Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.
Acetyltransferases
Chloramphenicol Resistance
Histone Acetyltransferases
Choline O-Acetyltransferase
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Base Sequence
Promoter Regions, Genetic
p300-CBP Transcription Factors
A family of histone acetyltransferases that is structurally-related to CREB-BINDING PROTEIN and to E1A-ASSOCIATED P300 PROTEIN. They function as transcriptional coactivators by bridging between DNA-binding TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and the basal transcription machinery. They also modify transcription factors and CHROMATIN through ACETYLATION.
Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase
Transcription, Genetic
Plasmids
Serine O-Acetyltransferase
N-Terminal Acetyltransferase A
An N-terminal acetyltransferase subtype that consists of the Naa10p catalytic subunit and the Naa15p auxiliary subunit. The structure of this enzyme is conserved between lower and higher eukaryotes. It has specificity for N-terminal SERINE; ALANINE; THREONINE; GLYCINE; VALINE; and CYSTINE residues and acts on nascent peptide chains after the removal of the initiator METHIONINE by METHIONYL AMINOPEPTIDASES.
N-Terminal Acetyltransferase E
Dihydrolipoyllysine-Residue Acetyltransferase
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Thiamphenicol
Transfection
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Escherichia coli O157
A verocytotoxin-producing serogroup belonging to the O subfamily of Escherichia coli which has been shown to cause severe food-borne disease. A strain from this serogroup, serotype H7, which produces SHIGA TOXINS, has been linked to human disease outbreaks resulting from contamination of foods by E. coli O157 from bovine origin.
Gene Expression Regulation
Cloning, Molecular
Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Amino Acid Sequence
R Factors
Histones
Restriction Mapping
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mutation
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Transcription Factors
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Ampicillin
Tetracycline
Genes
DNA-Binding Proteins
CREB-Binding Protein
Nuclear Proteins
Binding Sites
Genes, Regulator
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Transcriptional Activation
Genes, Reporter
O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
E1A-Associated p300 Protein
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Spermine
A biogenic polyamine formed from spermidine. It is found in a wide variety of organisms and tissues and is an essential growth factor in some bacteria. It is found as a polycation at all pH values. Spermine is associated with nucleic acids, particularly in viruses, and is thought to stabilize the helical structure.
N-Terminal Acetyltransferases
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
A multienzyme complex responsible for the formation of ACETYL COENZYME A from pyruvate. The enzyme components are PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE); dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase; and LIPOAMIDE DEHYDROGENASE. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is subject to three types of control: inhibited by acetyl-CoA and NADH; influenced by the energy state of the cell; and inhibited when a specific serine residue in the pyruvate decarboxylase is phosphorylated by ATP. PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE)-PHOSPHATASE catalyzes reactivation of the complex. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)
N-Terminal Acetyltransferase B
An N-terminal acetyltransferase subtype that consists of the Naa20p catalytic subunit and the Naa25p auxiliary subunit. The structure of this enzyme is conserved between YEASTS and HUMAN. It has specificity for the N-terminal METHIONINE of peptides where the next amino acid in the chain is either ASPARTATE; GLUTAMATE; ASPARAGINE; OR GLUTAMINE.
HeLa Cells
Streptomycin
Typhoid Fever
Enzyme Induction
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins
Puromycin
Trans-Activators
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Protein Binding
Protein Biosynthesis
Conjugation, Genetic
A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.
Spermidine
Lincomycin
Culture Media
Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.
Gene Expression
Cells, Cultured
Cysteine Synthase
Erythromycin
A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.
Acyltransferases
Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
RNA, Bacterial
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Haemophilus influenzae
DNA, Recombinant
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
Kanamycin
Chromatin
DNA Primers
Rifampin
A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Substrate Specificity
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Blotting, Northern
Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Acetylcholinesterase
Nalidixic Acid
Anacardic Acids
Salmonella
A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.
Glucosamine 6-Phosphate N-Acetyltransferase
Aminoglycosides
Gentamicins
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Transformation, Bacterial
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Ribosomes
Introns
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Carbon Isotopes
Liver
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
Oligonucleotide Probes
Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.
Blotting, Southern
Repressor Proteins
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Compounds which inhibit the synthesis of proteins. They are usually ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS or toxins. Mechanism of the action of inhibition includes the interruption of peptide-chain elongation, the blocking the A site of ribosomes, the misreading of the genetic code or the prevention of the attachment of oligosaccharide side chains to glycoproteins.
TATA Box
Platelet Activating Factor
Chromosomes, Bacterial
Histone Deacetylases
Deacetylases that remove N-acetyl groups from amino side chains of the amino acids of HISTONES. The enzyme family can be divided into at least three structurally-defined subclasses. Class I and class II deacetylases utilize a zinc-dependent mechanism. The sirtuin histone deacetylases belong to class III and are NAD-dependent enzymes.
Amino-Acid N-Acetyltransferase
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
DNA Transposable Elements
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
Cattle
Consensus Sequence
A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.
Trimethoprim
A pyrimidine inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, it is an antibacterial related to PYRIMETHAMINE. It is potentiated by SULFONAMIDES and the TRIMETHOPRIM, SULFAMETHOXAZOLE DRUG COMBINATION is the form most often used. It is sometimes used alone as an antimalarial. TRIMETHOPRIM RESISTANCE has been reported.
