Chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane
Aerosol Propellants
Compressed gases or vapors in a container which, upon release of pressure and expansion through a valve, carry another substance from the container. They are used for cosmetics, household cleaners, and so on. Examples are BUTANES; CARBON DIOXIDE; FLUOROCARBONS; NITROGEN; and PROPANE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane
Ozone
The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).
Ozone Depletion
Stratospheric Ozone
Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere. It is produced continuously by the action of solar ULTRAVIOLET RAYS on oxygen in the stratosphere. The stratospheric ozone (especially at the ozone layer) blocks much of the solar UV radiation of wavelengths of 320 nanometers or less from being transmitted to lower ATMOSPHERE of the Earth.
Chemical Processes
Methyl Chloride
Air Conditioning
The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, and concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Environmental Health
National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
An agency of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH concerned with overall planning, promoting, and administering programs pertaining to advancement of medical and related sciences. Major activities of this institute include the collection, dissemination, and exchange of information important to the progress of medicine and health, research in medical informatics and support for medical library development.
Chlorine
A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabric bleaching.
Isotopes
Sick Building Syndrome
A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (ALVEOLITIS, EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC); allergic rhinitis (RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, PERENNIAL); ASTHMA; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Copying Processes
Volatile Organic Compounds
Encyclopedias as Topic
Ventilation
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.)
Structural consequences of anesthetic and nonimmobilizer interaction with gramicidin A channels. (1/62)
Although interactions of general anesthetics with soluble proteins have been studied, the specific interactions with membrane bound-proteins that characterize general anesthesia are largely unknown. The structural modulations of anesthetic interactions with synaptic ion channels have not been elucidated. Using gramicidin A as a simplified model for transmembrane ion channels, we have recently demonstrated that a pair of structurally similar volatile anesthetic and nonimmobilizer, 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (F3) and 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), respectively, have distinctly different effects on the channel function. Using high-resolution NMR structural analysis, we show here that neither F3 nor F6 at pharmacologically relevant concentrations can significantly affect the secondary structure of the gramicidin A channel. Although both the anesthetic F3 and the nonimmobilizer F6 can perturb residues at the middle section of the channel deep inside the hydrophobic region in the sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, only F3, but not F6, can significantly alter the chemical shifts of the tryptophan indole N-H protons near the channel entrances. The results are consistent with the notion that anesthetics cause functional change of the channel by interacting with the amphipathic domains at the peptide-lipid-water interface. (+info)Distinctly different interactions of anesthetic and nonimmobilizer with transmembrane channel peptides. (2/62)
Although it plays no clinical role in general anesthesia, gramicidin A, a transmembrane channel peptide, provides an excellent model for studying the specific interaction between volatile anesthetics and membrane proteins at the molecular level. We show here that a pair of structurally similar volatile anesthetic and nonimmobilizer (nonanesthetic), 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (F3) and 1, 2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), respectively, interacts differently with the transmembrane peptide. With 400 microM gramicidin A in a vesicle suspension of 60 mM phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol (PC/PG), the intermolecular cross-relaxation rate constants between (19)F of F3 and (1)H in the chemical shift regions for the indole and backbone amide protons were 0.0106 +/- 0.0007 (n = 12) and 0.0105 +/- 0.0014 (n = 8) s(-1), respectively. No cross-relaxation was measurable between (19)F of F6 and protons in these regions. Sodium transport study showed that with 75 microM gramicidin A in a vesicle suspension of 66 mM PC/PG, F3 increased the (23)Na apparent efflux rate constant from 149.7 +/- 7.2 of control (n = 3) to 191.7 +/- 12.2 s(-1) (n = 3), and the apparent influx rate constant from 182.1 +/- 15.4 to 222.8 +/- 21.7 s(-1) (n = 3). In contrast, F6 had no effects on either influx or efflux rate. It is concluded that the ability of general anesthetics to interact with amphipathic residues near the peptide-lipid-water interface and the inability of nonimmobilizer to do the same may represent some characteristics of anesthetic-protein interaction that are of importance to general anesthesia. (+info)Challenges in changing to non-chlorofluorocarbon inhalers in the treatment of asthma. (3/62)
The chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based metered dose inhaler, which has been the mainstay of the management of obstructive lung diseases, will soon be phased out world wide and replaced by CFC-free devices. Patients will have to be changed to the devices in a co-ordinated manner to avoid any risk to their health and safety. The different shapes and aerosol delivery characteristics of the new inhalers, as well as their distinctive taste, could add to the levels of poor drug use already experienced in asthma. From previous change scenarios in disease management, the potential for unstable asthma control is a real possibility with all the attendant costs. By using the time available before CFC-based inhalers are withdrawn, there is an opportunity to enhance asthma management during this period of change. (+info)Review of therapeutically equivalent alternatives to short acting beta(2) adrenoceptor agonists delivered via chlorofluorocarbon-containing inhalers. (4/62)
BACKGROUND: To study the transition from metered dose inhalers using chlorofluorocarbons as propellants (CFC-MDIs) to non-CFC containing devices, a systematic review was conducted of clinical trials which compared the delivery of salbutamol and terbutaline via CFC-MDIs and non-CFC devices. METHODS: Papers were selected by searching electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane, and BIDS) and further information and studies were sought from pharmaceutical companies. The studies were assessed for their methodological quality. RESULTS: Fifty three relevant trials were identified. Most were scientifically flawed in terms of study design, comparison of inappropriate doses, and insufficient power for the determination of therapeutic equivalence. Differences between inhaler devices were categorised according to efficacy and potency. Most trials claimed to show therapeutic equivalence, usually for the same doses from the different devices. Two commercially available salbutamol metered dose inhalers using a novel hydrofluorocarbon HFC-134a as propellant were equally as potent and efficacious as conventional CFC-MDIs, as were the Rotahaler and Clickhaler dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Evidence suggests that a dose of 200 microg salbutamol via CFC-MDI may be substituted with 200 microg and 400 microg of salbutamol via Accuhaler and Diskhaler DPIs, respectively. Terbutaline delivered via a Turbohaler DPI is equally as potent and efficacious as terbutaline delivered via a conventional CFC-MDI. CONCLUSIONS: When substituting non-CFC containing inhalers for CFC-MDIs, attention must be given to differences in inhaler characteristics which may result in variations in pulmonary function. (+info)Pharmacokinetics of chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate. (5/62)
