Cholecystography. Medical search

A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

The guidelines and policy statements set forth by the editor(s) or editorial board of a publication.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

A plant genus of the family POLYGONACEAE that is used as an EDIBLE GRAIN. Although the seeds are used as cereal, the plant is not one of the cereal grasses (POACEAE).

The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.

Instructional materials used in teaching.

The branch of pharmacology that deals directly with the effectiveness and safety of drugs in humans.

The direct struggle between individuals for environmental necessities or for a common goal.

A branch of biology dealing with the structure of organisms.

A form of interactive entertainment in which the player controls electronically generated images that appear on a video display screen. This includes video games played in the home on special machines or home computers, and those played in arcades.

Forward displacement of a superior vertebral body over the vertebral body below.

The field which deals with illustrative clarification of biomedical concepts, as in the use of diagrams and drawings. The illustration may be produced by hand, photography, computer, or other electronic or mechanical methods.

Services offered to the library user. They include reference and circulation.

Transmission of live or pre-recorded audio or video content via connection or download from the INTERNET.

Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium.

Establishment of an opening into the gallbladder either for drainage or surgical communication with another part of the digestive tract, usually the duodenum or jejunum.

Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.

Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.

Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).

Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.

Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.

The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.

A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.

Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.

Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall in the absence of GALLSTONES.

Double gallbladder originating from left hepatic duct: a case report and review of literature. (1/63)

BACKGROUND: Double gallbladder is a rare anomaly of the biliary tract. Double gallbladder arising from the left hepatic duct was previously reported only once in the literature. CASE REPORT: A case of symptomatic cholelithiasis in a double gallbladder, diagnosed on preoperative ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) is reported. At laparoscopic cholangiography via the accessory gallbladder no accessory cystic duct was visualized. After conversion to open cholecystectomy, the duplicated gallbladder was found to arise directly from the left hepatic duct; it was resected and the duct repaired. CONCLUSIONS: We emphasize that a careful intraoperative cholangiographic evaluation of the accessory gallbladder is mandatory in order to prevent inadvertent injury to bile ducts, since a large variety of ductal abnormality may exist. (+info)

Abnormalities in gallbladder morphology and function in patients with cholelithiasis. (2/63)

Thirty-seven symptomatic cholelithiasis patients who had cholecystectomy were studied to determine the relationships between clinical manifestations, histologic findings and gallbladder absorptive capability. A clinical score was calculated from clinical data which we thought might be predictive of abnormal gallbladder histology. Histologic parameters indicative of gallbladder disease were used to calculate a histologic score. Shortcircuit current measurements, which reflect gallbladder sodium absorption,were used to assess absorptive function. Patients with very high clinical scores, indicative of pronounced clinical score was not predictive of histologic findings or absorptive function of the gallbladder is directly related to the degree of histologic abnormality, and that absorptive capability is not an all-or-none phenomenon. The data also show that visualization on oral cholecystography is an unreliable measure of gallbladder absorptive capability. (+info)

Assessment and treatment of recurrent peptic ulceration. (3/63)

From the experience of treating 91 patients with a proven recurrent ulcer we consider that if a proven ulcer is shown to be present and a gastrin-secreting tumour is excluded an appropriate reoperation will almost always produce a successful result (94 per cent). Before subjecting patients to reoperation all attempts must be made to secure a precise diagnosis. The following investigations should be performed: barium meal, panendoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, determination of maximum acid output (with insulin test and gastrin analysis if appropriate), and cholecystography. Before accepting a diagnosis of recurrent ulcer at least 2 of the first 3 tests should be postive. If the primary operation was a resection we advocate vagotomy alone as the second operation, provided there are no local complications such as stenosis, bleeding, or fistula. If the primary operation was a vagotomy and the recurrence is associated with a positive response to the insulin test we advocate revagotomy and antrectomy. If the insulin test is negative we normally repeat the test; if it is still negative then we use antrectomy alone. (+info)

Biliary lipid output during three meals and an overnight fast. II. Effect of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment in gallstone subjects. (4/63)

Oral treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid causes dissolution of cholesterol gallstones in man. In order to determine the mechanism of this effect, we have measured 24-hour biliary lipid output, lipid composition of fasting gallbladder bile, and bile acid pool sizes before and during such treatment in six patients with radiolucent gallstones in functioning gallbladders. In all six patients, the degree of cholesterol saturation of fasting-state gallbladder bile was decreased during treatment to a level below the thermodynamic solubility line. This effect was due to a decrease in biliary cholesterol output, associated with conversion of more than 90% of the total bile acid pool to chenodeoxycholic acid. It could not be attributed to an increase in total bile acid pool size nor to an increase in biliary bile acid or phospholipid output. (+info)

The value of radiology in predicting gallstone type when selecting patients for medical treatment. (5/63)

Since medical treatment of gallstones is confined to cholesterol-rich stones, the ability of clinical radiographs to predict gallstone type was tested prospectively by comparing the preoperative radiological appearance of gallstones from 57 unselected patients with cholelithiasis coming to cholecystectomy with the subsequent analysis of the stones both by X-ray diffraction and by chemical techniques. Fifty-two per cent of the patients had 'non-functioning' gallbladders which failed to opacify after at least two contrast examinations and 25 out of 50 had radioopaque stones. Of the 25 patients with radiolucent stones, the stones in 20 ((80%) were predominantly cholesterol in type but radiology was misleading in five; three contained 40-55% calcium salts but were still radiolucent while two were amorphous and contained less than 10% cholesterol by weight on chemical analysis. While radiology was sometimes misleading when the stones were small and irregular, large radiolucent stones with a smooth profile were invariably cholesterol-rich stones. The results also show that in men calcified stones were commoner than in women and that in older women the gallstones contained more calcium salts and less cholesterol than in younger women less than 50 yr). This paper analyses critically the value and limitations of clinical radiology in predicting gallstone type. (+info)

