Chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane
Aerosol Propellants
Compressed gases or vapors in a container which, upon release of pressure and expansion through a valve, carry another substance from the container. They are used for cosmetics, household cleaners, and so on. Examples are BUTANES; CARBON DIOXIDE; FLUOROCARBONS; NITROGEN; and PROPANE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Chlorofluorocarbons, Ethane
Structural consequences of anesthetic and nonimmobilizer interaction with gramicidin A channels. (1/62)
Although interactions of general anesthetics with soluble proteins have been studied, the specific interactions with membrane bound-proteins that characterize general anesthesia are largely unknown. The structural modulations of anesthetic interactions with synaptic ion channels have not been elucidated. Using gramicidin A as a simplified model for transmembrane ion channels, we have recently demonstrated that a pair of structurally similar volatile anesthetic and nonimmobilizer, 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (F3) and 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), respectively, have distinctly different effects on the channel function. Using high-resolution NMR structural analysis, we show here that neither F3 nor F6 at pharmacologically relevant concentrations can significantly affect the secondary structure of the gramicidin A channel. Although both the anesthetic F3 and the nonimmobilizer F6 can perturb residues at the middle section of the channel deep inside the hydrophobic region in the sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, only F3, but not F6, can significantly alter the chemical shifts of the tryptophan indole N-H protons near the channel entrances. The results are consistent with the notion that anesthetics cause functional change of the channel by interacting with the amphipathic domains at the peptide-lipid-water interface. (+info)Distinctly different interactions of anesthetic and nonimmobilizer with transmembrane channel peptides. (2/62)
Although it plays no clinical role in general anesthesia, gramicidin A, a transmembrane channel peptide, provides an excellent model for studying the specific interaction between volatile anesthetics and membrane proteins at the molecular level. We show here that a pair of structurally similar volatile anesthetic and nonimmobilizer (nonanesthetic), 1-chloro-1,2,2-trifluorocyclobutane (F3) and 1, 2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6), respectively, interacts differently with the transmembrane peptide. With 400 microM gramicidin A in a vesicle suspension of 60 mM phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylglycerol (PC/PG), the intermolecular cross-relaxation rate constants between (19)F of F3 and (1)H in the chemical shift regions for the indole and backbone amide protons were 0.0106 +/- 0.0007 (n = 12) and 0.0105 +/- 0.0014 (n = 8) s(-1), respectively. No cross-relaxation was measurable between (19)F of F6 and protons in these regions. Sodium transport study showed that with 75 microM gramicidin A in a vesicle suspension of 66 mM PC/PG, F3 increased the (23)Na apparent efflux rate constant from 149.7 +/- 7.2 of control (n = 3) to 191.7 +/- 12.2 s(-1) (n = 3), and the apparent influx rate constant from 182.1 +/- 15.4 to 222.8 +/- 21.7 s(-1) (n = 3). In contrast, F6 had no effects on either influx or efflux rate. It is concluded that the ability of general anesthetics to interact with amphipathic residues near the peptide-lipid-water interface and the inability of nonimmobilizer to do the same may represent some characteristics of anesthetic-protein interaction that are of importance to general anesthesia. (+info)Challenges in changing to non-chlorofluorocarbon inhalers in the treatment of asthma. (3/62)
The chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based metered dose inhaler, which has been the mainstay of the management of obstructive lung diseases, will soon be phased out world wide and replaced by CFC-free devices. Patients will have to be changed to the devices in a co-ordinated manner to avoid any risk to their health and safety. The different shapes and aerosol delivery characteristics of the new inhalers, as well as their distinctive taste, could add to the levels of poor drug use already experienced in asthma. From previous change scenarios in disease management, the potential for unstable asthma control is a real possibility with all the attendant costs. By using the time available before CFC-based inhalers are withdrawn, there is an opportunity to enhance asthma management during this period of change. (+info)Review of therapeutically equivalent alternatives to short acting beta(2) adrenoceptor agonists delivered via chlorofluorocarbon-containing inhalers. (4/62)