AIMS: To compare the pharmacokinetic profile of Beclazone (beclomethasone dipropionate) in its chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based and CFC-free formulations. METHODS: Ten healthy adults received a single 1,000 microg nominal dose (ex-valve) of beclomethasone dipropionate from a CFC inhaler (BEC-CFC) or from a CFC-free inhaler containing hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-134a (BEC-HFA) in an open-label, randomized, two-way, crossover study. Blood samples were collected predose and over 12 h after inhalation. Comparisons were made of maximum plasma concentration of beclomethasone 17-monopropionate (17-BMP) (Cmax), and area under the plasma concentration vs time curve (AUC). RESULTS: The tmax was significantly (P<0.05) earlier with BEC-HFA and plasma levels were significantly higher following administration of BEC-HFA than BEC-CFC. Geometric mean values for AUC were 1.5 fold greater (90% CI 1.3-1.9) and for Cmax were 1.9 fold greater (90% CI 1.6-2.6) following BEC-HFA than BEC-CFC. CONCLUSIONS: Our data in healthy volunteers would not be consistent with the manufacturers' recommendation for a microgram equivalent (1:1) nominal dose switch between these HFA and CFC formulations. Further well designed trials are required in asthmatic patients to properly define their respective dose-response relationships for antiasthmatic and systemic adverse effects. (+info)Global warming in the twenty-first century: an alternative scenario. (6/62)
A common view is that the current global warming rate will continue or accelerate. But we argue that rapid warming in recent decades has been driven mainly by non-CO(2) greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as chlorofluorocarbons, CH(4), and N(2)O, not by the products of fossil fuel burning, CO(2) and aerosols, the positive and negative climate forcings of which are partially offsetting. The growth rate of non-CO(2) GHGs has declined in the past decade. If sources of CH(4) and O(3) precursors were reduced in the future, the change in climate forcing by non-CO(2) GHGs in the next 50 years could be near zero. Combined with a reduction of black carbon emissions and plausible success in slowing CO(2) emissions, this reduction of non-CO(2) GHGs could lead to a decline in the rate of global warming, reducing the danger of dramatic climate change. Such a focus on air pollution has practical benefits that unite the interests of developed and developing countries. However, assessment of ongoing and future climate change requires composition-specific long-term global monitoring of aerosol properties. (+info)Factors affecting the efficiency of aerosol therapy with pressurised metered-dose inhalers through plastic spacers. (7/62)
AIM: The main objective of this study was to compare the in vitro delivery of salbutamol from a chlorofluorocarbon(CFC)-propelled pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) versus a newly developed hydrofluoroalkane(HFA)-propelled pMDI through various spacers. In addition, we aimed to study the effect on bronchodilator response when using an optimal pMDI/spacer combination for aerosol delivery compared to a suboptimal combination. METHODS: Particle size distribution and output from salbutamol pMDIs containing either CFC propellants (Ventolin) or HFA propellants (Airomir) were measured using a multistage liquid impinger (MSLI) and compared to that through both detergent-coated (non-static) or untreated (static) large volume (Nebuhaler, Volumatic) and small volume (Aerochamber) plastic spacers. Flow-volume curves (FEV1) were obtained from twelve asthmatic children with known significant bronchodilator response (8 males), aged 13-17 years, randomly inhaling salbutamol from a CFC-pMDI through a static spacer (Nebuhaler) and from an HFA-pMDI through a non-static spacer (Nebuhaler). RESULTS: In vitro output of particles in the respirable range (< 6.8 microns) from HFA-pMDIs was significantly higher than that from CFC-pMDIs using various spacers. Removal of electrostatic charge increased output from CFC- and HFA-pMDIs through all spacers by 17-82%. The mean (SD) bronchodilator response after inhalation of salbutamol from a CFC-pMDI through a static spacer was 7.1% (6.3%) compared to 17.5% (7.9%) after inhalation from an HFA-pMDI through a non-static spacer (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Use of a newly developed HFA-propelled pMDI greatly improves drug delivery through spacers compared to a CFC-propelled pMDI. However, electrostatic charge in plastic spacers remains the key determinant limiting delivery of salbutamol from a pMDI through spacers, and can be reduced by soaking the spacer in a household detergent. Using an optimal pMDI/spacer combination leads to a significantly improved bronchodilator response. (+info)Moving from CFC aerosol to HFA aerosol or dry powder inhalers: what do patients think? (8/62)
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Environmentally friendly hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) pressurised metered-dose inhalers are currently being marketed to replace chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-driven devices. It is uncertain whether these new formulations with different properties are acceptable to patients. Similarly, switching a patient to a dry powder inhaler (DPI) carries the risk of non-acceptance. METHODS: One hundred patients with obstructive airway disease on regular CFC aerosol inhaler medication underwent a standardised, structured interview. During the interview patients were asked to use a new HFA aerosol inhaler and three DPIs in random order. Patients' notions were recorded. RESULTS: Most patients (96) agreed to change from their CFC to the HFA inhaler, of those, only 12 did so with some reservation. Properties (taste, user-friendliness, design) of the HFA inhaler were rated favourably. DPIs represented an acceptable alternative to aerosol inhalers. In fact, 57 patients preferred a DPI over the HFA inhaler. Not all powder devices were equally acceptable. Replacing the CFC inhaler with patients' preferred alternative devices resulted in a more than 3-fold increase in costs. CONCLUSION: Concerns about the acceptability of reformulated CFC-free aerosol inhalers are ill founded. However, if given the choice, many patients prefer a DPI over the HFA inhaler. The transition offers an opportunity to review patients' current treatment and the proficiency of their inhaling technique. Moving to CFC-free inhalers will have revenue implications. (+info)
Decision XV/32: Non-compliance with the Montreal Protocol by Cameroon | Ozone Secretariat
Montreal Protocol assessment reveals healing ozone, untapped potential for climate action - Todays Environmentalist
U.S. GAO - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration: Use of Ozone-Depleting Substances; Removal...
