OrganismsChemicals and Drugs
ChlorofluorocarbonsChlorofluorocarbons, MethaneAerosol PropellantsChlorofluorocarbons, EthaneMethaneHydrocarbons, FluorinatedMethylococcaceae
Chlorofluorocarbons
A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning fluids, solvents, and as fire extinguishing agents. They have been shown to cause stratospheric ozone depletion and have been banned for many uses.
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane
A group of methane-based halogenated hydrocarbons containing one or more fluorine and chlorine atoms.
Aerosol Propellants
Compressed gases or vapors in a container which, upon release of pressure and expansion through a valve, carry another substance from the container. They are used for cosmetics, household cleaners, and so on. Examples are BUTANES; CARBON DIOXIDE; FLUOROCARBONS; NITROGEN; and PROPANE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane
A group of ethane-based halogenated hydrocarbons containing one or more fluorine and chlorine atoms.
Methane
The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated
Methylococcaceae
A family of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria utilizing only one-carbon organic compounds and isolated from in soil and water.

Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome following exposure to a fluorocarbon. (1/60)

This report describes the case of a 43-yr-old male who developed reactive airways dysfunction syndrome after exposure to a high level of bromotrifluoromethane (CF3Br, Halon 1301), a fluorocarbon widely used in automatic fire extinguishing systems. The patient was a previously healthy, nonatopic male, who developed wheezing and intermittent and reversible obstructive ventilatory impairment starting immediately after a large accidental nonfire-related release of CF3Br in a confined space.  (+info)

Induction of genetic damage in human lymphocytes and mutations in Salmonella by trihalomethanes: role of red blood cells and GSTT1-1 polymorphism. (2/60)

The brominated trihalomethanes (THMs) are mutagenic and carcinogenic disinfection by-products frequently found in chlorinated drinking water. They can be activated to mutagens by the product of the glutathione S-transferase-Theta (GSTT1++-1) gene in Salmonella RSJ100, which has been transfected with this gene. To evaluate this phenomenon in humans, we have examined the genotoxicity of a brominated THM, bromoform (BF), using the Comet assay in human whole blood cultures exposed in vitro. No differences were found in the comet tail length between cultures from GSTT1-1(+) versus GSTT1-1(-) individuals (1.67 +/- 0.40 and 0.74 +/- 0.54 microm/mM, respectively, P = 0.28). The high variability was due to the relatively weak induction of comets by BF. Combining the data from both genotypic groups, the genotoxic potency of BF was 1.20 +/- 0.34 microm/mM (P = 0.003). GSTT1-1 is expressed in red blood cells but not in the target cells (lymphocytes), and expression within the target cell (as in Salmonella RSJ100) may be necessary for enhanced mutagenesis in GSTT1-1(+) relative to GSTT1-1(-) cultures. To examine this, we exposed Salmonella RSJ100 and a control strain not expressing the gene (TPT100) to the most mutagenic brominated THM detected in Salmonella, dibromochloromethane (DBCM), either in the presence or absence of S9 or red blood cells from GSTT1-1(+) or GSTT1-1(-) individuals. S9 did not activate DBCM in the non-expressing strain TPT100, and it did not affect the ability of the expressing strain RSJ100 to activate DBCM. As with S9, red cells from either genotypic group were unable to activate DBCM in TPT100. However, red cells (whole or lysed) from both genotypic groups completely repressed the ability of the expressing strain RSJ100 to activate DBCM to a mutagen. Such results suggest a model in which exposure to brominated THMs may pose an excess genotoxic risk in GSTT1-1(+) individuals to those organs and tissues that both express this gene and come into direct contact with the brominated THM, such as the colon. In contrast, those organs to which brominated THMs would be transported via the blood might be protected by erythrocytes. Such a proposal is reasonably consistent with the organ specificity of drinking water-associated cancer in humans, which shows slightly elevated risks for cancer of the colon and bladder but not of the liver.  (+info)

Drinking water source and chlorination byproducts in Iowa. III. Risk of brain cancer. (3/60)

The authors conducted a population-based case-control study in Iowa of 375 brain cancer patients and 2,434 controls. A postal questionnaire was used to gather information on lifetime residential history, sources of drinking water, beverage intake, and other potential risk factors. Exposure to chlorination byproducts in drinking water was estimated by combining questionnaire data with historical information from water utilities and trihalomethane levels in recent samples. The analysis included 291 cases (77.6%) and 1,983 controls (81.5%), for whom water quality information was available for at least 70% of lifetime years. Proxies represented 74.4% of cases. The mean number and mean duration of places of residence were comparable between direct and proxy respondents, suggesting little contribution to bias. After multivariate adjustment, odds ratios for brain cancer were 1.0, 1.1, 1.6, and 1.3 for exposure to chlorinated surface water of 0, 1-19, 20-39, and > or =40 years (p trend = 0.1). Among men, odds ratios were 1.0, 1.3, 1.7, and 2.5 (p trend = 0.04), and among women, 1.0, 1.0, 1.6, and 0.7 (p trend = 0.7)). Similar findings were found with estimates of average lifetime level of trihalomethanes. The association was stronger among men with above-median tap water consumption. These observations deserve further attention, especially in view of increasing glioma rates.  (+info)

Investigation of an acute chemical incident: exposure to fluorinated hydrocarbons. (4/60)

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether attendance at the site after an incident in a sewer was associated with symptoms in emergency personnel and whether the prevalence of symptoms was associated with estimated levels of exposure to any chemical hazard. METHODS: Symptoms experienced by people attending an incident involving two dead sewer workers suggested the presence of a chemical hazard, before environmental sampling confirmed any toxic agent. Self reported symptoms, estimated exposures, and biomarkers of exposure for likely agents from all 254 people who attended the incident and a referent occupational group matching the 83 emergency personnel who went to the Accident and Emergency department (A and E) in the first 48 hours were recorded. The prevalence of symptoms and concentrations of creatine phosphokinase in serum of the 83 early patients at A and E were compared with their referent occupational group. In all workers who attended the incident, the trends in symptom prevalences and concentrations of creatine phosphokinase in serum were examined by distance from the site and predefined exposure category. RESULTS: Among all workers who attended the incident, symptoms of shortness of breath and sore throat were significantly associated with indirect estimates of exposure but not associated with concentrations of creatine phosphokinase. Freon was detected in two blood samples. The early patients at A and E reported more symptoms than their matched reference group and their median concentrations of creatine phosphokinase were higher. CONCLUSIONS: The association between symptoms and concentrations of creatine phosphokinase with attendance at the site indicated the presence of a continuing hazard at the site and led to extra precautions being taken. Comparison values from the referent occupational group prevented unnecessary medical follow up.  (+info)

Effect of dichlorodifluoromethane on the appearance, viability, and integrity of Escherichia coli. (5/60)

Cultures of Escherichia coli H52 were treated with liquid dichlorodifluoromethane (fluorocarbon-12 [f-12]) for 2 h at 22 C and then examined microscopically. Treated cells tended to clump, and their cytoplasms were generally less dense and less uniform in appearance than those of control cells. E. coli ML30 was exposed to f-12 at a concentration of 1.25 X saturation for times up to 1,200 min at 22 C. Cells were examined for changes in viability (plate count), permeability (as measured by exit of alpha-[14-C]methylglucoside or uptake of omicron-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside), release of compounds absorbing at 260 nm, and lysis (changes in absorbance at 420 nm). Large losses of alpha-methylglucoside and of percentage of viability occurred after brief exposure to f-12. Release of compounds absorbing at 260 nm occurred more slowly than the aforementioned events, possibly because these molecules are larger than alpha-methylglucoside. During 1,200-min exposure to f-12, the number of survivors decreased from 10-9 to 10-4 organisms/ml, the loss of compounds absorbing at 260 nm amounted to 50 percent, and 32 percent lysis occurred. Most of these changes occurred during the first 300 min of treatment. Loss of alpha-methylglucoside was almost complete after 1-min exposure to f-12. These results suggest that death of the cell involves several stages, with a change of permeability, occurring first, followed by leakage of compounds of increasing size and, finally, lysis.  (+info)

Comparative effects of anesthetics on the viability and integrity of Escherichia coli ML30. (6/60)

Cells of Escherichia coli ML30 in a mineral salts medium were exposed to dichlorodifluoromethane (f-12), cyclopropane, halothane, or Ethrane at concentrations of 1.25, 0.2, 0.04, and 0.008 X saturation for times up to 1,200 min, and at temperatures in the range of 2 to 37 C. When any of these anesthetics were applied for 300 min at 1.25 X saturation, a substantial decrease in number of survivors occurred. Halothane was most bactericidal, cyclopropane and Ethrane were moderately bactericidal, and t-12 was least bactericidal. At saturation values of less than 1.0, none of the four anesthetics had an appreciable effect on viability of E. coli. Greatest increases in cell permeability occurred when anesthetics were used at saturation values of 1.25, and permeability changes generally decreased as the concentrations of the chemicals were reduced. In many instances, anesthetics in the vapor state caused significant increases in cell permeability but little or no loss of viability. This indicated that a close relationship did not exist between loss of viability and increased permeability. All four anesthetics caused E. coli to lose substantial and similar amounts of compounds absorbing at 260 nm. Release of compounds absorbing at 260 nm generally increased as the saturation value of a given chemical was increased. Halothane, Ethrane, and cyclopropane but not f-12 caused lysis of E. coli ML300. Considering all results, E. coli ML30 was damaged more by halothane or cyclopropane than by f-12 or Ethrane. When f-12 was applied at a saturation value of 1.25, the bactericidal effect on E. coli was much greater at 37 or 22 C than at 12 or 2 C.  (+info)

Delivery of fenoterol via Respimat, a novel 'soft mist' inhaler. a randomised, double-blind (within device), placebo-controlled, cross-over, dose-ranging study in asthmatic patients. (7/60)

BACKGROUND: The phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for metered dose inhalers (MDIs) has prompted the development of alternative propellants and the design of propellant-free devices for inhalation therapy. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the dose of fenoterol inhaled from Respimat (RMT), a new propellant-free soft mist inhaler, which is equivalent in terms of efficacy and safety to 1 puff of either 100 or 200 microg fenoterol inhaled from a conventional CFC-MDI (Berotec). METHODS: Sixty-two asthmatic patients (35 male, 27 female) with a mean baseline FEV(1) of 1.7 liters, corresponding to 55% of the predicted normal value, were randomized at two study centers to 4 of a total of 8 possible treatments: placebo; 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 microg fenoterol via RMT, and 100 or 200 microg fenoterol delivered via the MDI. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients completed the study as planned. Results of the therapeutic equivalence test for the primary endpoint, average FEV(1) (AUC(0-6))/6 and for the secondary endpoint, peak FEV(1), showed that the 12.5- and 25-microg fenoterol doses administered via RMT were equivalent to the 100 microg fenoterol dose from the MDI. The 50-, 100- and 200-microg fenoterol doses delivered by RMT did not meet the criterion for therapeutic equivalence with the 100-microg dose from the MDI, and if tested for a difference would have been significantly different in favor of RMT. All 5 RMT fenoterol doses were therapeutically equivalent to the MDI 200-microg fenoterol dose. Headache, reported by 4 patients on test days and 2 patients between test days in those randomized to RMT, was the most common adverse event, but the active treatments were generally well tolerated with no dose-dependent increases in incidence or severity of adverse events observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the study suggest that safe and efficacious bronchodilation can be obtained from single-dose fenoterol administered via RMT. Use of lower absolute doses to obtain a clinically significant improvement in pulmonary function may be possible because of the increased lung deposition achievable with the novel soft mist inhaler.  (+info)

Biotransformation and elimination of 14C-trichlorofluoromethane (FC-11) and 14C-dichlorodifluoromethane (FC-12) in man. (8/60)

Radiocarbon-labeled trichlorofluoromethane (FC-11; 14CC13F) and dichlorodifluormethane (FC-12; 14CC12F2) were separately inhaled by a female subject and a male subject. A predetermined volume of fluorocarbon (1000 ppm; 100 muCi) in air was delivered through a nonrebreating system and a tight-fitting face mask for 7-17 minutes. Total expired gases were collected during fluorocarbon exposure and afterward until no radioactivity was detectable. Expired 14CO2 and 14C-fluorocarbon were assayed. Urine was collected for 72 hours and assayed for nonvolatile radioactivity. Total recoveries of FC-11 were 99.5 and 79.4 per cent in the woman and the man, respectively. Total recoveries of FC-12 were 95.4 and 103.2 per cent. Traces of radioactivity were found in urine (FC-11, 0.07 and 0.09 per cent; FC-12, 0.02 and 0.03 per cent) and in exhaled carbon dioxide (FC-11, 0.13 and 0.10 per cent; FC-12, 0.08 per cent in both subjects). Total metabolites were equal to or less than 0.2 per cent of the administered dose. The amount of radioactivity in urine was insufficient to permit identification of possible fluorocarbon metabolites. The trace of metabolites could be products of radiolabeled impurities. (Key words: Gases, non-anesthetic, dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12); Gases, non-anesthetic, trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11); Pharmacology, fluorocarbons.)  (+info)

