OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Cholera VaccinesCholeraSuperstitionsCholera ToxinJournal Impact FactorVibrio choleraeVaccines, InactivatedTravel MedicineTravelMeningitis, MeningococcalTyphoid FeverMalariaYellow FeverPreventive MedicineVaccinesAdministration, OralVaccinationPan American Health OrganizationAmericasInstitutional PracticeCaribbean RegionLatin AmericaPhysician-Patient RelationsPhytotherapyAversive TherapyEncyclopedias as TopicVibrio cholerae O1
Cholera Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with VIBRIO CHOLERAE. The original cholera vaccine consisted of killed bacteria, but other kinds of vaccines now exist.
Cholera
An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.
Superstitions
A belief or practice which lacks adequate basis for proof; an embodiment of fear of the unknown, magic, and ignorance.
Cholera Toxin
An ENTEROTOXIN from VIBRIO CHOLERAE. It consists of two major protomers, the heavy (H) or A subunit and the B protomer which consists of 5 light (L) or B subunits. The catalytic A subunit is proteolytically cleaved into fragments A1 and A2. The A1 fragment is a MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASE. The B protomer binds cholera toxin to intestinal epithelial cells, and facilitates the uptake of the A1 fragment. The A1 catalyzed transfer of ADP-RIBOSE to the alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G PROTEINS activates the production of CYCLIC AMP. Increased levels of cyclic AMP are thought to modulate release of fluid and electrolytes from intestinal crypt cells.
Journal Impact Factor
A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.
Vibrio cholerae
The etiologic agent of CHOLERA.
Vaccines, Inactivated
Vaccines in which the infectious microbial nucleic acid components have been destroyed by chemical or physical treatment (e.g., formalin, beta-propiolactone, gamma radiation) without affecting the antigenicity or immunogenicity of the viral coat or bacterial outer membrane proteins.
Travel Medicine
Multidisciplinary field focusing on prevention of infectious diseases and patient safety during international TRAVEL. Key element of patient's pre-travel visit to the physician is a health risk assessment.
Travel
Aspects of health and disease related to travel.
Meningitis, Meningococcal
A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)
Typhoid Fever
An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
Yellow Fever
An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage.
Preventive Medicine
A medical specialty primarily concerned with prevention of disease (PRIMARY PREVENTION) and the promotion and preservation of health in the individual.
Vaccines
Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.
Administration, Oral
The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.
Vaccination
Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.
Pan American Health Organization
WHO regional office for the Americas acting as a coordinating agency for the improvement of health conditions in the hemisphere. The four main functions are: control or eradication of communicable diseases, strengthening of national and local health services, education and training, and research.
Americas
The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined.
Institutional Practice
Professional practice as an employee or contractee of a health care institution.
Caribbean Region
The area that lies between continental North and South America and comprises the Caribbean Sea, the West Indies, and the adjacent mainland regions of southern Mexico, Central America, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Latin America
The geographic area of Latin America in general and when the specific country or countries are not indicated. It usually includes Central America, South America, Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean.
Physician-Patient Relations
The interactions between physician and patient.
Phytotherapy
Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.
Aversive Therapy
A treatment that suppresses undesirable behavior by simultaneously exposing the subject to unpleasant consequences.
Encyclopedias as Topic
Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Vibrio cholerae O1
Strains of VIBRIO CHOLERAE containing O ANTIGENS group 1. All are CHOLERA-causing strains (serotypes). There are two biovars (biotypes): cholerae and eltor (El Tor).

Expanded safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent, oral, attenuated cholera vaccine, CVD 103-HgR plus CVD 111, in United States military personnel stationed in Panama. (1/263)

To provide optimum protection against classical and El Tor biotypes of Vibrio cholerae O1, a single-dose, oral cholera vaccine was developed by combining two live, attenuated vaccine strains, CVD 103-HgR (classical, Inaba) and CVD 111 (El Tor, Ogawa). The vaccines were formulated in a double-chamber sachet; one chamber contained lyophilized bacteria, and the other contained buffer. A total of 170 partially-immune American soldiers stationed in Panama received one of the following five formulations: (a) CVD 103-HgR at 10(8) CFU plus CVD 111 at 10(7) CFU, (b) CVD 103-HgR at 10(8) CFU plus CVD 111 at 10(6) CFU, (c) CVD 103-HgR alone at 10(8) CFU, (d) CVD 111 alone at 10(7) CFU, or (e) inactivated Escherichia coli placebo. Among those who received CVD 111 at the high or low dose either alone or in combination with CVD 103-HgR, 8 of 103 had diarrhea, defined as three or more liquid stools. None of the 32 volunteers who received CVD 103-HgR alone or the 35 placebo recipients had diarrhea. CVD 111 was detected in the stools of 46% of the 103 volunteers who received it. About 65% of all persons who received CVD 103-HgR either alone or in combination had a fourfold rise in Inaba vibriocidal titers. The postvaccination geometric mean titers were comparable among groups, ranging from 450 to 550. Ogawa vibriocidal titers were about twice as high in persons who received CVD 111 as in those who received CVD 103-HgR alone (600 versus 300). The addition of CVD 111 improved the overall seroconversion rate and doubled the serum Ogawa vibriocidal titers, suggesting that the combination of an El Tor and a classical cholera strain is desirable. While CVD 111 was previously found to be well tolerated in semiimmune Peruvians, the adverse effects observed in this study indicate that this strain requires further attenuation before it can be safely used in nonimmune populations.  (+info)

Antibody responses in the lower respiratory tract and male urogenital tract in humans after nasal and oral vaccination with cholera toxin B subunit. (2/263)

Nasal vaccine delivery is superior to oral delivery in inducing specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibody responses in the upper respiratory tract. Although an antibody response in the nasal passages is important in protecting against primary colonization with lung pathogens, antibodies in the lungs are usually required as well. We immunized 15 male volunteers twice nasally or orally with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and determined the specific antibody levels in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and urine before and 2 weeks after immunization. Nasal immunization induced fivefold increases in the levels of specific IgA antibodies in BAL fluid of most volunteers, whereas there were no significant specific IgA responses after oral immunization. The specific IgG antibody level increased eightfold in BAL fluid in the nasally vaccinated subjects, and the major part of IgG had most probably been transferred from serum. Since the specific IgG response in serum was lower in the individuals vaccinated orally, the IgG response in BAL fluid in this group was also lower and not significant. In conclusion, nasal immunization is also preferable to the oral route when vaccinating against lower respiratory tract infections, and a systemic immune response is considerably more important in the lower than in the upper respiratory tract. Moreover, both nasal and oral immunizations were able to stimulate 6- to 10-fold specific IgA and IgG responses in urine in about half of the individuals, which indicates that distant mucosal vaccination might be used to prevent adhesion of pathogens to the urogenital tract.  (+info)

Mucosal and systemic immune responses in humans after primary and booster immunizations with orally administered invasive and noninvasive live attenuated bacteria. (3/263)

The mucosal and systemic immune responses after primary and booster immunizations with two attenuated live oral vaccine strains derived from a noninvasive (Vibrio cholerae) and an invasive (Salmonella typhi) enteric pathogen were comparatively evaluated. Vaccination with S. typhi Ty21a elicited antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses specific for S. typhi O9, 12 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as significant increases in levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibodies to the same antigen in serum. A strong systemic CD4(+) T-helper type 1 cell-mediated immune (CMI) response was also induced. In contrast to results with Ty21a, no evidence of a CMI response was obtained after primary immunization with V. cholerae CVD 103-HgR in spite of the good immunogenicity of the vaccine. Volunteers who received a single dose of CVD 103-HgR primarily developed an IgM ASC response against whole vaccine cells and purified V. cholerae Inaba LPS, and seroconversion of serum vibriocidal antibodies occurred in four of five subjects. Serum IgG anti-cholera toxin antibody titers were of lower magnitude. For both live vaccines, the volunteers still presented significant local immunity 14 months after primary immunization, as revealed by the elevated baseline antibody titers at the time of the booster immunization and the lower ASC, serum IgG, and vibriocidal antibody responses after the booster immunization. These results suggest that local immunity may interfere with colonization of the gut by both vaccine strains at least up to 14 months after basis immunization. Interestingly, despite a low secondary ASC response, Ty21a was able to boost both humoral (anti-LPS systemic IgG and IgA) and CMI responses. Evidence of a CMI response was also observed for one of three volunteers given a cholera vaccine booster dose. The direct comparison of results with two attenuated live oral vaccine strains in human volunteers clearly showed that the capacity of the vaccine strain to colonize specific body compartments conditions the pattern of vaccine-induced immune responses.  (+info)

Effect of small bowel bacterial overgrowth on the immunogenicity of single-dose live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR. (4/263)

Several live oral vaccines (polio, bovine rotavirus, CVD 103-HgR cholera) are less immunogenic in developing than in industrialized countries. It was hypothesized that proximal small bowel bacterial overgrowth (common in children in less developed countries but rare in industrialized settings) diminishes the vibriocidal antibody response to CVD 103-HgR. In total, 202 fasting Santiago schoolchildren aged 5-9 years had lactulose breath H2 tests to detect proximal small bowel bacteria 1 day before ingesting CVD 103-HgR. Florid small bowel overgrowth was observed in 10 (5.6%) of 178 analyzable children. In children with florid overgrowth, vibriocidal seroconversion differed little from other children (60% vs. 67%), but the geometric mean titer was lower (160 vs. 368; P=.25). By logistic regression, increased peak breath H2 at small bowel time points was associated with diminished seroconversion (P=.04), as was the interaction of H2 value and weight (children >25 kg had lower seroconversion rates among subjects with heaviest overgrowth).  (+info)

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentered trial of the efficacy of a single dose of live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in preventing cholera following challenge with Vibrio cholerae O1 El tor inaba three months after vaccination. (5/263)

CVD 103-HgR is a live oral cholera vaccine strain constructed by deleting 94% of the gene for the enzymatically active A subunit of cholera toxin from classical Inaba Vibrio cholerae O1 569B; the strain also contains a mercury resistance gene as an identifying marker. This vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic in double-blind, controlled studies and was protective in open-label studies of volunteers challenged with V. cholerae O1. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of vaccine efficacy was designed to test longer-term protection of CVD 103-HgR against moderate and severe El Tor cholera in U.S. volunteers. A total of 85 volunteers (50 at the University of Maryland and 35 at Children's Hospital Medical Center/University of Cincinnati) were recruited for vaccination and challenge with wild-type V. cholerae El Tor Inaba. Volunteers were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive, with buffer, a single oral dose of either CVD 103-HgR (2 x 10(8) to 8 x 10(8) CFU) or placebo (killed E. coli K-12). About 3 months after immunization, 51 of these volunteers were orally challenged with 10(5) CFU of virulent V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba strain N16961, prepared from a standardized frozen inoculum. Ninety-one percent of the vaccinees had a >/=4-fold rise in serum vibriocidal antibodies after vaccination. After challenge, 9 (39%) of the 23 placebo recipients and 1 (4%) of the 28 vaccinees had moderate or severe diarrhea (>/=3-liter diarrheal stool) (P < 0.01; protective efficacy, 91%). A total of 21 (91%) of 23 placebo recipients and 5 (18%) of 28 vaccinees had any diarrhea (P < 0.001; protective efficacy, 80%). Peak stool V. cholerae excretion among placebo recipients was 1.1 x 10(7) CFU/g and among vaccinees was 4.9 x 10(2) CFU/g (P < 0.001). This vaccine could therefore be a safe and effective tool to prevent cholera in travelers.  (+info)

Mass vaccination with a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in a refugee camp. (6/263)

In refugee settings, the use of cholera vaccines is controversial since a mass vaccination campaign might disrupt other priority interventions. We therefore conducted a study to assess the feasibility of such a campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in a refugee camp. The campaign, using killed whole-cell/recombinant B-subunit cholera vaccine, was carried out in October 1997 among 44,000 south Sudanese refugees in Uganda. Outcome variables included the number of doses administered, the drop-out rate between the two rounds, the proportion of vaccine wasted, the speed of administration, the cost of the campaign, and the vaccine coverage. Overall, 63,220 doses of vaccine were administered. At best, 200 vaccine doses were administered per vaccination site and per hour. The direct cost of the campaign amounted to US$ 14,655, not including the vaccine itself. Vaccine coverage, based on vaccination cards, was 83.0% and 75.9% for the first and second rounds, respectively. Mass vaccination of a large refugee population with an oral cholera vaccine therefore proved to be feasible. A pre-emptive vaccination strategy could be considered in stable refugee settings and in urban slums in high-risk areas. However, the potential cost of the vaccine and the absence of quickly accessible stockpiles are major drawbacks for its large-scale use.  (+info)

Optimizing the germfree mouse model for in vivo evaluation of oral Vibrio cholerae vaccine and vector strains. (7/263)

The germfree mouse model of Vibrio cholerae infection can be used to judge immune responses to V. cholerae vaccine and vector strains. In the original model, a single oral inoculation was administered on day 0, a booster oral inoculation was administered on day 14, and immune responses were analyzed with samples collected on day 28. Unfortunately, immune responses in this model frequently were low level, and interanimal variability occurred. In order to improve this model, we evaluated various primary and booster V. cholerae inoculation schedules. The most prominent systemic and mucosal antibody responses were measured in mice that received a multiple primary inoculation series on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 and booster inoculations on days 28 and 42. These modifications result in improved preliminary evaluation of V. cholerae vaccine and vector strains in mice.  (+info)

Use of lambda phage S and R gene products in an inducible lysis system for Vibrio cholerae- and Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium-based DNA vaccine delivery systems. (8/263)

Novel methods for adapting DNA vaccine technology to the prevention of mucosal diseases are greatly needed. Here we show that regulated expression of phage lambda lysis genes S and R causes dramatic lysis of both Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium cells with concomitant release of plasmid DNA into the surrounding media. We also used single and double DNase mutant strains to show that secreted V. cholerae DNases can adversely affect the integrity of DNA molecules released upon lysis. These results suggest that incorporation of lambda SR-mediated lysis constructs and DNA stabilizing mutations into candidate live attenuated bacterial vaccines offers a promising approach for the development of effective mucosal DNA delivery vectors for humans.  (+info)