Essential use exemptions | Ozone Secretariat
THERMAL PLASMA DESTRUCTION OF OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES: TECHNOLOGIES AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM, CHEMICAL KINETIC AND FLUID...
Kitchener Company Pleads Guilty to Contravening Ozone-Depleting Substances Regulations - Environmental Law
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.com
Online Textbook - Annenberg Learner
ORBi: Browsing ORBi
ACP - Linkages between ozone-depleting substances, tropospheric oxidation and aerosols
Illinois Pesticide Review Newsletter
Illinois Pesticide Review
Epidemic of liver disease caused by hydrochlorofluorocarbons used as ozone-sparing substitutes of chlorofluorocarbons.
| DIAL...
CFC Substitutes: Good for the Ozone Layer, Bad for Climate? - Innovation Toronto
albuterol sulfate hfa inhaler - albuterol sulfate hfa inhaler online Wholesalers
Ozone depletion - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Chlorofluorocarbons
Summary Report | CureHunter
situation
UofT G8 Information Centre: All Commitments
Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer | Encyclopedia.com
ACP - Abstract - Chlorine isotope composition in chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 in firn, stratospheric and...
Tox Town - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - Toxic chemicals and environmental health risks where you live and work - Text Version
Toxic Chemistry: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), Health & Environment
Analysis of Trends in Consumption and Production of ODS in Developing Countries:
UNEP DTIE OzonAction Programme
Ozone Layer Protection | US EPA
Will China and India Help Curb HFCs, Or Stand in the Way? - The Energy Collective
SAGE III on ISS - Wikipedia
09/04/2013: United States Reaches Settlement with Safeway To Reduce Emissions of Ozone-Depleting Substances Nationwide /
Ozone-depleting Substances Regulations, 1998 - Repealed Regulations - Regulations and Other Instruments - CEPA Environmental...
Ozone-depleting substances 2016
-
European Environment Agency
The Scout Report for Science & Engineering - December 6, 2000 | Internet Scout
Great success: Scientists salute Montreal Protocol for shrinking ozone hole | National Post...
SUCCES FOR THE REPLACEMENT OF CFCS BY HFCS IN PHARMACEUTICAL AEROSOLS - Fluorocarbons
March 22 - Today in Science History - Scientists born on March 22nd, died, and events
Farxiga price in india - Best canadian pharmacy
Ozone Layer Depletion and the Montreal Protocol | HubPages
Recent OSHA Investigation Signals Greater Scrutiny for nPB and Related Solvents
Switching to HFA inhalers (question)? | Yahoo Answers
NASA -
NASA Keeps Eye On Ozone Layer Amid Montreal Protocols Success
Australias Science Channel | Ozone continues to deplete
OPUS 4 | Search
Montreal Protocol & Ozone Cell (OC) | Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India
International Climate Agreement Calls for Environmentally Preferable Alternatives in Middle East Cooling Systems | mid-east.info
Stratospheric ozone depletion | School of Chemistry | University of Bristol
The Importance of the Montreal Protocol in Protecting Earths Hydroclimate | Journal of Climate | American Meteorological...
Montreal Protocol Whos Who
Montreal Protocol Whos Who
Global Hydrochlorofluorocarbons Market 2017 - 3M, BASF Chemicals, DuPont, Gujarat Fluro Chemicals Limited - TimeGazette
PhostrEx - Wikipedia
ventolin hfa inhaler online, Buy Generic Albuterol Inhaler
UNEP DTIE OzonAction Branch: Topics - Science
Sustainability: A Nobel Cause « RealClimate
The Ozone Layer Interesting Facts - World Ozone Day | Ozone For Life - yodisphere.com
Secundum Artem: Albuterol and Political Correctness
Secundum Artem: Albuterol and Political Correctness
Alternatives to ozone-depleting pestici... ( VALLADOLID SPAIN -- Methyl bromide a...)
Stratospheric ozone depletion | World Problems & Global Issues | The Encyclopedia of World Problems
Plus it
the ozone layer gets depleted 驾考学员飞越考场 吐槽医院食堂被拘 | www.xunbo.cc,bloxorz, mia farrow,invictus gaming,浙江万里学院moodle,时间煮雨简谱,晨曦之雾...
Coating of air makes liquid bounce off fabric - Futurity
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen fluoride
Quantifying nitrous oxide production pathways in wastewater treatment by Haoran Duan, Liu Ye et al.
Saturated liquid viscosities and densities of environmentally acceptable hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) | SpringerLink
polyurethane
Aerosol Propellant Market worth 8.16 Billion USD by 2020
PMDI - admit-inhalers
Applications of Turbulent and Multi-Phase Combustion | Thermodynamics | General & Introductory Mechanical Engineering |...
Evaluation of R-410A refrigerant alternatives in a residential reversi by Pierre Pardo, Louis Charbonnier et al.
Fluoridation Australia | ROMANS TEETH BETTER THAN MODERN BRITONS.
Phaseout of Ozone Depleting Substances Project - GEF | Earth-Eval
Our World: Wij zijn sterfelijk en zullen tot stof vergaan
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | InforMEA
Printer-friendly version]
Pollution
Cabot Institute for the Environment blog
ORGANIC INFRARED ATTENUATION AGENTS - Patent application
Dark Bilious Vapors
Plus it
The Volcano Gambit « RealClimate
tangshan carbon steel checkered floor plate exporter - 316 stainless Steel Supplier
Ozone - Study Material for IIT JEE | askIITians
Foam Blowing Agents Market by Type (Hydrocarbons, Hydrofluorocarbons, Hydrochlorofluorocarbons and Others (Hydrofluoroolefins,...