Freon CAS 11126-05-9 Refrigerant R22 R134a R404a R406a R407c R410a R507 R600a from China manufacturer - MOSINTER GROUP LIMITED
Product Details of Freon CAS 11126-05-9 Refrigerant R22 R134a R404a R406a R407c R410a R507 R600a, Freon CAS 11126-05-9 Refrigerant R22 R134a R404a R406a R407c R410a R507 R600a Chlorofluorocarbons Methane from China manufacturer on Hisupplier.com.
http://mosinter.en.hisupplier.com/product-1629450-Freon-CAS-11126-05-9-Refrigerant-R22-R134a-R404a-R406a-R407c-R410a-R507-R600a.html
Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroEthane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro
Other names: Arcton 63; Arklone P; F 113; Forane 113; Freon R 113; Freon TF; Freon 113; Freon 113 TR-T; Frigen 113; Frigen 113 TR; Frigen 113 TR-T; Frigen 113A; FC 113; Genetron 113; R 113; 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-Trifluoroethane; 1,1,2-Trifluoro-1,2,2-trichloroethane; 1,2,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane; CFCl2CF2Cl; 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane; Fluorocarbon 113; R 113(Halocarbon); Refrigerant 113; LEDON 113; Asahifron 113; 1,2,2-Trifluorotrichloroethane; Daiflon S 3; Freon F113; Halocarbon 113; Isceon 113; Kaiser chemicals 11; Khladon 113; Refrigerant R 113; 1,1,2-Trifluorotrichloroethane; Arklone; CFC-113; Distillex DS5; FC 133; Freon TF (113); Genesolv D; Trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane; Halon 113; Delifrene LS; 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon 113 ...
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C76131&Units=CAL&Mask=1A8F
Refrigerant R11 (R-11), Freon 11 (Freon R-11) Properties & ReplacementRefrigerant R11 (R-11), Freon 11 (Freon R-11) Properties & Replacement
The chemical name of refrigerant R11 is trichloromonofluoromethane and its chemical formula is CCl3F. Refrigerant R11 is chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). Among all the refrigerants commonly used for the refrigeration and air conditioning applications, R11 has the highest potential to cause the depletion of the ozone layer from the upper layers of the atmosphere and the greenhouse effect. R-11 is now being replaced by other environment friendly refrigerants, of which the most common is R-123.
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/hvac/63456-properties-of-refrigerant-r11-or-freon-11-and-replacements/
MSAs Chillgard RT Refrigerant Monitor Detects Gas Down to 1ppm - Hydrocarbons TechnologyMSAs Chillgard RT Refrigerant Monitor Detects Gas Down to 1ppm - Hydrocarbons Technology
Why monitor refrigerants? The top reasons to monitor refrigerants include the safety of building personnel, refrigerants having the potential to deplete the ozone along with federally-imposed environmental tax on those refrigerants, as well as the high replacement costs of refrigerant gases. That is why it is extremely important to detect refrigerants as soon as a leak occurs.. The Chillgard RT Monitor utilizes a very stable technology known as, photoacoustic infrared (PAIR) to sense refrigerant gases at levels as low as 1 part-per-million. This allows the user to be in compliance with ASHRAE 147 and ASHRAE 15 standards, not to mention detecting a leak early enough to prevent a major loss of refrigerant gas.. With PAIR technology, the Chillgard RT Monitor operates for months with virtually no zero drift. This stability eliminates the requirement of any auto-zeroing techniques which take the monitor off-line at regular intervals in addition to increased maintenance required for insuring a ...
https://www.hydrocarbons-technology.com/contractors/health-safety-protective/msa2/pressreleases/pressmsas-chillgard-rt-refrigerant-monitor/
Patent US20050172662 - Refrigerant cycling device - Google PatentsPatent US20050172662 - Refrigerant cycling device - Google Patents
A refrigerant cycling device is provided, wherein a compressor comprises an electric motor element, a first and a second rotary compression elements in a sealed container. The first and the second rotary compression elements are driven by the electric motor element. The refrigerant compressed and discharged by the first rotary compression element is compressed by absorbing into the second rotary compression element, and is discharged to the gas cooler. The refrigerant cycling device comprises an intermediate cooling loop for radiating heat of the refrigerant discharged from the first rotary compression element by using the gas cooler; a first internal heat exchanger, for exchanging heat between the refrigerant coming out of the gas cooler from the second rotary compression element and the refrigerant coming out of the evaporator; and a second internal heat exchanger, for exchanging heat between the refrigerant coming out of the gas cooler from the intermediate cooling loop and the refrigerant coming out
http://www.google.com/patents/US20050172662
Freon Leak Detector: Pros and ConsFreon Leak Detector: Pros and Cons
Freon leaks are a hazard for our environment, health, and budget. Find out which freon leak detector is the right one for your home.
http://allthingshvac.com/freon-leak-detector
4 Signs Your AC Is Leaking Freon & What You Should Do About It
One of the most common issues your air conditioning system can experience is a freon leak. Learn 4 signs your AC is leaking freon and what to do about it.
https://energyair.com/air-conditioner-freon-leak/
thermodynamics - Relation between vapor pressure, temperature and boiling point of Freon - Physics Stack Exchangethermodynamics - Relation between vapor pressure, temperature and boiling point of Freon - Physics Stack Exchange
Below is a picture of a pressure gauge mounted on a Freon (R-134a) cylinder for precise recharging of air conditioning systems. It clearly shows a relation between Pressure and Temperature. Is this relation between P and T always true or it applies only to vapor pressure? If the bottle is filled with gas only, no liquid phase present, would the relationship still valid?. Now lets suppose to fill half of my bottle with liquid Freon at a temperature of 70F, seal it and I cool it off to -15F (note -15F is the boiling point at 14.7 PSI). What happens to its volume, vapor pressure, and boiling point?. ...
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/435644/relation-between-vapor-pressure-temperature-and-boiling-point-of-freon
How to Put Freon in a 2002 Chevy Trailblazer | It Still RunsHow to Put Freon in a 2002 Chevy Trailblazer | It Still Runs
Freon or coolant is important for any vehicle as it keeps the liquids in the radiator pumping in extreme weather conditions. Occasionally, the coolant level drops either over time or because of a leak. Adding freon/coolant to a 2002 Chevy TrailBlazer is a simple task thanks to the addition of the coolant reservoir ...
https://itstillruns.com/put-freon-2002-chevy-trailblazer-7303081.html
4-tert-butylpyridine/bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt-doped BTPA-TCNE-based perovskite solar cell4-tert-butylpyridine/bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt-doped BTPA-TCNE-based perovskite solar cell
Page contains details about 4-tert-butylpyridine/bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt-doped BTPA-TCNE-based perovskite solar cell . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com
http://nano.nature.com/nano/GR-D8444263
EWG Tap Water Database | Phoenixville Water Dept | ChlorodifluoromethaneEWG Tap Water Database | Phoenixville Water Dept | Chlorodifluoromethane
EWGs Tap Water Database Chlorodifluoromethane results for Phoenixville Water Dept | Chlorodifluoromethane. Find out what is in your tap water
https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/system-contaminant.php?pws=PA1150077&contamcode=E134?pws=PA1150077&contamcode=E134
EWG Tap Water Database | Gladstone | ChlorodifluoromethaneEWG Tap Water Database | Gladstone | Chlorodifluoromethane
EWGs Tap Water Database Chlorodifluoromethane results for Gladstone | Chlorodifluoromethane. Find out what is in your tap water
https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/system-contaminant.php?pws=MO1010307&contamcode=2487
Trichlorofluoromethane - WikipediaTrichlorofluoromethane - Wikipedia
R-11 is assigned an ozone depletion potential of 1.0, and U.S. production was ended on January 1, 1996. Prior to the knowledge of the ozone depletion potential of chlorine in refrigerants and other possible harmful effects on the environment, trichlorofluoromethane was sometimes used as a cleaning/rinsing agent for low-pressure systems.[4] Trichlorofluoromethane was formerly used in the drinking bird novelty, largely because it has a boiling point of 23.77℃ (74.79℉). The replacement, dichloromethane, boiling point 39.6℃ (103.3℉), requires a higher ambient temperature to work. The substance was included in the production moratorium agreed in the Montreal Protocol of 1987. However, in 2018, its atmospheric concentration was noted to be declining more slowly than expected,[5] and it subsequently emerged that it remains in widespread use as a blowing agent for polyurethane foam insulation in the construction industry of China.[6] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichlorofluoromethane
An empirical correlation and rating charts for the performance of adiabatic capillary tubes with alternative refrigerants<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - An empirical correlation and rating charts for the performance of adiabatic capillary tubes with alternative refrigerants. AU - Choi, Jongmin. AU - Kim, Yong Chan. AU - Chung, Jin Taek. PY - 2004/1/1. Y1 - 2004/1/1. N2 - With the phaseout of conventional refrigerants, refrigeration and air conditioning systems must be redesigned to improve system performance and reliability with alternative refrigerants. In this study, a generalized correlation for the prediction of refrigerant flow rate through adiabatic capillary tubes is developed by generating dimensionless parameters for operating conditions, capillary tube geometry, and refrigerant properties using the Buckingham Pi theorem. The database for the present correlation includes extensive experimental data for R12, R22, R134a, R152a, R407C, and R410A obtained from the open literature. The present correlation, which has a relatively simpler form to employ, yields a mean deviation of 5.4% and a standard deviation of 6.5% from the ...
https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/an-empirical-correlation-and-rating-charts-for-the-performance-of
Refrigerant Leak Detector, Refrigerant Leak Detector Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.comRefrigerant Leak Detector, Refrigerant Leak Detector Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.com
Refrigerant Leak Detector, Wholesale Various High Quality Refrigerant Leak Detector Products from Global Refrigerant Leak Detector Suppliers and Refrigerant Leak Detector Factory,Importer,Exporter at Alibaba.com.
http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/refrigerant-leak-detector.html
Ammonia Refrigerant Market 2019 Growing Research and Forecast to 2025 - Marketing Strategies24
The Global Ammonia Refrigerant Market 2019 Analysis Report is a pervasive research study, which provides current as well as upcoming technical. The financial details of the Ammonia Refrigerant industry are analyzed that would help to run your business more effectively. The report presents crucial data such as key trends, growth factors, drivers, business threats, competitive landscape, market dynamics and opportunities for established players/newcomers in global Ammonia Refrigerant market. This market analysis of an industry is a crucial thing for various stakeholders like investors, CEOs, traders, suppliers, and others associated with the business.. The report section starts with an overview contains an objective study of the global Ammonia Refrigerant market followed by market definition, classification, market size assessment (2014-2025) in terms of value and volume (thousand units). The report analyzes the Ammonia Refrigerant market on the basis of key market segments ( product types, ...
http://marketingstrategies24.com/ammonia-refrigerant-market-2019-growing-research-and-forecast-to-2025/
Oil separator and refrigerant compressor having the same - Patent applicationOil separator and refrigerant compressor having the same - Patent application
0011]According to a second aspect of the present invention, an oil separator for a CO2 refrigerant cycle includes a separation part and an oil storage part. The separation part includes a separation cylinder having a bottom wall, an inner cylinder and an inlet pipe. The inner cylinder is disposed in the separation cylinder. The inlet pipe connects to the separation cylinder tangential to an inner surface of the separation cylinder. The separation part defines an inlet opening in the inner surface of the separation cylinder to allow CO2 refrigerant containing oil from the inlet pipe to the separation cylinder. The separation part separates the oil from the CO2 refrigerant by means of a centrifugal force while turning or whirling the CO2 refrigerant containing the oil along the inner surface of the separation cylinder. The inner cylinder having an end within the separation cylinder, and the end defines a discharge port for discharging separated CO2 refrigerant from the separation part. The bottom ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20090071188
Use of 18F labelled fluorocarbon-11 to investigate the fate of inhaled fluorocarbons in man and in the rat | ThoraxUse of 18F labelled fluorocarbon-11 to investigate the fate of inhaled fluorocarbons in man and in the rat | Thorax
Williams, Faith M., Draffan, G. H., Dollery, C. T., Clark, J. C., Palmer, A. J., and Vernon, P. (1974).Thorax, 29, 99-103. Use of 18F labelled fluorocarbon-11 to investigate the fate of inhaled fluorocarbons in man and in the rat. The distribution and elimination of 18F labelled fluorocarbon-11 has been followed in a group of rats killed after air breathing following six minutes exposure to 18F fluorocarbon-11. Whole body and individual organ count rates were measured. In four volunteers the fate of 18F labelled fluorocarbon-11 was followed by both whole body counting and gamma camera measurement of the activity in the lung and mouth region after inhalation from a specially loaded aerosol dispenser.. In the rat there was a high initial level in high blood flow organs and in the adrenals and fat: the level in blood and high blood flow organs fell rapidly. Elimination from fat was slow but the adrenal level had fallen within one hour. The fall in whole body count rate was similar to that in ...
http://thorax.bmj.com/content/29/1/99
Ammonia Vs Freon - Emerald Environmental TechnologiesAmmonia Vs Freon - Emerald Environmental Technologies
Ammonia Vs Freon? Whether to choose an ammonia refrigerant or an alternative CFC refrigerant is an all too frequent debate. The question then becomes:
http://emeraldet.com/ammonia-vs-freon/
TXV Bulb Placement - HVAC SchoolTXV Bulb Placement - HVAC School
Jason Obrzut comes on the podcast to discuss A2L refrigerant facts. Jason is a member of AHRIs Safe Refrigerant Transition Task Force and author of the RACT manual.. ASHRAE designates refrigerants into categories based on toxicity (A or B) and flammability (traditionally 1, 2, and 3). So, the new A2L designation indicates that a refrigerant is relatively non-toxic but has a flammability value between 1 (low) and 2 (moderate). While propane (R-290) is a good refrigerant because it is natural and has low toxicity, it is very flammable (A3). Future refrigerants will likely fall under the A2L designation; the mild flammability will probably be the tradeoff for efficient, low-toxicity refrigerant with a low environmental impact. However, A2L refrigerants cannot be vented, even despite their low GWP. We also cannot use these refrigerants in retrofits.. A2L refrigerants will likely become much more prevalent around 2023 as HFC refrigerants phase down. The phase-down period will be specified shortly, ...
https://hvacrschool.com/txv-bulb-placement/
Refrigerant leak detection systemRefrigerant leak detection system
Freon gas detection equipment - Refrigerant Leak Detection System: freon/refrigerant gas detectors for industrial & cooling units gas detection compliance
https://en.gazdetect.com/gas-detection-infos/refrigerant-leak-detection-system/
Refrigerant Gas 22 BOTTLE - Manufacturer, Supplier, ExporterRefrigerant Gas 22 BOTTLE - Manufacturer, Supplier, Exporter
Refrigerant gas supplier. R-22 is gas is used in a variety of maritime refrigeration applications for low, medium and high temperatures (-40 to +16° C). This colorless gas is better known as HCFC-22, or R-22. It is commonly used as a propellant and refrigerant. R22 refrigerant is one of the most commonly used refrigerants.
http://www.rxmarine.com/Refrigerant-Gas-Bottle
Evaluation of R-410A refrigerant alternatives in a residential reversi by Pierre Pardo, Louis Charbonnier et al.Evaluation of R-410A refrigerant alternatives in a residential reversi by Pierre Pardo, Louis Charbonnier et al.
Protocols and regulations such as the Montreal Protocol (1987), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), the European F-gas regulation (2006) and now its revision (2014) cause a shift toward refrigerants with both zero Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) and low Global Warming Potential (GWP). Alternative refrigerants with low-GWP are under investigation for residential heat pumps and air-conditioners as R-410A has a GWP of 2088. In this study, two promising alternative refrigerants with a low-GWP, DR-5A (R-454B) and L41-2 (R-447A), both HFC-HFO mixtures with a GWP of 466 and 583 respectively, have been tested in a residential heat pump. Â To assess and to compare the heat pump performances using R-410A, DR-5A and L41-2, drop-in tests have been carried out in a 10 kW air-to-water reversible heat pump. For each refrigerant, the heat pump performances have been assessed for 2 rating conditions and 2 operating limit conditions in the cooling mode and for 6 rating conditions and 3 operating limit conditions in the heating
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/1604/
Hc RefrigerantHc Refrigerant
China Hc Refrigerant manufacturers - Select 2018 high quality Hc Refrigerant products in best price from certified Chinese Refrigerant R manufacturers, Refrigerant Can suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com
http://www.made-in-china.com/products-search/hot-china-products/Hc_Refrigerant.html
Refrigerant Tank Factory, China Refrigerant Tank Factory Manufacturers & Suppliers | Made-in-China.comRefrigerant Tank Factory, China Refrigerant Tank Factory Manufacturers & Suppliers | Made-in-China.com
Refrigerant Tank Factory - Select 2018 high quality Refrigerant Tank Factory products in best price from certified Chinese Fuel Tank manufacturers, China Refrigerant suppliers, wholesalers and factory on Made-in-China.com
http://www.made-in-china.com/products-search/hot-china-products/Refrigerant_Tank_Factory.html
Phase behavior of water-insoluble simvastatin drug in supercritical mixtures of chlorodifluoromethane and carbon dioxide -...Phase behavior of water-insoluble simvastatin drug in supercritical mixtures of chlorodifluoromethane and carbon dioxide -...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Phase behavior of water-insoluble simvastatin drug in supercritical mixtures of chlorodifluoromethane and carbon dioxide. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/phase-behavior-of-water-insoluble-simvastatin-drug-in-supercritic/fingerprints/
Hydrocarbon refrigerants | gallondailyHydrocarbon refrigerants | gallondaily
The US Environmental Protection Agency has finally lifted its restriction on the use of certain hydrocarbons as refrigerants in household and small commercial refrigerators and freezers. In GallonDailys opinion this approval for use of hydrocarbon refrigerants is long overdue. Hydrocarbon refrigerants for use in domestic refrigerators were popularized by Greenpeace in the former East Germany…
https://gallondaily.com/2011/12/20/hydrocarbon-refrigerants/
HYDROCARBON REFRIGERANTS: RevisitedHYDROCARBON REFRIGERANTS: Revisited
I kinda threw this together this morning with two things in mind regarding hydrocarbon (propane or isobutane-based) refrigerants: The legalities of its use Safety considerations The questions continue to arise here in this forum on the use of hydrocarbon refrigerants. The topic remains a dynamic one, albeit, with a snails pace in progression towards its use. It seems inevitable given the focus on the GWP (global warming potential) index of refrigerants. At any rate, you
https://hvac-talk.com/vbb/showthread.php?1561921-HYDROCARBON-REFRIGERANTS-Revisited&s=2655e3ca770c4874f4e014fc90fc6011&p=18338191
LD7 Premium Refrigerant Leak Detector | RobinairLD7 Premium Refrigerant Leak Detector | Robinair
The Robinair LD7 Premium Refrigerant Leak Detector features a new color graphic display that highlights leak sizes in two unique ways. Bar graph mode shows the amount of refrigerant detected in the air and changes colors as the sensor gets closer to the leak. Sweep mode allows the user to see the level of refrigerant detected in the air through a line graph that helps the user trace back and forth to pinpoint the exact source of the leak.