Herd immunity conferred by killed oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: A reanalysis<...Herd immunity conferred by killed oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: A reanalysis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Herd immunity conferred by killed oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh. T2 - A reanalysis. AU - Ali, Mohammad. AU - Emch, Michael. AU - Von Seidlein, Lorenz. AU - Yunus, Mohammad. AU - Sack, David Allen. AU - Rao, Malla. AU - Holmgren, Jan. AU - Clemens, John D.. PY - 2005/7/2. Y1 - 2005/7/2. N2 - Background: Decisions about the use of killed oral cholera vaccines, which confer moderate levels of direct protection to vaccinees, can depend on whether the vaccines also provide indirect (herd) protection when high levels of vaccine coverage are attained. We reanalysed data from a field trial in Bangladesh to ascertain whether there is evidence of indirect protection from killed oral cholera vaccines. Methods: We analysed the first year of surveillance data from a placebo-controlled trial of B subunit-killed whole-cell and killed whole-cell-only oral cholera vaccines in children and adult women in Bangladesh. We calculated whether there was an inverse, monotonic trend for the relation ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/herd-immunity-conferred-by-killed-oral-cholera-vaccines-in-bangla-4
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Case for Reactive Mass Oral Cholera VaccinationsPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: The Case for Reactive Mass Oral Cholera Vaccinations
Author Summary Cholera outbreaks have had catastrophic impact on societies for centuries. Despite more than half a century of advocacy for safe water, sanitation and hygiene, approximately 100,000 cholera cases and 5,000 deaths were reported in Zimbabwe between August 2008 and by July 2009. Safe and effective oral cholera vaccines have been licensed and used by affluent tourists for more than a decade to prevent cholera. We asked whether oral cholera vaccines could be used to protect high risk populations at a time of cholera. We calculated how many cholera cases could have been prevented if mass cholera vaccinations would have been implemented in reaction to past cholera outbreaks. We estimate that determined, well organized mass vaccination campaigns could have prevented 34,900 (40%) cholera cases and 1,695 deaths (40%) in Zimbabwe. In the sites with endemic cholera, Kolkata and Zanzibar, a significant number of cases could have been prevented but the impact would have been less dramatic. The barriers
http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/comments?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0000952&imageURI=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000952.g003
Cholera vaccine - WikipediaCholera vaccine - Wikipedia
In the late twentieth century, oral cholera vaccines started to be used on a massive scale, with millions of vaccinations taking place, as a tool to control cholera outbreaks in addition to the traditional interventions of improving safe water supplies, sanitation, handwashing and other means of improving hygiene.[16] The Dukoral monovalent vaccine from Sweden, which combines formalin, heat-killed whole cells of Vibrio cholerae O1 and a recombinant cholera toxin B subunit, was licensed in 1991, mainly for travellers. Out of a million doses sold during the following decade, 63 negative side effects were reported.[8] The Shanchol/mORCVAX bivalent vaccine, which combines the O1 and O139 serogroups, was originally licensed in Vietnam in 1997 and given in 20 million doses to children in Vietnam during the following decade.[8] As of 2010[update], Vietnam continued to incorporate oral cholera vaccination in its public health programme, administering the vaccination through targeted mass vaccination of ...
https://cc.bingj.com/cache.aspx?q=Cholera+wikipedia&d=5015229175431196&mkt=en-US&setlang=en-US&w=I6xzI7Eg3EfoqYJ6dvvXMqkWTGSbGPw7
Immunogenicity and protection from a single dose of internationally available killed oral cholera vaccine: a systematic review...Immunogenicity and protection from a single dose of internationally available killed oral cholera vaccine: a systematic review...
In addition to improved water supply and sanitation, the two-dose killed oral cholera vaccine (OCV) is an important tool for the prevention and control of cholera. We aimed to document the immunogenicity and protection (efficacy and effectiveness) conferred by a single OCV dose against cholera. The meta-analysis showed an estimated 73% and 77% of individuals seroconverted to the Ogawa and Inaba serotypes, respectively, after an OCV first dose. The estimates of single-dose vaccine protection from available studies are 87% at 2 months decreasing to 33% at 2 years. Current immunologic and clinical data suggest that protection conferred by a single dose of killed OCV may be sufficient to reduce short-term risk in outbreaks or other high-risk settings, which may be especially useful when vaccine supply is limited. However, until more data suggests otherwise, a second dose should be given as soon as circumstances allow to ensure robust protection.. ...
http://epicentre.msf.org/immunogenicity-and-protection-single-dose-internationally-available-killed-oral-cholera-vaccine-syst
Prison Planet.com » Oral cholera vaccine loaded with GMOs to be tested on babies worldwidePrison Planet.com » Oral cholera vaccine loaded with GMOs to be tested on babies worldwide
January 3, 2014. California-based vaccine manufacturer PaxVax has reportedly submitted an application to begin international trials of a novel oral cholera vaccine that contains live, genetically modified (GM) bacteria. VacTruth.com reports that the new vaccine is set to be tested on more than 1,000 individuals, many of whom are young children, in a three-part clinical trial series to take place throughout Australia.. In a recent application filing with the Australian Government, PaxVax makes plain its intent to administer the live, GM bacteria in both young and old and in every region of the country. Participants will be instructed to literally consume a cocktail of mercury-resistant, GM Shigella flexneri NR1 bacteria derived from the Vibrio cholera bacterial strain, which is recognized as the causative agent of the gastroenteritis disease known as cholera.. According to the filing, the GM cholera strain used in the vaccine has essentially been artificially neutralized to prevent the toxic ...
https://www.prisonplanet.com/oral-cholera-vaccine-loaded-with-gmos-to-be-tested-on-babies-worldwide.html
WHO releases oral cholera vaccine stockpile report - IFRCWHO releases oral cholera vaccine stockpile report - IFRC
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) welcomes the release of the WHO Technical Working Group on oral cholera vaccine (OCV) stockpile.
https://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/news-stories/international/who-releases-report-on-oral-cholera-vaccine-stockpile-58313/
PRIME PubMed | Vaccination strategies to combat an infectious globe: oral cholera vaccinesPRIME PubMed | Vaccination strategies to combat an infectious globe: oral cholera vaccines
PubMed journal article: Vaccination strategies to combat an infectious globe: oral cholera vaccines. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/21572610/Vaccination_strategies_to_combat_an_infectious_globe:_oral_cholera_vaccines_
New Supplier Approved by UN Health Agency for Oral Cholera Vaccines Will Double the ProductionNew Supplier Approved by UN Health Agency for Oral Cholera Vaccines Will Double the Production
As the world faced a dearth of oral cholera vaccines, the United Nations health agency announced that the supply of medication will double up to six million doses this year after it added another producer to its list of approved suppliers so that they can put up a fight against a disease that kills as many as 142,000 people every year
http://www.counselheal.com/articles/19638/20160112/un-health-agency-new-supplier-cholera-vaccination-meet-shortfall.htm
Hilleman Labs achieves successful outcome of Phase I/II Clinical Trialofits Oral Cholera Vaccine HillcholTM | Latest Health...Hilleman Labs achieves successful outcome of Phase I/II Clinical Trialofits Oral Cholera Vaccine HillcholTM | Latest Health...
Sharing results of the clinical study, Dr. Ajit Pal Singh- Vice President Clinical R&Dat Hilleman Labsstated, HillcholTM was tested in 840 subjects that included adults, adolescents as well as small children. We were able to demonstrate safety and tolerability of HillcholTM in our Phase I/II trials. Our vaccine consists of a novel Hikojima strain that expresses both the Ogawa and Inaba serotypes. When compared against Shanchol, the Cholera vaccine pre-qualified by WHO, we could achieve non-inferiority in terms of seroconversion as well as Geometric Mean Titre for both the Ogawa and Inaba serotypes. These results are very encouraging and warrant further development of our Cholera vaccine.. Dr. Tarun Sharma, Director R&D at Hilleman Labsstated, The HillcholTM Phase I/II clinical trial results support our Hikojima vaccine design and mirror the impressive results we have been able to achieve in Preclinical studies. This encourages us to conduct further clinical studies as well as undertake ...
http://healthtechnology.in/2017/10/12/hilleman-labs-achieves-successful-outcome-of-phase-iii-clinical-trialofits-oral-cholera-vaccine-hillcholtm/
Cholera Vaccination in Urban Haiti | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneCholera Vaccination in Urban Haiti | The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Abstract. Successful and sustained efforts have been made to curtail the major cholera epidemic that occurred in Haiti in 2010 with the promotion of hygiene and sanitation measures, training of health personnel and establishment of treatment centers nationwide. Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was introduced by the Haitian Ministry of Health as a pilot project in urban and rural areas. This paper reports the successful OCV pilot project led by GHESKIO Centers in the urban slums of Port-au-Prince where 52,357 persons received dose 1 and 90.8% received dose 2; estimated coverage of the at-risk community was 75%. This pilot study demonstrated the effort, community mobilization, and organizational capacity necessary to achieve these results in a challenging setting. The OCV intervention paved the way for the recent launching of a national cholera vaccination program integrated in a long-term ambitious and comprehensive plan to address Haiti's critical need in water security and sanitation.
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0171
Delivery cost analysis of a reactive mass cholera vaccination campaign: a case study of Shanchol™ vaccine use in Lake Chilwa,...Delivery cost analysis of a reactive mass cholera vaccination campaign: a case study of Shanchol™ vaccine use in Lake Chilwa,...
BMC Infectious Diseases http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcinfectdis/content (Accessed 6 January 2018) Research article Delivery cost analysis of a reactive mass cholera vaccination campaign: a case study of Shanchol™ vaccine use in Lake Chilwa, Malawi Cholera is a diarrheal disease that produces rapid dehydration. The infection is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. Oral cholera vaccine (OCV) has…
https://centerforvaccineethicsandpolicy.net/2018/01/07/delivery-cost-analysis-of-a-reactive-mass-cholera-vaccination-campaign-a-case-study-of-shanchol-vaccine-use-in-lake-chilwa-malawi/
Introduction of Cholera Vaccine in Bangladesh: Impact Evaluation of Cholera Vaccine and Behaviour Change Interventions in...Introduction of Cholera Vaccine in Bangladesh: Impact Evaluation of Cholera Vaccine and Behaviour Change Interventions in...
The purpose of this study is to conduct and evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a mass vaccination program with an inactivated cholera vaccine to
http://adisinsight.springer.com/trials/700197793?error=cookies_not_supported&code=560422f5-4f03-44c7-9f7c-dad19b178c62
Ambition and immunisation: how to end cholera by 2030Ambition and immunisation: how to end cholera by 2030
I can give two: one where we responded to prevent cholera and another where oral cholera vaccine (OCV) was used to contain it. Firstly, in 2014 there was an influx of refugees from South Sudan into the Gambella region of Ethiopia. In Gambella at that time there had been no cholera reported for years, but we knew there was cholera in South Sudan. Together with MSF, WHO and the national health partner (ARRA) we were able to make a strong case for oral cholera vaccination of the refugee population and surrounding host communities. If cholera came it could be contained - we wanted to make sure we were ahead of the curve. Through some good joint advocacy with partners and donors, we were able to get it approved and the Minister of Health supported it. We implemented it, and no cholera cases were reported during that acute emergency. The second example is in Tanzania, where we had a cholera outbreak. This was an emergency in 2015 with refugees coming from Burundi, and we had a cholera outbreak around ...
http://www.vaccineswork.org/ambition-and-immunisation-how-to-end-cholera-by-2030/
WHO approves third cholera vaccine producer | ReutersWHO approves third cholera vaccine producer | Reuters
A third producer of oral cholera vaccine has been approved that is expected to provide 3 million doses in 2016, the World Health Organization said on Friday, doubling the worlds stockpile against a disease that can kill within hours.
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-cholera-who-idUSKBN0UM13V20160108
Preventive Interventions | College of Public Health | Georgia Southern UniversityPreventive Interventions | College of Public Health | Georgia Southern University
A CDC collaborative study including Dr. Isaac Fung (formerly of the CDC), assistant professor of epidemiology at Georgia Southern University Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, examines preventive interventions through modeling the effect of water, sanitation and hygiene, and oral cholera vaccine implementation in Haiti. In 2010, toxigenic Vibrio cholerae was newly introduced to Haiti. Because resources are limited, decision-makers need to understand the effect of different preventive interventions. The team built a static model to estimate the potential number of cholera cases averted through improvements in coverage in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) (i.e., latrines, point-of-use chlorination, and piped water), oral cholera vaccine (OCV), or a combination of both. The authors allowed indirect effects and non-linear relationships between effect and population coverage. Because there are limited incidence data for endemic cholera in Haiti, the authors estimated the incidence of cholera over 20
http://jphcoph.georgiasouthern.edu/blog/2013/11/19/preventive-interventions/
Sanitas Blog: Oral cholera vaccine loaded with GMOs to be tested on babies worldwideSanitas Blog: Oral cholera vaccine loaded with GMOs to be tested on babies worldwide
In a recent application filing with the Australian Government, PaxVax makes plain its intent to administer the live, GM bacteria in both young and old and in every region of the country. Participants will be instructed to literally consume a cocktail of mercury-resistant, GM Shigella flexneri NR1 bacteria derived from the Vibrio cholera bacterial strain, which is recognized as the causative agent of the gastroenteritis disease known as cholera. ...
http://sanitasradio.blogspot.com/2014/01/oral-cholera-vaccine-loaded-with-gmos.html
A Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of the Bivalent Killed Whole Cell Oral Cholera Vaccine in Adults and Children -...A Study to Evaluate Safety and Immunogenicity of the Bivalent Killed Whole Cell Oral Cholera Vaccine in Adults and Children -...
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00760825
Cholera Vaccine (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo ClinicCholera Vaccine (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
Cholera is rare in the U.S. and other areas of the world that have good water and sewage (waste) systems. However, it is a problem in parts of the world that do not have such systems. If you are traveling to cholera-infected areas (eg, developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America) cholera vaccine may help protect you from cholera. It is very important to avoid infected persons and food and water that may be infected, even if you have received the vaccine. This vaccine is to be given only by or under the supervision of a doctor. This product is available in the following dosage forms:. ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/cholera-vaccine-injection-route/description/DRG-20062780
Buy Cholera Vaccines Injection | Wholesaler, Supplier, Distributors, Exporters At Tissuepharma.comBuy Cholera Vaccines Injection | Wholesaler, Supplier, Distributors, Exporters At Tissuepharma.com
Cholera vaccine is used in adults to help prevent cholera. Cholera is a serious disease that can cause death. It is caused by a germ called Vibrio cholerae, and
http://tissuepharma.com/product/cholera-vaccines-injection/
Haiti launches massive cholera vaccination drive but worries remain | ReutersHaiti launches massive cholera vaccination drive but worries remain | Reuters
By Makini Brice | LES CAYES, Haiti LES CAYES, Haiti Haiti has launched a massive cholera vaccination campaign to battle a flare-up after Hurricane Matthew, but concerns remain about the capacity for longer-term improvements to water and sanitation infrastructure needed to eradicate the disease. The cholera campaign, launched on Tuesday in two southern areas hammered by the storm, is aiming to be the worlds largest, targeting 820,000 people, said Ernsly Jackson, an immunization specialist for UNICEF Haiti. Haiti has battled a cholera outbreak that has sickened more than 800,000 people and killed about 9,000 since 2010, when the bacteria was imported into the country by a contingent of United Nations peacekeepers. Although it had proved stubborn to eradicate, cases had declined sharply from a peak in 2010-11. But Hurricane Matthew struck the island in early October, killing up to 1,000 people, leaving about 1.4 million in need of humanitarian assistance and damaging many health facilities.
http://www.firstpost.com/world/haiti-launches-massive-cholera-vaccination-drive-but-worries-remain-reuters-3097794.html
Experts call for U.S. cholera vaccine stockpile | Vaccine NewsExperts call for U.S. cholera vaccine stockpile | Vaccine News
Three health experts have recommended that the United States begin creating a stockpile of cholera vaccines so that they could be rapidly deployed to areas with major cholera outbreaks like the current one in Haiti.
https://vaccinenewsdaily.com/stories/510531483-newsinator-experts-call-for-u-s-cholera-vaccine-stockpile
New Cholera Vaccine for Adult TravelersNew Cholera Vaccine for Adult Travelers
Heres what you need to know for adult patients who are traveling to cholera outbreak areas and who may be candidates for the new cholera vaccine.
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/878238
WHO IRIS: Effectiveness of mass vaccination with WC/rBS cholera vaccine during an epidemic in Adjumani district, Uganda [letter...WHO IRIS: Effectiveness of mass vaccination with WC/rBS cholera vaccine during an epidemic in Adjumani district, Uganda [letter...
Effectiveness of mass vaccination with WC/rBS cholera vaccine during an epidemic in Adjumani district, Uganda [letter] / Fabienne Dorlencourt ... [et al ...
http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/57032
Cholera vaccine | Health24Cholera vaccine | Health24
There are three cholera vaccines available they are safe and effective and licensed in some countries. These vaccines are mainly used by travellers.
https://www.health24.com/Medical/Cholera/Cholera-vaccination/Cholera-vaccine-20120721
WHO Calls For Emergency Stockpile Of Cholera Vaccine | KWITWHO Calls For Emergency Stockpile Of Cholera Vaccine | KWIT
A month ago the results of a successful cholera vaccine project in Haiti became available. Now the World Health Organization is calling for the
http://kwit.org/post/who-calls-emergency-stockpile-cholera-vaccine
WHO Calls For Emergency Stockpile Of Cholera Vaccine | WNCWWHO Calls For Emergency Stockpile Of Cholera Vaccine | WNCW
A month ago the results of a successful cholera vaccine project in Haiti became available. Now the World Health Organization is calling for the
http://wncw.org/post/who-calls-emergency-stockpile-cholera-vaccine
Cholera Vaccine (Professional Patient Advice) - Drugs.comCholera Vaccine (Professional Patient Advice) - Drugs.com
Professional guide for Cholera Vaccine. Includes: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, interactions, adverse reactions and more.
https://www.drugs.com/ppa/cholera-vaccine.html
ResearchResearch
Cholera is an acute dehydrating diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, endemic in over 50 countries, and affecting over 3 million people each year. Currently available oral cholera vaccines have a lower efficacy and shorter duration of protection in young children compared to adults. Funded by the NIAID, and in collaboration with colleagues at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), we are investigating the immune responses of children following both wild type cholera infection and cholera vaccination. We have identified a number of major differences between infection and vaccination, specifically pertaining to memory B cells, memory T cells, innate T cells, antibody avidity, and polysaccharide-specific responses. We are interested in how these factors differ between children and adults, and the impact of host factors, such as malnutrition, micronutrient deficiency, and enteropathy, on these responses. We have recently begun a collaboration with ...
http://www.globalguthealth.org/research/
Comparing alternative cholera vaccination strategies in Maela refugee camp: using a transmission model in public health...Comparing alternative cholera vaccination strategies in Maela refugee camp: using a transmission model in public health...
Cholera is a major public health concern in displaced-person camps, which often contend with overcrowding and scarcity of resources. Maela, the largest and longest-standing refugee camp in Thailand, located along the Thai-Burmese border, experienced four cholera outbreaks between 2005 and 2010. In 2013, a cholera vaccine campaign was implemented in the camp. To assist in the evaluation of the campaign and planning for subsequent campaigns, we developed a mathematical model of cholera in Maela. We formulated a Susceptible-Infectious-Water-Recovered-based transmission model and estimated parameters using incidence data from 2010. We next evaluated the reduction in cases conferred by several immunization strategies, varying timing, effectiveness, and resources (i.e., vaccine availability). After the vaccine campaign, we generated case forecasts for the next year, to inform on-the-ground decision-making regarding whether a booster campaign was needed. We found that preexposure vaccination can substantially
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-019-4688-6
Immunise - 4.1 CholeraImmunise - 4.1 Cholera
Trials of the oral cholera vaccine that contained inactivated whole-cell V. cholerae O1 combined with rCTB have been performed mainly in Bangladesh and Peru.8-14The large randomised controlled trial in Bangladesh included over 120 000 children (aged 2-15 years) and women (aged ,15 years), with up to 5 years follow-up. About 13 000 children and 8 000 women received 3 doses of the study vaccine. When cholera cases in all age groups were aggregated, the protective efficacy of this vaccine (in a 3-dose regimen with inactivated Escherichia coli as control) was 85%, 6 months after the 3rd dose. The protective efficacy decreased to 62% after 1 year, and to 57% after 2 years.8,10 On long-term follow-up (up to 5 years) no significant protective efficacy was observed beyond 2 years.8,14 The efficacy of the vaccine was lower and waned more rapidly in children aged 2-5 years.14 In this age group, while the efficacy was 100% during the first 4-6 months after vaccination, it became non-significant in the ...
http://www.immunise.health.gov.au/internet/immunise/publishing.nsf/Content/Handbook10-home~handbook10part4~handbook10-4-1
cholera - Yahoo Search Resultscholera - Yahoo Search Results
Cholera. Cholera is rare in the United States, but its still common in some other countries. Every year, more than 100,000 people around the world die from cholera. The good news is the cholera vaccine can lower the risk that people traveling to countries with cholera will get the disease. The cholera vaccine is an oral (swallowed ...
https://search.yahoo.com/mobile/s?p=cholera&ei=UTF-8&_tsrc=apple&fr2=time&age=1d&btf=d
Search | The Global Alliance Against Cholera (G.A.A.C)Search | The Global Alliance Against Cholera (G.A.A.C)
Summary/Abstract: This paper describes the costing of oral cholera vaccine introduction in low and middle-income countries using a publicly available Excel-based tool known as the CholTool. It includes estimates of delivery cost categories which cover not only the service delivery costs (e.g. vaccine procurement, handling, storage, and transport; vaccination administration, monitoring supervision, and field support), but also the programmatic costs associated with introducing a new vaccine (i.e. microplanning, communication and training materials development, sensitization/social mobilization, and personnel training) to ensure that a comprehensive estimate is provided with health payer perspective. CholTool takes the user through a structured sequence of interlinked modules containing input parameter cells (assumptions), decision cells (variable selections), and formulas (calculations) to produce customized cost estimates based on standardized methods. The tool provides both financial and ...
https://www.choleraalliance.org/en/search?tag=Ecology%7COutbreak%20response%7CVaccine%7CThailand
Search | The Global Alliance Against Cholera (G.A.A.C)Search | The Global Alliance Against Cholera (G.A.A.C)
Summary/Abstract: This paper describes the costing of oral cholera vaccine introduction in low and middle-income countries using a publicly available Excel-based tool known as the CholTool. It includes estimates of delivery cost categories which cover not only the service delivery costs (e.g. vaccine procurement, handling, storage, and transport; vaccination administration, monitoring supervision, and field support), but also the programmatic costs associated with introducing a new vaccine (i.e. microplanning, communication and training materials development, sensitization/social mobilization, and personnel training) to ensure that a comprehensive estimate is provided with health payer perspective. CholTool takes the user through a structured sequence of interlinked modules containing input parameter cells (assumptions), decision cells (variable selections), and formulas (calculations) to produce customized cost estimates based on standardized methods. The tool provides both financial and ...
https://www.choleraalliance.org/en/search?tag=Ecology%7COutbreak%20response%7CVaccine%7CAntibiotics
NEWS SCAN: Non-O157 E coli tests, cholera vaccination in Haiti, HFMD in SE Asia, C diff reporting, RSV vaccine trials | CIDRAPNEWS SCAN: Non-O157 E coli tests, cholera vaccination in Haiti, HFMD in SE Asia, C diff reporting, RSV vaccine trials | CIDRAP
A pilot program to vaccinate 100,000 Haitians against cholera this past spring reached almost 90% of the target population with the full two-dose regimen, National Public Radio (NPR) reported yesterday. The effort far surpassed the predictions of skeptics who had said that it would be lucky to vaccinate 60% of the target groups, according to the story. The nonprofit medical groups that sponsored the project-GHESKIO and Partners in Health-presented the results Jul 16 to Haitis health minister, Florence Guillaume, MD. The two groups said the success of the program has done much to counter doubts about vaccination as part of the strategy for fighting cholera in Haiti, which has had about 560,000 cases and 7,300 deaths since the fall of 2010. The government previously opposed vaccination, saying resources should be used to treat the sick and improve water and sanitation. But Jean William Pape, MD, of GHESKIO told NPR, The minister of health is convinced that, based on these results, at-risk ...
