Cholestasis. Medical search

Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).

Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).

Impairment of bile flow in the large BILE DUCTS by mechanical obstruction or stricture due to benign or malignant processes.

Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).

An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.

The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest branch of the BILIARY TRACT in the LIVER, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the GALLBLADDER for storage.

Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.

Minute intercellular channels that occur between liver cells and carry bile towards interlobar bile ducts. Also called bile capillaries.

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.

Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.

A subfamily of transmembrane proteins from the superfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that are closely related in sequence to P-GLYCOPROTEIN. When overexpressed, they function as ATP-dependent efflux pumps able to extrude lipophilic drugs, especially ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, from cells causing multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although P-Glycoproteins share functional similarities to MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS they are two distinct subclasses of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS, and have little sequence homology.

Yellow discoloration of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA in the NEWBORN. It is a sign of NEONATAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA. Most cases are transient self-limiting (PHYSIOLOGICAL NEONATAL JAUNDICE) occurring in the first week of life, but some can be a sign of pathological disorders, particularly LIVER DISEASES.

Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.

A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.

Application of a ligature to tie a vessel or strangulate a part.

FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to obstruction of BILE flow (CHOLESTASIS) in the intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC; BILE DUCTS, EXTRAHEPATIC). Primary biliary cirrhosis involves the destruction of small intra-hepatic bile ducts and bile secretion. Secondary biliary cirrhosis is produced by prolonged obstruction of large intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts from a variety of causes.

A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.

Jaundice, the condition with yellowish staining of the skin and mucous membranes, that is due to impaired BILE flow in the BILIARY TRACT, such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS, or EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS.

Pathological processes of the LIVER.

A clinical manifestation of HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA, characterized by the yellowish staining of the SKIN; MUCOUS MEMBRANE; and SCLERA. Clinical jaundice usually is a sign of LIVER dysfunction.

Passages within the liver for the conveyance of bile. Includes right and left hepatic ducts even though these may join outside the liver to form the common hepatic duct.

The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

A semisynthetic alkylated ESTRADIOL with a 17-alpha-ethinyl substitution. It has high estrogenic potency when administered orally, and is often used as the estrogenic component in ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES.

A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

A multisystem disorder that is characterized by aplasia of intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC), and malformations in the cardiovascular system, the eyes, the vertebral column, and the facies. Major clinical features include JAUNDICE, and congenital heart disease with peripheral PULMONARY STENOSIS. Alagille syndrome may result from heterogeneous gene mutations, including mutations in JAG1 on CHROMOSOME 20 (Type 1) and NOTCH2 on CHROMOSOME 1 (Type 2).

The main structural component of the LIVER. They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules.

A plant genus of the family Lamiaceae. The species of Coleus should be distinguished from PLECTRANTHUS BARBATUS - which is also known as Coleus forskohlii.

A family of MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that require ATP hydrolysis for the transport of substrates across membranes. The protein family derives its name from the ATP-binding domain found on the protein.

The largest bile duct. It is formed by the junction of the CYSTIC DUCT and the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT.

Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.

A group of diseases related to a deficiency of the enzyme ARGININOSUCCINATE SYNTHASE which causes an elevation of serum levels of CITRULLINE. In neonates, clinical manifestations include lethargy, hypotonia, and SEIZURES. Milder forms also occur. Childhood and adult forms may present with recurrent episodes of intermittent weakness, lethargy, ATAXIA, behavioral changes, and DYSARTHRIA. (From Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p49)

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.

Proteins involved in the transport of organic anions. They play an important role in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics and their metabolites from the body.

A condition characterized by an abnormal increase of BILIRUBIN in the blood, which may result in JAUNDICE. Bilirubin, a breakdown product of HEME, is normally excreted in the BILE or further catabolized before excretion in the urine.

The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.

A subclass of ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTERS whose transport of organic anions is driven either directly or indirectly by a gradient of sodium ions.