Gallstones after ileostomy and ileal resection. (6/63)

One hundred and eight patients with ileostomies were investigated for cholelithiasis at routine annual review in a large Ileostomy Clinic. Gallstones were demonstrated in 24-5%, which is three times the incidence that might have been expected in a population of this age and sex distribution. The frequency of cholelithiasis was significantly increased in those patients who had lost more than 10 cm of ileum at operation, regardless of whether the primary condition had been ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. It was significantly increased in those patients who had had a resection of less than 10 cm of ileum if the original condition had been Crohn's disease, but not if it had been colitis. (+info)

The study between the dynamics and the X-ray anatomy and regularizing effect of gallbladder on bile duct sphincter of the dog. (7/63)

AIM: To study the relationship between the radiological anatomy and the dynamics on bile duct sphincter in bile draining and regularizing effect of gallbladder. METHODS: Sixteen healthy dogs weighing 18 kg to 25 kg were divided randomly into control group and experimental group (cholecystectomy group). Cineradiography, manometry with perfusion, to effect of endogenous cholecystokinin and change of ultrastructure were employed. RESULTS: According to finding of the choledochography and manometry, in control group the intraluminal basal pressure of cephalic cyclic smooth muscle of choledochal sphincter cCS was 9.0+/-2.0 mmHg and that of middle oblique smooth muscle of choledochal sphincter (mOS) was 16.8+/-0.5 mmHg, the intraluminal basal pressure of cCS segment was obviously lower than that of mOS (P<0.01) in the interval period of bile draining, but significative difference of intraluminal basal pressure of the mOS segment was not found between the interval period of bile draining (16.8+/-0.5 mmHg) and the bile flowing period (15.9+/-0.9 mmHg) (P>0.05). The motility of cCS was mainly characterized by rhythmically concentric contraction, just as motility of cCS bile juice was pumped into the mOS segment in control group. And motility of mOS segment showed mainly diastolic and systolic activity of autonomically longitudinal peristalsis. There was spasmodic state in cCS and mOS segment and reaction to endogenous cholecystokinin was debased after cholecystectomy. The change of ultrastructure of cCS portion showed mainly that the myofilaments of cell line in derangement and mitochondria is swelling. CONCLUSION: During fasting, the cCS portion has a function as similar cardiac "pump" and it is main primary power source in bile draining, and mOS segment serves mainly as secondary power in bile draining. The existence of the intact gallbladder is one of the important factors in guaranteeing the functional coordination between the cCS and mOS of bile duct sphincter. There is dysfunction in the cCS and mOS with cholecystectomy. (+info)

Stomach-interposed cholecystogastrojejunostomy: a palliative approach for periampullary carcinoma. (8/63)

AIM: For patients of periampullary carcinoma found to be unresectable at the time of laparotomy, surgical palliation is the primary choice of treatment. Satisfactory palliation to maximize the quality of life with low morbidity and mortality is the gold standard for a good procedure. Our aim is to explore such a procedure as an alternative to the traditional ones. METHODS: A modified double-bypass procedure is performed by, in addition to the usual gastrojejunostomy, implanting a mushroom catheter from the gall bladder into the jejunum through the interposed stomach as an internal drainage. A retrospective review was performed including 22 patients with incurable periampullary carcinomas who underwent this surgery. RESULTS: Both jaundice and impaired liver function improved significantly after surgery. No postoperative deaths, cholangitis, gastrojejunal, biliary anastomotic leaks, recurrent jaundice or late gastric outlet obstruction occurred. Delayed gastric emptying occurred in two patients. The total surgical time was 150+/-26 min. The estimated blood loss was 160+/-25 mL. The mean length of hospital stay after surgery was 22+/-6 d. The mean survival was 8 mo (range 1.5-18 mo). CONCLUSION: In patients of unresectable periampullary malignancies, stomach-interposed cholecystogastrojejunostomy is a safe, simple and efficient technique for palliation. (+info)

Evens, Ronald G. (2009-01-07). "Roentgenologic Examination of the Gallbladder (Cholecystography)". JAMA. 301 (1): 100-101. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallinckrodt

... is an iodine-containing radiocontrast medium used in cholecystography. Both iopanoic acid and ipodate sodium are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iopanoic_acid

... in Gallbladder Mucosa in Cholecystography (JAMA, 1965;193(6):427-431. doi:10.1001/jama.1965.03090060017003). "Jim Townsend ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_or_Cure_(1962_film)

... the techniques were published in 1924 and cholecystography quickly became a widely accepted clinical procedure. Success with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallinckrodt_Institute_of_Radiology

... may be used to stimulate gallbladder contraction, as may be assessed by contrast agent cholecystography or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sincalide

Current medical practice prefers ultrasound and CT over oral cholecystography. "Cholecystography". Encyclopædia Britannica. " ... Oral cholecystography is a radiological procedure used to visualize the gallbladder and biliary channels, developed in 1924 by ... If needed, IV cholecystography and cholangiography may be done.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystography

The digital rectal examination is a relatively simple medical procedure. The patient undresses and is then placed in a position where the anus is accessible (lying on the side, squatting on the examination table, bent over it, or lying down with feet in stirrups). If the patient is lying on his/her side, the physician will usually have him/her bring one or both legs up to his/her chest. If the patient bends over the examination table or the back of a chair, the physician will have him place his elbows on the table and squat down slightly. If the patient uses the supine position, the physician will ask the patient to slide down to the end of the examination table until his/her buttocks are positioned just beyond the end and then place his/her feet in the stirrups. The physician spreads the buttocks apart and will usually examine the external area (anus and perineum) for any abnormalities such as hemorrhoids, lumps, or rashes. Then, as the patient relaxes and bears down (as if having a bowel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal_examination

