jones
MedicationMedication
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for lowering LDL cholesterol inhibitors: hypolipidaemic agents. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicines
PCSK9PCSK9
LDL) receptor and LDL cholesterol". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (47): 48865-75. doi:10.1074/jbc.M409699200. PMID 15358785. Lalanne F, ... and thus excessive removal of the LDL receptor, leaving people carrying the mutations with too much LDL cholesterol. Meanwhile ... "Therapeutic RNAi targeting PCSK9 acutely lowers plasma cholesterol in rodents and LDL cholesterol in nonhuman primates". Proc. ... Variants of PCSK9 can reduce or increase circulating cholesterol. LDL-particles are removed from the blood when they bind to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCSK9
TomatineTomatine
Friedman, M., Fitch, T.E., Yokoyama, W.E.; Lowering of plasma LDL cholesterol in hamsters by the tomato glycoalkaloid tomatine ... The amount of plasma LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein) decreases as the amount of dietary tomatine increases. The LD50 ... Cholesterol seems to protect the erythrocytes. Intraperitoneal injection of tomatine results in a decrease of diuresis in rats ... These compounds consist of an aglycon, which is a cholesterol derivative, and a carbohydrate chain, which in the case of α- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatine
Bergamot orangeBergamot orange
Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol were reduced, while HDL-cholesterol increased.[30] ... A study of 80 subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol) found that a daily dose of a Bergamot extract ... such as triglycerides and cholesterol) in the blood. In a group of 107 patients with confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver ... "Bergamot Reduces Plasma Lipids, Atherogenic Small Dense LDL, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Subjects with Moderate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergamot_orange
SirolimusSirolimus
Oxidized LDL cholesterol is a major contributor to atherosclerosis. As of 2016 studies in cells, animals, and humans have ... Rapamycin can accelerate degradation of oxidized LDL cholesterol in endothelial cells, thereby lowering the risk of ... muscle pain and elevated cholesterol. Serious side effects including hypersensitivity and swelling (edema) have been observed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirolimus
French paradoxFrench paradox
... partly through increasing HDL cholesterol whilst reducing LDL cholesterol. In 1999, Malcolm Law and Nicholas Wald published a ... Second, Law and Wald presented a time-lag hypothesis: if there were a delay in serum cholesterol concentrations increasing and ... Consumption of animal fat and serum cholesterol concentrations increased only recently in France but did so decades ago in ... from CHD is more likely to be linked to past levels of serum cholesterol and fat consumption than to current serum cholesterol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_paradox
Dietary fiberDietary fiber
suppress cholesterol synthesis by the liver and reduce blood levels of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides responsible for ... Lowers total and LDL cholesterol, which may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease[1] ... this in turn lowers cholesterol levels in the blood from the actions of cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation of cholesterol.[6] ... Dietary fiber and cholesterol metabolism[edit]. Dietary fiber may act on each phase of ingestion, digestion, absorption and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietary_fibre
Eicosapentaenoic acidEicosapentaenoic acid
... "bad cholesterol") and LDL-C values (always only a calculated estimate; not measured by labs from person's blood sample for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eicosapentaenoic_acid
Blood testBlood test
LDL. Low Density Lipoprotein. Level of "bad cholesterol" in the blood (ratio of HDL:LDL is usually more significant than actual ... Tests focusing on cholesterol levels can determine LDL and HDL cholesterol levels, as well as triglyceride levels.[5] ... Level of "good cholesterol" in the blood (ratio of HDL:LDL is usually more significant than actual values). ... Multiple tests for specific blood components, such as a glucose test or a cholesterol test, are often grouped together into one ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_Test
DyslipidemiaDyslipidemia
Another diagnostic test that is often reviewed is LDL cholesterol. Low density lipoproteins are made up of cholesterol, TG, ... LDL-C molecules bind to the endothelium of blood vessels and cause plaque formation. Once plaques are formed, LDL-C floating in ... In addition to plaque formation, LDL-C molecules can undergo oxidation. Oxidation can cause further accumulation of cholesterol ... Rosenson, Robert S; Durrington, Paul (July 1, 2020). "Inherited disorders of LDL-cholesterol metabolism other than familial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslipidemia
ATP citrate synthaseATP citrate synthase
The enzyme's action can be inhibited by the coenzyme A-conjugate of bempedoic acid, a compound which lowers LDL cholesterol in ... CLEAR Harmony Trial) (March 2019). "Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol". The New England Journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_citrate_synthase
Bempedoic acidBempedoic acid
In a study, it reduced LDL cholesterol by about 20 mg/dl compared to placebo and had no more side effects than placebo, ... CLEAR Harmony Trial) (March 2019). "Safety and Efficacy of Bempedoic Acid to Reduce LDL Cholesterol". New England Journal of ... "Esperion Announces FDA Approval of Nexletol (bempedoic acid) Tablet, an Oral, Once-Daily, Non-Statin LDL-Cholesterol Lowering ... who need additional lowering of LDL cholesterol. In the EU, bempedoic acid is indicated in adults with primary ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bempedoic_acid
Intermediate-density lipoproteinIntermediate-density lipoprotein
IDL is one of the five major groups of lipoproteins (chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL) that enable fats and cholesterol to ... In general, IDL, somewhat similar to low-density lipoprotein (LDL), transports a variety of triglyceride fats and cholesterol ... The multiple copies of ApoE allow IDL to bind to the LDL receptor with a very high affinity. When IDL is converted to LDL, the ... Their size is, in general, 25 to 35 nm in diameter, and they contain primarily a range of triglycerides and cholesterol esters ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-density_lipoprotein
SEC24ASEC24A
Male homozygotes had decreased circulating cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000113615 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEC24A
Obesity-associated morbidityObesity-associated morbidity
Obesity is associated with increased LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and lowered HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol). Obesity ... According to NIH, obesity causes the amount of cholesterol in bile to rise, in turn the formation of stone can occur Due to its ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity-associated_morbidity
Sterol regulatory element-binding proteinSterol regulatory element-binding protein
SREBP-2 regulates the genes of cholesterol metabolism.. Function[edit]. SREB proteins are indirectly required for cholesterol ... LDL receptor gene) ... As a result, the cell quits making cholesterol once it has ... when cellular cholesterol levels fall below the level needed, the cell makes more of the enzymes necessary to make cholesterol ... where it activates the promoter of genes involved in cholesterol uptake or in cholesterol synthesis. SREBP processing can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SREBP
Glycated hemoglobinGlycated hemoglobin
NO is a potent vasodilator and also inhibits formation of plaque promoting LDLs (i.e. "bad cholesterol") oxidized form.[12] ... Loose heme can cause oxidation of endothelial and LDL proteins which results in plaques.[12] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin_A1C
Constance KiesConstance Kies
She found that consuming dietary fiber reduced total and LDL-cholesterol. Kies found that calcium supplements increased copper ... and manganese and decreased intake of dietary cholesterol and fat. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Kies
Asymmetric dimethylarginineAsymmetric dimethylarginine
Boger RH, Sydow K, Borlak J, Thum T, Lenzen H, Schubert B, Tsikas D, Bode-Boger SM (21 July 2000). "LDL cholesterol upregulates ... ADMA concentrations are substantially elevated by native or oxidized LDL cholesterol. Thus a spiralling effect occurs with high ... Statins, as well as affecting circulating cholesterol levels, also increase nitric oxide levels and so have a direct effect on ... endothelial LDL levels causing greater ADMA values, which in turn inhibit NO production needed to promote vasodilation. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_dimethylarginine
PravastatinPravastatin
Overall, the result is a reduction in circulating cholesterol and LDL. A minor reduction in triglycerides and an increase in ... LDL). These reductions increase the number of cellular LDL receptors, thus LDL uptake increases, removing it from the ... have not improved cholesterol levels. The evidence for the use of pravastatin is generally weaker than for other statins. The ... an enzyme found in liver that plays a role in producing cholesterol. Pravastatin was patented in 1980 and approved for medical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravastatin
DesogestrelDesogestrel
... can also cause changes in total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol. Uncommon side effects of desogestrel may include vaginal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desogestrel
SimvastatinSimvastatin
Statins are more effective than other lipid-regulating drugs at lowering LDL-cholesterol concentration, but they are less ... Pedersen, TR (2010). "Pleiotropic effects of statins: Evidence against benefits beyond LDL-cholesterol lowering". American ... but having relatively low LDL cholesterol. In this trial, which lasted 5.4 years, overall mortality was reduced by 13% and ... simvastatin reduced overall mortality in people with existing cardiovascular disease and high LDL cholesterol by 30% and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simvastatin
Alcohol and cardiovascular diseaseAlcohol and cardiovascular disease
B. It decreases LDL ("bad") cholesterol for both healthy and patient populations though the effect is still under debate. C. It ... A. It increases HDL ("good") cholesterol. However, the increase of HDL cholesterol is dose and disease dependent. Some ... improves cholesterol (both HDL and LDL) particle size II. Alcohol decreases thrombosis (blood clotting). A. It reduces platelet ... For some diabetic patients and postmenopausal populations, a small dose of alcohol is effective to increase HDL cholesterol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_and_cardiovascular_disease
Dyslipidémia - WikipédiaDyslipidémia - Wikipédia
Za hlavný parameter a cieľ liečby je považovaný LDL cholesterol. Jeho hodnoty by mali podľa rizikovosti pacienta klesnúť pod 3, ... LDL-C = TC - HDL-C - TAG/2,2) zo stanovených hodnôt celkového cholesterolu (total cholesterol, TC), triglyceridov (TG) a ... ako LDL cholesterolu. Protektívny HDL cholesterol by mal mať koncentráciu najmenej 1 mmol/l. Hladina celkového cholesterolu, ... low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C). Táto hodnota sa dá za dodržania určitých podmienok vypočítať (pomocou ...
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslipidémia
Lipid-lowering agentLipid-lowering agent
Lecithin has been shown to effectively decrease cholesterol concentration by 33%, lower LDL by 38% and increase HDL by 46%. [3] ... For example, some may lower the "bad cholesterol" low density lipoprotein (LDL) more so than others, while others may ... Statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) are particularly well suited for lowering LDL, the cholesterol with the strongest links ... are particularly effective for lowering LDL-C by sequestering the cholesterol-containing bile acids released into the intestine ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid-lowering_agent
ஆனைக்கொய்யா - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியாஆனைக்கொய்யா - தமிழ் விக்கிப்பீடியா
இந்த ஆய்வுகளானவை LDL (மோசமான கொழுப்பு) மற்றும் டிரைகிளிசரைடு ஆகியவற்றின் அளவுகளில் 22 சதவீதத்தைக் குறைக்கின்றன மற்றும் HDL ( ... avocado pulp reduces body weight and total hepatic fat but increases plasma cholesterol in male rats fed diets with cholesterol ...
https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/வெண்ணெய்_பழம்
Apolipoprotein C4Apolipoprotein C4
"Common SNPs in HMGCR in micronesians and whites associated with LDL-cholesterol levels affect alternative splicing of exon13". ... 2010). "No interaction between alcohol consumption and HDL-related genes on HDL cholesterol levels". Atherosclerosis. 211 (2): ... 2006). "Consistent effects of genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein levels in ... high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides in humans". Nat. Genet. 40 (2): 189-97. doi:10.1038/ng.75. PMC 2682493 . ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolipoprotein_C4
Hypervitaminosis AHypervitaminosis A
LDL), retinoic acid bound to albumin, water soluble β-glucuronides of retinol and retinoic acid, and provitamin A carotenoids.[ ... cholesterol test. *liver function test. *blood test for vitamin A. Relevance of blood testsEdit. Retinol concentrations are ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervitaminosis_A
Hypercholesterolemia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaHypercholesterolemia - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
LDL (low density lipoprotein) is sometimes called 'bad cholesterol' because people with high levels of LDL cholesterol have ... Types of cholesterol[change , change source]. Not all cholesterol is bad. There are different kinds of cholesterol in the blood ... If it is inhibited, the body makes less cholesterol. So statin drugs lower the amount of LDL (bad) cholesterol in the blood ... Cholesterol is usually in the walls of cells. It is only in animals. Plants do not synthesize cholesterol. So the cholesterol ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercholesterolemia
肥胖症 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书肥胖症 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
低脂饮食：主要是减少食物中脂肪的含量，但不减少摄入食物的总量。该方法是美国国家胆固醇教育计划（英语：National Cholesterol Education Program）中的第1步和第2步。16个试验（持续时间2-12个月不等）的 後設分析结果显 ... β低脂蛋白血症/LDL
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/肥胖
Beta-glucanBeta-glucan
"The effect of oat β-glucan on LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and apoB for CVD risk reduction: A systematic review and ... At dietary intake levels of at least 3 g per day, oat fiber β-glucan decreases blood levels of LDL cholesterol and so may ... and rye have been studied for their effects on cholesterol levels in people with normal cholesterol levels and in those with ... A particular interest in oat β-glucan arose after a cholesterol lowering effect from oat bran reported in 1981.[2] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-glucans
Intermittent claudicationIntermittent claudication
Cholesterol. *LDL. *Oxycholesterol. *Trans fat. Stenosis. *Carotid artery stenosis. *Renal artery stenosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_claudication
කොලෙස්ටරෝල් - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂයකොලෙස්ටරෝල් - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂය
This measures total cholesterol, LDL (bad) cholesterol, HDL (good) cholesterol and triglycerides. It is recommended to have ... Since higher blood LDL, especially higher LDL particle concentrations and smaller LDL particle size, contribute to this process ... more than the cholesterol content of the LDL particles,[18] LDL particles are often termed "bad cholesterol" because they have ... Most testing methods for LDL do not actually measure LDL in their blood, much less particle size. For cost reasons, LDL values ...
https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/කොලෙස්ටරෝල්
Familial hypercholesterolemiaFamilial hypercholesterolemia
LDL cholesterol normally circulates in the body for 2.5 days, and subsequently the apolipoprotein B portion of LDL cholesterol ... who require additional lowering of LDL cholesterol.[34]. Homozygous FHEdit. Homozygous FH is harder to treat. The LDL receptors ... reduced binding of LDL particles to the receptor causes the increased level of LDL cholesterol. It is not known how the ... and LDL circulates for an average duration of 4.5 days, resulting in significantly increased level of LDL cholesterol in the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familial_hypercholesterolemia
OatOat
"LDL Cholesterol and Oatmeal". WebMD. 2 February 2009.. *^ a b c "Title 21--Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Part 101 - Food labeling - ... Its daily consumption over weeks lowers LDL and total cholesterol, possibly reducing the risk of heart disease.[1][16] ... The established property of their cholesterol-lowering effects[1] has led to acceptance of oats as a health food.[15] ... After reports of research finding that dietary oats can help lower cholesterol, the United States Food and Drug Administration ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oat
Hypertensive kidney diseaseHypertensive kidney disease
Cholesterol. *LDL. *Oxycholesterol. *Trans fat. Stenosis. *Carotid artery stenosis. *Renal artery stenosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_nephropathy
Low-carbohydrate dietLow-carbohydrate diet
... in triglyceride and HDL cholesterol values should be weighed against potential unfavorable changes in LDL and total cholesterol ... though such diets can cause high LDL cholesterol levels, which carry a risk of atherosclerosis in the long term.[24] Potential ... Food and Nutrition Board (2002/2005). Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol ... These diets are generally associated with higher intakes of total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol because the protein is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-glycemic_diet
MedicationMedication
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for lowering LDL cholesterol inhibitors: hypolipidaemic agents. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical
બદામ - વિકિપીડિયાબદામ - વિકિપીડિયા
"Nuts and plasma lipids: an almond-based diet lowers LDL-C while preserving HDL-C". J Am Coll Nutr. 17 (3): 285-90. PMID ... "Almonds: Cholesterol lowering, heart-healthy snack" (પ્રેસ રિલીઝ). Porter Novelli. September 2002. http://www.scienceblog.com/ ...