An abnormal lipoprotein present in large amounts in patients with obstructive liver diseases such as INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS. LP-X derives from the reflux of BILE lipoproteins into the bloodstream. LP-X is a low-density lipoprotein rich in free CHOLESTEROL and PHOSPHOLIPIDS but poor in TRIGLYCERIDES; CHOLESTEROL ESTERS; and protein.

A synthetic hormone with anabolic and androgenic properties and moderate progestational activity.

Persistent flexure or contracture of a joint.

A tricyclic antidepressant with some tranquilizing action.

The administering of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient who cannot maintain adequate nutrition by enteral feeding alone. Nutrients are administered by a route other than the alimentary canal (e.g., intravenously, subcutaneously).

A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, and chemicals from the environment.

A phenolphthalein that is used as a diagnostic aid in hepatic function determination.

An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.

A bile salt formed in the liver from lithocholic acid conjugation with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It solubilizes fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.

A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic.

The delivery of nutrients for assimilation and utilization by a patient whose sole source of nutrients is via solutions administered intravenously, subcutaneously, or by some other non-alimentary route. The basic components of TPN solutions are protein hydrolysates or free amino acid mixtures, monosaccharides, and electrolytes. Components are selected for their ability to reverse catabolism, promote anabolism, and build structural proteins.

A metabolite of 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, normally produced in small quantities by the GONADS and the ADRENAL GLANDS, found in URINE. An elevated urinary pregnanetriol is associated with CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA with a deficiency of STEROID 21-HYDROXYLASE.

A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.

Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.

Emulsions of fats or lipids used primarily in parenteral feeding.

The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.

Enlargement of the liver.

Intracellular receptors that can be found in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. They bind to extracellular signaling molecules that migrate through or are transported across the CELL MEMBRANE. Many members of this class of receptors occur in the cytoplasm and are transported to the CELL NUCLEUS upon ligand-binding where they signal via DNA-binding and transcription regulation. Also included in this category are receptors found on INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES that act via mechanisms similar to CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS.

A sequence-related subfamily of ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS that actively transport organic substrates. Although considered organic anion transporters, a subset of proteins in this family have also been shown to convey drug resistance to neutral organic drugs. Their cellular function may have clinical significance for CHEMOTHERAPY in that they transport a variety of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS. Overexpression of proteins in this class by NEOPLASMS is considered a possible mechanism in the development of multidrug resistance (DRUG RESISTANCE, MULTIPLE). Although similar in function to P-GLYCOPROTEINS, the proteins in this class share little sequence homology to the p-glycoprotein family of proteins.

A liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 12-alpha-hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of sterols in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP8B1gene, converts 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one to 7-alpha-12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and is required in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS from cholesterol.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.6.1.2.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.

Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)

Agents, usually topical, that relieve itching (pruritus).

Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.

A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.

One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Sulphated and unsulphated bile acids in serum, bile, and urine of patients with cholestasis. (1/1230)

Samples of serum, bile, and urine were collected simultaneously from patients with cholestasis of varying aetiology and from patients with cirrhosis; their bile acid composition was determined by gas/liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In cholestasis, the patterns in all three body fluids differed consistently and strikingly. In serum, cholic acid was the major bile acid and most bile acids (greater than 93%) were unsulphated, whereas, in urine, chenodeoxycholic was the major bile acid, and the majority of bile acids (greater than 60%) were sulphated. Secondary bile acids were virtually absent in bile, serum, and urine. The total amount of bile acids excreted for 24 hours correlated highly with the concentration of serum bile acids; in patients with complete obstruction, urinary excretion averaged 71-6 mg/24 h. In cirrhotic patients, serum bile acids were less raised, and chenodeoxycholic acid was the predominant acid. In healthy controls, serum bile acids were consistently richer in chenodeoxycholic acid than biliary bile acids, and no bile acids were present in urine. No unusual monohydroxy bile acids were present in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, but, in several patients, there was a considerable amount of hyocholic acid present in the urinary bile acids. The analyses of individual bile acids in serum and urine did not appear to provide helpful information in the differential diagnosis of cholestasis. Thus, in cholestasis, conjugation of chenodeoxycholic acid with sulphate becomes a major biochemical pathway, urine becomes a major route of bile acid excretion, and abnormal bile acids are formed. (+info)

