A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.
Cell surface proteins that bind cholecystokinin (CCK) with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Cholecystokinin receptors are activated by GASTRIN as well as by CCK-4; CCK-8; and CCK-33. Activation of these receptors evokes secretion of AMYLASE by pancreatic acinar cells, acid and PEPSIN by stomach mucosal cells, and contraction of the PYLORUS and GALLBLADDER. The role of the widespread CCK receptors in the central nervous system is not well understood.
A subtype of cholecystokinin receptor found primarily in the PANCREAS; STOMACH; INTESTINE; and GALLBLADDER. It plays a role in regulating digestive functions such as gallbladder contraction, pancreatic enzyme secretion and absorption in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
A subtype of cholecystokinin receptor found primarily in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and the GASTRIC MUCOSA. It may play a role as a neuromodulator of dopaminergic neurotransmission the regulation of GASTRIC ACID secretion from GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS.
An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
A derivative of benzodiazepine that acts on the cholecystokinin A (CCKA) receptor to antagonize CCK-8's (SINCALIDE) physiological and behavioral effects, such as pancreatic stimulation and inhibition of feeding.
A drug that exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It is used clinically in the drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulcers.
L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.
A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.
A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.
A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.
A process whereby bile is delivered from the gallbladder into the duodenum. The emptying is caused by both contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter mechanism at the choledochal terminus.
A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.
Full gratification of a need or desire followed by a state of relative insensitivity to that particular need or desire.
A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names, 1994, p597)
A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.
A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.
Chemical substances which inhibit the function of the endocrine glands, the biosynthesis of their secreted hormones, or the action of hormones upon their specific sites.
The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.
Behavioral response associated with the achieving of gratification.
HORMONES secreted by the gastrointestinal mucosa that affect the timing or the quality of secretion of digestive enzymes, and regulate the motor activity of the digestive system organs.
The fluid containing digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas in response to food in the duodenum.
A 36-amino acid pancreatic hormone that is secreted mainly by endocrine cells found at the periphery of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS and adjacent to cells containing SOMATOSTATIN and GLUCAGON. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP), when administered peripherally, can suppress gastric secretion, gastric emptying, pancreatic enzyme secretion, and appetite. A lack of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been associated with OBESITY in rats and mice.
Cells found throughout the lining of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that contain and secrete regulatory PEPTIDE HORMONES and/or BIOGENIC AMINES.
The consumption of edible substances.
The evacuation of food from the stomach into the duodenum.
A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.
A tetradecapeptide originally obtained from the skins of toads Bombina bombina and B. variegata. It is also an endogenous neurotransmitter in many animals including mammals. Bombesin affects vascular and other smooth muscle, gastric secretion, and renal circulation and function.
Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium.
A 36-amino acid peptide produced by the L cells of the distal small intestine and colon. Peptide YY inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretion.
Antibiotic substance produced by various Streptomyces species. It is an inhibitor of enzymatic activities that involve glutamine and is used as an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent.
The major component (about 80%) of the PANCREAS composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. The acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as TRYPSINOGEN; LIPASE; AMYLASE; and RIBONUCLEASE. Secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the DUODENUM.
A radiopharmaceutical used extensively in cholescintigraphy for the evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases. (From Int Jrnl Rad Appl Inst 1992;43(9):1061-4)
A surgical procedure which diverts pancreatobiliary secretions via the duodenum and the jejunum into the colon, the remaining small intestine being anastomosed to the stomach after antrectomy. The procedure produces less diarrhea than does jejunoileal bypass.
The sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla within the duodenal papilla. The COMMON BILE DUCT and main pancreatic duct pass through this sphincter.
Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Compounds that include the amino-N-phenylamide structure.
The motor activity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Physiologic mechanisms which regulate or control the appetite and food intake.
Natural recurring desire for food. Alterations may be induced by APPETITE DEPRESSANTS or APPETITE STIMULANTS.
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).
1-Deoxy-1-(methylamino)-D-glucitol. A derivative of sorbitol in which the hydroxyl group in position 1 is replaced by a methylamino group. Often used in conjunction with iodinated organic compounds as contrast medium.
N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.
An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.
The desire for FOOD generated by a sensation arising from the lack of food in the STOMACH.
The time frame after a meal or FOOD INTAKE.
A motility disorder characterized by biliary COLIC, absence of GALLSTONES, and an abnormal GALLBLADDER ejection fraction. It is caused by gallbladder dyskinesia and/or SPHINCTER OF ODDI DYSFUNCTION.
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.
Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).
The inferior (caudal) ganglion of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. The unipolar nodose ganglion cells are sensory cells with central projections to the medulla and peripheral processes traveling in various branches of the vagus nerve.
The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)
A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also called somatotropin release-inhibiting factor. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the gut, and other organs. SRIF can also inhibit the release of THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; INSULIN; and GLUCAGON besides acting as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In a number of species including humans, there is an additional form of somatostatin, SRIF-28 with a 14-amino acid extension at the N-terminal.
A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).
Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.
A slowly hydrolyzed CHOLINERGIC AGONIST that acts at both MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS and NICOTINIC RECEPTORS.
A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.
A nontoxic radiopharmaceutical that is used in RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING for the clinical evaluation of hepatobiliary disorders in humans.
The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.
Agents that are used to suppress appetite.
The region of the STOMACH at the junction with the DUODENUM. It is marked by the thickening of circular muscle layers forming the pyloric sphincter to control the opening and closure of the lumen.
Serine proteinase inhibitors which inhibit trypsin. They may be endogenous or exogenous compounds.
Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