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2012/07/news-scan-non-o157-e-coli-tests-cholera-vaccination-haiti-hfmd-se-asia-c
Bangladesh to hold massive cholera vaccine trialBangladesh to hold massive cholera vaccine trial
The study will determine whether the drug is rolled out in a state-backed mass vaccination, with the results likely to spark interest from other poor countries such as Haiti, where a recent cholera epidemic has killed over 4,000 ...
http://beinghealthyhomeandaway.blogspot.com/2011/03/bangladesh-to-hold-massive-cholera.html
Jan Holmgren - Immunization AdvocatesJan Holmgren - Immunization Advocates
Jan Holmgren, M.D., Ph.D., developed the worlds first effective oral cholera vaccine, and has continued to make significant contributions to the field through his pioneering research on truly affordable and practical oral vaccines and mucosal immunology. Dr. Holmgren has published more than 600 papers in the fields of microbiology, immunology and vaccinology.. ...
https://www.immunizationadvocates.org/experts/jan-holmgren
Cholera Vaccine And Sustainable Sanitation - Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing CommunitiesCholera Vaccine And Sustainable Sanitation - Mortenson Center in Engineering for Developing Communities
At The Mortenson Center blog, we are pleased to continue our series of posts by students of the Center. Cholera is a waterborne illness that is mainly caused by poor sanitary conditions that expose individuals to the bacterium vibrio cholerae. In many rural parts of the world, flooding at the start of the rainy season…
https://mcedccu.wordpress.com/2013/12/09/cholera-vaccine-and-sustainable-sanitation/
Staving off disease in Rohingya refugee camps | Reuters.comStaving off disease in Rohingya refugee camps | Reuters.com
A Rohingya refugee boy who crossed the border from Myanmar a day before, gets an oral cholera vaccine, distributed by UNICEF workers as he waits to receive permission from the Bangladeshi army to cont
https://in.reuters.com/news/picture/staving-off-disease-in-rohingya-refugee-idINRTS1G3MA
In Haiti, Bureaucratic Delays Stall Mass Cholera Vaccinations : Shots - Health News : NPRIn Haiti, Bureaucratic Delays Stall Mass Cholera Vaccinations : Shots - Health News : NPR
Cholera has killed nearly 7,000 Haitians since October 2010 and sickened well over a half-million. A program to vaccinate 100,000 Haitians was supposed to have kicked off by now - before the spring rains once again help spread the disease. But the campaign is bogged down in red tape.
https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/03/27/149403215/in-haiti-bureaucratic-delays-stall-mass-cholera-vaccinations/
Cholera Vaccine (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo ClinicCholera Vaccine (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are receiving this vaccine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.. Receiving this vaccine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.. ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/cholera-vaccine-injection-route/description/drg-20062780?p=1
Cholera vaccine adverse reactionsCholera vaccine adverse reactions
Colucci DAmato FC, Feis P. [Psychiatric complications due to anticholera vaccination with reference to 2 clinical cases].Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1974 Sep-Oct;29(5):534-6. Italian. No abstract available.PMID: 4451169; UI: ...
http://www.whale.to/vaccines/cholera.html
CN2001001188 SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE HOG CHOLERA VACCINE AND METHOD PRODUCING ITCN2001001188 SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE HOG CHOLERA VACCINE AND METHOD PRODUCING IT
This patent search tool allows you not only to search the PCT database of about 2 million International Applications but also the worldwide patent collections. This search facility features: flexible search syntax; automatic word stemming and relevance ranking; as well as graphical results.
https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2002032453
Powering Health - Study suggests effectiveness of cholera vaccination in HaitiPowering Health - Study suggests effectiveness of cholera vaccination in Haiti
A new study by the University of Florida suggests that a vaccination campaign could prove a valuable tool in quelling the spread of the disease.
http://www.poweringhealth.org/index.php/community/stories/item/304-study-suggests-effectiveness-of-cholera-vaccination-in-haiti
AhlulBayt News Agency - ABNA - Shia NewsAhlulBayt News Agency - ABNA - Shia News
Mass cholera vaccinations in Rohingyas refugee camps (AhlulBayt News Agency) - Amid fears of an outbreak among nearly a million Rohingya now living in the vast refugee camps of southeast Bangladesh, the United Nations launched one of its biggest ever cholera vaccination drives Tuesday.
http://en.abna24.com/news/east-asia/mass-cholera-vaccinations-in-rohingyas-refugee-camps_859785.html
Building community sector in Haiti key to controlling cholera up The U.Building community sector in Haiti key to controlling cholera up The U.
Building community sector in Haiti key to controlling cholera up The U.N. Ramping up manufacturing of the cholera vaccine - - of which there are less than 400
http://ikorti-iao.org/physiotherapy/building-community-sector-in-haiti-key-to-controlling-cholera-up-the-u/
DiseasesDiseases
During the days of late Sarvodayam Kurian, it was difficult to contain the epidemic due to limited medical care access. Kurian initiated the free cholera vaccine scheme through the support of Government Health Department. With help of several youth from the Island, Kurian educated the public on the need of taking the preventive vaccination. They used to visit all major junctions of the Island and announce the place, date and the time when free vaccine would be provided. Punctually arriving on his bicycle, Kurian would supervise the vaccination of thousands of Islanders. This immensely helped control the epidemic and save several lives.. During the time of cholera epidemic, especially in 1964 and 1982, the unfortunate victims were left with hardly any health care as there were only three primary health centres for a few million inhabitants. People died like flies. Even family members were afraid of burying their diseased for fear of contracting deadly cholera. Kurian would pick up the dead body ...
http://sarvodayamkurian.com/?p=57
Moderator - Prof. A. M. Mehendale - ppt downloadModerator - Prof. A. M. Mehendale - ppt download
Framework: List of newer vaccines: Introduction Immunization Vaccine Development of vaccines Need for new vaccines Regulation & testing of vaccines List of newer vaccines: HPV Malaria Pandemic -influenza A (H1N1) Rotavirus Cholera vaccine Meningococcal Japanese encephalitis Yellow fever Hepatitis A&B Varicella Haemophilus Influenza B Pneumococcal HIV vaccine
http://slideplayer.com/slide/4053849/
CDC Vaccine Information Statements Update | VEARSCDC Vaccine Information Statements Update | VEARS
Having trouble viewing this email? View it as a Web page. You are subscribed to CDCs Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) email subscription service. This message serves to notify you that a vaccine information statement for the new Cholera vaccine has recently been created and is now available. The CDC has reached over 1.3 million subscribers.…
https://vears.wordpress.com/2017/07/11/cdc-vaccine-information-statements-update-42/
Xpert search results for Career skills%2Xpert search results for Career skills%2
Water Lecture Series John Mekalanos discusses the biology of cholera, driven by his investigations on the molecular genetics of the causative bacterial organism. With his many colleagues in Bangladesh, Haiti, and elsewhere, he has provided strong evidence for how this organism emerged as a human pathogen and has recently become more pathogenic, as well as for why epidemics begin and end so abruptly. He applied this knowledge to the construction of genetically stable cholera vaccines that have b ...
https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/xpert/scoreresults.php?keywords=Career%20skills%252&start=11000&end=11020
Hog cholera vaccines | definition of hog cholera vaccines by Medical dictionaryHog cholera vaccines | definition of hog cholera vaccines by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of hog cholera vaccines in the Medical Dictionary? hog cholera vaccines explanation free. What is hog cholera vaccines? Meaning of hog cholera vaccines medical term. What does hog cholera vaccines mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/hog+cholera+vaccines
Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit activates dendritic cells...Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit activates dendritic cells...
Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit activates dendritic cells and enhances antitumor immunity.: Activation of dendritic cells (DC) is crucial for priming of cyt
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/recombinant-cholera-toxin-b-subunit-activates-dendritic-cells-enhances-antitumor-immunity-36bf36c2
Haiti Red Cross volunteers prepare for cholera vaccination campaign - IFRCHaiti Red Cross volunteers prepare for cholera vaccination campaign - IFRC
Ahead of a large-scale cholera vaccination campaign to begin in Haiti next week, some 350 Red Cross volunteers are getting trained and ready to participate.
http://www.ifrc.org/fr/nouvelles/nouvelles/americas/haiti/haiti-red-cross-volunteers-prepare-for-cholera-vaccination-campaign--73658/
Typhoid vaccine, Vivotif, acquired by PaxVax - Outbreak News TodayTyphoid vaccine, Vivotif, acquired by PaxVax - Outbreak News Today
Typhoid is one of the most commonly delivered travel vaccines, and this strategic transaction establishes PaxVax as an important supplier globally. The manufacturing and sales channel for Vivotif is highly complementary to those for our cholera vaccine candidate, currently finishing Phase 3 clinical trials, and the site and production assets we are acquiring lay a strong foundation for further growth, said Kenneth Kelley, Chief Executive Officer of PaxVax. We are delighted to welcome our new Swiss colleagues and a site with such long standing heritage in vaccines to the PaxVax team. Their work will be central to helping us build and commercialize a world-class portfolio of specialty vaccines.. Through this acquisition, PaxVax assumes manufacturing, sales, regulatory and distribution responsibilities related to the global supply of Vivotif including approximately 80 employees worldwide. Vivotif was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1989 and is currently approved for ...
http://outbreaknewstoday.com/typhoid-vaccine-vivotif-acquired-by-paxvax-49023/
WHO Supporting Cholera Vaccination Of 1M People In Zambia; Government Closes Passport Office, Bans Street Vending To Counter...WHO Supporting Cholera Vaccination Of 1M People In Zambia; Government Closes Passport Office, Bans Street Vending To Counter...
Zambia has closed its main passport offices in the capital, a hub which is always thronged with people, as part of measures to curb the spread of cholera which is sweeping the country, the government said. Street vending and public gatherings have also been banned in Lusaka to counter the disease, which has killed 67 people since September, 62 of them in the capital alone… (Mfula, 1/10).. Xinhua News: Zambia records 95 new cholera ...
https://www.kff.org/news-summary/who-supporting-cholera-vaccination-of-1m-people-in-zambia-government-closes-passport-office-bans-street-vending-to-counter-outbreak/
The Contribution of Accessory Toxins of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor to the Proinflammatory Response in a Murine Pulmonary Cholera...The Contribution of Accessory Toxins of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor to the Proinflammatory Response in a Murine Pulmonary Cholera...
Innate immune responses to V. cholerae infection have not been intensely studied in part due to the absence of a murine model for pathogenesis. The suckling mouse model has proven useful for the study of bacterial colonization and regulation of virulence factors (37). However, these 5-6-d-old mice do not have immune systems sufficiently developed for study of immunomodulation. Adult germ-free mouse models have been useful for evaluation of immunogenic potential of oral V. cholerae vaccine strains even though colonization may not occur (38), yet neither of these models is applicable for study of acute inflammatory responses. In this study, we report the use of a novel mouse model conceptually adapted from the studies of S. flexneri (30-32) and technically based on previous studies with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (39). We have demonstrated that V. cholerae can infect the lung of BALB/c mice leading to the development of inflammation.. The identity of the reactogenicity factor of V. cholerae vaccine ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/195/11/1455
Can I Give Cholera Vaccine? | PediatricEducation.org™Can I Give Cholera Vaccine? | PediatricEducation.org™
Patient Presentation A 17-year-old male came to clinic for travel immunizations before a medical mission to Haiti for 2 weeks. His father was a health care provider and had traveled to Haiti on two previous trips, but this trip was to spend more time in more rural locations. His father had been to the travel…
https://pediatriceducation.org/can-i-give-cholera-vaccine/
Can I Give Cholera Vaccine? | PediatricEducation.org™Can I Give Cholera Vaccine? | PediatricEducation.org™
Patient Presentation A 17-year-old male came to clinic for travel immunizations before a medical mission to Haiti for 2 weeks. His father was a health care provider and had traveled to Haiti on two previous trips, but this trip was to spend more time in more rural locations. His father had been to the travel…
https://pediatriceducation.org/2017/11/27/can-i-give-cholera-vaccine/
amyzee1amyzee1
Indeed, there are no drugs currently which can specifically block the cholera toxin, and so even in economically advanced countries, recovery is only ensued by oral-rehydration therapy. Nevertheless there are a multitude of clinical trials being carried out in cholera-affected areas. To find out about specific clinical trials visit: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cholera/Pages/Clinical-trial.aspx?&Condition=Cholera&pn=1&CT=0&Rec=0 .. In conclusion, always check to see if you are travelling to a cholera-affected area to ensure you take the necessary precautions. A cholera vaccine is administered as a drink and it lasts for 2 years. While in the affected area you should also avoid ice cream and any ice in drinks, ensure you drink bottled water, avoid uncooked food unless you have washed it yourself and avoid seafood. While making sure that your health is protected from cholera, we also need to support those who are disadvantaged from such privileges. The most recent severe outbreak of cholera was in ...
http://medblog.medlink-uk.net/amydoc1/
dermatology | Eat In Charles Towndermatology | Eat In Charles Town
CNN reports on recent uptick in cholera cases worldwide CNNs the chart blog page examines the rising number of cholera cases around the world. As well as the cholera outbreak in Haiti, [a]s of this month, four African nations - Nigeria, Cameroon, Niger and Chad - possess reported a lot more than 40,000 instances of cholera and more than 2,000 deaths. Although WHO estimates there are three to five 5 million reported cholera cases and 100,000 to 120,000 deaths each year, [g]lobally, the real number of cholera cases reported to WHO continues to go up. From 2004 to 2008, cases increased by 24 % compared with the period from 2000 to 2004, according to the organization. WHO points to unclean water sources as the main source of cholera outbreaks, but also mentioned the rise in cholera instances might be due to a fresh group of variant strains detected in a number of elements of Asia and Africa. Continue reading As well as the cholera outbreak in Haiti.. ...
http://www.eatincharlestown.com/category/dermatology
Sebelius To Lend Support To Vaccination Projects In Haiti | Georgia Public BroadcastingSebelius To Lend Support To Vaccination Projects In Haiti | Georgia Public Broadcasting
Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius is in Haiti today to support two big vaccination initiatives.. One, a pilot project to prevent cholera, is already under way. The other, aimed at five childhood diseases, is set to begin later this week against .. The wider campaign aims to vaccinate 211,000 infants across the country with a five-in-one vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, hepatitis B and Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type B, a cause of bacterial meningitis). Children will also get polio vaccine.. Sebeliuss personal support of the cholera campaign is surprising, since U.S. health officials have reportedly been cool to that pilot project behind the scenes.. According to Haitian health workers, American officials have expressed skepticism about the plan vaccinate 100,000 Haitians against cholera. They say U.S. officials have viewed the cholera vaccination pilot project as a distraction, and have urged Haitians to focus instead on cleaning up their water supply, ...
http://www.gpb.org/news/2012/04/17/sebelius-to-lend-support-to-vaccination-projects-in-haiti
Travel Vaccinations for Pakistan - Superdrug Health ClinicTravel Vaccinations for Pakistan - Superdrug Health Clinic
Like hepatitis A and typhoid, cholera is a food- and waterborne disease and you need to practise good food hygiene to reduce your risk of cholera. The cholera vaccine may be relevant for travellers going to rural areas as well as areas with poor sanitation. Your nurse or pharmacist will assess your cholera risk based on where youre travelling to as well as the activities you have planned and make a recommendation as to whether you should have the vaccine.. ...
https://healthclinics.superdrug.com/travel-vaccinations/pakistan-2/
Celebrating Infectious Disease Heroes: Myron M. Levine, MD - National Foundation for Infectious DiseasesCelebrating Infectious Disease Heroes: Myron M. Levine, MD - National Foundation for Infectious Diseases
Ironically, for someone who has spent his entire adult life working on global infectious diseases that afflict populations in developing countries, prior to age sixteen, the farthest that he had traveled from his birthplace in New York City was to visit his mothers relatives in Baltimore, MD and Richmond, VA. Yet as a child, he voraciously read books on the history of Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America and was jokingly called a walking atlas because of his extraordinarily detailed knowledge of world geography.. Dr. Levine led the team that created the first single dose vaccine against cholera. The World Health Organization estimates there are between 1.3 and 4 million cases of cholera each year, resulting in 21,000 to 143,000 deaths worldwide. After being fast-tracked for approval by the US Food and Drug Administration, the cholera vaccine was approved in the US in 2016, as an important tool in the fight against this deadly disease.. Mike Levine has also been at the forefront of ...
https://www.nfid.org/2017/04/28/celebrating-infectious-disease-heroes-levine/?replytocom=115
Harris & LaRocque LaboratoryHarris & LaRocque Laboratory
The Jason Harris, MD, MPH and Regina LaRocque, MD, MPH Laboratory is focused on host-pathogen interactions and the innate and adaptive immune response to Vibrio cholerae, cholera vaccines, and in the area of susceptibility to cholera.
https://www.massgeneral.org/medicine/infectious-diseases/research-and-initiatives/harris-and-larocque-laboratory/
60pct of Cholera Cases Can Be Averted With Oral Vaccine60pct of Cholera Cases Can Be Averted With Oral Vaccine
A new study has found that oral vaccines could prevent up to 60 percent of cholera cases in the first two years after vaccination.
http://www.medindia.net/news/60pct-of-Cholera-Cases-Can-Be-Averted-With-Oral-Vaccine-82423-1.htm
Cholera cases in Moroto reach 100 markCholera cases in Moroto reach 100 mark
Cholera cases are surging in Moroto despite Health Ministry and WHO efforts to curb the spread. Moroto, Uganda | THE INDEPENDENT | The number of cholera c
https://theworldnews.net/ug-news/cholera-cases-in-moroto-reach-100-mark
Cholera Infection Causes Symptoms Treatment & Help for AndroidCholera Infection Causes Symptoms Treatment & Help for Android
Download Cholera Infection Causes Symptoms Treatment & Help. In this app we have compiled complete information of causes symptoms treatment of cholera, which is a disease caused by bacteria that produce a watery diarrhea that can rapidly lead to dehydration.symptoms...
http://www.androidblip.com/android-apps/com.OneLife2Care.CholeraHelp.html
enQuireBio™ Recombinant B. abortus vjbR Protein 100μg enQuireBio™ Recombinant B. abortus vjbR Protein | Fisher ScientificenQuireBio™ Recombinant B. abortus vjbR Protein 100μg enQuireBio™ Recombinant B. abortus vjbR Protein | Fisher Scientific
Shop a large selection of Proteins A-Z products and learn more about enQuireBio™ Recombinant B. abortus vjbR Protein 100μg enQuireBio™ Recombinant
https://www.fishersci.nl/shop/products/recombinant-b-abortus-vjbr-protein-2/16029980
anti-Cholera Toxin B subunit antibody [7954] | GeneTexanti-Cholera Toxin B subunit antibody [7954] | GeneTex
Cholera Toxin B subunit antibody [7954] for ELISA. Anti-Cholera Toxin B subunit mAb (GTX36671) is tested in Bacteria samples. 100% Ab-Assurance.
http://www.genetex.com/Cholera-Toxin-B-subunit-antibody-7954-GTX36671.html
Optimizing HIV Env immuogens for T and B cell vaccine responses - Drew WeissmanOptimizing HIV Env immuogens for T and B cell vaccine responses - Drew Weissman
A push to perform more basic studies has emerged in the HIV vaccine field given the often poor results in vaccine trails. As HIV is an immunosuppressive virus a...
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-AI090788-03
Sublingual oral tolerance induction with antigen conjugated...Sublingual oral tolerance induction with antigen conjugated...
Sublingual oral tolerance induction with antigen conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit generates regulatory T cells that induce apoptosis and depletion of eff
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/sublingual-oral-tolerance-induction-antigen-conjugated-cholera-toxin-b-subunit-generates-regulatory-t-cells-induce-apop-1857b09e
Nutrients & Supplements | HGR Garden SupplyNutrients & Supplements | HGR Garden Supply
HGR Garden Supply is an online indoor garden store that offers unbeatable prices and up-to-date items! As soon as a product comes out - if its worth it - HGR gets it!
http://hgrgardensupply.com/product-category/nutrients-supplements/
Grow Scoop | HGR Garden SupplyGrow Scoop | HGR Garden Supply
HGR Garden Supply is an online indoor garden store that offers unbeatable prices and up-to-date items! As soon as a product comes out - if its worth it - HGR gets it!
http://hgrgardensupply.com/grow-scoop/
AmpicillinAmpicillin
Both the live cholera vaccine and live typhoid vaccine can be made ineffective if given with ampicillin. Ampicillin is normally ... "Drug interactions between ampicillin and cholera vaccine, live". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. ... "Drug interactions between ampicillin and typhoid vaccine, live". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. ... Handa, Sajeev (22 June 2017). "Cholera Medication". Medscape. Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 23 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampicillin
Economic importance of bacteriaEconomic importance of bacteria
"Cholera vaccines: WHO position paper" (PDF). Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. 85 (13): 117-128. March 26, 2010. PMID 20349546. Archived ( ... Bacteria can also be used to create vaccines to prevent several diseases. Some bacteria are harmful and act either as disease- ... cholera) and chronic infections (e.g. tuberculosis). Plant diseases caused by bacteria are commercially important worldwide for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_importance_of_bacteria
Hilleman LaboratoriesHilleman Laboratories
This low-cost vaccine option will be most suited for regions with highest cholera cases such as Africa and South Asia. Hilleman ... "Hilleman Labs rotavirus and cholera vaccines enter phase I/II clinical trial". livemint.com. Retrieved 30 September 2016. " ... "Indian firm develops inexpensive cholera vaccine". wsj.com. Retrieved 30 September 2016. "Hilleman Laboratories to develop next ... The firm's focus is to heat stabilize the existing vaccine and bring it to vaccine vial monitor (VVM) 30 levels and higher. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilleman_Laboratories
Valneva SEValneva SE
... a vaccine against Japanese encephalitis (approved in Europe, America and Australia)[2] and Dukoral, a vaccine against cholera ( ... "Dukoral, cholera vaccine (inactivated, oral)". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 2009-04-30. Retrieved 2017-04-25.. ... a therapeutic vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus (in collaboration with Merck),[5] and IC41, therapeutic vaccine against ... "Intercell Hepatitis C Vaccine Meets Primary Endpoints". FDA News. 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2008-08-15.. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valneva_SE
GastroenteritisGastroenteritis
The first dose of vaccine should be given to infants between 6 and 15 weeks of age.[25] The oral cholera vaccine has been found ... "Oral vaccines for preventing cholera". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3): CD008603. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008603. ... There are a number of vaccines against gastroenteritis in development. For example, vaccines against Shigella and ... Two commercial rotavirus vaccines exist and several more are in development.[44] In Africa and Asia these vaccines reduced ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteritis
WHO Model List of Essential MedicinesWHO Model List of Essential Medicines
Cholera vaccine[note 81]. *Dengue vaccine[note 81]. *Hepatitis A vaccine[note 81] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_World_Health_Organization_Essential_Medicines
List of Ukrainian JewsList of Ukrainian Jews
Lutzkerand, Edythe; Carol Jochnowitz (1987). "Waldemar Haffkine: Pioneer of Cholera w 7 l vaccine" (PDF). 53 (7). American ... developed vaccine against cholera and plague Boris Hessen, physicist Abram Ioffe, nuclear scientist Isaak Markovich Khalatnikov ... prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India" (PDF). Journal of Medical Biography. SAGE ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Ukrainian_Jews
Abram Salmon BenensonAbram Salmon Benenson
... cholera, vaccines, and biological warfare was utilized to make public health policy decisions at both state and federal levels ... Cholera Research Laboratory in Dacca, Bangladesh, and of the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory in Panama. He retired from the military ... cholera, and laboratory technology. He subsequently held academic positions at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, ... the development of the jet injector for vaccines and of oral rehydration for the victims of debilitating diarrhea; AIDS, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram_Salmon_Benenson
BenznidazoleBenznidazole
Product Information: VAXCHORA(TM) oral suspension, cholera vaccine live oral suspension. PaxVax Inc (per manufacturer), Redwood ... use is not recommended within 14 days of receiving a live cholera vaccine. Alcohol consumption can cause a disulfiram like ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benznidazole