Factor VII as a marker of hepatocellular synthetic function in liver disease. (2/1230)

Factor VII levels have been measured in 100 patients with liver disease following parenteral vitamin K1 therapy. There was good agreement between specific factor VII measurements and the one-stage prothrombin time apart from six patients with compensated cirrhosis in whom the prothrombin time was prolonged despite the presence of normal factor VII levels. A mean activity of 58% was found in patients with cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients with features of hepatic decompensation had a significantly lower mean level of activity (40%) than the "contrast" patients with surgical obstruction of the major bile ducts (93%). Patients with chronic active liver disease had moderate depression of factor VII levels and those with non-cirrhotic liver damage had mean activities similar to the contrast group. Factor VII levels could not be correlated with BSP retention but there was a correlation with serum albumin concentration. It is concluded that the prothrombin time using Quick test with a standardized thromboplastin showing good sensitivity to factor VII, eg, the Manchester reagent (BCT), provides a reliable index of coagulability in chronic liver disease, and specific factor VII assays are not indicated. (+info)

An interpretation of the serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme patterns in patients with obstructive liver disease. (3/1230)

Earlier studies have identified two main isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase in the sera of patients with obstructive liver disease. This paper reports on a study of these isoenzymes in specific types of liver disease where the pathology in relation to bile duct obstruction is known. The results have been used to support the theory that in biliary obstruction the increase in serum alkaline phosphatase is in part due to regurgitation of the biliary isoenzymes. (+info)

Villous adenoma of the bile ducts: a case report and a review of the reported cases in Korea. (4/1230)

Villous adenomas are benign epithelial lesions with malignant potential which can occur at any site in the gastrointestinal tract. They are usually encountered in the rectum and colon, less frequently in the small bowel and very rarely in the biliary trees. Nine cases of bile duct villous adenomas have been reported in the literature. However, 4 cases of bile duct villous adenomas have been reported in the Korean literature. Recently, we experienced a case of villous adenoma in the common hepatic duct in a 77-year-old man presenting with obstructive jaundice in which preoperative histologic diagnosis of villous adenoma played a critical role in managing this patient. Herein, we present a case report of bile duct villous adenoma and a review of the reported cases in Korea to help define and manage this rare disease entity in the bile ducts. In addition, confusing nomenclature of bile duct adenomas is discussed. (+info)

High plasma cholesterol in drug-induced cholestasis is associated with enhanced hepatic cholesterol synthesis. (5/1230)

In alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated mice, plasma phospholipid (PL) levels were elevated 10- and 13-fold at 48 and 168 h, respectively, whereas free cholesterol (FC) levels increased between 48 h (17-fold) and 168 h (39-fold). Nearly all of these lipids were localized to lipoprotein X-like particles in the low-density lipoprotein density range. The PL fatty acyl composition was indicative of biliary origin. Liver cholesterol and PL content were near normal at all time points. Hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase activity was increased sixfold at 48 h, and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity was decreased by approximately 70% between 24 and 72 h. These findings suggest a metabolic basis for the appearance of abnormal plasma lipoproteins during cholestasis. Initially, PL and bile acids appear in plasma where they serve to promote the efflux of cholesterol from hepatic cell membranes. Hepatic cholesterol synthesis is then likely stimulated in the response to the depletion of hepatic cell membranes of cholesterol. We speculate that the enhanced synthesis of cholesterol and impaired conversion to bile acids, particularly during the early phase of drug response, contribute to the accumulation of FC in the plasma. (+info)

Obstructive jaundice and acute cholangitis due to papillary stenosis. (6/1230)