BACKGROUND: To study the transition from metered dose inhalers using chlorofluorocarbons as propellants (CFC-MDIs) to non-CFC containing devices, a systematic review was conducted of clinical trials which compared the delivery of salbutamol and terbutaline via CFC-MDIs and non-CFC devices. METHODS: Papers were selected by searching electronic databases (Medline, Cochrane, and BIDS) and further information and studies were sought from pharmaceutical companies. The studies were assessed for their methodological quality. RESULTS: Fifty three relevant trials were identified. Most were scientifically flawed in terms of study design, comparison of inappropriate doses, and insufficient power for the determination of therapeutic equivalence. Differences between inhaler devices were categorised according to efficacy and potency. Most trials claimed to show therapeutic equivalence, usually for the same doses from the different devices. Two commercially available salbutamol metered dose inhalers using a novel hydrofluorocarbon HFC-134a as propellant were equally as potent and efficacious as conventional CFC-MDIs, as were the Rotahaler and Clickhaler dry powder inhalers (DPIs). Evidence suggests that a dose of 200 microg salbutamol via CFC-MDI may be substituted with 200 microg and 400 microg of salbutamol via Accuhaler and Diskhaler DPIs, respectively. Terbutaline delivered via a Turbohaler DPI is equally as potent and efficacious as terbutaline delivered via a conventional CFC-MDI. CONCLUSIONS: When substituting non-CFC containing inhalers for CFC-MDIs, attention must be given to differences in inhaler characteristics which may result in variations in pulmonary function. (+info)Pharmacokinetics of chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate. (5/62)
AIMS: To compare the pharmacokinetic profile of Beclazone (beclomethasone dipropionate) in its chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based and CFC-free formulations. METHODS: Ten healthy adults received a single 1,000 microg nominal dose (ex-valve) of beclomethasone dipropionate from a CFC inhaler (BEC-CFC) or from a CFC-free inhaler containing hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-134a (BEC-HFA) in an open-label, randomized, two-way, crossover study. Blood samples were collected predose and over 12 h after inhalation. Comparisons were made of maximum plasma concentration of beclomethasone 17-monopropionate (17-BMP) (Cmax), and area under the plasma concentration vs time curve (AUC). RESULTS: The tmax was significantly (P<0.05) earlier with BEC-HFA and plasma levels were significantly higher following administration of BEC-HFA than BEC-CFC. Geometric mean values for AUC were 1.5 fold greater (90% CI 1.3-1.9) and for Cmax were 1.9 fold greater (90% CI 1.6-2.6) following BEC-HFA than BEC-CFC. CONCLUSIONS: Our data in healthy volunteers would not be consistent with the manufacturers' recommendation for a microgram equivalent (1:1) nominal dose switch between these HFA and CFC formulations. Further well designed trials are required in asthmatic patients to properly define their respective dose-response relationships for antiasthmatic and systemic adverse effects. (+info)Global warming in the twenty-first century: an alternative scenario. (6/62)
A common view is that the current global warming rate will continue or accelerate. But we argue that rapid warming in recent decades has been driven mainly by non-CO(2) greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as chlorofluorocarbons, CH(4), and N(2)O, not by the products of fossil fuel burning, CO(2) and aerosols, the positive and negative climate forcings of which are partially offsetting. The growth rate of non-CO(2) GHGs has declined in the past decade. If sources of CH(4) and O(3) precursors were reduced in the future, the change in climate forcing by non-CO(2) GHGs in the next 50 years could be near zero. Combined with a reduction of black carbon emissions and plausible success in slowing CO(2) emissions, this reduction of non-CO(2) GHGs could lead to a decline in the rate of global warming, reducing the danger of dramatic climate change. Such a focus on air pollution has practical benefits that unite the interests of developed and developing countries. However, assessment of ongoing and future climate change requires composition-specific long-term global monitoring of aerosol properties. (+info)Factors affecting the efficiency of aerosol therapy with pressurised metered-dose inhalers through plastic spacers. (7/62)