https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/બદામ
ProbioticProbiotic
... in total cholesterol concentration, and a decrease of 7.7 mg/dl (0.2 mmol/l) (5% decrease) in serum LDL concentration.[89] ... Cholesterol[edit]. A 2002 meta-analysis that included five double-blind trials examining the short-term (2-8 weeks) effects of ... Agerholm-Larsen L, Bell ML, Grunwald GK, Astrup A (2002). "The effect of a probiotic milk product on plasma cholesterol: a meta ... a yogurt with probiotic strains on serum cholesterol levels found little effect of 8.5 mg/dl (0.22 mmol/l) (4% decrease) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic?wprov=sfti1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic?wprov=sfti1
Lasker AwardLasker Award
The discovery of the statins-drugs with remarkable LDL-cholesterol-lowering properties that have revolutionized the prevention ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasker_Foundation
Hypertensive emergencyHypertensive emergency
Cholesterol. *LDL. *Oxycholesterol. *Trans fat. Stenosis. *Carotid artery stenosis. *Renal artery stenosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensive_emergency
Dance and healthDance and health
As an aerobic exercise abridged levels of total blood cholesterol, especially in LDL cholesterol, acknowledged as bad and helps ... Another gain of dancing is for those who have high cholesterol, plus drugs and adequate food, dancing can draw. ... boost levels of HDL or good cholesterol.[13] Dancing in general increases, muscle strength and flexibility, which in turn, ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_and_health
Olive oilOlive oil
... and for the contribution to the maintenance of normal blood LDL-cholesterol levels by replacing saturated fats in the diet with ... HDL cholesterol, malondialdehyde, and oxidized LDL when compared to low-polyphenol olive oils.[117] ... "Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to olive oil and maintenance of normal blood LDL-cholesterol ... a meta-analysis of 26 clinical trials reported that high-polyphenol olive oil improved measures of total cholesterol, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_oil
TorcetrapibTorcetrapib
... cholesterol-containing particle) and reduces LDL levels (the "bad" cholesterol).[vague][citation needed] ... which normally transfers cholesterol from HDL cholesterol to very low density or low density lipoproteins (VLDL or LDL). ... Dietary cholesterol needs be esterified in order to be absorbed from the gut. The enzyme, cholesterylester transfer protein ( ... Torcetrapib (CP-529,414, Pfizer) was a drug being developed to treat hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torcetrapib
Secondary hypertensionSecondary hypertension
Cholesterol. *LDL. *Oxycholesterol. *Trans fat. Stenosis. *Carotid artery stenosis. *Renal artery stenosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_hypertension
Saturated fatSaturated fat
LDL, "bad" cholesterol) or low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL, "good" cholesterol) cholesterol are all associated with ... indicators measuring cholesterol such as high total/HDL cholesterol ratio are more predictive than total serum cholesterol.[57] ... "Lower your cholesterol". National Health Service. Retrieved 2012-05-03.. *^ "Nutrition Facts at a Glance - Nutrients: Saturated ... "Cholesterol". Irish Heart Foundation. Retrieved 2011-02-28.. *^ U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturated_fats
Growth hormone deficiencyGrowth hormone deficiency
Lipid abnormalities, particularly raised LDL cholesterol. *Increased levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor ... high cholesterol levels, or poor bone density.[1] ... Low blood sugar, high cholesterol levels, poor bone density[1][ ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone_deficiency
Vertebral artery dissectionVertebral artery dissection
Cholesterol. *LDL. *Oxycholesterol. *Trans fat. Stenosis. *Carotid artery stenosis. *Renal artery stenosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebral_artery_dissection
Intracranial aneurysmIntracranial aneurysm
Cholesterol. *LDL. *Oxycholesterol. *Trans fat. Stenosis. *Carotid artery stenosis. *Renal artery stenosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_aneurysm
Lactobacillus fermentumLactobacillus fermentum
Consumption of ME-3 indeed results in a reduction of oxidized LDL cholesterol, which is a major contributor to atherosclerosis ... fermentum may remove cholesterol through in vivo is by the absorption of cholesterol, which as a result accelerates cholesterol ... Cholesterol Reduction[edit]. One of the ways in which Lactobacillus fermentum has been seen as a probiotic is by its ability to ... A third mechanism is by causing the body to consume more cholesterol. L. fermentum would interfere with the recycling of bile ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactobacillus_fermentum
Apple juice - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaApple juice - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The compounds in apple juice called phytonutrients delay the break down of LDL or cholesterol. In history, the phrase from ...
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_juice
Oves - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedijaOves - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
... tudi holesterola LDL oziroma t. i. »slabega holesterola«),[20][21] saj preprečujejo žolču, da bi se ponovno absorbiral v telo, ... "Oat beta-glucan reduces blood cholesterol concentration in hypercholesterolemic subjects". European Journal of Clinical ... Oat Products and Blood Cholesterol Lowering. Health Canada. November 2010. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/alt_formats/pdf/label- ...
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oves
Familial hypercholesterolaemia - inherited high cholesterol Familial...Familial hypercholesterolaemia - inherited high cholesterol Familial...
... condition in which affected members of a family have high levels of LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) in their blood. ... A blood cholesterol test can be used to detect abnormal cholesterol levels. In people with familial hypercholesterolaemia, LDL ... Cholesterol: what is your target?. Your cholesterol target levels can differ from other peoples cholesterol goals, because ... Cholesterol: treatments for high cholesterol. If you have high cholesterol, your doctor may prescribe lipid-lowering medicines ...
https://www.mydr.com.au/heart-stroke/familial-hypercholesterolaemia
LDL: The Bad Cholesterol: MedlinePlusLDL: The 'Bad' Cholesterol: MedlinePlus
... cholesterol. A high LDL level can lead to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. ... LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, is the bad ... LDL (Bad) Cholesterol Level. LDL Cholesterol Category. Less ... What should my LDL level be?. With LDL cholesterol, lower numbers are better, because a high LDL level can raise your risk for ... If you have a high LDL level, this means that you have too much LDL cholesterol in your blood. This extra LDL, along with other ...
https://medlineplus.gov/ldlthebadcholesterol.html
ldl cholesterol - Postsldl cholesterol - Posts
Treatments and Tools for ldl cholesterol. Find ldl cholesterol information, treatments for ldl cholesterol and ldl cholesterol ... MedHelps ldl cholesterol Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, ... Posts on ldl cholesterol. Levothyroxine and increasing LDL, Cholesterol - Thyroid Disorders Community ... My total cholesterol was 253....good cholesterol was 106 (hdl ) and 133 (ldl) which the doc... ...
http://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/82711/ldl-cholesterol?section=subjects
LDL & HDL: Good & Bad Cholesterol | cdc.govLDL & HDL: Good & Bad Cholesterol | cdc.gov
LDL (low-density lipoprotein), sometimes called "bad" cholesterol, makes up most of your bodys cholesterol. High levels of LDL ... When your body has too much LDL cholesterol, the LDL cholesterol can build up on the walls of your blood vessels. This buildup ... About Cholesterolplus icon *LDL and HDL Cholesterol: "Bad" and "Good" Cholesterol ... A cholesterol test, or screening, tells your health care provider the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol in your blood. This ...
https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/ldl_hdl.htm
New Cholesterol Guidelines Abandon LDL TargetsNew Cholesterol Guidelines Abandon LDL Targets
The new cholesterol guidelines identify four major groups of patients in whom statins should be used and recommend either ... "Patients could have a completely normal lipid profile, with normal triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, but ... Similarly, for those with LDL cholesterol levels ,190 mg/dL, a high-intensity statin should be used with the goal of achieving ... For those with diabetes aged 40 to 75 years of age, a moderate-intensity statin, defined as a drug that lowers LDL cholesterol ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/814152
HDL cholesterol LDL - PostsHDL cholesterol LDL - Posts
Find HDL cholesterol LDL information, treatments for HDL cholesterol LDL and HDL cholesterol LDL symptoms. ... MedHelps HDL cholesterol LDL Center for Information, Symptoms, Resources, Treatments and Tools for HDL cholesterol LDL. ... Posts on HDL cholesterol LDL. Blood test results: Is this a cholesterol problem - Cholesterol Community ... hello..i want to ask about my cholesterol..my LDL cholesterol is 4.5 is that normal?dangero... ...
https://www.medhelp.org/tags/show/27916/HDL-cholesterol-LDL?section=subjects
LDL Cholesterol and Heart DiseaseLDL Cholesterol and Heart Disease
There are two types of lipoprotein: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is sometimes called bad cholesterol and high-density ... Cholesterol is transported around the body in the bloodstream on proteins called lipoproteins. ... lipoprotein (HDL), also referred to as good cholesterol. ... LDL transports cholesterol to the arteries, and when the LDL ... www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/ldl_hdl.htm. *Cholesterol: Understanding HDL vs. LDL. Harvard Health Publishing 2018. Ami Bhatt. ...
https://www.news-medical.net/health/LDL-Cholesterol-and-Heart-Disease.aspx
LDL Cholesterol | LabCorpLDL Cholesterol | LabCorp
LDL cholesterol, LDL-C) is one type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol in the blood. LDL-C consists mostly of cholesterol ... LDL; LDL-C Formal name:. Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Related tests:. Cholesterol; HDL Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Lipid ... see the article on Direct LDL Cholesterol).. Of all the forms of cholesterol in the blood, the LDL-C is considered the most ... LDL-C is considered to be undesirable and is often called "bad" cholesterol because it deposits excess cholesterol in blood ...
https://www.labcorp.com/help/patient-test-info/ldl-cholesterol
TLC Diet Program for Lowering High LDL CholesterolTLC Diet Program for Lowering High LDL Cholesterol
And even those who dont have high cholesterol can benefit. ... a way to help you lower your cholesterol through smart food ... Articles OnHigh Cholesterol Diet. High Cholesterol Diet High Cholesterol Diet - Whats the TLC Program for High Cholesterol? * ... High-density lipoprotein (HDL). Thats the "good cholesterol.". When levels of LDL are too high, your chance of heart disease ... Less than 200 milligrams of dietary cholesterol.. You do this to lower your LDL level. You can always talk to your doctor or ...
https://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/tlc-diet
HDL vs. LDL cholesterol: Differences, ranges, and ratiosHDL vs. LDL cholesterol: Differences, ranges, and ratios
In this article, learn about the difference between HDL and LDL - ... but too much bad cholesterol can be harmful and is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. ... LDL cholesterol. HDL cholesterol can move LDL cholesterol from the blood.. LDL cholesterol is often called bad cholesterol. If ... Causes of high LDL cholesterol. High LDL cholesterol may be caused by inactivity. ...
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321484.php
Legumes Lower LDL Cholesterol | Medpage TodayLegumes Lower LDL Cholesterol | Medpage Today
LDL) cholesterol, according to a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ... Legumes Lower LDL Cholesterol. A diet rich in legumes lowered low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, according to a meta- ... Men may have responded more favorably to the intervention because they tend to have higher levels of LDL cholesterol than women ... In that study, a 1% reduction in LDL cholesterol translated to a 1% reduction in cardiovascular mortality, the authors said. " ...
https://www.medpagetoday.com/endocrinology/generalendocrinology/45138
Direct LDL Cholesterol | LabCorpDirect LDL Cholesterol | LabCorp
What is a direct LDL cholesterol test? What is a direct LDL cholesterol test?. The direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ... measures the amount of LDL cholesterol, sometimes called "bad" cholesterol, in the blood. Elevated levels of LDL-C are ... Read the article on LDL Cholesterol to learn more about LDL-C and what results might mean. ... Calculated LDL-C is about as accurate as direct LDL-C when triglyceride levels are normal and can be done at no additional cost ...
https://www.labcorp.com/help/patient-test-info/direct-ldl-cholesterol
LDL Cholesterol | Livestrong.comLDL Cholesterol | Livestrong.com
... nutrition with ldl cholesterol news, facts, tips, & other information. Educate yourself about ldl cholesterol & help yourself ...
https://www.livestrong.com/sscat/ldl-cholesterol/
LDL Cholesterol and Troglitazone Therapy | Diabetes CareLDL Cholesterol and Troglitazone Therapy | Diabetes Care
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Diabetes Care.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/21/12/2201.2
Beyond LDL Cholesterol Reduction | CirculationBeyond LDL Cholesterol Reduction | Circulation
Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in ... Success of LDL-C Reduction. Within the past decade, clinical trials of LDL-C reduction have convincingly demonstrated that LDL- ... gemfibrozil has been reported to have little to no effect on total LDL mass in LDL pattern A and B individuals.24 In LDL ... there was a significant reduction in small LDL counterbalanced by a significant increase in large LDL, whereas LDL pattern A ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/94/10/2351
LDL cholesterol - Science-Based MedicineLDL cholesterol - Science-Based Medicine
Tag: LDL cholesterol. NutritionPharmaceuticalsScience and Medicine. Cholesterol Skeptics Strike Again. Im really tired of ... It was a re-hash of the same kind of misinformation that is being spread by The International Network of Cholesterol Skeptics ( ... Lewis Joness article "Cholesterol-shmesterol" in Skeptical Briefs (December 2007) included errors and misconceptions about ... arguing about cholesterol, but I feel obliged to stand up once more to defend science-based medicine from unfair calumny. ...
https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/tag/ldl-cholesterol/
What are the sexual predilections of low LDL cholesterol syndromes?What are the sexual predilections of low LDL cholesterol syndromes?
Low LDL Cholesterol (Hypobetalipoproteinemia) Q&A What are the sexual predilections of low LDL cholesterol syndromes?. Updated ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/121975-192203/what-are-the-sexual-predilections-of-low-ldl-cholesterol-syndromes
The Latest Medications to Lower LDL - Cholesterol | HealthCentralThe Latest Medications to Lower LDL - Cholesterol | HealthCentral
Statins have long been the drug of choice to reduce LDL cholesterol. While statins are effective for many people, they dont ... Remember that oil (LDL) and water (blood) dont mix. PCSK9 inhibitors, which allow receptors to pull LDL from blood, include ... As bile acids decrease, the liver generates more LDL receptors. Thats good because the receptors latch onto LDL and pull it ... including high LDL, the bad cholesterol that increases risk for heart attack and stroke. ...
https://www.healthcentral.com/article/the-latest-medications-to-lower-ldl
LDL cholesterol impairs therapy | Science SignalingLDL cholesterol impairs therapy | Science Signaling
A diet high in LDL cholesterol may hinder the therapeutic efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients. ... A diet high in LDL cholesterol may hinder the therapeutic efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients. ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/10/478/eaan5924/tab-e-letters
How to Decrease LDL Cholesterol - InfoBarrelHow to Decrease LDL Cholesterol - InfoBarrel
At one point in time we thought cholesterol was bad for us. While we were correct, now we understand that there are two types. ... Simply by having higher HDL cholesterol it will naturally lower your LDL. The HDL basically pushes the LDL into your liver so ... Since we already know that HDL lowers LDL then this is a great but indirect way of reducing your LDL cholesterol. ... By simply changing your diet around a bit you can also further cut your LDL cholesterol. For example, by cutting out some red ...
http://www.infobarrel.com/How_to_Decrease_LDL_Cholesterol
LDL cholesterol and statinsLDL cholesterol and statins
My total cholesterol was 220 but that is because my HDL was 150, a bit more than twice as high as the LDL at 70. In his words ... My total cholesterol number is high but that is because I have excellent HDL, so a higher LDL is irrelevant. Plenty of ... LDL is supposed to be much lower than HDL. Easy to remember if you think the H means Healthy and the L means Lousy! My LDL ... Ive used panethine to lower my LDL cholesterol by 20%. As has another of my family members. This is an excellent article on ...
http://www.essentialdayspa.com/forum/viewthread.php?p=6528276
LDL Cholesterol & Heart HealthLDL Cholesterol & Heart Health
... cholesterol, is a major cause of heart disease. Cleveland Clinic experts discuss how to maintain heart health. ... to have a low LDL cholesterol level. The optimal guideline level of LDL cholesterol is less than 100 mg/dl. Research from the ... The fact is, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the bad cholesterol, is a major cause of heart disease. LDL causes the ... The guidelines recommend you have a complete lipoprotein profile that measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high- ...