Ozone Layer Recovering
Doctors Hear Gripes About HFA Inhalers | MedPage Today
Advair HFA Inhaler: Indications: Information About Advair
Advair HFA Inhaler: Indications: Information About Advair
Online casino games, Asthalin hfa inhaler price
FREE Comparison of Hitler And Stali Essay
Earths Tilt Increase Averted Ice Age? | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and Community
CDC - NIOSH 1988 OSHA PEL Project Documentation: List by Chemical Name: FLUOROTRICHLORO
Freon CAS 11126-05-9 Refrigerant R22 R134a R404a R406a R407c R410a R507 R600a from China manufacturer - MOSINTER GROUP LIMITED
spherical propellant grains, burning rate, particle size, morphology, porous permeability combustion layers - Begell House...
Volatile organic compound
Chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbons[edit]. Chlorofluorocarbons, which are banned or highly regulated, were widely used ...
List of common misconceptions
"Chlorofluorocarbons". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. NOAA. "Why Do Koreans Think Electric Fans Will Kill ... Ozone depletion is a separate problem caused by chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) which have been released into the atmosphere. ...
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
CFC-113 is a very unreactive chlorofluorocarbon. It remains in the atmosphere about 90 years, sufficiently long that it will ... 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, also called trichlorotrifluoroethane or CFC-113, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It has the ... ". "Chlorofluorocarbons". Columbia Encyclopedia. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28. Zumdahl, Steven (1995). Chemical Principles. ...
List of environmental issues
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) • Cyanide • DDT • Endocrine disruptors • Explosives • Environmental impact of the coal industry • ...
Thermoelectric cooling
Prior to their phaseout some early refrigerants, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), contributed significantly to ozone ... University of California (April 18, 2017). "Chlorofluorocarbons and Ozone Depletion". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019 ...
National Historic Chemical Landmarks
"Chlorofluorocarbons and Ozone Depletion". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 4 June 2018. "Plutonium-238 Production for Space ... on The Vitamin B Complex The discovery of Ivermectin Infrared Spectrometer and the Exploration of Mars Chlorofluorocarbons and ...
Global surface temperature
"Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)". Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 2009-11-16. Retrieved 2020-10-22 ...
Radiative forcing
These data show that CO 2 dominates the total forcing, with methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) becoming relatively smaller ... chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 12 and 11; and fifteen other halogenated gases. These data do not include the significant forcing ...
Volatile organic compound
Chlorofluorocarbons and chlorocarbonsEdit. Chlorofluorocarbons, which are banned or highly regulated, were widely used cleaning ...
Ozone depletion
"chlorofluorocarbons". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved March 28, 2011.. *^ Laube, Johannes C.; Newland, Mike J.; Hogan, Christopher ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogenated ozone-depleting substances (ODS) are mainly responsible for man-made chemical ... These elements are found in stable organic compounds, especially chlorofluorocarbons, which can travel to the stratosphere ... "Stratospheric Ozone Depletion by Chlorofluorocarbons (Nobel Lecture)-Encyclopedia of Earth". Eoearth.org. Archived from the ...
Compounds of fluorine
As with fluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and bromofluorocarbons are not flammable: they do not have carbon-hydrogen bonds to ... Substituting other halogens in combination with fluorine gives rise to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or bromofluorocarbons (BFCs) ... "Potentially acceptable substitutes for the chlorofluorocarbons". International Journal of Thermophysics. 10 (3): 553-561. ...
Environmental impact of cleaning products
"Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Your Environment, Your Health , National Library of Medicine". Tox Town. Retrieved 2020-03-09. ... Almost always, this propellant gas is called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs have been proven to damage the ozone layer and ... As aforementioned, products packaged in aerosol cans currently contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which damages the ozone ...
Fluoroantimonic acid
Materials compatible with fluoroantimonic acid as a solvent include SO2ClF, and sulfur dioxide; some chlorofluorocarbons have ...
Carbon cycle
Chlorofluorocarbons also cause stratospheric ozone depletion. International efforts are ongoing under the Montreal Protocol and ... Nevertheless, the buildup of relatively small concentrations (parts per trillion) of chlorofluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, and ...
Vehicle emissions control
... for example chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and formaldehyde. Volatile organic compounds are a subsection of Hydrocarbons that are ...
List of climate engineering topics
CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Stix, T.H. (1993). "Removal of chlorofluorocarbons from the troposphere". International ...
Greenhouse gas
use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigeration systems, and use of CFCs and halons in fire suppression systems and ...
Air pollution
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - harmful to the ozone layer; emitted from products are currently banned from use. These are gases ... methane and chlorofluorocarbons), particulates (both organic and inorganic), and biological molecules. Air pollution may cause ...
Veerabhadran Ramanathan
Ramanathan, V. (1975). "Greenhouse Effect Due to Chlorofluorocarbons: Climatic Implications". Science. 190 (4209): 50-51. ...
Infrared window
These include the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluororcarbons (HFC and HCFCs). As discussed below, a major reason that ... ISBN 978-0-495-55573-5. Ramanathan, Veerabhadran; 'Greenhouse Effect Due to Chlorofluorocarbons: Climatic Implications'; ... one year after Roland and Molina's much-more-celebrated paper on the ability of chlorofluorocarbons to destroy stratospheric ...
Ozone depletion potential
Chlorofluorocarbons have ODPs roughly equal to 1. Brominated substances have usually higher ODPs in range 5-15, because of more ... Ozone-Depletion and Chlorine-Loading Potential of Chlorofluorocarbon Alternatives Hurwitz, Margaret M.; Fleming, Eric L.; ...
Technoscience
CFCs that deplete the ozone layer are chlorofluorocarbons. Industry actually manufactured the chemicals and consumers purchased ...