November 1964 Vietnam floodsNovember 1964 Vietnam floods
Vaccines for the plague, typhoid, and typhus were sent to central Vietnam to thwart potential epidemics. A few cases of cholera ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_1964_Vietnam_floods
Travelers diarrheaTraveler's diarrhea
The oral cholera vaccine, while effective for prevention of cholera, is of questionable use for prevention of TD.[6] A 2008 ... The oral cholera vaccine, while effective for cholera, is of questionable use for traveler's diarrhea.[6] Preventive ... Jelinek T, Kollaritsch H (2008). "Vaccination with Dukoral against travelers' diarrhea (ETEC) and cholera". Expert Rev Vaccines ... Blood or mucus in the diarrhea, significant abdominal pain, or high fever suggests a more serious cause, such as cholera, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montezuma's_Revenge_
Ratanakiri ProvinceRatanakiri Province
Malaria, tuberculosis, intestinal parasites, cholera, diarrhea, and vaccine-preventable diseases are endemic. Ratanakiri has ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratanakiri_Province
Charles Scott SherringtonCharles Scott Sherrington
A case of asiatic cholera had broken out in Spain in 1885. A Spanish doctor claimed to have produced a vaccine to fight the ... In 1886, Sherrington went to Italy to again investigate a cholera outbreak. While in Italy, Sherrington spent much time in art ... Later that year Sherrington travelled to Rudolf Virchow in Berlin to inspect the cholera specimens he procured in Spain. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington
Heinrich HetschHeinrich Hetsch
He was noted especially for his research on cholera and typhus vaccines. "Hetsch, Heinrich," in Neue Deutsche Biographie, 1972 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Hetsch
Malaysia-Vietnam relationsMalaysia-Vietnam relations
... cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia–Vietnam_relations
CSL BehringCSL Behring
In 1913, Behringwerke expanded to produce a gas gangrene antiserum and a cholera vaccine. In 1916, the Commonwealth Serum ... In 1954, Australian CSL officer Val Bazeley assisted Jonas Salk with the production of the experimental polio vaccine used in ... Bazeley returned to Australia to set up production of the Salk vaccine at CSL. In 1981, Behringwerke introduced Haemate, human ... established in Australia in 1916 to provide vaccines to the people of Australia, as well as other companies acquired since 2004 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSL_Behring
List of wars involving ThailandList of wars involving Thailand
... cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Thailand
Animal vaccinationAnimal vaccination
The first animal vaccine invented was for chicken cholera in 1879 by Louis Pasteur. The production of such vaccines encounter ... and then one of three types of vaccines is produced (DNA vaccines, Subunit vaccines, Vectored vaccines). DNA vaccines induce ... Vectored vaccines is another next generation vaccine. This type of vaccine uses a vector to deliver either one or multiple ... Vaccines are categorised into conventional and next generation vaccines. Animal vaccines have been found to be the most cost ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_vaccination
EndiyurEndiyur
The hospital is open in the day times, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Polio drops, Malaria Vaccine, Cholera Vaccine etc., are provided ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endiyur
Health in CambodiaHealth in Cambodia
Malaria, tuberculosis, intestinal parasites, cholera, diarrhea, and vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles are endemic. ... World Health Organization (WHO) (2013b). "WHO vaccine-preventable diseases: monitoring system. 2013 global summary". Geneva: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Cambodia
Ira LonginiIra Longini
Longini investigated how infectious diseases such as influenza, cholera, typhoid and dengue could be controlled with vaccines. ... Controlling endemic cholera with oral vaccines. Public Library of Science (PloS), Medicine 4 (11) 2007: e336 doi:10.1371/ ... He designs and analyses vaccine and infectious disease prevention trials and observational studies. He has worked on the ... He has designed, analysed and interpreted vaccine studies for many of these infectious diseases, taking into account the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira_Longini
Health in YemenHealth in Yemen
UNICEF has made a huge effort in fighting the war against the cholera epidemic with major efforts of providing vaccines help ... Cholera can be found throughout a majority of Yemen, mostly concentrated in the cities closest to water. Cholera currently ... Cholera is caused by lack of clean water, according to WHO 19.3 million Yemenis lack access to clean water and sanitation. In ... Subsequently, the ongoing cholera outbreak caused the death toll of children to rise. As of 2018, more than 20 million Yemeni ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Yemen
U.Sudan Peace & Development FoundationU.Sudan Peace & Development Foundation
HBH provides children with vaccines and cures for epidemic and endemic diseases like Tuberculosis, Malaria, Cholera, Ebola, etc ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.Sudan_Peace_&_Development_Foundation
Asian Leadership ConferenceAsian Leadership Conference
One percent of registration fees were to be donated to the International Vaccine Institute to help treat cholera. The agenda ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Leadership_Conference
Science and technology in IsraelScience and technology in Israel
The station manufactured vaccines against typhus and cholera, and developed methods of pest control to eliminate field mice. ... The Pasteur Institute affiliated with the station developed a rabies vaccine. Departments for microbiology, biochemistry, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Israel
Donka HospitalDonka Hospital
The cost of a measles vaccine is as low as US$1. Since many Guineans do not have enough money to pay for the blood test, they ... New patients must first be tested for life-threatening illnesses such as tuberculosis, AIDS, cholera, malaria and cancer. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donka_Hospital
Margaret PittmanMargaret Pittman
... she demonstrated that the potency assay of the cholera vaccine was directly related to the effectiveness of the vaccine. ... In the 1960s she was a key NIH participant in developing standards for cholera vaccine in the Southeast Asia Treaty ... Pittman also served as a consultant to the World Health Organization in formulating the WHO requirement for cholera vaccine. ... This research permitted the development of an antiserum and later a vaccine known as Hib against the meningitis caused by one ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Pittman
Polio in PakistanPolio in Pakistan
While the new vaccine is pricier than the traditional oral polio vaccine (OPV) and requires that a doctor or nurse administer ... In addition to cases of dengue fever, cholera, and measles, the WHO reported an upsurge in cases of polio. By November 2010, ... As a consequence of the climate in South Asia, sometimes ten or more doses of the vaccine need to be administered, each a month ... Some clerics have also denounced the vaccines. There is also a myth prevalent in many of the areas with low literacy rates that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polio_in_Pakistan
DiarrheaDiarrhea
Oral cholera vaccines in mass immunization campaigns (PDF). WHO. 2010. pp. 6-8. ISBN 978 92 4 150043 2. Archived (PDF) from the ... A rotavirus vaccine decrease the rates of diarrhea in a population.[1] New vaccines against rotavirus, Shigella, ... a Cholera vaccine showed a strong reduction in morbidity and mortality, though the overall impact of vaccination was minimal as ... a b c Community Health Worker Training Materials for Cholera Prevention and Control Archived 20 October 2011 at the Wayback ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretory_diarrhea
Nikolay GamaleyaNikolay Gamaleya
Gamaleya's proposal for using killed bacilli in anti-cholera vaccines was later successfully applied on a wide scale as well. ... was a Russian and Soviet physician and scientist who played a pioneering role in microbiology and vaccine research. Gamaleya ... and preparing anthrax vaccines. The Odessa Bacteriological Institute became Russia's first-ever bacteriological observation ... After defending his 1892 dissertation on the etiology of cholera (published in 1893), Gamaleya served as director of the Odessa ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Gamaleya
EbolaEbola
Vaccines. Main article: Ebola vaccine. An Ebola vaccine, rVSV-ZEBOV, was approved in the United States in December 2019.[8] It ... Malaria, cholera, typhoid fever, meningitis, other viral haemorrhagic fevers[1]. Prevention. Coordinated medical services, ... The DRC Ministry of Public Health approved the use of an experimental vaccine.[207][208][209] On 13 May 2018, WHO Director- ... "First FDA-approved vaccine for the prevention of Ebola virus disease, marking a critical milestone in public health ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease
Fowl choleraFowl cholera
... his chicken with some cold vaccine to come home to find it dead he realise then the potential opportunaty to make a new vaccine ... Fowl cholera is also called avian cholera, avian pasteurellosis, avian hemorrhagic septicemia. [1] ... Epizootiology of Avian Cholera in Wildfowl. Journal of Wildlife Diseases. Chicken Cholera was Observed by Louis pasteur by luck ... Fowl cholera in the Merck Veterinary Manual. References[edit]. *^ K.R. Rhoades and R.B. Rimler, Avian pasteurellosis, in " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_hemorrhagic_septicemia
Bengal famine of 1943Bengal famine of 1943
Cholera was a major source of famine-caused deaths in 1943 (24%) but dropped to a negligible percentage (1%) the next year. ... A similar smallpox vaccine campaign started later and was pursued less effectively;[229] smallpox deaths peaked in April 1944.[ ... Cholera, dysentery and other water-borne diseases flourished. 527,000 houses and 1,900 schools were lost. Over 1000 square ... Deaths from dysentery and diarrhea peaked in December 1943, the same month as for malaria.[224] Cholera deaths peaked in ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943
Artificial induction of immunityArtificial induction of immunity
Vaccines - a Biography edited by Andrew W. Artenstein ISBN 978-1-4419-1107-0[page needed] ... Use of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (Report). Centers for Disease ... Main articles: Smallpox vaccine and Edward Jenner. In 1796, Edward Jenner, a doctor and scientist who had practiced variolation ... He then derived a vaccine by altering the infectious agent so as to make it harmless and then introducing this inactivated form ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_induction_of_immunity
Pasteur InstitutePasteur Institute
In 1985, the first human vaccine obtained by genetic engineering from animal cells, the vaccine against hepatitis B, was ... using the cholera vibrio, discovered ten years before by Robert Koch, as an antigen, Richard F. J. Pfeiffer introduced it in ... Chantemesse's typhoid vaccineEdit. During the summer of 1900, the extremely hot weather and scarcity of the water supply in ... Vaccines and Diagnostic ProductsEdit. Production and marketing of diagnostic tests developed in the Institute laboratories are ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteur_Institute
Urinary tract infectionUrinary tract infection
Magistro, G; Stief, CG (6 August 2018). "Vaccine Development for Urinary Tract Infections: Where Do We Stand?". European ... Huttner, A; Gambillara, V (24 May 2018). "The development and early clinical testing of the ExPEC4V conjugate vaccine against ... A number of vaccines are in development as of 2018.[56][57] ... Cholera. *Vibrio vulnificus. *Vibrio parahaemolyticus. *Vibrio ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_Tract_Infections
Medical microbiologyMedical microbiology
Following on from this, in 1857 Louis Pasteur also designed vaccines against several diseases such as anthrax, fowl cholera and ... The same principles are used for developing vaccines today. ... caused a rapid change the development of vaccines, medical ... these include synthetic insulin which was produced in 1979 using recombinant DNA and the first genetically engineered vaccine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_microbiology
InfluenzaInfluenza
... background for pandemic influenza vaccine safety monitoring". Vaccine. 27 (15): 2114-20. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.01.125. ... cholera, or typhoid. One observer wrote, "One of the most striking of the complications was hemorrhage from mucous membranes, ... "Vaccine. 26 Suppl 4: D49-53. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.039. PMC 3074182. PMID 19230160.. ... Research into new vaccines is particularly important, as current vaccines are very slow and expensive to produce and must be ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza
Dose (biochemistry)Dose (biochemistry)
Nasal: the vaccine is sprayed into the nose and absorbed through the nasal passage. Oral: the vaccine is swallowed and ingested ... Cholera): 1000-100,000,000 bacteria cells Typically, stomach acids can kill bacteria below the infectious dosing rage for a ... Most vaccines require multiple doses for full immunity, given in recommended intervals depending on the vaccine. There are ... Vaccinations (see Vaccine) are typically dosed in milliliters because most are administered as liquids. Each individual vaccine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_(biochemistry)
Respiratory syncytial virus vaccineRespiratory syncytial virus vaccine
The current types of vaccines which are in research are particle-based vaccines, attenuated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines ... A respiratory syncytial virus vaccine (RSV vaccine) is a vaccine which prevents infection by respiratory syncytial virus. No ... or vector-based vaccines.[3] References[edit]. *^ a b Dudas, RA; Karron, RA (July 1998). "Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines" ... A 2019 paper claimed that research toward developing a vaccine has advanced greatly over the past 10 years.[2] The same study ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus_vaccine
Joseph Edward SmadelJoseph Edward Smadel
Patenting the Sun: Polion and the Salk Vaccine, The Dramatic Story Behind One of the Greatest Achievements of Modern Science. p ... cholera, and rickettsial diseases such as typhus. ... of weiting the production protocols for the Polio Vaccine.[1]. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_E._Smadel
Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur
Chicken cholera. Pasteur's later work on diseases included work on chicken cholera. He received cultures from Jean Joseph Henri ... Anthrax vaccine. Pasteur publicly claimed his success in developing the anthrax vaccine in 1881.[93] However, his admirer- ... After developing the rabies vaccine, Pasteur proposed an institute for the vaccine.[136] In 1887, fundraising for the Pasteur ... The vaccine had been tested in 50 dogs before its first human trial.[89][90] This vaccine was used on 9-year-old Joseph Meister ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Louis_Pasteur
Immunologic adjuvantImmunologic adjuvant
Vaxjo: Comprehensive vaccine adjuvant database.. References[edit]. *^ "Guideline on Adjuvants in Vaccines for Human Use" (PDF) ... Baylor NW, Egan W, Richman P (May 2002). "Aluminum salts in vaccines--US perspective". Vaccine. 20 Suppl 3 (Suppl 3): S18-23. ... In the early days of vaccine manufacture, significant variations in the efficacy of different batches of the same vaccine were ... Clements CJ, Griffiths E (May 2002). "The global impact of vaccines containing aluminium adjuvants". Vaccine. 20 Suppl 3 ( ): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant
CholeraCholera
Vaccine. Main article: Cholera vaccine. A number of safe and effective oral vaccines for cholera are available.[43] The World ... "Cholera's seven pandemics". CBC. 9 May 2008. Retrieved 15 July 2018.. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ... "Is a vaccine available to prevent cholera?". CDC disease info: Cholera. 2010-10-22. Archived from the original on 2010-10-26. ... Prevention methods against cholera include improved sanitation and access to clean water.[4] Cholera vaccines that are given by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera
Rotavirus vaccineRotavirus vaccine
2014). "Bovine rotavirus pentavalent vaccine development in India". Vaccine. 32 (11): A124-A128. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03. ... live attenuated Rotavirus vaccine (ROTASIIL®)". Vaccine. 35 (22): 2962-2969. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.025. PMID 28434688. ... The vaccines are safe.[2] This includes their use in people with HIV/AIDS.[2] An earlier vaccine that is no longer used was ... The vaccine contains a G1P[8] human rotavirus strain.[23] Lanzhou lamb[edit]. Lanzhou lamb rotavirus vaccine was licensed for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotavirus_vaccine
List of epidemicsList of epidemics
Cholera outbreak in Iraq growing, Associated Press *^ Vaccine-linked polio hits Nigeria, BBC News ... Haiti cholera outbreak cholera [104][105]. , 4,500 (February 2014) Democratic Republic of the Congo 2011-present measles [106][ ... 1] About Cholera epidemic of Copenhagen 1853 *^ John Snow (1855). On the mode of communication of cholera. John Churchill. ... 2016-17 Yemen cholera outbreak cholera 64 (as of 16 August 2017[update]) India 2017-present 2017 Gorakhpur Japanese ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_epidemics
එන්නත් - විකිපීඩියාඑන්නත් - විකිපීඩියා
එන්නතක් යනු (ඉංග්‍රීසි: Vaccine) එක්තරා රෝගයක් සදහා ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණය වැඩි දියුණු කර ගැනීම පිණිස ඇති නිෂ්පාදනයකි. මෙම වැක්සීන් යන ... Jonas Salk in 1955 holds two bottles of a culture used to grow polio vaccines. ...
https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/එන්නත්_වර්ග
Hantavirus vaccineHantavirus vaccine
Vaccine-naive. References[edit]. *^ a b c d Schmaljohn, C. S. (2012). "Vaccines for hantaviruses: Progress and issues". Expert ... The pharmaceutical trade name for the vaccine is Hantavax.[2][3] As of 2013 no hantavirus vaccine have been approved for use in ... Hantavirus vaccine is a vaccine that protects in humans against hantavirus infections causing Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with ... They include a recombinant vaccine and vaccines derived from HTNV and PUUV viruses. However, their prospects are unclear.[1] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantavirus_vaccine
ಕುಷ್ಠರೋಗ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಕುಷ್ಠರೋಗ - ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ
"Lifting the stigma of leprosy: a new vaccine offers hope against an ancient disease". Time. 119 (19): 87. 1982. PMID 10255067. ... or combined BCG and killed Mycobacterium leprae vaccine for prevention of leprosy and tuberculosis in Malawi". Lancet. 348: 17- ...
https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಕುಷ್ಠರೋಗ
კისტური ფიბროზი - ვიკიპედიაკისტური ფიბროზი - ვიკიპედია
Burgess, L; Southern, KW (Aug 5, 2014). "Pneumococcal vaccines for cystic fibrosis.". The Cochrane database of systematic ... Gabriel SE, Brigman KN, Koller BH, Boucher RC, Stutts MJ (October 1994). "Cystic fibrosis heterozygote resistance to cholera ...
https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/კისტური_ფიბროზი
InfectionInfection
Vaccine Research Center Information concerning vaccine research clinical trials for Emerging and re-Emerging Infectious ... Diarrheal diseases are caused by many different organisms, including cholera, botulism, and E. coli to name a few. See also: ... Edward Jenner, Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin developed effective vaccines for smallpox and polio, which would later result in the ... In the mid-19th century John Snow and William Budd did important work demonstrating the contagiousness of typhoid and cholera ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection
위키백과:모든 언어의 위키백과마다 꼭 있어야 하는 문서 목록/확장판/생물학 및 의과학 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전위키백과:모든 언어의 위키백과마다 꼭 있어야 하는 문서 목록/확장판/생물학 및 의과학 - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전
Vaccine → 백신 (D). 의학 분야, 38[편집]. *Alternative medicine → 대체의학 (D) *Homeopathy → 동종요법 (E) ... Cholera → 콜레라 (C). *Common cold → 감기 (C). *Dengue fever → 뎅기열 (B). *Diphtheria → 디프테리아 (E) ...
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/위키백과:모든_언어의_위키백과마다_꼭_있어야_하는_문서_목록/확장판/생물학_및_의과학
എച്ച് ഐ ബി വാക്സിൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയഎച്ച് ഐ ബി വാക്സിൻ - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Vaccines. Bacterial. *Anthrax. *Brucellosis. *Cholera#. *Diphtheria#. *Hib#. *Leptospirosis. *Lyme disease‡. *Meningococcus# * ...
https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/എച്ച്_ഐ_ബി_വാക്സിൻ
Gastroenteraytis, ang malayang ensiklopedyaGastroenteraytis, ang malayang ensiklopedya
Sinclair, D; Abba, K, Zaman, K, Qadri, F, Graves, PM (2011 Mar 16). "Oral vaccines for preventing cholera". Cochrane database ... "Human Vaccines. 7. 7: 734-748. doi:10.4161/hv.7.7.15511. PMID 21734466. Nakuha noong 10 May 2012.. Unknown parameter ,month=. ... "Human Vaccines. 6 (7): 532-542. PMID 20622508. Nakuha noong 10 May 2012.. Unknown parameter ,month=. ignored (tulong)CS1 maint ... Charles, RC; Ryan, ET (2011 Oct). "Cholera in the 21st century". Current opinion in infectious diseases. 24 (5): 472-7. doi: ...
https://tl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroenteraytis
HouseflyHousefly
Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera, was the bacterium of choice, and was used in China in Baoshan in 1942, and in northern ... declining only after the introduction of Salk's vaccine.[48] In China, Mao Zedong's Four Pests Campaign between 1958 and 1962 ... cholera, salmonellosis,[43] bacillary dysentery,[44] tuberculosis, anthrax, ophthalmia,[45] and pyogenic cocci, making them ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housefly
Dose (biochemistry)Dose (biochemistry)
VaccinesEdit. Vaccinations (see Vaccine) are typically dosed in milliliters because most are administered as liquids. Each ... Vibrio cholerae (Cholera): 1000-100,000,000 bacteria cells. Typically, stomach acids can kill bacteria below the infectious ... Most vaccines require multiple doses for full immunity, given in recommended intervals depending on the vaccine. There are ... There are 15 vaccines that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend every person (in the United States and ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose_
AB5 toxinAB5 toxin
For example, systemic immunization along with co-administered intra-nasal delivery of virus-cholera toxin conjugate vaccine ... For the cholera toxin, the principal glycolipid receptor for the cholera toxin is ganglioside GM1. After endocytosis to the ... Cholera toxin, pertussis toxin, and shiga toxin all have their targets in the cytosol of the cell. After their B subunit binds ... Cholera toxin, shiga toxin, and SubAB toxin all have B subunits that are made up of five identical protein components, meaning ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB5_toxin
TetracyclineTetracycline
... is also used as a biomarker in wildlife to detect consumption of medicine- or vaccine-containing baits.[15] ... cholera, brucellosis, plague, malaria, and syphilis.[1] It is taken by mouth.[1] ... "Bait ingestion by free-ranging raccoons and nontarget species in an oral rabies vaccine field trial in Florida". J. Wildl. Dis ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracycline
Theobald SmithTheobald Smith
Smith erroneously believed he had found the causative agent of hog cholera. Smith turned his attention to Texas fever, a ... Brucellosis infections Used toxin/antitoxin as a vaccine for diphtheria (1909). In the process of investigating an epidemic of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theobald_Smith
List of vaccine topicsList of vaccine topics
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Pneumovax, Prevnar Vibrio cholerae. Cholera. Cholera ... Rotavirus vaccine. Rotateq, Rotarix Rubella virus. Rubella. Rubella vaccine, MMR vaccine, MMRV vaccine. Priorix, MMR II, ... Japanese encephalitis vaccine. Ixiaro, Jespect, Imojev Measles virus. Measles. Measles vaccine, MMR vaccine, MMRV vaccine. ... Varicella vaccine, Shingles vaccine, MMRV vaccine. Varivax, Zostavax, ProQuad, Priorix Tetra Variola virus. Smallpox. Smallpox ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vaccine_topics
Vaccines | Prevention and Control | Cholera | CDCVaccines | Prevention and Control | Cholera | CDC
... manufactured by SBL Vaccines) and ShanChol® (manufactured by Shantha Biotec in India), which are World Health Organization (WHO ... For more information on cholera vaccines visit WHO Cholera Vaccines.external icon ... New Cholera Vaccine for Adult Travelersexternal icon. CDC expert Dr. Karen Wong discusses the risk for cholera in travelers, ... Please note: In December 2020, the maker of this cholera vaccine will temporarily stop making and selling it. This vaccine may ...
https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/vaccines.html
Cholera Vaccines Being Tried Out | Physics ForumsCholera Vaccines Being Tried Out | Physics Forums
Vaccines against cholera have been around for over a century, oral vaccines for over two decades.. Anything that can reduce the ... Apparantly there is a more effective (90%+ within 10 days of injection) cholera vaccine that was approved by the FDA in 2016, ... Vaccines are now being tested in real non-lab situations. Vaccine numbers had been built up and are being used to immunize ... Pertussis, acellular vaccine is 71-85% effective. The effectiveness of the vaccines appears to decrease by between 2 and 10% ...
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/cholera-vaccines-being-tried-out.939350/
Cholera Medication: Antibiotics, VaccinesCholera Medication: Antibiotics, Vaccines
Cholera is an intestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholerae (see the images below). The hallmark of the disease is profuse ... Travelers to cholera-affected regions should receive a cholera vaccine. The cholera vaccine Vaxchora is the only one approved ... Vaccines. Class Summary. In June, 2016, the first U.S. cholera vaccine was approved by the FDA. [20] ... Sack D, Cadoz M. Cholera vaccines. Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA. Vaccines. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 1999. 639-649. ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/962643-medication
Vaccine Information Statement | Cholera | CDCVaccine Information Statement | Cholera | CDC
Cholera vaccine. The cholera vaccine used in the United States is an oral (swallowed) vaccine. Only one dose is needed. Booster ... Cholera vaccine can prevent cholera.. Cholera is spread through contaminated food or water. It is not usually spread directly ... Cholera vaccine is not 100% effective against cholera and does not protect from other foodborne or waterborne diseases. Cholera ... Tell your vaccine provider if the person getting the vaccine:. *Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of cholera ...
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/cholera.html
Vaccines in the time of cholera | PNASVaccines in the time of cholera | PNAS
For a vaccine such as killed oral cholera vaccine, which has a very small commercial market, ensuring that vaccine will be ... use of oral cholera vaccines to control endemic cholera and for consideration of reactive use of these vaccines in cholera ... 2004) Can oral cholera vaccination play a role in controlling a cholera outbreak? Vaccine 22:2444-2451. ... 12) predicts that use of oral cholera vaccine will complement improvements in water and sanitation in the prevention of cholera ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/108/21/8529.long