AIM: The main objective of this study was to compare the in vitro delivery of salbutamol from a chlorofluorocarbon(CFC)-propelled pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) versus a newly developed hydrofluoroalkane(HFA)-propelled pMDI through various spacers. In addition, we aimed to study the effect on bronchodilator response when using an optimal pMDI/spacer combination for aerosol delivery compared to a suboptimal combination. METHODS: Particle size distribution and output from salbutamol pMDIs containing either CFC propellants (Ventolin) or HFA propellants (Airomir) were measured using a multistage liquid impinger (MSLI) and compared to that through both detergent-coated (non-static) or untreated (static) large volume (Nebuhaler, Volumatic) and small volume (Aerochamber) plastic spacers. Flow-volume curves (FEV1) were obtained from twelve asthmatic children with known significant bronchodilator response (8 males), aged 13-17 years, randomly inhaling salbutamol from a CFC-pMDI through a static spacer (Nebuhaler) and from an HFA-pMDI through a non-static spacer (Nebuhaler). RESULTS: In vitro output of particles in the respirable range (< 6.8 microns) from HFA-pMDIs was significantly higher than that from CFC-pMDIs using various spacers. Removal of electrostatic charge increased output from CFC- and HFA-pMDIs through all spacers by 17-82%. The mean (SD) bronchodilator response after inhalation of salbutamol from a CFC-pMDI through a static spacer was 7.1% (6.3%) compared to 17.5% (7.9%) after inhalation from an HFA-pMDI through a non-static spacer (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Use of a newly developed HFA-propelled pMDI greatly improves drug delivery through spacers compared to a CFC-propelled pMDI. However, electrostatic charge in plastic spacers remains the key determinant limiting delivery of salbutamol from a pMDI through spacers, and can be reduced by soaking the spacer in a household detergent. Using an optimal pMDI/spacer combination leads to a significantly improved bronchodilator response. (+info)Moving from CFC aerosol to HFA aerosol or dry powder inhalers: what do patients think? (8/62)
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Environmentally friendly hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) pressurised metered-dose inhalers are currently being marketed to replace chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-driven devices. It is uncertain whether these new formulations with different properties are acceptable to patients. Similarly, switching a patient to a dry powder inhaler (DPI) carries the risk of non-acceptance. METHODS: One hundred patients with obstructive airway disease on regular CFC aerosol inhaler medication underwent a standardised, structured interview. During the interview patients were asked to use a new HFA aerosol inhaler and three DPIs in random order. Patients' notions were recorded. RESULTS: Most patients (96) agreed to change from their CFC to the HFA inhaler, of those, only 12 did so with some reservation. Properties (taste, user-friendliness, design) of the HFA inhaler were rated favourably. DPIs represented an acceptable alternative to aerosol inhalers. In fact, 57 patients preferred a DPI over the HFA inhaler. Not all powder devices were equally acceptable. Replacing the CFC inhaler with patients' preferred alternative devices resulted in a more than 3-fold increase in costs. CONCLUSION: Concerns about the acceptability of reformulated CFC-free aerosol inhalers are ill founded. However, if given the choice, many patients prefer a DPI over the HFA inhaler. The transition offers an opportunity to review patients' current treatment and the proficiency of their inhaling technique. Moving to CFC-free inhalers will have revenue implications. (+info)
Chlorofluorocarbon
... chlorofluorocarbon-11 and chlorofluorocarbon-12 in seawater". Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers. 55 (8): ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formulae CClmF4−m and C2ClmF6−m, ... Hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs): when derived from methane and ethane these compounds have the formula CClmFnH4−m−n and ... Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are anthropogenic compounds that have been released into the atmosphere since the 1930s in various ...
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
CFC-113 is a very unreactive chlorofluorocarbon. It remains in the atmosphere about 90 years, sufficiently long that it will ... 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, also called trichlorotrifluoroethane or CFC-113, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It has the ... ". "Chlorofluorocarbons". Columbia Encyclopedia. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28. Zumdahl, Steven (1995). Chemical Principles. ...
List of environmental issues
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) • Cyanide • DDT • Endocrine disruptors • Explosives • Environmental impact of the coal industry • ...
Thermoelectric cooling
Prior to their phaseout some early refrigerants, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), contributed significantly to ozone ... University of California (April 18, 2017). "Chlorofluorocarbons and Ozone Depletion". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 2019 ...