Fluorochemical industry
Traditionally chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were the predominant fluorinated organic chemical. CFCs are identified by a system of ... Even though chlorofluorocarbons are widely banned, the replacement refrigerants are often other fluorinated molecules. ...
Sterilization (microbiology)
... diluents include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and carbon dioxide. Ethylene oxide is still ...
Global distillation
Exceptions include highly volatile, persistent substances such as chlorofluorocarbons. Stockholm Convention "Ridding the world ...
Mario Molina
He later earned the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering how chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer. Dr. Molina is a ... "Chlorofluorocarbons and Ozone Depletion: A National Historic Chemical Landmark". International Historic Chemical Landmarks. ... This study soon led to research into chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), apparently harmless gases that were used in refrigerants, ... of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in noting the threat to the Earth's ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC ...
Ammonia
It was commonly used before the popularisation of chlorofluorocarbons (Freons). Anhydrous ammonia is widely used in industrial ...
Design for the Environment
Class II substances consist of 33 different hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The EPA has already begun plans to decrease ... This regulation aims to decrease emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other chemicals that are destroying the ...
Foaming agent
Carbon dioxide, pentane, and chlorofluorocarbons are examples of the former. Blowing agents that produce gas via chemical ...
North Atlantic Deep Water
"Tracing the flow of North Atlantic Deep Water using chlorofluorocarbons." Journal of Geophysical Research 105.C6 (2000):14297- ... and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs are anthropogenic substances that enter the surface of the ocean from gas exchange with ...
Chlorofluorocarbons - Factbites
PRODUCT MATRIX - Chlorofluorocarbons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07). Chlorofluorocarbons are highly volatile ... FDA Consumer: Chlorofluorocarbons and the incredible shrinking ozone. Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, have been at the center of ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are haloalkanes with both chlorine and fluorine. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) were developed by the ... Chlorofluorocarbons, fully halogenated (EHC 113, 1990). Throughout this monograph, percentages of chlorofluorocarbons in air ...
chlorofluorocarbons facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about chlorofluorocarbons
Make research projects and school reports about chlorofluorocarbons easy with credible articles from our FREE, online ... Chlorofluorocarbons Encyclopedia of Public Health COPYRIGHT 2002 The Gale Group Inc.. CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS. Chlorofluorocarbons ... Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC). A chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) is an organic compound typically consisting of chlorine, fluorine, carbon ... chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Chemical compound in which hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon, such as an alkane, are replaced by atoms ...
Chlorofluorocarbon - Wikipedia
... chlorofluorocarbon-11 and chlorofluorocarbon-12 in seawater". Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 55 (8): ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formulae CClmF4−m and C2ClmF6−m, ... Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formula CClmFnH4−m−n and ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are anthropogenic compounds that have been released into the atmosphere since the 1930s in various ...
Chlorofluorocarbons in the environment : the aerosol controversy (Book, 1980) [WorldCat.org]
Chlorofluorocarbons in the environment : the aerosol controversy. [T M Sugden; T F West; Society of Chemical Industry (Great ... Chlorofluorocarbons in the environment : the aerosol controversy. Author:. T M Sugden; T F West; Society of Chemical Industry ( ... schema:name "Chlorofluorocarbons in the environment : the aerosol controversy"@en ;. schema:productID "7737942" ;. schema: ... Chlorofluorocarbons in the environment.. Chichester, Eng. : Ellis Horwood for the Society of Chemical Industry ; New York : ...
CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
Make research projects and school reports about CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) easy with credible articles from our FREE, online ... CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once described as "miracle chemicals," cause the breakdown of the ozone ... CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) Pollution A to Z COPYRIGHT 2004 The Gale Group Inc. ... "CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)." Pollution A to Z. . Encyclopedia.com. 17 Feb. 2018 ,http://www.encyclopedia.com,. ...
Protection against depletion of stratospheric ozone by chlorofluorocarbons: : 9780309029476: Powell's Books
Preventing Death from Excessive Exposure to Chlorofluorocarbon 113 (CFC-113) | NIOSH | CDC
... or other chlorofluorocarbons in confined spaces may cause death by cardiac arrhythmia or asphyxiation. ... WARNING! Working with chlorofluorocarbon 113 (CFC-113) or other chlorofluorocarbons in confined spaces may cause death by ... EPA [1983]. Health assessment document for 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2- trifluoromethane (chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113), final report. ... Preventing Death from Excessive Exposure to Chlorofluorocarbon 113(CFC-113). ...
Drug Treatments for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease that Do Not Use Chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorofluorocarbons
Summary Report | CureHunter
Chlorofluorocarbons: A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, ... Chlorofluorocarbons. Subscribe to New Research on Chlorofluorocarbons A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and ... 06/01/1995 - "Metered dose inhalers for the treatment of asthma use chlorofluorocarbons as propellants. ". 12/01/1998 - "The ... 09/01/2005 - "This expansion has been driven by the Montreal protocol and the need to eliminate chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) from ...
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) | Blausen Medical
FDA to complete phase-out of chlorofluorocarbon inhalers | FiercePharma
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.com
Organic Halide - Organofluorides, Organochlorides, Chlorofluorocarbons, Organobromides, Organoiodides - Atom, Carbon, Reactive,...
6632908 9 Endangered Ecosystem | Chlorofluorocarbon | Greenhouse Effect
DK0588897T3 - Aerosol formulations which are substantially free of chlorofluorocarbons - Google Patents
Non-chlorofluorocarbon aerosol formulations DE69231991D1 (en) * 1991-06-10. 2001-09-13. Schering Corp. Chlorofluorocarbons ... Non-chlorofluorocarbon aerosol formulations US5314682A (en) * 1992-09-21. 1994-05-24. Great Lakes Chemical Corp.. Ozone ... Chlorofluorocarbon-free mometasone furoate aerosol formulations US6068832A (en) * 1996-08-29. 2000-05-30. Schering Corporation ... Chlorofluorocarbon-free mometasone furoate aerosol formulations US6039932A (en) * 1996-09-27. 2000-03-21. 3M Innovative ...