http://www.robinair.com/products/ld7-premium-refrigerant-leak-detector
a1-cbiss Introduce ARMS 2 - Your Refrigerant Leak Detection Solution - Latest news on gas detection and monitoring systems...a1-cbiss Introduce ARMS 2 - Your Refrigerant Leak Detection Solution - Latest news on gas detection and monitoring systems...
Refrigerant Leak Detection is an important way of attaining to the EC F-Gas Regulations. The EC F-Gas regulations were brought into action in July 2007 since then the F-Gas regulations are becoming stringent in their guidelines. So who do the EC F-Gas regulations affect? It affects anyone who uses any sort of HFC gas, whether this is a supermarket, a hotel, a university or many food and drink processing industries - you should, by law, be monitoring the containment and recovery of F-Gases. This has been created with the intent to reduce harmful emissions going into the environment. In effect - under the F-Gas Regulation - it is mandatory for sites with an overall refrigerant charge in excess of 300kg to install a fixed refrigerant leak detection system. Continue reading →
https://www.a1-cbiss.com/news/a1-cbiss-introduce-arms-2-your-refrigerant-leak-detection-solution/
Design and Test of a Domestic Heat Pump with Ammonia as RefrigerantDesign and Test of a Domestic Heat Pump with Ammonia as Refrigerant
Among alternative refrigerants, ammonia with zero Ozone Depleting Potential (ODP) and Global Warming Potential (GWP), and favorable thermodynamic properties is a sensible choice as a replacement for the synthetic refrigerants, which are powerful greenhouse gases.. In this paper, the results of experiments done on a new ammonia water-to-water heat pump prototype at different evaporation temperatures and compressor speeds are reported. The heat pump is designed to deliver 7 kW heat at evaporation temperature of -5°C and condensation temperature of 40°C. The hot discharge gas from compressor is utilized to provide sanitary hot water, and the rest of the heat is used for preheating the tap water and space heating of a single-family house. The compact design of the heat pump helps reducing the refrigerant charge. To reduce the charge further and to prevent oil accumulation at the bottom of evaporator, a minichannel aluminum heat exchanger is used as evaporator.. ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A490666&c=7&searchType=SIMPLE&language=sv&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22personId%22%3A%22u1d27a52+OR+0000-0001-9592-0202%22%7D%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all
Patente US6237355 - Precooled cryogenic ablation system - Google PatentesPatente US6237355 - Precooled cryogenic ablation system - Google Patentes
A method and apparatus for using a secondary refrigerant to precool and liquefy a primary refrigerant, then vaporizing and expanding the primary refrigerant to cool a cold tip of a cryosurgical instrument for ablation of biological tissue, such as cardiovascular tissue, in particular endocardiac tissue and tissue inside a cardiac blood vessel. The secondary refrigerant has a critical temperature above the critical temperature of the primary refrigerant, and a cooling temperature below the critical temperature of the primary refrigerant, thereby facilitating the use of the precooling step to provide liquid primary refrigerant in an operating room environment in which the primary refrigerant could not otherwise be provided in the liquid phase.
http://www.google.es/patents/US6237355
Patent US7712319 - Refrigerant charge adequacy gauge - Google PatentsPatent US7712319 - Refrigerant charge adequacy gauge - Google Patents
A method and apparatus for determining the sufficiency of refrigerant charge in an air conditioning system by the use of only two temperature measurements. The temperature of the liquid refrigerant leaving the condenser coil is sensed and the temperature of the condenser coil itself is sensed and the difference between these two measurements is calculated to provide an indication of the adequacy of refrigerant charge in the system. This process is refined by steps taken to eliminate measurements during transient operations and by filtering signals to eliminate undesirable noise. A permitted threshold of deviation is calculated by using probability theory.
http://www.google.com/patents/US7712319?dq=5,825,242
Refrigerant Ball Valve, Refrigerant Ball Valve Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.comRefrigerant Ball Valve, Refrigerant Ball Valve Suppliers and Manufacturers at Alibaba.com
Alibaba.com offers 62 refrigerant ball valve products. About 100% of these are valves. A wide variety of refrigerant ball valve options are available to you, such as brass, stainless steel, and plastic.
http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/refrigerant-ball-valve.html
Air-conditioning refrigerant r22 30LB cylinders China Manufacturer
China Air-conditioning refrigerant r22 30LB cylinders with High-Quality, Leading Air-conditioning refrigerant r22 30LB cylinders Manufacturers & Suppliers, find Air-conditioning refrigerant r22 30LB cylinders Factory & Exporters.
http://www.xcrefrigerant.com/hcfcs-chlorofluoromethane/52413821.html
Refrigeration Services - Commercial Fridges & ChillersRefrigeration Services - Commercial Fridges & Chillers
Refrigeration Services - Air Conditioning. We supply and install a wide range of commercial fridges, chillers and cold rooms. Tel: 0151 285 1818R
http://envirochillltd.co.uk/services/refrigeration-services/
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING A HYDROCARBON STREAM - Patent applicationMETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING A HYDROCARBON STREAM - Patent application
0071]Secondly, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, some of the cooling duty required for the first refrigerant is shifted from the third refrigerant stream 120 (passing through the first cooling stage 38), and passed to one or more cooler(s) represented in FIG. 3 by cooler 54. This reduces or `unloads` some of the cooling power or duty hitherto required of the third refrigerant stream 120 (to provide the same level or amount of condensed first refrigerant as conventionally provided), enabling the same cooling power of third refrigerant stream 120 to provide more cooling to the first refrigerant stream and/or to the hydrocarbon stream 10. Thus, the first refrigerant stream 20 either has more cooling power for the second cooling stage 12, which is usually the main cooling stage of a liquefaction plant, and/or the cooled hydrocarbon stream 10a is already cooler prior to entry in the second cooling stage 12 ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20100024474
China 630kg Liquid Chloride Steel Refrigerant Refillable Gas Cylinder - China Compressed Gas Cylinder, Liquified Gas CylinderChina 630kg Liquid Chloride Steel Refrigerant Refillable Gas Cylinder - China Compressed Gas Cylinder, Liquified Gas Cylinder
China 630kg Liquid Chloride Steel Refrigerant Refillable Gas Cylinder, Find details about China Compressed Gas Cylinder, Liquified Gas Cylinder from 630kg Liquid Chloride Steel Refrigerant Refillable Gas Cylinder - Changzhou Lanyi Aircraft Equipment Manufacture Limited Company
http://lanyi-tank.en.made-in-china.com/product/IqiQgBOoCsTm/China-630kg-Liquid-Chloride-Steel-Refrigerant-Refillable-Gas-Cylinder.html
China T50 Liquied Gas Tank Container for LPG, Ammonia, R134A, R22, Butune, Propene, Refrigerant - China Tailer Tank, Storage...China T50 Liquied Gas Tank Container for LPG, Ammonia, R134A, R22, Butune, Propene, Refrigerant - China Tailer Tank, Storage...
China T50 Liquied Gas Tank Container for LPG, Ammonia, R134A, R22, Butune, Propene, Refrigerant, Find details about China Tailer Tank, Storage Tank from T50 Liquied Gas Tank Container for LPG, Ammonia, R134A, R22, Butune, Propene, Refrigerant - Changzhou Lanyi Aircraft Equipment Manufacture Limited Company
http://lanyi-tank.en.made-in-china.com/product/eqhEBtpoZjGX/China-T50-Liquied-Gas-Tank-Container-for-LPG-Ammonia-R134A-R22-Butune-Propene-Refrigerant.html
A new generalized model for predict speed of sound of refrigerants
In consideration of physical and chemical properties of pure substances, speed of sound is one of important quantity which can used to calculate many of other thermo-physical properties such as isothermal compressibility, Joule-Thomson coefficient, isobaric heat capacity and etc. These thermo-physical properties are the main parameters in industrial and chemical processes. Development of accurate models for thermodynamic properties computation such as speed of sound is well expected above all in those fields where very high performance calculations have to be reached. In this present work, a new generalized model as a function of reduced temperature and reduced density is proposed to correlate speed of sound of methane, ethane, propane and butane halogenated refrigerants. Speed of sounds have been calculated and compared with data reported in literatures for 5600 data points of 28 refrigerants, and the overall average absolute percentage deviation of 0.92%. The source of speed of sound data used in this
https://jcpeng.ut.ac.ir/article_57842.html
Refrigerant Management System Automatic for R-134a and R-1234yf - Yellow Jacket HVAC Supplies and ProductsRefrigerant Management System Automatic for R-134a and R-1234yf - Yellow Jacket HVAC Supplies and Products
Designed to meet todays tough service standards, the YELLOW JACKET® Refrigerant Management System (RMS) 37840 for R-134a and 37860 for R-1234yf provide full cycle recovery/recycle/evacuate/recharge to bring the vehicle back to factory specifications. The easy-to-use, portable, full color interface walks you quickly through each step for easy operation and fast service.. Not ready for R-1234yf? Purchase the 37840 for R-134a today and we can update it to R-1234yf later with our optional (one time use) conversion kit.. To obtain pressure readings in a snap, each RMS unit comes with a YELLOW JACKET ManTooth™ Wireless Digital Pressure/Temperature Gauge so you can test the A/C system without losing refrigerant. The free downloadable app wirelessly calculates and displays the A/C systems actual pressures in an easy-to-read color format on the RMS tablet, as well as iOS or Android™ devices.. Real-time remote support, including set-up/start-up assistance. With the systems Windows-based control ...
http://yellowjacket.com/product/refrigerant-management-system-automatic-for-r-134a-and-r-1234yf/
Climalife UK | R408A RefrigerantClimalife UK | R408A Refrigerant
R408A is a HCFC zeotropic blend of refrigerant. Its use is banned in the UK & EU. It can be replaced by R448A or R449A. Please check with Climalife for conversion procedures and specific requirements. For a wide range of refrigerant solutions visit our website or call 0117 980 2520.
https://www.climalife.co.uk/r408a
Absorption refrigerator
Both assimilation and compressor refrigerators use a refrigerant with a actual low baking point (less than 0 °F/−18 °C). In both types, aback this refrigerant evaporates (boils), it takes some calefaction abroad with it, accouterment the cooling effect. The capital aberration amid the two types is the way the refrigerant is afflicted from a gas aback into a aqueous so that the aeon can repeat. An assimilation refrigerator changes the gas aback into a aqueous application a altered adjustment that needs alone heat, and has no affective parts1. The added aberration amid the two types is the refrigerant used. Compressor refrigerators about use an HCFC or HFC, while assimilation refrigerators about use ammonia or water ...
http://absorption-refrigerator.blogspot.com
coolant fluid exchange | COSMO MECHANICAL
Coolant fluids are the coolant that the liquid in a container of coolant moves across the surface of the metal.. Coolant is a coolant-producing compound.. Its made from a group of oxygen atoms bonded together.. When theyre combined, they form water molecules that carry the heat energy that coolant is required to carry.. Coolant fluids can be used to cool or heat up a container or container-like surface.. Coolants are used in everything from refrigeration to cooking to air conditioning.. Theyre also a common component in some electrical and plumbing products.. Coolants are also used to produce refrigerant, a type of refrigerant that contains refrigerant atoms that are bonded together to form water.. The refrigerant is also used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products including electrical equipment, refrigerant-free soda, and the refrigerant used in most pet food.. Cooling and heating waterCoolant has two primary uses: Cooling a container, or heating a container to keep it ...
https://cosmomecanique.com/tag/coolant-fluid-exchange/
6.7 Operating point - SWEP6.7 Operating point - SWEP
As discussed in chapter 3.4, compressor performance depends on the evaporating and condensing pressures. The saturation pressure of the evaporator determines the density of the refrigerant gas at the inlet of the compressor, thus affecting the refrigerant mass flow per compressor revolution. The total pressure difference between the evaporating and condensing sides also affects the required compressor power consumption.. The evaporator and condenser affect these pressure levels though their ability to transfer energy between the refrigerant and the secondary fluids. The evaporator operating point is the equilibrium point at which the performance of the evaporator matches the performance of the compressor. The refrigerant mass flow is determined by the compressor, and at the operating point the refrigerant is evaporated at a stable saturation temperature.. The compressor curve in Figure 6.24 has a positive slope, indicating that the available cooling capacity increases with higher evaporation ...
http://www.swep.ru/refrigerant-handbook/6.-evaporators/asas4/
Patent US9283110 - Patient temperature control catheter with outer sleeve cooled by inner sleeve - Google PatentsPatent US9283110 - Patient temperature control catheter with outer sleeve cooled by inner sleeve - Google Patents
A catheter has an inner sleeve through which refrigerant circulates to and from a source of refrigerant. The catheter also has an outer sleeve surrounding the inner sleeve, including a distal end thereof. The outer sleeve is filled with a frozen biocompatible substance. The refrigerant is separated from the biocompatible substance by one or more walls of the inner sleeve such that the refrigerant is isolated from a patient in whom the catheter is positioned by both the inner sleeve and the frozen biocompatible substance. The refrigerant circulates through the catheter when the catheter is positioned in the patient to maintain the biocompatible substance frozen as heat is transferred from the patient to the biocompatible substance.
http://www.google.ca/patents/US9283110
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.comChlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.com
Introduction. Eugine Whint 7/12/2005 Chemistry 5G Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (also known as Freon) are non-toxic, non-flammable and non-carcinogenic. They contain fluorine atoms, carbon atoms and chlorine atoms. The 5 main CFCs include CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane - CFCl3), CFC-12 (dichloro-difluoromethane - CF2Cl2), CFC-113 (trichloro-trifluoroethane - C2F3Cl3), CFC-114 (dichloro-tetrfluoroethane - C2F4Cl2), and CFC-115 (chloropentafluoroethane - C2F5Cl). CFCs are widely used as coolants in refrigeration and air conditioners, as solvents in cleaners, particularly for electronic circuit boards, as a blowing agents in the production of foam (for example fire extinguishers), and as propellants in aerosols. Indeed, much of the modern lifestyle of the second half of the 20th century had been made possible by the use of CFCs. Man-made CFCs however, are the main cause of stratospheric ozone depletion. CFCs have a lifetime in the atmosphere of about 20 to 100 years, and ...
http://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/science/chlorofluorocarbons-cfcs.html
Ice storage constant temperature air conditioning system having divided refrigerant - NAN KAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYIce storage constant temperature air conditioning system having divided refrigerant - NAN KAI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
An ice storage constant temperature air conditioning system having divided refrigerant has a refrigerant divider to divide refrigerant flow into two ducts. The first duct is connected to an evaporator
https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2009/0038320.html
HARP® Aerosol Propellants - The Complete Worldwide Refrigeration Service - Harp InternationalHARP® Aerosol Propellants - The Complete Worldwide Refrigeration Service - Harp International
The Complete Worldwide Refrigeration Service - Harp International. Harp International Limited offers a range of speciality chemicals for use in the refrigeration, air conditioning, aerosol and foam blowing industries - www.harpintl.com
http://www.harpintl.com/aerosol-propellants.php
Trifluoromethane - Substance Information - ECHATrifluoromethane - Substance Information - ECHA
About this substance This section provides an overview of the calculated volume at which the substance is manufactured or imported to the European Economic Area (EU28 + Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway). Additionally, if available, information on the use of the substance and how consumers and workers are likely to be exposed to it can also be displayed here.. The use information is displayed per substance life cycle stage (consumer use, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites or in manufacturing). The information is aggregated from the data coming from REACH substance registrations provided by industry.. For a detailed overview on identified uses and environmental releases, please consult the registered substance factsheet.. Use descriptors are adapted from ECHA guidance to improve readability and may not correspond textually to descriptor codes described in Chapter R.12: Use Descriptor system of ECHA Guidance on information ...
https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.000.794
The interactions between the sterically demanding trimesitylphosphine oxide and trimesityphosphine with scandium and selected...The interactions between the sterically demanding trimesitylphosphine oxide and trimesityphosphine with scandium and selected...
The reactions between lanthanide nitrates, Ln(NO3)3 and scandium and lanthanide trifluoromethane sulfonates, Ln(Tf)3 with trimesitylphosphine oxide, Mes3PO show that coordination to the metal ions does not lead to crystalline complexes. Investigation of the reactions by 31-P NMR spectroscopy shows that weak complexes are formed in solution. The crystal structures of Mes3PO·0.5CH3CN (1) and [Mes3PO]3H3O·2CH3CN·Tf (2), formed in the reaction between ScTf3 and Mes3PO, are reported. Trimesitylphosphine, Mes3P, is protonated by scandium and lanthanide trifluoromethane sulfonates and lanthanide nitrates in CD3CN and the structure of [Mes3PH]Cl·HCl·2H2O (3) is reported.. ...
http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2919/
REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING PERFORMANCE ENHANCING ADDITIVES - E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANYREFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING PERFORMANCE ENHANCING ADDITIVES - E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY
The present invention is related to refrigerant and lubricant compositions containing performance-enhancing additives. The performance enhancing additives are found to improve the energy efficiency and capacity of vapor compression refrigeration and air conditioning systems, which utilize hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants (e.g. HFC-134a) and oxygenated refrigeration lubricants (e.g. POEs, PAGs and PVEs).
http://www.sumobrain.com/patents/wipo/Refrigerant-compositions-comprising-performance-enhancing/WO2004015042.html
Fully Refrigeranted R290 Natural Refrigerants For Environment Friendly Air Conditioner
Quality Natural Refrigerants manufacturers & exporter - buy Fully Refrigeranted R290 Natural Refrigerants For Environment Friendly Air Conditioner from China manufacturer.
http://www.hfcrefrigerant.com/sale-4979569-fully-refrigeranted-r290-natural-refrigerants-for-environment-friendly-air-conditioner.html
ACP - Abstract - Chlorine isotope composition in chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 in firn, stratospheric and...ACP - Abstract - Chlorine isotope composition in chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 in firn, stratospheric and...