National Historic Chemical Landmarks
"Chlorofluorocarbons and Ozone Depletion". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 4 June 2018. "Plutonium-238 Production for Space ... on The Vitamin B Complex The discovery of Ivermectin Infrared Spectrometer and the Exploration of Mars Chlorofluorocarbons and ...
Radiative forcing
These data show that CO2 dominates the total forcing, with methane and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) becoming relatively smaller ... chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 12 and 11; and fifteen other halogenated gases. These data do not include the significant forcing ...
Environmental impact of cleaning products
"Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Your Environment, Your Health , National Library of Medicine". Tox Town. Retrieved 2020-03-09. ... Almost always, this propellant gas is called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs have been proven to damage the ozone layer and ...
Fluoroantimonic acid
Materials compatible with fluoroantimonic acid as a solvent include SO2ClF, and sulfur dioxide; some chlorofluorocarbons have ...
Carbon cycle
Chlorofluorocarbons also cause stratospheric ozone depletion. International efforts are ongoing under the Montreal Protocol and ... Nevertheless, the buildup of relatively small concentrations (parts per trillion) of chlorofluorocarbon, hydrofluorocarbon, and ...
Vehicle emissions control
... for example chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and formaldehyde. Carbon monoxide (CO) - A product of incomplete combustion, inhaled ...
List of climate engineering topics
Stix, T.H. (1993). "Removal of chlorofluorocarbons from the troposphere". International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). ...
Fluorine compounds
As with fluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and bromofluorocarbons are not flammable: they do not have carbon-hydrogen bonds to ... Substituting other halogens in combination with fluorine gives rise to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) or bromofluorocarbons (BFCs) ... "Potentially acceptable substitutes for the chlorofluorocarbons". International Journal of Thermophysics. 10 (3): 553-561. ...
Veerabhadran Ramanathan
Ramanathan, V. (1975). "Greenhouse Effect Due to Chlorofluorocarbons: Climatic Implications". Science. 190 (4209): 50-51. ...
Infrared window
These include the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydrofluororcarbons (HFC and HCFCs). As discussed below, a major reason that ... Ramanathan, Veerabhadran; 'Greenhouse Effect Due to Chlorofluorocarbons: Climatic Implications'; Science, vol. 190, no. 4209 ( ... one year after Roland and Molina's much-more-celebrated paper on the ability of chlorofluorocarbons to destroy stratospheric ...
Ozone depletion potential
Chlorofluorocarbons have ODPs roughly equal to 1. Brominated substances have usually higher ODPs in range 5-15, because of the ... Ozone-Depletion and Chlorine-Loading Potential of Chlorofluorocarbon Alternatives Hurwitz, Margaret M.; Fleming, Eric L.; ...
Technoscience
CFCs that deplete the ozone layer are chlorofluorocarbons. Industry actually manufactured the chemicals and consumers purchased ...
Fluorochemical industry
Traditionally chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were the predominant fluorinated organic chemical. CFCs are identified by a system of ... Even though chlorofluorocarbons are widely banned, the replacement refrigerants are often other fluorinated molecules. ...
Sterilization (microbiology)
... diluents include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and carbon dioxide. Ethylene oxide is still ...
Global distillation
Exceptions include highly volatile, persistent substances such as chlorofluorocarbons. Stockholm Convention "Ridding the world ...
Timeline of history of environmentalism
develops chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) as a non-toxic refrigerant. The first warnings of damage to stratospheric ozone were ... 1974 - Chlorofluorocarbons are first hypothesized to cause ozone thinning. - National Reserves Management Act. - World human ...
Mario Molina
He later earned the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering how chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer. Dr. Molina is a ... "Chlorofluorocarbons and Ozone Depletion: A National Historic Chemical Landmark". International Historic Chemical Landmarks. ... This study soon led to research into chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), apparently harmless gases that were used in refrigerants, ... of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in discovering the threat to the Earth's ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbon ...
Design for the Environment
Class II substances consist of 33 different hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). The EPA has already begun plans to decrease ... This regulation aims to decrease emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other chemicals that are destroying the ...
Radical (chemistry)
1.4, respectively). In the upper atmosphere, the photodissociation of normally unreactive chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) by solar ... the use of chlorofluorocarbons as refrigerants has been restricted. Radicals play important roles in biology. Many of these are ...