Tox Town - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - Toxic chemicals and environmental health risks where you live and work - Text Version
p>Chlorofluorocarbons have been banned since 1996 because they destroy the ozone layer. From the U.S. National Library of ... What are chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a group of manufactured chemical compounds that contain ... Chlorofluorocarbons have been banned since 1996 because they destroy the ozone layer. ... Chlorofluorocarbons. Haz-Map (National Library of Medicine) How to Keep Your Cool and Protect the Ozone Layer (Environmental ...
On January 23, 1978, Sweden became the first country to ban the use of aerosol sprays which use chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as...
Chlorofluorocarbons | definition of chlorofluorocarbons by Medical dictionary
What is chlorofluorocarbons? Meaning of chlorofluorocarbons medical term. What does chlorofluorocarbons mean? ... Looking for online definition of chlorofluorocarbons in the Medical Dictionary? chlorofluorocarbons explanation free. ... chlorofluorocarbons. Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Financial, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. chlorofluorocarbons. A range of ... Group I (chlorofluorocarbons 11, 12, 113, 114 and 115) for essential medical use: 155,460 kg weighted according to the ozone- ...
Age dating of shallow groundwater with chlorofluorocarbons, tritium/helium: 3, and flow path analysis, southern New Jersey...
... chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium/helium 3 (3H/3He)) and groundwater flow path analysis is useful for investigating ... Groundwater age dating through the combination of transient tracer methods (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium/helium 3 (3H ... Age dating of shallow groundwater with chlorofluorocarbons, tritium/helium: 3, and flow path analysis, southern New Jersey ... Age dating of shallow groundwater with chlorofluorocarbons, tritium/helium: 3, and flow path analysis, southern New Jersey ...
Metabolism of chlorofluorocarbons and polybrominated compounds by Pseudomonas putida G786(pHG-2) via an engineered metabolic...
Metabolism of chlorofluorocarbons and polybrominated compounds by Pseudomonas putida G786(pHG-2) via an engineered metabolic ... Metabolism of chlorofluorocarbons and polybrominated compounds by Pseudomonas putida G786(pHG-2) via an engineered metabolic ... Metabolism of chlorofluorocarbons and polybrominated compounds by Pseudomonas putida G786(pHG-2) via an engineered metabolic ... Metabolism of chlorofluorocarbons and polybrominated compounds by Pseudomonas putida G786(pHG-2) via an engineered metabolic ...
ACP - Abstract - Chlorine isotope composition in chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 in firn, stratospheric and...
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are man-made compounds which act to destroy this barrier. This paper presents (1) the first ... Chlorine isotope composition in chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 in firn, stratospheric and tropospheric air S. J ... Abstract. The stratospheric degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) releases chlorine, which is a major contributor to the ... Chlorine isotope composition in chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12 and CFC-113 in firn, stratospheric and tropospheric air, ...
Comparative effects of hydrofluoroalkane and chlorofluorocarbon beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation on small airways:...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON A DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR USING LPG AS A REFRIGARANT | Chlorofluorocarbon | Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Aspects of implementing a reduction in chlorofluorocarbon usage in aerosols. Final report, June 1980 - Archive of European...
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC113), nutrients, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and other measurements...
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC113), nutrients, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and other measurements ... title: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC113), nutrients, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and other measurements ... 2019). Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC113), nutrients, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and other measurements ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC113), nutrients, dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity and other measurements ...
Chlorofluorocarbons | Profiles RNS
"Chlorofluorocarbons" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chlorofluorocarbons" by people in this website by year, and ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Chlorofluorocarbons" by people in Profiles. ... whether "Chlorofluorocarbons" was a major or minor topic of these publications. To see the data from this visualization as text ...
Volatile organic compound - Wikipedia
Toxic Chemistry: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), Health & Environment
Chlorofluorocarbons are a family of halocarbons that contain only carbon, chlorine & fluorine. Used in blowing plastics & ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC). What are Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)?. Chlorofluorocarbons are a family of halocarbons that contain ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formulae CClmF4-m and C2ClmF6-m, ... Notoriously chlorofluorocarbons were also widely used as aerosol propellants, cleansing agents for electrical and electronic ...
Global and Japan Triamcinolone Ointment Chlorofluorocarbons Market
... and Japan Triamcinolone Ointment Chlorofluorocarbons Market cost, and Japan Triamcinolone Ointment Chlorofluorocarbons Market ... and Japan Triamcinolone Ointment Chlorofluorocarbons Market Size, and Japan Triamcinolone Ointment Chlorofluorocarbons Market ... and Japan Triamcinolone Ointment Chlorofluorocarbons Market trends, and Japan Triamcinolone Ointment Chlorofluorocarbons Market ... and Japan Triamcinolone Ointment Chlorofluorocarbons Market Growth, and Japan Triamcinolone Ointment Chlorofluorocarbons Market ...