Abstract. The stratospheric degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) releases chlorine, which is a major contributor to the destruction of stratospheric ozone (O3). A recent study reported strong chlorine isotope fractionation during the breakdown of the most abundant CFC (CFC-12, CCl2F2, Laube et al., 2010a), similar to effects seen in nitrous oxide (N2O). Using air archives to obtain a long-term record of chlorine isotope ratios in CFCs could help to identify and quantify their sources and sinks. We analyse the three most abundant CFCs and show that CFC-11 (CCl3F) and CFC-113 (CClF2CCl2F) exhibit significant stratospheric chlorine isotope fractionation, in common with CFC-12. The apparent isotope fractionation (ϵapp) for mid- and high-latitude stratospheric samples are respectively −2.4 (0.5) and −2.3 (0.4) ‰ for CFC-11, −12.2 (1.6) and −6.8 (0.8) ‰ for CFC-12 and −3.5 (1.5) and −3.3 (1.2) ‰ for CFC-113, where the number in parentheses is the numerical value of ...
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/15/6867/2015/
Method of removing an immiscible lubricant from a refrigeration system and apparatus for same - Energy Innovation Portal
A method of separating an immiscible lubricant from a liquid refrigerant in a refrigerating system including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator, wherein the expansion device is connected to the condenser by a liquid refrigerant flow line for liquid refrigerant and immiscible lubricant. The method comprising slowing the rate of flow of the liquid refrigerant and immiscible lubricant between the condenser and the expansion device such that the liquid refrigerant and the immiscible lubricant separate based upon differences in density. The method also comprises collecting the separated immiscible lubricant in a collection chamber in fluid communication with the separated immiscible lubricant. Apparatus for performing the method is also disclosed.
http://techportal.eere.energy.gov/patent.do/ID=9995
Chlorofluorocarbons Summary Report | CureHunterChlorofluorocarbons Summary Report | CureHunter
Chlorofluorocarbons: A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning fluids, solvents, and as fire extinguishing agents. They have been shown to cause stratospheric ozone depletion and have been banned for many uses.
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryD017402-Chlorofluorocarbons.do
Car Air Conditioning Issues That Can Give You A Hard Time While Driving | My Tyre ShopCar Air Conditioning Issues That Can Give You A Hard Time While Driving | My Tyre Shop
Driving under the scorching sun with your car air cooling system not working is a real bummer, especially where the temperature can skyrocket quickly. Experts advise on getting your cars checked and maintenance done before the summer starts to experience hassle-free driving. Your car air conditioner not working is no fun, and the car interior temperature can drastically increase as the doors stay closed.. There are some known common car air conditioning problems which could be solved easily by going to an expert. However, it is important to determine the issue first to get the right solution. Below find air cooling issues that ask for a professional repairman to look through.. Car AC Not Working Due To Leaking Refrigerant The refrigerant is what helps in keeping the car efficiently cool during the summers. Less refrigerant or too much or refrigerant leaking are some issues you could face during the summers. While pumping in refrigerant could be regulated, you have no hands-on when and how a leak ...
https://www.mytyreshop.com/car-air-conditioning-issues-that-can-give-you-a-hard-time-while-driving/
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20037311 - Freons and halons.NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20037311 - Freons and halons.
Freons (fluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons [CFCs)) historically have been widely used as aerosol propellants, in refrigeration units, in the manufacture of plastics, in foam blowing, and as degreasing agents. Under provisions of the Montreal Protocol of 1987, the use of CFCs is being phased out to avoid further depletion of stratospheric ozone. Nevertheless, freons remain in older refrigeration
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20037311.html
Fluorocarbon - WikipediaFluorocarbon - Wikipedia
Fluorocarbons, sometimes referred to as perfluorocarbons or PFCs, are, strictly speaking, organofluorine compounds with the formula CxFy, i.e. they contain only carbon and fluorine, though the terminology is not strictly followed. Compounds with the prefix perfluoro- are hydrocarbons, including those with heteroatoms, wherein all C-H bonds have been replaced by C-F bonds. Fluorocarbons can be perfluoroalkanes, fluoroalkenes and fluoroalkynes and perfluoroaromatic compounds. Fluorocarbons and their derivatives are used as fluoropolymers, refrigerants, solvents, and anesthetics. Perfluorocarbons or PFCs are, strictly speaking, organofluorine compounds with the formula CxFy, i.e. they contain only carbon and fluorine, though the terminology is not strictly followed. Compounds with the prefix perfluoro- are hydrocarbons, including those with heteroatoms, wherein all C-H bonds have been replaced by C-F bonds. Fluorocarbons can be divided into perfluoroalkanes, fluoroalkenes and fluoroalkynes or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorocarbon
中国科学院大连化学物理研究所机构知识库(DICP OpenIR): DABCO-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Furans from Propargyl Alcohols and Methyl 2...
The DABCO-catalyzed reaction of propargyl alcohols with methyl 2-perfluoroalkynoate to give trifluoromethylated furans in up to 98% yield under mild conditions has been developed. The established allene-enol and control experiments indicate that the reaction should proceed through a Michael addition and Claisen rearrangement/cyclization process ...
http://cas-ir.dicp.ac.cn/handle/321008/144266
Nanoparticles can make home refrigeration more accessible for low-income households | Australian Biotech Company NewsNanoparticles can make home refrigeration more accessible for low-income households | Australian Biotech Company News
Power consumption of a home refrigerator can be cut by 29% while improving cooling capacity. Researchers replaced widely-used, but environmentally unfriendly, R134a refrigerant with the more energy-efficient R600a. They dosed R600a with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanoparticles. Drop-in refrigerant replacement in the field by trained technicians is possible, says an engineer from the University of Johannesburg. This test of nanoparticle-dosed refrigerants is a first of its kind and recently published in Energy Reports, an open-access journal. The results can help make home refrigeration more accessible for low-income families. R134a is one of the most widely-used refrigerants in domestic and industrial refrigerators. It is safe for many applications because it is not flammable. However, it has high global warming potential, contributing to climate change. It also causes fridges, freezers and air-conditioning equipment to consume a lot of electrical energy. The energy consumption ...
https://www.biotechnews.com.au/2020/05/30/nanoparticles-can-make-home-refrigeration-more-accessible-for-low-income-households/
IEA - United StatesIEA - United States
The GreenChill Advanced Refrigeration Partnership is an EPA cooperative alliance with the supermarket industry and other stakeholders to promote the adoption of technologies, strategies, and practices that reduce emissions of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) and greenhouse gases (GHGs) and increase refrigeration system energy efficiency. Working with EPA, GreenChill Partners: transition to non-ozone depleting refrigerants; lower refrigerant charge sizes and eliminate leaks; and adopt green refrigeration technologies, strategies and practices.. GreenChill promotes food retailers/supermarkets adoption of advanced refrigeration technologies that will reduce ODS/GHG emissions (e.g., reduced refrigerant charges and leak rates), improve energy efficiency; while at the same time reducing maintenance and refrigerant costs, extending the shelf life of perishable food products, and offering improved system design, operations, and maintenance. The GreenChill Partnership has three main programmes that help ...
http://www.iea.org/policiesandmeasures/pams/unitedstates/name-24181-en.php?s=dHlwZT1lZSZzdGF0dXM9T2s,&return=PG5hdiBpZD0iYnJlYWRjcnVtYiI-PGEgaHJlZj0iLyI-SG9tZTwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy8iPlBvbGljaWVzIGFuZCBNZWFzdXJlczwvYT4gJnJhcXVvOyA8YSBocmVmPSIvcG9saWNpZXNhbmRtZWFzdXJlcy9lbmVyZ3llZmZpY2llbmN5LyI-RW5lcmd5IEVmZmljaWVuY3k8L2E-PC9uYXY-
What should I do once I receive r404a refrigerant replacement imperfections?-Arkool RefrigerationWhat should I do once I receive r404a refrigerant replacement imperfections?-Arkool Refrigeration
What should I do once I receive r404a refrigerant replacement imperfections?:Since establishment, Hangzhou E cool refrigeration Co.,Ltd has grown incredibly over the years...
https://www.ecmrefrigerant.com/what-should-i-do-once-i-receive-r404a-refrigerant-replacement-imperfections
US20180100676A1 - Solar device for autonomous refrigeration by solid-gas sorption - Google Patents
A device is provided for the autonomous production of refrigeration approximately 40° C. lower than ambient temperature from a low-temperature solar thermal source, the device including: (i) a reactor arranged to cool and/or heat the solid reagent; (ii) a condenser; (iii) a first tank for storing the liquid refrigerant at ambient temperature; (iv) an enclosure arranged to store a phase-change material and also including an evaporator; (v) a second tank for storing the liquid refrigerant at a low temperature; (vi) apparatus for conveying the refrigerant and (vii) apparatus for controlling the flow of the refrigerant.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20180100676A1/en
R113 Density | enthalpy entropy | saturation temperature | pressure | specific heat capacity | viscosity | thermal conductivity...
Synonym 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane; CFC-113 ,1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluroethane;Fluorocarbon 113;Freon 113;Refrigerant 113 ...
http://www.ethermo.us/ShowDetail40.htm
Eco-friendly Refrigerants - ppt video online downloadEco-friendly Refrigerants - ppt video online download
History Of Refrigeration Refrigeration relates to the cooling of air or liquids, thus providing lower temperature to preserve food, cool beverages, make ice and for many other . Most evidence indicate that the Chinese were the first to store natural ice and snow to cool wine and other delicacies. Ancient people of India and Egypt cooled liquids in porous earthen jars. In 1834, Jacob Perkins, an American, developed a closed refrigeration system using liquid expansion and then compression to produce cooling. He used Ether as refrigerant, in a hand- operated compressor, a water-cooled condenser and an evaporator in liquid cooler.
http://slideplayer.com/slide/1424429/
Toxic Chemistry: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), Health & Environment
Chlorofluorocarbons are a family of halocarbons that contain only carbon, chlorine & fluorine. Used in blowing plastics & fridges. CFCs destroy the ozone layer
http://dev.greenspec.co.uk/building-design/chlorofluorocarbons-cfcs-insulation-blowing-agent-ozone-depletion/
Tox Town - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - Toxic chemicals and environmental health risks where you live and work - Text Version
Chlorofluorocarbons have been banned since 1996 because they destroy the ozone layer. From the U.S. National Library of Medicine. [ ]
https://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=9
Friedrich SS12N10 12,000 BTU Room Air Conditioner with 10.8 EER, R-410A Refrigerant, 300 CFM, 24-Hour Timer, Carbon Filtration,...Friedrich SS12N10 12,000 BTU Room Air Conditioner with 10.8 EER, R-410A Refrigerant, 300 CFM, 24-Hour Timer, Carbon Filtration,...
Friedrich SS12N10 12,000 BTU Room Air Conditioner with 10.8 EER, R-410A Refrigerant, 300 CFM, 24-Hour Timer, Carbon Filtration, Automatic Fan and Digital Remote Control
https://www.ajmadison.com/cgi-bin/ajmadison/SS12N10.html?infoview=reviews
Freshcare®-I made by Japanese sole venture Nantong OhE Chemicals Co., Ltd. in China is an easy-to-use ice pack (refrigerant)...
Freshcare®-I is an easy-to-use refrigerant that just absorbs water and freezes it. Lightweight compact design, it can save space and transportation costs before it absorbs water. Maintain a long-term cold-keeping state and it doesnt cause food freezing obstacle which is cell breakage and quality degradation caused by carbon dioxide gas, like dry ice does. It can also be used as an absorbent for drip (interstitial fluid that leaves when meat and fish etc are left for a long time). Absorbs the liquid produced when the food thawed, prevents the food from changes of the taste, the discoloration and the spoilage.
http://www.ohe-chem.com/en/freshcare-i/
Carmakers Urged To Opt For The Sustainable Solution In The Cool War
With the potential to knock out 1% of global greenhouse gases, the worlds automotive manufacturers are being urged to opt for the sustainable solution in The Cool War as they make their decision over which new refrigerant to adopt for mobile air conditioning in cars in the coming weeks.. CO2 Technology outperforms competing chemical refrigerants on all three counts, states Wolfgang Lohbeck, Greenpeaces Head of Technical Innovations and Projects. It is more environmentally friendly, more technically ready and more cost-efficient than competing chemical refrigerants. The danger is that a chemical blend such as Fluid H, DP1, or AC1 prevails due to a focus on short term cost savings and as chemical companies employ delaying tactics to try to buy time to develop new substances that they can profit from.. Worth $14.5 billion in 2007, the battle for the air conditioning market for passenger cars emanates from the decision to phase out the current chemical refrigerant HFC-134a. Having a global ...
http://shecco.com/articles/2007-06-13-carmakers-urged-to-opt-for-the-sustainable-solution-in-the-cool-war/
VSD refrigerant air dryer - Atlas Copco LatviaVSD refrigerant air dryer - Atlas Copco Latvia
Want to cut energy cost for your compressed air system while producing air at a constant low dew point? Use a refrigerant dryer with Variable Speed Drive.
https://www.atlascopco.com/en-lv/compressors/air-compressor-blog/vsd-refrigerant-air-dryer
Amana PTC093G35AXXX 9,000 BTU Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner with 3.5 kW Electric Heater, R410A Refrigerant, 11.2 Energy...Amana PTC093G35AXXX 9,000 BTU Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner with 3.5 kW Electric Heater, R410A Refrigerant, 11.2 Energy...
Amana PTC093G35AXXX 9,000 BTU Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner with 3.5 kW Electric Heater, R410A Refrigerant, 11.2 Energy Efficiency Ratio and DigiSmart Controls
https://www.ajmadison.com/cgi-bin/ajmadison/PTC093G35AXXX.html
Which Air Conditioning Refrigerants Are Being Phased Out in Haines City?Which Air Conditioning Refrigerants Are Being Phased Out in Haines City?
Heres how changes to the refrigerant used in your homes air conditioner influence you, especially when you have to have work done.
https://www.callthecommander.com/blog/which-air-conditioning-refrigerants-are-being-phased-out-in-haines-city
Why Antimony Impregnated, Carbon-Graphite Material is Best for Sealing Refrigerants and Other Low Viscosity Liquids - raybet ...Why Antimony Impregnated, Carbon-Graphite Material is Best for Sealing Refrigerants and Other Low Viscosity Liquids - raybet ...
Designing mechanical seals for sealing refrigerants and other low viscosity liquids has been a difficult problem for seal manufacturers for
https://www.stokoptom.com/metcar-why-antimony-impregnated-carbon-graphite-material-is-best-for-sealing-refrigerants-and-other-low-viscosity-liquids/
Send message about R32 / R290 / R600A / R600 Metal Explosion Proof HC Refrigerant / Butane Recovery Pump to Nanjing Wonfulay...Send message about R32 / R290 / R600A / R600 Metal Explosion Proof HC Refrigerant / Butane Recovery Pump to Nanjing Wonfulay...
R32 / R290 / R600A / R600 Metal Explosion Proof HC Refrigerant / Butane Recovery Pump Nanjing Wonfulay Precision Machinery Co.,Ltd Last Login:6 hours 14 mins ago ...
http://portuguese.everychina.com/index.php?r=inquiry/sendinquiry&pid=105512829
TNO Repository search for: subject:ElectrocardiographyTNO Repository search for: subject:Electrocardiography
HFC 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and HFC 227 (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane) are used to replace chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigerant and aerosol applications, including medical use in metered-dose inhalers. Production and consumption of CFCs are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The safety and pharmacokinetics of HFC 134a and HFC 227 were assessed in two separate double-blind studies. Each HFC (hydrofluorocarbon) was administered via whole-body exposure as a vapor to eight (four male and four female) healthy volunteers. Volunteers were exposed, once weekly for 1 h, first to air and then to ascending concentrations of HFC (1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 parts per million (ppm)), interspersed with a second air exposure and two CFC 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) exposures (1000 and 4000 ppm). Comparison of either HFC 134a or HFC 227 to CFC 12 or air gave no clinically significant results for any of the measured laboratory parameters. ...
https://repository.tudelft.nl/search/tno/?q=subject%3A%22Electrocardiography%22
Difference between revisions of Phosgene - Sciencemadness WikiDifference between revisions of Phosgene - Sciencemadness Wiki
Phosgene is an extremely powerful choking agent, powerful enough to be used as a chemical weapon. The lethal dose is 0.01-0.03 g/l. There is no known antidote. It is believed that one Sciencemadness member might have died from pulmonary edema that might of been caused by phosgene, as in his last post he expressed his desire to try and make the said compound. However, this hasnt been officially confirmed. If youre a smoker, its a very good lab practice to chain-smoke when experimenting with phosgene. Even very small, otherwise undetectable amounts of phosgene in the air react with smoldering tobacco and change the taste of the smoke to something revoltingly bad. This should give you an early warning in case of a phosgene leak. ...
http://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php?title=Phosgene&diff=cur&oldid=5939&printable=yes
Rancho Cucamonga- Sexual battery - San Bernardino County Sheriffs DepartmentRancho Cucamonga- Sexual battery - San Bernardino County Sheriffs Department
On January 16, 2016, the 14-year-old female victim invited the two 15-year-old male suspects to her residence while her mother was away. The juveniles began drinking alcohol and inhaling Chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant (CFCs), known commercially as Freon. The female became intoxicated and passed out. While she was incapacitated, the males committed several acts of sexual battery against the female victim. The male suspects also searched the residence and stole several items.. During the assault, the male suspects forced the female victim, who was still incapacitated, to inhale CFCs several more times. Inhalation of CFCs can cause lightheadedness, tremors, convulsions and interrupt heart rhythms. Inhalation of large amounts of CFCs can lead to asphyxiation, heart attack or death. Both 15-year-old male suspects were arrested for felony Sexual Battery, Residential Burglary and Administering an Intoxicating Agent with the Intent to Commit a Felony. They were booked into San Bernardino Juvenile ...
https://wp.sbcounty.gov/sheriff/pressreleasesfor2016/rancho-cucamonga-sexual-battery/
Chiral Recognition Study of a Bimolecular Process in Amino Acid Chiral by Laurel Millikan HeckmanChiral Recognition Study of a Bimolecular Process in Amino Acid Chiral by Laurel Millikan Heckman
In this study, chiral ionic liquid (CIL) solvents were prepared and tested for their chiral discrimination ability by probing with luminescence quenching. The CILs were also tested for their impurities, viscosity and density. These experiments will help to determine the ability of CILs to act as solvents in asymmetric catalysis. The chiral ionic liquids in this study were composed of amino acid methyl ester cations and bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide or bistri flimide anions (i.e. I-alanine methyl ester bistriflimid e, d-alanine methyl ester bistr iflim ide and I-leuci ne methyl ester bistriflimde). Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and its quenching in the chiral ionic liq uid solvent was probed using a racemic mi xture of Eu(dpa)/ (where dpa = 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylate) and (+)-cobalt complexes as quencher molecules. CPL measurements of the europium complex dissolved in each of the three CILs resulted in dissymmetry factors not equal to zero, illustrating that the CIL solvent was
http://digitalcommons.butler.edu/ugtheses/113/