Proliferative effects of cholecystokinin in GH3 pituitary cells mediated by CCK2 receptors and potentiated by insulin. (1/1430)

1. Proliferative effects of CCK peptides have been examined in rat anterior pituitary GH3 cells, which express CCK2 receptors. 2. CCK-8s, gastrin(1-17) and its glycine-extended precursor G(1-17)-Gly, previously reported to cause proliferation via putative novel sites on AR4-2J and Swiss 3T3 cells, elicited significant dose dependent increases of similar magnitude in [3H]thymidine incorporation over 3 days in serum-free medium of 39 +/- 10% (P < 0.01, n = 20), 37 +/- 8% (P < 0.01, n = 27) and 41 +/- 6% (P < 0.01, n = 36) respectively. 3. CCK-8s and gastrin potentially stimulated mitogenesis (EC50 values 0.12 nM and 3.0 nM respectively), whilst G-Gly displayed similar efficacy but markedly lower potency. L-365,260 consistently blocked each peptide. The CCK2 receptor affinity of G-Gly in GH3 cells was 1.09 microM (1.01;1.17, n = 6) and 5.53 microM (3.71;5.99, n = 4) in guinea-pig cortex. 4. 1 microM G-Gly weakly stimulated Ca2+ increase, eliciting a 104 +/- 21% increase over basal Ca2+ levels, and was blocked by 1 microM L-365,260 whilst CCK-8s (100 nM) produced a much larger Ca2+ response (331 +/- 14%). 5. Insulin dose dependently enhanced proliferative effects of CCK-8s with a maximal leftwards shift of the CCK-8s curve at 100 ng ml(-1) (17 nM) (EC50 decreased 500 fold, from 0.1 nM to 0.2 pM; P < 0.0001). 10 microg ml(-1) insulin was supramaximal reducing the EC50 to 5 pM (P = 0.027) whilst 1 ng ml(-1) insulin was ineffective. Insulin weakly displaced [125I]BHCCK binding to GH3 CCK2 receptors (IC50 3.6 microM). 6. Results are consistent with mediation of G-Gly effects via CCK2 receptors in GH3 cells and reinforce the role of CCK2 receptors in control of cell growth. Effects of insulin in enhancing CCK proliferative potency may suggest that CCK2 and insulin receptors converge on common intracellular targets and indicates that mitogenic stimuli are influenced by the combination of extracellular factors present.  (+info)

Diazepam-binding inhibitor33-50 elicits Ca2+ oscillation and CCK secretion in STC-1 cells via L-type Ca2+ channels. (2/1430)

We recently isolated and characterized 86-amino acid CCK-releasing peptide from porcine intestinal mucosa. The sequence of this peptide is identical to that of porcine diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI). Intraduodenal administration of DBI stimulates the CCK release and elicits pancreatic secretion in rats. In this study we utilized a murine tumor cell line (STC-1 cells) that contains CCK to examine if DBI directly acts on these cells to stimulate CCK release. We investigated the cellular mechanisms responsible for this action. We showed that DBI33-50, a biologically active fragment of DBI1-86, significantly stimulated CCK secretion in STC-1 cells. This action was abolished by Ca2+-free medium. The mean basal intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) was 52 nM in fura 2-loaded STC-1 cells. DBI33-50 (1-1,000 nM) elicited Ca2+ oscillations; DBI33-50 (10 nM) increased the oscillation frequency to 5 cycles/10 min and elicited a net [Ca2+]i increase (peak - basal) to 157 nM. In contrast, bombesin and forskolin caused an initial transient [Ca2+]i followed by a small sustained [Ca2+]i plateau. Withdrawal of extracellular Ca2+ abolished Ca2+ oscillations stimulated by DBI33-50. L-type Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine and diltiazem (3-10 microM) markedly attenuated DBI-stimulated Ca2+ oscillations. In other cell types L-type Ca2+ channels are activated by cAMP-protein kinase A. DBI33-50 failed to stimulate cAMP formation in STC-1 cells. Similarly, DBI33-50 had no effect on myo-inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate concentration ([IP3]), whereas bombesin caused an eightfold increase in [IP3] over basal. In addition, inhibitors of phospholipase C (U-73122), phospholipase A2 (ONO-RS-082), and protein tyrosine kinase (genistein) did not alter the Ca2+ oscillations elicited by DBI33-50. It appears that DBI33-50 acts directly on STC-1 cells to elicit Ca2+ oscillations via the voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ channels, resulting in the secretion of CCK. Mediation of this action is by intracellular mechanisms independent of the traditional signal transduction pathways, including phospholipase C, phospholipase A2, protein tyrosine kinase, and cAMP systems.  (+info)