Foaming agent
Carbon dioxide, pentane, and chlorofluorocarbons are examples of the former. Blowing agents that produce gas via chemical ...
North Atlantic Deep Water
"Tracing the flow of North Atlantic Deep Water using chlorofluorocarbons." Journal of Geophysical Research 105.C6 (2000):14297- ... and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs are anthropogenic substances that enter the surface of the ocean from gas exchange with ...
PhostrEx
Halons are chlorofluorocarbons which cause damage to the ozone layer. It is being phased out for environmentally friendlier ...
Epistemic community (international relations)
Epistemic communities brought attention to chlorofluorocarbons and their polluting consequences. This realization led to the ...
Atlantic Ocean
"Tracing the flow of North Atlantic Deep Water using chlorofluorocarbons". Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans. 105 (C6): ...
Inhaler
In 2009, the FDA banned the use of inhalers that use chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) as propellants. In their place, inhalers now use ... Hendeles L, Colice GL, Meyer RJ (March 2007). "Withdrawal of albuterol inhalers containing chlorofluorocarbon propellants". N. ...
Photogeochemistry
Tanaka, K; Hisanaga, T (1994). "Photodegradation of chlorofluorocarbon alternatives on metal oxide". Solar Energy. 52 (5): 447- ...
Preventing Death from Excessive Exposure to Chlorofluorocarbon 113 (CFC-113) | NIOSH | CDC
... or other chlorofluorocarbons in confined spaces may cause death by cardiac arrhythmia or asphyxiation. ... WARNING! Working with chlorofluorocarbon 113 (CFC-113) or other chlorofluorocarbons in confined spaces may cause death by ... EPA [1983]. Health assessment document for 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2- trifluoromethane (chlorofluorocarbon CFC-113), final report. ... Preventing Death from Excessive Exposure to Chlorofluorocarbon 113(CFC-113). ...
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Chlorofluorocarbon plastic - CAMEO
Pharmacokinetics of chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate -...
Pharmacokinetic differences between chlorofluorocarbon and chlorofluorocarbon-free metered dose inhalers of beclomethasone ... Pharmacokinetics of chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate B ... Pharmacokinetics of chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate B ... Long-term safety and efficacy of a chlorofluorocarbon-free beclomethasone dipropionate extrafine aerosol. Fireman P, Prenner BM ...
Impact of Copayment Changes on Children's Albuterol Inhaler Use and Costs after the Clean Air Act Chlorofluorocarbon Ban -...
Impact of Copayment Changes on Childrens Albuterol Inhaler Use and Costs after the Clean Air Act Chlorofluorocarbon Ban Alison ... Impact of Copayment Changes on Childrens Albuterol Inhaler Use and Costs after the Clean Air Act Chlorofluorocarbon Ban Alison ... The Impact of the US Food and Drug Administration Chlorofluorocarbon Ban on Out-of-pocket Costs and Use of Albuterol Inhalers ... Advances in metered dose inhaler technology with the development of a chlorofluorocarbon-free drug delivery system. Ross DL, ...
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane | Profiles RNS
"Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane" by people in UAMS Profiles by ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane" by people in Profiles over the past ten ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane". ...
Ozone crisis: the case against chlorofluorocarbons - Fingerprint - Penn State
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Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons.
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Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons. Contributor(s): World Health Organization , International Programme on Chemical Safety ... QV 633 90FU Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons. QV 633 90ME Methyl isobutyl ketone / QV 633 90ME-1 2-Methoxyethanol, 2- ... Subsequent sections summarize data on the global distribution of chlorofluorocarbons and evaluate the strength of evidence ... Subsequent sections summarize data on the global distribution of chlorofluorocarbons and evaluate the strength of evidence ...
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Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons World Health Organization; International Programme on Chemical Safety (1990) ... the risks to human health and the environment posed by the production and use of fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons. Eight ... summarizes the unique chemical and physical properties that account for the commercial importance of chlorofluorocarbons and ...