Environmentally-Friendly Lithium Recycling From a Spent Organic Li-Ion BatteryEnvironmentally-Friendly Lithium Recycling From a Spent Organic Li-Ion Battery
A simple and straightforward method using non-polluting solvents and a single thermal treatment step at moderate temperature was investigated as an environmentally-friendly process to recycle lithium from organic electrode materials for secondary lithium batteries. This method, highly dependent on the choice of electrolyte, gives up to 99% of sustained capacity for the recycled materials used in a second life-cycle battery when compared with the original. The best results were obtained using a dimethyl carbonate/lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide electrolyte that does not decompose in presence of water. The process implies a thermal decomposition step at a moderate temperature of the extracted organic material into lithium carbonate, which is then used as a lithiation agent for the preparation of fresh electrode material without loss of lithium.. ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:762754
Hybrid membranes based on ionic-liquid-functionalized poly(vinyl benzene chloride) beads for CO<sub>2</sub>...Hybrid membranes based on ionic-liquid-functionalized poly(vinyl benzene chloride) beads for CO<sub>2</sub>...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Hybrid membranes based on ionic-liquid-functionalized poly(vinyl benzene chloride) beads for CO2 capture. AU - Lim, Jung Yup. AU - Lee, Jae Hun. AU - Park, Min Su. AU - Kim, Jeong Hoon. AU - Kim, Jong Hak. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Center for Advanced Meta-Materials (CAMM) ( NRF-2014M3A6B3063716 ) and grants ( NRF-2017R1D1A1B06028030 , NRF-2017M1A2A2043448 ) from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning . Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Elsevier B.V.. PY - 2019/2/15. Y1 - 2019/2/15. N2 - Efficient hybrid composite membranes for CO2 capture were prepared using poly(vinyl benzene chloride) (PVBC) beads functionalized with an ionic liquid, butylimidazole bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (BITFSI). The PVBC-BITFSI beads were synthesized by a mass-producible method involving self-crosslinking polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization, and ion exchange. The structure and ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hybrid-membranes-based-on-ionic-liquid-functionalized-polyvinyl-b
REFRIGERATIONREFRIGERATION
Recently interest has been increasing in these cycles because of their potential use as part of energy-saving plants and also because they use more environmentally friendly refrigerants than vapor-compression cycles. A basic vapor-absorption system is shown schematically in Figure 6. The condenser, throttling valve and evaporator are essentially the same as in the vapor compression system (Figure 3). The major difference is the replacement of the compressor with an absorber, a generator, and a solution pump. A second throttling valve is also used to maintain the pressure difference between the absorber (at the evaporator pressure) and the generator (at the condenser pressure).. The refrigerant on leaving the evaporator is absorbed in a low-temperature absorbing medium, some heat, QA, being rejected in the process. The refrigerant-absorbent solution is then pumped to the higher pressure and is heated in the generator, QG. Refrigerants vapor then separates from the solution due to the high ...
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/1086/
Research Reports On China: China Fluorine Chemical Industry Chain Report, 2012-2015: Researchmoz.usResearch Reports On China: China Fluorine Chemical Industry Chain Report, 2012-2015: Researchmoz.us
In China, fluorine refrigerants mainly refer to R22, R134a, R125 and R32, whose aggregate capacity in 2011 up to 964,000 tons, of which, R22 is the most widely used type for the present, but due to its destruction of the ozone layer, a step-by-step elimination will be inevitable; R134a is primarily employed as the automotive air-conditioning refrigerant, and Zhejiang Juhua Co., Ltd. as the leading company makes capacity of 58kt/a; R32 and R125 have found wide application in production of R410a and other mixed refrigerants (significant alternatives of R22), key enterprises are Jiangsu Meilan Chemical Co., Ltd. with 16k/a R32 and Sinochem Lantian Co., Ltd. with 11kt/a R125. ...
http://chinaresearchreporton.blogspot.com/2013/01/china-fluorine-chemical-industry-chain_7.html
August 2019 | CMS Heating and Air ConditioningAugust 2019 | CMS Heating and Air Conditioning
While there could be many reasons behind a leaking coil (sometimes a neophyte tech who repaired your system lately) but one of the most common reasons is the presence of volatile organic compounds VOCs in the indoor. These are usually present in paints, air fresheners, cleaning products etc. As the air is sucked by the AC to cool, a chemical reaction takes place when the refrigerant reacts with these VOCs. Resultantly, acid is produced which creates holes in the refrigerant coil/pipe. Since the holes are usually very tiny, they cannot be observed with naked eyes. However, there are signs to figure out a refrigerant leak situation ...
http://blog.cmsheating.ca/2019/08/
Ammonia As a Refrigerant: Pros and Cons | Just VentingAmmonia As a Refrigerant: Pros and Cons | Just Venting
Looking forward to the change to ammonia refrigeration systems. They used ammonia refrigeration systems on the brine systems on the salmon tenders in Alaska. One time there was a large venting of ammonia off the stern of a boat, and I was pretty much trapped on the other side. Felt I had to get past that leak and did. Not pleasant but no trip to the hospital. If I had been older and wiser, I would have just walked around to the bow and exited that way. Age and wisdom is a good thing. Most, if not all, travel trailers use ammonia systems for refrigeration, without negative repercussions. Freons are extremely strong green house gasses, 1000s of time stronger than CO2, and take 1000s of years to break down in the atmosphere (the carbon cycle for CO2 is in the order of two decades or less). Ammonia has no green house potential and is a fertilizer for plant growth, especially when mixed with atmospheric water, for which it has a strong affinity. ...
http://www.goodway.com/hvac-blog/2009/08/ammonia-as-a-refrigerant-pros-and-cons/?replytocom=3327
Ammonia As a Refrigerant: Pros and Cons | Just VentingAmmonia As a Refrigerant: Pros and Cons | Just Venting
Looking forward to the change to ammonia refrigeration systems. They used ammonia refrigeration systems on the brine systems on the salmon tenders in Alaska. One time there was a large venting of ammonia off the stern of a boat, and I was pretty much trapped on the other side. Felt I had to get past that leak and did. Not pleasant but no trip to the hospital. If I had been older and wiser, I would have just walked around to the bow and exited that way. Age and wisdom is a good thing. Most, if not all, travel trailers use ammonia systems for refrigeration, without negative repercussions. Freons are extremely strong green house gasses, 1000s of time stronger than CO2, and take 1000s of years to break down in the atmosphere (the carbon cycle for CO2 is in the order of two decades or less). Ammonia has no green house potential and is a fertilizer for plant growth, especially when mixed with atmospheric water, for which it has a strong affinity. ...
http://www.goodway.com/hvac-blog/2009/08/ammonia-as-a-refrigerant-pros-and-cons/?replytocom=216836
Phononic raises a cool $40 million to make quiet, spacious refrigerators - TechCrunchPhononic raises a cool $40 million to make quiet, spacious refrigerators - TechCrunch
Refrigeration and air conditioning used to require vapor compressors, chemicals like Freon, fans, water chillers or passive heat sinks. But a North Carolina company called Phononic has developed solid-state refrigeration technology instead. Phononic, which employs about 110 full-time today, just raised an additional $40 million in equity funding to rapidly expand manufacturing of its semiconductors […]
https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/16/phononic-raises-a-cool-40-million-to-make-quiet-spacious-refrigerators/
Global Water-Based Personal Lubricant Market CAGR of 6.75% during 2016-2020: Industry Analysis, Geographical Segmentation,...Global Water-Based Personal Lubricant Market CAGR of 6.75% during 2016-2020: Industry Analysis, Geographical Segmentation,...
And continued…. Get Sample PDF @. http://www.360marketupdates.com/enquiry/request-sample/10366345. Water-Based Personal Lubricant Market Drivers:. • Increase in customer acceptance. • For a full, detailed list, view our report. Water-Based Personal Lubricant Market Challenges:. • Side effects. • For a full, detailed list, view our report Water-Based Personal Lubricant Market Trends:. • Rise in awareness among consumers. • For a full, detailed list, view our report. Global Water-Based Personal Lubricant Market report delivers detailed study on the major drivers and restraints for the key players & their impact.. Key Vendors of Water-Based Personal Lubricant Market:. • BioFilm. • Church & Dwight. • Reckitt Benckiser. • Topco Sales. And many more…. Water-Based Personal Lubricant market report provides key statistics on the market status of the Water-Based Personal Lubricant manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals ...
http://beforeitsnews.com/business/2017/03/global-water-based-personal-lubricant-market-cagr-of-6-75-during-2016-2020-industry-analysis-geographical-segmentation-drivers-challenges-trend-forecasts-3224549.html
bayliner ciera 1990
26k (new it would cost around $96k today). Copyright © Boats-from-USA.com 2020. Great boat to take fishing off shore and cruising the rivers/lakes once the quarantine orders are released! Dealer sets the actual price. Full set of new gauges (2017) - better than the original factory ones;New steering wheel with new cables to the drive (2017); New throttle and shift cables installed (2017); Flat screen TV with a DVD player (2017); New Sony stereo installed in the cabin with remote and phone connector at the pilots seat(2017); New seven JBL speakers (two in the cabin, two on the stern, and two mid-ship with a 12 JBL Competition Subwoofer beneath the L-shaped seating) (2017). Title \\BGKXFILP01\Departments\Customer Service\Bayliner\Brochures - Spec Sheets\BROCHURES\1990\1990 Ciera Brochure.xps Author: terry.kerr Created Date Select a 1990 Bayliner Marine Corp Model Selling a variety of bowriders, deck boats and … The only negative: The dorm room sized refrigerator needs more freon to get colder, ...
http://blog.nietofineart.com/docs/bayliner-ciera-1990-766d41
Search ResultsSearch Results
You may also wish to search for items by Bruno, T. and Bruno. 22 matching references were found. McLinden, M.O.; Gallagher, J.S.; Weber, L.A.; Morrison, G.; Ward, D.; Goodwin, A.R.H.; Moldover, M.R.; Schmidt, J.W.; Chae, H.B.; Bruno, T.J.; Ely, J.F.; Huber, M.L., Measurement and formulation of the thermodynamic properties of refrigerants 134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and 123 (1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane), ASHRAE Trans., 1989, 95, 2, 263-283. [all data] Magee, J.W.; Bruno, T.J., Isochoric (p,«rho»,T) Measurements for Liquid Toluene from 180 K to 400 K at Pressures to 35 MPa, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1996, 41, 900-905. [all data] Hansen, B.N.; Lagalante, A.F.; Sievers, R.E.; Bruno, T.J., High-pressure equilibrium cell for solubility measurements in supercritical fluids, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 1994, 65, 2112-14. [all data] Bruno, T.J.; Wood, M.A.; Hansen, B.N., Refractive Indices of Fluids Related to Alternative Refrigerants, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol., 1994, 99, 263-6. [all data] ...
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?Author=Bruno%2C+T.J.&Units=CAL&Mask=1A8F
Radiative forcingRadiative forcing
These data show that CO2 dominates the total forcing, with methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) becoming relatively smaller ... methane, and nitrous oxide: A significant revision of the methane radiative forcing". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (24): 12 ... This index is a measure of the inter-annual changes in conditions that affect carbon dioxide emission and uptake, methane and ... A year 2016 study suggests a significant revision to the methane IPCC formula. Forcings by the most influential trace gases in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_forcing
Headspace gas chromatography for dissolved gas measurementHeadspace gas chromatography for dissolved gas measurement
For example, methane has been found in many water wells in West Virginia. One of the most widely used methods for headspace ... Examples of volatile anthropogenic chemicals include the refrigerants chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs ... "Testing for Methane, Ethane and Ethene in Water by Headspace Analysis Utilizing Method 3810 - Modified" (PDF). Retrieved 16 ... USGS (January 2006). "Methane in West Virginia Ground Water". Fact Sheet 2006-3011. Retrieved 16 April 2019. Pace Analytical. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headspace_gas_chromatography_for_dissolved_gas_measurement
Carbon cycleCarbon cycle
... which includes forcing from the much larger concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane. Chlorofluorocarbons also cause ... Methane produces a larger greenhouse effect per volume as compared to carbon dioxide, but it exists in much lower ... Methane production is also typically high in the anoxic sediments of floodplains, lakes, and reservoirs. Primary production is ... Arctic methane emissions indirectly caused by anthropogenic global warming also affect the carbon cycle and contribute to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle
Atmosphere of EarthAtmosphere of Earth
Stratospheric ozone depletion is caused by air pollution, chiefly from chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances ... methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Besides argon, already mentioned, other noble gases, neon, helium, krypton, and xenon are ... methane and ammonia. Outgassing from volcanism, supplemented by gases produced during the late heavy bombardment of Earth by ... methane and nitrous oxide. This increase has caused an observed rise in global temperatures. Global average surface ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth
Arctic resources raceArctic resources race
The gases that have a role in the greenhouse effect are mainly carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons ... The acceleration of ice depletion will contribute to climate change as a whole: melting ice releases methane, ice reflects ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_resources_race
Breeding for heat stress toleranceBreeding for heat stress tolerance
... methane, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrous oxides. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC) has predicted a rise of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breeding_for_heat_stress_tolerance
Stanley Meyers water fuel cellStanley Meyer's water fuel cell
... methane, chlorofluorocarbons, free radicals/electrons, radiation, among others). The resultant hydrogen gas was then burned to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Meyer's_water_fuel_cell
Greenhouse gas emissionsGreenhouse gas emissions
"Global Methane Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities" (PDF). Global Methane Initiative. 2020. "Sources of methane emissions". ... use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigeration systems, and use of CFCs and halons in fire suppression systems and ... Deforestation and other changes in land use also emit carbon dioxide and methane. The largest source of anthropogenic methane ... Fossil fuels (32%), again, account for most of the methane emissions including coal mining (12% of methane total), gas ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions
HalomethaneHalomethane
Like methane itself, halomethanes are tetrahedral molecules. The halogen atoms differ greatly in size and charge from hydrogen ... Many, including the chlorofluorocarbons, have attracted wide attention because they become active when exposed to ultraviolet ... Halomethane compounds are derivatives of methane (CH4) with one or more of the hydrogen atoms replaced with halogen atoms (F, ... In general, halomethanes are volatile but less so than methane because of the polarizability of the halides. The polarizability ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomethane
Greenhouse gas emissions by the United StatesGreenhouse gas emissions by the United States
Methane is mainly produced by livestock and agricultural practices. Methane was estimated to make up 10% of emitted greenhouse ... Another area of concern is that of ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs ... The blowout lasted 20 days, releasing more than 50,000 tons of methane into the atmosphere. The blowout leaked more methane ... The Coalbed Methane Outreach Program (CMOP) works to reduce methane released into the atmosphere as a result of coal mining by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States
Infrared windowInfrared window
These include the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluororcarbons (HFC and HCFCs). As discussed below, a major reason that ... methane CH 4 and nitrous oxide N 2O. The concentration of the least common of these, N 2O, is about 400 ppbV. Other gases which ... Ramanathan, Veerabhadran; 'Greenhouse Effect Due to Chlorofluorocarbons: Climatic Implications'; Science, vol. 190, no. 4209 ( ... one year after Roland and Molina's much-more-celebrated paper on the ability of chlorofluorocarbons to destroy stratospheric ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_window
Air pollutionAir pollution
... methane, carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons), particulates (both organic and inorganic), and biological molecules. Air ... They are categorized as either methane (CH4) or non-methane (NMVOCs). Methane is an extremely efficient greenhouse gas which ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Emitted from goods that are now prohibited from use; harmful to the ozone layer. These are gases ... "Cracking down on methane 'ultra emitters' is a quick way to combat climate change, researchers find". The Washington Post. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution
James HansenJames Hansen
... such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons. However, even then he wrote "the future balance of forcings is likely to shift toward ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hansen
Fluoroantimonic acidFluoroantimonic acid
In 1967, Bickel and Hogeveen showed that 2HF·SbF5 will remove H2 from isobutane and methane from neopentane to form carbenium ... Materials compatible with fluoroantimonic acid as a solvent include SO2ClF, and sulfur dioxide; some chlorofluorocarbons have ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoroantimonic_acid
List of MeSH codes (D02)List of MeSH codes (D02)
... chlorofluorocarbons MeSH D02.455.526.439.220.300 - chlorofluorocarbons, methane MeSH D02.455.526.439.224 - chloroform MeSH ... chlorofluorocarbons MeSH D02.455.526.510.140.300 - chlorofluorocarbons, methane MeSH D02.455.526.510.432 - fluorobenzenes MeSH ... methane MeSH D02.455.326.146.571.850 - tetranitromethane MeSH D02.455.326.146.672 - nitroparaffins MeSH D02.455.326.146.672.800 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D02)
Climate change in South KoreaClimate change in South Korea
... methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11 and CFC-12). The Anyone-do station is located in a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_South_Korea
Greenhouse gasGreenhouse gas
Methane (CH 4) Nitrous oxide (N 2O) Ozone (O 3) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs and HCFCs) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Perfluorocarbons ... Methane has indirect effects in addition to forming CO2. The main chemical that reacts with methane in the atmosphere is the ... and from then on methane's relative role continues to decline. The decrease in GWP at longer times is because methane ... CO2 from the oxidation of methane is not included in the methane Global warming potential). Other chemical reactions include ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas
Global coolingGlobal cooling
... such as methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons. Early in that decade, carbon dioxide was the only widely studied human ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_cooling
Vehicle emissions controlVehicle emissions control
