Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).

Primary biliary cirrhosis associated with membranous glomerulonephritis. (1/278)

A 33-year-old woman was admitted to our department for evaluation of liver dysfunction and proteinuria. A liver biopsy specimen showed ductular proliferation and moderate portal fibrosis indicating stage II primary biliary cirrhosis. A renal biopsy specimen showed mild to moderate mesangial cell proliferation without crescent formation or interstitial nephritis. Immunofluorescent staining revealed deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG), third component of complement (C3), and Clq on glomerular basement membranes. The findings indicated stage I membranous glomerulonephritis. Administration of ursodesoxycholic acid together with prednisolone, azathioprine, and dipyridamole decreased proteinuria and improved cholestatic liver dysfunction.  (+info)

Administration of an unconjugated bile acid increases duodenal tumors in a murine model of familial adenomatous polyposis. (2/278)

Intestinal carcinogenesis involves the successive accumulation of multiple genetic defects until cellular transformation to an invasive phenotype occurs. This process is modulated by many epigenetic factors. Unconjugated bile acids are tumor promoters whose presence in intestinal tissues is regulated by dietary factors. We studied the role of the unconjugated bile acid, chenodeoxycholate, in an animal model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Mice susceptible to intestinal tumors as a result of a germline mutation in Apc (Min/+ mice) were given a 10 week dietary treatment with 0.5% chenodeoxycholate. Following this, the mice were examined to determine tumor number, enterocyte proliferation, apoptosis and beta-catenin expression. Intestinal tissue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were also assessed. Administration of chenodeoxycholate in the diet increased duodenal tumor number in Min/+ mice. Promotion of duodenal tumor formation was accompanied by increased beta-catenin expression in duodenal cells, as well as increased PGE2 in duodenal tissue. These data suggest that unconjugated bile acids contribute to periampullary tumor formation in the setting of an Apc mutation.  (+info)

Effect of long term simvastatin administration as an adjunct to ursodeoxycholic acid: evidence for a synergistic effect on biliary bile acid composition but not on serum lipids in humans. (3/278)

BACKGROUND: Stimulated bile acid synthesis preferentially utilises newly synthesised cholesterol, raising the possibility that combination of simvastatin (an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis) with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA; a stimulator of bile acid synthesis) may result in reduced bile acid synthesis and greater enrichment of the pool with UDCA than that achieved with UDCA treatment alone. AIMS: To investigate the effect of simvastatin and UDCA given alone and in combination on serum and biliary lipid and biliary bile acid composition. METHODS: Eighteen patients with primary non-familial hypercholesterolaemia were studied during treatment with simvastatin 20 mg/day, UDCA 10 mg/kg/day, and a combination of the two drugs. Each regimen was given in random order for three months following a three month lead in period. RESULTS: Simvastatin significantly reduced serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol but biliary cholesterol concentration remained unchanged. Combination of the two drugs had no synergistic effect on serum cholesterol concentration, but significantly increased the proportion of UDCA in the bile acid pool from 35% during UDCA to 48% during combination treatment (p<0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that: (1) simvastatin reduces serum LDL cholesterol but has no effect on biliary cholesterol concentration, supporting the concept that newly synthesised cholesterol is not the preferential source for biliary cholesterol; and (2) combination of simvastatin with UDCA has the predicted effect of enhancing the proportion of UDCA in the pool. This effect may be of benefit in the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases.  (+info)

Taurocholate-induced inhibition of hepatic lysosomal degradation of horseradish peroxidase. (4/278)

Endocytosed proteins in hepatocytes are transported to lysosomes for degradation. Metabolites accumulating in these organelles are released into bile by exocytosis, a process that seems to be regulated by the bile salt taurocholate (TC). In this study we examined if TC is also involved in the control of the lysosomal degradation of endocytosed proteins. We used [(14)C]sucrose-labeled horseradish peroxidase ([(14)C]S-HRP), a probe suitable to evaluate lysosomal proteolysis. TC-infused rats as well as isolated rat hepatocytes exposed to TC showed a significant inhibition in the lysosomal degradation of [(14)C]S-HRP (approximately 30%), with no change in either the uptake or the amount of protein reaching lysosomes. Under these conditions, the in vitro assay of lysosomal cathepsins B, L, H, and D revealed no change in their activities, suggesting that a reversible inhibition (lysosomal alkalinization?) was taking place in hepatocytes. Nevertheless, lysosomal pH measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran was shown not to be altered by TC. In addition, TC was unable to inhibit proteolysis in [(14)C]S-HRP loaded lysosomes or interfere in cathepsin assays. The results suggest that TC inhibits the lysosomal degradation of endocytosed proteins in hepatocytes and that the mechanism does not involve an effect of the bile salt per se or a rise in lysosomal pH.  (+info)