Transformation, Genetic
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Genetics, Microbial
Serotyping
Temperature
Salmonella paratyphi A
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Biogenic Polyamines
Exons
Ethidium
A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.
Deoxyribonuclease I
An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA.
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Choline
Chromosome Mapping
Kanamycin Kinase
Sulfamethoxazole
Streptomyces
beta-Galactosidase
Carnitine
Cell-Free System
A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)
Phenotype
Nucleosomes
Sp1 Transcription Factor
Operon
Simian virus 40
Cell Cycle Proteins
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
Cycloheximide
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Substantia Innominata
DNA, Complementary
Mice, Transgenic
Putrescine
Chickens
Fusidic Acid
Penicillins
A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)
Drug Resistance, Multiple
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Penicillin G
A penicillin derivative commonly used in the form of its sodium or potassium salts in the treatment of a variety of infections. It is effective against most gram-positive bacteria and against gram-negative cocci. It has also been used as an experimental convulsant because of its actions on GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID mediated synaptic transmission.
3T3 Cells
Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.
Integrons
Acetylcholine
Meningitis
Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)
Shigella
Ornithine Decarboxylase
Gene Deletion
Genetic Complementation Test
Meningitis, Haemophilus
Peptide Biosynthesis
The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.
Downregulation of metallothionein-IIA expression occurs at immortalization. (1/3486)
Metallothioneins (MTs) may modulate a variety of cellular processes by regulating the activity of zinc-binding proteins. These proteins have been implicated in cell growth regulation, and their expression is abnormal in some tumors. In particular, MT-IIA is expressed 27-fold less in human colorectal tumors and tumor cell lines compared with normal tissue (Zhang et al., 1997). Here we demonstrate that MT-IIA downregulation occurs when human cells become immortal, a key event in tumorigenesis. After immortalization MT-IIA expression remains inducible but the basal activity of the MT-IIA promoter is decreased. MT-IIA downregulation at immortalization is one of the most common immortalization-related changes identified to date, suggesting that MT-IIA has a role in this process. (+info)Estrogen-dependent and independent activation of the P1 promoter of the p53 gene in transiently transfected breast cancer cells. (2/3486)
Loss of p53 function by mutational inactivation is the most common marker of the cancerous phenotype. Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated 17 beta estradiol (E2) induction of p53 protein expression in breast cancer cells. Although direct effects of E2 on the expression of p53 gene are not known, the steroid is a potent regulator of c-Myc transcription. In the present studies, we have examined the ability of E2 and antiestrogens to regulate the P1 promoter of the p53 gene which contains a c-Myc responsive element. Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive T47D and MCF-7 cells were transiently transfected with the P1CAT reporter plasmid and levels of CAT activity in response to serum, E2 and antiestrogens were monitored. Factors in serum were noted to be the dominant inducers of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) expression in MCF-7 cells. The levels of CAT were drastically reduced when cells were maintained in serum free medium (SFM). However, a subtle ER-mediated induction of CAT expression was detectable when MCF-7 cells, cultured in SFM, were treated with E2. In serum-stimulated T47D cells, the CAT expression was minimal. The full ER antagonist, ICI 182 780 (ICI) had no effect. Treatment with E2 or 4-hydroxy tamoxifen (OHT) resulted in P1CAT induction; OHT was more effective than E2. Consistent with c-Myc regulation of the P1 promoter, E2 stimulated endogenous c-Myc in both cell lines. Two forms of c-Myc were expressed independent of E2 stimuli. The expression of a third more rapidly migrating form was E2-dependent and ER-mediated since it was blocked by the full ER antagonist, ICI, but not by the ER agonist/antagonist OHT. These data demonstrate both ER-mediated and ER-independent regulation of c-Myc and the P1 promoter of the p53 gene, and show differential effects of the two classes of antiestrogens in their ability to induce the P1 promoter of the p53 gene in breast cancer cells. (+info)JunB forms the majority of the AP-1 complex and is a target for redox regulation by receptor tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptor agonists in smooth muscle cells. (3/3486)
To understand the role of redox-sensitive mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth, we have studied the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant, and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a potent NADH/NADPH oxidase inhibitor, on serum-, platelet-derived growth factor BB-, and thrombin-induced ERK2, JNK1, and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation; c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB expression; and DNA synthesis. Both NAC and DPI completely inhibited agonist-induced AP-1 activity and DNA synthesis in VSMC. On the contrary, these compounds had differential effects on agonist-induced ERK2, JNK1, and p38 MAP kinase activation and c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB expression. NAC inhibited agonist-induced ERK2, JNK1, and p38 MAP kinase activation and c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB expression except for platelet-derived growth factor BB-induced ERK2 activation. In contrast, DPI only inhibited agonist-induced p38 MAP kinase activation and c-Fos and