Travel Medicine: Travel Vaccines, Cholera, Malaria & Other RisksTravel Medicine: Travel Vaccines, Cholera, Malaria & Other Risks
There are two effective vaccines to prevent meningitis. The choice of vaccine depends on the age of the patient. The vaccines ... Immunity occurs by getting the disease or through the use of a vaccine. There are two types of vaccine: inactivated vaccines ... There is no vaccine for cholera that is approved in the United States. Following food and water precautions is the first line ... Yellow fever vaccine is only given at authorized U.S. yellow fever vaccine clinics, so you will need to check well in advance. ...
https://www.medicinenet.com/travel_medicine/article.htm
Cholera Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug InformationCholera Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Cholera Vaccine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... The cholera vaccine used in the United States is an oral (swallowed) vaccine. Only one dose is needed. Booster doses are not ... In clinical studies, cholera vaccine was very effective in preventing severe or life-threatening cholera. However, it is not ... No serious problems reported after cholera vaccine were considered related to the vaccine. ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a618024.html
Cholera vaccine deployment suspended in Yemen - CNNCholera vaccine deployment suspended in Yemen - CNN
The cholera outbreak in Yemen is spreading so quickly that plans have been suspended to deploy one million doses of vaccines to ...
https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/14/health/cholera-vaccines-suspended-for-outbreak-yemen/index.html
WHO approves third cholera vaccine producer | ReutersWHO approves third cholera vaccine producer | Reuters
A third producer of oral cholera vaccine has been approved that is expected to provide 3 million doses in 2016, the World ... GENEVA (Reuters) - A third producer of oral cholera vaccine has been approved that is expected to provide 3 million doses in ... "It has future potential in the next 3-4 years for a much greater increase in vaccine production," he said. A vaccine campaign ...
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-cholera-who-idUSKBN0UM13V20160108
Haiti: WHO sends cholera vaccine after hurricane - CNNHaiti: WHO sends cholera vaccine after hurricane - CNN
The World Health Organization is sending a million cholera vaccine doses to Haiti, it announced Tuesday, amid concerns over the ...
https://edition.cnn.com/2016/10/11/health/cholera-haiti-hurricane-matthew/
Cholera Vaccine Could Speed Up Global Control EffortsCholera Vaccine Could Speed Up Global Control Efforts
... cases of severe cholera were reduced by nearly 40 percent among those vaccinated ... The nearly 270,000 participants were divided into three groups: One received the oral cholera vaccine, another got the vaccine ... Researchers found the vaccine reduced the incidence of severe cholera by 37 percent after two years - and by 45 percent in the ... A report published July 8 in The Lancet said the first trial of an oral cholera vaccine was successful and could speed up ...
https://www.voanews.com/a/cholera-vaccine-could-speed-global-control-efforts/2854515.html
Probiotic, Live Vaccine Both Curb CholeraProbiotic, Live Vaccine Both Curb Cholera
Probiotic-like activity of a live cholera vaccine proves effective in an rabbit animal model, and a natural/engineered ... probiotic mix shows diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic potential against cholera in mice ... The vaccine consists of harmless, lab-designed bacteria dont cause cholera. Instead, they seem to function somewhat like a ... New probiotic and vaccine-based interventions have been shown to suppress cholera in animal models, indicated two research ...
https://www.genengnews.com/topics/drug-discovery/probiotic-live-vaccine-both-curb-cholera/
FDA approves cholera vaccine for US travelers | Fox NewsFDA approves cholera vaccine for US travelers | Fox News
Federal health officials have approved the first cholera vaccine intended to protect U.S. travelers from the potentially life- ... Vaccines. FDA approves cholera vaccine for US travelers. Published June 13, 2016. Associated Press ... Pregnant women who shun flu shots may also skip baby vaccines. * US scientists develop mouse model to test Zika vaccines, drugs ... Federal health officials have approved the first cholera vaccine intended to protect U.S. travelers from the potentially life- ...
http://www.foxnews.com/health/2016/06/13/fda-approves-cholera-vaccine-for-us-travelers.html
Cholera Vaccine for Travelers | Travelers Health | CDCCholera Vaccine for Travelers | Travelers' Health | CDC
... the US Food and Drug Administration approved a single-dose oral cholera vaccine (CVD 103-HgR, Vaxchora [PaxVax Corporation, ... The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices voted to recommend cholera vaccine for adult (18-64 years) travelers to an ... the maker of the cholera vaccine will temporarily stop making and selling this vaccine. The cholera vaccine may be in limited ... have not reported cholera but where experts believe cholera exists. Cholera activity varies by location within each country:. * ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/news-announcements/cholera-vaccine-for-travelers
Cholera Vaccine (Professional Patient Advice) - Drugs.comCholera Vaccine (Professional Patient Advice) - Drugs.com
Professional guide for Cholera Vaccine. Includes: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, interactions, adverse ... Chloroquine: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Cholera Vaccine. Management: Administer cholera vaccine at least 10 days ... Antibiotics: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Cholera Vaccine. Management: Avoid cholera vaccine in patients receiving ... Immune mechanisms conferring protection against cholera following receipt of cholera vaccine have not been determined. ...
https://www.drugs.com/ppa/cholera-vaccine.html
ACIP: Cholera VaccineACIP: Cholera Vaccine
Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee Cholera Vaccine ... CHOLERA VACCINE Cholera vaccines *, whether prepared from Classic or El Tor strains, are of limited usefulness. In field trials ... Official name: Cholera Vaccine. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Bart KJ, Gangarosa EJ. Cholera. In: Kelley VC, ed. Brennemanns practice ... yellow fever and cholera vaccines ideally should be given at least 3 weeks apart. If that is not possible, and both vaccines ...
https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0042345/m0042345.asp
Cholera vaccine | Health24Cholera vaccine | Health24
There are three cholera vaccines available they are safe and effective and licensed in some countries. These vaccines are ... Cholera vaccination 02 December 2008. Cholera vaccine There are three cholera vaccines available they are safe and effective ... There are three cholera vaccines available they are safe and effective and licensed in some countries. These vaccines are ... Cholera Articles. WHO to send 1 million cholera vaccine doses to hurricane-hit Haiti ...
https://www.health24.com/Medical/Cholera/Cholera-vaccination/Cholera-vaccine-20120721
Scientists Dish Up Rice Vaccine to Fight Cholera - Scientific AmericanScientists Dish Up Rice Vaccine to Fight Cholera - Scientific American
Cholera toxin implanted in rice provokes strong immunity in mice while surviving the rigors of acid digestion ... Scientists Dish Up Rice Vaccine to Fight Cholera. Cholera toxin implanted in rice provokes strong immunity in mice while ... "The vaccine expressed in rice, or rice-based vaccine, will become a new form of vaccine production and delivery to [the] ... Such rice-based vaccines need not stop at cholera, Kiyono adds. The same technique could be used to create rice grains bearing ...
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-dish-up-rice-vaccine-to-fight-cholera/
Oral Cholera Vaccine Safe, Effective in First Real-life TrialOral Cholera Vaccine Safe, Effective in First Real-life Trial
An oral cholera vaccine safely protected poor urban populations from endemic cholera and could facilitate global control ... "Furthermore, oral cholera vaccine is only one part of the larger programme needed to control cholera. It should not supersede ... "The vaccine is cheap, two doses cost US$3.7, around a third of the price of the other licensed vaccine Dukoral [SBL Vaccines/ ... Cite this: Oral Cholera Vaccine Safe, Effective in First Real-life Trial - Medscape - Jul 09, 2015. ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/847690
In worlds worst cholera outbreak, vaccine talks hang in the balance | ReutersIn world's worst cholera outbreak, vaccine talks hang in the balance | Reuters
... giving global health experts a few months to get vaccines in to the war-torn country to try to limit the next wave of cases. ... A cholera epidemic in Yemen, one of the worst ever recorded, is likely to surge again around March, ... on Vaccine Provision - the gatekeeper of the vaccine stockpile system designed to deliver vaccines to countries hit by disease ... "We should be using (cholera) vaccines in Yemen - today, and at large scale," he said. "If we could reach a million people ...
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-cholera/in-worlds-worst-cholera-outbreak-vaccine-talks-hang-in-the-balance-idUSKBN1EN0OW
Cholera vaccine adverse reactionsCholera vaccine adverse reactions
Cholera and Typhoid Vaccines Blamed Cavaliere T, DIsanto R, Palmieri A.[Serologic changes induced by anticholera vaccine].. ... Cholera vaccine & adverse reactions. Cholera. [July 2007] 500 Rushed To Hospital - ... Eisinger AJ, Smith JG.Acute renal failure after TAB and cholera vaccination.. Br Med J. 1979 Feb 10;1(6160):381-2. No abstract ... DCosta DF, Cooper A, Pye IF.Transverse myelitis following cholera, typhoid and polio vaccination.. J R Soc Med. 1990 Oct;83(10 ...
http://www.whale.to/vaccines/cholera.html
PAHO/WHO | Experts Call for International Cholera Vaccine StockpilePAHO/WHO | Experts Call for International Cholera Vaccine Stockpile
Experts Call for International Cholera Vaccine Stockpile PAHO/WHO urged to design a pilot project to use available vaccine in ... cholera vaccine and called for the use of current vaccines in a pilot project in Haiti that would be expanded as more vaccine ... Information shared during the meeting indicated that 100,000 doses of cholera vaccine are currently ready for shipment, but an ... PAHO/WHO convened todays meeting in response to renewed interest in cholera vaccination following reports that more vaccine ...
https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4569:2010-experts-call-international-cholera-vaccine-stockpile&Itemid=1926&lang=en
Ampicillin and cholera vaccine, live Drug Interactions - Drugs.comAmpicillin and cholera vaccine, live Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
A Major Drug Interaction exists between ampicillin and cholera vaccine, live. View detailed information regarding this drug ... attenuated cholera vaccine with systemic antibiotics may result in a diminished immunologic response to the vaccine. Some ... MANAGEMENT: Live, attenuated cholera vaccine should not be administered during or for at least 14 days after treatment with ... ADJUST DOSING INTERVAL: There are no data regarding the concurrent administration of cholera oral vaccine with food or ...
https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/ampicillin-with-cholera-vaccine-live-196-0-3772-0.html?professional=1
Continuing Education: Cholera Vaccine for Travelers | Travelers Health | CDCContinuing Education: Cholera Vaccine for Travelers | Travelers' Health | CDC
Discuss cholera vaccine recommendations and CDC resources for cholera prevention.. *Identify strategies for cholera prevention ... In order to receive continuing education (CE) for WB4279 - Cholera Vaccine for Travelers please visit TCEO and follow these 9 ... This module is designed to increase knowledge of cholera as an infectious agent, as well as its transmission and clinical ... The content draws on the latest ACIP and CDC recommendations and aims to improve provider competency around cholera prevention ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/cholera-vaccine-travelers
Cholera Vaccine (Cholera Vaccine): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, WarningCholera Vaccine (Cholera Vaccine): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Cholera Vaccine) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and related ... Cholera vaccine is used for active immunization against cholera. Field studies carried out in endemic cholera areas have shown ... Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with cholera vaccine. It is also not known whether cholera vaccine can ... home drugs a-z list side effects drug center cholera vaccine (cholera vaccine) drug ...
https://www.rxlist.com/cholera-vaccine-drug.htm
Cholera Vaccine (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo ClinicCholera Vaccine (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
Cholera vaccine is used in adults to help prevent cholera. Cholera is a serious disease that can cause death. It is caused by a ... If you are traveling to cholera-infected areas (eg, developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America) cholera vaccine ... Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of cholera vaccine in the pediatric ... Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of cholera vaccine in the geriatric ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/cholera-vaccine-injection-route/description/drg-20062780?p=1
Cholera Vaccine (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo ClinicCholera Vaccine (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
Cholera vaccine is used in adults to help prevent cholera. Cholera is a serious disease that can cause death. It is caused by a ... If you are traveling to cholera-infected areas (eg, developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America) cholera vaccine ... Cholera is rare in the U.S. and other areas of the world that have good water and sewage (waste) systems. However, it is a ... It is very important to avoid infected persons and food and water that may be infected, even if you have received the vaccine. ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/cholera-vaccine-injection-route/description/DRG-20062780
Cholera vaccine - WikipediaCholera vaccine - Wikipedia
Cholera vaccines are vaccines that are effective at preventing cholera.[8] For the first six months after vaccination they ... Oral cholera vaccines were first introduced in the 1990s.[8] The cost to immunize against cholera is between US$0.10 and US$ ... The first vaccines used against cholera were developed in the late 1800s.[14] They were the first widely used vaccine that was ... The cholera vaccine is widely used by backpackers and persons visiting locations where there is a high risk of cholera ...
https://cc.bingj.com/cache.aspx?q=Cholera+wikipedia&d=5015229175431196&mkt=en-US&setlang=en-US&w=I6xzI7Eg3EfoqYJ6dvvXMqkWTGSbGPw7
cholera vaccine Archives - The Independent Ugandacholera vaccine Archives - The Independent Uganda
Kampala, Uganda , THE INDEPENDENT , The Health Ministry has dispatched 171,400 doses of the oral cholera vaccine to Nebbi ... Health Ministry roles out mass cholera vaccination in Nebbi May 2, 2019 Health, NEWS 0 ... Jakor Oryema, the Nebbi District Health Officer, says Nebbi district is a hot spot for cholera outbreaks … ...
https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/cholera-vaccine/
578,000 to get cholera vaccine in Zambia in next two weeks - UPI.com578,000 to get cholera vaccine in Zambia in next two weeks - UPI.com
Doctors Without Borders plans to vaccinate 578,000 people against cholera in Zambia, where an outbreak has made 664 sick and ... 578,000 to get cholera vaccine in Zambia in next two weeks. Since February, 664 have been sick and 12 killed in the first ... The oral cholera vaccine is usually given in two doses, however officials have decided to give one dose to each person, ... Concerns about a shortage of the vaccine led to the WHO approving a third companys bid to help boost global vaccine supplies ...
https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2016/04/11/578000-to-get-cholera-vaccine-in-Zambia-in-next-two-weeks/1311460384325/
OutbreakOutbreaksProtection against choleraShanCholTravelersBacteriaSubunitEpidemicsDose2018SanitationDiarrheaCases of choleraDukoralEndemic choleraSuspected cholera casesWorld Health OrganPreventionSpread of choleraBacteriumVaxchoraEfficacyHaitiRisk of choleraAdultsCholeraeEpidemic choleraDeathsImmunityDehydrationProducing cholera toxinInfectionActive cholera transmissionStockpile of oral cholera vaccineLeast 10 daysEffectivenessDeveloped countriesImmunizationPrevent choleraVaccination campaignAfricaSevere choleraBacterialStrainsConjugate vaccineDoses of vaccineResponse to choleraTyphoidCountries where choleraVaccinationsMillion doses of cholera vaccineAcuteAreas where choleraIndia2020
Outbreak56
  • An area of active cholera transmission is defined as a province, state, or other administrative subdivision within a country where cholera infections may be reported regularly (endemic) or where a cholera outbreak is occurring (epidemic), and includes areas with cholera activity within the past year . (cdc.gov)
  • Anything that can reduce the spread of a cholera outbreak is important. (physicsforums.com)
  • Although still rare, cholera appears to be more common in travelers who are visiting friends and relatives and those performing humanitarian aid work in outbreak settings. (cdc.gov)
  • Since February, 664 have been sick and 12 killed in the first cholera outbreak in Zambia since 2010. (upi.com)
  • NEW YORK, April 11 (UPI) -- Doctors Without Borders has announced a plan to vaccinate more than half a million people against cholera in Zambia, where an outbreak has made 664 sick and killed 12 since February. (upi.com)
  • Lusaka has experienced regular cholera epidemics in the past, but this is the first outbreak since 2010," Voûte said. (upi.com)
  • This was the ideal environment for a large-scale cholera outbreak. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • Now we know that oral cholera vaccine confers a high level of protection in outbreak settings, and that vaccinating against this highly deadly disease can and should be one thing we do when we have a cholera epidemic on our hands, in addition to other preventive and control measures," Luquero, principal investigator of the study, said at the time. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • The IFRC is one of the founding members of the International Coordination Group for yellow fever vaccine and meningitis vaccine stockpile for outbreak response, together with WHO, UNICEF and MSF. (ifrc.org)
  • The UN aid coordination agency said Yemen's suspected cholera caseload has surged past 3,13,000 and caused over 1,700 deaths, making it the world's largest outbreak. (business-standard.com)
  • He said Yemen now has 3,13,538 suspected cases and 1,732 deaths caused by cholera in an outbreak that was first recorded in late March. (business-standard.com)
  • Medical Xpress ) - A vaccination campaign that almost didn't happen was widely effective in reducing transmission of cholera in the midst of an ongoing outbreak of the disease in rural Haiti. (georgetown.edu)
  • The U.N. wasn't able to distribute cholera vaccines in Yemen until May 2018 and the outbreak ultimately produced more than 1 million suspected cholera cases. (nbcnewyork.com)
  • Ali al-Walidi, the deputy health minister in southern Yemen, and Youssef al-Hadri, the spokesman of the Houthi-run Health Ministry in the north, both deny there were delays in getting cholera vaccines into Yemen at the start of the outbreak. (nbcnewyork.com)
  • PARIS/NEW YORK-An oral cholera vaccine protected individuals by 86 percent during a recent outbreak in Guinea, according to a study published today in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) . (fiercepharma.com)
  • Because we'd never documented the effectiveness of this new vaccine in real-life epidemic conditions, we didn't have enough information to understand the potential of this vaccine as a tool to control a cholera outbreak,' said Francisco Luquero, principal investigator of the study. (fiercepharma.com)
  • This study published in NEJM was part of a large-scale Epicentre study of oral cholera vaccine in Guinea in 2012, the first on cholera vaccines ever conducted during an outbreak in Africa. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Most of the confirmed cholera cases were from a small outbreak in a local community that had the lowest vaccination coverage. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Until very recently, cholera vaccines have not been considered among the tools to use in outbreak control,' said Grais. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Several deadly and large-scale cholera epidemics have shown the limits of the traditional outbreak response to contain national-scale epidemics. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Requests are granted based on various factors such as the risk of cholera, severity of an outbreak, and access to WaSH and healthcare. (the-scientist.com)
  • Importantly, there is a delay from the time a country requests the vaccine to when public health practitioners actually administer it, and this can have large effects on the trajectory of an ongoing outbreak. (the-scientist.com)
  • Consistent with previous findings for cholera and other diseases , we found that the most effective method to avert cases for a given amount of vaccine involves vaccinating a population before an outbreak would occur. (the-scientist.com)
  • In line with previous findings , our research also revealed that when an outbreak is ongoing, the timing of vaccination is critical because of the rapid spread of cholera. (the-scientist.com)
  • In general, if a vaccine is administered too late in an outbreak, the number of cases that it prevents will be substantially reduced. (the-scientist.com)
  • This is analogous to the early stages of a cholera outbreak, when there is a large proportion of people susceptible to infection. (the-scientist.com)
  • A Cuban government official said the cholera outbreak there has increased to 110 cases, but the official death toll remained at 3, according to a media report published today. (umn.edu)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has initiated a campaign to vaccinate 250,000 individuals in Iraq against cholera to curb the ongoing outbreak in the country, the organization announced Sunday. (bioprepwatch.com)
  • The WHO's technical advisers cited the recent Haiti vaccination project , involving 100,000 people in Port-au-Prince and a rural area, as evidence that cholera vaccination can work in the midst of an outbreak - a proposition that has engendered controversy since Haiti's epidemic began in late 2010. (wncw.org)
  • The deputy director of PAHO, Dr. Jon Andrus , who was initially skeptical of using oral cholera vaccine during an outbreak, opened this week's meeting by saying that if the evidence warrants it, "we should not fail to miss short-term opportunities to save lives more quickly. (wncw.org)
  • The disaster had already triggered a cholera outbreak in Mozambique, which had affected more than 3 000 people and raised alarms for the Government of Zimbabwe. (who.int)
  • BEIRA, Mozambique (AP) - Mozambican and international health workers raced on Monday to contain the outbreak of cholera in the cyclone-hit city of Beira, where the cases of the disease has jumped to 517 and the first death has been recorded. (marshallindependent.com)
  • The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) urgently needs $5.5 million to mitigate a cholera outbreak that has infected more than 17,000, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). (umn.edu)
  • Meanwhile, the pace of Haiti's cholera outbreak has slowed even as cases approach 500,000 and deaths approach 7,000, the OCHA said in a separate report. (umn.edu)
  • The cholera outbreak in Haiti is currently the worst ongoing episode in the world. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • Partners in Health, a Boston-based nonprofit, is planning to launch an unprecedented cholera vaccination campaign to try to curb the outbreak - but it faces many challenges, including a shortage of the vaccine. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • Jon Lascher, Haiti program manager for Partners in Health, says the cholera outbreak began miles away, on Haiti's Central Plateau. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • The cholera outbreak began near a United Nations peacekeeping base housing Nepalese soldiers. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • However, this is not as effective in combating an epidemic outbreak as concentrating efforts in regions at risk of high exposure to cholera, although it is difficult to know in advance where those regions would be. (fredhutch.org)
  • Azman and his colleagues performed a review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the effectiveness of these cholera vaccines in both controlled clinical settings and real-world outbreak situations. (xtalks.com)
  • As the study also found that a one dose regimen could be as effective as two doses of the vaccine, it could allow governments to vaccinate more people during an outbreak. (xtalks.com)
  • How serious is Zambia's current cholera outbreak? (gavi.org)
  • This cholera outbreak has occurred in some areas where infrastructure failed, and we have not been able to provide support to replace broken parts. (gavi.org)
  • Khartoum, 29 October 2019 - Sudan declared an outbreak of cholera on 8 September 2019 after a noticeable increase in the number of cholera cases reported in the two states of Sinnar and Blue Nile, in the centre and south of the country. (who.int)
  • As an integrated part of the current outbreak response strategy, oral cholera vaccine (OCV) has been mobilized by the the Federal Ministry of Health, World Health Organization (WHO), and UNICEF through coordination with the International Coordinating Group on Vaccine Provision for Cholera. (who.int)
  • Based on a public health risk assessment, 14 localities in the states of Sinnar and Blue Nile have been determined to be at high risk for further spread of the cholera outbreak. (who.int)
  • Vax Alert is a temperature tracking tool that ensures all vaccines will be kept at the right temperature during travel 27 October 2015 - Iraq declared an outbreak of cholera on 15 September 2015. (who.int)
  • As an integrated part of the current outbreak response strategy oral cholera vaccines (OCV) have been mobilized through the international coordination group based in Geneva. (who.int)
  • Based on a public health risk assessment, it has been determined that a number of displacement camps housing Syrian refugees and internally displaced Iraqis are at high risk for further spread of the cholera outbreak. (who.int)
  • Zambian traders and vendors gesture and chant slogans as they take part in a January 2018 protest in Lusaka following a ban on street trading amid the country's latest deadly cholera outbreak. (mg.co.za)
  • About seven months ago, a cholera outbreak hit Zambia - an event that has drastically changed the lives of Moyo and his colleagues. (mg.co.za)
  • Zambia's cholera outbreak began in late September 2017. (mg.co.za)
  • During a cholera outbreak in May, 2015, in Juba, South Sudan, the Ministry of Health, Médecins Sans Frontières, and partners engaged in the first field deployment of a single dose of oral cholera vaccine to enhance the outbreak response. (msf.org)
  • Use of Vibrio cholerae vaccine in an outbreak in Guinea. (msf.org)
  • some protection can be obtained from oral vaccines while avoiding areas where cholera commonly occurs or has had a recent outbreak. (medicinenet.com)
  • Outbreaks of cholera in 2015-2016 include South Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania, and Kenya, with over 216 deaths and most recently, 121 people diagnosed with cholera in Iraq, their first outbreak since 2012 and in Cuba, the first outbreak in over 130 years. (medicinenet.com)