Bile acid patterns in meconium are influenced by cholestasis of pregnancy and not altered by ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. (5/278)

BACKGROUND: Data on meconium bile acid composition in newborn babies of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) are relatively scant, and changes that occur on ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) administration have not been evaluated. AIMS: To investigate bile acid profiles in meconium of neonates from untreated and UDCA treated patients with ICP. Maternal serum bile acid composition was also analysed both at diagnosis and delivery to determine whether this influences the concentration and proportion of bile acids in the meconium. PATIENTS/METHODS: The population included eight healthy pregnant women and 16 patients with ICP, nine of which received UDCA (12.5-15.0 mg/kg body weight/day) for 15+/-4 days until parturition. Bile acids were assessed in the meconium by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and in maternal serum by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Total bile acid and cholic acid concentrations in the meconium were increased (p<0.01) in newborns from patients with ICP (13.5 (5.1) and 8.4 (4.1) micromol/g respectively; mean (SEM)) as compared with controls (2.0 (0.5) and 0.8 (0.3) micromol/g respectively), reflecting the total bile acid and cholic acid levels in the maternal serum (r = 0.85 and r = 0.84, p<0.01). After UDCA administration, total bile acid concentrations decreased in the mother ( approximately 3-fold, p<0. 05) but not in the meconium. UDCA concentration in the meconium showed only a 2-fold increase after treatment, despite the much greater increase in the maternal serum (p<0.01). Lithocholic acid concentration in the meconium was not increased by UDCA treatment. CONCLUSIONS: UDCA administration does not influence the concentration and proportion of bile acids in the meconium, which in turn are altered by ICP. Moreover, this beneficial treatment for the mother does not increase meconium levels of potentially toxic metabolites of UDCA such as lithocholic acid.  (+info)

Review article: mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications of ursodeoxycholic acid in chronic liver diseases. (6/278)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol) is a non-toxic, hydrophilic bile acid used to treat predominantly cholestatic liver disorders. Better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of ursodeoxycholic acid has helped to elucidate its cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory and choleretic effects. Ursodeoxycholic acid prolongs survival in primary biliary cirrhosis and it improves biochemical parameters of cholestasis in various other cholestatic disorders including primary sclerosing cholangitis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, cystic fibrosis and total parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis. However, a positive effect on survival remains to be established in these diseases. Ursodeoxycholic acid is of unproven efficacy in non-cholestatic disorders such as acute rejection after liver transplantation, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and chronic viral hepatitis. This review outlines the present knowledge of the modes of action of ursodeoxycholic acid, and presents data from clinical trials on its use in chronic liver diseases.  (+info)

Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid administration in patients with acute viral hepatitis: a pilot study. (7/278)

BACKGROUND: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is able to improve biochemical markers of cholestasis, with a parallel decrease in transaminases, in various cholestatic liver diseases. AIM: To evaluate the effects of UDCA administration on acute viral hepatitis-related cholestasis and the course of acute viral hepatitis. METHODS: Seventy-nine consecutive patients with acute viral hepatitis (HBV: 43, HCV: 11, HAV: 15, HEV: 3, Non A-E: 7) were randomized to receive either UDCA for 3 weeks or no treatment. Liver biochemistry and serum bile acid determinations were run at weekly intervals. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in mean percentage decreases in transaminases between treated and untreated patients. By contrast, cholestatic indexes decreased significantly more quickly in patients treated with UDCA than in controls, and this effect was more evident in patients with increasing alanine transaminase levels at admission. After a peak at the end of the first week of therapy, serum levels of conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (CUDCA) showed a gradual decrease. Conjugated cholic acid (CCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CCDCA) showed a progressive decrease with the resolution of viral hepatitis, but no influence of UDCA administration was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that UDCA significantly improves cholestatic indices in patients with acute viral hepatitis, but this effect does not seem to affect the course of the illness.  (+info)

Characterisation of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis responding to long term ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. (8/278)