JunB expression. Antibody supershift assays indicated the presence of c-Fos and JunB in the AP-1 complex formed in response to all three agonists. In addition, cotransfection of VSMC with expression plasmids for c-Fos and members of the Jun family along with the AP-1-dependent reporter gene revealed that AP-1 with c-Fos and JunB composition exhibited a higher transactivating activity than AP-1 with other compositions tested. All three agonists significantly stimulated reactive oxygen species production, and this effect was inhibited by both NAC and DPI. Together, these results strongly suggest a role for redox-sensitive mechanisms in agonist-induced ERK2, JNK1, and p38 MAP kinase activation; c-Fos, c-Jun, and JunB expression; AP-1 activity; and DNA synthesis in VSMC. These results also suggest a role for NADH/NADPH oxidase activity in some subset of early signaling events such as p38 MAP kinase activation and c-Fos and JunB induction, which appear to be important in agonist-induced AP-1 activity and DNA synthesis in VSMC. (+info)Esterases in serum-containing growth media counteract chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in vitro. (4/3486)
The spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi was unexpectedly found to be as susceptible to diacetyl chloramphenicol, the product of the enzyme chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, as it was to chloramphenicol itself. The susceptibilities of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, as well as that of B. burgdorferi, to diacetyl chloramphenicol were then assayed in different media. All three species were susceptible to diacetyl chloramphenicol when growth media were supplemented with rabbit serum or, to a lesser extent, human serum. Susceptibility of E. coli and B. subtilis to diacetyl chloramphenicol was not observed in the absence of serum, when horse serum was used, or when the rabbit or human serum was heated first. In the presence of 10% rabbit serum, a strain of E. coli bearing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene had a fourfold-lower resistance to chloramphenicol than in the absence of serum. A plate bioassay for chloramphenicol activity showed the conversion by rabbit, mouse, and human sera but not bacterial cell extracts or heated serum of diacetyl chloramphenicol to an inhibitory compound. Deacetylation of acetyl chloramphenicol by serum components was demonstrated by using fluorescent substrates and thin-layer chromatography. These studies indicate that esterases of serum can convert diacetyl chloramphenicol back to an active antibiotic, and thus, in vitro findings may not accurately reflect the level of chloramphenicol resistance by cat-bearing bacteria in vivo. (+info)The nucleoprotein of Marburg virus is target for multiple cellular kinases. (5/3486)
The nucleoprotein (NP) of Marburg virus is phosphorylated at serine and threonine residues in a ratio of 85:15, regardless of whether the protein is isolated from virions or from eukaryotic expression systems. Phosphotyrosine is absent. Although many potential phosphorylation sites are located in the N-terminal half of NP, this part of the protein is not phosphorylated. Analyses of phosphorylation state and phosphoamino acid content of truncated NPs expressed in HeLa cells using the vaccinia virus T7 expression system led to the identification of seven phosphorylated regions (region I*, amino acids 404-432; II*, amino acids 446-472; III*, amino acids 484-511; IV*, amino acids 534-543; V*, amino acid 549; VI*, amino acids 599-604; and VII*, amino acid 619) with a minimum of seven phosphorylated amino acid residues located in the C-terminal half of NP. All phosphothreonine residues and consensus recognition sequences for protein kinase CKII are located in regions I*-V*. Regions VI* and VII* contain only phosphoserine with three of four serine residues in consensus recognition motifs for proline-directed protein kinases. Mutagenesis of proline-adjacent serine residues to alanine or aspartic acid did not influence the function of NP in a reconstituted transcription/replication system; thus it is concluded that serine phosphorylation in the most C-terminal part of NP is not a regulatory factor in viral RNA synthesis. (+info)Identification of an enhancer element of class Pi glutathione S-transferase gene required for expression by a co-planar polychlorinated biphenyl. (6/3486)
3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB), one of the most toxic co-planar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, specifically induces class Pi glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) as well as cytochrome P-450 1A1 in primary cultured rat liver parenchymal cells [Aoki, Matsumoto and Suzuki (1993) FEBS Lett. 333, 114-118]. However, the 5'-flanking sequence of the GSTP1 gene does not contain a xenobiotic responsive element, to which arylhydrocarbon receptor binds. Using a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay we demonstrate here that the enhancer termed GSTP1 enhancer I (GPEI) is necessary for the stimulation by PenCB of GSTP1 gene expression in primary cultured rat liver parenchymal cells. GPEI is already known to contain a dyad of PMA responsive element-like elements oriented palindromically. It is suggested that a novel signal transduction pathway activated by PenCB contributes to the stimulation of GSTP1 expression. (+info)Transcriptional regulation of the mouse ferritin H gene. Involvement of p300/CBP adaptor proteins in FER-1 enhancer activity. (7/3486)