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/16866-cholesterol-guidelines--heart-health
NHANES 2007-2008: Cholesterol - LDL & Triglycerides Data Documentation, Codebook, and FrequenciesNHANES 2007-2008: Cholesterol - LDL & Triglycerides Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
LBDLDL - LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL). Variable Name: LBDLDL. SAS Label: LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL). English Text: LDL-cholesterol (mg/ ... LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L). Variable Name: LBDLDLSI. SAS Label: LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L). English Text: LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) ... and HDL-cholesterol according to the Friedewald calculation: [LDL-cholesterol] = [total cholesterol] - [HDL-cholesterol] - [ ... LDL-cholesterol is calculated from measured values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2007-2008/TRIGLY_E.htm
How to Lower Your Cholesterol LDL vs. HDL (Foods, Diet, Meds)How to Lower Your Cholesterol LDL vs. HDL (Foods, Diet, Meds)
Foods high in cholesterol include fatty meats, milk products, egg yolks, snacks, crackers, muffins, and fast foods. LDL (bad) ... cholesterol can be lowered with diet, medications, exercise, weight loss, and quitting smoking. ... Foods in the diet that lower cholesterol are foods high in fiber, low in saturated fats, olive oil, soy, and nuts. ... What is LDL cholesterol or the bad cholesterol?. *LDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein) is called bad cholesterol, ...
https://www.medicinenet.com/lower_cholesterol_levels_with_diet_and_medication/article.htm
The Facts About LDL, The Bad Kind of CholesterolThe Facts About LDL, The Bad Kind of Cholesterol
Learn about LDL, the bad kind, such as normal levels, risk factors, and how to reduce them. ... There are two kinds of cholesterol - one good, and one bad. ... cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol can build up in ... HDL cholesterol carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to the liver. Your liver then processes the cholesterol ... Facts About LDL: The Bad Kind of Cholesterol. Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, MD on November 2, 2016. - Written by Rachel ...
https://www.healthline.com/health/ldl-cholesterol
Parkinsons linked to low LDL cholesterol | EmaxHealthParkinson's linked to low LDL cholesterol | EmaxHealth
LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; low levels of LDL cholesterol are considered an indicator of good ... People with low levels of LDL cholesterol are more likely to have Parkinsons disease than people with high LDL levels, ... "Parkinsons patients are also more likely to carry the gene APOE-2, which is linked with lower LDL cholesterol." And for more ... These findings led Huang to examine whether higher LDL cholesterol might be associated with a decreased occurrence for ...
https://www.emaxhealth.com/107/8683.html
LDL cholesterol - SNPediaLDL cholesterol - SNPedia
LDL cholesterol is often considered bad cholesterol, compared to HDL cholesterol. Genetics can affect LDL levels and health ... Retrieved from "https://www.SNPedia.com/index.php?title=LDL_cholesterol&oldid=871465" ...
https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/LDL_cholesterol
Lowering Ldl CholesterolLowering Ldl Cholesterol
... with Diet. There is no getting around this, so you might as well face it head on. You are what you eat ... Lowering LDL Cholesterol with Exercise. Fortunately in many respects diet and exercise go hand in hand. If one is healthy the ... Your heart grows healthier and stronger, and you find yourself lowering LDL cholesterol and considerably less at risk for heart ... This makes the challenge of lowering LDL cholesterol much easier. Regular aerobic exercise can mean running several miles, ...
http://www.articleinsider.com/health-and-fitness/cholesterol/lowering-ldl-cholesterol
Lowering Bad LDL Cholesterol Does Extend Life | EmaxHealthLowering Bad LDL Cholesterol Does Extend Life | EmaxHealth
Anti-cholesterol medications called statins are given to lower bad LDL cholesterol levels and are the treatment of choice for ... Researchers say they have proven definitely that lowering bad LDL cholesterol levels can extend life. Now researchers say ... high levels of LDL cholesterol are detrimental to your health." The scientists say the study finding is the only trial that ... keeping your LDL or bad cholesterol level lower definitely leads to a longer lifespan, supporting multiple journal studies and ...
https://www.emaxhealth.com/1020/lowering-bad-ldl-cholesterol-does-extend-life
StatinsAtherosclerosisLipoproteinsTriglyceridesLowered low-density lipLipoprotein cholesterolLevelsCoronaryArteriesStands for low-density lipMmolCardiovascularLowersReduction of LDL CholesterolSerumGood cholesterolReductionsDietReceptorsLevelPCSK9VLDLStatin therapyMedicationsLiverTargetsFatsSignificantlyHelp lower your LDL cholesterolHeart diseaseDietaryShown that lowering LDL chChallenge of lowering LDL chPatientsConcentrationsBloodPeople with high LDLHypercholesterolemiaMeasurement of LDL cholesterolDirect LDL CholesterolBaseline LDL cholesterolLipidReducesPlant sterolsHypothesis
Statins41
  • My understanding is that the statins with the greatest LDL reducing effect are Crestor, Lip. (medhelp.org)
  • Statins have long been the drug of choice to reduce LDL cholesterol. (healthcentral.com)
  • My late mother bragged that her cholesterol was under 200 but her HDL was very low and she took statins. (essentialdayspa.com)
  • Additional research has shown that statins, drugs used to treat high LDL cholesterol appear to also protect the heart in other ways. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Statins are the most widely-used drugs to treat high cholesterol. (healthline.com)
  • If you take your statins as prescribed, they can significantly lower your LDL levels. (healthline.com)
  • Huang cautioned that people should not change their eating habits, nor their use of statins and other cholesterol-lowering drugs, because of the results. (emaxhealth.com)
  • Cholesterol has been demonized and statin drugs (Zocor, Crestor, Lipitor, Baycol, Mevacor or Altocor, Pravachol, Lescol, Livalo) have been touted as miracle drugs for lowering cholesterol, yet as we've seen use of statins increase we've seen heart disease as well as diabetes increase. (emaxhealth.com)
  • Numerous classes of drugs including statins, fibric acid derivatives, bile acid sequestrants, nicotinic acid, and cholesterol absorption inhibitors are available to not only reduce cholesterol but also improve overall cholesterol profile. (healthcentral.com)
  • Amgen Inc. ( AMGN ) Sunday reported positive results from phase 1b study of AMG 145, an investigational PCSK9 inhibitor, in patients with high cholesterol who were taking statins. (rttnews.com)
  • The study revealed that multiple doses of the drug significantly reduced LDL, or bad cholesterol, by up to 81 percent compared to placebo in patients on low to moderate doses of statins. (rttnews.com)
  • In the 51-patient study, the subjects who received AMG 145 every two weeks in combination with low to moderate doses of statins had LDL reductions of up to 75 percent versus placebo at sixth week. (rttnews.com)
  • Meanwhile, the subjects who received AMG 145 in combination of low to moderate doses of statins every four weeks showed up to a 66 percent reduction in LDL at eighth week. (rttnews.com)
  • Patients on high doses of statins who received AMG 145 every two weeks had a reduction in LDL of up to 63 percent versus placebo at sixth week, the company said. (rttnews.com)
  • For patients with high LDL, or bad, cholesterol the primary focus of treatment is to lower their levels, but many patients today do not achieve recommended levels despite lifestyle modifications and treatment with statins,' said Christopher Cannon, M.D., Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Cardiovascular Division at Brigham and Women's Hospital, and a member of the Steering Committee for the Phase 3 ODYSSEY clinical trial program. (news-medical.net)
  • Many patients in the U.S. face the challenge of achieving LDL cholesterol levels recommended by healthcare providers, despite treatment with standard of care including statins. (news-medical.net)
  • In the ODYSSEY LONG TERM trial which evaluated Praluent 150 mg every two weeks, Praluent reduced LDL cholesterol by 58 percent versus placebo at week 24 when added to current standard of care, including maximally tolerated statins. (news-medical.net)
  • In ODYSSEY COMBO I, Praluent 75 mg every two weeks as an adjunct to statins reduced LDL cholesterol by an additional 46 percent compared to placebo at week 12. (news-medical.net)
  • Reductions in LDL cholesterol levels with combination therapy (32 to 48 percent) were significantly superior to colesevelam or statins alone (7 to 16 percent and 22 to 34 percent, respectively). (aafp.org)
  • Combination therapy also decreased total cholesterol levels 6 to 10 percent more than statins alone, but did not impact HDL or triglyceride levels, whereas atorvastatin alone decreased triglyceride levels. (aafp.org)
  • Ischemic stroke patients with lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, including those on statins, may be at increased risk of developing a brain hemorrhage after recanalization therapy, regardless of other risk factors, according to a March 6 study in Neurology (68:737-742). (lww.com)
  • We're not in any way advocating not taking statins, but our study suggests that something is going on and we'll need new studies to see if the risk is real and if there is an LDL threshold below which the risk increases," he told Neurology Today . (lww.com)
  • Prior studies have shown that pre-stroke statin use may improve ischemic stroke outcomes, yet there is also evidence that statins and extremely low cholesterol levels may increase the risk of intracranial hemorrhage. (lww.com)
  • Statins, a type of LDL cholesterol-lowering drug, were recently shown to have a significant, positive association with newly diagnosed cancer cases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Following the adage, "lower is better," intensive LDL cholesterol lowering has been practiced by physicians on their patients throughout America since 1987, with Lovastatin and more recently with a new generation of statins. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • So we asked what component in LDL cholesterol could be the common link between statins and decreased cellular oxygen? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • We also know that statins, by design, reduce the amount of cholesterol. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Nevertheless, with the new advancements in clinical medicine, it has now become possible to bring down the LDL levels to as low as 15 mg/dl using PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies alone or in combination with statins. (hindawi.com)
  • The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (NCEP IV) guidelines recommend prescription of evidence-based doses of statins independent of the LDL level [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In fact, study authors report that patients with side effects were more than three times more likely to miss the cholesterol target than those without side effects, and that those who did not take their statins were three times more likely to miss the target than patients who did take them. (uspharmacist.com)
  • The studies thus far that have been carried out where we've used PCSK9 inhibitors on top of maximal-tolerated statins drives LDL down 20 [mg/dL] and below, and so far, what we've seen has been reassuring in that the lower the better in terms of reducing cardiovascular events, and the treatments have been safe. (healio.com)
  • Gotto presented telling data from a number of those studies, with some examining statins alone and others focusing on combinations with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 ( PCKS9) inhibitors as they relate to not only reducing LDL levels, but also to protecting against adverse CV outcomes. (healio.com)
  • According to Gotto, LDL cholesterol and risks for coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction or mortality were significantly reduced or numerically lowered in four trials that compared different doses of various statins, including intensive atorvastatin therapy, simvastatin and pravastatin, which are considered more standard therapy. (healio.com)
  • Gotto went on to present findings from the FOURIER and ODYSSEY trials, which exhibited how PCSK9 inhibitors can further enhance the work of statins in yielding LDL cholesterol reductions and CV benefits. (healio.com)
  • In the FOURIER trial, evolocumab (Repatha, Amgen) treatment was compared with placebo in a population of individuals already using statins who had LDL cholesterol levels of at least 70 mg/dL and atherosclerotic CVD. (healio.com)
  • We talked about who benefits from taking statins, is LDL really the "bad" cholesterol, and how to keep your blood thin and protect yourself from heart attacks and strokes, naturally. (whus.org)
  • There are prescription medications called statins that many physicians prescribe to their patients to lower their cholesterol levels. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • However, the problem with statins is that while they do help lower your LDL cholesterol levels, they have almost no effect on HDL (good) cholesterol. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • Also, some patients in the group with high LDL cholesterol levels could have received statins during the study which could have had a protective effect, which the authors acknowledge as a limitation of their study. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
  • What did Americans do before the advent of plant oils, margarine, cholesterol-free soy protein, fat-free dairy, and statins? (marksdailyapple.com)
  • A class of drugs called statins blocks cholesterol synthesis and is used extensively in treating heart disease. (wikipedia.org)
Atherosclerosis26
  • Too much LDL cholesterol in the blood can cause deposits of fats to build up in the walls of the arteries (atherosclerosis). (mydr.com.au)
  • People with familial hypercholesterolaemia have high cholesterol from birth and are at high risk of developing atherosclerosis at a young age. (mydr.com.au)
  • Lower LDL levels are better, to a point, but a recommended goal is a blood level of less than 130 mg/dL among people who do not have atherosclerosis or diabetes. (news-medical.net)
  • Elevated levels of LDL-C are associated with an increased risk of hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) and heart disease. (labcorp.com)
  • The reason for such a large number of poor responders may lie in the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities linked to atherosclerosis that are not detected on routine laboratory tests and hence are not adequately treated with just LDL-C reduction. (ahajournals.org)
  • 6 Knowledge of a patient's Lp(a) value is of particular use in predicting atherosclerosis risk when other risk factors, such as high LDL-C, are present. (ahajournals.org)
  • HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol is called the 'good' cholesterol because HDL cholesterol particles prevent atherosclerosis by extracting cholesterol from artery walls and disposing of them through liver metabolism. (medicinenet.com)
  • High levels of LDL cholesterol and low levels of HDL cholesterol are risk factors for narrowing of the arteries in the body (atherosclerosis). (medicinenet.com)
  • In univariate analyses, the percent change in the levels of LDL cholesterol, CRP, apolipoprotein B-100, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were related to the rate of progression of atherosclerosis. (nih.gov)
  • LDL cholesterol is an unhealthy form of cholesterol that collects in the walls of blood vessels and causes blockages of atherosclerosis. (reference.com)
  • For this reason the LDL-Cholesterol concentration is considered to be the most important clinical predictor, of all single parameters, with respect to coronary atherosclerosis. (randox.com)
  • Accurate measurement of LDL-Cholesterol is of vital importance in therapies which focus on lipid reduction to prevent atherosclerosis or reduce its progress and to avoid plaque rupture. (randox.com)
  • LDL cholesterol is considered the "bad" cholesterol, because it contributes to fatty buildups in arteries ( atherosclerosis ). (heart.org)
  • There is a chemical found in cigarettes, called acrolein that stops HDL cholesterol from travelling to the liver and causes atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries). (gnet.org)
  • The research on natural substances affecting cholesterol metabolism for prevention of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis has particular therapeutic importance. (springer.com)
  • Compared to baseline and the other diets, the avocado diet lowered levels of small, dense LDL particles, which are a risk factor for atherosclerosis. (berkeleywellness.com)
  • LDL cholesterol is harmful, but small, dense LDL particles are particularly dangerous because they are better able to get into artery walls where plaque forms, thus promoting atherosclerosis. (berkeleywellness.com)
  • They are also more easily oxidized, and oxidized LDL plays an important role in atherosclerosis. (berkeleywellness.com)
  • Autopsies of thousands of young accident victims have shown that blood cholesterol levels were closely correlated with the amount of atherosclerosis in their arteries. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • That's where we start out at birth, that's the level seen in populations largely free of heart disease, and that's the level at which the progression of atherosclerosis appears to stop in cholesterol-lowering trials. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • The level of LDL is the single most important marker of atherosclerosis (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • LDL is the "bad cholesterol" a high level of these in the blood stream is often thought to be the cause, in part, to several conditions such as heart disease and atherosclerosis. (hubpages.com)
  • Because of the patient's high LDL-C concentration and family history of atherosclerosis, she was referred for a cardiology evaluation. (aacc.org)
  • Cigarette smoking is linked to higher cholesterol levels as well as the formation of a damaging form of LDL called oxidized LDL , which contributes to atherosclerosis . (verywellhealth.com)
  • Evidence points to elevated blood levels of LDL cholesterol as a cause of atherosclerosis, which is a hardening of an artery specifically due to an atheromatous plaque related to LDL. (juvenon.com)
  • Scientists now believe that cholesterol wouldn't be nearly as dangerous without this process that is thought to be a key player in atherosclerosis. (juvenon.com)
Lipoproteins26
  • LDL and HDL are two types of lipoproteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • LDL stands for low-density lipoproteins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cholesterol travels through the blood on proteins called "lipoproteins. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholesterol is transported around the body in the bloodstream on proteins called lipoproteins. (news-medical.net)
  • There is a third type of cholesterol called VLDL (very-low-density lipoproteins), which is another type of "bad" cholesterol produced in the liver, and contains a high amount of triglycerides. (medicinenet.com)
  • There are two main types of cholesterol carried by different types of lipoproteins. (healthline.com)
  • Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are sometimes called "bad" cholesterol. (healthline.com)
  • High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are referred to as "good" cholesterol. (healthline.com)
  • Non-HDL cholesterol also includes other lipoproteins. (reference.com)
  • Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) are synthesised in the liver by the action of various Lipolytic enzymes on triglyceride rich Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs). (randox.com)
  • Two types of lipoproteins carry cholesterol to and from cells. (heart.org)
  • HDL (high-density-lipoprotein), LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) are lipoproteins that act as carrier proteins for cholesterol. (abcam.com)
  • Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is considered bad cholesterol and may make arterial narrowing worse. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Cholesterol is a waxy substance that clings to a group of proteins called lipoproteins. (gnet.org)
  • Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to low density lipoproteins (LDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol. (mdibl.org)
  • Hypothesis of the study: The daily administration of a new extract of aged black garlic (SANE), with a higher concentration of bioactive compounds and lower unwanted compounds will lower cholesterol levels of low density lipoproteins (LDL-c), and will produce favorable changes on other markers of cardiovascular risk in individuals with moderate hypercholesterolemia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Lipoproteins allow lipids such as triglycerides and cholesterol to be transported into the blood stream and from there to tissue. (hubpages.com)
  • HDL is known as 'good' cholesterol because a high level of HDL or high density lipoproteins helps to protect against heart attack. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Cholesterol in low density lipoproteins can be measured specifically and precisely by optically measuring a reaction product of a living sample with cholesterol oxidase or cholesterol dehydrogenase in the presence of an amphoteric surfactant. (google.com)