Papillary stenosis is characterized by fixed fibrosis leading to structural outflow obstruction and it is usually secondary to inflammation and fibrosis from the chronic passage of gallstones, episodes of acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, peptic ulcer disease, and cholesterolosis. However, obstructive jaundice with or without acute cholangitis which leads the physician to suspect the presence of malignancy as a cause is a rare manifestation of papillary stenosis. We report here a case of papillary stenosis presenting with obstructive jaundice and acute cholangitis. The lesion was so difficult to exclude the presence of malignancy preoperatively and intraoperatively that a pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Histologic examination of the resected specimen revealed fibrosis, adenomatoid ductal hyperplasia, and mild chronic inflammation of the papilla of Vater and distal common bile duct. (+info)

MRP3, a new ATP-binding cassette protein localized to the canalicular domain of the hepatocyte. (7/1230)

Bile secretion in liver is driven in large part by ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-type proteins that reside in the canalicular membrane and effect ATP-dependent transport of bile acids, phospholipids, and non-bile acid organic anions. Canalicular ABC-type proteins can be classified into two subfamilies based on membrane topology and sequence identity: MDR1, MDR3, and SPGP resemble the multidrug resistance (MDR) P-glycoprotein, whereas MRP2 is similar in structure and sequence to the multidrug resistance protein MRP1 and transports similar substrates. We now report the isolation of the rMRP3 gene from rat liver, which codes for a protein 1522 amino acids in length that exhibits extensive sequence similarity with MRP1 and MRP2. Northern blot analyses indicate that rMRP3 is expressed in lung and intestine of Sprague-Dawley rats as well as in liver of Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rats and TR- mutant rats, which are deficient in MRP2 expression. rMRP3 expression is also transiently induced in liver shortly after birth and during obstructive cholestasis. Antibodies raised against MRP3 recognize a polypeptide of 190-200 kDa, which is reduced in size to 155-165 kDa after treatment with endoglycosidases. Immunoblot analysis and immunoconfocal microscopy indicate that rMRP3 is present in the canalicular membrane, suggesting that it may play a role in bile formation. (+info)

The pathogenetic role of endogenous angiotensin II in stress ulcer in obstructive jaundice rats. (8/1230)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathogenetic role of endogenous angiotensin II (Ang II) in the mechanism of stress ulcer in obstructive jaundice rats and to detect the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on stress ulcer in obstructive jaundice rats. METHODS: After common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in Wistar rats, the content of plasma and gastric mucosal Ang II, gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and gastric mucosal damage were measured, and the relationship among them was analyzed. RESULTS: The plasma Ang II contents increased much more significantly at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days following CBDL than those in non-CBDL rats (P < 0.05, < 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.01, respectively). Within 120 minutes following cold-restraint stress, plasma and gastric mucosal Ang II contents were elevated, GMBF decreased, and ulcer index and gastric mucosal damage increased more significantly than those in non-cold-restraint stress rats (P < 0.05, < 0.05, < 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). Administration of an ACEI, enalaprili, to CBDL rats (5 mg.kg-1.day-1, orally for two days) before stress reduced both the plasma and gastric mucosal Ang II levels, inhibited the decrease of GMBF and decreased ulcer index and gastric mucosal damage (P < 0.001, < 0.01, < 0.01, < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: The endogenous Ang II plays a significant pathogenetic role in the development of stress ulcer in obstructive jaundice rats, and ACEI may prevent stress ulcer. (+info)

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy[edit]. UDCA has been used for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. UDCA lessens itching ... Cholestasis[edit]. UDCA use is not licensed in children, as its safety and effectiveness have not been established. Evidence is ... accumulating that ursodeoxycholic acid is ineffective and unsafe in neonatal hepatitis and neonatal cholestasis.[15][16][17] ... "Interventions for treating cholestasis in pregnancy". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6): CD000493. doi:10.1002/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursodeoxycholic_acid