We previously identified a major enhancer of the mouse ferritin H gene (FER-1) that is central to repression of the ferritin H gene by the adenovirus E1A oncogene (Tsuji, Y., Akebi, N., Lam, T. K., Nakabeppu, Y., Torti, S. V., and Torti, F. M. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 5152-5164). To dissect the molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation of ferritin H, E1A mutants were tested for their ability to repress FER-1 enhancer activity using cotransfection with ferritin H-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs. Here we report that p300/CBP transcriptional adaptor proteins are involved in the regulation of ferritin H transcription through the FER-1 enhancer element. Thus, E1A mutants that failed to bind p300/CBP lost the ability to repress FER-1, whereas mutants of E1A that abrogated its interaction with Rb, p107, or p130 were fully functional in transcriptional repression. Transfection with E1A did not affect endogenous p300/CBP levels, suggesting that repression of FER-1 by E1A is not due to repression of p300/CBP synthesis, but to E1A and p300/CBP interaction. In addition, we have demonstrated that transfection of a p300 expression plasmid significantly activated ferritin H-CAT containing the FER-1 enhancer, but had a marginal effect on ferritin H-CAT with FER-1 deleted. Furthermore, both wild-type p300 and a p300 mutant that failed to bind E1A but retained an adaptor function restored FER-1 enhancer activity repressed by E1A. Sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, mimicked p300/CBP function in activation of ferritin H-CAT and elevation of endogenous ferritin H mRNA, suggesting that the histone acetyltransferase activity of p300/CBP or its associated proteins may contribute to the activation of ferritin H transcription. Recruitment of these broadly active transcriptional adaptor proteins for ferritin H synthesis may represent an important mechanism by which changes in iron metabolism are coordinated with other cellular responses mediated by p300/CBP. (+info)Anti-rheumatic compound aurothioglucose inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced HIV-1 replication in latently infected OM10.1 and Ach2 cells. (8/3486)
NF-kappaB is a potent cellular activator of HIV-1 gene expression. Down-regulation of NF-kappaB activation is known to inhibit HIV replication from the latently infected cells. Gold compounds have been effectively used for many decades in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We previously reported that gold compounds, especially aurothioglucose (AuTG) containing monovalent gold ion, inhibited the DNA-binding of NF-kappaB in vitro. In this report we have examined the efficacy of the gold compound AuTG as an inhibitor of HIV replication in latently infected OM10.1 and Ach2 cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced HIV-1 replication in OM10.1 or Ach2 cells was significantly inhibited by non-cytotoxic doses of AuTG (>10 microM in OM10.1 cells and >25 F.M in Ach2 cells), while 25 microM of the counter-anion thioglucose (TG) or gold compound containing divalent gold ion, HAuCl3, had no effect. The effect of AuTG on NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression was confirmed by a transient CAT assay. Specific staining as well as electron microscopic examinations revealed the accumulation of metal gold in the cells, supporting our previous hypothesis that gold ions could block NF-kappaB-DNA binding by a redox mechanism. These observations indicate that the monovalent gold compound AuTG is a potentially useful drug for the treatment of patients infected with HIV. (+info)
The Actin Gene Promoter of Trypanosoma-brucei
| DIAL.pr - BOREAL
Cloning and analysis of the promoter region of the rat SM22α gene | Biochemical Journal
Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase | definition of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase by Medical dictionary
The 3 untranslated region of picornavirus RNA: features required for efficient genome replication. | Journal of Virology
Order Chloramphenicol With No Prescription From Trusted Online Pharmacy
Chloramphenicol | Cheapest Place Buy Ravignan | GetIT
Plus it
CTSS Gene - GeneCards | CATS Protein | CATS Antibody
Buy Alficetyn (Chloramphenicol) Without Prescription
Købe Antibiotics - Pharex chloramphenicol (Brand name: chloramphenicol) chloramphenicol uden recept
Harga Chloramphenicol Generikb | Chloramphenicol | Buy Drugs Online
CHLORAMPHENICOL - Informasi obat
Købe Antibiotics - Pentamycetin (Brand name: chloramphenicol) chloramphenicol uden recept
Antibiotics pills, Buy Chloramphenicol () online for cheap price.
- MY-EUROPEAN-STORE
What is Chloramphenicol? | Pharmaceutical
Buy cheap OTC chloramphenicol online without prescription.
ARDB-Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database
Leuconostoc-E. coli 벡터 개발 및 트랜스포존 매개 유전자도입을 통한 류코노스톡 유산균에서 이형단백질 발현::기초학문자료센터
Buy Chloramphenicol online, lowest price, super quality
Fast results chloramphenicol - Bitcoin & MasterCard & Visa & Amex Accept!.
Cloramfeni Ofteno (Chloramphenicol) Sophia Laboratorios
Gonadotropin regulation of the rat proopiomelanocortin promoter: Characterization by transfection of primary ovarian granulosa...
Chloramphenicol Sale - Purchase Cheapest Chloramphenicol Shopping Canada - Order Chloramphenicol Polo
Buy chloramphenicol online - without prescription
Buy chloramphenicol online - without prescription
Chloramphenicol (chloromycetin Otic) - Buy Cheap Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol | TotalCareMart.com
Chloramphenicol | WorldHealthLink.com
Antibiotics - Prurivet (Brand name: chloramphenicol) Buy Cheap online Price: 0.46 - Antibiotics, Chloramphenicol is used for...
Antibiotics - Miroptic (Brand name: chloramphenicol) Buy Cheap online Price: 0.46 - Antibiotics, Chloramphenicol is used for...
Purchase Natural Chloramphenicol Online - We accept Visa, MasterCard, AmEx, Diners and JCB cards
Generic Chloramphenicol For Sale Non Prescription | Can You Buy Chloramphenicol Over The Counter Uk
Chloramphenicol, Buy generic Chloramphenicol online, free prescription
CHLORAMPHENICOL - Mar Vista Animal Medical Center
CHLORAMPHENICOL - Mar Vista Animal Medical Center
Chloramphenicol Rapid Test Kit | Ringbio
Chloramphenicol Comprar En Una Farmacia Online Todo En Medicamentos USA - VocalBuzz
ChemIDplus - 716-61-0 - OCYJXSUPZMNXEN-RKDXNWHRSA-N - Chloramphenicol base - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas,...