Partially digested food starts to arrive in the small intestine as semi-liquid chyme, one hour after it is eaten.[citation needed] The stomach is half empty after an average of 1.2 hours.[31] After four or five hours the stomach has emptied.[32] In the small intestine, the pH becomes crucial; it needs to be finely balanced in order to activate digestive enzymes. The chyme is very acidic, with a low pH, having been released from the stomach and needs to be made much more alkaline. This is achieved in the duodenum by the addition of bile from the gall bladder combined with the bicarbonate secretions from the pancreatic duct and also from secretions of bicarbonate-rich mucus from duodenal glands known as Brunner's glands. The chyme arrives in the intestines having been released from the stomach through the opening of the pyloric sphincter. The resulting alkaline fluid mix neutralises the gastric acid which would damage the lining of the intestine. The mucus component lubricates the walls of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestive_system

... or hepatobiliary scintigraphy is scintigraphy of the hepatobiliary tract, including the gallbladder and bile ducts. The image produced by this type of medical imaging, called a cholescintigram, is also known by other names depending on which radiotracer is used, such as HIDA scan, PIPIDA scan, DISIDA scan, or BrIDA scan. Cholescintigraphic scanning is a nuclear medicine procedure to evaluate the health and function of the gallbladder and biliary system. A radioactive tracer is injected through any accessible vein and then allowed to circulate to the liver, where it is excreted into the bile ducts and stored by the gallbladder[1] until released into the duodenum. In the absence of gallbladder disease, the gallbladder is visualized within 1 hour of the injection of the radioactive tracer. If the gallbladder is not visualized within 4 hours after the injection, this indicates either cholecystitis or cystic duct obstruction, such as by cholelithiasis (gallstone formation).[2] This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholescintigraphy

... is a common medical procedure in which an instrument called a proctoscope (also known as a rectoscope, although the latter may be a bit longer) is used to examine the anal cavity, rectum, or sigmoid colon. A proctoscope is a short, straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, and usually has a small light bulb mounted at the end. It is approximately 5 inches or 15 cm long, while a rectoscope is approximately 10 inches or 25 cm long.[1] During proctoscopy, the proctoscope is lubricated and inserted into the rectum, and then the obturator is removed, allowing an unobstructed view of the interior of the rectal cavity. This procedure is normally done to inspect for hemorrhoids or rectal polyps and might be mildly uncomfortable as the proctoscope is inserted further into the rectum. Modern fibre-optic proctoscopes allow more extensive observation with less discomfort. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proctoscopy

An upper gastrointestinal series, also called an upper gastrointestinal study or contrast radiography of the upper gastrointestinal tract, is a series of radiographs used to examine the gastrointestinal tract for abnormalities. A contrast medium, usually a radiocontrast agent such as barium sulfate mixed with water, is ingested or instilled into the gastrointestinal tract, and X-rays are used to create radiographs of the regions of interest. The barium enhances the visibility of the relevant parts of the gastrointestinal tract by coating the inside wall of the tract and appearing white on the film. This in combination with other plain radiographs allows for the imaging of parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract such as the pharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and small intestine such that the inside wall lining, size, shape, contour, and patency are visible to the examiner. With fluoroscopy, it is also possible to visualize the functional movement of examined organs such as swallowing, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_meal

Weight loss surgery in adults is associated with relatively large risks and complications, compared to other treatments for obesity.[19] The likelihood of major complications from weight-loss surgery is 4%.[20] "Sleeve gastrectomy had the lowest complication and reoperation rates of the three (main weight-loss surgery) procedures.....The percentage of procedures requiring reoperations due to complications was 15.3 percent for the gastric band, 7.7 percent for gastric bypass and 1.5 percent for sleeve gastrectomy" - American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery[21] As the rate of complications appears to be reduced when the procedure is performed by an experienced surgeon, guidelines recommend that surgery be performed in dedicated or experienced units.[5] It has been observed that the rate of leaks was greater in low volume centres whereas high volume centres showed a lesser leak rate. Leak rates have now globally decreased to a mean of 1-5%. Metabolic bone disease manifesting as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipotomy

Hemorrhoids are normal vascular cushions found in the anal canal. 15% of a human's continence mechanism is attributed to the hemorrhoidal plexus. When a person coughs, for instance, the hemorrhoids will engorge with blood and increase one's ability to hold gas and stool. They are termed internal and external based on their positioning to an embryological line termed the pectinate line. Hemorrhoids above the pectinate line are considered "internal" and those below it "external".[2] Hemorrhoids are fed by arteries and drained by veins. The arterial blood supply is based on the superior rectal (hemorrhoidal) artery. Just as veins in the leg weaken and become prominent, hemorrhoidal veins also may become varicose, resulting in internal hemorrhoids or "piles". Internal hemorrhoids are divided into four grades. Grade I hemorrhoids are composed of prominent vessels, without protrusion. Grade II hemorrhoids demonstrate prolapse upon straining, with spontaneous reduction. Grade III hemorrhoids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transanal_hemorrhoidal_dearterialization

The test is performed at the time of gastroscopy. A biopsy of mucosa is taken from the antrum of the stomach, and is placed into a medium containing urea and an indicator such as phenol red. The urease produced by H. pylori hydrolyzes urea to ammonia, which raises the pH of the medium, and changes the color of the specimen from yellow (NEGATIVE) to red (POSITIVE). Among different kinds of rapid urease tests (liquid-based, gel-based, dry cool) there is a design type with single-layer sensitive element - a layer impregnated simultaneously with urea and an indicator composition. Such a design bears the risk of false-positive result due to the pH value of the gastric biopsy when it is placed on the sensitive element. Excessive salivation and alkaline bile reflux into the stomach can shift the pH value of the biopsy of the stomach towards alkaline. Drugs that reduce the acidity of the stomach, also contribute to false positive results resulting from the alkalization. In each of these cases, the pH of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_urease_test