Pauli-Magnus C, Meier PJ, Stieger B (2010). "Genetic determinants of drug-induced cholestasis and intrahepatic cholestasis of ... This is seen in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, which occurs in 0.4 to 15% of pregnancies (highly variable depending on ... Arrese M, Reyes H (2006). "Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a past and present riddle". Ann Hepatol. 5 (3): 202-5. doi: ... Pusl T, Beuers U (2007). "Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2: 26. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-26. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_(medication)

Li, MK; Crawford, JM (Feb 2004). "The pathology of cholestasis". Semin Liver Dis. 24 (1): 21-42. doi:10.1055/s-2004-823099. ... Desmet, VJ (1995). "Histopathology of cholestasis". Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 79: 233-40. PMID 8600686. ... death associated with cholestasis. Cells undergoing this form of cell death have a flocculant appearing cytoplasm, and are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathery_degeneration

... including types of cholestasis such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, portosystemic shunt, and hepatic microvascular ... Pusl T, Beuers U (2007). "Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2: 26. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-26. PMC ... Glantz A, Marschall HU, Lammert F, Mattsson LA (December 2005). "Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a randomized controlled ... primary sclerosing cholangitis or intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid has been used for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acid

Davit-Spraul, A; Gonzales, E; Baussan, C; Jacquemin, E (Jan 8, 2009). "Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis". Orphanet ... Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (associated with HCC) and Trisomy 18 (associated with hepatoblastoma). Liver ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancer

... including types of cholestasis such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, portosystemic shunt, and hepatic microvascular ... CholestasisEdit. Tests for bile acids are useful in both human and veterinary medicine, as they aid in the diagnosis of a ... Glantz A, Marschall HU, Lammert F, Mattsson LA (December 2005). "Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a randomized controlled ... primary sclerosing cholangitis or intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.[23] Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid has been used ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_acids

... and cholestasis 1; 208085; VPS33B Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis 2; 613404; VIPAR Arthropathy, progressive ... ABCB11 Cholestasis, benign recurrent intrahepatic; 243300; ATP8B1 Cholestasis, familial intrahepatic, of pregnancy; 147480; ... ABCB4 Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 1; 211600; ATP8B1 Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 2; 601847 ... ABCB11 Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 3; 602347; ABCB4 Cholestasis, progressive familial intrahepatic 4; 607765 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

Larrey D, Geneve J, Pessayre D, Machayekhi JP, Degott C, Benhamou JP (1987). "Prolonged cholestasis after cyproheptadine- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quingestrone

Cholestasis[edit]. Liver injury leads to impairment of bile flow and cases are predominated by itching and jaundice. Histology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatotoxicity

Progressive intrahepatic cholestasis Treatment Schedule: 3 to 5 eight-hour treatment sessions on consecutive days Continuous ... Progressive intrahepatic cholestasis Treatment Schedule: 3 to 5 eight-hour treatment sessions on consecutive days Continuous ... Bergasa, NV; Thomas, DA; Vergalla, J; Turner, ML; Jones, EA (1993). "Plasma from patients with the pruritus of cholestasis ... Jones, EA; Bergasa, NV (Dec 16, 1992). "The pruritus of cholestasis and the opioid system". JAMA. 268 (23): 3359-62. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_support_system

It is also called cholestasis-lymphedema syndrome (CLS). The first case of cholestasis usually improves spontaneously during ... Aagenaes, Øystein (January 1998). "Hereditary Cholestasis with Lymphoedema (Aagenaes Syndrome, Cholestasis-Lymphoedema Syndrome ... AAGENAES, ØYSTEIN (January 1998). "Hereditary Cholestasis with Lymphoedema (Aagenaes Syndrome, Cholestasis-Lymphoedema Syndrome ... Neonatal cholestasis lasted no more than one year in some patients or lasted until the age of 6/7 years in some cases. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aagenaes_syndrome