The effects of vapreotide, a somatostatin analogue, on gastric acidity, gallbladder emptying and hormone release after 1 week of continuous subcutaneous infusion in normal subjects. (3/1430)

AIMS: Somatostatin analogues (e.g. vapreotide) are used for treatment of acromegaly, endocrine tumours and variceal bleeding. The pharmacodynamic effects of vapreotide have, however, not been documented in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of continuous vapreotide administration on gastric acidity, gallbladder contraction and hormone release. METHODS: Ten healthy males participated in this randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. A constant vapreotide (or placebo) infusion (1.5 mg day(-1) s.c.) was given for 7 days with a portable pump. Intragastric pH was monitored on days 2 and 7. Gallbladder volume was sonographically assessed and the maximal ejection fraction was calculated. In addition basal and postprandial plasma levels of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) were measured. RESULTS: After an initial increase in the median 24 h intragastric pH to a value of 2.6 on day 2, vapreotide's effect on pH decreased: (day 7: median pH=1.9; respective placebo values were 1.7 and 1.5). On the same days with vapreotide treatment, gallbladder contraction and plasma levels of CCK were reduced; maximal ejection fractions after meal stimulation were 18% and 20% (respective placebo values were 57% and 62%). Plasma gastrin levels were not changed with vapreotide treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The short lasting effect of vapreotide on intragastric acidity suggests a down-regulation of somatostatin receptors during treatment. The lack of effect on gastrin indicates that the effects on gastric pH are not mediated by gastrin. Constant vapreotide infusion (but not placebo) reduced gallbladder contraction suggesting a long-lasting effect on biliary function.  (+info)

Involvement of RhoA and its interaction with protein kinase C and Src in CCK-stimulated pancreatic acini. (4/1430)

We evaluated intracellular pathways responsible for the activation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho p21 in rat pancreatic acini. Intact acini were incubated with or without CCK and carbachol, and Triton X-100-soluble and crude microsomes were used for Western immunoblotting. When a RhoA-specific antibody was used, a single band at the location of 21 kDa was detected. CCK (10 pM-10 nM) and carbachol (0.1-100 microM) dose dependently increased the amount of immunodetectable RhoA with a peak increase occurring at 3 min. High-affinity CCK-A-receptor agonists JMV-180 and CCK-OPE (1-1,000 nM) did not increase the intensities of the RhoA band, suggesting that stimulation of RhoA is mediated by the low-affinity CCK-A receptor. Although an increase in RhoA did not require the presence of extracellular Ca2+, the intracellular Ca2+ chelator 1, 2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid-AM abolished the appearance of the RhoA band in response to CCK and carbachol. The Gq protein inhibitor G protein antagonist-2A (10 microM) and the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U-73122 (10 microM) markedly reduced RhoA bands in response to CCK. The protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol ester (10-1,000 nM) dose dependently increased the intensities of the RhoA band, which were inhibited by the PKC inhibitor K-252a (1 microM). The pp60(c-src) inhibitor herbimycin A (6 microM) inhibited the RhoA band in response to CCK, whereas the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (100 microM) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin (6 microM) had no effect. RhoA was immunoprecipitated with Src, suggesting association of RhoA with Src. Increases in mass of this complex were observed with CCK stimulation. In permeabilized acini, the Rho inhibitor Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme dose dependently inhibited amylase secretion evoked by a Ca2+ concentration with an IC50 of C3 exoenzyme at 1 ng/ml. We concluded that the small GTP-binding protein RhoA p21 exists in pancreatic acini and appears to be involved in the mediation of pancreatic enzyme secretion evoked by CCK and carbachol. RhoA pathways are involved in the activation of PKC and Src cascades via Gq protein and PLC.  (+info)

Long-term CCK-leptin synergy suggests a role for CCK in the regulation of body weight. (5/1430)