After completion of surgery, the patient is transferred to the post anesthesia care unit and closely monitored. When the patient is judged to have recovered from the anesthesia, he/she is either transferred to a surgical ward elsewhere in the hospital or discharged home. During the post-operative period, the patient's general function is assessed, the outcome of the procedure is assessed, and the surgical site is checked for signs of infection. There are several risk factors associated with postoperative complications, such as immune deficiency and obesity. Obesity has long been considered a risk factor for adverse post-surgical outcomes. It has been linked to many disorders such as obesity hypoventilation syndrome, atelectasis and pulmonary embolism, adverse cardiovascular effects, and wound healing complications.[11] If removable skin closures are used, they are removed after 7 to 10 days post-operatively, or after healing of the incision is well under way. It is not uncommon for surgical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resection_

The primary advantage of duodenal switch (DS) surgery is that its combination of moderate intake restriction with substantial calorie malabsorption results in a higher percentage of excess weight loss versus a purely restrictive gastric bypass for all individuals [2] In a Systemic Meta Analysis of the weight loss surgical procedures Buckwald et al.[3] Type 2 diabetics have had a 98% "cure"[4] (i.e. became euglycemic) almost immediately following surgery which is due to the metabolic effect from the intestine switch. The results are so favorable that some surgeons in Europe are performing the "switch" or intestinal surgery on non-obese patients for the benefits of curing the diabetes. Novel operations are geared toward the treatment of diabetes and not necessarily to induce weight loss. Among the most prominent of these operations are the duodenal-jejunal bypass and ileal transposition where duodenal switch is a part of the operation.[5] The following observations were reported on the resolution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenal_switch

During virtual colonoscopy it is not possible to take tissue samples (biopsy) or remove polyps, so a conventional colonoscopy must be performed if abnormalities are found.[7] Also, VC does not show as much detail as a conventional colonoscopy, so polyps smaller than between 2 and 10 millimeters in diameter may not show up on the images.[8] Furthermore virtual colonoscopy performed with CT exposes the patient to ionizing radiation, on the order of a milligray.[9] Some research has demonstrated that ultra-low dose VC can be just as effective in demonstrating bowel disease due to the great difference in x-ray absorption between air and the tissue comprising the inner wall of the colon. Optical colonoscopy is taken as the "gold standard" for colorectal cancer screening by the vast majority of the medical and research communities. However, some radiologists recommend VC as a preferred approach to colorectal screening. Virtual colonoscopy is favored by some professionals because it permits complete ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_colonoscopy

Screening methods for colon cancer depend on detecting either precancerous changes such as certain kinds of polyps or on finding early and thus more treatable cancer. The extent to which screening procedures reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer or mortality depends on the rate of precancerous and cancerous disease in that population. gFOBT (guaiac fecal occult blood test) and flexible sigmoidoscopy screening have each shown benefit in randomized clinical trials.[citation needed] Evidence for other colon cancer screening tools such as iFOBT (immunochemical fecal occult blood test) or colonoscopy is substantial and guidelines have been issued by several advisory groups but does not include randomized studies. In 2009 the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) suggest that colon cancer screening modalities that are also directly preventive by removing precursor lesions should be given precedence, and prefer a colonoscopy every 10 years in average-risk individuals, beginning at age ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal_occult_blood

Repairs that utilize mesh are usually the first recommendation for the vast majority of patients including those that undergo laparoscopic repair.[4] Procedures that employ mesh are the most commonly performed as they have been able to demonstrate greater results as compared to non-mesh repairs.[11] Approaches utilizing mesh have been able to demonstrate faster return to usual activity, lower rates of persistent pain, shorter hospital stays, and a lower likelihood that the hernia will recur.[16][4][17][18][19][20] Options for mesh include either synthetic or biologic. Synthetic mesh provides the option of using "heavyweight" as well as "lightweight" variations according to the diameter and number of mesh fibers.[21] Lightweight mesh has been shown to have fewer complications related to the mesh itself than it's heavyweight counterparts.[22] It was additionally correlated with lower rates of chronic pain while sharing the same rates of hernia recurrence as compared to heavyweight ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inguinal_hernia_surgery

Röntgen discovered X-rays' medical use when he made a picture of his wife's hand on a photographic plate formed due to X-rays. The photograph of his wife's hand was the first ever photograph of a human body part using X-rays. When she saw the picture, she said, "I have seen my death."[28] The first use of X-rays under clinical conditions was by John Hall-Edwards in Birmingham, England on 11 January 1896, when he radiographed a needle stuck in the hand of an associate. On 14 February 1896, Hall-Edwards also became the first to use X-rays in a surgical operation.[29] The United States saw its first medical X-ray obtained using a discharge tube of Ivan Pulyui's design. In January 1896, on reading of Röntgen's discovery, Frank Austin of Dartmouth College tested all of the discharge tubes in the physics laboratory and found that only the Pulyui tube produced X-rays. This was a result of Pulyui's inclusion of an oblique "target" of mica, used for holding samples of fluorescent material, within the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_imaging

... (CTLM) is the trademark of Imaging Diagnostic Systems, Inc. (IDSI, United States) for its optical tomographic technique for female breast imaging. This medical imaging technique uses laser energy in the near infrared region of the spectrum, to detect angiogenesis in the breast tissue. It is optical molecular imaging for hemoglobin both oxygenated and deoxygenated. The technology uses laser in the same way computed tomography uses X-Rays, these beams travel through tissue and suffer attenuation. A laser detector measures the intensity drop and the data is collected as the laser detector moves across the breast creating a tomography image. CTLM images show hemoglobin distribution in a tissue and can detect areas of Angiogenesis surrounding malignant tumors, that stimulate this angiogenesis to obtain nutrients for growth. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computed_tomography_laser_mammography