Methane is not directly toxic, but is more difficult to break down in fuel vent lines and a charcoal canister is meant to ... for example chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and formaldehyde. Carbon monoxide (CO) - A product of incomplete combustion, inhaled ... Technology for one application (to meet a non-methane hydrocarbon standard) may not be suitable for use in an application that ... Regulations governing hydrocarbons vary according to type of engine and jurisdiction; in some cases, "non-methane hydrocarbons ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_emissions_control
List of abbreviations relating to climate changeList of abbreviations relating to climate change
Methane CINC - Interdepartmental Committee of Climate Negotiators CLP - Carbon Literacy Project CMA - Meeting of the Parties to ... Chlorofluorocarbon CFRF - Climate Financial Risk Forum (UK) CF4 - Carbon tetrafluoride or tetrafluoromethane (greenhouse gas) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abbreviations_relating_to_climate_change
Climate change acronymsClimate change acronyms
CDR - Carbon dioxide removal CER - Certified Emission Reduction CFC - Chlorofluorocarbon CF4 - Carbon tetrafluoride CH4 - ... Methane COP - Conference of the Parties CO2 - Carbon dioxide C2F6 - Hexafluoroethane DER - Distributed Energy Resources is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_acronyms
Climate sensitivityClimate sensitivity
... mainly methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbon) that have been emitted since the 18th century was roughly 2.8 W/m2. The ... as well as increased concentrations of other greenhouse gases such as nitrous oxide and methane. The increasing temperatures ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_sensitivity
Greenhouse effectGreenhouse effect
For example, methane plays an important role in producing tropospheric ozone and formation of more carbon dioxide. NOx and CO ... chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).: AVII-60 These gases are mostly produced ... Hogan, Kathleen B.; Hoffman, John S.; Thompson, Anne M. (1991). "Methane on the greenhouse agenda". Nature. 354 (6350): 181-182 ... Methane (CH4), 4~9%; Tropospheric ozone (O3), 3~7%. It is not practical to assign a specific percentage to each gas because the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect
Chlorine cycleChlorine cycle
Kim, Ki-Hyun; Shon, Zang-Ho; Nguyen, Hang Thi; Jeon, Eui-Chan (2011). "A review of major chlorofluorocarbons and their ... where it interacts with UV-C radiation and forms highly reactive chloride ions that interact with methane. These highly ... Chlorine plays a large role in atmospheric cycling and climate, including, but not limited to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The ... signalling in the brain and regulate many other essential functions in biology The depleting effects of chlorofluorocarbons ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine_cycle
ChlorofluorocarbonChlorofluorocarbon
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formulae CClmF4−m and C2ClmF6−m, ... Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formula CClmFnH4−m−n and ... chlorofluorocarbon-11 and chlorofluorocarbon-12 in seawater". Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 55 (8): ... Thus, methane boils at −161 °C whereas the fluoromethanes boil between −51.7 (CF2H2) and −128 °C (CF4). The CFCs have still ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon
Ozone depletion and climate changeOzone depletion and climate change
Chlorofluorocarbons, in contrast, are insoluble and long-lived, allowing them to reach the stratosphere. In the lower ... As with carbon dioxide and methane, there are some natural sources of tropospheric chlorine, such as sea spray. Chlorine from ... in fact ozone and chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halocarbons, which are held responsible for ozone ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion_and_climate_change
History of climate change scienceHistory of climate change science
He found that water vapor, hydrocarbons like methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) strongly block the radiation. He ... In 1973 James Lovelock speculated that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) could have a global warming effect. In 1975 V. Ramanathan ... by 1985 Ramanathan and others showed that CFCs together with methane and other trace gases could have nearly as important a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_climate_change_science
FluoromethaneFluoromethane
The name stems from the fact that it is methane (CH4) with a fluorine atom substituted for one of the hydrogen atoms. It is ... These compounds are related to the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), but since they do not contain chlorine, are not destructive to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluoromethane
Terraforming of MarsTerraforming of Mars
However, like ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4) is a relatively light gas. It is in fact even less dense than ammonia and so would ... Especially powerful greenhouse gases, such as sulfur hexafluoride, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), or perfluorocarbons (PFCs), have ... Even if a method could be found to prevent it escaping into space, methane can exist in the Martian atmosphere for only a ... Another way to create a Martian atmosphere would be to import methane (CH4) or other hydrocarbons, which are common in Titan's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terraforming_of_Mars
Glossary of climate changeGlossary of climate change
methane A greenhouse gas released by enteric fermentation in livestock, rice production, and fossil fuel extraction. ... Freon The trade name for a group of proprietary odorless, colorless, nonflammable, and noncorrosive chlorofluorocarbon and ... clathrate gun hypothesis The hypothesis that melting methane clathrates could trigger runaway or very severe global warming. ... one of the causes of methane emissions. environmental crime Crime against environmental legislation that is liable for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_climate_change
Polusyon sa durosPolusyon sa duros
... methane, carbon dioxide asin chlorofluorocarbons), mga particulates (organiko asin inorganiko), asin mga biological molecules. ... An methane sarong nagsasabog o nagkakalayong elemto sa duros. An Methane saro man na asphyxiant asin puedeng magdispensia nin ... Mga basura sa mga landfill, na namumunga nin mga methane. ...
https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polusyon_sa_duros
Invasive speciesInvasive species
Water hyacinth can be turned into fuel by methane digesters,[134] and other invasive plants can also be harvested and utilized ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species
Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °CSpecial Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C
Such measures could be undertaken in the energy sector and by reducing nitrous oxide and methane from agriculture, methane from ... The 1987 Montreal Protocol banned Chlorofluorocarbon (CFO) and the ozone layer recovered by 2000. In giving the Nobel to ... Deep reductions in non-CO2 emissions (such as nitrous oxide and methane) will also be required to limit warming to 1.5 °C. ... This involves deep reductions in emissions of methane and black carbon: at least 35% of both by 2050, relative to 2010, to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Report_on_Global_Warming_of_1.5_°C
Ice coreIce core
Because CH 4 (methane) is produced in lakes and wetlands, the amount in the atmosphere is correlated with the strength of ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which contribute to the greenhouse effect and also cause ozone loss in the stratosphere, can be ... Ruddiman, William F.; Raymo, Maureen E. (2003). "A methane-based time scale for Vostok ice" (PDF). Quaternary Science Reviews. ... methane) can be used to connect the chronology of a Greenland core (for example) with an Antarctic core. In cases where ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_core
Galileo projectGalileo project
The problem was traced back to a chlorofluorocarbon used to clean parts after soldering. It had been absorbed, and was then ... The NIMS was employed to look for mesospheric clouds, which are believed to be caused by methane released by industrial ... of methane in Earth's atmosphere (a gas which must be replenished by either volcanic or biological activity), and modulated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_project
Polar seasPolar seas
There is an interest in a potential release of methane gas, a potent greenhouse gas, from methane clathrates present in the ... Developed nations ceased the production and use of chlorofluorocarbons and the atmospheric abundance and consequent ozone ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_seas
Human impact on the environmentHuman impact on the environment
... methane emission is currently contributing relatively little to global warming. Although reduction of methane emissions would ... Andino, Jean M. (21 October 1999). "Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are heavier than air, so how do scientists suppose that these ... "Methane mitigation in ruminants: from microbe to the farm scale". Animal. 4 (3): 351-365. doi:10.1017/S1751731109990620. PMID ... Boadi, D. (2004). "Mitigation strategies to reduce enteric methane emissions from dairy cows: Update review". Can. J. Anim. Sci ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment
HaloalkaneHaloalkane
Chlorofluorocarbons Chlorofluorocarbons were used almost universally as refrigerants and propellants due to their relatively ... For example, methane (CH 4) has a melting point of -182.5 °C whereas tetrafluoromethane (CF 4) has a melting point of -183.6 °C ... For example, the chlorofluorocarbons have been shown to lead to ozone depletion. Methyl bromide is a controversial fumigant. ... For example, ethane with bromine becomes bromoethane, methane with four chlorine groups becomes tetrachloromethane. However, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloalkane
Carbon tetrafluorideCarbon tetrafluoride
Although structurally similar to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tetrafluoromethane does not deplete the ozone layer because the ... tetrafluoromethane is the perfluorinated counterpart to the hydrocarbon methane. It can also be classified as a haloalkane or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tetrafluoride
Veerabhadran RamanathanVeerabhadran Ramanathan
In a 2014 paper, Ramanathan and co-authors suggested that mitigating methane, soot, ozone and hydrofluorocarbons in the ... Ramanathan, V. (1975). "Greenhouse Effect Due to Chlorofluorocarbons: Climatic Implications". Science. 190 (4209): 50-51. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerabhadran_Ramanathan
Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol
These reduction targets are in addition to the industrial gases, chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are dealt with under the ... Emission savings include cuts in methane, HFC, and N2O emissions. As noted earlier on, the first-round Kyoto emissions ... CO2 was the largest proportion of emissions (63%), followed by methane (26%) and nitrous oxide (N2O) (11%). The energy sector ... The targets apply to the four greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), sulphur hexafluoride ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol
Ozone depletionOzone depletion
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible for man-made chemical ... However, fluorine atoms react rapidly with water vapour, methane and hydrogen to form strongly bound hydrogen fluoride (HF) in ... These elements are found in stable organic compounds, especially chlorofluorocarbons, which can travel to the stratosphere ... This fact plus the amount of chlorine released into the atmosphere yearly by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion
Zeotropic mixtureZeotropic mixture
For example, nitrogen, methane, ethane, propane, and isobutane constitute a zeotropic mixture. Individual substances within the ... and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) have on the ozone layer and global warming. Researchers have focused on using new mixtures that ... In addition, ethylene is separated from methane and ethane for industrial purposes using multi-component distillation. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeotropic_mixture
AnthropoceneAnthropocene
How Did Humans First Alter Global Climate?, Scientific American, 2005 Methane: A Scientific Journey from Obscurity to Climate ... created a hole in the ozone layer through the industrial scale release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), released enough ... includes nice graphic showing the rise in methane (a greenhouse gas), from agricultural slash-and-burn started 8,000 years ago ... "A note on the relationship between ice core methane concentrations and insolation". Geophysical Research Letters. 31 (23): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene
James LovelockJames Lovelock
... methane, or hydrogen, but with an overwhelming abundance of carbon dioxide. To Lovelock, the stark contrast between the Martian ... became the first to detect the widespread presence of chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. While designing scientific ... which ultimately assisted in discoveries about the persistence of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and their role in stratospheric ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lovelock
ChlorineChlorine
Due to the ready homolytic fission of the C-Cl bond to create chlorine radicals in the upper atmosphere, chlorofluorocarbons ... About 15000 chlorine-containing compounds are commercially traded, including such diverse compounds as chlorinated methane, ... In the upper atmosphere, chlorine-containing organic molecules such as chlorofluorocarbons have been implicated in ozone ... They are important because they are produced when chlorofluorocarbons undergo photolysis in the upper atmosphere and cause the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine
BiologyBiology
Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from ... One example is the banning of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) by the Montreal Protocol, as CFCs tend to deplete the ozone layer, ... For example, a single carbon atom can form four single covalent bonds such as in methane, two double covalent bonds such as in ... The largest driver of warming is the emission of greenhouse gases, of which more than 90% are carbon dioxide and methane. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology
RTECS:PA8200000 - Methane, dichlorodifluoro- - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | CDC/NIOSHRTECS:PA8200000 - Methane, dichlorodifluoro- - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | CDC/NIOSH
Chlorofluorocarbon 12. Dichlorodifluoromethane. Dichlorodifluoromethane (ACGIH:OSHA). Difluorodichloromethane. ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/PA7D1F40.html
中文中文
Chlorofluorocarbons [‎2]‎. Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane [‎4]‎. Chloroguanide [‎4]‎. Chloroguanide [‎12]‎. Chlorophenols [‎1]‎. ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=zh&etal=-1&type=mesh&offset=809&rpp=20&order=ASC&sort_by=-1&starts_with_previous=C
Radiative forcing - WikipediaRadiative forcing - Wikipedia
These data show that CO2 dominates the total forcing, with methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) becoming relatively smaller ... methane, and nitrous oxide: A significant revision of the methane radiative forcing". Geophysical Research Letters. 43 (24): 12 ... This index is a measure of the inter-annual changes in conditions that affect carbon dioxide emission and uptake, methane and ... A year 2016 study suggests a significant revision to the methane IPCC formula. Forcings by the most influential trace gases in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_forcing
Why is our Earth warming up? - The Green OptimisticWhy is our Earth warming up? - The Green Optimistic
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are synthetic gases in which the hydrogen atoms of methane are replaced ... Methane. Although methane ("marsh gas") is released by natural processes (e.g. from decay occurring in swamps), human ... The methane concentration in the air is presently some 1.8 parts per million (ppm) and is growing at a rate of 1% per year. ... Although this concentration is far less than that of CO2, methane is 30 times as potent a greenhouse gas and so may now be ...
https://www.greenoptimistic.com/why-is-our-earth-warming-up-20080129/
The science behind climate change | NatWest Corporates and InstitutionsThe science behind climate change | NatWest Corporates and Institutions
They include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide and chlorofluorocarbons.. WMO: The World Meteorological Organization is ...
https://www.natwest.com/corporates/insights/sustainability/esg-essentials-for-corporates/esg-essentials-for-corporates-3-science-behind-climate-change.html
Advanced Whole Air Sampler (AWAS) Data
NON-METHANE HYDROCARBONS/VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS * EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > HALOCARBONS AND ... HALOGENS > CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS * EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY > HALOCARBONS AND HALOGENS > ...
http://data.eol.ucar.edu/dataset/383.034?format=text
Chapter 38 - T2020Chapter 38 - T2020
Containing methane, ethane or propane hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), but not containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). KGM. ... Containing methane, ethane or propane chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), whether or not containing hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). ... Mixtures containing halogenated derivatives of methane, ethane or propane: - Containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), whether or ... Containing methane, ethane or propane hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs). KGM. Free. CCCT, LDCT, GPT, UST, MT, MUST, CIAT, CT, CRT ...
https://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/trade-commerce/tariff-tarif/2020/html/00/ch38-eng.html
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) | Encyclopedia.com
CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS: Members of the larger group of compounds termed halocarbons. All halocarbons contain carbon and halons ( ... The most important greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and various artificial chemicals ... methane, and nitrous oxide in Earths atmosphere, causing global warming and global climate change. ... such as chlorofluorocarbons. All but the latter are naturally occurring, but human activity over the last several centuries has ...
https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/energy-government-and-defense-magazines/united-nations-environment-programme-unep
New hole in the atmosphere discovered , page 1New hole in the atmosphere discovered , page 1
Except it doesnt get rid of chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and works very slowly on methane.) This hole is ... Oxidation of methane [A] 40 MT - Aviation (2004) 290 MT • assuming an average of 10% of the total 320MT from fuel is burnt ...
https://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread1008186/pg1
MRSC - Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies for Local GovernmentsMRSC - Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies for Local Governments
GHGs include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons, among other gases. A significant human source of ... production of materials and by reducing the flow of materials to the landfill where anaerobic decomposition produces methane - ...
https://mrsc.org/Home/Explore-Topics/Environment/Sustainability/Greenhouse-Gas-Reduction-Strategies.aspx
The Search for Extraterrestrial Air Pollution | TimeThe Search for Extraterrestrial Air Pollution | Time
Unlike oxygen and methane, which occur naturally, CFCs are almost entirely artificial. If an Earth-size planet had just ten ... In this case, the relevant models involve chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, the chemicals used in refrigerators and air ... The first is to look for telltale gases in exoplanets atmospheres, such as oxygen and methane, that would suggest the presence ...
https://time.com/3030705/the-search-for-extraterrestrial-air-pollution/
Acronyms and Abbreviations - European Environment AgencyAcronyms and Abbreviations - European Environment Agency
chlorofluorocarbon. CFP Common Fisheries Policy (EU) CH4 methane. CHP. combined heat and power. ...
https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-826-5409-5/page041.html
Global Warming is Happening and Humans are the Primary Cause | Union of Concerned ScientistsGlobal Warming is Happening and Humans are the Primary Cause | Union of Concerned Scientists
... chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and nitrous oxide." (August 2012) ...
https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/global-warming-happening-and-humans-are-primary-cause