The gut peptide CCK is a nutrient-related signal important to the control of food intake. In the present studies, we observed that a single intraperitoneal injection of CCK (1-2 microgram/kg) given 2-3 h after intracerebroventricular leptin (2-5 microgram) reduced body weight and chow intake over the ensuing 48 h more than did leptin alone. CCK alone had no effect on either 48-h chow intake or body weight but significantly reduced feeding during a 30-min sucrose test. However, reduction of 30-min sucrose intake by CCK was not enhanced by prior intracerebroventricular leptin. The present data suggest that CCK can contribute to the regulation of body weight when central leptin levels are elevated.  (+info)

Hormone-induced secretory and nuclear translocation of calmodulin: oscillations of calmodulin concentration with the nucleus as an integrator. (6/1430)

Many important enzyme activities are regulated by Ca2+-dependent interactions with calmodulin (CaM). Some of the most important targets for CaM action are in the nucleus, and Ca2+-dependent CaM translocation into this organelle has been reported. Hormone-evoked cytosolic Ca2+ signals occur physiologically as oscillations, but, so far, oscillations in CaM concentration have not been described. We loaded fluorescent-labeled CaM into pancreatic acinar cells and monitored the fluorescence in various regions by confocal microscopy. Sustained high concentrations of the hormone cholecystokinin or the neurotransmitter acetylcholine evoked a transient movement of cytosolic CaM from the basal nonnuclear area into the secretory granule region and, thereafter, a more substantial and prolonged translocation of CaM into the nucleoplasm. About 50% of the CaM that bound Ca2+ translocated. At a lower hormone concentration, evoking Ca2+ oscillations, regular spikes of increased CaM concentration were seen in the secretory granule region with mirror image spikes of decreased CaM concentration in the basal nonnuclear region. The nucleus was able to integrate the Ca2+ spike-evoked pulses of CaM translocation into a sustained elevation of the nucleoplasmic concentration of this protein.  (+info)

Supraspinal neurotensin-induced antianalgesia in mice is mediated by spinal cholecystokinin. (7/1430)

Intracerebral injection of neurotensin into specific brain loci in rats produces hyperalgesia due to the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the spinal cord. The present purpose was to show in another species that neurotensin can antagonize the antinociceptive action of morphine through the spinal CCK mechanism in mice. Neurotensin given intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) at doses higher than 100 ng produced antinociception in the tail flick test. However, at lower doses between 1 pg to 25 ng, neurotensin antagonized the antinociceptive action of morphine given intrathecally (i.t.), thus demonstrating the antianalgesic activity of neurotensin. The rightward shift in the morphine dose-response curve produced by i.c.v. neurotensin was eliminated by an i.t. pretreatment with CCK8 antibody (5 microl of antiserum solution diluted 1:1000). I.t. administration of lorglumide, a CCK(A)-receptor antagonist (10-1000 ng), and PD135,158, a CCK(B)-receptor antagonist (250-500 ng), also eliminated the antianalgesic action of neurotensin. Thus, the mechanism of the antianalgesic action of neurotensin given i.c.v. involved spinal CCK. This mode of action is similar to that for the antianalgesic action of supraspinal pentobarbital which also involves spinal CCK.  (+info)

Effects of alverine citrate on cat intestinal mechanoreceptor responses to chemical and mechanical stimuli. (8/1430)

BACKGROUND: Alverine citrate is commonly used in the treatment of painful affections of the colon. AIM: To determine whether alverine citrate acts on the vagal sensory endings. METHODS: Unitary recordings were performed at the level of the vagal fibres in the nodose ganglion of anaesthetized cats using extracellular glass microelectrodes, and the patterns of response to chemical and mechanical stimuli applied to identified vagal intestinal mechanoreceptors were studied. RESULTS: The intestinal mechanoreceptors located at the endings of type C vagal fibres responded mainly to mechanical stimuli (distension and contraction), but also responded to chemical substances (cholecystokinin and substance P). The most conspicuous effect of alverine (2 mg/kg) was that it significantly inhibited the pattern of vagal activity produced in response to either cholecystokinin (5-10 microg/kg), substance P (5-10 microg/kg) or phenylbiguanide (5-10 microg/kg), a 5-HT3 receptor agonist. On the other hand, the unitary vagal response to the mechanical distension was slightly enhanced by alverine, as was any spontaneous activity present. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the present data, alverine citrate can be said to decrease the sensitivity of the intestinal mechanoreceptors, which is consistent with its previously established anti-spasmodic effects.  (+info)

Treatment for biliary dyskinesia typically involves medications to relieve symptoms and reduce inflammation. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged or diseased bile ducts.

Biliary dyskinesia is also known as biliary contractility disorder or biliary spasm. It is important to note that this condition is relatively rare and typically affects individuals with pre-existing liver disease.