The procedure involves the insertion of a Foley catheter into the distal urethra and minimally inflating it. This is followed by instillation of 30mL of water-soluble contrast and a plain radiograph is obtained; leakage of the contrast suggests urethral injury (usually secondary to pelvic trauma) and is an indication for surgical intervention. It is used when there is suspicion of urethral trauma, such as a history of trauma to the area followed by pain, inability to void urine, or the presence of blood at the urethral meatus, a scrotal hematoma, or free-floating prostate on rectal examination. If a urethral injury is suspected, a retrograde urethrogram should be performed before attempting to place a Foley catheter into the bladder. If there is a urethral disruption, a suprapubic catheter should be placed. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_urethrogram

Four types of confocal microscopes are commercially available: Confocal laser scanning microscopes use multiple mirrors (typically 2 or 3 scanning linearly along the x and the y axis) to scan the laser across the sample and "descan" the image across a fixed pinhole and detector.. Spinning-disk (Nipkow disk) confocal microscopes use a series of moving pinholes on a disc to scan spots of light. Since a series of pinholes scans an area in parallel each pinhole is allowed to hover over a specific area for a longer amount of time thereby reducing the excitation energy needed to illuminate a sample when compared to laser scanning microscopes. Decreased excitation energy reduces photo-toxicity and photo-bleaching of a sample often making it the preferred system for imaging live cells or organisms.. Microlens enhanced or dual spinning disk confocal microscopes work under the same principles as spinning-disk confocal microscopes except a second spinning disk containing micro-lenses is placed before the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscope

The scanner platform generates a 3 D volume of the subject's head every TR. This consists of an array of voxel intensity values, one value per voxel in the scan. The voxels are arranged one after the other, unfolding the three-dimensional structure into a single line. Several such volumes from a session are joined together to form a 4 D volume corresponding to a run, for the time period the subject stayed in the scanner without adjusting head position. This 4 D volume is the starting point for analysis. The first part of that analysis is preprocessing. The first step in preprocessing is conventionally slice timing correction. The MR scanner acquires different slices within a single brain volume at different times, and hence the slices represent brain activity at different timepoints. Since this complicates later analysis, a timing correction is applied to bring all slices to the same timepoint reference. This is done by assuming the timecourse of a voxel is smooth when plotted as a dotted line. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMRI

Scintillography is mainly used in scintillation cameras in experimental physics. For example, huge neutrino detection underground tanks filled with tetrachloroethylene are surrounded by arrays of photo detectors in order to capture the extremely rare event of a collision between the fluid's atoms and a neutrino. Another extensive use of scintillography is in medical imaging techniques which use gamma ray detectors called gamma cameras. Detectors coated with materials which scintillate when subjected to gamma rays are scanned with optical photon detectors and scintillation counters. The subjects are injected with special radionuclides which irradiate in the gamma range inside the region of interest, such as the heart or the brain. A special type of gamma camera is the SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Another medical scintillography technique, the Positron-emission tomography (PET), which uses the scintillations provoked by electron-positron annihilation phenomena. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scintigraphy

The raw data collected by a PET scanner are a list of 'coincidence events' representing near-simultaneous detection (typically, within a window of 6 to 12 nanoseconds of each other) of annihilation photons by a pair of detectors. Each coincidence event represents a line in space connecting the two detectors along which the positron emission occurred (i.e., the line of response (LOR)).. Analytical techniques, much like the reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data, are commonly used, although the data set collected in PET is much poorer than CT, so reconstruction techniques are more difficult. Coincidence events can be grouped into projection images, called sinograms. The sinograms are sorted by the angle of each view and tilt (for 3D images). The sinogram images are analogous to the projections captured by computed tomography (CT) scanners, and can be reconstructed in a similar way. However, the statistics of the data are much worse ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pet_scan

The radiation used in CT scans can damage body cells, including DNA molecules, which can lead to cancer.[12] According to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, between the 1980s and 2006, the use of CT scans has increased sixfold (+500%). The radiation doses received from CT scans is variable. Compared to the lowest dose x-ray techniques, CT scans can have 100 to 1,000 times higher dose than conventional X-rays.[45] However, a lumbar spine x-ray has a similar dose as a head CT.[46] Articles in the media often exaggerate the relative dose of CT by comparing the lowest-dose x-ray techniques (chest x-ray) with the highest-dose CT techniques. In general, the radiation dose associated with a routine abdominal CT has a radiation dose similar to 3 years average background radiation (from cosmic radiation).[47] Some experts note that CT scans are known to be "overused," and "there is distressingly little evidence of better health outcomes associated with the current high rate of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAT_scan

The WHO committee did not have enough data to create definitions for men or other ethnic groups.[5] Special considerations are involved in the use of DXA to assess bone mass in children. Specifically, comparing the bone mineral density of children to the reference data of adults (to calculate a T-score) will underestimate the BMD of children, because children have less bone mass than fully developed adults. This would lead to an over-diagnosis of osteopenia for children. To avoid an overestimation of bone mineral deficits, BMD scores are commonly compared to reference data for the same gender and age (by calculating a Z-score). Also, there are other variables in addition to age that are suggested to confound the interpretation of BMD as measured by DXA. One important confounding variable is bone size. DXA has been shown to overestimate the bone mineral density of taller subjects and underestimate the bone mineral density of smaller subjects. This error is due to the way by which DXA calculates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_energy_X-ray_absorptiometry