BACKGROUND: In some patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, ursodeoxycholic acid causes full biochemical normalisation of laboratory data; in others, indexes improve but do not become normal. AIMS: To characterise complete and incomplete responders. METHODS: Seventy patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid 10-15 mg/kg/day and followed up for 6-13 years. RESULTS: In 23 patients (33%) with mainly stage I or II disease, cholestasis indexes and aminotransferases normalised within 1-5 years, except for antimitochondrial antibodies. Histological findings improved. Indexes were not normalised in 47 patients (67%) although the improvement of their biochemical functions parallelled the trend in the first group. In these incomplete responders histological findings improved to a lesser extent. The only difference between the two groups before treatment was higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in the incomplete responders. At onset of treatment the discriminant value separating responders from incomplete responders was 660 U/l for alkaline phosphatase and 131 U/l for gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. One year later it was 239 and 27 U/l (overall predictive value for responders 92%, for incomplete responders 81%). There were no differences between the two groups concerning immune status, antimitochondrial antibody subtypes, liver histology, or any other data. HLA-B39, DRB1*08, DQB1*04 dominated in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with mainly early stages of primary biliary cirrhosis, higher values of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase are the only biochemical indexes which allow discrimination between patients who will completely or incompletely respond to ursodeoxycholic acid treatment.  (+info)

Cholagogues and choleretics are terms used to describe medications or substances that affect bile secretion and flow in the body. Here is a medical definition for each:

1. Cholagogue: A substance that promotes the discharge of bile from the gallbladder into the duodenum, often by stimulating the contraction of the gallbladder muscle. This helps in the digestion and absorption of fats. Examples include chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and some herbal remedies like dandelion root and milk thistle.
2. Choleretic: A substance that increases the production of bile by the liver or its flow through the biliary system. This can help with the digestion of fats and the elimination of waste products from the body. Examples include certain medications like ursodeoxycholic acid, as well as natural substances such as lemon juice, artichoke extract, and turmeric.

It is important to note that while cholagogues and choleretics can aid in digestion, they should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as improper use or overuse may lead to complications like diarrhea or gallstone formation.