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Article 8. Releases from diffuse sources. 1. The Commission, assisted by the European Environment Agency, shall include in the European PRTR information on releases from diffuse sources where such information exists and has already been reported by the Member States.. 2. The information referred to in paragraph 1 shall be organised such as to allow users to search for and identify releases of pollutants from diffuse sources according to an adequate geographical disaggregation and shall include information on the type of methodology used to derive the information.. ▼M1 3. Where the Commission determines that no data on the releases from diffuse sources exist, measures to initiate reporting on releases of relevant pollutants from one or more diffuse sources shall be taken using, where appropriate, internationally approved methodologies.. Those measures, designed to amend non-essential elements of this Regulation, shall be adopted in accordance with the regulatory procedure with scrutiny referred ...
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CFCs6
- The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) requests assistance in reducing the risk of death from cardiac arrhythmia and asphyxiation in workers exposed to 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (more commonly known as CFC-113 or by a trade name such as Freon 113 ® , Genetron 113 ® , Halocarbon 113 ® , or Refrigerant 113 ® ) or to other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (cdc.gov)
- fluorocarbons that contain chlorine are called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (cdc.gov)
- This product does not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as the propellant. (nih.gov)
- These are similar to effects produced by the structurally related chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which have been used extensively in metered dose inhalers. (nih.gov)
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) would have further depleted the ozone layer. (europa.eu)
- 7. Characteristics of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emitted from a municipal waste treatment facility. (nih.gov)
Freon1
- Likewise, Radiological Health), were summarized by although chlorofluorocarbons (Freon) were environmental media (such as surface water, used in significant quantities at each of the sediment, air, drinking water, groundwater, ORR facilities, they were judged unlikely to and food items). (cdc.gov)
Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons2
Methane3
- Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. (uams.edu)
Ozone-depleting chloroflu2
- The report concludes with an eight-point agenda for further research and a call for cuts of at least 80-90% in the emission of ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons. (who.int)
- In recent years we have seen an increase in the use of the solvent 1-bromopropane (1-BP) as a substitute for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons and other regulated compounds. (cdc.gov)
Volatile1
- Produced with up to 20% recycled paper content which is chlorofluorocarbon-free, Falconboard emits zero volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and is an excellent green alternative to traditional foam boards made from polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) or polyvinylchloride (PVC). (artsupply.com)
Environmental health1
- 15. [Chlorofluorocarbons--a new environmental health problem]. (nih.gov)
Spaces1
- Working with chlorofluorocarbon 113 (CFC-113) or other chlorofluorocarbons in confined spaces may cause death by cardiac arrhythmia or asphyxiation. (cdc.gov)
Chemicals1
- Chlorofluorocarbon plastics are typically very resistant to chemicals, solvents and heat. (mfa.org)
Replacement1
- In Asia 2-BP has been used as a replacement for chlorofluorocarbons and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. (nih.gov)
Global1
- Subsequent sections summarize data on the global distribution of chlorofluorocarbons and evaluate the strength of evidence suggesting that increased ultraviolet-B radiation, resulting from ozone depletion, will endanger terrestrial and aquatic biota. (who.int)
Commercial1
- The opening section summarizes the unique chemical and physical properties that account for the commercial importance of chlorofluorocarbons and explain why their degradation in the upper stratosphere destroys ozone. (who.int)
Propellant1
- To compare the efficacy and safety of ipratropium bromide reformulated with the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free propellant hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-134a (ipratropium bromide HFA) to that of the marketed ipratropium bromide inhalation aerosol (containing CFC) in patients with COPD. (nih.gov)
Efficacy and safety2
- This study by Wasserman and colleagues was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study evaluating the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate chlorofluorocarbon in children with asthma, aged 24-47 months. (medscape.com)
- Cite this: Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Fluticasone Propionate Chlorofluorocarbon in Children - Medscape - Aug 21, 2006. (medscape.com)
Compounds1
- In recent years we have seen an increase in the use of the solvent 1-bromopropane (1-BP) as a substitute for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons and other regulated compounds. (cdc.gov)
Ozone1
- Due to potential adverse health effects of ozone depletion, chlorofluorocarbon replacements with much lower or absent ozone depleting potential are developed. (nih.gov)
Health1
- Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by the production and use of fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons. (who.int)