Ozone18
- There is concern that halons are being broken down in the atmosphere to bromine, which reacts with ozone, leading to depletion of the ozone layer (this is similar to the case of chlorofluorocarbons such as freon ). (factbites.com)
- Release of chlorofluorocarbons into the global environment during use, disposal of wastes, transport, and storage are an increasing concern because of the potential impact such uncontrolled releases may have on the future health of mankind, mainly through the depletion of stratospheric ozone. (factbites.com)
- Chlorofluorocarbons and the depletion of stratospheric ozone. (factbites.com)
- Chlorofluorocarbons are implicated in two major threats to the global environment: the greenhouse effect and the reduction of the ozone layer . (factbites.com)
- As the chlorofluorocarbons break down, they release a chlorine atom which is capable of destroying tens of thousands of ozone molecules before being washed out of the atmosphere. (factbites.com)
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once described as "miracle chemicals," cause the breakdown of the ozone layer that protects the earth from the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (encyclopedia.com)
- Chlorofluorocarbons have been banned since 1996 because they destroy the ozone layer. (nih.gov)
- When it became known that chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons in refrigerants were contributing to depletion of the earth's protective ozone layer, NIST began a program (funded by the Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Office of Building Technologies) to measure the properties of their replacements. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The stratospheric degradation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) releases chlorine, which is a major contributor to the destruction of stratospheric ozone (O 3 ). (atmos-chem-phys.net)
- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has undertaken a major effort to study the potential effects of emitting chlorofluorocarbons and related potential ozone-depleting substances (PODs) into the atmosphere. (rand.org)
- That blend would provide the beneficial green benefits of reduction of soot (SMOG), ground-level ozone and chlorofluorocarbons, and not add a potentially deadly ether compound back into the environment. (equities.com)
- It appears to be clearly established that one factor responsible for the decrease of the ozone layer in the stratosphere is chlorofluorocarbons The reason for this is that liberated CFCs tend to percolate slowly up to the stratosphere, where they decompose by photodissociation releasing monoatomic chlorine. (allindianpatents.com)
- Scientists discovered in the 1970s that chlorofluorocarbons such as Freon were hurting Earth's ozone layer. (sciencenews.org)
- The greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane (CH 4 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), ozone (O 3 ), and water vapor. (nap.edu)
- BACKGROUND: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are used increasingly in industry as substitutes for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (uclouvain.be)
- Volatile chlorofluorocarbons are believed to cause depletion of the atmospheric ozone layer. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Chapter 5 Vocabulary air pollution emissions photochemical smog ozone acid rain ozone layer chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) greenhouse effect global warming. (slideplayer.com)
- Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs deplete Earth's ozone layer. (ehow.com)
Freon5
- The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) requests assistance in reducing the risk of death from cardiac arrhythmia and asphyxiation in workers exposed to 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (more commonly known as CFC-113 or by a trade name such as Freon 113 ® , Genetron 113 ® , Halocarbon 113 ® , or Refrigerant 113 ® ) or to other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (cdc.gov)
- Among the most important of these are chlorofluorocarbons, or freons, for example, Freon 12. (blausen.com)
- Eugine Whint 7/12/2005 Chemistry 5G Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (also known as Freon) are non-toxic, non-flammable and non-carcinogenic. (markedbyteachers.com)
- Likewise, Radiological Health), was summarized by although chlorofluorocarbons (Freon) were environmental media (such as surface water, used in significant quantities at each of the sediment, air, drinking water, groundwater, ORR facilities, they were judged unlikely to and food items). (cdc.gov)
- Attorney General Janet Reno also vowed that the Clinton administration will expand a crackdown on illegal imports of the chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs , including the type commonly known by the brand name Freon. (thefreedictionary.com)
Compounds8
- Chlorofluorocarbons are compounds, similar to hydrocarbons, in which most, or all, of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by various combinations of fluorine and chlorine atoms. (factbites.com)
- Chlorofluorocarbons are highly volatile compounds, contributing to air pollution. (factbites.com)
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formulae CClmF4−m and C2ClmF6−m, where m is nonzero. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formula CClmFnH4−m−n and C2ClxFyH6−x−y, where m, n, x, and y are nonzero. (wikipedia.org)
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a group of manufactured chemical compounds that contain chlorine, fluorine, and carbon. (nih.gov)
- Metabolism of chlorofluorocarbons and polybrominated compounds by Pseudomonas putida G786(pHG-2) via an engineered metabolic pathway. (asm.org)
- The present study investigated metabolism of brominated and chlorofluorocarbon compounds by the recombinant strain. (asm.org)
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are man-made compounds which act to destroy this barrier. (atmos-chem-phys.net)
Methane2
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC's) are fully or partly halogenated paraffin hydrocarbons that contain only carbon (C), hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and fluorine (F), produced as volatile derivative of methane, ethane, and propane. (wikipedia.org)
- On a global scale, man-made (anthropogenic) greenhouse gases, such as chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerants, methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide, are implicated in global warming and climate change. (informit.com)
Refrigerant3
- The heater uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant instead of chlorofluorocarbons , which are commonly used in such devises. (thefreedictionary.com)
- A CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) refrigerant is a colorless, odorless gas that contains chlorine, fluorine and carbon. (ehow.com)
- Known in the automobile industry as R-12 (Refrigerant-12), this chlorofluorocarbon was used extensively in automobile air conditioning systems prior to 1994. (ehow.com)
Aerosols3
- Aspects of implementing a reduction in chlorofluorocarbon usage in aerosols. (pitt.edu)
- Cutting down trees increases carbon dioxide levels Chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs, have been used in aerosols, such as hairspray cans, fridges and in making foam plastics. (slideplayer.com)
- Since then, concern over the chlorofluorocarbon propellants recommended for aerosols to be used for disinsection of aircraft has led to a reconsideration of their use. (who.int)
Cfcs-chlorofluorocarbons1
- CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) produced in the 1920s were seen as ideal refrigerants because they did not have any of the previously described characteristics. (packerintersections.com)
Carbon4
- Chlorofluorocarbons are a group of chemicals discovered around 1930 that contain varying numbers of chlorine , fluorine, carbon and, sometimes, bromine atoms. (factbites.com)