  • This invention relates to a process for measuring cholesterol in low density lipoproteins (hereinafter referred to as "LDL") present in living body samples such as serum, plasma, etc. (google.com)
  • The lipoproteins can be classified by differences in density into high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and chylomicrons (CM), etc. (google.com)
  • Among these lipoproteins, HDL has a function of carrying excess cholesterol deposited on tissues to a liver, and has an anti-asteriosclerotic action. (google.com)
  • High-density lipoproteins (HDLs), also known as good cholesterol, act like waste removal carriers. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), also known as bad cholesterol, keep blood cholesterol circulating in your bloodstream, leaving plaque on artery walls along the way. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • The sixth highest cause of premature death in the study was high low-density lipoproteins, LDL, which was linked to 113,000 deaths annually. (juvenon.com)
  • Cholesterol is carried through the bloodstream attached to two different compounds called lipoproteins: low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). (juvenon.com)
Triglycerides17
  • LDL-C is usually not measured directly but is a calculated from the results of the other components of the lipid profile, including total cholesterol , HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) , and triglycerides (see Common Questions #3 for the formula). (labcorp.com)
  • total cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) , and triglycerides . (labcorp.com)
  • A direct LDL-C may be ordered by your healthcare practitioner when prior test results have indicated high triglycerides. (labcorp.com)
  • The guidelines recommend you have a complete 'lipoprotein profile' that measures total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL, the good cholesterol that may help prevent heart disease), and triglycerides, another type of fat in the blood stream. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The good cholesterol, the bad cholesterol and something called triglycerides. (sharecare.com)
  • The NHLBI says that at 1.5 to 3 g dose, you could experience up to 25 percent reduction in LDL cholesterol, up to 50 percent reduction in triglycerides and up to a 35 percent increase in HDL cholesterol. (livestrong.com)
  • Cholesterol screening is part of a blood test called a lipoprotein analysis that measures not only total cholesterol in the body but also different types of cholesterol and triglycerides (another type of fat in the body). (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed at baseline and after 4 weeks. (springer.com)
  • Blood samples were collected for the determination of the concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglycerides at the beginning and at the end of the 4-week dietary intervention. (springer.com)
  • the best-known form in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is marked by high levels of triglycerides and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. (ajmc.com)
  • Learn more about HDL and LDL cholesterol , triglycerides and key factors that can keep your cholesterol levels healthy. (sharecare.com)
  • There was no change in HDL cholesterol, triglycerides or the concentration of fat soluble vitamins. (nih.gov)
  • Fish contains omega-3 fatty acids which have an extreme effect in lowering both cholesterol and triglycerides. (hubpages.com)
  • Our experts have discovered a special natural cholesterol lowering formula with vitamins, minerals and herbal extracts to help lower LDL cholesterol levels as well as decrease triglycerides (fats) and promote overall heart health. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • Many natural nutrients can not only lower LDL cholesterol, but can increase HDL (good) cholesterol and decrease triglycerides (fats). (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • People who eliminate trans fat and carbohydrates from grains (soda, pasta, bread, desserts) see major drops in bad cholesterol and triglycerides despite continuing to eat cholesterol-rich foods like red meat, eggs, cream, and butter. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • High blood triglycerides generally mean lower HDL cholesterol, higher risk of heart attack & stroke. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
Lowered low-density lip1
  • A diet rich in legumes lowered low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, according to a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (medpagetoday.com)
Lipoprotein cholesterol12
  • The test for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is used as part of a lipid profile to predict an individual's risk of developing heart disease and to help make decisions about what treatment may be needed if there is borderline or high risk. (labcorp.com)
  • The direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol test (direct LDL-C) measures the amount of LDL cholesterol, sometimes called "bad" cholesterol, in the blood. (labcorp.com)
  • Treating to New Targets (TNT) Study: does lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below currently recommended guidelines yield incremental clinical benefit? (clevelandclinic.org)
  • LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol is called 'bad' cholesterol because elevated levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of stroke , peripheral artery disease , or coronary heart disease ( atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease , ASCVD). (medicinenet.com)
  • Patients with high cholesterol who took tablets with plant sterols and stanols had reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a randomized crossover study. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Dietary supplements with plant sterols and stanols appear to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in people with high cholesterol, according to the results of a study published online on July 16, 2012, in Nutrition . (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Regulation of HDL (high-density-lipoprotein)-cholesterol and LDL (low-density-lipoprotein)-cholesterol plays a central role in various disease developments. (abcam.com)
  • POWAY, CA - March 6, 2008 -- Diazyme Laboratories announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Diazyme 510(k) clearance to market its LDL-Cholesterol Assay Kit for the quantitative determination of Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in human serum or plasma. (ga.com)
  • VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein) Cholesterol Calculation is made easier. (easycalculation.com)
  • Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is the major target for CHD prevention, and T2DM women seem to reach LDL-C targets less frequently than men. (hindawi.com)
  • Objective: There is a strong positive association between increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and coronary heart disease (CHD). (thefreelibrary.com)
  • DALLAS, Wednesday, Nov. 13, 2019 - In this analysis of 3,984 participants from ISCHEMIA (78% of 5179 randomized) with available data, predictors of reaching one-year goals are reported for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). (eurekalert.org)
Levels224
  • Familial hypercholesterolaemia (or familial hyperlipidaemia) is an inherited (genetic) condition in which affected members of a family have high levels of LDL cholesterol, the so-called 'bad' cholesterol, in their blood. (mydr.com.au)
  • This is because high cholesterol levels by themselves often don't cause any symptoms. (mydr.com.au)
  • Some families carry genes that lead to high levels of LDL cholesterol. (mydr.com.au)
  • Other conditions that can cause high cholesterol levels (such as thyroid or kidney problems) need to be ruled out before a diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia can be made. (mydr.com.au)
  • A blood cholesterol test can be used to detect abnormal cholesterol levels. (mydr.com.au)
  • In people with familial hypercholesterolaemia, LDL levels are generally very high for their age. (mydr.com.au)
  • People with very high LDL cholesterol levels usually need to take a combination of medicines to effectively lower their cholesterol levels. (mydr.com.au)
  • Regular physical activity can improve cholesterol levels and lower your risk of coronary heart disease. (mydr.com.au)
  • Regular monitoring of your cholesterol levels, and for evidence of blood vessel disease, is important. (mydr.com.au)
  • A blood test can measure your cholesterol levels, including LDL. (medlineplus.gov)
  • As women and men get older, their cholesterol levels rise. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Before the age of menopause, women have lower total cholesterol levels than men of the same age. (medlineplus.gov)
  • After the age of menopause, women's LDL levels tend to rise. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, African Americans typically have higher HDL and LDL cholesterol levels than whites. (medlineplus.gov)
  • High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for heart disease and stroke. (cdc.gov)
  • If you have high LDL cholesterol levels, your health care team may recommend cholesterol-lowering medicine and lifestyle changes to lower your risk for heart disease and stroke. (cdc.gov)
  • If you have low HDL cholesterol levels, talk to your doctor about lifestyle changes that may help raise your levels. (cdc.gov)
  • A cholesterol test, or screening, tells your health care provider the levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol in your blood. (cdc.gov)
  • Individuals with diabetes aged 40 to 75 years old with LDL-cholesterol levels between 70 and 189 mg/dL and without evidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. (medscape.com)
  • In most cases, the formula provides a good estimate of the LDL-C, but it becomes less accurate with increased triglyceride levels (i.e., above 400 mg/dL). (labcorp.com)
  • LDL-C levels may be ordered as part a Lipid Profile when a person has a routine health exam. (labcorp.com)
  • When levels of LDL are too high, your chance of heart disease increases. (webmd.com)
  • The program tries to lower your LDL levels. (webmd.com)
  • They can help lower your LDL levels. (webmd.com)
  • While they lower LDL levels, which you want to happen, they can also lower HDL levels, which is what you don't want. (webmd.com)
  • Some cholesterol is needed in the body, but high levels can be dangerous. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In this article, we look at HDL and LDL in detail, including what makes one good and the other bad, as well as what a person can do to keep levels in check. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The lower this number is, the healthier a person's cholesterol levels are. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Studies suggest that the total cholesterol to HDL ratio is a better marker of the risk of heart disease than LDL cholesterol levels alone. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Another method of assessing cholesterol levels is calculating a non-HDL cholesterol level. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • People whose diets included a median intake of 130 g/d of "pulses" -- such as beans, chickpeas, lentils and peas -- had lower LDL cholesterol levels than those on a control diet (mean difference -0.17 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.09), according to the study published online in CMAJ . (medpagetoday.com)
  • This is important especially for patients with hypercholesterolemia who prefer dietary approaches to managing their cholesterol levels, or for those who cannot tolerate statin therapies," wrote Sievenpiper and his colleagues. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Men may have responded more favorably to the intervention because they tend to have higher levels of LDL cholesterol than women "and they tend to have poorer dietary habits and thus better responses to healthier diets," the authors said. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Calculated LDL-C is about as accurate as direct LDL-C when triglyceride levels are normal and can be done at no additional cost as part of a lipid profile. (labcorp.com)
  • In most cases, calculated LDL-C is a good estimate of the LDL-C, but it becomes less accurate with increasing triglyceride levels. (labcorp.com)
  • In some laboratories, the direct LDL test will automatically be performed when the triglyceride levels are too high to calculate LDL-C. This saves the healthcare practitioner time by not needing to order another test, saves you time by not needing to have a second blood sample drawn, and speeds up the time to provide the test result. (labcorp.com)
  • Start by consulting with a board-certified doctor to obtain cholesterol levels and determine risk for heart attack and stroke. (healthcentral.com)
  • These trans fats are now known to cause very high LDL cholesterol levels. (infobarrel.com)
  • These are found in fish oil and is commonly used to cut bad cholesterol along with triglyceride levels. (infobarrel.com)
  • Much better indicator of potential heart problems than cholesterol levels. (essentialdayspa.com)
  • Research from the Cleveland Clinic (REVERSAL study) compared two cholesterol lowering drugs (pravastatin and atorvastatin) and found that lower levels of LDL, as low as 60 mg/dl had better outcomes. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Serum LDL-cholesterol levels were derived on examinees that were examined in the morning session only. (cdc.gov)
  • A high blood cholesterol levels is also referred to as hypercholesterolemia, and is found in the blood circulation of humans. (medicinenet.com)
  • Should elevated cholesterol levels be found, testing may need to occur more frequently. (medicinenet.com)
  • People with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes , LDL cholesterol levels greater 190 mg/dL, and those with a 10-year heart disease risk of greater than 7.5% would benefit from moderate- to high-intensity statin drug therapy. (medicinenet.com)
  • The liver is able to regulate cholesterol levels in the bloodstream and can secrete cholesterol if the body needs it. (medicinenet.com)
  • What are "normal" cholesterol blood levels? (medicinenet.com)
  • There are no established 'normal' blood levels for total and LDL cholesterol. (medicinenet.com)
  • High levels of LDL cholesterol can build up in your arteries, causing heart disease. (healthline.com)
  • It's important to have healthy levels of both types of cholesterol. (healthline.com)
  • If your cholesterol levels are too high, deposits can occur in your arteries. (healthline.com)
  • What are healthy levels of cholesterol? (healthline.com)
  • Cholesterol levels are measured in milligrams (mg) per tenth-liter (dL) of blood. (healthline.com)
  • Healthy total cholesterol levels - the sum of your HDL and LDL - should stay below 200 mg/dL. (healthline.com)
  • Over 73.5 million Americans, roughly 32 percent of the American population, have high levels of LDL cholesterol. (healthline.com)
  • People with high cholesterol have twice the risk of heart disease as people with healthy levels of cholesterol. (healthline.com)
  • Men should begin monitoring their cholesterol levels more closely starting at age 45. (healthline.com)
  • Women tend to have lower cholesterol levels than men until menopause, at which point their levels begin to rise. (healthline.com)
  • Cholesterol levels rise with age, especially in women after menopause. (healthline.com)
  • Physical activity reduces cholesterol levels, as does reducing the amount of saturated fat in your diet. (healthline.com)
  • Exercise lowers your LDL levels and boosts your HDL levels. (healthline.com)
  • It also helps you lose weight, which can help lower your cholesterol levels. (healthline.com)
  • People with low levels of LDL cholesterol are more likely to have Parkinson's disease than people with high LDL levels, according to University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researchers. (emaxhealth.com)
  • low levels of LDL cholesterol are considered an indicator of good cardiovascular health. (emaxhealth.com)
  • Participants with lower LDL levels (less than 114 milligrams per deciliter) had a 3.5-fold higher occurrence of Parkinson's than the participants with higher LDL levels (more than 138 milligrams per deciliter). (emaxhealth.com)
  • It has been suggested by clinical trials that eating oats can lower cholesterol levels. (emaxhealth.com)
  • Genetics can affect LDL levels and health risks. (snpedia.com)
  • Researchers say they have proven definitely that lowering bad LDL cholesterol levels can extend life. (emaxhealth.com)
  • contributes to a long path of findings from the POSCH trial, that is, high levels of LDL cholesterol are detrimental to your health. (emaxhealth.com)
  • 2 Many patients who have diabetes with dyslipidemia remain poorly controlled despite recommendations for lower LDL cholesterol levels. (uspharmacist.com)
  • With so many patients in need of lipid-lowering therapy, this question arises: Are we treating LDL cholesterol levels sufficiently to achieve the desired goals? (uspharmacist.com)
  • See Table 1 for risk levels and corresponding LDL cholesterol goals). (uspharmacist.com)
  • Both HPS and PROVE IT, as well as the recent Treating to New Targets (TNT) study, suggest that there is additional benefit by reducing LDL cholesterol levels to below 100 mg/dL. (uspharmacist.com)
  • How Can I Lower My Cholesterol Levels? (sharecare.com)
  • Feeding C57BL/6 mice the lipid-lowering drug probucol (0.25% wt/wt) for 2 wk induced a 90% decrease in plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and a 77% reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. (wellnessresources.com)
  • In conclusion, we have shown that lipoprotein deficiency in mice as a result of probucol feeding is associated with decreased adrenal cortex cholesterol levels, a lower basal and stress-induced plasma glucocorticoid level, and an increased susceptibility to LPS-induced inflammation. (wellnessresources.com)
  • The correlation between the reduction in LDL cholesterol levels and that in CRP levels was weak but significant in the group as a whole (r=0.13, P=0.005), but not in either treatment group alone. (nih.gov)
  • The parents of a patient with ABL have normal cholesterol levels, while the parents of a patient with homozygous FHBL have lower-than-average cholesterol levels. (medscape.com)
  • Heterozygous FHBL - Patients with heterozygous FHBL may have total cholesterol levels that are below the fifth percentile (and may be less than 100 mg/dL). (medscape.com)
  • Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are also reduced by one half or more. (medscape.com)
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are normal or slightly increased. (medscape.com)
  • Homozygous FHBL - Patients with homozygous FHBL show extremely low plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. (medscape.com)
  • Patients who are obligate heterozygotes have normal cholesterol levels. (medscape.com)
  • Weight loss and the amount of weight lost parallel improvements in triglyceride and cholesterol levels. (healthcentral.com)
  • Even low amounts of exercise such as walking 30minutes/day 5-7days/wk has been shown to have a positive impact on cholesterol levels. (healthcentral.com)
  • Levels of LDL and its subtypes are directly related to the risk of heart attack and stroke . (healthcentral.com)
  • Studies have shown that non-HDL cholesterol is a better predictor of coronary heart disease than LDL cholesterol, especially in individuals with high triglyceride levels, or people with diabetes who have lower LDL cholesterol levels. (reference.com)
  • Reducing the intake of certain types of fats is the best way to improve cholesterol levels, according to WebMD. (reference.com)
  • Your doctor may prescribe nicotinic acid to improve your total blood lipid profile, meaning it can affect both forms of cholesterol and your triglyceride levels. (livestrong.com)
  • Niacin is especially helpful for patients who have low levels of the beneficial form of cholesterol, called high-density lipoprotein. (livestrong.com)
  • High concentrations of LDL cholesterol are associated with increased plaque formation in the arteries, and it is these plaques that can narrow arteries or rupture and cause heart attacks and strokes and the higher the levels the great the risk. (zocdoc.com)
  • A diet high in soluble fiber, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, and lean meats like fish and poultry can help you lower your LDL levels and prevent dangerous clots from forming in the arteries to your heart or brain. (zocdoc.com)
  • This implies that lowering LDL levels should also reduce adverse cardiovascular events. (medindia.net)
  • A meta-analysis conducted with more than 90,000 participants in 14 randomized statin trials, Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaborators (CTTC) reported that on an average, a reduction of 1 mmol per liter in LDL cholesterol levels cuts the risk of adverse cardiac events by 23% over a period of 5 years. (medindia.net)
  • The results of the study confirmed that combining a non-statin lipid-lowering drug with a statin can have additional benefits in lowering LDL cholesterol levels thereby reducing adverse cardiovascular events. (medindia.net)
  • While the 2013 cholesterol treatment guidelines of the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association do not recommend specific agents to reduce LDL levels, it acknowledges the need to add a non-statin agent when patients do not respond to statin therapy alone. (medindia.net)
  • So, in the case of HDL cholesterol, higher levels are actually better. (heart.org)
  • Studies show that low levels of HDL cholesterol increase the risk of heart disease. (heart.org)