Outbreaks33
  • Vaccine numbers had been built up and are being used to immunize where outbreaks are occurring (the vaccines seem to more rapidly increase immunity than was initially expected) and being contemplated for use in more prophylactic situations. (physicsforums.com)
  • The key to cholera prevention is practicing food and water precautions and hand hygiene in areas with cholera outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • In the late twentieth century, oral cholera vaccines started to be used on a massive scale, with millions of vaccinations taking place, as a tool to control cholera outbreaks in addition to the traditional interventions of improving safe water supplies, sanitation, handwashing and other means of improving hygiene. (bingj.com)
  • WHO recommends that current available cholera vaccines be used as complements to traditional control and preventive measures in areas where the disease is endemic and should be considered in areas at risk for outbreaks. (bingj.com)
  • Vaccination should not disrupt the provision of other high priority health interventions to control or prevent cholera outbreaks. (bingj.com)
  • Reactive vaccination might be considered in view of limiting the extent of large prolonged outbreaks, provided the local infrastructure allows it, and an in-depth analysis of past cholera data and identification of a defined target area have been performed. (bingj.com)
  • With such a long period between outbreaks, the population has little to no acquired immunity to the disease, leaving a 'blank slate' for cholera transmission in these densely populated, flood-prone areas. (upi.com)
  • While the availability of vaccines has improved in recent years, the number is still far from being sufficient to tackle the large-scale outbreaks we are currently seeing, such as those currently ongoing in the Democratic Republic of Congo or Yemen," Luquero said. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • An influential study of the campaign by Epicentre, published in 2014, found that the vaccine was 86 percent effective in protecting individuals, lending support to its use in control of future outbreaks. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • In Yemen, where cholera has now reached all 21 governorates, the vaccines have to be targeted to those areas most susceptible to new outbreaks. (business-standard.com)
  • Given the availability of two oral cholera vaccines and the new data on their efficacy, field effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptance in cholera-affected populations and in travelers, these vaccines should be used in endemic areas, in travelers for these areas and should be considered in areas at risk for outbreaks. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends both preventive and reactive use of the vaccine, making the following key statements: WHO recommends that current available cholera vaccines be used as complements to traditional control and preventive measures in areas where the disease is endemic and should be considered in areas at risk for outbreaks. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study, conducted by Epicentre , research arm of the international medical humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), and the Guinean Ministry of Health, is the first to show that this particular oral cholera vaccine provides protection very quickly, and lends support to its use in control of future outbreaks. (fiercepharma.com)
  • The results, on both the effectiveness and feasibility of oral cholera vaccines during an actual emergency, will hopefully bolster efforts to integrate vaccines in the global response to cholera outbreaks,' said Dr. Rebecca Grais, senior author of the publication. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Cholera outbreaks can quickly lead to a public health crisis through their rapid spread in vulnerable populations. (the-scientist.com)
  • A global stockpile of the oral cholera vaccine is available and can be used to help contain or prevent outbreaks. (the-scientist.com)
  • Generally speaking, this can be applied to other settings, especially in regions in which cholera outbreaks are periodic (that is, each rainy season) and when access to WaSH infrastructure is limited. (the-scientist.com)
  • In 2001 alone, 28 countries reported over 40 outbreaks of cholera to the World Health Organization, resulting in the deaths of thousands. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Now the World Health Organization is calling for the establishment of a global stockpile of the vaccine to respond to outbreaks like Haiti's. (wncw.org)
  • Health officials in Harare immediately moved into protective response mode, organizing a vaccination campaign and determining the coordinates for the most vulnerable areas: communities where water and sanitation infrastructure had been destroyed or a large number of their population had been displaced and thus more susceptible to cholera outbreaks. (who.int)
  • Cholera outbreaks are on the rise. (flutrackers.com)
  • Although cholera outbreaks have occurred in Europe and the United States, the disease has been essentially eradicated there through effective sanitation and public health measures ( 1 ). (asm.org)
  • A single , high-dose cholera vaccine-Vaxchora-could be an effective tool in controlling outbreaks more rapidly, according to new research from the University of Maryland School of Medicine. (ghtcoalition.org)
  • The current cholera vaccine consists of two doses of the inactivated virus administered over two weeks, but researchers believe they have developed a stronger, single dose vaccine approach that will be more effective in combatting outbreaks because it can be deployed more rapidly and easily. (ghtcoalition.org)
  • Researchers plan to further study how this vaccine may help curb outbreaks early before they become widespread and its potential use in preemptive vaccination. (ghtcoalition.org)
  • Cracking down on street vendors such as Moyo, imposing curfews and even enacting quarantine zones don't work to control cholera, says the World Health Organisation (WHO) website , because they don't eradicate the source of outbreaks or stem transmission. (mg.co.za)
  • In studies of travellers to countries or areas reporting cholera outbreaks, WC/rBS was found also to induce approximately 50% short-term protection against diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).Two closely related bivalent oral cholera vaccines are available in India and Viet Nam. (who.int)
  • They are reported to be safe and efficacious, providing 66-67% protection for at least 2 years against clinically significant cholera in countries or areas reporting outbreaks. (who.int)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has maps of current and past areas with cholera outbreaks (see WHO reference). (medicinenet.com)
  • Cholera outbreaks in the United States have seldom been caused by tainted fish. (ekidcare.com)
  • In other parts of the world, cholera outbreaks tend to be a serious problem. (ekidcare.com)
  • Cholera outbreaks frequently occur in areas of overcrowding, in the case of refugees who flee politically or naturally or in other circumstances in which safe drinking water is scarce and sufficient sanitary facilities are inaccessible. (ekidcare.com)
  • Cholera occurs as both outbreaks and chronically in certain areas. (wikipedia.org)
Protection against cholera9
  • Immune mechanisms conferring protection against cholera following receipt of cholera vaccine have not been determined. (drugs.com)
  • The traveler's best protection against cholera, as well as against many other enteric diseases, is to avoid food and water that might be contaminated. (cdc.gov)
  • Two doses of vaccine are needed to confer protection against cholera. (paho.org)
  • It is the best line of defense against cholera infection, providing significant protection against cholera. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • our results are consistent with those of other studies that suggest instead that anamnestic immune responses of mucosal lymphocytes may play a major role in protection against cholera. (asm.org)
  • For continuous protection against cholera a single booster dose is recommended within 2 years for adults and children from 6 years of age, and within 6 months for children aged 2 to 6 years. (medicines.org.uk)
  • Evidence from previous studies suggests that a single dose of oral cholera vaccine might provide substantial direct protection against cholera. (msf.org)
  • Following primary immunization, protection against cholera may be expected after about 1 week. (who.int)
  • The vaccine must be given at least 10 days before heading to a cholera region to provide the best protection against cholera. (ekidcare.com)
ShanChol13
  • The vaccine, Shanchol , was given as part of routine health services to both adults and children and was found to protect against severe cases of cholera. (voanews.com)
  • An inexpensive, oral, killed whole-cell cholera vaccine ( Shanchol , Shantha) delivered through routine government services safely protected poor urban populations in Bangladesh from endemic cholera, according to a new study. (medscape.com)
  • [8] The Shanchol/mORCVAX bivalent vaccine, which combines the O1 and O139 serogroups , was originally licensed in Vietnam in 1997 and given in 20 million doses to children in Vietnam during the following decade. (bingj.com)
  • According to a study led by Harvard Medical School researchers at Partners In Health, there were 63 percent fewer cholera cases among the thousands of adults and children who received the cholera vaccine Shanchol than among those who were unvaccinated. (georgetown.edu)
  • 2) A bivalent O1 and O139 whole cell oral vaccine without CT B subunit (Shanchol) has been lately developed in Vietnam (licensed by VaBiotech-Viet Nam to Shantha Biotechnics-India. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • BivWC (marketed as "Shanchol" and "mORCVAX") is a bivalent inactivated vaccine containing killed whole cells of V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Epicentre study looked at the efficacy of two complete doses of Shanchol-one of two WHO pre-qualified oral cholera vaccines currently available-in the first months after administration. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Vaccination with two complete doses of Shanchol was associated with significant protection-86 percent-against cholera. (fiercepharma.com)
  • And last year, the WHO approved a cheaper and easier-to-use oral vaccine called Shanchol, which was used in the Haitian demonstration project this spring. (wncw.org)
  • Two cholera vaccines, sold as Shanchol and Dukoral, are currently available. (asm.org)
  • Both Shanchol and Dukoral are two-spaced-dose oral vaccines comprising large numbers of killed cholera bacteria. (asm.org)
  • In a field trial in Kolkata (India), Shanchol, the preferred vaccine, protected 45% of the test subjects in all of the age groups and only 17% of the children under 5 years of age during the first year of surveillance. (asm.org)
  • This is the first time Iraq will introduce the OCV Shanchol vaccine. (who.int)
Travelers28
  • CDC expert Dr. Karen Wong discusses the risk for cholera in travelers, how it can be prevented, and use of the new vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • The vaccine is not regularly recommended for most travelers from the United States, as most travelers do not visit areas with active cholera transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Most travelers do not need cholera vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • Travelers to cholera-affected regions should receive a cholera vaccine. (medscape.com)
  • Nevertheless, oral vaccines have been little used for the control of endemic and epidemic cholera, and they have been deployed mostly as vaccines for travelers. (pnas.org)
  • All travelers need to be up to date on routine vaccines they would normally get if they were not traveling. (medicinenet.com)
  • Travelers should also be up to date on tetanus vaccines . (medicinenet.com)
  • Federal health officials have approved the first cholera vaccine intended to protect U.S. travelers from the potentially life-threatening disease. (foxnews.com)
  • The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices voted to recommend cholera vaccine for adult (18-64 years) travelers to an area of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera in travelers is extremely rare, and the vaccine is not routinely recommended for most travelers because most travelers do not visit areas of active transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Travelers who follow the usual tourist itinerary and who use standard accommodations in countries affected by cholera are at virtually no risk of infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the Public Health Service no longer requires cholera vaccination for travelers coming to the United States from cholera-infected areas, and the World Health Organization (WHO) no longer recommends cholera vaccination for travel to or from cholera-infected areas. (cdc.gov)
  • The risk of cholera to U.S. travelers is so low that the vaccine is not likely to benefit most U.S. travelers. (cdc.gov)
  • Physicians administering vaccine to travelers should emphasize that an International Certificate of Vaccination against cholera must be validated for it to be acceptable to quarantine authorities. (cdc.gov)
  • In order to receive continuing education (CE) for WB4279 - Cholera Vaccine for Travelers please visit TCEO and follow these 9 Simple Steps before 12/09/2021. (cdc.gov)
  • GANGAROSA, E. and FAICH, G.: Cholera: The risk to American travelers. (rxlist.com)
  • People who may be at risk for cholera include military personnel, humanitarian aid workers, missionary workers, and adventure travelers to such areas. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • ACIP members also voted to recommend use of PaxVax Bermuda Ltd.'s cholera vaccine Vaxchora, which gained FDA approval on June 10 (www.fda.gov) , for the prevention of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 for travelers ages 18-64 to areas of active cholera transmission. (aafp.org)
  • Sweden is the only other country that produces a vaccine with an equally high success rate, but it costs US$10.00 to $30.00 per dose, and is used primarily by travelers from developed countries. (peoplesworld.org)
  • Because CT cross-reacts with Escherichia coli LT the vaccine also provides short-term protection against ETEC (enterotoxigenic E. coli) which is of added benefit for travelers. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The vaccine is recommended for adult travelers 18 to 64 years old going to cholera affected regions. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Travelers to the Caribbean, Africa and/or Southeast Asia should consider receiving the cholera vaccine. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Travelers visiting any part of the world where cholera is present have some risk of infection. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Travelers Visiting Rural Areas - If you are visiting an area with limited access to clean water or medical facilities, cholera could quickly become a very serious concern. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • For travelers from non-endemic countries cholera is rare with a risk of 0.01-0.001% per month of stay in a developing country. (pediatriceducation.org)
  • 25 cases/year reported with most occurring among travelers to epidemic or endemic cholera. (pediatriceducation.org)
  • The vaccine is not generally recommended for most travelers in the U.S. since they don't frequently travel to areas of active cholera transmission, according to ACIP, but there was an increase in reported cases among U.S. travelers to Haiti after a 2010 hurricane. (modernmedicine.com)
  • Cholera is also endemic in several top destinations for U.S. travelers, including China, the Dominican Republic, India, Jamaica and the Philippines. (modernmedicine.com)
Bacteria29
  • Cholera is caused by bacteria, and spread through contaminated food or water. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cell dish experiments showed that L. lactis had an antibacterial effect when grown on a layer of cholera bacteria. (genengnews.com)
  • The vaccine consists of harmless, lab-designed bacteria don't cause cholera. (genengnews.com)
  • Contains live attenuated cholera bacteria that replicate in the gastrointestinal tract of the recipient. (drugs.com)
  • The bacteria that cause cholera infect the gut and bloody the stool of victims. (scientificamerican.com)
  • Plaque, typhoid and cholera, most dreaded diseases that are caused by bacteria have one thing in common - needle complex. (medindia.net)
  • Cholera is usually transmitted through ingestion of water contaminated by fecal matter harboring cholera bacteria. (peoplesworld.org)
  • California-based vaccine manufacturer PaxVax has reportedly submitted an application to begin international trials of a novel oral cholera vaccine that contains live, genetically modified (GM) bacteria. (prisonplanet.com)
  • Participants will be instructed to literally consume a cocktail of mercury-resistant, GM Shigella flexneri NR1 bacteria derived from the Vibrio cholera bacterial strain, which is recognized as the causative agent of the gastroenteritis disease known as cholera. (prisonplanet.com)
  • The non-active B-subunit of the cholera toxin molecule, in other words, is reportedly still synthesized in the bacteria, but it allegedly no longer holds the capacity to induce either disease or toxicity. (prisonplanet.com)
  • Vaxchora is a vaccine against some of the bacteria that causes cholera (vibrio cholerae serogroup O1). (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Opening a new door to an effective vaccine and therapy for a disease that strikes thousands annually, researchers at Dartmouth Medical School discovered that the bacteria that causes the intestinal disease Cholera spreads in the environment in much the same way it infects humans. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • The team verified that the GlcNAc in the intestine initiates the attachment and colonization of the bacteria by testing the mutant strain on zooplankton and cultured intestinal cells in vitro as well as in an in vivo cholera model. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Risk factors for cholera include number of bacteria ingested, lack of immunity from prior disease or vaccination, lack of passive immunity for newborn infants because of lack of breastfeeding, pregnancy, immunocompromised state (especially HIV), malnourishment, blood group O, and decreased ability to make gastric acid which neutralizes the bacteria. (pediatriceducation.org)
  • Based on observations, it also gives protection not only against cholera, but also against the coli bacteria which frequently causes diarrhoea when travelling. (oltokozpont.hu)
  • A protection of 60-70% against coli bacteria for 3 months and also 85-90% against cholera for 2 years can be achieved. (oltokozpont.hu)
  • Cholera is a disease caused by bacteria that produce a watery diarrhea that can rapidly lead to dehydration . (medicinenet.com)
  • Cholera is most frequently transmitted by water sources contaminated with the causative bacterium Vibrio cholerae , although contaminated foods, especially raw shellfish, may also transmit the cholera-causing bacteria. (medicinenet.com)
  • A person is no longer contagious for cholera when they have no cholera symptoms and no detectable Vibrio bacteria in their stools. (medicinenet.com)
  • Although a person may be no longer contagious for cholera, the infection does not provide enough immunity to prevent the person from coming down with cholera again if reexposed to the bacteria. (medicinenet.com)
  • Cholera is caused by contact with polluted water or food by Vibrio cholera bacteria-infected feces. (ekidcare.com)
  • Cholera bacteria can still be present in the stools for up to 2 weeks, even without symptoms. (ekidcare.com)
  • It is exposed to a small dose that results in the body developing resistance to the infection, allowing the body to produce living cholera bacteria. (ekidcare.com)
  • The cause of cholera is infection by the V. cholera bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • V. cholera bacteria live in shallow, salty water on microscopic crustaceans. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • They can also exist as colonies of biofilms that coat the surface of the water, plants, stones, shells, and similar items, and they can live among the eggs of midges, which serve as a reservoir for cholera bacteria. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Toxic strains of cholera bacteria produce a poison that triggers violent diarrhea in humans. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cholera bacteria enter the body through the mouth, often in food or water that has been contaminated with human waste, due to poor sanitation and hygiene. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cholera bacteria have been found in shellfish and plankton. (wikipedia.org)
Subunit14
  • [16] The Dukoral monovalent vaccine from Sweden, which combines formalin , heat-killed whole cells of Vibrio cholerae O1 and a recombinant cholera toxin B subunit, was licensed in 1991, mainly for travellers. (bingj.com)
  • The two vaccines currently available in worldwide are: (1) The killed oral vaccine (Dukoral, licensed by SBL-Sweden to Crucell-Holland) is recommended since 1999 by WHO and consists of a mixture of four preparations of heat or formalin killed whole cell Vibrio cholera O1 (Inaba and Ogaba serotypes, and classical and El Tor biotypes) that are then added with purified recombinant cholera toxin (CT) B subunit. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Efficacy of a food plant-based oral cholera toxin B subunit vaccine. (nih.gov)
  • Transgenic potatoes were engineered to synthesize a cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) pentamer with affinity for GMI-ganglioside. (nih.gov)
  • WC-rBS (marketed as "Dukoral") is a monovalent inactivated vaccine containing killed whole cells of V. cholerae O1 plus additional recombinant cholera toxin B subunit. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fragments of the Cholera toxin A subunit and haemolysin A genes were cloned into separate plasmids. (prisonplanet.com)
  • Immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. (asm.org)
  • The former contains Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 cells, and the latter contains V. cholerae O1 cells with the recombinant B subunit of cholera toxin. (asm.org)
  • Antibodies to various cholera antigens, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), outer membrane proteins, CT, and the major subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus (TcpA), have been detected in serum samples from individuals immunized with V. cholerae O1 or from convalescent patients ( 7 - 11 ). (asm.org)
  • We have developed a rice-based oral cholera vaccine named MucoRice-CTB (Cholera Toxin B-subunit) by using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated co-transformation system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The campaign, using killed whole-cell/recombinant B-subunit cholera vaccine, was carried out in October 1997 among 44,000 south Sudanese refugees in Uganda. (msf.org)
  • Methods: We analysed the first year of surveillance data from a placebo-controlled trial of B subunit-killed whole-cell and killed whole-cell-only oral cholera vaccines in children and adult women in Bangladesh. (elsevier.com)
  • The B subunit (BS) of cholera toxin and that of the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are genetically similar. (elsevier.com)
  • A vaccine consisting of killed whole-cell V. cholerae O1 in combination with a recombinant B-subunit of cholera toxin (WC/rBS) has been marketed since the early 1990s. (who.int)
Epidemics15
  • Interest in using oral vaccines for the control of cholera has increased in recent years, as reflected in a recently strengthened recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the preemptive use of oral cholera vaccines to control endemic cholera and for consideration of reactive use of these vaccines in cholera epidemics ( 9 ). (pnas.org)
  • The case for introducing oral cholera vaccines as routine public health tools has also been strengthened by an apparent increase in the magnitude, severity, and duration of recently reported epidemics, such as those observed in Angola, Zimbabwe, Vietnam, and Haiti, perhaps related to the widespread emergence of the modified genetic forms of V. cholerae 01 El Tor biotype that produce classical biotype cholera toxin ( 10 ). (pnas.org)
  • Nevertheless, the use of oral cholera vaccines continues to fuel vigorous debates in the public health community, especially regarding reactive use of the vaccines for control of reported epidemics. (pnas.org)
  • It is against the background of this controversy that two articles in PNAS, each reporting on the results of models projecting the hypothetical impact of using killed oral cholera vaccines in recent massive cholera epidemics, add important information ( 11 , 12 ). (pnas.org)
  • Current vaccines against cholera can take weeks to induce immunity, which limits the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns during cholera epidemics that often explode within several days. (genengnews.com)
  • In June, the WHO's office in Yemen requested 3.4 million doses of cholera vaccine from the Geneva-based International Coordinating Group (IGC) on Vaccine Provision - the gatekeeper of the vaccine stockpile system designed to deliver vaccines to countries hit by disease epidemics. (reuters.com)
  • During the rainy season in informal villages in Zambia, floodwaters can mix with pit latrines and unsafe, poorly dug water sources, creating rivers of contaminated water with the potential to cause and spread cholera epidemics. (upi.com)
  • Cholera cases and epidemics are tracked by public-health authorities, such as the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The use of oral cholera vaccine should greatly improve our ability to prevent and control epidemics, and ultimately, to save more lives. (fiercepharma.com)
  • If the observed genetic differences have to do with severity of symptoms, then this could explain why more recent cholera epidemics have been less deadly , even before the emergence of the El Tor strain. (historyofvaccines.org)
  • Lead author Dr. Dennis Chao said a plan should be in place to mitigate cholera epidemics expected in other regions of the developing world. (fredhutch.org)
  • We expect cholera epidemics to appear in other regions of the developing world and we believe that we should have a plan in place to mitigate them," Chao said. (fredhutch.org)
  • Reflecting on the complementary roles of water management and immunisation in preventing cholera epidemics that have afflicted Zambia for four decades. (gavi.org)
  • Zambia has had cholera epidemics every year for the past 35 years. (gavi.org)
  • Today · New Exhibit Cholera to COVID-19: Epidemics, Pandemics & Disease Opens at METC. (yahoo.com)
Dose34
  • The FDA recently approved external icon a single-dose live oral cholera vaccine called Vaxchora ® (lyophilized CVD 103-HgR) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of cholera vaccine , or has any severe, life-threatening allergies . (cdc.gov)
  • If you have ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction after a previous dose of any cholera vaccine, or if you have a severe allergy to any ingredient in this vaccine, you should not get the vaccine. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is a live, weakened vaccine administered as a single, oral liquid dose of about three fluid ounces at least 10 days before travel to a cholera-affected region. (medscape.com)
  • A single-dose vaccine is especially beneficial to a person who needs to travel to a cholera-affected region on short notice. (medscape.com)