... is a member of the gastrin/cholecystokinin family of peptide hormones and is very similar in structure to ... Media related to Cholecystokinin at Wikimedia Commons Cholecystokinin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... "Cholecystokinin activates orexin/hypocretin neurons through the cholecystokinin A receptor". The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 ( ... Cholecystokinin, Anxiogenics, Hepatology, Intestinal hormones, Neuropeptides, Cholecystokinin agonists). ...
Cholecystokinin+Receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e (Articles with short ... Cholecystokinin receptors or CCK receptors are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones ... Beinfeld M, Chen Q, Gao F, Liddle RA, Miller LJ, Rehfeld J (2019-09-16). "Cholecystokinin receptors (version 2019.4) in the ... There are two different subtypes CCKA and CCKB which are ~50% homologous: Various cholecystokinin antagonists have been ...
A cholecystokinin receptor antagonist is a specific type of receptor antagonist which blocks the receptor sites for the peptide ... Cholecystokinin". Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 18 (4): 569-86. doi:10.1016/j.beem.2004.07.002 ... hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). There are two subtypes of this receptor known at present, defined as CCKA and CCKB (also called ...
Wang J, Si YM, Liu ZL, Yu L (Jun 2003). "Cholecystokinin, cholecystokinin-A receptor and cholecystokinin-B receptor gene ... "Entrez Gene: CCKAR cholecystokinin A receptor". Pellegrini M, Mierke DF (Nov 1999). "Molecular complex of cholecystokinin-8 and ... It is required for interaction of the cholecystokinin A receptor with its corresponding hormonal ligand. Cholecystokinin CCK-4 ... "Met-195 of the cholecystokinin-A receptor interacts with the sulfated tyrosine of cholecystokinin and is crucial for receptor ...
Cholecystokinin also stimulates the flow of bile and causes the gall bladder to contract and thus determine if the gall bladder ... Cholecystokinin, a hormone secreted by the APUD cells located in the proximal mucosa of the small intestine is administered ... The secretin-cholecystokinin test (aka Secretin-CCK test, Secretin-Pancreozymin test) is a combination of the secretin test and ... the cholecystokinin test and is used to assess the function of both the pancreas and gall bladder. ...
Wang J, Si YM, Liu ZL, Yu L (Jun 2003). "Cholecystokinin, cholecystokinin-A receptor and cholecystokinin-B receptor gene ... The cholecystokinin B receptor is stimulated by CCK and gastrin in the stomach during digestion. The cholecystokinin B receptor ... "Functional characterization of a human brain cholecystokinin-B receptor. A trophic effect of cholecystokinin and gastrin". The ... The cholecystokinin B receptor also known as CCKBR or CCK2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCKBR gene. This gene ...
Wank, SA (Nov 1995). "Cholecystokinin receptors". The American Journal of Physiology. 269 (5 Pt 1): G628-46. doi:10.1152/ajpgi. ... Takai, N; Shida, T; Uchihashi, K; Ueda, Y; Yoshida, Y (Apr 15, 1998). "Cholecystokinin as neurotransmitter and neuromodulator ... such as cholecystokinin) can be used. The ACh acts on two types of receptors, the muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic ...
The sphincter of Oddi is relaxed by the hormone cholecystokinin via vasoactive intestinal peptide. Opiates may cause spasms of ... Liddle, Rodger A. (2003-01-01). "CCK (Cholecystokinin)". Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases: 485-489. doi:10.1016/B0-12-475570- ... Wiley JW, O'Dorisio TM, Owyang C (June 1988). "Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mediates cholecystokinin-induced relaxation of ...
... of proteins is defined by the peptide hormones gastrin and cholecystokinin. Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are structurally ... Watson S, Arkinstall S (1994). "Cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin". The G-protein linked receptor factsbook. London: Academic ... CCK; GAST; Baldwin GS, Patel O, Shulkes A (February 2010). "Evolution of gastrointestinal hormones: the cholecystokinin/gastrin ... The gastrin family (also known as the gastrin/cholecystokinin family) ...
ISBN 978-981-31446-3-7. Jorpes, Johan Erik; Mutt, Viktor (1973). Secretin, Cholecystokinin, Pancreozymin and Gastrin. Berlin: ...
de Tullio P, Delarge J, Pirotte B (June 1999). "Recent advances in the chemistry of cholecystokinin receptor ligands (agonists ... Berna MJ, Tapia JA, Sancho V, Jensen RT (December 2007). "Progress in developing cholecystokinin (CCK)/gastrin receptor ligands ... de Tullio P, Delarge J, Pirotte B (January 2000). "Therapeutic and chemical developments of cholecystokinin receptor ligands". ... November 1987). "Pharmacological properties of lorglumide as a member of a new class of cholecystokinin antagonists". ...