CHLORAMPHENICOL (RING-D4, BENZYL-D1, 98%) 100 UG/ML IN CH3CN - Creative Proteomics
Chloramphenicol caproate | Tenacious C Forums
Chloramphenicol Medicines Online In Pakistan - Dawaai.pk
Sabouraud Chloramphenicol Agar | Bioneks®
Chloramphenicol Krka 10 mg/g mazilo za oko - Mediately Register zdravil
Chloramphenicol augensalbe preis - Slimming tea mustika ratu
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase - Wikipedia
Leicester Research Archive: Resistance to fusidic acid in Escherichia coli mediated by the type I variant of chloramphenicol...
Chloramphenicol Mast Mk - Chloramphenicol Kapsul 500 Mg
Evolution & the cat - Gene Expression
Chloramphenicol CAS#: 56-75-7
Chloramphenicol Palmitate in Achabbal, Top 10 Chloramphenicol Palmitate Achabbal
loxP flanked Chloramphenicol Selection Cassette (loxP-cm-loxP) from Gene Bridges GmbH
Chloramphenicol EIA | ELISA Technologies, Inc.
Social Network - Blog View - Chloromycetin 500mg buy safely. Where Can I Buy Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol Tablet size: 500 mg at PetSmart in Edwardsville - 70589211
Chloramphenicol (Viceton) Tablets
CONICET | Buscador de Institutos y Recursos Humanos
Gentaur Molecular :Meridian Life Science \ MAb to Chloramphenicol \ G01247M
Viceton (Chloramphenicol) | On Sale | EntirelyPets Rx
Chloramphenicol me cystitis
G stebuch von hotcarpics.ch
Chloramphenicol Alkaloid 5% (pomadë) ~ Une Konsultohem
Chloramphenicol-n Online Kaufen | Online Drugstore
AK-Chlor Side Effects in Detail - Drugs.com
SAOUHSC 00324 - AureoWiki
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
... (or CAT) is a bacterial enzyme (EC 2.3.1.28) that detoxifies the antibiotic chloramphenicol ... Leslie AG (1990). "Refined crystal structure of type III chloramphenicol acetyltransferase at 1.75 A resolution". J. Mol. Biol ... Gorman, CM; Moffat LF; Howard BH (1982). "Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian ... This enzyme covalently attaches an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to chloramphenicol, which prevents chloramphenicol from binding ...
Reporter gene
An example of a selectable marker which is also a reporter in bacteria is the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, ... Smale, S. T. (2010-05-01). "Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Assay". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2010 (5): pdb.prot5422. doi ... the transfected population of bacteria can be grown on a substrate that contains chloramphenicol. Only those cells that have ... which confers resistance to the antibiotic chloramphenicol. Many methods of transfection and transformation - two ways of ...
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
The topology of this trimer active site is identical to that of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Eight of these trimers are ... acetyl-CoA S-acetyltransferase, lipoate acetyltransferase, lipoate transacetylase, lipoic acetyltransferase, lipoic acid ... lysine S-acetyltransferase. dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase, dihydrolipoate acetyltransferase, dihydrolipoic ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is acetyl-CoA:enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine S-acetyltransferase. Other names in ...
GUS reporter system
Other competing systems are based on e.g. luciferase, GFP, beta-galactosidase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), ...
Chloramphenicol
... and elaboration of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. It is easy to select for reduced membrane permeability to chloramphenicol ... Oily chloramphenicol (or chloramphenicol oil suspension) is a long-acting preparation of chloramphenicol first introduced by ... Chloramphenicol increases the absorption of iron. Chloramphenicol is metabolized by the liver to chloramphenicol glucuronate ( ... this gene codes for an enzyme called chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, which inactivates chloramphenicol by covalently linking ...
Expanded genetic code
... where the plasmid is transferred into cells expressing chloramphenicol acetyl transferase with a premature amber codon. In the ... presence of toxic chloramphenicol and the non-natural amino acid, the surviving cells will have overridden the amber codon ...
CAT III
... may refer to: Chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase, an enzyme CAT III, a measurement category of live electrical ...
Bonny Light oil
In addition to it, a rise in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), and ...
List of EC numbers (EC 2)
... cortisol O-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.28: chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.29: glycine C-acetyltransferase EC 2.3. ... D-tryptophan N-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.35: glutamate N-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.36: D-amino-acid N-acetyltransferase EC ... amino-acid N-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.2: imidazole N-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.3: glucosamine N-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.4 ... arylamine N-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.6: choline O-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.7: carnitine O-acetyltransferase EC 2.3.1.8: ...
Acetyltransferase
... acetyltransferase Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase Serotonin N-acetyltransferase NatA Acetyltransferase NatB acetyltransferase ... Examples include: Histone acetyltransferases including CBP histone acetyltransferase Choline ... Acetyltransferase (or transacetylase) is a type of transferase enzyme that transfers an acetyl group. ... Acyltransferase Acetylation Acetyltransferases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e ( ...
Host-cell reactivation
Earlier versions of this assay were based on the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, but the version of the assay ...
CAT I
... may refer to: Instrument landing system#ILS categories Chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase I, an enzyme Carnitine O- ...
Cat (disambiguation)
... a medical imaging X-ray technology Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, an enzyme and antibiotic resistance gene Cognitive ...