  • Oral: 100 mL (single dose) administered ≥10 days prior to potential cholera exposure. (drugs.com)
  • One dose of vaccine will usually satisfy entry requirements for persons who anticipate travel to such countries and who will be vaccinated in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • With the threat or occurrence of epidemic cholera, health authorities of some countries may require evidence of a complete primary series of two doses or a booster dose within 6 months before arrival. (cdc.gov)
  • Because rice grains contain varying amounts of the vaccine-roughly 30 micrograms per seed-a pill of some kind would need to be created to make sure people get the proper dose. (scientificamerican.com)
  • [8] A single dose vaccine is available for those traveling to an area where cholera is common. (bingj.com)
  • The oral cholera vaccine is usually given in two doses, however officials have decided to give one dose to each person, allowing them to treat double the number of people and slow the epidemic as quickly as possible. (upi.com)
  • MSF recommended providing a single dose of the vaccine to ensure maximum coverage immediately, and to deliver a second dose later when more supplies became available. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • According to these results, people vaccinated can be protected against cholera a few days after receiving one dose," said Dr. Francisco Luquero, a medical epidemiologist at Epicentre. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • ACIP members unanimously voted to recommend routine administration of the MenACWY-D vaccine to HIV-infected patients ages 2 months and older using a two-dose series two months apart, AAFP liaison to the ACIP Margot Savoy, M.D., M.P.H., of Wilmington, Del. (aafp.org)
  • MenACWY-D vaccine is also recommended for routine vaccination of adolescents, preferably at age 11 or 12, with a booster dose given at age 16. (aafp.org)
  • The ACIP gave a Category A recommendation to use of this single-dose, live attenuated oral vaccine, which should be administered 10 days or more before travel. (aafp.org)
  • I have a feeling that even though there is a two-dose schedule option, the workgroup will say it doesn't provide adequate protection, so we should continue to use three doses of Trumenba in adolescents and two doses for the other vaccine (Novartis' Bextero),' Savoy said. (aafp.org)
  • At U.S.$1.25 per dose, MORACVAX is the world's first cholera vaccine that is inexpensive enough for widespread use in the developing world. (peoplesworld.org)
  • The resulting vaccine had a 66 percent success rate, a good safety record, and a production cost as low as 20-cents per dose. (peoplesworld.org)
  • The vaccination campaign achieved high coverage rates, with the two-dose vaccine achieving 75.8 percent coverage in Boffa and 75.9 percent in Forecariah. (fiercepharma.com)
  • In fact, we found that although the full two-dose vaccine regimen confers more immunity than a single dose, it may be preferable to give one dose to more people rather than two doses to fewer people, because two doses must be administered 14 days apart and would incur a longer delay. (the-scientist.com)
  • Vaxchora is a single-dose oral cholera vaccine. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • The vaccine costs $1.85 a dose, and two doses are needed over a few weeks' time to achieve 60 to 85 percent protection. (wncw.org)
  • Against this backdrop, advocates of cholera vaccination in Haiti realized it would be crucial to show the feasibility of cholera vaccination in settings where at-risk populations are hard to reach, need to understand vaccination, and must return for a second dose. (wncw.org)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is now recommending that adults traveling to areas of active cholera transmission receive a recently-approved, single-dose oral vaccine. (modernmedicine.com)
  • The authors note that the current cost of the two existing vaccines, at $5 and $1.50 per dose, make a good case for international investment in production and distribution of a stockpile. (fredhutch.org)
  • A study examining the immune response to one of them in Haitian adults finds that while the first vaccine round elicits a strong cholera-specific response in the mucosa (the first point of contact with the cholera pathogen), the booster dose after 2 weeks does not appear to stimulate the immune system further. (flutrackers.com)
  • Those that received the first dose probably didn't get the message that there's a limit after which the vaccine won't give you protection - until you get the second dose. (gavi.org)
  • Mass Vaccination with a Two-Dose Oral Cholera Vaccine in a Refugee Camp. (msf.org)
  • We therefore conducted a study to assess the feasibility of such a campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in a refugee camp. (msf.org)
  • Feasibility of a mass vaccination campaign using a two-dose oral cholera vaccine in an urban cholera-endemic setting in Mozambique. (msf.org)
  • Oral cholera vaccines represent a new effective tool to fight cholera and are licensed as two-dose regimens with 2-4 weeks between doses. (msf.org)
  • this oral vaccine is about 80% effective three months after a single oral dose in adults 18-64 years old. (medicinenet.com)
  • A single dose of cholera vaccine is normally delivered by mouth. (ekidcare.com)
20183
  • Dominique Legros, a WHO cholera expert, told Reuters the aim would be to vaccinate in a step-wise plan, district by district, starting early in 2018. (reuters.com)
  • The global Oral Cholera Vaccine market is valued at million US$ in 2017 and will reach million US$ by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of during 2018-2025. (reportsnreports.com)
  • Why is Zambia presenting a cholera resolution to the 2018 World Health Assembly in Geneva? (gavi.org)
Sanitation22
  • The mainstays of control of cholera consist of provision of clean water and adequate sanitation, appropriate rehydration therapy of cholera patients, and antibiotics for severely affected patients. (pnas.org)
  • She agreed with two reviewers, Maureen O'Leary and and Kim Mulholland from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, in that a vaccine is only part of a larger program to control cholera and that the real key is access to clean water and proper sanitation. (voanews.com)
  • Despite the development of effective rehydration therapies and oral vaccines, cholera still runs rampant in many areas of the developing world such as Haiti and Yemen due to a lack of infrastructure and water sanitation. (genengnews.com)
  • Participants in the Introduction of Cholera Vaccine in Bangladesh feasibility study were aged 1 year and older and living in the urban slums of Mirpur in Dhaka, where overcrowding and poor sanitation increase the risk for cholera infection. (medscape.com)
  • Ultimately, the key to controlling cholera is clean water and adequate sanitation, which half the developing world (around 2.5 billion people) lack, but this remains a rather difficult reality for the world's poorest nations as well as those affected by climate change, war, and natural disasters," Dr Qadri said in the news release. (medscape.com)
  • It should not supersede efforts to reduce risky behaviours, and to improve sanitation and provide safe drinking water to people living in cholera-endemic areas. (medscape.com)
  • Cholera is a product of poor sanitation and lack of proper water treatment, so it occurs in areas of poverty, areas where disasters or war have disrupted social structure, and where refugees have concentrated in camps with poor water sanitation and sewage disposal. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Sub-Saharan Africa remains most often affected by cholera and suffers the highest death rate because of poor access to water, sanitation, hygiene, and basic health-care resources. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Risk factors for cholera include care of someone with cholera, being in an area where cholera is epidemic, and being in an area with poor water treatment and sanitation. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The health ministry also continued to provide care for patients at cholera 24 treatment centers and worked to improve sanitation and hygiene. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • Although adequate access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) can most sustainably prevent cholera transmission, vaccination provides temporary immunity and is especially useful in areas that lack WaSH infrastructure. (the-scientist.com)
  • Cholera is spread by direct fecal-oral and contaminated water or food routes thus the risk of cholera increases in areas where crowding, lack of access to clean water, sanitation and health care are issues. (pediatriceducation.org)
  • Poor sanitation and lack of access to clean drinking water are the main factors that contribute to the spread of cholera. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • We show that while you cannot completely control epidemic cholera with vaccines alone, you can certainly greatly reduce the number of cases and deaths, especially if you combine it with some pretty modest sanitation interventions," said Longini, a member of VIDD's Center for Statistics and Quantitative Infectious Diseases and a professor of biostatistics at the University of Washington School of Public Health. (fredhutch.org)
  • Cholera tends to affect developing countries without sanitation and water treatment facilities, preventing people from getting access to clean drinking water. (xtalks.com)
  • Oral cholera vaccination gives the government and its partners some breathing space to put into place long-term preventive measures: clean and safe water, sanitation, waste management systems, and the improvement of hygiene and food handling practices. (gavi.org)
  • Poor sanitation spurs cholera in Peru Fearful countries ban. (baltimoresun.com)
  • Cholera, a social disease arising out of poverty and a lack of basic sanitation, currently prevails in parts of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. (asm.org)
  • Provision of safe water, sanitation and personal hygiene will continue to be the critical cholera prevention and control measures. (who.int)
  • Cholera quickly spreads in areas where hygiene and sanitation are poor. (ekidcare.com)
  • A doctor may suspect cholera if a patient has severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, and rapid dehydration, especially if they have recently traveled to a place that has a recent history of cholera, or poor sanitation, or if they have recently consumed shellfish. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Prevention methods against cholera include improved sanitation and access to clean water. (wikipedia.org)
Diarrhea27
  • Cholera causes severe diarrhea and vomiting. (cdc.gov)
  • Cholera is a disease that can cause severe diarrhea and vomiting. (medlineplus.gov)
  • However, an effective antibiotic can reduce the volume of diarrhea in patients with severe cholera and shorten the period during which Vibrio cholerae O1 is excreted. (medscape.com)
  • Severe cholera can lead to profuse diarrhea and vomiting, causing dehydration. (foxnews.com)
  • Cholera may be asymptomatic or mild, but 20% develop the classic uncontrollable watery diarrhea , often so severe that the stool of a victim is almost clear and does not stop. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Cholera infection can lead to severe diarrhea that causes dehydration and death if not treated promptly. (medindia.net)
  • Cholera is a bacterial infection of the intestinal tract that results in severe diarrhea followed by death from dehydration. (peoplesworld.org)
  • But, even mild cholera symptoms can ruin a trip with vomiting or diarrhea. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • A person with cholera can pass up to a liter of diarrhea per hour. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Cholera typically presents itself with vomiting, rapid heart rate, muscle cramps and severe diarrhea. (bioprepwatch.com)
  • As health responders stress the need for better disease surveillance, the United Nations' deputy humanitarian coordinator in Mozambique, Sebastian Rhodes Stampa, has said all cases of diarrhea are being treated as though they are cholera. (marshallindependent.com)
  • Cholera is a bacterial infection that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. (modernmedicine.com)
  • The vaccine does not replace prevention measures like utilizing safe food and water and practicing good hygiene, but it does reduce the chances of severe diarrhea by 90% at 10 days after vaccination and by 80% at three months after vaccination, according to ACIP. (modernmedicine.com)
  • Vibrio cholerae O1 is a noninvasive mucosal pathogen that colonizes the surface of the small intestine and elaborates cholera toxin (CT), an ADP-ribosylating toxin that causes secretory diarrhea. (asm.org)
  • Vaccines for rotavirus and cholera have the potential to reduce diarrhea morbidity and mortality burden. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Collectively these four organisms account for a great number of cases of diarrhea across the world and vaccines targeting the most common strains of all these pathogens are currently being developed, improved and undergoing trials across the globe. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The disease, which affects only humans, is mediated by cholera toxin (CT), which is secreted by V. cholerae in the intestine and acts upon the mucosal cells of the gut, causing a copious, painless, watery diarrhea that can lead to severe dehydration and shock. (asm.org)
  • Cholera is a diarrhea based disease that can kill within a matter of hours if it is not treated in time. (counselheal.com)
  • We therefore assessed whether a combined cholera toxin BS/whole-cell (BS-WC) oral vaccine against cholera conferred cross-protection against LT-producing ETEC (LT-ETEC) diarrhea in a randomized, double-blind field trial among rural Bangladeshi children and women. (elsevier.com)
  • An untreated person with cholera may produce 10 to 20 litres (3 to 5 US gal) of diarrhea a day. (yahoo.com)
  • Cholera symptoms and signs include a rapid onset of copious, smelly diarrhea that resembles rice water and may lead to signs of dehydration (for example, vomiting , wrinkled skin, low blood pressure , dry mouth , rapid heart rate). (medicinenet.com)
  • Cholera is an acute infectious disease caused by a bacterium, Vibrio cholerae ( V. cholerae ), which usually results in a painless, watery diarrhea in humans. (medicinenet.com)
  • Cholera is a serious watery diarrhea infectious disease that may lead to malnutrition, even death if it is not treated. (ekidcare.com)
  • Cholera is a bacterial infection that can cause serious diarrhea that threatens life. (ekidcare.com)
  • Many people with cholera do not show any symptoms, but sudden diarrhea is the major symptom, which may start within 2 to 5 days of infection. (ekidcare.com)
  • Play media The primary symptoms of cholera are profuse diarrhea and vomiting of clear fluid. (wikipedia.org)
  • People infected with cholera often have diarrhea, and disease transmission may occur if this highly liquid stool, colloquially referred to as "rice-water", contaminates water used by others. (wikipedia.org)
Cases of cholera6
  • 100 cases of cholera in the previous calendar year, or 3) have not reported cholera but where experts believe cholera exists. (cdc.gov)
  • Mozambique's Ministry of Health has confirmed 1,052 cases of cholera in the aftermath of Cyclone Idai. (timesofoman.com)
  • Cases of cholera, an acute diarrheal disease, have risen dramatically since the first five cases were confirmed last week. (marshallindependent.com)
  • Although more than 200 serogroups of V. cholerae have been identified, most cases of cholera are caused by two serogoups, O1 and O139 ( 2 ). (asm.org)
  • Every year in the U.S. there are only 10 cases of cholera and all of these are imported overseas. (ekidcare.com)
  • Severe cases of cholera require intravenous fluid replacement. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Dukoral3
  • She added that the vaccine is cheap, with two doses costing $3.70 US, about a third of the price of Dukoral, the other licensed vaccine. (voanews.com)
  • The vaccine is cheap, two doses cost US$3.7, around a third of the price of the other licensed vaccine Dukoral [SBL Vaccines/Crucell]. (medscape.com)
  • The standard primary course of vaccination with Dukoral against cholera consists of 2 doses for adults and children from 6 years of age. (medicines.org.uk)
Endemic cholera4
  • Endemic cholera occurs recurrently in a predictable pattern in time and space, and this recurrent pattern confers natural immunity to cholera in affected populations. (pnas.org)
  • Many populations in the Ganges Delta experience endemic cholera ( 3 ). (pnas.org)
  • In field trials conducted in areas with endemic cholera, vaccines have been only about 50% effective in reducing the incidence of clinical illness for 3-6 months. (cdc.gov)
  • Cost-effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in a stable refugee population at risk for epidemic cholera and in a population with endemic cholera. (msf.org)
Suspected cholera cases2
  • Suspected cholera cases were confirmed by rapid test, and then teams confirmed how many of these people had been vaccinated. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Doctors Without Borders has said other suspected cholera cases have been reported outside Beira in the badly hit areas of Buzi, Tica and Nhamathanda but the chance of spread in rural areas is smaller because people are more dispersed. (marshallindependent.com)
World Health Organ13
  • These cholera vaccines are World Health Organization (WHO) prequalified, but are not available in the U.S. (cdc.gov)
  • GENEVA (Reuters) - A third producer of oral cholera vaccine has been approved that is expected to provide 3 million doses in 2016, the World Health Organization said on Friday, doubling the world's stockpile against a disease that can kill within hours. (reuters.com)
  • Some three million doses of oral cholera vaccine are currently available in a global stockpile designed for such emergencies, according to the World Health Organization. (reuters.com)
  • Washington D.C., 17 December 2010 (PAHO) -- A group of experts convened by the Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) today urged the creation of an international stockpile of cholera vaccine and called for the use of current vaccines in a pilot project in Haiti that would be expanded as more vaccine becomes available. (paho.org)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of cholera vaccines in combination with other measures among those at high risk. (bingj.com)
  • Beira: Nearly 900,000 doses of cholera vaccine procured by UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) have arrived in Beira, Mozambique, officials confirmed. (timesofoman.com)
  • In 2001, due to cholera's persistence and the apparent failures of the established preventive measures, the World Health Organization (WHO) began advocating worldwide use of oral vaccines. (peoplesworld.org)
  • Citing such complexities, spokesman Christian Lindmeier of the World Health Organization said that shipping vaccines "has to make sense," and that they could be re-routed to places that "might need them more urgently," such as some African countries. (business-standard.com)
  • The vaccine is being stockpiled by the World Health Organization (WHO) for use in emergencies. (fiercepharma.com)
  • This has forced the World Health Organization to distribute less vaccine than requested . (the-scientist.com)
  • Many partners already helping the Health Ministry tackle the disaster's impacts on multiple fronts, pitched in to support the Government's vaccination campaign, including the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, Médecins Sans Frontières, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (who.int)
  • Three other vaccines are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) but are not available in the United States. (modernmedicine.com)
  • The number of cholera cases reported to World Health Organization (WHO) annually has remained relatively constant since 1995, varying from 100,000 to 300,000 cases per year [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Prevention15
  • The cholera vaccine Vaxchora is the only one approved by the FDA for cholera prevention. (medscape.com)
  • The only other existing cholera-prevention vaccines require 2 doses, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (medscape.com)
  • Other participants in today's meeting included Matthew Waldor of Harvard University, Peter Hotez of the Sabin Vaccine Institute, Eric Mintz of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Myron Levine of the University of Maryland, John Clemens of the International Vaccine Institute, Bruce Gellin of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and William Pape of GHESKIO in Haiti. (paho.org)
  • The content draws on the latest ACIP and CDC recommendations and aims to improve provider competency around cholera prevention, diagnosis and treatment. (cdc.gov)
  • List recommendations for prevention strategies for cholera. (cdc.gov)
  • Discuss cholera vaccine recommendations and CDC resources for cholera prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • Identify strategies for cholera prevention in cooperation with patients, communities, at-risk populations, and other members of an interprofessional team of health care providers. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite high infectivity and ease of spread, prevention and treatment of cholera is relatively straightforward. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • The 64th World Health Assembly (2011) called for an integrated, comprehensive strategy of cholera prevention and control. (ifrc.org)
  • The WHA Resolution 64.15 included consideration of the use of oral cholera vaccines (OCV) "where appropriate, in conjunction with other recommended prevention and control methods and not as a substitute for such methods. (ifrc.org)
  • Vietnam has long been at the forefront of cholera prevention through public vaccination programs, challenging the practice, promoted for years by aid organizations, of deemphasizing vaccinations due to high costs, low success rates, and safety concerns. (peoplesworld.org)
  • Oral cholera vaccine was added to the WHO recommendation for cholera prevention and control in 2010, and in 2013 the WHO and partners created the emergency vaccine stockpile. (fiercepharma.com)
  • Back in 2012, I worked with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Thai Ministry of Public Health, and Première Urgence Aide Medicale Internationale to prepare for an oral cholera vaccination campaign in Maela , the largest Burmese refugee camp in Thailand. (the-scientist.com)
  • According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are an estimated three to five million cholera cases per year and over 100,000 cholera deaths per year. (vaccinenewsdaily.com)
  • Cholera vaccination is a safe and effective additional tool that can be used under the right conditions to supplement existing priority cholera control measures, not to replace them, and prevention and control measures must be accelerated before, during and after the 2 successive rounds. (who.int)
Spread of cholera2
  • Michel Le Pechoux, the Deputy Representative of UNICEF Mozambique, said, "The procurement of vaccines is one of several approaches UNICEF and its partners are taking to curb the spread of cholera, along with re-establishing water treatment systems and distributing water purification products. (timesofoman.com)
  • The WHO states that social mobilization and health education will be crucial in implementing the vaccination program and mitigating the spread of cholera. (bioprepwatch.com)
Bacterium12
  • Cholera is a highly contagious gastrointestinal infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Cholera is caused by ingesting the bacterium Vibrio cholerae . (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Cholera is an infection of the small intestine and is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. (medindia.net)
  • Killed Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera, serves as the vaccine's antigen. (peoplesworld.org)
  • Cholera and the bacterium that causes it is found in contaminated drinking water and food, often in underdeveloped countries and refugee camps. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • For the V. cholerae bacterium to infect someone with cholera, the bacterium often binds to plankton in the aquatic environment before it arrives at the human intestine via contaminated food and water sources. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae , which colonizes the small intestine without invading the epithelium. (asm.org)
  • Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which infects the intestine. (vaccinenewsdaily.com)
  • A person can get cholera by drinking water or eating food contaminated with the cholera bacterium. (yahoo.com)
  • This comes from food consumption or from drinking water that has been infected by a Vibrio cholera bacterium. (ekidcare.com)
  • It is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera (V. cholera) . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • He found a bacterium in the intestines of those who had died of cholera but could neither isolate the organism nor infect animals with it. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Vaxchora7
  • The safety and effectiveness of Vaxchora ® in pregnant or breastfeeding women is not yet known, and it is also not known how long protection lasts beyond 3 - 6 months after getting the vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • The Food and Drug Administration approved the liquid vaccine, called Vaxchora, for adults ages 18 to 64 who are traveling to countries affected by cholera. (foxnews.com)
  • Vaxchora (cholera vaccine, live). (drugs.com)
  • The ACIP also voted to recommend cholera vaccine Vaxchora from international vaccine manufacturer PaxVax Bermuda Ltd., which the FDA approved June 10. (aafp.org)
  • What Is the Cholera Vaccine (Vaxchora)? (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Vaxchora is a live, attenuated vaccine. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Do I Need A Cholera Vaccine (Vaxchora)? (passporthealthusa.com)
Efficacy10
  • Moreover, the vaccine used has sustained efficacy for up to 5 years, but efficacy beyond that time is still undetermined. (medscape.com)
  • The recommendations were based on considerations including the limited supplies of available vaccine, studies of the vaccines' safety and efficacy, and WHO recommendations on cholera vaccination, as well as conditions on the ground in Haiti. (paho.org)
  • That is pharma-speak for 'there have been no credible studies to assess the safety and efficacy of this vaccine. (prisonplanet.com)
  • There are only very limited data on protective efficacy of the vaccine in subjects aged 65 years and more. (medicines.org.uk)
  • But there is no substantial evidence of efficacy for ETEC and shigella vaccines, although several promising vaccine concepts are moving from the development and testing pipeline towards efficacy and Phase 3 trials. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Older generation injectable cholera vaccines have been abandoned since the 1970s owing to their limited efficacy and local side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Administration of OSP:TThc and adjuvant also induced memory B cell responses targeting OSP and resulted in 95% protective efficacy in a mouse lethality cholera challenge model. (harvard.edu)
  • According to the programme, only those drugs and vaccines will be sold to nations and international agencies that meet the standards of safety, efficacy and quality. (counselheal.com)