For flexible tomographic reconstruction, open source toolboxes are available, such as TomoPy[5], ODL or the ASTRA toolbox.[6][7] TomoPy is an open-source Python toolbox to perform tomographic data processing and image reconstruction tasks at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. TomoPy toolbox is specifically designed to be easy to use and deploy at a synchrotron facility beamline. It supports reading many common synchrotron data formats from disk through Scientific Data Exchange,[8] and includes several other processing algorithms commonly used for synchrotron data. TomoPy also includes several reconstruction algorithms, which can be run on multi-core workstations and large-scale computing facilities.[9] The ASTRA Toolbox is a MATLAB toolbox of high-performance GPU primitives for 2D and 3D tomography, from 2009-2014 developed by iMinds-Vision Lab, University of Antwerp and since 2014 jointly developed by iMinds-VisionLab, UAntwerpen and CWI, Amsterdam. The toolbox supports ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomographic_reconstruction

In the average person, the diaphragm should be intersected by the 5th to 7th anterior ribs at the mid-clavicular line, and 9 to 10 posterior ribs should be viewable on a normal PA inspiratory film. An increase in the number of viewable ribs implies hyperinflation, as can occur, for example, with obstructive lung disease or foreign body aspiration. A decrease implies hypoventilation, as can occur with restrictive lung disease, pleural effusions or atelectasis. Underexpansion can also cause interstitial markings due to parenchymal crowding, which can mimic the appearance of interstitial lung disease. Enlargement of the right descending pulmonary artery can indirectly reflect changes of pulmonary hypertension, with a size greater than 16 mm abnormal in men and 15 mm in women.[6] Appropriate penetration of the film can be assessed by faint visualization of the thoracic spines and lung markings behind the heart. The right diaphragm is usually higher than the left, with the liver being situated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chest_radiograph

... cholecystography, cholecystokinin, cholecystostomies, cholecystostomy, cholecystotomies, cholecystotomy, cholecysts, cholelith ...

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2. Surgical and Pathological Correlation of Ultrasonography, Oral Cholecystography and Radionuclide Scanning in Extrahepatic ...

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... sulphammonium betaine chlorocresol Notidanus Beck heteroagglutinin secalin rethrive craglike greenleek cholecystography ...

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholecystography

A cholecystography is an examination of the gallbladder to check for the presence of gallstones. The types of cholecystography ... What is the cpt code for cholecystography. ?. cpt code for cholecystography with oral contrast ... What are the types of cholecystography. ?. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography, Oral cholecystography, gallbladder ...

https://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_cpt_code_for_oral_cholecystography

What is cholecystography? Meaning of cholecystography medical term. What does cholecystography mean? ... Looking for online definition of cholecystography in the Medical Dictionary? cholecystography explanation free. ... Related to cholecystography: cholangiography. cholecystography. [ko″le-sis-tog´rah-fe] radiography of the gallbladder, using a ... cholecystography. /cho·le·cys·tog·ra·phy/ (-sis-tog´rah-fe) radiography of the gallbladder.cholecystograph´ic. cholecystography ...

https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cholecystography

Oral Cholecystography Agents. Last Updated on Sun, 16 Sep 2018 , Pharmacology The iodine-containing oral cholecystographic ... When the OCAs are used for these purposes, they are administered at much lower doses than when used for cholecystography. At ...

https://www.alpfmedical.info/pharmacology/oral-cholecystography-agents.html

Evens, Ronald G. (2009-01-07). "Roentgenologic Examination of the Gallbladder (Cholecystography)". JAMA. 301 (1): 100-101. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallinckrodt

When is cholecystography needed?. It is administered when symptoms of biliary system abnormalities such as jaundice, pain in ... Additional knowledge about cholecystography. The gallbladder is a pouch-shaped organ attached to the bottom of the liver, ... Cholecystography is an examination to observe the structure, morphology, and abnormal lesions of the gallbladder by X-ray after ... Oral cholecystography. *Fasting is required for 6 hours or more before inspection. ...

https://shinseungkeon.com/en/2020/04/09/introduction-to-cholecystography/

Demonstration of a choledochal cyst by means of oral cholecystography has not been reported in the American medical literature ... Congenital Choledochal Cyst: Demonstration by Oral Cholecystography. AMA Am J Dis Child. 1959;97(1):97-100. doi:10.1001/ ... Demonstration of a choledochal cyst by means of oral cholecystography has not been reported in the American medical literature ...

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/499090

Cholecystography (oral). A diagnostic test in which an x-ray is taken of the gallbladder after the patient has swallowed pills ...

https://gi.org/topics/understanding-your-gi-tract/

CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY Br Med J 1927; 1 :41 (Published 01 January 1927) *PDF ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/1/3443

Morewood, D.J.W. and Whitehouse, G.H. (1984). Ceruletide cholecystography: dose response and gallbladder function. Br. J. ... Davidsen, D. and Jorgensen, J. (1981). Gallbladder emptying with ceruletide in oral cholecystography. Acta Radiol Diagnos., 22 ... Rose, D.J. (1959). Serial cholecystography. Arch. Surg., 78, 56-66Google Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-1249-6_6

Cholecystography. X-ray that shows the flow of contrast fluid through the intestines into the gallbladder. ...

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/gallstones

2.Leiter der Abteilung für Gastroenterologie Zentrum der Inneren MedizinJohann Wolfgang Goethe UniversitätFrankfurt/Main 70Federal Republic of Germany ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-642-67429-7

Animals , Artifacts , Bile , Bile Ducts , Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic , Biliary Tract , Cholecystography , Common Bile Duct , ... Ultrasound-guided transhepatic computed tomography cholecystography in beagle dogs Ultrasound-guided transhepatic computed ... Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystography can visualize both gallbladder and biliary tract with minimal artifacts using a ... In 8 healthy beagles, CT cholecystography was conducted using four contrast formulas; two dilution ratios (11 vs. 13) and two ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/wprim-758928

cholecystography. X-ray examination of the gallbladder. choledochotomy. incision into the common bile duct. ...