Gastrin Cholecystokinin (CCK) The Secretin family are peptides that act as local hormones which regulate activity of G-protein ... Jens F. Rehfeld; Lennart Friis-Hansen; Jens P. Goetze; Thomas V. O. Hansen (2007-06-01). "The Biology of Cholecystokinin and ... 2007). "The biology of cholecystokinin and gastrin peptides". Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(12):1154-65. Henriksen JH, de Muckadell ...
Cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4, Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) is a peptide fragment derived from the larger peptide hormone ... February 1997). "Structure-based design of new constrained cyclic agonists of the cholecystokinin CCK-B receptor". Journal of ... Anokhina IP, Proskuriakova TV, Bespalova Z, Pal'keeva ME, Shokhonova VA, Petrichenko OB (2006). "[Effect of a cholecystokinin ... Bradwejn J (July 1993). "Neurobiological investigations into the role of cholecystokinin in panic disorder". Journal of ...
Benzodiazepine Cholecystokinin antagonist US 4820834, Evans, Ben E.; Freidinger, Roger M. & Bock, Mark G., "Benzodiazepine ... Hill DR, Woodruff GN (September 1990). "Differentiation of central cholecystokinin receptor binding sites using the non-peptide ... Cooper SJ, Dourish CT (December 1990). "Multiple cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors and CCK-monoamine interactions are ... December 1988). "Methods for drug discovery: development of potent, selective, orally effective cholecystokinin antagonists". ...
... is the ability of some endogenous chemicals (notably cholecystokinin and neuropeptide Y) to counter the effects ... Wiertelak, EP; Maier, SF; Watkins, LR (8 May 1992). "Cholecystokinin antianalgesia: safety cues abolish morphine analgesia" ( ...
Marshall, Fiona Hamilton (1990). Cholecystokinin/dopamine interactions in the rat basal ganglia. cam.ac.uk (PhD thesis). ...
2. Generation of the first novel lead inhibitor of cholecystokinin-8-inactivating peptidase: a strategy for the design of ... April 1996). "Characterization and inhibition of a cholecystokinin-inactivating serine peptidase". Nature. 380 (6573): 403-409 ...
... cholecystokinin, and secretin all inhibit production. The production of gastric acid in the stomach is tightly regulated by ...
... is similar in action and composition to cholecystokinin. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; ...
These include serotonin, neurotensin, cholecystokinin, prostaglandin E1, and gastrin. Clinically, the gastrocolic reflex has ... Disturbed motilin and cholecystokinin release in the irritable bowel syndrome in Scand J Gastroenterol, 31:11, pp 1110-4, PMID ...
Examples include: Secretin Cholecystokinin You C, Chey W (1987). "Secretin is an enterogastrone in humans". Dig Dis Sci. 32 (5 ... Lloyd K, Maxwell V, Chuang C, Wong H, Soll A, Walsh J (1994). "Somatostatin is released in response to cholecystokinin by ...
It acts as a cholecystokinin antagonist, which blocks both the CCKA and CCKB subtypes. It was used mainly in the treatment of ... McCleane GJ (November 1998). "The cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide enhances the analgesic efficacy of morphine in humans ... McCleane GJ (2003). "The cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide enhances the analgesic effect of dihydrocodeine". The Clinical ... "Further studies on the specificity of proglumide as a selective cholecystokinin antagonist in the central nervous system". ...
In this study, cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) and placebo were administered to 11 panic disorder patients. CCK-4 (but not ... Bradwejn, J; Koszycki, D; Meterissian, G (1990). "Cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide induces panic attacks in patients with panic ...
This causes RB-101 to be strongly synergistic with cholecystokinin antagonists, such as proglumide. Unlike the more commonly ... Noble F, Smadja C, Roques BP (December 1994). "Role of endogenous cholecystokinin in the facilitation of mu-mediated ... Valverde O, Maldonado R, Fournie-Zaluski MC, Roques BP (July 1994). "Cholecystokinin B antagonists strongly potentiate ... are enhanced by a cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist, as revealed by noxiously evoked spinal c-Fos expression in rats ...
The hormone cholecystokinin is secreted by the duodenum, and it controls the rate at which the stomach is emptied. This hormone ... Little, TJ; Horowitz, M; Feinle-Bisset, C. (2005). "Role of cholecystokinin in appetite control and body weight regulation". ... Hormones such as cholecystokinin, bombesin, neurotensin, anorectin, calcitonin, enterostatin, leptin and corticotropin- ...
"Cholecystokinin activates orexin/hypocretin neurons through the cholecystokinin A receptor". The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 ( ... cholecystokinin A receptors, and catecholamines, as well as to ghrelin, leptin, and glucose. Orexinergic neurons themselves ...