  • Plant sterols and stanols are thought to lower cholesterol levels by blocking absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • It is well known that low levels of HDL and high level of LDL are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. (abcam.com)
  • High cholesterol levels in the blood can cause fatty deposits in blood vessels which cause narrowing and may lead to heart attack , stroke , or peripheral artery disease . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The American Heart Association recommends that blood cholesterol levels should be checked every 5 years after the age of 20. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • If cholesterol levels are high (usually over 200 mg dL), people are often started on medicine to reduce the cholesterol and are usually advised to begin a low-cholesterol diet. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Then the cholesterol levels are usually checked about every three months to see if the levels normalize. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • A person can control lifestyle options to maximize their potential to control high cholesterol levels with a healthy diet, exercise , weight control, and avoiding or quitting smoking . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Blood tests are used to measure cholesterol levels as part of routine screening for risk factors for heart disease and stroke. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The main goal of a treatment program is to lower total cholesterol levels, LDL ('bad') cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • With high levels of good cholesterol reducing our risk of heart disease and an increase in the bad cholesterol doing quite the opposite. (gnet.org)
  • If our livers are not functioning properly or our diet contains a lot of the wrong sorts of food then high levels of cholesterol can be a problem. (gnet.org)
  • Women are more likely to have high cholesterol, but the higher levels of oestrogen also mean that they have elevated levels of HDL. (gnet.org)
  • A diet that is high in saturated fat can cause cholesterol levels to rise. (gnet.org)
  • A simple blood test can determine the levels of good and bad cholesterol in your blood. (gnet.org)
  • The control group showed an almost 3-fold increase in serum cholesterol levels due to the atherogenic diet but no effect was seen for triglyceride levels. (springer.com)
  • Stanol ester alone or together with sesamin significantly attenuated the elevation of the cholesterol levels. (springer.com)
  • In particular, the identification of dietary components that can be added to foods to lower or regulate cholesterol levels has gained special interest. (springer.com)
  • This model aims to reproduce homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and it is characterized by decreased removal of cholesterol from the circulation due the lack of functional LDL receptors [ 5 ] that leads to increased serum cholesterol levels. (springer.com)
  • Whether you've heard it from countless commercials or your own physician, you know that high levels of LDL cholesterol can increase your risks of heart disease . (nutralegacy.com)
  • According to the studies, the benefits of niacin also include increasing levels of HDL , also known as good cholesterol, and providing results superior to those of some prescriptions. (nutralegacy.com)
  • Niacin has been shown to reduce LDL cholesterol levels by up to 30% and that's for a standard dose. (nutralegacy.com)
  • In comparison, Crestor and Lipitor reduced LDL levels by 30% when taken at the standard dosage. (nutralegacy.com)
  • Many of the prescription medications have fewer effects on HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels but pose some serious complications in some patients. (nutralegacy.com)
  • People who need to drop their LDL levels greatly should consider choosing niacin or one of the prescription medications on the market, as well as taking lifestyle changes that can also help. (nutralegacy.com)
  • Losing weight and increasing exercise can have positive effects on your total cholesterol levels but these changes take time. (nutralegacy.com)
  • Moreover, the diet reduced levels of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) cholesterol in the blood, which is also considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). (berkeleywellness.com)
  • A new form of broccoli rich in beneficial compounds known as glucosinolates has shown impressive results in two clinical trials in humans in lowering LDL cholesterol levels . (doctormurray.com)
  • There probably are some people who have very mild abnormalities in cholesterol who could get by with a sterol supplement alone, but people with higher cholesterol levels will need medication, too. (medindia.net)
  • High cholesterol levels or hypercholesterolemia in blood can pose a threat to life. (medindia.net)
  • It can be used alone or in combination with a statin for the reduction of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. (aafp.org)
  • In two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials 4 , 8 with 650 patients with hypercholesterolemia, colesevelam alone lowered LDL cholesterol levels in a dose-dependent manner over six to 24 weeks, with a median LDL cholesterol reduction of 20 percent at a daily dose of 4.5 g. (aafp.org)
  • The mean total cholesterol levels also decreased compared with placebo in a dose-dependent manner by 10 percent from baseline with 4.5 g of colesevelam daily. (aafp.org)
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels increased by 3 percent over baseline. (aafp.org)
  • Will taking steps early in life to keep LDL low have a greater benefit than waiting until it reaches high and sustained levels to take action? (empowher.com)
  • PCSK9 is involved in regulating LDL levels. (empowher.com)
  • Mutations in this gene keep LDL levels low from birth onward. (empowher.com)
  • People who carry one of these mutations provide a sneak peak at the lifelong effect of a low LDL levels on CHD risk. (empowher.com)
  • Their findings, reported in the March 23, 2006 New England Journal of Medicine, showed that in people with a certain PCSK9 mutation, both LDL levels and CHD risk were significantly lower than in people without this mutation. (empowher.com)
  • The researchers compared LDL levels and CHD risk between the two groups. (empowher.com)
  • As the researchers explain, "lifelong reduction of LDL levels confers greater benefit than does a similar reduction instituted later in life. (empowher.com)
  • Male sex, hypertension, statin use, low total cholesterol and low LDL levels, current smoking, elevated glucose, and higher admission NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were all associated with a greater risk of sHT, they found. (lww.com)
  • Dr. Smith noted that the findings "are especially interesting" in light of the recent Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) trial, in which statin therapy was associated with an increase in hemorrhagic strokes in ischemic stroke and TIA patients ( N Engl J Med 2006;355:549-559). (lww.com)
  • Very low LDL cholesterol levels did not have a negative impact on cognition, reaction time or memory. (disabled-world.com)
  • Additionally, researchers explored whether ultra-low LDL cholesterol levels would have any negative impact. (disabled-world.com)
  • Using data from the FOURIER trial (Further Cardiovascular OUtcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in subjects with Elevated Risk), which found that patients treated with evolocumab and statin therapy had a 20 percent reduction in the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke, researchers examined the efficacy and safety of very low levels of LDL cholesterol among 25,982 patients per the degree of LDL-C reduction following one month of treatment. (disabled-world.com)
  • The risk for cardiovascular events (including cardiovascular death, heart attack, and stroke) over 2.2 years progressively declined as LDL cholesterol levels decreased to below 20 mg/dL (0.5 mmol/L). (disabled-world.com)
  • Giugliano and colleagues report no significant association between LDL-C level and prespecified adverse events, and in sub analyses Giugliano and his colleagues found that very low LDL cholesterol levels did not have a negative impact on cognition, reaction time or memory. (disabled-world.com)
  • As they explained, these decreased levels of HDL cholesterol are especially relevant clinically for those at high cardiometabolic risk, and this may justify aggressively treating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels as well. (ajmc.com)
  • When PCSK9 inhibitors burst on the scene, the focus was on dramatically reduced levels of LDL cholesterol-up to 60% in clinical trials. (ajmc.com)
  • The potential to reduce LDL cholesterol to levels never imagined in at-risk patients brought with it the need for more accurate tests, and in September, Quest Diagnostics, the major testing company, announced it would be adopting a test developed at Johns Hopkins University to replace an older method, known as the Friedewald calculation. (ajmc.com)
  • 9 According to Brinton, the Friedewald method is simply not accurate once LDL cholesterol reaches the levels achieved with PCSK9 inhibitors. (ajmc.com)
  • Their new research suggests that "LDL cholesterol levels [also] play a causal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease," said lead researcher Dr. Thomas Wingo. (healthday.com)
  • The big question is whether there is a causal link between cholesterol levels in the blood and Alzheimer's disease risk," Wingo said. (healthday.com)
  • The APOE genetic mutation, called APOE E4, raises levels of LDL cholesterol. (healthday.com)
  • High levels of this type of cholesterol can clog arteries, increasing the risk for heart attack and stroke. (healthday.com)
  • In addition, more than 260 participants had their cholesterol levels checked. (healthday.com)
  • Wingo's team also found that participants with high LDL cholesterol levels were at a greater risk for early-onset Alzheimer's, compared with those with lower LDL levels. (healthday.com)
  • LDL cholesterol levels remained salient even after taking APOE mutations into account. (healthday.com)
  • Thus, cholesterol may be an independent risk factor for early-onset Alzheimer's, Wingo said, though the study did not prove that high LDL cholesterol levels caused early-onset Alzheimer's. (healthday.com)
  • If there is a causal link between Alzheimer's disease and cholesterol, we might need to revise targets for LDL cholesterol levels to help reduce Alzheimer's risk," he said. (healthday.com)
  • Unhealthy cholesterol levels (too much of the 'bad' fats in your blood) increase your risk of heart disease by clogging and damaging your arteries. (sharecare.com)
  • If you have unhealthy cholesterol levels (or want to prevent them), one of the first things you should examine is your diet and the combination of foods you eat. (sharecare.com)
  • Are you eating foods that help reduce cholesterol and avoiding the ones that cause unhealthy cholesterol levels to creep higher? (sharecare.com)
  • The risk of cardiovascular disease has been reported to have a linear relationship with LDL levels. (hindawi.com)
  • Previous attempts to maximally lower the LDL levels with statin monotherapy have met dejection due to the increased side effects associated with the treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, various studies aiming to lower the CV risk and mortality by lowering LDL levels have demonstrated encouraging results. (hindawi.com)
  • The current challenge is to explore this arena to redefine the target LDL levels, if required, to avoid any suboptimal treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, increased LDL levels are found to be positively correlated with the increased CV risk. (hindawi.com)
  • It has been found that not only elevated levels of LDL lead to coronary heart disease, but changes in composition can also result in the same. (hindawi.com)
  • The main objective was to evaluate the effect of the daily intake of a SANE with a higher concentration of bioactive compounds, SAC and alliin, and minor unwanted compounds such as simple sugars and furfural derivatives, in combination with dietary recommendations, on LDL-c levels in individuals with moderate hypercholesterolemia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • There is still a large unmet need among patients with high cardiovascular risk and elevated cholesterol who are unable to reach optimal LDL cholesterol levels with current therapies,' said Sean E. Harper, M.D., executive vice president of Research and Development at Amgen. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • PHILADELPHIA -LDL cholesterol can be reduced to even more beneficial levels than ever before by use of a number of medications, including PCSK9 inhibitors, according to a presenter at the Heart in Diabetes CME Conference. (healio.com)
  • LDL cholesterol can be reduced to even more beneficial levels than ever before by use of a number of medications, including PCSK9 inhibitors. (healio.com)
  • PARIS - A small interfering RNA drug, inclisiran, safely halved LDL cholesterol levels in more than 800 patients in a phase 3, multicenter study, in a big step toward this drug coming onto the market and offering an alternative way to harness the potent cholesterol-lowering power of PCSK9 inhibition. (natap.org)
  • Results: Mean difference of measured and calculated LDL-C was found to be -0.25, 6.63 and 46.55 mg/dl at triglyceride levels 400 mg/dl and certain type of hyperlipidemias. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • The trick is to find the foods that will maintain proper LDL and HDL levels, while still appealing to your taste buds. (hubpages.com)
  • When LDL levels are high they begin to accumulate plaque within the arteries. (hubpages.com)
  • In the case of HDL, high levels in the blood are a good thing as they tend to lower cholesterol related health risks. (hubpages.com)
  • Keeping HDL levels high are thought to be just as important as keeping your LDL levels low for the prevention of heart disease and other cholesterol related health risks. (hubpages.com)
  • Green tea is also known to lower LDL levels and tastes good too. (hubpages.com)
  • Once thought to be a hazard for maintaining proper cholesterol levels, eggs are now known to be a great source of necessary HDL cholesterol. (hubpages.com)
  • Along with lowering LDL levels, soy is also known to raise HDL cholesterol. (hubpages.com)
  • There are many natural cholesterol supplements that have been shown to not only reduce LDL (bad) cholesterol levels but also increase HDL, the good kind that your body needs. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • There are a number of supplements purported to help not only regulate cholesterol levels but also improve heart health and strength. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • Xtend-Life Lipi-Rite is a safe, effective way to balance your cholesterol levels naturally! (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that metformin intake activates AMPK and consequently suppresses FADS, which leads to reduced levels of the three acyl-alkyl PCs and LDL-C. Our findings suggest potential beneficial effects of metformin in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Blood samples to measure cholesterol levels are drawn after you've fasted for nine to 12 hours. (drweil.com)
  • Results reveal total cholesterol as well as levels of LDL and HDL (the "bad" and "good" subtypes). (drweil.com)
  • Before menopause, women tend to have lower levels than men of the same age, but after menopause, women's LDL levels often increase. (drweil.com)
  • I will show you How to lower LDL Cholesterol {Bad Cholesterol} Levels Naturally with Exercise and Foods. (exercisegoals.com)
  • Dieting and weight loss are the principal means of lowering the LDL levels of your blood. (exercisegoals.com)
  • When you eat the right kinds of foods, you provide your body with the right kinds of nutrients, avoiding foods that increase LDL cholesterol levels such foods with a high degree of saturated fats as is common in most fast foods. (exercisegoals.com)
  • Dietary supplements like garlic, and flax seed concentrates have been known to have a reducing effect on cholesterol levels of the body. (exercisegoals.com)
  • Eating more fish, vegetables and fruits have been shown to reduce the bad cholesterol levels. (exercisegoals.com)
  • Engaging in regular exercise has been shown to have a lowering effect on LDL levels of the body. (exercisegoals.com)
  • Moderate consumption of alcohol has been shown to be beneficial in the reduction of LDL cholesterol levels in the body. (exercisegoals.com)
  • They found that in most studies there was an inverse relationship between LDL cholesterol levels and mortality for those over 60, and the authors concluded that 'our study provides the rationale for a re-evaluation of guidelines recommending pharmacological reduction of LDL-C in the elderly as a component of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
  • What we found in our detailed systematic review was that older people with high LDL (low-density lipoprotein) levels, the so-called "bad" cholesterol, lived longer and had less heart disease. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
  • A new analysis of prior research suggests that higher levels of so-called bad LDL cholesterol is associated with longer life for older people. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • In theory, people with high levels of bad LDL cholesterol should have been at increased risk for deaths from heart attacks and strokes. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • The volunteers' total cholesterol levels were measured when they were middle-aged and again in the early 1990s, when they were elderly. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • To their surprise, the men with the lowest cholesterol levels had the highest risk of dying over the next several years. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • Those with cholesterol levels between 188 and 209 fared the best. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • Having high levels of LDL cholesterol, also known as "bad" cholesterol, can place you at risk of developing heart disease if it is left untreated. (verywellhealth.com)
  • The good news is that, unlike other risk factors, you may be able to prevent high LDL levels or lower your LDL levels if they are already high. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Although many cholesterol medications can lower LDL levels to varying degrees, your healthcare provider may want to use therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) to see how low your LDL can go before medication is needed. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Being overweight or obese not only places you at risk for developing high LDL levels, it can also contribute to heart disease and other chronic medical conditions. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Research hints that losing even a small amount of weight may help lower your LDL levels. (verywellhealth.com)
  • More long-term studies are needed in order to determine whether or not it is the actual loss of weight or the diet and exercise that go along with it that causes the reduction in LDL levels. (verywellhealth.com)
  • It is also possible that LDL cholesterol can eventually return to original levels, even when weight loss is maintained. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Exercise is not only good for losing weight, but moderate amounts of it may also help lower your cholesterol levels-especially your LDL cholesterol. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Other forms of exercise, such as yoga, walking, and weight-bearing exercises, have also been shown to modestly decrease LDL levels. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Smoking cessation not only has a large impact on levels of HDL, or "good" cholesterol, it can also slightly lower LDL levels. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Research has shown that cholesterol levels will decrease as soon as you stop smoking. (verywellhealth.com)
  • With each month after quitting, LDL levels continue to lower, even partially reversing the effects of smoking on cholesterol after just 90 days. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Although moderate consumption of alcohol can significantly raise HDL levels, it can also lower LDL, according to studies. (verywellhealth.com)
  • With a few simple lifestyle changes, your LDL cholesterol levels can become lower. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Depending on your current cholesterol levels, however, these steps may not be enough. (verywellhealth.com)
  • Generally you can't pick a single reason why cholesterol levels rise or fall. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • If high cholesterol runs in family, it is likely to be a major contributor to the sensitivity of changes in levels of cholesterol. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • Lifestyle habits like eating unhealthy, excessive drinking, smoking, and inactivity can raise cholesterol levels. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • There are no known symptoms to identify high cholesterol levels. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • Such report shows person's cholesterol levels in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) of blood. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • As a general rule, higher levels of cholesterol mean higher risk of coronary heart disease. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • For this reason, obviously, higher HDL cholesterol levels are desirable. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • Obviously, lower LDL cholesterol levels are desirable. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
Coronary15