CAT II
... may refer to: Instrument landing system#ILS categories Chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase II, an enzyme Carnitine O- ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... chloramphenicol o-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.180 - choline o-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.310 - ... acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.105 - amino-acid n-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.150 - ... phosphate acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.850 - serine O-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.170 - acyl-carrier ... acetyltransferases MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.029 - acyl-carrier protein s-acetyltransferase MeSH D08.811.913.050.134.060 - ...
Amikacin
The antibiotics chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and tetracycline have been known to inactivate aminoglycosides in general by ... Variations of aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (AAC) and aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase (AAD) also confer resistance: ...
Salmonella
Mittal R, Peak-Chew SY, Sade RS, Vallis Y, McMahon HT (June 2010). "The acetyltransferase activity of the bacterial toxin YopJ ... and early in the event picked up a gene that made it resistant to the antibiotic chloramphenicol. This created the need to use ... Typhimurium works to inhibit the innate immune system by virtue of its serine/threonine acetyltransferase activity, and ...
2014 Ju-Jitsu World Championships
The 2014 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 12th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Paris, France from November 28 to November 30, 2014. 28.11.2014 - Men's and Women's Fighting System, Men's and Women's Jiu-Jitsu (ne-waza), Men's Duo System - Classic 29.11.2014 - Men's and Women's Fighting System, Men's and Women's Jiu-Jitsu (ne-waza), Women's Duo System - Classic 30.11.2014 - Men's Jiu-Jitsu (ne-waza), Mixed Duo System - Classic, Team event Vincent MATCZAK (2014-09-30). "4TH INVITAION TO WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP 2014" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-11-28.[dead link] Online results Official results (PDF) Mixed team event results (PDF) (All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links from April 2022, Ju-Jitsu World Championships, 2014 in French sport ...
Bolley Johnson
Bolley L. "Bo" Johnson (born November 15, 1951) is an American politician from the state of Florida. A member of the Democratic Party, Johnson was a member of the Florida House of Representatives, and served as the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives. Johnson is from Milton, Florida. His father and grandfather served as county commissioners for Santa Rosa County, Florida. Johnson graduated from Milton High School, and became the first member of his family to attend college. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida State University. Johnson volunteered for Mallory Horne when Horne served as the president of the Florida Senate. At the age of 22, Johnson met Lawton Chiles, then a member of the United States Senate, who hired him as a legislative aide in 1973. Johnson was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 4th district from November 7, 1978 to November 3, 1992. He also served the 1st district from November 3, 1992 to November 8, 1994. He became the ...
Don't Say No
... may refer to: Don't Say No (Billy Squier album), a 1981 album by American rock singer Billy Squier, and its title track Don't Say No (Seohyun EP), a 2016 extended play by South Korean pop singer Seohyun, and its title track "Don't Say No" (Tom Tom Club song), from the 1988 album Boom Boom Chi Boom Boom "Don't Say No", by Robbie Williams from the 2005 album Intensive Care "Don't Say No Tonight", a 1985 single by Eugene Wilde This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Don't Say No. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. (Disambiguation pages with short descriptions, Short description is different from Wikidata, All article disambiguation pages, All disambiguation pages, Disambiguation pages ...
Dewoitine D.371
The Dewoitine 37 was the first of a family of 1930s French-built monoplane fighter aircraft. The D.37 was a single-seat aircraft of conventional configuration. Its fixed landing gear used a tailskid. The open cockpit was located slightly aft of the parasol wing. The radial engine allowed for a comparatively wide fuselage and cockpit. Design of this machine was by SAF-Avions Dewoitine but owing to over work at that companies plant at the time, manufacture of the D.37/01 was transferred to Lioré et Olivier. They were high-wing monoplanes of all-metal construction with valve head blisters on their engine cowlings. The first prototype flew in October 1931. Flight testing resulted in the need for multiple revisions in both engine and airframe, so it was February 1934 before the second prototype flew. Its performance prompted the French government to order for 28 for the Armée de l'Air and Aéronavale. The Lithuanian government ordered 14 that remained in service with their Air Force until 1936, ...
Noor-ul-Ain
The Noor-ul-Ain (Persian: نور العين, lit. 'the light of the eye') is one of the largest pink diamonds in the world, and the centre piece of the tiara of the same name. The diamond is believed to have been recovered from the mines of Golconda, Hyderabad in India. It was first in possession with the nizam Abul Hasan Qutb Shah, later it was given as a peace offering to the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb when he defeated him in a siege. It was brought into the Iranian Imperial collection after the Persian king Nader Shah Afshar looted Delhi in the 18th century.[citation needed] The Noor-ul-Ain is believed to have once formed part of an even larger gem called the Great Table diamond. That larger diamond is thought to have been cut in two, with one section becoming the Noor-ul-Ain and the other the Daria-i-Noor diamond. Both of these pieces are currently part of the Iranian Crown Jewels. The Noor-ul-Ain is the principal diamond mounted in a tiara of the same name made for Iranian Empress Farah ...