cholecystokinin antagonists, such as proglumide Newer agents such as the phosphodiesterase inhibitor ibudilast have also been ... McCleane GJ (2003). "The cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide enhances the analgesic effect of dihydrocodeine". The Clinical ...
... (PD-134,308) is a drug which acts as a cholecystokinin antagonist, selective for the CCKB subtype. In animal studies it ... van Megen HJ, Westenberg HG, den Boer JA, Slaap B, van Es-Radhakishun F, Pande AC (February 1997). "The cholecystokinin-B ... Bradwejn J, Koszycki D, Paradis M, Reece P, Hinton J, Sedman A (December 1995). "Effect of CI-988 on cholecystokinin ... Valverde O, Roques BP (March 1998). "Cholecystokinin modulates the aversive component of morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats ...
Other neurons in the superior lateral parabrachial nucleus that contain cholecystokinin have been found to prevent hypoglycemia ... "A parabrachial-hypothalamic cholecystokinin neurocircuit controls counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia". Cell Metabolism ...
John, Who's Who 2018, A & C Black, 2017 Marshall, Fiona (1990). Cholecystokinin/dopamine interactions in the rat basal ganglia ...
Refinement of the Conformation of a Critical Region of Charge-Charge Interaction between Cholecystokinin and Its Receptor. Xi- ... Refinement of the Conformation of a Critical Region of Charge-Charge Interaction between Cholecystokinin and Its Receptor. Xi- ... Refinement of the Conformation of a Critical Region of Charge-Charge Interaction between Cholecystokinin and Its Receptor. Xi- ... Refinement of the Conformation of a Critical Region of Charge-Charge Interaction between Cholecystokinin and Its Receptor ...
Dive into the research topics of Cholecystokinin inhibits independent ingestion in neonatal rats. Together they form a unique ...
Role of cholecystokinin receptor in methamphetamine-induced reverse tolerance. Takao Shimazoe, Takako Fukumoto, Takahide Shuto ... Role of cholecystokinin receptor in methamphetamine-induced reverse tolerance. / Shimazoe, Takao; Fukumoto, Takako; Shuto, ... Role of cholecystokinin receptor in methamphetamine-induced reverse tolerance. In: Japanese Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2002 ... Shimazoe T, Fukumoto T, Shuto T, Watanabe S. Role of cholecystokinin receptor in methamphetamine-induced reverse tolerance. ...
... Preparation of enriched plasma membranes from bovine gallbladder muscularis for characterization of cholecystokinin receptors ...
Cholecystokinin -- Antagonists -- Therapeutic use -- Testing. Hong Kong Polytechnic University -- Dissertations. Pages: viii, ... Unconsciously implanted memory in the presence of cholecystokinin retrieved in a behaviorally relevant context. ...
Cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in adult male rhesus monkeys: Examination of ... Cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in adult male rhesus monkeys: Examination of ... Cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in adult male rhesus monkeys: Examination of ... title = "Cholecystokinin (CCK)-induced stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in adult male rhesus monkeys: ...
Blockade of cholecystokinin-2 receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 synergistically induces cell apoptosis, and inhibits the ... Blockade of cholecystokinin-2 receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 synergistically induces cell apoptosis, and inhibits the ... However, it remains unknown whether the combination of cholecystokinin-2 (CCK-2) receptor antagonist plus COX-2 inhibitor ... However, it remains unknown whether the combination of cholecystokinin-2 (CCK-2) receptor antagonist plus COX-2 inhibitor ...
It acts as a cholecystokinin antagonist,[1] which blocks both the CCKA and CCKB subtypes.[2] It was used mainly in the ... Bunney BS, Chiodo LA, Freeman AS (1985). "Further studies on the specificity of proglumide as a selective cholecystokinin ... McCleane GJ (2003). "The cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide enhances the analgesic effect of dihydrocodeine". The Clinical ... Gaudreau P, Lavigne GJ, Quirion R (May 1990). "Cholecystokinin antagonists proglumide, lorglumide and benzotript, but not L- ...
This controversy may be because no consensus exists regarding the dose and the infusion rate of cholecystokinin or regarding ... After the gallbladder fills with the radioisotope, a cholecystokinin analog is administered. This analog stimulates emptying of ...
In: DOURISH, C.T., COOPER, S.J., IVERSEN, S.D. and IVERSEN, L.L., eds., Multiple cholecystokinin receptors in the CNS Oxford ... Cholecystokinin (CCK), endogenous opioids and spinal reflexes in the rabbit. Neuroscience Letters. S58 ... Seeking a role for cholecystokinin in the control of spinal reflexes. ...