  • If you have familial hypercholesterolaemia, treatment will be directed at lowering your cholesterol and reducing your risk of coronary artery disease and stroke. (mydr.com.au)
  • But having too much cholesterol in your blood raises your risk of coronary artery disease . (medlineplus.gov)
  • How can a high LDL level raise my risk of coronary artery disease and other diseases? (medlineplus.gov)
  • In addition, studies show that lowering LDL cholesterol reduces risk for coronary heart disease. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • 3 Large, well-designed, placebo-controlled studies have shown that lowering LDL cholesterol level reduces coronary heart disease events. (uspharmacist.com)
  • The Lipid Treatment Assessment Process (L-TAP), a multicenter survey evaluating the number of patients on lipid-lowering therapy who have reached their LDL cholesterol goals, showed that 38% of patients achieved the targets specified by NCEP for LDL cholesterol, but only 18% of those with coronary heart disease met their goal. (uspharmacist.com)
  • That's the cholesterol that can build up in your arteries and the arteries in your heart, the coronary arteries in your brain and also throughout your body and build a plaque which is AstroSclerosis. (sharecare.com)
  • Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol values are used for determining the risk factors for coronary heart disease. (reference.com)
  • An LDL around 70 mg/dL corresponds to a total cholesterol reading of about 150, the level below which no deaths from coronary heart disease were reported in the famous Framingham Heart Study, a generations-long project to identify risk factors for heart disease. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • If you have diabetes, family history of coronary disease or smoke, you may need treatment for high cholesterol, says Thomas Lambert, MD, a cardiologist at MountainView Hospital. (sharecare.com)
  • Deranged LDL metabolism leads to coronary artery disease that is often fatal, especially in patients with diabetes. (hindawi.com)
  • The beneficial effect of reducing LDL cholesterol on slowing the progression of coronary heart disease is overwhelmingly documented today in epidemiologic and randomized controlled studies," explained lead author John Munkhaugen, MD, a cardiology trainee and postdoctoral researcher at Drammen Hospital in Norway. (uspharmacist.com)
  • But a high level of cholesterol in the blood - hypercholesterolemia - is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, which causes heart attacks. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Therefore, the cholesterol in LDL (hereinafter referred to as "LDL-cholesterol) is regarded as a risk factor for arteriosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease (coronary arteriosclerotic disease). (google.com)
  • They go on to challenge the foundation of cholesterol-lowering treatments by questioning the idea that LDL cholesterol causes clogged coronary arteries. (peoplespharmacy.com)
Arteries17
  • It is sometimes called the "bad" cholesterol because a high LDL level leads to a buildup of cholesterol in your arteries. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Since HDL helps to remove LDL from your arteries, if you have less HDL, that can contribute to you having a higher LDL level. (medlineplus.gov)
  • LDL transports cholesterol to the arteries, and when the LDL level is elevated, this cholesterol can accumulate in the blood vessel walls and contribute to the formation of a plaque. (news-medical.net)
  • It is considered to be undesirable and is often call "bad" cholesterol because it deposits excess cholesterol in blood vessel walls and contributes to hardening of the arteries and heart disease. (labcorp.com)
  • LDL causes the build-up of fatty deposits within your arteries, reducing or blocking the flow of blood and oxygen your heart needs. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • It helps keep the LDL type in check by carrying the bad cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body. (mirror.co.uk)
  • Low-density lipoprotein is unhealthy cholesterol that results in clogged arteries, while high-density lipoprotein is healthy cholesterol that pushes LDL ou. (reference.com)
  • HDL cholesterol, the "good" cholesterol helps carry other cholesterol particles from tissues and blood back to the liver, including helping to remove "bad" or LDL cholesterol from plaques in arteries. (zocdoc.com)
  • Experts believe that HDL acts as a scavenger, carrying LDL (bad) cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where the LDL is broken down and passed from the body. (heart.org)
  • An excess of LDL cholesterol causes fatty deposits (or plaques) to build up inside your arteries. (gnet.org)
  • These include approximately 8-10 million patients with an inherited form of high LDL cholesterol known as heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and those with clinical ASCVD, defined as a build-up of plaque in the arteries which can lead to reduced blood flow and a number of conditions including heart attack, stroke, chest pain (stable or unstable angina), transient ischemic attack, revascularization and peripheral artery disease. (news-medical.net)
  • Indeed, LDL is called "bad" cholesterol because it's the vehicle by which cholesterol is deposited into our arteries. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • Excess cholesterol found in these particles sticks to artery walls, spurring the growth of plaque, which hardens and clogs arteries, and limits the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart, brain, and other tissues. (empowher.com)
  • When a person has too much LDL cholesterol circulating in the blood, it can slowly build up within the walls of the arteries feeding the heart and brain. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Medical experts think HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed from the body. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • In fact, there's good reason to question the reigning " lipid hypothesis ", which posits that dietary cholesterol clogs the arteries and leads to heart disease. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • LDL (bad) cholesterol builds up in the arteries not from how many omelets you eat, but in response to inflammation. (marksdailyapple.com)
Stands for low-density lip3
  • This stands for low-density lipoprotein but put simply, it's the 'bad' cholesterol we're always hearing about. (mirror.co.uk)
  • LDL stands for low density lipoprotein and is considered bad cholesterol. (healthcentral.com)
  • LDL stands for low-density lipoprotein and is only one of the five major lipoprotein groups. (hubpages.com)
Mmol7
  • The LDL-cholesterol in mg/dL (LBDLDL) was converted to mmol/L (LBDLDLSI) by multiplying by 0.02586. (cdc.gov)
  • Results- After a median follow-up of 5.3 years, the achieved LDL cholesterol was 66 (1.69 mmol/L) and 96 mg/dL (2.46 mmol/L) on average, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • The randomized crossover study included 32 participants who had high cholesterol, were aged 21 to 79 years, had a fasting LCL-C level between 3.4 and 5.7 mmol/L, and were in good general health. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • Participants who achieved an LDL-C of less than 10 mg/dL (0.26 mmol/L) had a more than 40 percent lower risk of cardiovascular events than those with an LDL cholesterol equal to or greater than 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L). (disabled-world.com)
  • Among high-risk patients, achieving a LDL cholesterol level far below the most common treatment target of 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) can further reduce the risk for an adverse cardiovascular event, with no major safety concerns," said Robert P. Giugliano, MD, a senior investigator in the TIMI Study Group at Brigham and Women's Hospital and a cardiovascular physician who presented the data at ESC. (disabled-world.com)
  • Reducing LDL cholesterol concentration by 1 mmol/L for about 5 years is consistently associated with a 23%-25% lowered risk of major cardiovascular events, with statin and nonstatin therapies alike, irrespective of baseline LDL cholesterol concentration. (ajmc.com)
  • Results indicate that 57% of patients were not meeting the European guideline LDL target of 1.8 mmol/L at follow-up. (uspharmacist.com)
Cardiovascular26
  • Gone are the recommended LDL- and non-HDL-cholesterol targets, specifically those that ask physicians to treat patients with cardiovascular disease to less than 100 mg/dL or the optional goal of less than 70 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
  • As a result, the new guidelines make no recommendations for specific LDL-cholesterol or non-HDL targets for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease . (medscape.com)
  • Dr Donald Lloyd-Jones (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine), the cochair of the guidelines on the assessment of cardiovascular risk , which were also released today along with guidelines for the management and treatment of obesity and guidelines for lifestyle management, said the evidence for treating to target simply isn't there, but that doesn't mean repeated measurements of LDL cholesterol won't be needed. (medscape.com)
  • Another study by the same group published in BMJ Open in 2016 reviewed previous research studies covering almost 70,000 people and reported no association between elevated LDL and premature death from cardiovascular disease among people older than 60. (news-medical.net)
  • Lowering cholesterol with medications for primary cardiovascular prevention in those aged over 60 is a total waste of time and resources, whereas altering your lifestyle is the single most important way to achieve a good quality of life. (news-medical.net)
  • In that study, a 1% reduction in LDL cholesterol translated to a 1% reduction in cardiovascular mortality, the authors said. (medpagetoday.com)
  • Cardiovascular specialist Merle Myerson, MD, explains the definition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. (sharecare.com)
  • Healthy cholesterol helps prevent cardiovascular disease. (sharecare.com)
  • High LDL cholesterol is the main contributor to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. (rttnews.com)
  • The LDL (low-density lipoprotein) hypothesis postulates that excess LDL cholesterol causes atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. (medindia.net)
  • IMPROVE-IT does not specifically prove unique benefits of ezetimibe, rather it suggests that reduction in LDL cholesterol by any mechanism is useful to prevent adverse cardiovascular events. (medindia.net)
  • Cardiovascular disease) then your doctor may be looking for you to reduce your LDL level to 70 or lower. (gnet.org)
  • Praluent is indicated as an adjunct to diet and maximally tolerated statin therapy for the treatment of adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia or clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) who require additional lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. (news-medical.net)
  • Given the previous results from the FOURIER trial and the findings from this new analysis, patients - particularly those at a high risk for future cardiovascular events - should review their LDL cholesterol with their physicians and discuss whether it could be beneficial to lower that level beyond what they have achieved with diet, lifestyle modifications and statin therapy," said Giugliano. (disabled-world.com)
  • The drug, which costs approximately $14,000 annually, was approved for use in the United States in 2016 as an addition to statin therapy and lifestyle changes for lowering LDL cholesterol in some adults with cardiovascular disease. (disabled-world.com)
  • While such a change may seem small at plain sight, the researchers noted that "for each 1 mg reduction in LDL cholesterol, there is a concomitant 1% reduction in overall future cardiovascular disease risk. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
  • Interestingly, most physicians prefer treating to an LDL goal and consider 70 mg/dl to be an appropriate target goal for people at the highest risk for cardiovascular disease [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • PROFICIO, which stands for the Program to Reduce LDL-C and Cardiovascular Outcomes Following Inhibition of PCSK9 In Different POpulations, is a large and comprehensive clinical trial program evaluating evolocumab in 22 clinical trials, with a combined planned enrollment of approximately 35,000 patients. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • The study is an analysis of the NORwegian COR (NOR-COR) prevention project, which is investigating why patients fail to control risk factors including lipids and blood pressure after they have a cardiovascular event, and is focused on why LDL cholesterol targets aren't achieve in these patients. (uspharmacist.com)
  • LDL cholesterol is what is popularly known as 'bad cholesterol' and is chiefly associated with cardiovascular disease. (exercisegoals.com)
  • Also in the Telegraph , another author of the study, Professor Sherif Sultan from the National University of Ireland, said: 'Lowering cholesterol with medications for primary cardiovascular prevention in those aged over 60 is a total waste of time and resources, whereas altering your lifestyle is the single most important way to achieve a good quality of life. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
  • The investigators reviewed epidemiological studies in which bad LDL cholesterol ( LDL-C ) had been studied as a risk factor for cardiovascular deaths or mortality for any reason ( BMJ Open, June 12, 2016 ). (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • Moreover, our study provides the rationale for a re-evaluation of guidelines recommending pharmacological reduction of LDL-C in the elderly as a component of cardiovascular disease prevention strategies. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • Aerobic exercises, such as running, cycling, jogging, and swimming, appear to benefit cholesterol the most by lowering LDL and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, according to studies. (verywellhealth.com)
  • To improve the health of your heart and your overall cardiovascular system it's important to take action immediately if you have been diagnosed with a high amount of LDL and low HDL. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • In fact, some studies show that a substance known as C-reactive protein (CRP), one of the so-called markers released by cells during the inflammation process, may be more effective than cholesterol in assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease and heart attacks. (juvenon.com)
Lowers6
  • Cigarette smoking lowers your HDL cholesterol. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Since we already know that HDL lowers LDL then this is a great but indirect way of reducing your LDL cholesterol. (infobarrel.com)
  • Zunft HJ, Lueder W, Harde A, Haber B, Graubaum HJ, Koebnick C, Gruenwald J (2003) Carob pulp preparation rich in insoluble fibre lowers total and LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic patients. (springer.com)
  • Furthermore, sevelamer hydrochloride lowers LDL cholesterol without affecting HDL cholesterol. (nih.gov)
  • Unlike other fats, trans fat --- also called trans-fatty acids --- both raises your "bad" (LDL) cholesterol and lowers your "good" (HDL) cholesterol. (bewellbuzz.com)
  • Fiber prevents colon cancer and lowers LDL cholesterol in the blood, which prevents heart attacks. (nethealthbook.com)
Reduction of LDL Cholesterol1
  • By the end of the study, the Pantesin group experienced an average 4 mg/dL reduction of LDL cholesterol compared to the placebo group. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
Serum7
  • The distribution of serum LDL-cholesterol should be estimated only on examinees aged 12 and above who fasted at least 8.5 hours or more but less than 24 hours in the morning session. (cdc.gov)
  • Green tea beverages or extracts resulted in significant reductions in serum TC and LDL-cholesterol concentrations. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Abcam's Cholesterol Assay Kit (ab65390) provides a simple quantification method of HDL and LDL/VLDL after a convenient separation of HDL from LDL and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) in serum samples. (abcam.com)
  • Serum HDL (top) and LDL/VLDL cholesterol (bottom) from 5-7 mice/group was measured using ab65390 following protocol instructions. (abcam.com)
  • The effect of pure sesamin epimer on serum lipids was studied in hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor-knockout mice under cholesterol fed condition. (springer.com)
  • Simultaneous lowering of serum phosphate and LDL-cholesterol by sevelamer hydrochloride (RenaGel) in dialysis patients. (nih.gov)
  • Our data accord with previous findings of increased mortality in elderly people with low serum cholesterol, and show that long-term persistence of low cholesterol concentration actually increases the risk of death. (peoplespharmacy.com)
Good cholesterol22
  • It is sometimes called the "good" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to your liver. (medlineplus.gov)
  • good cholesterol was 106 (hdl ) and 133 (ldl) which the doc. (medhelp.org)
  • HDL (high-density lipoprotein), or "good" cholesterol, absorbs cholesterol and carries it back to the liver. (cdc.gov)
  • There are two types of lipoprotein: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is sometimes called 'bad' cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), also referred to as 'good cholesterol. (news-medical.net)
  • It is generally considered that the higher the level of this good cholesterol, the lower the risk is for heart disease, vascular disease, and stroke. (news-medical.net)
  • That's the "good cholesterol. (webmd.com)
  • The two main types of cholesterol are high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or "good" cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or "bad" cholesterol. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • HDL or good cholesterol can move LDL cholesterol from the blood to the liver, which breaks it down for disposal as waste. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • HDL cholesterol is referred to as good cholesterol because it reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio can help a person know if they are consuming enough good cholesterol and to limit sources of bad cholesterol. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Your HDL ("good") cholesterol should be at least 35 mg/dL, and preferably higher. (healthline.com)
  • HDL stands for high density lipoprotein and is considered good cholesterol. (healthcentral.com)
  • HDL cholesterol can be thought of as the "good" cholesterol. (heart.org)
  • A high triglyceride level combined with high LDL (bad) cholesterol or low HDL (good) cholesterol is linked with fatty buildups within the artery walls, which increases the risk of heart attack and stroke. (heart.org)
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is called the 'good' cholesterol because it absorbs LDL 'bad' cholesterol and carries it back to the liver, which helps remove it from your body. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • It is also worth learning more about cholesterol as the good cholesterol is not always good for us . (gnet.org)
  • Good Cholesterol Not So Good? (berkeleywellness.com)
  • When along with physical exercise and a balanced diet, Resterol helps to each lessen your LDL (bad cholesterol) and raise your HDL (good cholesterol). (brooklynsfinestthemovie.com)
  • No link was found between Alzheimer's and HDL ("good") cholesterol. (healthday.com)
  • It has been shown conclusively to not only lower LDL (bad) cholesterol, but also raise HDL (good) cholesterol. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • 4. Raise your good cholesterol! (marksdailyapple.com)
  • We tend to focus on the negative, but it's equally important to raise your good cholesterol. (marksdailyapple.com)
Reductions4
  • And in these four patient groups, the new guidelines make recommendations regarding the appropriate "intensity" of statin therapy in order to achieve relative reductions in LDL cholesterol . (medscape.com)
  • Intensive treatment produced greater reductions in both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and C-reactive protein (CRP), suggesting a relationship between these two biomarkers and disease progression. (nih.gov)
  • Patients with reductions in both LDL cholesterol and CRP that were greater than the median had significantly slower rates of progression than patients with reductions in both biomarkers that were less than the median (P=0.001). (nih.gov)
  • As the latest study noted, its findings provide "new evidence for an important role of avocado bioactives (in addition to the beneficial effects of their fatty acid profile) in affecting the atherogenicity of LDL, which may confer additional benefits to CVD risk control beyond the LDL cholesterol reductions. (berkeleywellness.com)
Diet29
  • Examples of eating plans that can lower your cholesterol include the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet and the DASH eating plan . (medlineplus.gov)
  • People can reduce their blood cholesterol with a healthful diet, exercise, and medication. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A diet high in LDL cholesterol may hinder the therapeutic efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients. (sciencemag.org)
  • By simply changing your diet around a bit you can also further cut your LDL cholesterol. (infobarrel.com)
  • The liver produces about 80% of the body's cholesterol, while the rest comes from our diet . (medicinenet.com)
  • Your body uses it to create cells, hormones, and vitamin D. Your liver creates all the cholesterol you need from fats in your diet. (healthline.com)