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Study Chapter 8: The Digestive System flashcards from Theresa Wilson

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Cholecystography * Fluoroscopy * Intravenous Pyelogram * Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) * Positron Emission Tomography (PET) ...

https://www.carolinashealthcare.org/medical-services/childrens-services/provider-profile/bradley-mccall-1316906381

cholecystography visualization of the gallbladder through X-ray following the oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque ...

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/digestive-system-1881673/packs/3192127

cholecystography. x-ray examination of the gallbladder. colonoscopy. endoscopic visualization and examination of the large ...

https://www.studystack.com/flashcard-1152620

Oral cholecystography reveals a nonfunctioning gallbladder.. A plain abdominal radiograph that shows a right upper quadrant ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/372582-overview

A new iodine compound for cholecystography. Radiology, 9:205-8. With A. E. Osterberg. Some halogen and hydroxyl derivatives of ...

https://www.nap.edu/read/570/chapter/9

Cholecystography Podcast Cholecystography Podcast Detailed information on cholecystography, including the reasons and ...

http://www.lifebridgehealth.org/Main/HealthLibrary.aspx?subtopicid=20428

See also cholecystography. method For IV cholangiography the contrast agent is given slowly by vein, and x-ray films are taken ... A patient who is jaundiced cannot undergo either intravenous cholangiography or oral cholecystography. An alternative route for ...

http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transhepatic+cholangiography

Cholecystography. *Colonoscopy. *CT scans of the abdomen, liver, and biliary tract. *Endoscopy ...

https://www.cerebralpalsy.org/information/digestive-health

Demonstration of high prevalence and early onset by cholecystography. N Engl J Med. 1970 Dec 17. 283(25):1358-64. [Medline]. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/171386-overview

Cholecystokinin cholecystography. Radiology. 1969;93(1):1-8.. *Valberg LS, Jabbari M, Kerr JW, Curtis AC, Ramchand S, Prentice ... Cholecystokinin cholecystography. Controlled evaluation in the diagnosis and management of patients with possible acalculous ... First described with the help of cholecystokinin cholecystography,29-32 it remains a highly debated and evolving entity.33 ...

https://www.appliedradiology.com/articles/applied-hepatobiliary-scintigraphy-in-chronic-gallbladder-diseases

CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY - - The contrast media dye used for x-rays.. Date(s): 1923 to 1939 Location: St Louis, Missouri Tag(s): x-ray ... Evarts Graham developed cholecystography whereby ingestion of a contrast media dye allowed a visual image to be captured by an ...

https://historyengine.richmond.edu/search/dates/19330407-19430407/11

"For visualization of biliary ducts during cholecystography." ...

https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?mc=true&node=pt21.5.357&rgn=div5

Oral cholecystography is more useful than Ultrasonography in those presenting with chronic symptoms. ...

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Surgical_Procedures/Abdominal_Surgery/Cholecystitis

Oral Cholangiography Gallstones Cholecystokinin Biliary Gall Ultrasound Radiographic Bile Procedure Drainage Contrast agent Method Shows Surgery Cases Function Treatment Oral Cholecystography

Oral cholecystography is a radiological procedure used to visualize the gallbladder and biliary channels, developed in 1924 by American surgeons Evarts Ambrose Graham and Warren Henry Cole. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Current medical practice prefers ultrasound and CT over oral cholecystography. (wikipedia.org)
Comparison of accuracy of 99mTc-pyridoxylidene glutamate scanning with oral cholecystography and ultrasonography in diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. (thefreedictionary.com)
Oral cholecystography (OCG) was done in both pre and 3 months post-operative period to know the function and capacity of the gall bladder. (thefreedictionary.com)
Oral cholecystography (OCG-Graham cole test) was done in pre Fig 11, 13, 15, 17 and postoperative period. (thefreedictionary.com)
Cholecystography is an examination to observe the structure, morphology, and abnormal lesions of the gallbladder by X-ray after oral administration or injection of a contrast agent. (shinseungkeon.com)
Demonstration of a choledochal cyst by means of oral cholecystography has not been reported in the American medical literature until recently. (jamanetwork.com)
Gallbladder emptying with ceruletide in oral cholecystography. (springer.com)
Oral cholecystography is more useful than Ultrasonography in those presenting with chronic symptoms. (wikibooks.org)
Oral cholecystography shows stones in the gallbladder and bilary duct obstruction. (hpathy.com)
Appropriate biliary workup (ultrasound, oral cholecystography, and intravenous cholangiography) allowed a correct preoperative diagnosis. (omicsonline.org)
Additional tests may include oral cholecystography, a hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). (mayoclinic.org)
Other imaging tests: Additional tests include oral cholecystography, hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan, and computed tomography scan. (co.zw)
To analyse changes in the age- and sex-specific frequency and outcome of operation for gallstone disease over a 10-year period (I). To study anamnestic data and frequency of gallstones in people referred for oral cholecystography and to assess the number ofdays of sick leave and in-patient care during a 4 year period in patients referred for oral cholecystography (II,III). (diva-portal.org)
To study the physical and biochemical findings in patients with gallstones diagnosed by oral cholecystography and to study the prevalence of gallstones in patients with diabetes mellitus (IV,V). To study the outcome of expectant management of gallstone disease diagnosed by oral cholecystography and to analyse the risk factors for recurrent gallstone symptoms and complications (VI). (diva-portal.org)
Patients referred for oral cholecystography often have other diseases and they present unspecific symptoms. (diva-portal.org)
Gallstones diagnosed by oral cholecystography are associated with obesity and short stature in women, and high serum triglyceride and low cholesterol concentrations in both sexes. (diva-portal.org)
had had oral cholecystography for visualization of the gallbladder and could receive shock waves that would avoid lungs, bone, aneurysms, or cysts. (acpjc.org)
These actions contribute to biliary cholesterol desaturation and gradual dissolution of radiolucent cholesterol gallstones in the presence of a gall-bladder visualized by oral cholecystography. (drugbank.ca)
Other tests that can be useful are oral cholecystography, which, however, has largely fallen out of favor for the ultrasound, which is more sensitive and specific. (renalandurologynews.com)
In order to assess therapeutic progress and for timely detection of any calcification of the gallstones, depending on stone size, the gallbladder should be visualised (oral cholecystography) with overview and occlusion views in standing and supine positions (ultrasound control) 6-10 months after the beginning of treatment. (medicines.org.uk)
The gall stone dissolution rates at six and 12 months were determined by standardised oral cholecystography and expressed as the percentage reduction in the gall stone volume after treatment. (bmj.com)
At 10 centers, 600 symptomatic patients with three or fewer radiolucent gallstones 5 to 30 mm in diameter, as visualized by oral cholecystography, were randomly assigned to receive ursodiol or placebo for six months, starting one week before lithotripsy. (elsevier.com)
Conventional oral cholecystography versus single-visit oral cholecystography. (naver.com)
Renal toxicity following oral cholecystography with oragrafin (ipodate calcium). (naver.com)