Every Flight is a Mission to Planet EarthEvery Flight is a Mission to Planet Earth
UARS housed ten instruments to collect data on a variety of chemicals-including carbon dioxide, ozone, chlorine, methane, ... nitrogen oxides, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)-and the processes that create, destroy, and mix them in the stratosphere, a ...
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/ShuttleRetrospective
MODELING THE FUTURE | Edge.orgMODELING THE FUTURE | Edge.org
... more than doubling methane, adding chloro-fluorocarbons, etc.. Now factor in aerosols-particles, dusts and hazes which mostly ... Some examples: melting permafrost dumps methane and gives you a big amplifier; the current tropical forests, so long as youre ...
https://www.edge.org/conversation/modeling-the-future
Can We Repair the Air? | Discover MagazineCan We Repair the Air? | Discover Magazine
... in carbon dioxide but also a 100 percent rise in methane and has introduced such unnatural chemicals as chlorofluorocarbons ( ... It has been known for almost 150 years that atmospheric gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide ...
https://www.discovermagazine.com/environment/can-we-repair-the-air
Statistical Modeling of Emission Factors of Fossil Fuels Contributing to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in AfricaStatistical Modeling of Emission Factors of Fossil Fuels Contributing to Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in Africa
Methane, Water Vapor, Chlorofluorocarbons, etc. ... carry gas consisting essentially of methane, and Gas flares (Gf ...
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=93816
Climate change - New World EncyclopediaClimate change - New World Encyclopedia
Water vapour (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ozone (O3) are the primary GHGs in the Earths ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs are being phased out by the Montreal Protocol because they contribute to ozone depletion, but ... Methane (CH4). Only about 0.0002% of the atmosphere, but it is more efficient at trapping radiation than carbon dioxide. Pound ... Methane also comes from coal, rice farms, biofuel consumption, and is produced when methanogenic bacteria utilize organic ...
https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Climate_change
How to name halogenoalkanes haloalkanes alkyl halides structure nomenclature general empirical structural skeletal displayed...
Abbreviations used: CFC = chlorofluorocarbon; HCFC = hydrochlorofluorocarbon; HFC = hydrofluorocarbon. 2. (a) ... 2. to 7. Are examples of multi-substituted halogenoalkanes based on methane ... 1 carbon, methane; 2 carbons, ethane; 3 carbons, propane; 4 carbons, butane. ... trichlorofluoromethane, (CFC-11, a chlorofluorocarbon or CFC). The Cl-C-Cl and F-C-Cl bond angles will be ~109o ...
https://www.docbrown.info/page06/halogenoalkanes1.htm
ACP - Relations - Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set...ACP - Relations - Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set...
Bayesian assessment of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and halon banks suggest large reservoirs still ... We use 2010-2015 satellite observations of atmospheric methane to improve estimates of methane emissions and their trends, as ... An accurate assessment of the methane budget is important to understand the atmospheric methane concentrations and trends and ... Atmospheric methanes growth rate rose by 50 % in 2020 relative to 2019. Lower nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions tend to increase ...
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/17/7683/2017/acp-17-7683-2017-relations.html
The Climate Threat We Can Beat | Foreign AffairsThe Climate Threat We Can Beat | Foreign Affairs
... methane, lower atmospheric ozone, and industrial gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which ... The UNEP concluded that such steps would make it possible to cut 40 percent of global man-made methane emissions and almost 75 ...
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2012-04-20/climate-threat-we-can-beat
Road To Ruin | By Derrick Jensen | Issue 302 | The Sun MagazineRoad To Ruin | By Derrick Jensen | Issue 302 | The Sun Magazine
And motor-vehicle air conditioners in the U.S. are the worlds single largest source of atmospheric chlorofluorocarbons, which ... Carbon monoxide, besides being poisonous, contributes to global warming by promoting the buildup of methane, a powerful ...
https://www.thesunmagazine.org/issues/302/road-to-ruin
Climate Forcing - OSS FoundationClimate Forcing - OSS Foundation
The greenhouse gases consist of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Other ...
https://ossfoundation.us/projects/info_tech/supply-chain/projects/environment/global-warming/radiative-climate-forcing
Flames Rising » An excerpt from Elizabeth Hands Glimmering » PrintFlames Rising » An excerpt from Elizabeth Hand's Glimmering » Print
The Antarctic deposits alone contained over three times the amount of methane found in the atmosphere; methane has a greenhouse ... In the early 1990s, BRITE had been developed in Finland as a substitute for chlorofluorocarbons and hexachlorofluorocarbons, ... The polar regions vast deposits of gas hydrate, with their frozen stores of methane, held the potential to provide twice as ... almost inconceivably vast store of methane from the hydrate reservoir. ...
https://www.flamesrising.com/glimmering-excerpt/print/
Details for: Considérations sur l enseignement de la médecine dans les pays en voie de développement : › WHO HQ...Details for: Considérations sur l' enseignement de la médecine dans les pays en voie de développement : › WHO HQ...
HQ SERIAL Partially halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (methane derivatives / HQ SERIAL Evaluation des centres de santé / HQ ...
https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=15921&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=29159
The Low-Carbon Diet | Foreign AffairsThe Low-Carbon Diet | Foreign Affairs
... methane, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbons, is the better policy because it is simpler to enact, more difficult to corrupt, and ... transforming animal waste into methane gas for energy use, and capturing methane as it escapes from landfills. ... Methane emissions from animal waste are a global problem, and uncovered waste is also a threat to public health. Offsets ... Some of these programs have used captured methane to generate power and run farm equipment and are now being used on a larger ...
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/world/low-carbon-diet
No Wars, No Warming - Coalition for Peace ActionNo Wars, No Warming - Coalition for Peace Action
We Need Progress on CFCs, and Methane Gas CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), used in refrigeration, release 10,000% more heat- ... Why is methane a big problem? Heres an explanation from EDF, the Environmental Defense Fund:. "EPA targets methane, but more ... We must push for this to be completed! Also, methane gas traps 80% more heat than CO2, in the short term, and methane is the ... More EDF Reports: Job growth in methane mitigation; Technology: Catalyzing new monitors for methane gas wells.. What can we do ...
https://peacecoalition.org/campaigns/no-wars.html
Air Pollution and Climate Change: Two Sides of the Same Coin | Online VersionAir Pollution and Climate Change: Two Sides of the Same Coin | Online Version
... chlorofluoro carbon and Ozone, also known as greenhouse gases. Among these pollutants, black carbon, carbon dioxide and methane ... The combustion of fossil fuels and industrial smoke emits large amounts of black carbon, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide ...
https://www.daily-sun.com/post/643172/Air-Pollution-and-Climate-Change:-Two-Sides-of-the-Same-Coin
Greenhouse Gases/Effect - OSS FoundationGreenhouse Gases/Effect - OSS Foundation
The dominant natural greenhouse gases are H20 (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide), CH4 (methane), and Nitrous oxide (N2O). There are ... also industrial CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons). H20, CO2, CH4, and N2O are all naturally present in the the atmosphere. Chiefly, ...
http://www.ossfoundation.us/events/2009/projects/environment/global-warming/greenhouse-gases
CFCsNitrous oxidesOxidesEmissionsEthaneSulfur DioxideCarbon monoxideAtmosphereCFC'sRefrigerantsProduces methaneGreenhouse gassesCOMPOUNDSGHGsOxygenForm of methaneHFCsHYDROCARBONSWaterChlorineNitrogen oxideHydrochlorofluorocarbonsConcentrationsNaturallyChemicalsDerivativesAerosolEarth'sLandfillsPollutantsClimateBlack carbonCowsStratosphereDangerous greenhouseCompostReleased by natural processesScientistsProcessesOzone layerGlobal
CFCs28
  • The Montreal Protocol stipulated that the production and consumption of compounds that deplete the stratospheric ozone layer -chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride , and methyl chloroform- would be phased out by 2000 (2005 for methyl chloroform). (encyclopedia.com)
  • At least 40 percent of current global warming can be blamed on four other types of pollutants: dark soot particles called black carbon, methane, lower atmospheric ozone, and industrial gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which are used as coolants in refrigerators. (foreignaffairs.com)
  • The greenhouse gases consist of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 0) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (ossfoundation.us)
  • The most important greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere include water vapor (H 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), ozone (O 3 ), and the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (appinsys.com)
  • Carbon dioxide and other gases, including methane and nitrous oxide (generated by activities such as rubbish disposal, cattle farming, and the use of fertilizers), and highly damaging chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), have now formed a blanket around the earth. (cuentoseningles.com.ar)
  • Ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere is the result of human-produced chemicals, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. (earthplatform.com)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have the highest GWP (13,000), followed by nitrous oxide (300), then methane (25). (fiveable.me)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), harmful to the ozone layer emitted from products currently banned from use. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • It also comes from burning fossil fuels, as well as from the production of organic fertilizer.Another type of greenhouse gas that affects the climate is chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (finnolux.com)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are an example. (metaglossary.com)
  • Other greenhouse gases are like oxides of nitrogen (nitrous oxide), halocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chlorine and bromine compounds, etc. (envrexperts.com)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), used in refrigeration, and aerosols destroy the ozone layer that shields the earth from UV rays. (andreas-denz.com)
  • Recognizing that the ozone hole resulted from ozone-depleting chemicals, namely chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the Montreal Protocol was adopted in 1987 to phase out the use of CFCs and other chemicals that were breaking down the ozone layer. (suprememastertv.com)
  • Moreover, landfills have been shown to be a major source of anthropogenic halogenated greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and their hydrogenated substitutes (HCFCs, HFCs). (researcher.life)
  • The actual process is very similar: The earth is surrounded by a blanket of gases including water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxides, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (actforlibraries.org)
  • It is the overall amount of not only carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions but also emissions of other GHG such as methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O),chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydro fluorocatbons (HCFs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) that are directly and indirectly associated with a product along its supply chain. (sda-architect.com)
  • Greenhouse gases refer to the sum of seven gases that have direct effects on climate change : carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (insulating gas) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). (nazareth.pl)
  • The primary gas released by the burning of fossil fuels is carbon dioxide, or CO2, but greenhouse gases also include methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). (sfgate.com)
  • Greenhouse gases refer to the sum of seven gases that have direct effects on climate change : carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulphur hexafluoride (sf6 gas) and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3). (hotelikoddech.pl)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium-helium, chloride, boron, dissolved gases, and nitrogen isotopes were evaluated to determine some long-term effects of augmenting aquifer recharge using recycled water (secondary- and tertiary-treated wastewater). (usgs.gov)
  • lt;p>Let's take a look at the most extreme case: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (mit.edu)
  • The release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as refrigerants, propellants in aerosol sprays, and solvents contributes heavily to the depletion of the ozone layer in the earth's stratosphere. (nerdytermpapers.com)
  • Measurements show that the decline in chlorine, resulting from an international ban on chlorine-containing manmade chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), has resulted in about 20 percent less ozone depletion during the Antarctic winter than there was in 2005 - the first year that measurements of chlorine and ozone during the Antarctic winter were made by NASA's Aura satellite. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • HFCs predecessors, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), were discontinued under the ozone-protecting Montreal Protocol when scientists realized the compounds were responsible for the growing hole in the ozone layer, which protects Earth from the Sun's dangerous ultraviolet rays. (rappler.com)
  • In fact, atmospheric CO2 concentrations differ by less than 3 parts per million in 2010 between his Scenarios A and B. No, the main difference between the scenarios involves the other greenhouse gases, primarily chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (skepticalscience.com)
  • CFCs had been phased out by the year 2000 and replaced by hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). (franksproduceandgreenhouse.com)
  • Over the course of more than thirty years, EPA and industry partners successfully wound down usage of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) in Title VI of the Clean Air Act, enacted following the 1987 Montreal Protocol. (freshlawblog.com)
  • Part gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, water vapours, and CFCs, can capture some of the heat radiations emitted by the earth or the sun. (inspiritvr.com)
Nitrous oxides1
  • Although carbon dioxide is claimed to be the reason for greater than 60{d9f1213397ed120bf7b11d8ea5d54adbda6d06ca500309783ef22ecba3621a0e} of global warming, there are other substances which cause global warming as effectively, including methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrous oxides. (zhongfu900.com)
Oxides2
  • Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Ammonia (NH 3 ) and Volatile Organic Compounds without Methane (NMVOCs). (prtr-es.es)
  • It is extremely important to reduce the amount of the 'greenhouse gases' such as methane and carbon oxides. (wypracowania24.pl)
Emissions13
  • The bill also creates a registry of greenhouse gas emissions and systematizes what are now mostly haphazard efforts to offset emissions, such as planting trees, transforming animal waste into methane gas for energy use, and capturing methane as it escapes from landfills. (foreignaffairs.com)
  • Methane emissions also result from livestock and agricultural practices and from the anaerobic decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. (epa.gov)
  • Other actions that Canada has outlined to mitigate emissions include: expanding clean/low-carbon energy (including developing a clean fuel standard), further regulation of the electricity industry, improving energy efficiency, developing 'net-zero energy ready' building codes for new buildings, setting stricter vehicle standards, pursuing regulations to reduce methane emissions from oil & gas, as well as regulations to phase down hydrofluorocarbons. (climatepolicytracker.org)
  • As stated in my Reduce Outdoor Air Pollution environmental sustainability initiative, a vehicle that runs on fossil fuels, when burned, emits dangerous emit dangerous greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions - carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide - into our atmosphere producing air pollution. (corrconcepts.com)
  • It primarily focuses on the GHG emissions associated with consumption , but also includes other emissions such as methane (CH4), nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons . (impactful.ninja)
  • Page 102 - Emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrous oxide. (co.ke)
  • the global emissions of an important greenhouse gas such as methane are estimated to be between 20 and 70 Tg year−1. (researcher.life)
  • Emissions of pollutant gases from the burning of fossil fuels, production and use of synthetic chemicals, and the conversion of natural environments to agricultural systems have increased the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons to the highest levels known for at least 160,000 years of Earth history. (unh.edu)
  • 1992. The sensitivity of methane emissions from northern freshwater wetlands to global warming, in Global Climate Change and Freshwater Ecosystems, P Firth and S Fisher (eds. (unh.edu)
  • Smithers-Oasis was the first in the industry to eliminate the use of chlorofluorocarbon from floral foam production and has successfully reduced volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs) by more than 85% over the last 25 years. (flowerweb.com)
  • This is not the full picture, because the indicator only considers the direct green-house gas emissions (carbon dioxide, methane, and others) of the primary economic activities, but not the emissions of the upstream, supplier part of the value chain (backward linkages) and the economic activities in the downstream, buyer part of the value chain (forward linkages. (dataobservatory.eu)
  • By reducing air and water pollution and saving energy, recycling offers an important environmental benefit: it reduces emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons, that contribute to global climate change. (safehubcollective.org)
  • For example, although the United States is home to just 5 per cent of the world's population, the country generates 22 per cent of human-made carbon dioxide emissions and 19 per cent of all greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. (aktuality.sk)
Ethane5
  • Carbon tetrachloride is produced by exhaustive chlorination of a variety of low molecular weight hydrocarbons such as carbon disulfide, methane, ethane, propane, and ethylene dichloride (HSDB 2004). (cdc.gov)
  • Harmful chemicals released as a derivative of ethane and methane. (nelhydrogen.com)
  • Any hydrocarbon (except methane and ethane) which is able to change quickly to a gas. (metaglossary.com)
  • Volatile Organic Compounds - A mixture of light-end components of crude oil - methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. that are released from crude oil during crude oil transfers or transportation. (metaglossary.com)
  • Most refrigerants are made from two molecules,methane and ethane.These two molecules contain hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) and are referred to as pure hydrocarbons (HCs). (autoacrepair1.com)
Sulfur Dioxide3
  • THEN, how does Carbon-dioxide, Methane, Nitrous-dioxide, and Chlorofluorocarbons behave differently from Water Vapor and Sulfur Dioxide which cool the Earth? (hydroculture.global)
  • Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, sulfur dioxide and methane lock the atmospheric heat and ultimately trigger a rise within the atmospheric temperature. (zhongfu900.com)
  • Gaseous waste contains harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and greenhouse gases such as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). (dailybn.com)
Carbon monoxide1
  • The predominant greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are carbon monoxide, methane, nitrous oxide and Halogens. (speedypaper.com)
Atmosphere19