  • Try to reduce the amount of saturated fats in your diet, which your body coverts into cholesterol. (healthline.com)
  • The first word on the subject of lowering LDL cholesterol is diet. (articleinsider.com)
  • The study showed that patients who received a bypass in the part of the colon called the ileum where cholesterol is absorbed, along with diet instructions, lived one year longer than their counterpart who received diet instruction alone. (emaxhealth.com)
  • Get tips to lower high cholesterol with diet, exercise and medication, to protect your heart and reduce your stroke risk. (sharecare.com)
  • Cholesterol can be lowered by a variety of means which traditionally begins with therapeutic lifestyle changes (diet, weight loss, exercise) followed by drug therapy . (healthcentral.com)
  • Diet alone may be able to lower total cholesterol and LDL (bad) cholesterol from 7-30% depending on how restrictive the dietary plan. (healthcentral.com)
  • What type of diet is recommended to restore the LDL level to normal values? (reference.com)
  • A fruit-enriched hypocaloric diet appears to be more effective against oxidative stress and lowering LDL cholesterol than a fruit free one. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Chen, C-W and Cheng, H-H. A rice bran oil diet increases LDL-receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expressions and insulin sensitivity in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes. (randox.com)
  • The most common causes of high cholesterol are all related and include a high fat diet , inactivity, and obesity . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Unfortunately, our diet isn't the only contributing factor to high LDL. (gnet.org)
  • Sesamin alone did not affect the elevation of the diet-induced cholesterol level and it did not enhance the effect of stanol ester. (springer.com)
  • Previous research at Penn State demonstrated that avocados can lower LDL cholesterol, especially small, dense LDL, as part of a moderate-fat, cholesterol-lowering diet. (berkeleywellness.com)
  • In the first study consisting of 37 subjects, the Beneforté broccoli diet reduced plasma LDL cholesterol by 7.1 percent, whereas standard broccoli reduced LDL by only 1.8 percent. (doctormurray.com)
  • In the second study there with 93 subjects, the Beneforté broccoli diet resulted in a reduction of 5.1 percent, whereas standard broccoli reduced LDL by 2.5 percent. (doctormurray.com)
  • Diet rich in high glucoraphanin broccoli reduces plasma LDL cholesterol: Evidence from randomised controlled trials. (doctormurray.com)
  • The study samples were patients already on a heart-healthy diet and taking statin drugs to control cholesterol. (medindia.net)
  • The good news is that many of the factors that affect cholesterol, such as your diet, are within your control. (sharecare.com)
  • It seems that through all the vicissitudes of diet fads, cholesterol has always been the outcast. (bewellbuzz.com)
  • One of the most effective strategies for lowering LDL cholesterol is adopting an anti-inflammatory diet. (drweil.com)
  • The Best way to lower high cholesterol naturally is by diet and exercise. (exercisegoals.com)
  • If you've been living on a diet of starchy carbohydrates, this switch will help lower your cholesterol. (marksdailyapple.com)
  • for some high cholesterol diet can increase their LDL and total cholesterol level much more significantly compared to others. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
Receptors9
  • PCSK9 inhibitors are an injectable drug that blocks the receptors that pull LDL out of blood. (healthcentral.com)
  • PCSK9 inhibitors, which allow receptors to pull LDL from blood, include evolocumab and alirocumab. (healthcentral.com)
  • As bile acids decrease, the liver generates more LDL receptors. (healthcentral.com)
  • That's good because the receptors latch onto LDL and pull it out of the bloodstream. (healthcentral.com)
  • Specific LDL receptors exist to facilitate the elimination of LDL from plasma by liver parenchymal cells. (randox.com)
  • Evolocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9).1 PCSK9 is a protein that targets LDL receptors for degradation and thereby reduces the liver's ability to remove LDL-C, or 'bad' cholesterol, from the blood.10 Evolocumab, being developed by Amgen scientists, is designed to bind to PCSK9 and inhibit PCSK9 from binding to LDL receptors on the liver surface. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • In the case of inclisiran, the target is the mRNA for the PCSK9 enzyme produced in hepatocytes, and that decreases the number of LDL cholesterol receptors on the cell's surface. (natap.org)
  • This cuts the cell's production of the PCSK9 protein, resulting in more LDL cholesterol receptors on the cell's surface that pull more LDL cholesterol from the blood. (natap.org)
  • Cholesterol is thought to bind to cys loop receptors and allosterically modulate their gating. (wikipedia.org)
Level46
  • If you have a high LDL level, this means that you have too much LDL cholesterol in your blood. (medlineplus.gov)
  • How do I know what my LDL level is? (medlineplus.gov)
  • What can affect my LDL level? (medlineplus.gov)
  • Certain medicines, including steroids , some blood pressure medicines , and HIV/AIDS medicines , can raise your LDL level. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Diseases such as chronic kidney disease , diabetes , and HIV/AIDS can cause a higher LDL level. (medlineplus.gov)
  • What should my LDL level be? (medlineplus.gov)
  • How can I lower my LDL level? (medlineplus.gov)
  • My LDL level is 132 and cholesterol is 210 and HDL is 63. (medhelp.org)
  • In secondary prevention, what if your patient is on high-intensity statin therapy and gets an LDL-cholesterol level of 78 [mg/dL] and is adhering to an excellent lifestyle? (medscape.com)
  • There have been no clinical trials in which they've taken an approach where they've titrated medication dosing to achieve a certain LDL level," said Lloyd-Jones. (medscape.com)
  • Is it possible that a person have high LDL and Low HDL despite of normal cholesterol level? (medhelp.org)
  • A high LDL level is associated with an increased risk for heart disease and stroke. (news-medical.net)
  • More than one-third of the US population has an elevated LDL level. (news-medical.net)
  • In rare cases, people have a very high LDL level as the result of an inheritable genetic disease called hypercholesterolemia that reduces the liver's ability to clear excess cholesterol. (news-medical.net)
  • The very high LDL level can lead to heart attack and stroke among younger individuals, meaning medication may be required to prevent or treat atherosclerotic heart disease at an earlier age. (news-medical.net)
  • You do this to lower your LDL level. (webmd.com)
  • It can be measured by dividing the total cholesterol by the HDL level. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It is extremely important for everyone -- men and women of every age, with or without known heart disease - to have a low LDL cholesterol level. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • The optimal guideline level of LDL cholesterol is less than 100 mg/dl. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • To break down that number, your acceptable level of LDL ("bad") cholesterol should be less than 160 mg/dl, 130 mg/dL, or 100 mg/dl. (healthline.com)
  • Now researchers say keeping your LDL or bad cholesterol level lower definitely leads to a longer lifespan, supporting multiple journal studies and found in what the scientist say is the only randomized controlled trial that lowering LDL cholesterol can help people live longer. (emaxhealth.com)
  • On the other hand, women, high-risk younger patients, and patients with fewer outpatient visits associated with dyslipidemia and cholesterol lab testing had a much lower level of compliance. (uspharmacist.com)
  • 8 Additionally, a retrospective review of 600 patients followed by cardiologists at a heart clinic revealed that only about 76% of patients achieved the recommended LDL cholesterol level of less than 100 mg/dL. (uspharmacist.com)
  • The duration and level of exercise also parallel improvement in all aspects of cholesterol profile. (healthcentral.com)
  • The follow-up lasted a median of 5.3 years in French patients (similar to the median follow-up time in the SPARCL trial [Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Level]) and 2.0 years in Korean patients. (nih.gov)
  • After 1 year, the mean LDL cholesterol level was 53.2 mg per decilitre in the simvastatin-plus-ezetimibe group and 69.9 mg per decilitre in the simvastatin monotherapy group. (medindia.net)
  • A healthy HDL cholesterol level may protect against heart attack and stroke. (heart.org)
  • Your LDL level should be 100 or lower, however if you have excessive risk factors (eg. (gnet.org)
  • The optimal LDL cholesterol level is probably 50 or 70 mg/dL, and apparently, the lower, the better. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • The population target should therefore be a total cholesterol level under 150 mg/dL. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • Researchers at the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA), and Sungkyunkwan University and Samsung Medical Center, in Seoul, Korea, evaluated the independent effect of statin use and admission cholesterol level on the risk of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (sHT) after recanalization therapy for acute ischemic stroke. (lww.com)
  • One-sixth of all Americans have a total cholesterol level above the recommended 240 mg/dL, which doubles their heart disease risk. (sharecare.com)
  • As we all know, cholesterol is an integral part of the plasma membrane, and a minimum level of LDL needs to be present to maintain structural integrity and sustain normal function of cells. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, at 48 months, those taking alirocumab had an average LDL cholesterol level of 66 mg/dL compared with an average of 103 mg/dL among those taking placebo. (healio.com)
  • For this reason it is very important that your body keeps a higher level of HDL cholesterol. (hubpages.com)
  • A high level of LDL cholesterol reflects an increased risk of heart disease. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Al-though it's not the same as a saturated fatty acid, dietary cholesterol can also raise your blood cholesterol level. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Total blood cholesterol can indicate your level of risk. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Well, when it comes to what you eat, three main factors raise your blood cholesterol level. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • The reduction of these metabolites was also associated with a lowered blood level of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Variations of these three metabolites were significantly associated with 17 genes (including FADS1 and FADS2 ) and controlled by AMPK, a metformin target. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A desirable level of LDL is less than 100 mg/dL. (drweil.com)
  • Getting involved in physical training and regular exercise has been shown to have a reducing effect on the level of LDL cholesterol in the body. (exercisegoals.com)
  • If you are in poor health or have cancer cholesterol level does go down. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
  • Your optimal LDL level depend on your other heart disease risk factors. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • It's necessary to consult your doctor to determine the optimal LDL level for you. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • At the molecular level, cholesterol primarily signals by regulating lipid rafts and raft associated membrane-protein translocation. (wikipedia.org)
PCSK97
  • AMG 145 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits PCSK9, a protein that reduces the liver's ability to remove LDL-C from the blood. (rttnews.com)
  • A newer class of cholesterol lowering drugs known as PCSK9 inhibitors has emerged as an effective treatment for drastically lowering LDL cholesterol beyond current treatment targets. (disabled-world.com)
  • Evolocumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody manufactured by Amgen that works by blocking proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin 9 (PCSK9), a protein that reduces the liver's ability to remove LDL cholesterol from the blood. (disabled-world.com)
  • OVER THE PAST YEAR, new evidence for the cholesterol- fighting class of therapy called proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors has generated discussion about the usefulness of these powerful drugs in diabetes care. (ajmc.com)
  • Next, at the American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions in June, came a pair of results for rival PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab (Praluent, from Sanofi-Regeneron) that showed a 49% LDL cholesterol reduction for patients with T2D and a 32.5% reduction for patients with dyslipidemia. (ajmc.com)
  • Meanwhile, the recent availability of PCSK9 inhibitors has revalidated the discussion on further lowering of LDL and has brought back the age-old question: how low is in fact low enough to bring the CV risk to the minimum? (hindawi.com)
  • The prospect of lowering cholesterol with about the same potency as the monoclonal antibodies that block PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) activity but administered as a biannual injection "enables provider control over medication adherence, and may offer patients a meaningful new choice that is safe and convenient and has assured results," Kausik K. Ray, MD, said at the annual congress of the European Society of Cardiology. (natap.org)
VLDL3
  • Similarly to LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol can also build up inside the walls of blood vessels, which is undesirable. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Chylomicrons (CMs) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) are not detectable, and LDL is virtually absent. (medscape.com)
  • VLDL is later degraded into LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein). (easycalculation.com)
Statin therapy4
  • Stone acknowledged that the old targets might be part of the "mind-set" of physicians but said the new recommendations actually simplify treatment in that doctors won't have to fuss around with additional means to lower LDL cholesterol if the patient has been treated with an appropriate dose of statin therapy. (medscape.com)
  • 7 Findings from a managed care study showed that older individuals, men, and patients compliant with statin therapy were more likely to meet their LDL cholesterol goal. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Ischemic stroke patients with lower LDL cholesterol had a significantly higher risk of sHT after treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), angioplasty, or clot retrieval, independent of concurrent statin therapy or smoking. (lww.com)
  • How Low Should LDL Cholesterol Go with Statin Therapy? (disabled-world.com)
Medications11
  • People with high LDL are advised to make lifestyle changes and to use cholesterol-lowering medications if lifestyle changes alone are insufficient. (news-medical.net)
  • Injectable drugs for people with HoFH People with high LDL may have a history of familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH), which makes them eligible for two injectable medications. (healthcentral.com)
  • Cholesterol-lowering statin medications decrease the risk of heart disease . (medicinenet.com)
  • The type of surgery the patients received is now only available to a few patients at high risk for heart attack and who cannot tolerate cholesterol lowering medications. (emaxhealth.com)
  • Renal failure, for example, has been linked to one of the leading cholesterol medications. (nutralegacy.com)
  • Evolocumab has the potential to provide significant additional benefit when added to existing LDL cholesterol-lowering medications for patients with high cholesterol. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • More women did not reach the LDL-C target as compared to men, particularly in the subgroup treated with lipid-lowering medications. (hindawi.com)
  • Similarly to men, they do not receive medications despite high LDL-C. These gender discrepancies increase with age and diabetes duration, exposing older women to higher CHD risk. (hindawi.com)
  • The ingredients of this special cholesterol supplement have been shown to be much safer than the statin medications prescribed by many doctors. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • Cholesterol lowering medications also come with many possible adverse side effects, some of them fatal. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • As with all health supplements, make sure you consult your physician or other qualified medical professional before taking any cholesterol lowering supplements or statin medications. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
Liver25
  • Your liver makes cholesterol, and it is also in some foods, such as meat and dairy products. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Your liver then removes the cholesterol from your body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • HDL carries cholesterol to the liver, where it is removed from circulation and eliminated from the body. (news-medical.net)
  • The HDL basically pushes the LDL into your liver so that it can be processed and ejected from your body. (infobarrel.com)
  • Cholesterol in the blood originates from dietary intake and liver production. (medicinenet.com)
  • Organ meats such as liver are especially high in cholesterol. (medicinenet.com)
  • Organ meats, such as liver, are especially high in cholesterol content, while foods of plant origin contain no cholesterol. (medicinenet.com)
  • After a meal, dietary cholesterol is absorbed from the intestine and stored in the liver. (medicinenet.com)
  • HDL cholesterol carries cholesterol from other parts of your body back to the liver. (healthline.com)
  • Your liver then processes the cholesterol out of your body. (healthline.com)
  • Heredity also plays a factor since your genes partially determine how much cholesterol your liver makes. (healthline.com)
  • HDL accounts for ~1/3 of all blood circulating cholesterol and serves as a protective mechanism from the development of heart disease by carrying away cholesterol from vessel walls and plaque to the liver for disposal. (healthcentral.com)
  • Less commonly, genetic causes can decrease the ability of the body to metabolize cholesterol or cause the liver to produce too much cholesterol. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Family history and genetic predisposition to high cholesterol, aging (men older than 45 and women older than 55), and diseases that cause the liver to produce more cholesterol or prevent it from metabolizing cholesterol are risk factors for high cholesterol. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • If you have diabetes, high blood pressure, hypothyroidism, kidney disease or liver disease then it is more than likely that your doctor will also assess you for high cholesterol by doing a simple fasting blood test. (gnet.org)
  • Cholesterol is produced by the body (liver) and is essential for normal body functioning. (medindia.net)
  • When newly diagnosed cancer cases were correlated with cholesterol reduction, a disturbing significant correspondence was found, and recently published as, "Effect of the Magnitude of Lipid Lowering on Risk of Elevated Liver Enzymes, Rhabdomyolysis, and Cancer, by Alsheikh-Ali, et al . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Very Low Density Lipoprotein is formed in the liver, and is 80% triglyceride and is packaged with apoproteins and cholesterols to be exported into the blood stream. (easycalculation.com)
  • What approaches would be useful to confirm the nature of lipid/lipoprotein abnormalities observed in patients with cholestatic liver disease, and how can accurate LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations be determined in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and resulting lipoprotein abnormalities? (aacc.org)
  • These drugs work by blocking the enzyme that the liver uses to manufacture cholesterol. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
  • On the other hand, LDL is a major carrier of cholesterol from a liver to each tissue. (google.com)
  • HDL picks up cholesterol from the blood and delivers it to cells that can use it or to the liver to be recycled or eliminated from the body. (drweil.com)
  • LDL is known as "bad" cholesterol because it transports cholesterol from the liver throughout the body, potentially allowing it to be deposited in artery walls. (drweil.com)
  • They move the cholesterol from your blood and artery walls to your liver for removal from your body. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • Most of our cholesterol is synthesized in the liver and subsequently combines with additional cellular constituents, such as lipids and proteins, before being released into the bloodstream. (juvenon.com)
Targets4
  • In addition, the panel said that the use of LDL-cholesterol targets might result in the overtreatment of patients with nonstatin drugs. (medscape.com)
  • They also are the strongest predictor of failure to meet LDL cholesterol targets. (uspharmacist.com)
  • The between-genders gap in reaching LDL-C targets increased with age and diabetes duration, favouring men in all groups. (hindawi.com)
  • LDL-C management is worst in women with T2DM, who are monitored and reach targets less frequently than T2DM men. (hindawi.com)
Fats12
  • This plan focuses on foods that are low in natural cholesterol and saturated fat but high in the so-called "good fats. (webmd.com)