  • Oral vaccines, whether living or non-living, viral or bacterial, elicit diminished immune responses or have lower efficacy in developing countries than in developed countries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 5 year efficacy of a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in Kolkata, India: a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (msf.org)
Haiti25
  • Cholera is a risk mostly to people traveling to countries where the disease is common (Haiti, and parts of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific). (cdc.gov)
  • A vaccine campaign will begin in Haiti this month, targeting some 240,000 people, he added. (reuters.com)
  • The recent epidemic of cholera in Haiti provides a good example ( 2 ). (pnas.org)
  • In the long term, we need to make sure we have adequate supplies to respond to cholera in Haiti, in the Americas, and around the world. (paho.org)
  • While the increased availability of a vaccine is certainly good news, it should be recognized that over 10 million people live in Haiti and over 10 million live in the Dominican Republic,' said Dr. Jon K. Andrus, PAHO's deputy director and a leading vaccine expert. (paho.org)
  • Participants said the situation in Haiti clearly demonstrates the need for an international stockpile of cholera vaccine, which would stimulate vaccine production and guarantee vaccine supplies. (paho.org)
  • At the same time, the experts urged the development of a pilot project in Haiti that would utilize the immediately available vaccine and also provide lessons on how to introduce cholera vaccine effectively in a country that not only has an ongoing epidemic but also is recovering from a major earthquake. (paho.org)
  • Last month, following a request from Yemen's internationally recognized government, the WHO and several key partners agreed to send 1 million doses of vaccine, the largest of its kind since 1 million doses were sent to Haiti after Hurricane Matthew last fall. (business-standard.com)
  • Media reports have noted that many Cuban healthcare personnel work in Haiti, which has been battling a cholera epidemic since late 2010. (umn.edu)
  • Thousands of doses of cholera vaccine sit in a refrigerated trailer in a United Nations compound in Saint-Marc, Haiti, in March. (wncw.org)
  • A month ago the results of a successful cholera vaccine project in Haiti became available . (wncw.org)
  • Universal cholera vaccination in Haiti would require almost 20 million doses. (wncw.org)
  • On the advice of PAHO, Haiti decided against cholera vaccination after the disease was introduced, most likely by United Nations peacekeeping forces from a cholera-endemic area. (wncw.org)
  • More than 1 billion people are at risk for cholera in endemic countries with an estimated 2.86 million cases and ~95,000 deaths annually Cholera is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia but has areas that have become epidemic such as Haiti and Yemen in the past few years. (pediatriceducation.org)
  • Can Vaccines Break Cholera's Deadly Hold On Haiti? (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • Haitians suffering from cholera symptoms rest at the treatment center in Mirebalais, a dusty town north of Port-au-Prince, Haiti, last June. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • The cholera epidemic in Haiti began in Mirebalais, believed to be the result of overflowing bathrooms from a nearby U.N. compound. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • For decades, Haiti had been considered a potential cholera flash point. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • Ever since cholera appeared in Haiti in October 2010, it's been rampant in Cite Soleil. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • The strain of cholera that raced across Haiti is nearly identical to the predominant strain in Southeast Asia. (wyomingpublicmedia.org)
  • In the case of Haiti, the 2010 epidemic occurred after a 100-year absence of cholera in the country. (fredhutch.org)
  • The most recent example of Haiti demonstrates that areas that have not seen cholera in decades can be vulnerable under the combination of poverty, lack of or destruction of infrastructure, weather and natural disasters, conditions in which cholera thrives," the authors wrote. (fredhutch.org)
  • Last year, Sudan and Haiti requested from UN WHO for oral vaccine supplies so that they can conduct preventive campaigns. (counselheal.com)
  • An official report by the Ministry of Public Health and Population in Haiti states that the death toll due to the cholera epidemic has risen to 4,672 since the detection of the first case in October 2010. (vaccinenewsdaily.com)
  • In areas where cholera often occurs, such as Africa, South East Asia, or Haiti, it is more common to become infected during international journeys. (ekidcare.com)
Risk of cholera1
  • The cholera vaccine is widely used by backpackers and persons visiting locations where there is a high risk of cholera infection. (bingj.com)
Adults13
  • The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to approve the vaccine for adults 18 - 64 years old who are traveling to an area of active cholera transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Often arriving in the wake of humanitarian emergencies, epidemic cholera tends to affect children and adults equally. (pnas.org)
  • Both live and killed oral vaccines have been proven safe and protective, and killed oral vaccines have been shown to protect both children and adults against cholera for at least 2 y ( 6 - 8 ). (pnas.org)
  • Cholera vaccine is used in adults to help prevent cholera. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The administration of the vaccine to adults confers additional indirect protection (herd immunity) to children. (bingj.com)
  • Registered under the trademark MORACVAX, it produces a strong immune system response in children, who are most susceptible to cholera, as well as adults. (peoplesworld.org)
  • 2007. Safety and immunogenicity of a reformulated Vietnamese bivalent killed, whole-cell, oral cholera vaccine in adults. (springer.com)
  • While adults immunized against cholera may be well-protected, children who receive the same vaccines may be not be, according to a review conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. (xtalks.com)
  • They found that adults who received two doses of the standard cholera vaccine had a 58 percent reduced risk of contracting the infectious disease. (xtalks.com)
  • In light of their findings, Azman and his team believe this study could help inform future use of these oral cholera vaccines in both adults and children. (xtalks.com)
  • Antibody Secreting Cell Responses following Vaccination with Bivalent Oral Cholera Vaccine among Haitian Adults. (flutrackers.com)
  • Lastly, in most societies both adults and children generally prefer an oral vaccine to a parenteral injection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Safety and immunogenicity of a killed bivalent (O1 and O139) whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in adults and children in Vellore, South India. (msf.org)
Cholerae17
  • The latest oral vaccines appear to offer around 87% protection against Vibrio Cholerae, at least in the short term, stockpiling this vaccine in developed countries with effective water treatment would be pointless really, there would be little possibility of spread. (physicsforums.com)
  • Cholera, an acute watery diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae 01 and, less commonly, by V. cholerae 0139, is a major global public health problem in developing countries, causing an estimated 100,000 deaths per year and resulting in major microeconomic and macroeconomic losses. (pnas.org)
  • The vaccine-based intervention, developed by a team of scientists based at Brigham and Women's Hospital (BMH) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), is a genetically "defanged" version of HaitiWT, a particularly virulent strain of Vibrio cholerae . (genengnews.com)
  • The BMH/HHMI team's vaccine essentially uses a toothless V. cholerae as a protective shield. (genengnews.com)
  • In this article, "A Live Vaccine Rapidly Protects against Cholera in an Infant Rabbit Model," Dr. Waldor and colleagues began with the DNA sequence of the current version of the virulent V. cholerae . (genengnews.com)
  • We demonstrate that administration of HaitiV 24 hours before lethal challenge with wild-type V. cholerae reduced intestinal colonization by the wild-type strain, slowed disease progression, and reduced mortality in an infant rabbit model of cholera," wrote the article's authors. (genengnews.com)
  • Limitations of use: Effectiveness has not been established in persons living in cholera-affected areas or in persons who have preexisting immunity due to previous exposure to V. cholerae or receipt of a cholera vaccine. (drugs.com)
  • Vaccine available in the United States is prepared from a combination of phenol-inactivated suspensions of classic Inaba and Ogawa strains of Vibrio cholerae grown on agar or in broth. (cdc.gov)
  • Some antibiotics may be active against the vaccine strain of Vibrio cholerae, thereby preventing a sufficient degree of multiplication to occur in order to induce a protective immune response. (drugs.com)
  • Cholera Vaccine, USP is a sterile suspension of equal parts of Ogawa and Inaba serotypes of killed Vibrio cholerae (V. comma) in buffered sodium chloride injection. (rxlist.com)
  • Cholera is caused by more than 200 serogroups of Vibrio cholerae , a Gram-negative rod that is waterborne. (pediatriceducation.org)
  • The best-characterized marker of protective immunity to cholera is the plasma vibriocidal antibody, a complement-dependent bactericidal antibody that increases with age in areas in which cholera is endemic and is associated with protection from infection with V. cholerae . (asm.org)
  • Methodology Here we report the evaluation in mice of a conjugate vaccine for cholera (OSP:TThc) made from V. cholerae O1 Ogawa O-Specific Polysaccharide-core (OSP) and recombinant tetanus toxoid heavy chain fragment (TThc). (harvard.edu)
  • Both of these vaccines have questionable compositions, using V. cholerae O1 strains isolated in 1947 that have been inactivated by heat and formalin treatments that may denature protein. (asm.org)
  • V. cholerae O1 infection in cholera patients induces both memory B and T cell responses ( 12 - 14 ). (asm.org)
  • These killed whole-cell vaccines are based on V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 and do not contain the toxin Bsubunit. (who.int)
  • Cholera is caused by a number of types of Vibrio cholerae, with some types producing more severe disease than others. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemic cholera5
  • Epidemic cholera occurs unpredictably against a background of no or little natural immunity in the populations at risk. (pnas.org)
  • Historically, endemic and epidemic cholera commonly has occurred in parts of southern and southeastern Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • Longini, along with co-author Dr. Elizabeth Halloran and lead author Dr. Dennis Chao, also of VIDD, recommends that a comprehensive global plan be developed for the use of cholera vaccine to treat epidemic cholera. (fredhutch.org)
  • Currently, cholera vaccines are in short supply and little is known about effective vaccination strategies for epidemic cholera, according to the study. (fredhutch.org)
  • Various factors, such as the necessity for multiple doses, poor protection of children under 5 years of age, the requirement of a cold supply chain, production costs, and complex logistics of vaccine delivery, greatly reduce the suitability of either of these vaccines for endemic or epidemic cholera control in resource-poor settings. (asm.org)
Deaths8
  • On March 8, Zambia's Ministry of Health reported 104 cholera cases, though that number ballooned to 664 cases and 12 deaths as of April 7, according to Doctors Without Borders. (upi.com)
  • There are an estimated 3-5 million cholera cases and 100,000-120,000 deaths due to cholera every year. (ifrc.org)
  • The government has confirmed only three cholera deaths, but dissidents have reported from 5 to 15 deaths, according to the story. (umn.edu)
  • So far no cholera deaths have been confirmed, the report said. (marshallindependent.com)
  • It's estimated that 400,000 people have contracted the infection, with up to 1,900 cholera-associated deaths so far. (xtalks.com)
  • Children under 5 years of age are very vulnerable to cholera and account for the highest incidence of cholera cases and more than half of the resulting deaths. (asm.org)
  • Despite being easy to treat, cholera is estimated to affect between 3 and 5 million people each year, and it causes over 100,000 deaths worldwide. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cholera affects an estimated 3-5 million people worldwide and causes 28,800-130,000 deaths a year. (wikipedia.org)
Immunity7
  • HaitiV-mediated protection required viable vaccine, and rapid protection kinetics are not consistent with development of adaptive immunity. (genengnews.com)
  • However, since it does not provide 100 percent immunity from the disease, food hygiene precautions are also recommended when visiting an area where there is a high risk of becoming infected with cholera . (bingj.com)
  • Many known factors about cholera (for example, duration of immunity and seasonality) are still unknown for COVID-19. (the-scientist.com)
  • The body responds to this safe version of cholera and creates an immunity to the infection. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Background: Protective immunity against cholera is serogroup specific. (harvard.edu)
  • Development of a cholera conjugate vaccine could assist in inducing long-term protective immunity, especially in young children who respond poorly to polysaccharide antigens. (harvard.edu)
  • Vaccines for cholera control: does herd immunity play a role. (lshtm.ac.uk)
Dehydration4
  • Cholera is often severely debilitating and lethal because of rapid dehydration and lack of access to medical support. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Although easily treated, cholera can lead to severe diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in those who contract it, usually through water contaminated by infected faeces , the United States nonprofit the Mayo Clinic says on its website. (mg.co.za)
  • A person with cholera can quickly lose fluids, up to 20 liters a day, so severe dehydration and shock can occur. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • It is normally dehydration that leads to death from cholera, so the most important treatment is to give oral hydration solution (ORS), also known as oral rehydration therapy (ORT). (medicalnewstoday.com)
Producing cholera toxin1
  • Immunologist Hiroshi Kiyono of the University of Tokyo and his colleagues inserted the genetic material from the microbe responsible for producing cholera toxin into a rice plant, whose genome has recently been sequenced. (scientificamerican.com)
Infection6
  • The MIT team's new probiotic mix could be consumed regularly as a preventative measure in regions where cholera is common, or used to treat people soon after infection occurs, said James Collins, Ph.D., a professor of biomedical engineering and the senior author of one of the new STM articles. (genengnews.com)
  • Vaccine should not be used to manage contacts of persons with imported cases or to control the spread of infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Persons using standard tourist accomodations in countries affected by cholera are at virtually no risk of infection. (cdc.gov)
  • FILE - In this July 1, 2017, photo, a man is treated for suspected cholera infection at a hospital in Sanaa, Yemen. (nbcnewyork.com)
  • Cholera is a bacterial infection found in food or water sources contaminated with feces (poop). (passporthealthusa.com)
  • Cholera vaccine, like any vaccine, cannot protect everyone from infection. (ekidcare.com)
Active cholera transmission2
  • In November 2020, this document was updated to add one country and remove one country considered to have areas of active cholera transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Based upon these data, CDC classifies each country as having "widespread," "localized," or "presumed" active cholera transmission, and updates these areas in the vaccine recommendation section on each country's destination page. (cdc.gov)
Stockpile of oral cholera vaccine2
  • Meanwhile, in 2013, a global emergency stockpile of oral cholera vaccine was created under the supervision of the International Coordination Group on Vaccine Provision-which includes the WHO and MSF, among other partners-strengthening the capacity for action in emergency settings. (doctorswithoutborders.org)
  • Had a large stockpile of oral cholera vaccine been available and deployed to inoculate the majority of high-risk Haitians in the aftermath of last year's earthquake, the illness and death from the cholera epidemic could have been reduced by about half. (fredhutch.org)
Least 10 days2
  • It is best to wait at least 10 days after the vaccine to take antimalaria drugs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It should be administered at least 10 days before potential cholera exposure, essentially 10 days prior to a trip. (passporthealthusa.com)
Effectiveness7
  • The effectiveness of the vaccines appears to decrease by between 2 and 10% per year with a more rapid decrease with the acellular vaccines. (physicsforums.com)
  • They refer to this trial as a "welcome step towards vaccine deployment in endemic settings," although they point out that the open-label design might have biased estimates of effectiveness. (medscape.com)
  • The researchers conducted a review of seven clinical trials and six observational studies focused on assessing the effectiveness of available cholera vaccines. (xtalks.com)
  • Here I describe studies with a live oral cholera vaccine that include older children no longer deriving immune support from breast milk or maternal antibodies and that identify some of the factors accounting for the lower immunogenicity, as well as suggesting counter-measures that may enhance the effectiveness of oral immunization in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They also plan to study the vaccine's effectiveness in children under the age of five-one of the most burdened demographics of cholera. (ghtcoalition.org)
  • We did a vaccine effectiveness study in conjunction with this large public health intervention. (msf.org)
  • Effectiveness of an oral cholera vaccine campaign to prevent clinically-significant cholera in Odisha State, India. (msf.org)
Developed countries3
  • Thus, there is a poorly understood 'intestinal barrier' to successful immunization of people in less developed countries who receive oral vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cholera is common with modern water and wastewater treatment systems in the U.S. and other developed countries. (ekidcare.com)
  • Most cholera cases in developed countries are a result of transmission by food, while in developing countries it is more often water. (wikipedia.org)
Immunization8
  • They could be shipped to Yemen in time to be used in a preventative immunization campaign ahead of the rainy season, when the risk increases that cholera will spread further through water contaminated with faeces. (reuters.com)
  • Active immunization against cholera is indicated only for individuals traveling to or residing in countries where cholera is endemic or epidemic . (rxlist.com)
  • Recommendation of the Public Health Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices--Cholera Vaccine. (rxlist.com)
  • During the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) meeting June 23-24, at which the group recommended against use of live attenuated influenza vaccine during the 2016-17 flu season, members also considered and voted on other important business. (aafp.org)
  • The CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) finalized its recommendation in May, making it the only U.S.-approved vaccine against cholera. (modernmedicine.com)
  • Because they obviate the need for needles and syringes, oral vaccines allow less qualified health workers to carry out immunization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coverage and costs of mass immunization of an oral cholera vaccine in Vietnam. (msf.org)
  • This killed vaccine is well tolerated and confers high-level (85- 90%) protection for 6 months after the second immunization in all vaccinees aged more than 2 years. (who.int)
Prevent cholera1
  • Cholera vaccine can prevent cholera . (cdc.gov)
Vaccination campaign7
  • Even though the population is highly mobile, the rate of vaccine coverage with both doses was 65% in the vaccination-only group and 66% in the vaccination and behavioral change group, reflecting good acceptance of the vaccination campaign by the local community. (medscape.com)
  • Earlier this year, a cholera vaccination campaign almost got off the ground, but then never happened. (reuters.com)
  • The Health Ministry has dispatched 171,400 doses of the oral cholera vaccine to Nebbi District for a mass vaccination campaign targeting six high risk sub counties. (independent.co.ug)
  • Funded by the Vaccine Alliance Gavi, the doses will be used to immediately start a vaccination campaign. (timesofoman.com)
  • In refugee settings, the use of cholera vaccines is controversial since a mass vaccination campaign might disrupt other priority interventions. (msf.org)
  • Feasibility of a preventive mass vaccination campaign with two doses of oral cholera vaccine during a humanitarian emergency in South Sudan. (msf.org)
  • Use of a cholera rapid diagnostic test during a mass vaccination campaign in response to an epidemic in Guinea, 2012. (msf.org)
Africa6
  • Since 1961, cholera caused by the El Tor biotype has been epidemic throughout much of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa and in certain parts of Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • If you are traveling to cholera-infected areas (eg, developing countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America) cholera vaccine may help protect you from cholera. (mayoclinic.org)
  • In July 2017, a plane chartered by the United Nations idled on the tarmac at an airport in the Horn of Africa as officials waited for clearance to deliver half a million doses of cholera vaccine to Yemen. (nbcnewyork.com)
  • Cholera is a substantial health burden in many countries in Africa and Asia, where it is endemic. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Spread through contaminated water supplies and poor hygiene, cholera is active in more than 50 countries around the world, predominantly in Africa and India, according to WHO . (modernmedicine.com)
  • When traveling to Asia, Africa and some parts of Latin America, however, people need to protect themselves against cholera by having the appropriate vaccinations beforehand, drinking only water that is boiled or from a sealed bottle and following good handwashing practices. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Severe cholera3
  • Researchers found the vaccine reduced the incidence of severe cholera by 37 percent after two years - and by 45 percent in the group that had clean water and instructions in hand washing. (voanews.com)
  • Even with moderate vaccination coverage, cases of severe, life-threatening cholera went down by nearly 40%, including among children aged 5 years and younger, who are particularly susceptible to severe cholera. (medscape.com)
  • Severe cholera, without treatment, kills about half of affected individuals. (yahoo.com)
Bacterial1
  • That will reduce the incidence of many viral and bacterial infections, including dysentery, cholera and typhoid. (physicsforums.com)
Strains4
  • In this article, "Probiotic Strains Detect and Suppress Cholera in Mice," Collins and colleagues describe their probiotic-based strategy to promote colonization resistance and point-of-need diagnosis of cholera. (genengnews.com)
  • Cholera vaccines *, whether prepared from Classic or El Tor strains, are of limited usefulness. (cdc.gov)
  • This means the cholera strains within the vaccine produce an incomplete, nontoxic version of the toxin. (passporthealthusa.com)
  • After a second injection of vaccine, IgM, IgG, and IgA PFC were detected in both mouse strains with peak responses for each immunocyte class occurring within the first week after booster injection. (jimmunol.org)
Conjugate vaccine1
  • A new conjugate vaccine for cholera has been developed. (nih.gov)
Doses of vaccine3
  • Two doses of vaccine are required for an individual to be protected," said Dr Akram Ali Altoum, Federal Minister of Health, during a field visit to Sinja locality in Sinnar State. (who.int)
  • 2 doses of vaccine are required for an individual to be protected. (who.int)
  • Overall, 63,220 doses of vaccine were administered. (msf.org)
Response to cholera1
  • In contrast, only direct vibriolytic PFC were detected in spleens of NIH Albino mice during the primary response to cholera antigens. (jimmunol.org)
Typhoid5
  • Transverse myelitis following cholera, typhoid and polio vaccination. (whale.to)
  • Mittermayer CH. Lethal complications of typhoid-cholera-vaccination. (whale.to)
  • He was current with typhoid vaccine. (pediatriceducation.org)
  • The teenager was current with his standard vaccinations and received typhoid vaccine and malaria prophylaxis along with counseling regarding using insect repellent, safe water and hygiene practices. (pediatriceducation.org)
  • Today · Human challenge studies have been used to develop vaccines for diseases including typhoid, cholera and malaria. (yahoo.com)
Countries where cholera2
  • Besides safety, cost is a major concern with vaccines, particularly in developing countries where cholera poses a serious health threat. (peoplesworld.org)
  • Further research will be needed for the effective identification of high-exposure areas in developing countries where cholera vaccines can be effectively targeted when needed," Halloran said. (fredhutch.org)
Vaccinations3
  • For the review, authors looked at 40 studies that examined the effect of cholera vaccinations incorporated into a routine vaccination schedule in areas of the world where the disease is prevalent. (medindia.net)
  • Our office works on the highest level of quality, we're not just applying travel related vaccinations but preventive vaccines too. (oltokozpont.hu)
  • Nowadays inactivated cholera vaccinations are used which contain killed whole cells plus its artificially developed cholera toxin, which is to be used orally. (oltokozpont.hu)
Million doses of cholera vaccine2
  • UN officials said today that plans to ship as many as 1 million doses of cholera vaccine to Yemen are likely to be shelved over security, access and logistical challenges, even as the deadly caseload continues to balloon in parts of the war-torn country. (business-standard.com)
  • The U.N. health agency and some major partners have agreed to send one million doses of cholera vaccine to Yemen to help stanch a spiraling and increasingly deadly caseload in the impoverished country, which is already facing war and the risk of famine…" (Keaten, 6/22). (kff.org)
Acute4
  • Driehorst J, Laubenthal F. [Acute myocarditis after cholera vaccination]. (whale.to)
  • Acute renal failure after TAB and cholera vaccination. (whale.to)
  • Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease that can kill within hours if left untreated. (timesofoman.com)
  • Cholera is an acute epidemic infectious disease. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Areas where cholera1
  • In areas where cholera is epidemic or endemic, booster doses should be given every six months. (rxlist.com)
India2
  • In part, this interest reflects the safety and protective capacity of oral vaccines and, in the case of a killed oral vaccine produced in India, the low cost of the vaccine. (pnas.org)
  • Last February, the vaccine was licensed for production in India and is undergoing trials. (peoplesworld.org)
20201
  • Please note: In December 2020, the maker of this cholera vaccine will temporarily stop making and selling it. (cdc.gov)
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