  • raising cattle (fermentation in their rumens produces methane that is expelled - collectively adding an estimated 100 million tons a year to the atmosphere). (greenoptimistic.com)
  • Methane gas from cows and pigs and other animals on our large farms ends up in the atmosphere as well, trapping more of the sun's energy as heat. (quotemaster.org)
  • Examples of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere include carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour and nitrous oxide (Crytzen, 2016). (speedypaper.com)
  • Methane has gotten produced in the atmosphere through the use of natural gas. (speedypaper.com)
  • Methane is another green house gas release in the atmosphere by the anaerobic decomposition of organic materials. (envrexperts.com)
  • Chlorofluorocarbon gas is used at many places as aerosol propellants in the industrial cleaning fluids and in the refrigerators, the gradual release of which causes declination to the ozone layer in the atmosphere. (envrexperts.com)
  • [1] Carbon dioxide (0.04%), nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone are trace gases that account for almost 0.1% of Earth's atmosphere and have an appreciable greenhouse effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fossil fuels burnt to achieve humanistic objectives raise the extent of such greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons. (studydaddy.com)
  • Methane, second to carbon dioxide in amount in the atmosphere is generated from rice cultivation and decaying landfills. (studydaddy.com)
  • Although it is not as highly concentrated in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, methane has a GWP that is 29 [2] times larger, meaning it is still a very potent greenhouse gas. (energyeducation.ca)
  • Methane is regulated by natural processes in the atmosphere involving water vapour and oxygen , although human influence is capable of upsetting this regulation. (energyeducation.ca)
  • Green house effect' refers to selective energy absorption by green house gases(e.g., carbon dioxide, methane , nitrogen oxide, chlorofluorocarbons and water vapour) in the atmosphere, which allows short wavelength energy to pass through but absorbs longer wavelength and reflect heat back to earth. (cleariitmedical.com)
  • Almost of the observed temperature increase over the last 50 years has been due to the increase in the atmosphere of greenhouse gas concentrations like water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane and ozone.Greenhouse gases are those gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect (see below). (thatspizza.it)
  • global warming: A gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. (thatspizza.it)
  • This phenomenon is due to the properties of certain gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons) to trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere, preventing it from returning to space after being reflected by Earth. (ompe.org)
  • Reports indicate that gas flaring in Nigeria contributed more greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere than the combined contribution of gas flaring on GHGs in the Sub-Saharan African countries. (sci-rep.com)
  • There is no single solution to global warming, which is primarily a problem of too much heat-trapping carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. (uv.es)
  • When initially released, methane is about 100 times more potent than carbon dioxide, but its lifetime in the atmosphere is much shorter - about a decade, unlike carbon dioxide's residence time of centuries. (mit.edu)
  • lt;p>Jessika Trancik, the Atlantic Richfield Career Development Associate Professor in Energy Studies at MIT's Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, says that because of the very different dynamics of methane in the atmosphere compared to carbon dioxide, it can be misleading to rely on the conventional single-factor comparisons that are often used. (mit.edu)
CFC's7
  • In this case, the relevant models involve chlorofluorocarbons, or CFC's, the chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners. (time.com)
  • Unlike oxygen and methane, which occur naturally, CFC's are almost entirely artificial. (time.com)
  • The dominant natural greenhouse gases are H 2 0 (water), CO 2 (carbon dioxide), CH 4 (methane), and Nitrous oxide (N 2 O). There are also industrial CFC's (Chlorofluorocarbons). (ossfoundation.us)
  • CFC's or ChloroFluoroCarbons used to be one of the most effective refrigerant gases until it was banned due to its harmful impact on the Ozone. (crowcon.com)
  • Other significant greenhouse gases are methane, nitrous oxide, and various man-made CFC's (chlorofluorocarbons). (planetpov.com)
  • CFC's, which is a synthetic compound, purely coming from the industries and chlorofluorocarbons are a major harm to the ozone layer. (eduzaurus.com)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) are another type of greenhouse gas. (bkallergy.com)
Refrigerants4
  • In addition, chlorofluorocarbons, which are used as refrigerants in air conditioners and refrigerators, and methane are generated from food waste and paddy fields, which are also part of greenhouse gases. (cornellcea.com)
  • Halogens such as chlorofluorocarbons have gotten produced through the use of refrigerants and retardants. (speedypaper.com)
  • 3. Chlorofluorocarbons- These are compounds of carbon and halogens used as propellants in aerosols, refrigerants, fire extinguishers, plastic foams, jet fuels etc. (aakash.ac.in)
  • The Senate then rushed into panic, ramming through, by a 96-to-0 vote, an accelerated ban on certain chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants. (freerepublic.com)
Produces methane2
  • Decomposition under low oxygen conditions produces methane. (fiveable.me)
  • The opposite is also true: "Inefficient composting processes can result in anaerobic (rather than aerobic) conditions which produces methane and nitrous oxide. (malamahuleia.org)
Greenhouse gasses1
  • Methane accounts for 16% of greenhouse gasses in the last 20 years. (abedubin.com)
COMPOUNDS2
  • The main sources are nitrogen compounds in fertilizers, methane coming from compost production and cattle grazing, and the carbon dioxide produced by burning the fuel used by agricultural vehicles. (pulawy.com)
  • The international treaty banned the use of chlorofluorocarbons and related compounds, which break down in the stratosphere and release chlorine molecules. (wattsupwiththat.com)
GHGs2
  • But the 1997 Kyoto Protocol called for reduction in the emission of six GHGs -- carbon dioxide, methane, perfluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, sulphur hexafluoride and HFCs. (org.in)
  • CO 2 , methane, nitrous oxide) and short-lived (e.g., ozone) GHGs have resulted in rapid changes in patterns of climatological mean conditions and variability. (epa.gov)
Oxygen4
  • decay (producing CO 2 if oxygen is present, methane (CH 4 ) if it is not. (greenoptimistic.com)
  • The first is to look for telltale gases in exoplanets' atmospheres , such as oxygen and methane, that would suggest the presence of some rudimentary life form, like bacteria. (time.com)
  • The introduction of oxygen consumption in the carbon cycle due to photosynthesis led to a significant reduction in methane, which at the time was produced by some of the first bacteria through the consumption of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. (energyeducation.ca)
  • Then there will be the search for biomarkers suggesting the presence of life, molecules like methane and oxygen, and the characteristic light absorption patterns of photosynthesis. (discovermagazine.com)
Form of methane2
  • A naturally developed form of methane. (nelhydrogen.com)
  • Hydrocarbons- made from hydrogen and carbon most commonly a pollutant in the form of methane. (studylib.net)
HFCs1
  • HFCs - though they are greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide - are not dealt with under the Paris Agreement but under the Montreal Protocol, adopted in 1987. (rappler.com)
HYDROCARBONS1
  • After the ozone war, Rowland and his team researched and publicized the risks of cook stove pollution over cities, the alarming build-up of methane and other greenhouse gases, and even hydrocarbons over the Gulf of Mexico. (uci.edu)
Water9
  • The circulation of radiation that warms the earth is referred to as the greenhouse effect and the gases involved are called the greenhouse gases, which mainly include Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Water Vapor, Chlorofluorocarbons, etc. (scirp.org)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons, water vapour, ozone, methane and carbon dioxide are the examples of greenhouse gases. (casestudyhelp.com)
  • These greenhouse gases comprises of the Water Vapors, CO2, Methane, Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and Chlorofluorocarbons. (eduzaurus.com)
  • There are many bad Greenhouse Gases such as Co2, Water Vapor, Ozone Chlorofluorocarbons but the worst of the bunch is Methane. (abedubin.com)
  • The primary gases contributing to this are carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. (zhongfu900.com)
  • The so-called greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons - trap heat that is reflected off the earth's surface. (yale.edu)
  • It results from the fact that certain atmospheric gases, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, are capable of changing the energy balance of the planet by being able to absorb long wave radiation from the earth's surface. (brainboosterarticles.com)
  • The most significant greenhouse gases, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), are: water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). (livescience.com)
  • Also, these areas have no detectable methane, whereas methane is present in the native ground water older than 50 years. (usgs.gov)
Chlorine3
  • A similar pollutant is called Chlorofluorocarbons made from carbon, chlorine, and flourine, they were used in refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosol cans. (studylib.net)
  • But after chlorine has destroyed nearly all the available ozone, it reacts instead with methane to form hydrochloric acid, a gas measured by MLS. (wattsupwiththat.com)
  • Scientists discovered that methane is a form of Freon by substituting the atoms of fluorine and chlorine in it. (franksproduceandgreenhouse.com)
Nitrogen oxide1
  • They include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide and chlorofluorocarbons. (natwest.com)
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons1
  • We want to how much the increase of one unit of production will increase the CO2-equivalent of various greenhouse gases, not only CO2 itself, but also methane (CH4), Nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons, hydrochlorofluorocarbons, and halons). (dataobservatory.eu)
Concentrations6
  • 1990). One likely consequence of the increasing concentrations of atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide and methane is a change in global climate. (unh.edu)
  • About 3.5 billion years ago, prior to photosynthesis utilizing plants, the concentrations of methane were 1000 times higher than they are today. (energyeducation.ca)
  • While in much lower concentrations than both carbon dioxide and methane, nitrous oxide has a GWP 298 times [2] greater than that of carbon dioxide. (energyeducation.ca)
  • To a lesser extent, the clearing of land for agriculture, industry, and other human activities have increased the concentrations of other greenhouse gases like methane (CH4), and further increased (CO2). (actforlibraries.org)
  • As an example of the global impact of our energy systems, Figure 1 shows concentrations of important greenhouse gases over the past 20,000 years.1 Significant increases in atmospheric concentrations of the key greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have been observed over the 250 years since the beginning of the industrial revolution. (moam.info)
  • One of the principal causes is thought to be high atmospheric concentrations of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. (aktuality.sk)
Naturally3
  • Methane and carbon dioxide are a few of the naturally occurring greenhouse gases. (zhongfu900.com)
  • Methane (CH 4 ) is a naturally occurring gas, making up 90% of natural gas . (energyeducation.ca)
  • Methane is produced naturally deep in the ground when organic plant and animal matter is compressed at high temperatures over thousands of years and is therefore considered a fossil fuel. (energyeducation.ca)
Chemicals2
  • Chemicals like the chlorofluorocarbons in refrigerators and air conditioners harm the ozone layer as they rise into the air. (yale.edu)
  • The gases that capture heat are called CH4 20% CO2 60% Green House Gases which include carbon dioxide CFC 14% (CO2), methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O) and a variety of manufactured chemicals like chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). (studymateriall.com)
Derivatives1
  • Other chemical derivatives of methanol include dimethyl ether, which has replaced chlorofluorocarbons as an aerosol spray propellant, and acetic acid. (worldofmolecules.com)
Aerosol1
  • Carbon tetrachloride is a feedstock for chlorofluorocarbon gases, such as dichlorodifluoromethane (F-12) and trichlorofluoro methane (F-11), which were used as aerosol propellants in the 1950s and 1960s (Holbrook 1991). (cdc.gov)
Earth's1
  • UC Irvine founding professor F. Sherwood Rowland, who patiently endured years of criticism and then won a Nobel Prize for showing that chlorofluorocarbons could destroy the Earth's ozone layer, died Saturday, March 10, at his home in Corona del Mar from complications from Parkinson's disease. (uci.edu)
Landfills3
  • The additional methane is coming from a few sources, including decomposing organic matter from landfills, agriculture, and believe it or not, it also comes from cow digestion (there are more cows because of people). (finnolux.com)
  • Another greenhouse gas is methane, which may come from gas emitted by livestock, landfills, and the natural gas industry. (bkallergy.com)
  • OASIS® NATUREBASE® Bio Floral Foam's new formula is designed for modern landfills and attracts microbes that break the foam down into methane, CO2 and organic matter. (flowerweb.com)
Pollutants2
  • Among these pollutants, black carbon, carbon dioxide and methane are called Short Live Climate Pollution (SLCPs) or short-life climate pollutants. (daily-sun.com)
  • Beyond that will be the search for technosignatures that might indicate the presence of a civilization, signals such as industrial pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons and even narrowband radio transmissions. (discovermagazine.com)
Climate2
  • Scientific studies have investigated the various impacts on climate-chemistry interactions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3). (suprememastertv.com)
  • But this time the MIT team applied their climate model not to carbon dioxide, but to the other greenhouse gases , among them methane and the chlorofluorocarbons. (theenergymix.com)
Black carbon1
  • The combustion of fossil fuels and industrial smoke emits large amounts of black carbon, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluoro carbon and Ozone, also known as greenhouse gases. (daily-sun.com)
Cows1
  • methane stays in the because cows keep BURPING. (abedubin.com)
Stratosphere1
  • It's been found that increases in the gases nitrous oxide and methane in the stratosphere could impact catalytic ozone cycles. (suprememastertv.com)
Dangerous greenhouse1
  • We can let go of that and save our planet and a few billion animals' suffering while we are also stopping the production of methane, the most dangerous greenhouse gas. (rainbowyogatraining.com)
Compost1
  • Composting is appropriate if the compost is managed to ensure aerobic digestion, to avoid methane production. (malamahuleia.org)
Released by natural processes1
  • Although methane ("marsh gas") is released by natural processes (e.g. from decay occurring in swamps), human activities may now account for over one-half of the total. (greenoptimistic.com)
Scientists1
  • The scientists also tested methane in their simulation: suppose the world went on emitting at the current rate until 2050, 2100, or 2150 and then stopped completely? (theenergymix.com)
Processes1
  • Lower temperature processes release a larger percentage of methane and nitrous oxide, both of which are dramatically more powerful greenhouse gases than carbon dioxide. (malamahuleia.org)
Ozone layer2
  • The polar regions' vast deposits of gas hydrate, with their frozen stores of methane, held the potential to provide twice as much carbon energy as the fossil fuels that had helped cause the rapid degradation of the ozone layer. (flamesrising.com)
  • Ozone layer is declining day by day by increasing release of chlorofluorocarbon gas. (envrexperts.com)
Global4
  • The increase in cattle farming created a large scale global increase in methane production. (fiveable.me)
  • Greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane are believed to lead to global warming. (andreas-denz.com)
  • 2. Methane- It contributes to 20% of global warming. (aakash.ac.in)
  • Available at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/12/12/new-data-reveals-uptick-in-global-gas-flaring. (sci-rep.com)
RTECS:PA8200000 - Methane, dichlorodifluoro- - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | CDC/NIOSH
RTECS:PA8200000 - Methane, dichlorodifluoro- - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | CDC/NIOSH (cdc.gov)
MRSC - Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies for Local Governments
MRSC - Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies for Local Governments (mrsc.org)
ACP - Relations - Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set...
ACP - Relations - Speciation of anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds: a global gridded data set... (acp.copernicus.org)
The Climate Threat We Can Beat | Foreign Affairs
The Climate Threat We Can Beat | Foreign Affairs (foreignaffairs.com)
Flames Rising » An excerpt from Elizabeth Hand's Glimmering » Print
Flames Rising » An excerpt from Elizabeth Hand's Glimmering » Print (flamesrising.com)
No Wars, No Warming - Coalition for Peace Action
No Wars, No Warming - Coalition for Peace Action (peacecoalition.org)
Greenhouse Gases/Effect - OSS Foundation
Greenhouse Gases/Effect - OSS Foundation (ossfoundation.us)
No silver lining: The COVID-19 pandemic won't slow climate change » Yale Climate Connections
No silver lining: The COVID-19 pandemic won't slow climate change » Yale Climate Connections (yaleclimateconnections.org)
The Way We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter - media - Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation
The Way We Eat: Why Our Food Choices Matter - media - Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation (sustainability-innovation.asu.edu)
Greenhouse Gas Accounting - GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool
Greenhouse Gas Accounting - GSA Sustainable Facilities Tool (sftool.gov)
Quotes about Carbon Dioxide (107 quotes)
Quotes about Carbon Dioxide (107 quotes) (quotemaster.org)
Cuentos Cortos en ingles gratis-Free Short Stories
Cuentos Cortos en ingles gratis-Free Short Stories (cuentoseningles.com.ar)
Refrigerant Gases - Crowcon Detection Instruments Ltd
Refrigerant Gases - Crowcon Detection Instruments Ltd (crowcon.com)
Portlets.arcticportal.org - Contributors
Portlets.arcticportal.org - Contributors (portlets.arcticportal.org)
Climate Change Indicators: Greenhouse Gases | US EPA
Climate Change Indicators: Greenhouse Gases | US EPA (epa.gov)
The Air You Breathe Is Full of Surprises
The Air You Breathe Is Full of Surprises (nationalgeographic.com)
CBSE_UGC-NET Paper 1 (381-400)
CBSE_UGC-NET Paper 1 (381-400) (liscafey.com)
An Easy Guide to Global Warming: What Is Global Warming? - PlanetPOV
An Easy Guide to Global Warming: What Is Global Warming? - PlanetPOV (planetpov.com)
Tools | ResilientCA
Tools | ResilientCA (resilientca.org)
Search | ResilientCA
Search | ResilientCA (resilientca.org)
How The Greenhouse Effect Changes The Planet - Free Essay Example - Edubirdie
How The Greenhouse Effect Changes The Planet - Free Essay Example - Edubirdie (edubirdie.com)
Air pollution - New World Encyclopedia
Air pollution - New World Encyclopedia (newworldencyclopedia.org)
How did caveman live? - Answers More
How did caveman live? - Answers More (answersmore.com)
Green house gasses - Abe's Website
Green house gasses - Abe's Website (abedubin.com)
(8billiontrees.com)
DaVarius Robinson - Climate Change Is
DaVarius Robinson - Climate Change Is (climatechangeis.org)
Global Warming And Agriculture - Z900
Global Warming And Agriculture - Z900 (zhongfu900.com)
What Is the Carbon Footprint of Aviation/Jet Fuel? A Life-Cycle Assessment | Impactful Ninja
What Is the Carbon Footprint of Aviation/Jet Fuel? A Life-Cycle Assessment | Impactful Ninja (impactful.ninja)
Jewcology | Teachers / Educators
Jewcology | Teachers / Educators (jewcology.org)
Greenhouse gas - Energy Education
Greenhouse gas - Energy Education (energyeducation.ca)