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are a class of chemicals that contain only atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. (encyclopedia.com)
- Some of them are afforestation, selective deforestation, reduced release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases by cutting down our use of chlorofluorocarbons , using catalytic converters in our cars and minimizing the combustion of fossil fuels that is actually shifting to renewable energy resources from non-renewable ones which is important to balance the ecosystem. (thefreedictionary.com)
- In addition to chlorine, fluorine and carbon, hydro-chlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) contains hydrogen. (ehow.com)
Propellants6
- Of the 682 million kilograms of chlorofluorocarbons consumed globally during 1991, the DuPont Corporation estimates the use for various applications as follows: 32 percent for refrigerants , 28 percent for blowing agents, 20 percent for cleaning agents, and 18 percent for propellants. (factbites.com)
- Sweden and Norway have banned the use of chlorofluorocarbons as aerosol propellants. (factbites.com)
- Canada's ban on chlorofluorocarbon propellants will be effective this May. (factbites.com)
- Since the banning of the chlorofluorocarbons once used as propellants in the aerosol cans that dispense anything from shaving cream to deodorant, manufacturers have switched to natural gases like butane and propane. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Notoriously chlorofluorocarbons were also widely used as aerosol propellants, cleansing agents for electrical and electronic components, and blowing agents in plastic insulation. (greenspec.co.uk)
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been used in the past as both refrigerants and aerosol propellants. (mapleridge.ca)
HCFCs1
- These contain gases such as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and HCFCs, used for the coolant and insulation. (thefreedictionary.com)
Chlorine and fluorine1
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are haloalkanes with both chlorine and fluorine. (factbites.com)
Chemistry2
- Liam S. ('18) wrote this piece for his Organic Chemistry class where they studied the environmental impacts of chlorofluorocarbons. (packerintersections.com)
- s:9:\"\u0000*\u0000aucorp\";s:0:\"\";s:7:\"\u0000*\u0000isbn\";s:0:\"\";s:8:\"\u0000*\u0000coden\";s:0:\"\";s:8:\"\u0000*\u0000genre\";s:7:\"article\";s:7:\"\u0000*\u0000part\";s:0:\"\";s:9:\"\u0000*\u0000btitle\";s:94:\"In Memoriam: Professor Tetsuro Seiyama: Structure-Function Relationship in Catalytic Chemistry\";s:8:\"\u0000*\u0000title\";s:142:\"Decomposition of chlorofluorocarbons over metal phosphate catalysis. (inist.fr)
Propellant1
- This product does not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as the propellant. (nih.gov)
Hydrofluoroalkane2
- Equivalence of hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) formulations of inhaled beclomethasone. (ox.ac.uk)
- To assess the long-term safety of hydrofluoroalkane 134a (HFA)-beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) extrafine aerosol administered by the Autohaler compared with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-BDP administered by a press-and-breathe metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) and spacer (+S) in the treatment of children with asthma. (aappublications.org)
Inhalers1
- Many inhalers that do not use chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are already available for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (fda.gov)
Inhaler2
- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration will complete its phase-out of all inhaler medical products containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by Dec. 31, 2013. (fiercepharma.com)
- The FDA finished its phase-out of all inhaler medical products containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on December 31, 2013. (lww.com)
Tracer1
- Groundwater age dating through the combination of transient tracer methods (chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and tritium/helium 3 ( 3 H/ 3 He)) and groundwater flow path analysis is useful for investigating groundwater travel times, flow patterns, and recharge rates, as demonstrated by this study of the homogeneous shallow, unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the southern New Jersey coastal plain. (usgs.gov)
Contain chlorine1
- fluorocarbons that contain chlorine are called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (cdc.gov)
Groundwater1
- Development of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) technique as a tool for dating groundwater has occurred over the past 20 years, and a number of research publications have documented its use in specific aquifers. (environmental-expert.com)
Earth's1
- In combination with effects predicted to occur as a result of increased combustion of fossil fuels, continued release of chlorofluorocarbons at current levels could also contribute to a potentially dangerous warming of the earth's atmosphere, altering climate and possible even partially melting the polar icecaps. (factbites.com)
Tracers1
- The bomb contributions from the latter two are called transient tracers, as are the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), because they have been in the atmosphere for only a short time. (waterencyclopedia.com)
Environmental1
- Chlorofluorocarbons , or CFCs, have been at the center of an intense debate for nearly 15 years over scientific uncertainties and the conflict between environmental protection and economic interests. (factbites.com)
Harmful1
- However, due to the harmful effects, hydro-chlorofluorocarbons are also in the process of being completely phased out. (ehow.com)
1920s1
- The invention of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the late 1920s and early 1930s stemmed from the call for safer alternatives to the sulfur dioxide and ammonia refrigerants used at the time. (factbites.com)
1970s1
- The original debate over chlorofluorocarbons was set off in the early 1970s by chemists F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina , both then with the University of California at Irvine. (factbites.com)
Toxic1
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) were developed by the American engineer Thomas Midgley in 1928 as a replacement for ammonia (NH chloromethane (CH Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO), toxic but in common use at the time as refrigerants . (factbites.com)
Alternatives2
- into four parts: price benefits, reduction of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), oxygenate replacement and green fuel alternatives. (equities.com)
- Alternatives to chlorofluorocarbons. (bmj.com)
Invention3
- ABSTRACT PROCESS FOR THE HYDROGENOLYSIS OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS AND OF CHLOROFLUOROHYDROCARBONS The invention relates to the gas-phase hydrogenolysis of chlorofluorocarbons or of chlorofluorohydrocarbons in the presence of a palladixim based catalyst deposited on a support. (allindianpatents.com)
- The present invention relates to a process for the gas-phase hydrogenolysis chlorofluorocarbons or of chlorofluorohydrocarbons. (allindianpatents.com)
- According to the invention there is provided a process for the gas-phase hydrogenolysis of chlorofluorocarbons or of chlorofluorohydrocarbons in the presence of a palladium-based catalyst on a support, wherein sulphur is incorporated into the catalyst. (allindianpatents.com)
Permits1
- Allocating Chlorofluorocarbon Permits: Who Gains, Who Loses, and What Is the Cost? (rand.org)
Regulations1
- Chlorofluorocarbon effects and regulations: hearing before the Subcommittee on the Upper Atmosphere of the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, second session, December 15, 1976. (factbites.com)
Products1
- Association are well on course to meet the objective of eliminating the non-essential use of chlorofluorocarbons in their products by the end of this year. (parliament.uk)