If needed, IV cholecystography and cholangiography may be done. (wikipedia.org)
Iodipamide is used as a contrast agent for cholecystography and intravenous cholangiography. (drugbank.ca)

A cholecystography is an examination of the gallbladder to check for the presence of gallstones. (answers.com)
Gallstones may be diagnosed with ultrasound, cholecystography, or blood test. (encognitive.com)
Your physician may order cholecystography to obtain detailed X-ray images of your gallbladder to detect the presence of gallstones and other abnormalities. (jefferson.edu)
medical examination aid should be thoughtful inthose with radiopaque gallstones, a bladder thatopacifies on anal cholecystography, architects smallerthan 15 mm in diameter, modest fat and no orat least meek symptoms. (fatmixx.com)

1970). Cholecystokinin cholecystography. (springer.com)
Cholecystokinin cholecystography, sonography, and scintigraphy: detection of chronic acalculous cholecystitis. (ke-i.org)

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous cholecystography can visualize both gallbladder and biliary tract with minimal artifacts using a contrast agent volume of 16 mL with a 13 dilution ratio. (bvsalud.org)
Cholecystography Podcast Detailed information on cholecystography, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, after care, and an anatomical illustration of the biliary system. (lifebridgehealth.org)
Ultrasonically-guided Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholecystography (US-PTCC) for diagnosis of spontaneous internal biliary fistura. (nii.ac.jp)
Although cholecystography can be accomplished with iodinated contrast given PO or IV, contrast radiographic imaging of the biliary system is rarely pursued. (merckvetmanual.com)

The normal radiological appearance of the tip of the gall bladder, seen in a minority of cholecystograms ( see cholecystography). (oup.com)
Cholecystography is sometimes inconclusive, especially if the gall bladder is not functioning properly. (encognitive.com)

This study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound-guided computed tomography (CT) cholecystography and to establish an optimal protocol. (bvsalud.org)

The radiographic record of the gallbladder obtained by cholecystography. (cram.com)

For all contrast formulas, CT cholecystography showed the gallbladder and the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. (bvsalud.org)

An X-ray procedure, called a cholecystography, may also be recommended to get a better view of the gallbladder. (everydayhealth.com)

Release of the IG was evaluated based on cholecystography or drainage findings. (physiciansweekly.com)

Minor leakage of contrast agent temporarily occurred after contrast injection in 30% of 32 sets of CT cholecystography. (bvsalud.org)

AN older and slightly less sensitive method is cholecystography , when you swallow an iodine-containing dye that shows up the gallbladder on X-ray. (thefreedictionary.com)

cholecystography - x-ray that shows the flow of contrast fluid through the intestines into the gallbladder. (medcentral.org)

The placement of a catheter directly into the gallbladder at surgery will permit intraoperative cholecystography and demonstrate any ductal abnormalities. (vin.com)

In some of the few reported cases, diagnosis was confirmed with MRCP, CT, or cholecystography. (eurorad.org)

Ceruletide cholecystography: dose response and gallbladder function. (springer.com)

Synaptic treatment and constipation hypertension cholecystography strengths should mutually be obtained because most scooters are metabolized in the bladder and excreted in the weakness. (nervline.com)

These tests are hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid scan (HIDA), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), oral cholecystography, computerized tomography, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. (ghealth121.com)

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Double gallbladder originating from left hepatic duct: a case report and review of literature. (1/63)

Abnormalities in gallbladder morphology and function in patients with cholelithiasis. (2/63)

Assessment and treatment of recurrent peptic ulceration. (3/63)

Biliary lipid output during three meals and an overnight fast. II. Effect of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment in gallstone subjects. (4/63)

The value of radiology in predicting gallstone type when selecting patients for medical treatment. (5/63)

Gallstones after ileostomy and ileal resection. (6/63)

The study between the dynamics and the X-ray anatomy and regularizing effect of gallbladder on bile duct sphincter of the dog. (7/63)

Stomach-interposed cholecystogastrojejunostomy: a palliative approach for periampullary carcinoma. (8/63)

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Double gallbladder originating from left hepatic duct: a case report and review of literature. (1/63)

Abnormalities in gallbladder morphology and function in patients with cholelithiasis. (2/63)

Assessment and treatment of recurrent peptic ulceration. (3/63)

Biliary lipid output during three meals and an overnight fast. II. Effect of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment in gallstone subjects. (4/63)

The value of radiology in predicting gallstone type when selecting patients for medical treatment. (5/63)

Gallstones after ileostomy and ileal resection. (6/63)

The study between the dynamics and the X-ray anatomy and regularizing effect of gallbladder on bile duct sphincter of the dog. (7/63)

Stomach-interposed cholecystogastrojejunostomy: a palliative approach for periampullary carcinoma. (8/63)

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