It has been used in the symptomatic treatment of itching due to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Gonzalez MC, Iglesias J ... Reyes H, Simon FR (August 1993). "Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: an estrogen-related disease". Semin Liver Dis. 13 (3 ... Reyes H (December 1992). "The spectrum of liver and gastrointestinal disease seen in cholestasis of pregnancy". Gastroenterol ... September 1992). "Epomediol ameliorates pruritus in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy". J Hepatol. 16 (1-2): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epomediol

Fatal familial intrahepatic cholestasis in an Amish kindred". Am. J. Dis. Child. 117 (1): 112-24. doi:10.1001/archpedi. ... October 2001). "FIC1, the protein affected in two forms of hereditary cholestasis, is localized in the cholangiocyte and the ... Mutations in this gene may result in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 and in benign recurrent intrahepatic ... Carlton VE, Knisely AS, Freimer NB (Oct 1995). "Mapping of a locus for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (Byler ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP8B1

Weiland MD, Nowicki MJ, Jones JK, Giles HW (May 2011). "COACH syndrome: an unusual cause of neonatal cholestasis". The Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COACH_syndrome

... progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis), Caroli disease, choledochal cyst, cholestasis, congenital cytomegalovirus ... Unlike other forms of jaundice, however, biliary-atresia-related cholestasis mostly does not result in kernicterus, a form of ... "Role of some viral infections in neonatal cholestasis". The Egyptian Journal of Immunology. 11 (2): 149-55. PMID 16734127. Wen ... and total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis. Most (>95%) infants with biliary atresia will undergo an operation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biliary_atresia

"Recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - biochemical and clinical". Ginekologia Polska, 1974. "Free amino acids in the ... cholestasis in pregnancy, pathophysiology of blood coagulation in pregnancy, gestational diabetes, infections in pregnancy, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireneusz_Roszkowski

"Clusterin expression in cholestasis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver fibrosis". Histopathology. 54 (5): 561-70. doi:10.1111/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clusterin

This may be involved in estradiol glucuronide-induced cholestasis. Estrogen glucuronides can be deglucuronidated into the ... receptor 30/adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A pathway is involved in estradiol 17ß-D-glucuronide-induced cholestasis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estradiol_glucuronide

... is a gene associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2). PFIC2 caused by mutations in the ... Thompson R, Strautnieks S (Nov 2001). "BSEP: function and role in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis". Seminars in ... "Benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 is caused by mutations in ABCB11". Gastroenterology. 127 (2): 379-84. doi: ... "Impaired expression and function of the bile salt export pump due to three novel ABCB11 mutations in intrahepatic cholestasis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB11

Sokol RJ, Heubi JE, Balistreri WF (August 1983). "Intrahepatic "cholestasis facies": is it specific for Alagille syndrome?". ... Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis synd/729 at Who Named It? Alagille D, Odièvre M, Gautier M, Dommergues JP ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alagille_syndrome

Low levels of albumin tend to indicate a chronic condition, while it is normal in hepatitis and cholestasis.[citation needed] ... In hepatic jaundice, there is invariably cholestasis. Defects in bilirubin metabolism also leads to jaundice, as in Gilbert's ... GGT levels greater than 10x normal typically indicate cholestasis. Levels 5-10× tend to indicate viral hepatitis. Levels less ... Other causes include strictures of the common bile duct, biliary atresia, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatitis, cholestasis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaundice

Cholestasis Ground glass hepatocyte Mallory body Desmet, VJ (Jan 1998). "Ludwig symposium on biliary disorders--part I. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile_duct_hamartoma

... renal dysfunction cholestasis syndrome at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases Mishra S, Rai A, Srivastava P, Phadke SR ... Arthrogryposis renal dysfunction cholestasis syndrome, also known as ARC Syndrome. Another form has been related to mutations ... renal dysfunction and cholestasis syndrome: Report of five patients from three Italian families". European Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthrogryposis

1998). "Mutations in the MDR3 gene cause progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... 1999). "Heterozygous non-sense mutation of the MDR3 gene in familial intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy". Lancet. 353 (9148 ... 2000). "Heterozygous MDR3 missense mutation associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: evidence for a defect in ... 1994). "Clinical and biochemical findings in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis". J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB4