Results A ghrelin bolus decreased the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal detected by phMRI in feeding-activated areas of the CNS in the post-prandial state. Infusion of ghrelin reversed the effect of C12 in delaying gastric emptying but had no effect on hunger. Intragastric C12 caused strong bilateral activation of a matrix of CNS areas, including the brain stem, hypothalamus and limbic areas which was attenuated by exogenous ghrelin. Ghrelin infusion alone had a small but significant stimulatory effect on CNS BOLD signals.. ...
Cholecystokinin (CCK) (4) CKS-17 (1) Clk Kinase (1) C-Myc (1) ...
Thylakoids promote release of the satiety hormone cholecystokinin while reducing insulin in healthy humans. Scand J ... the satiety hormones cholecystokinin and leptin were reduced and the hunger hormone ghrelin was reduced after a single meal ... and raise the satiety hormone cholecystokinin in rats.(Köhnke 2009) ...
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Oxytocin Secretion in Response to Cholecystokinin and Food: Differentiation of Nausea From Satiety. Science (1986) 232:1417-9. ...
... cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive basket cells also receive depressing MF-driven EPSCs (Szabadics and Soltesz, 2009). However, in ...
Whats more, protein such as whey comprises Glycomacropeptide, which triggers Cholecystokinin. This hormone is released after ...
The pro-nociceptive cholecystokinin (CCK) system antagonises the opioid system, thus blocking placebo analgesia. (B) The pro- ... On the basis of the anti-opioid action of the octapeptide cholecystokinin (CCK), CCK antagonists have been shown to enhance ... 46 Benedetti F , Amanzio M , Casadio C , Oliaro A , Maggi G . Blockade of nocebo hyperalgesia by the cholecystokinin antagonist ... cholecystokinin, cyclooxygenase, and dopamine modulatory networks in pain; and part of the basal ganglia circuitry in ...
Action appears to be distinct from that activated by cholecystokinin.. Nakano et al. 1990 ...
MPXNOMAD CCK2 Cholecystokinin Receptor Cell Line 19.950,00€. MPXNOMAD Cells are cell lines stably co-expressing tag-free GPCRs ... Each vial of MPXNOMAD CCK2 Cholecystokinin Receptor Cell Line contains U2OS cells stably expressing the following constructs:. ... MPXNOMAD CCK2 Cholecystokinin Receptor Cell Line allows to assay compounds analyzing both signalling pathways involving ...
She found that cholecystokinin increased both the general locomotor activity of larval zebrafish, and the response to specific ... Shi focused on one neuropeptide in particular, cholecystokinin, and its role in anxiety-related behavior. She used a wide range ... She characterized the expression of cholecystokinin in regions of the brain that are poised to influence anxiety-related ... The role of cholecystokinin in anxiety-related behavior." She was nominated by Professor Alexander Schier. Her thesis ...
The excitatory effect of cholecystokinin on rat neostriatal neurons: ionic and molecular mechanisms.. Eur J Pharmacol 1996; 307 ... Gαq/11 mediates cholecystokinin activation of the cationic conductance in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons.. J Neurochem ...
Overdose can result in cholecystokinin, which stimulates and 800 mg/5 mL, and tablets. This publication was Fax: 904 ...
This study identified the Cholecystokinin-like peptide Drosulfakinin (DSK) to promote female sexual behavior in Drosophila. ...
Cha-de-bugre: A Brazilian tree, Cha-de-bugre is thought to have some effect on cholecystokinin, but this has not been ... 7. CCK Boosting Complex: CCK is short for "cholecystokinin", and its a powerful "satiety" chemical produced naturally in our ... Animal studies confirm that Simmondsin has weight loss effects in rats.They also confirm that it has cholecystokinin boosting ...
An enteroendocrine cell that is found in the small intestine and produces cholecystokinin. ...
  • However, it remains unknown whether the combination of cholecystokinin-2 (CCK-2) receptor antagonist plus COX-2 inhibitor exerts synergistic anti-tumor effects on human gastric cancer. (hku.hk)
  • Preparation of enriched plasma membranes from bovine gallbladder muscularis for characterization of cholecystokinin receptors. (umn.edu)
  • Dive into the research topics of 'Preparation of enriched plasma membranes from bovine gallbladder muscularis for characterization of cholecystokinin receptors. (umn.edu)
  • Gallbladder ejection fraction can be calculated by ultrasound, using cholecystokinin (CCK) as a stimulant for gallbladder contraction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Studies were performed with the overall goal of testing the hypothesis that cholecystokinin (CCK), a peptide hormone released from the gastrointestinal tract in response to meal consumption, provides a metabolic signal which modulates LH secretion in response to changes in the body's nutritional intake. (unthsc.edu)
  • What's more, protein such as whey comprises Glycomacropeptide, which triggers Cholecystokinin. (harcourthealth.com)
  • â-Endorphin and Cholecystokinin 8 concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of autistic children. (bvsalud.org)

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