  • LDL and HDL are the two main types of cholesterol (blood fats, or lipids) that make up your total cholesterol. (medicinenet.com)
  • Eating foods high in -saturated and trans fats - fast food, fatty meat like sausages, pastry, cakes and full-fat dairy products - can encourage the build-up of LDL. (mirror.co.uk)
  • Most diets recommend limiting fat and cholesterol intake, specifically saturated fats and trans fatty acids, and increasing the intake of plant steroids and fiber. (healthcentral.com)
  • consequently, you should stay away from: cheese, ice cream, store-bought baked goods, and foods high in trans fats (not the same as cholesterol, but very bad for your heart health). (zocdoc.com)
  • A rare form of the disease that occurs before the age of 65, early-onset Alzheimer's has previously been linked to a gene mutation involved in how the body processes fats and cholesterol. (healthday.com)
  • BeWellBuzz) Despite the cultural demonizing of fats, saturated fats and cholesterol, all of these are good and necessary nutrients for life and health. (bewellbuzz.com)
  • Cholesterol produced in you body is a soft, waxy substance found among the lipids (fats) in the bloodstream and in all your body's cells. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Cholesterol and other fats can't dissolve in the blood. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • These are saturated fats, cholesterol and obesity. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • These heart-damaging fats reduce HDL and raise LDL. (drweil.com)
  • Foods that are high in soluble fiber and phytosterols, as well as healthy fats such as olive oil, have been found to be helpful in lowering LDL cholesterol. (verywellhealth.com)
Significantly5
  • Within the past decade, clinical trials of LDL-C reduction have convincingly demonstrated that LDL-C reduction in primary and secondary prevention trials can significantly reduce clinical cardiac events. (ahajournals.org)
  • 1 Arteriographic investigations have demonstrated that LDL-C reduction can significantly reduce the rate of arteriographically defined disease progression. (ahajournals.org)
  • High-walnut-enriched diets significantly decrease total and LDL cholesterol. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Pantesin, a highly absorbable vitamin B5 (pantethine) from Kyowa Hakko (New York City), may significantly lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in humans, according to research published in the journal Nutrition Research. (nutritionaloutlook.com)
  • Take a look at this natural cholesterol supplement and discover how it can help significantly lower cholesterol naturally as well as promote overall heart health. (healthy-heart-guide.com)
Help lower your LDL cholesterol1
  • If you are overweight, losing weight can help lower your LDL cholesterol. (medlineplus.gov)
Heart disease21
  • Recently, one group of researchers has challenged the connection between raised LDL and heart disease. (news-medical.net)
  • A 2018 article published in the journal Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology challenged the long-held belief that 'bad' LDL cholesterol causes heart disease. (news-medical.net)
  • In fact, study author Malcolm Kendrick reported that 92% of the individuals who had high cholesterol lived longer and had less heart disease. (news-medical.net)
  • Of all the forms of cholesterol in the blood, the LDL-C is considered the most important form in determining risk of heart disease. (labcorp.com)
  • Results of the LDL-C test and other components of the lipid profile are considered along with other known risk factors of heart disease to develop a plan of treatment and follow-up. (labcorp.com)
  • In addition to measuring the amount of LDL-C in blood, a test that measures the number of LDL particles (LDL-P) and/or their size may be useful in helping to determine risk of heart disease in certain people, according to some recent studies. (labcorp.com)
  • Along with smoking and high blood pressure, raised blood cholesterol is one of the main risk factors for heart disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Whether calculated or measured directly, LDL-C values are used to assess your risk for heart disease and help guide decisions about what treatment may be best if you are at borderline, intermediate, or high risk. (labcorp.com)
  • The fact is, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the bad cholesterol, is a major cause of heart disease. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Look out for a family history of high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or early heart disease. (healthline.com)
  • Your heart grows healthier and stronger, and you find yourself lowering LDL cholesterol and considerably less at risk for heart disease. (articleinsider.com)
  • Drug therapy is generally started after therapeutic lifestyle changes have failed to meet target cholesterol reduction or concomitantly when it is anticipated that therapeutic lifestyle changes will not solely be sufficient to minimize heart disease risk. (healthcentral.com)
  • He wrote for HealthCentral as a health professional for Heart Disease, High Blood Pressure, and High Cholesterol. (healthcentral.com)
  • Normal total cholesterol associated with a high LDL may still increase the risk of heart disease and stroke . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • If your LDL cholesterol is more than 160 milligrams per deciliter of blood (mg/dL), it's high risk if you have 2 or more risk factors or if you have heart disease. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Knowing the part this molecule plays in heart disease, and learning how to lower LDL cholesterol in the body is one of the ways to keep a healthy heart. (exercisegoals.com)
  • If you want to lower your cholesterol, what you're really talking about is improving your health and reducing your risk of heart disease, right? (marksdailyapple.com)
  • The higher the subjects' LDL cholesterol, the longer they lived and the less heart disease they seemed to experience. (peoplespharmacy.com)
  • Drop of cholesterol by 1 point achieves approximately 2% risk drop of heart disease. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • High cholesterol is a well-known risk factor for heart disease. (juvenon.com)
  • inflammation induced by cholesterol loading into immune cells causes heart disease. (wikipedia.org)
Dietary12
  • The main approaches to lowering LDL cholesterol are dietary and lifestyle changes. (news-medical.net)
  • Less than 200 milligrams of dietary cholesterol. (webmd.com)
  • You can always talk to your doctor or dietician in more detail about how to measure how much fat and dietary cholesterol you're taking in. (webmd.com)
  • With the TLC Program, you must keep your intake of dietary cholesterol to less than 200 milligrams a day. (webmd.com)
  • Dietary cholesterol comes primarily from animal sources including meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products. (medicinenet.com)
  • A variety of specific foods such as walnuts and soy proteins and dietary supplements such green tea and cholesterol lowering margarines have been shown to have a modest effect in reducing cholesterol. (healthcentral.com)
  • Taking high doses of the over-the-counter dietary supplement is not how you treat high cholesterol and doing so could be dangerous. (livestrong.com)
  • In addition, there were no significant differences in intake of carbohydrates, protein, total fat, saturated fat, dietary fiber, soluble fiber, or cholesterol associated with taking the active tablets compared with the placebo tablets. (pharmacytimes.com)
  • and dietary cholesterol, found exclusively in animal-derived foods, especially eggs . (nutritionfacts.org)
  • The American Heart Association recom-mends that your average daily intake of dietary cholesterol should be less than 300 milligrams. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Dietary cholesterol is found in meat, poultry, seafood and dairy products. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Cholesterol is often portrayed as the evil dietary villain. (juvenon.com)
Shown that lowering LDL ch1
  • Research has shown that lowering LDL cholesterol reduces the risk of heart attacks , strokes , and peripheral artery disease. (medicinenet.com)
Challenge of lowering LDL ch1
Patients19
  • And yet, we're not abandoning the measurement of LDL cholesterol, because it's perhaps our best marker of understanding whether patients are going to achieve as much benefit as they can for the dose of statin they can tolerate. (medscape.com)
  • Parkinson's patients are also more likely to carry the gene APOE-2, which is linked with lower LDL cholesterol. (emaxhealth.com)
  • Before considering some of the reasons why patients don't meet their LDL cholesterol goals, it is important to understand what those goals are and what the criteria for treatment is. (uspharmacist.com)
  • 4 The new guidelines include an optional therapeutic LDL cholesterol goal of less than 70 mg/dL for patients in the very high-risk category. (uspharmacist.com)
  • Lastly, given that only 1/3 of patients being treated for high cholesterol are meeting target goals and only ~1/2 of persons prescribed a lipid lowering drug are still taking the medication 6 months later, compliance and a constructive physician-patient relationship are vital to any cholesterol lowering treatment plan. (healthcentral.com)
  • High polyphenol chocolate is effective in improving the atherosclerotic cholesterol profile in patients with diabetes by increasing HDL cholesterol and improving the cholesterol:HDL ratio. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • In the ODYSSEY clinical trial program, two doses of alirocumab showed significant LDL cholesterol lowering in a variety of patients who were not able to adequately lower their LDL cholesterol with current standard of care alone. (news-medical.net)
  • The majority of patients achieved their LDL-lowering goals with the 75 mg dose, when added to maximally tolerated dose of a statin, with a generally acceptable safety profile. (news-medical.net)
  • However the elevated risk in low LDL patients was independent of any of these other factors after univariate analysis. (lww.com)
  • In cardiac literature, LDL has been reduced to the mid-40s to 50 without bleeding problems, but cardiac patients are different from stroke patients. (lww.com)
  • The lower a patient's LDL, the greater the risk of symptomatic bleeding is an interesting observation, but it was in a small number of patients. (lww.com)
  • He told Neurology Today in a telephone interview, "These patients [with low LDL] were also older, had more diabetes, more severe strokes, and more anti-platelet and anti-coagulant therapy. (lww.com)
  • The BLA, submitted on Aug. 27, 2014, is based on data from approximately 6,800 patients, including more than 4,500 patients with high cholesterol in 10 Phase 3 trials. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • The aim of present study was to compare calculated LDL-C with direct homogeneous assay in patients with type 2 diabetes. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Submitting Repatha for marketing approval in Japan is an important milestone in our strategic partnership alliance with Astellas Pharma as we look forward to accomplishing our common goal of addressing the critical needs of patients with high cholesterol,' saidSean E. Harper, M.D., executive vice president of Research and Development at Amgen. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • We look forward to working with regulatory authorities in Japan to provide a new treatment option for patients whose cholesterol is uncontrolled with currently available therapies. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • The Japanese New Drug Application for marketing approval for Repatha contains data from approximately 7,200 patients with high cholesterol in 11 Phase 3 trials, including Japanese patients from studies conducted in Japan. (fiercebiotech.com)
  • A paper published today in BMJ Open suggesting that patients with high LDL cholesterol had lower or similar mortality rates has been criticised by scientists. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
  • Thus, the earlier that patients start to have lower cholesterol concentrations, the greater the risk of death. (peoplespharmacy.com)
Concentrations1
  • We found that lower LDL concentrations were indeed associated with a higher occurrence of Parkinson's disease," Huang said. (emaxhealth.com)
Blood40
  • The abnormal genes mean the body has trouble clearing LDL cholesterol from the blood. (mydr.com.au)
  • Soluble fibre, called so because it dissolves in water, is found in oat bran and psyllium husk, and is very helpful in lowering blood cholesterol. (mydr.com.au)
  • For example, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited form of high blood cholesterol. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Certain races may have an increased risk of high blood cholesterol. (medlineplus.gov)
  • When your body has too much LDL cholesterol, the LDL cholesterol can build up on the walls of your blood vessels. (cdc.gov)
  • Hello, I just had a blood test and these are my cholesterol results: Are they a problem? (medhelp.org)
  • The National Heart , Lung , and Blood Institute made it for people who want to control their cholesterol . (webmd.com)
  • HDL cholesterol can move LDL cholesterol from the blood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If there is too much LDL cholesterol in the blood, it builds up in the walls of the blood vessels, causing them to narrow and stiffen. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A buildup of LDL cholesterol reduces blood flow and can increase the risk of heart attack or stroke . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Total cholesterol does fluctuate, so more than one blood test might be required for an accurate assessment. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In either situation, the direct LDL-C test can determine the amount of LDL in your blood. (labcorp.com)
  • Remember that oil (LDL) and water (blood) don't mix. (healthcentral.com)
  • The National Cholesterol Education Program's (NCEP's) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults creates updated clinical guidelines for testing and management of cholesterol. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Everyone age 20 and older should have their cholesterol checked at least every five years through a blood test. (clevelandclinic.org)
  • Because cholesterol is a fat (medically referred to as lipid ), elevated blood cholesterol is sometimes referred to as hyperlipidemia . (medicinenet.com)
  • Cholesterol is a waxy substance that circulates in your blood. (healthline.com)
  • Cholesterol doesn't dissolve in the blood. (healthline.com)
  • When there is an excess of LDL in the blood or when it undergoes structural changes from certain body stresses, LDL can become harmful by accumulating in blood vessels walls. (healthcentral.com)
  • Dark chocolate is known to lower blood pressure and cholesterol and is therefore considered healthy when eaten in moderation. (reference.com)
  • In its guidelines on evaluating and treating high cholesterol, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, or NHLBI, said the standard doses of immediate-release tablets or capsules, such as Niacor and Nicolar, is between 1.5 g and 3 g. (livestrong.com)
  • Just like most people who have high blood pressure do not feel any symptoms, generally speaking having high cholesterol doesn't cause any symptoms either at first. (zocdoc.com)
  • The amount of each type of cholesterol in your blood can be measured by a blood test. (heart.org)
  • Only one-third to one-fourth of blood cholesterol is carried by HDL. (heart.org)
  • It is LDL that can cause blockages in the blood vessels, potentially leading to heart attack and stroke. (gnet.org)
  • These proteins carry cholesterol around our bodies using our blood as a means of transport. (gnet.org)
  • If you have a family history of high cholesterol or high blood pressure this is worth mentioning to your doctor. (gnet.org)
  • According to William C. Roberts, editor in chief of the American Journal of Cardiology , the only critical risk factor for atherosclerotic plaque buildup is cholesterol , specifically elevated LDL cholesterol in our blood. (nutritionfacts.org)
  • Often called the "bad" cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles carry cholesterol through the blood. (empowher.com)
  • Don't wait for a blood test, take steps now to lower LDL and/or keep it low. (empowher.com)
  • Fasting blood glucose, total Cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were obtained using standard methods. (thefreelibrary.com)
  • Low density lipoprotein is the major cholesterol carrier in the blood. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • What Raises Your Blood Cholesterol? (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • Of these three, saturated fatty acids are the main culprit in raising blood cholesterol. (lowfatlifestyle.com)
  • The buildup of cholesterol on artery walls narrows the vessels, slowing or blocking the flow of blood. (drweil.com)
  • The sum of different cholesterol types in your blood is referred to as total cholesterol. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • About 1/3 to 1/4 of blood cholesterol is carried by HDL. (ldlhdlcholesterollevels.org)
  • Indeed, recent research suggests LDL cholesterol's clever accomplice is actually inflammation - the rush of white blood cells and chemicals that our immune system releases to combat damage or infection. (juvenon.com)
  • The body sends LDL to heal those lesions, but it ultimately accumulates and oxidizes, causing an accumulation of plaque that can form blood clots and blockages that may result in strokes and heart attacks. (juvenon.com)
  • Oats are associated with lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. (wikipedia.org)
People with high LDL2
  • Since elderly people with high LDL-C live as long or longer than those with low LDL-C, our analysis provides reason to question the validity of the cholesterol hypothesis,' wrote Ravnskov, a former associate professor of renal medicine at Lund University in Sweden. (news-medical.net)
  • Since elderly people with high LDL-C live as long or longer than those with low LDL-C, our analysis provides reason to question the validity of the cholesterol hypothesis. (peoplespharmacy.com)
Hypercholesterolemia1
  • What is the differential diagnosis for a hypercholesterolemia which shows markedly increased LDL-C and decreased HDL-C? (aacc.org)
Measurement of LDL cholesterol1
  • Methods for Measurement of LDL-Cholesterol: A Critical Assessment of Direct Measurement by Homogeneous Assays versus Calculation. (labcorp.com)
Direct LDL Cholesterol2
  • In this case, the only way to accurately determine LDL-C is to measure it directly (see the article on Direct LDL Cholesterol ). (labcorp.com)
  • What is a direct LDL cholesterol test? (labcorp.com)
Baseline LDL cholesterol1
  • 00001), according to Gotto, who noted that these benefits were present regardless of baseline LDL cholesterol or previous statin use and without much difference in safety outcomes between groups. (healio.com)
Lipid7
  • Cholesterol is a chemical compound that is naturally produced by the body and is structurally a combination of fat (lipid) and steroid. (medicinenet.com)
  • There's three kinds of cholesterol numbers or lipid numbers more accurately. (sharecare.com)
  • Estimation of Small, Dense LDL Particles Using Equations Derived From Routine Lipid Parameters as Surrogate Markers. (scirp.org)
  • There is a question regarding whether high LDL cholesterol is in itself a cause of vascular disease (the lipid hypothesis), or a response to an inflammatory condition that is the true cause of vascular disease (the inflammation hypothesis). (juvenon.com)
  • Cholesterol regulates the function of several membrane proteins associated with lipid rafts. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, cholesterol directly regulates the affinity of palmitoylated proteins for GM1 containing lipid rafts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholesterol signaling through lipid rafts can be attenuated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphophate signaling (PIP2). (wikipedia.org)
Reduces1
Plant sterols5
  • Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have investigated the role of plant sterols in cholesterol lowering ability. (medindia.net)
  • Plant sterols are similar to cholesterol in structure and can reduce the absorption of cholesterol in the gut by competing with cholesterol to get absorbed and transported into the body. (medindia.net)
  • Those who started with higher LDL got a bigger response, a bigger drop in their LDL, when they added plant sterols to their regimen. (medindia.net)
  • LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols-Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy? (mdpi.com)
  • Ras, R.T. LDL-Cholesterol Lowering of Plant Sterols and Stanols-Which Factors Influence Their Efficacy? (mdpi.com)
Hypothesis4
  • Lead author Uffe Ravnskov and colleagues claimed that the cholesterol hypothesis is based on 'misleading statistics, exclusion of unsuccessful trials, and by ignoring numerous contradictory observations. (news-medical.net)
  • If my hypothesis was correct," she said, "lower LDL-C, something that is linked to healthy hearts, would be associated with a higher occurrence of Parkinson's. (emaxhealth.com)
  • In an editorial published in The New England Journal of Medicine on 18 June, 2015, Jarcho and Keaney analyze the reports of the IMPROVE-IT study in favour of the LDL hypothesis. (medindia.net)
  • This finding is inconsistent with the cholesterol hypothesis (ie, that cholesterol, particularly LDL-C, is inherently atherogenic). (peoplespharmacy.com)