... may refer to: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, a disease. Passive foreign investment company, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PFIC

Research has shown use of Omegaven may reverse and prevent liver disease and cholestasis. Developed in the 1960s by Dr. Stanley ... Other potential hepatobiliary dysfunctions include steatosis, steatohepatitis, cholestasis, and cholelithiasis. Six percent of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parenteral_nutrition

... which leads to cholestasis and acute kidney injury; and tissue oedema, which leads to poor wound healing. All these effects can ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_replacement

... is also found in the liver of patients with cholestasis. It can be synthesised in the gall-bladder and secreted into bile ... of the bile salt-homeostatic hormone fibroblast growth factor 19 in the liver of patients with extrahepatic cholestasis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FGF19

gene: DCDC2 was added gene: DCDC2 was added to Cholestasis. Sources: NHS GMS Mode of inheritance for gene: DCDC2 was set to ... of which cholestasis is a feature (see publications). Green expert review and is on the VCGS panel and Kings Liver Centre ... Neonatal and Adult Cholestasis for gene: DCDC2 Publications for gene DCDC2 were changed from to 25557784; 27319779; 27469900 ...

https://panelapp.genomicsengland.co.uk/panels/544/gene/DCDC2/

So iv been itching like mad I have repeatedly told my dr and he told me to hydrate use itch cream, lotions, benadryl. Ive had it in my 1st and lost...

https://community.whattoexpect.com/forums/intrahepatic-cholestasis-of-pregnancy/topic/not-diganosed-but-possible-icp-101982839.html

What are the typical findings for cholestasis? The typical findings in an infant with cholestasis due to conjugated ... OVERVIEW: What every practitioner needs to know Are you sure your patient has cholestasis? ...

https://www.renalandurologynews.com/author/shikha-s-sundaram-dsm/

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy represents the most common pregnancy related liver disease in pregnancy. We present the ... Management of severe first trimester onset intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - case report and review of literature ( ... Key words: intrahepatal cholestasis of pregnancy, primary biliary cholangoitis, ursodeoxycholic acid, S-adenyl methionin, ... case of rare, first-trimester onset intrahepatal cholestasis with coincidence with primary biliary cholangoitis. The ...

https://www.actualgyn.com/en/2021/255

FXR-dependent Rubicon induction impairs autophagy in models of human cholestasis. Panzitt K, Jungwirth E, Krones E, Lee JM, ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=search&term=Moore+DD%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50

When I has my son I was UNFORTUNATELY diagnosed with cholestasis. If you dolls know what it is its AWFUL itching everywhere . ...

https://community.babycenter.com/post/a76853786/6-dpo-symptoms-5-years-ttc-please-ladies-share-af-due-1231

But after asking me a couple more questions, my OB told me he was sure I had cholestasis. He ordered a blood test to confirm ...

https://mommyish.com/cholestasis-of-pregnancy-complication/

Fatigue of cholestasis and the serotoninergic neurotransmitter system in the rat. Turgay Ã‡elik 1, M. Zafer GÃ¶ren 2, Kubilay Ã ...

https://www.colinst.com/products/animal-activity-meter-opto-varimex

Cholestasis and biliary obstructive disorders. This medicine is not recommended for use in patients with cholestasis and ...

https://www.practo.com/medicine-info/tht-d-12-5-40-mg-tablet-42294

Obstetric cholestasis - who is really at risk?. April 11, 2019. Sara Wickham looks at new research into obstetric cholestasis, ...

https://www.sarawickham.com/tag/risk/

Cholestasis: When Being Itchy During Pregnancy Is Dangerous June 21st, 2020 , 0 Comments ...

https://embrywomenshealth.com/a-fathers-guide-to-pregnancy-faq-032/

A Birth Story Part 1 - Being diagnosed with Obstetric Cholestasis. *byChloe ...

https://sorry-about-the-mess.co.uk/tag/childcare/