Cholagogues+and+Choleretics at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e (Laxatives, All stub ... "unrivalled cholagogue". Cyclovalone is a choleretic and cholagogic agent. J. Elks, C. Robin Ganellin. Dictionary of Drugs. p. ... A cholagogue is a substance that is purported by humoral practitioners to encourage the discharge of bile from the system, ... 1728). Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (first ed.), s.v. "Cholagogue". Webster's Revised ...
It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, an epimer See article about Taurodeoxycholic acid as an ...
It is also known as a cholagogue and choleretic. It is manufactured from fluoranthene and succinic anhydride in the presence of ...
In medical use, it is administered as a cholagogue and choleretic. Hydrolysis of taurocholic acid yields taurine. For ...
In Brazilian pharmacopoeia, boldo is an officially listed phytotherapeutic plant, as a cholagogue and choleretic used for ...
... cholagogues and choleretics MeSH D27.505.954.483.560 - emetics MeSH D27.505.954.483.680 - lipotropic agents MeSH D27.505. ...
Cholagogues and Choleretics / therapeutic use * Cohort Studies * Disease Progression * Female * Follow-Up Studies ...
Cholagogues+and+Choleretics at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e (Laxatives, All stub ... "unrivalled cholagogue". Cyclovalone is a choleretic and cholagogic agent. J. Elks, C. Robin Ganellin. Dictionary of Drugs. p. ... A cholagogue is a substance that is purported by humoral practitioners to encourage the discharge of bile from the system, ... 1728). Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (first ed.), s.v. "Cholagogue". Websters Revised ...
Cholagogues and Choleretics / therapeutic use * Cholangiocarcinoma / etiology * Cholangitis / etiology * Cholangitis, ...
For the same reason, it is an appropriate plant for obesity and diets, since its cholagogue and choleretic properties help ... It stimulates the production of bile and empties the gallbladder (cholagogue and choleretic properties). ...
60% high fat and contains ursodeoxycholic acid, which is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. ...
It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. Terms. Ursodeoxycholic Acid Preferred Term Term UI T042654. Date01/01/1999. ... It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.. Entry Term(s). 3 alpha,7 beta-Dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic Acid Cholit-Ursan ... Cholagogues and Choleretics. Registry Number. 724L30Y2QR. Related Numbers. 128-13-2. CAS Type 1 Name. Cholan-24-oic acid, 3,7- ...
reduces bloating, aerophagia and flatulences , digestive tonic with light laxative effects , choleretic and cholagogue ... antispasmodic effects , reduces bloating, aerophagia and flatulences , digestive tonic with light laxative effects , choleretic ...
... cholagogue, choleretic, cytophlactic, deodorant, diuretic, emmenagogue,hypotensor, insecticide,nervine, parasiticide, ...
stasis = CHOLESTASIS; drugs stimulating or increasing flow of bile = CHOLAGOGUES AND CHOLERETICS. ...
ABIES ARTICHOKE Choleretic. Cholagogue. Hepatoprotective. Digestive properties of natural origin. COMPOSITION: 400 mg of ...
Naturpharm Emulsi Formula Liver Cell Protectant, Choleretic, Cholagogue, Lipid Emulsification 60 C. ...
keywords = "Autoimmune Diseases, Cholagogues and Choleretics, Family Practice, Humans, Liver Diseases, Nurse Clinicians, ...
Cholagogue: A drug or other substance that promotes the flow of bile from the gallbladder into the duodenum.. Choleretics: ... Choleretics are substances that increase the volume of secretion of bile from the liver as well as the amount of solids ... choleretic, diuretic, laxative and carminative action. Livofly syrup also helps improves overall digestive health and provides ... promote gradual detoxification that is facilitated by comprehensive elimination of toxins from the body via cholagogue, ...
Choleretic and cholagogue, laxative, antioxidant and diuretic.. Natural hepatoprotective and digestive tea. Choleretic and ... Marcelas are used for their stomachic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, carminative, anti-inflammatory and slightly sedative ...
Choleretic: stimulates bile production by the gallbladder.. · Cholagogue: promotes the secretion and flow of bile. ...
Cholagogues and Choleretics, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Humans, Ursodeoxycholic Acid. © 2023 Experimental Medicine Division, ...
It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.. ...
Cholagogues and choleretics (to support bile production and flow). · Demulcents and anti-inflammatorys (to soothe and reduce ...
Substances that increase the formation of bile have choleretic properties. (vii.48) ... Substances that improve bile flow are referred to as cholagogues. (vii.48) ...
CHOLAGOGUES AND CHOLERETICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALL DISEASES OF THE LIVER AND BILE DUCTS SUCH AS CHOLANGITIS (JAUNDICE…. Owned ...
It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. AN = /biosyn /defic /physiol permitted; urso- refers to its first isol from bears ( ...
The cholagogue and choleretic action is quite powerful, and recent investigations have shown it to be primarily due to the ... Choleretics and cholagogues are ordinarily beneficial for healthy people but may pose some problems for people with gallbladder ... Properties: cholagogue, choleretic, emmenagogue, aromatic stimulant, alterative, analgesic, astringent, antiseptic. Energetics ... Some other choleretic herbs are ginger, oregano and peppermint.. The fleshy tuber-like rhizome is used. It contains a volatile ...
Cholagogues and Choleretics. *Cholangitis. *Cholestasis. *Choroid Plexus. *Combined Modality Therapy. *Corpus Callosum ...
Choleretic (stimulates liver to produce bile). * Cholagogue (promotes the flow of bile from the gall bladder into the duodenum) ... cholagogue), cooling, useful to counter nausea, and tonifying. Mint is one the worlds most cherished headache remedies. It is ...
Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine to help increase bile flow (cholagogue and choleretic). ...
Cholagogues and Choleretics, Cholangitis, Sclerosing, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Ursodeoxycholic Acid ...
Plant known for its detoxifying properties and for its cholagogue and choleretic effectiveness. BOLDO. It possesses choleretic ... Plant known for choleretic action, promotes liver function. TURMERIC. The turmeric extract has digestive properties and it can ... Its root is rich in minerals, such as iron, potassium and fiber, its well known for its choleretic action. MILK THISTLE. It ... Plant with diuretic properties, depurative and choleretic able to promote bile secretion. CRISANTELLO. Exerts hepatoprotective ...
Anti-inflammatory, decongestant, disinfectant, diuretic, choleretic-cholagogue (stimulates the secretion and elimination of ...
It has antispasmodic, antihydrotic, astringent, estrogenic, cholagogue, choleretic, and hypoglycemic agents. *Stronrg anti- ...
It is also hepatoprotective and choleretic or cholagogue (increases bile flow).. Additional information. Weight. 0.140 kg. ...
  • Used in Herbal Medicine to help increase bile flow (choleretic) and to help relieve digestive disturbances, such as dyspepsia. (phytovie.ca)
  • It is also hepatoprotective and choleretic or cholagogue (increases bile flow). (shredded.com.au)
  • Igusol Advance SA has developed IGUSAFE WS, soluble powder of plant extracts with choleretic, cholagogue and antioxidant properties which protect the liver cells reinforcing the liver functions and enhancing performance in the animal. (thepoultrypunch.com)
  • It stimulates the production of bile and empties the gallbladder (cholagogue and choleretic properties). (botanical-online.com)
  • Choleretic - a substance that stimulates the production of bile in the liver. (simple-supplements.com)
  • Plant known for choleretic action, promotes liver function. (spagyrichealthsupplements.com)
  • Cholagogue - a medicinal agent, which promotes the discharge of bile from the system, purging it downward. (simple-supplements.com)
  • It also has choleretic and cholagogue activity, that is, it promotes the production of bile by the liver and its release in the intestine, thus improving the digestion of fatty substances. (bioprogreen.com)
  • Substances that increase the formation of bile have choleretic properties. (turmeric.com)
  • Substances that improve bile flow are referred to as cholagogues. (turmeric.com)
  • A cholagogue is a substance that is purported by humoral practitioners to encourage the discharge of bile from the system, purging it downward. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is also a cholagogue, which is a substance that speeds up the flow of bile from the liver. (potsandpans.in)
  • Traditionally used in Herbal Medicine to help increase bile flow (cholagogue and choleretic). (thegreenroot.ca)
  • For the same reason, it is an appropriate plant for obesity and diets, since its cholagogue and choleretic properties help flush cholesterol. (botanical-online.com)
  • Plant known for its detoxifying properties and for its cholagogue and choleretic effectiveness. (spagyrichealthsupplements.com)
  • It possesses choleretic and cholagogue properties, it facilitates renal elimination and that of di- gestive functions. (spagyrichealthsupplements.com)
  • Mugwort is choleretic, which means it increases the amount of bile that the liver makes. (potsandpans.in)
  • Cyclovalone is a choleretic and cholagogic agent. (wikipedia.org)
  • QUITOSÁN ABIES Extracto natural de cutículas de crustáceo y mariscos ricos en aminopolisacáridos. (laboratoriosabies.com)
  • The effects of 4-HA were also examined in animals treated with buthionine sulfoximine to decrease hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels.In normal rats, 4-HA dramatically increased bile flow rate, whereas it failed to exert a choleretic effect in TR(-) rats. (nih.gov)
  • Hepatic tonic (regenerates the tissues of the liver), choleretic, cholagogue and cholesterol, detoxifying, digestive and galactogenic (stimulates lactation). (synergsupplements.com)
  • Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic). (bvsalud.org)
  • Used in Herbal Medicine as a liver protectant, to aid digestion, and to increase bile excretion by the liver (choleretic) and stimulate contraction of the gallbladder (cholagogue). (lifestylemarkets.com)
  • The liver begins producing more bile, which is commonly referred to as a choleretic action. (evolutionaryherbalism.com)
  • Thanks to its cholagogue and choleretic properties, wormwood also serves to treat some liver diseases. (usvsukenglish.com)
  • In addition, this root favors the secretion of bile by the liver (choleretic action) and provokes the emptying of the gall bladder (cholagogue action). (therascience.com)
  • Artichoke extract relieves dyspepsia by stimulating bile production and excretion (choleretic and cholagogue effects). (avogel.co.za)
  • The gallbladder at the same time is secreting more bile into the small intestine, which is typically referred to as a cholagogue action. (evolutionaryherbalism.com)
  • Traditionally) used in Herbal Medicine to help increase bile flow (choleretic) (Godfrey et al. (gc.ca)
  • Our Dandelion Tincture helps treat digestive disturbances (dyspepsia) and increase bile flow (cholagogue and choleretic). (woofur.ca)
  • The essential oil mediates antimicrobial effects, the sesquiterpenes show antiphlogistic activity, the dicaffeoylquinic acids (DCQAs) exert choleretic effects, and the flavonoids cause the spasmolytic properties of the plant. (everphi.com)
  • In contrast to normal rats, this 4-HA metabolite was not present in bile of TR(-) rats.These results demonstrate that the major biliary metabolite of 4-HA in rats is the 4-O-beta-glucuronide, a compound that is secreted into bile at high concentrations, and may thus account in large part for the choleretic effects of 4-HA. (nih.gov)

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