Benoist Land Tractor Type XII
The Benoist Land Tractor Type XII was one of the first enclosed cockpit, tractor configuration aircraft built. Benoist used "Model XII" to several aircraft that shared the same basic engine and wing design, but differed in fuselage and control surfaces. The Type XII was a tractor-engined conversion of the model XII headless pusher aircraft that resembled the Curtiss pusher aircraft. Demonstration pilots used Benoist aircraft to demonstrate the first parachute jumps, and the tractor configuration was considered much more suitable for the task. The first example named the "Military Plane" had a small box frame covered fuselage that left the occupants mostly exposed to the wind. The later model XII "Cross Country Plane" had a full fuselage that occupants sat inside of. The first tractor biplane used a wooden fuselage with a small seat on top. The wings were covered with a Goodyear rubberized cloth. The first model XII was built in the spring of 1912. On 1 March 1912, Albert Berry used a headless ...
Santa Cruz Barillas
... (also known as Yalmotx in Qʼanjobʼal) is a town, with a population of 17,166 (2018 census), and a municipality in the Guatemalan department of Huehuetenango. It is situated at 1450 metres above sea level. It covers a terrain of 1,174 km². The annual festival is April 29-May 4. Barillas has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round and extremely heavy rainfall from June to August. Citypopulation.de Population of departments and municipalities in Guatemala Citypopulation.de Population of cities & towns in Guatemala "Climate: Barillas". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved July 26, 2020. Muni in Spanish Website of Santa Cruz Barillas Coordinates: 15°48′05″N 91°18′45″W / 15.8014°N 91.3125°W / 15.8014; -91.3125 v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Articles containing Q'anjob'al-language text, Coordinates on Wikidata, ...
Maria Margaret Pollen
Maria Margaret La Primaudaye Pollen (10 April 1838 - c. 1919), known as Minnie, was a decorative arts collector. As Mrs John Hungerford Pollen, she became known during the early-twentieth century as an authority on the history of textiles, publishing Seven Centuries of Lace in 1908. Maria Margaret La Primaudaye was born into a Huguenot family on 10 April 1838, the third child of the Revd Charles John La Primaudaye, a descendant of Pierre de La Primaudaye. She was educated in Italy. Her family converted to Catholicism in 1851, and it was in Rome that her father met another recent English convert, John Hungerford Pollen, previously an Anglican priest and a decorative artist. She became engaged to Pollen, who was then seventeen years her senior, in the summer of 1854, and was married in the church of Woodchester monastery, near Stroud, Gloucester, on 18 September 1855. The Pollens initially settled in Dublin, where John Hungerford Pollen had been offered the professorship of fine arts at the ...
Ronald Fogleman
Ronald Robert Fogleman (born January 27, 1942) is a retired United States Air Force general who served as the 15th Chief of Staff of the Air Force from 1994 to 1997 and as Commanding General of the United States Transportation Command from 1992 to 1994. A 1963 graduate from the United States Air Force Academy, he holds a master's degree in military history and political science from Duke University. A command pilot and a parachutist, he amassed more than 6,800 flying hours in fighter, transport, tanker and rotary wing aircraft. He flew 315 combat missions and logged 806 hours of combat flying in fighter aircraft. Eighty of his missions during the Vietnam War were as a "Misty FAC" in the F-100F Super Sabre at Phù Cát Air Base, South Vietnam between 25 December 1968 and 23 April 1969. Fogleman was shot down in Vietnam in 1968, while piloting an F-100. He was rescued by clinging to an AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter that landed at the crash site. In early assignments he instructed student pilots, ...
Peachtree Street (song)
Peachtree Street" is a 1950 song co-written and recorded by Frank Sinatra in a duet with Rosemary Clooney. The song was released as a Columbia Records single. Frank Sinatra co-wrote the song with Leni Mason and Jimmy Saunders. Mason composed the music while Sinatra and Saunders wrote the lyrics. The song was arranged by George Siravo The song was released as an A side Columbia 10" 78 single, Catalog Number 38853, Matrix Number CO-43100-1 and as a 7" 33, 1-669. The B side was the re-issued "This Is the Night." Neither of the songs charted. The subject of the song is a stroll down the street in Atlanta, Georgia of the same name. Sinatra originally intended Dinah Shore to sing the duet with him. When Shore declined, Clooney was asked. The song was recorded on April 8, 1950. The song features spoken asides by Sinatra and Clooney. Rosemary Clooney asks: "Say, Frank, you wanna take a walk?" Frank Sinatra replies: "Sure, sweetie, just pick a street." He noted how there were no peach trees on the ...
We, Too, Have a Job to Do
... is a painting by American illustrator Norman Rockwell that depicts a Boy Scout in full uniform standing in front of a waving American flag. It was originally created by Rockwell in 1942 for the 1944 Brown & Bigelow Boy Scout Calendar. The model, Bob Hamilton, won a contest to be in the painting and personally delivered a print to the Vice President of the United States at the time, Henry A. Wallace. The painting was created to encourage Scouts to participate in the war effort during World War II. The name of the painting, We, Too, Have a Job to Do, comes from a slogan that the Boy Scouts of America used in 1942 to rally scouts to support the troops by collecting metal and planting victory gardens. The model, Bob Hamilton, won a contest with his local council in Albany, New York, to be depicted in the painting. He traveled to Rockwell's studio in Arlington, Vermont, to model for Rockwell. Since Hamilton was a scout, the uniform shown in the painting was his, unlike some ...
2021 Akkar explosion
At least 33[failed verification] people were killed by a fuel tanker explosion in Tleil, Akkar District, Lebanon on 15 August 2021. The disaster was reportedly exacerbated by the ongoing Lebanese liquidity crisis; in which the Lebanese pound has plummeted and fuel has been in short supply. The survivors were evacuated by the Lebanese Red Cross. An investigation is underway. The fuel tanker had been confiscated by the Lebanese Armed Forces from black marketeers, the fuel was then distributed/taken by the locals. The son of the man whose land the fuel tanker was located on, was later arrested, accused of deliberately causing the explosion. Agencies (2021-08-15). "At least 20 killed and 79 injured in fuel tank explosion in Lebanon". the Guardian. Retrieved 2021-08-15. "Lebanon fuel explosion kills 22 and injures dozens more". The Independent. 2021-08-15. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2021-08-15. "Lebanon: At least 20 dead and dozens injured after fuel tank explodes as ...
Straubing Tigers
The Straubing Tigers are a professional men's ice hockey team, based in Straubing, Germany, that competes in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. Straubing plays its home games at the Eisstadion am Pulverturm, which has a capacity of 5,800 spectators. Promoted to the DEL in 2006, and operating with one of the league's smallest budgets, the team could finish no better than twelfth before the 2011-12 DEL season, when it reached the semi-finals of the playoffs. Their greatest success so far is the qualification for the season 2020-21 of the Champions Hockey League. In 1941, the then 14-year-old Max Pielmaier and his friends Max Pellkofer and Harry Poiger founded the first hockey team in Straubing. The first official game took place on the first of February 1942 in Hof and was lost by a score of 0:1. In the following year there were several games against other Bavarian teams. The game against Landshut on 31 January. 1943 was the last game during the second World War, because the young players also had to ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Characterisation of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase from multi-resistant clinical isolates of...
Evidence for Elizabethkingia anophelis Transmission from Mother to Infant, Hong Kong - Volume 21, Number 2-February 2015 -...
Team:Imperial College/CAT - 2008.igem.org
Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Characterisation. We have characterised the chloramphenicol concentrations at which ... To characterise chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, a construct containing the CAT gene, expression equipment, a fluorescent ... To this end, characterisation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was carried out according to this protocol. ... a bacterium possessing a single highly expressed copy of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase can survive (with difficulty) at up ...
Frontiers | Human Activity Determines the Presence of Integron-Associated and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Southwestern...
Furthermore, a resistance mechanism associated to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (1.1%; Figure 2B) could be only detected in ... Within the same watershed we also found a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (catB10) associated with Pseudomonadaceae (1.1 ... Roberts, M. C., and Schwarz, S. (2009). "Tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance mechanisms," in Antimicrobial Drug ... Aminoglycoside acetyltransferases and dihydropteroate synthase were the most common mechanisms conferring resistance to ...
Multiple promoters direct tissue-specific expression of the rat BDNF gene: Neuron
SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 1pd5
Crystal structure of E.coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase type I at 2.5 Angstrom resolution ... Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Oligo-state. homo-trimer. SMTL ID. 1pd5.2. Ligands. -. Polypeptides. Chloramphenicol ... Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Oligo-state. homo-trimer. SMTL ID. 1pd5.4. Ligands. -. Polypeptides. Chloramphenicol ... Crystal structure of E.coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase type I at 2.5 Angstrom resolution; X-RAY DIFFRACTION 2.50 Å SMTL ...
Predicted Orthologs - RBBH
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14 - Assembly GCF_000014625.1 PA14_55170 chloramphenicol ... phosphate acetyltransferase Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14 - Assembly GCF_000014625.1 PA14_53480 phosphate acetyltransferase ... acetyltransferase 177 98.9 Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 (Reference) PA0708 probable transcriptional regulator Pseudomonas ...
WO2017142999A2 - Methods and systems of molecular recording by crispr-cas system - Google Patents
Ampicillin and Chloramphenicol Resistance in Systemic
Haemophilus influenzae Disease
Most chloramphenicol-resistant (MIC greater than 2 ug/ml) strains produce chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, an enzyme capable ... of 25 ug/ml to chloramphenicol and produced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The MIC and MBC to moxalactam were both 0.016 ug ... She was treated with ampicillin and chloramphenicol for 72 hours and then changed to chloramphenicol alone for 9 more days ... and chloramphenicol resistance, suggest the possibility that chloramphenicol resistance alone or combined with ampicillin ...
Publikationen der Gruppe | Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie
Thomas M. Roberts, PhD - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Boston, MA
Functional analyses of albumin expression in a series of hepatocyte cell lines and in primary hepatocytes.<...
The albumin promoter and enhancer sequences were fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene; the ability of ... The albumin promoter and enhancer sequences were fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene; the ability of ... The albumin promoter and enhancer sequences were fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene; the ability of ... The albumin promoter and enhancer sequences were fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene; the ability of ...
US Patent for Oligonucleotides for modulating protein kinase C having phosphorothioate linkages of high chiral purity Patent ...
How Do Histone Modifications Regulate Gene Expression? - Enzo Life Sciences
Figure 3: Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was tittered in the assay using 100 uM of the substrate chloramphenicol. ... Histone Acetyltransferase. Histone acetylation status is regulated by two groups of enzymes exerting opposite effects, histone ... Enzos Acetyltransferase and Methyltransferase activity kits are homogeneous mix-and-read fluorescent assays for the ... The epigenetic writers are DNA methyltransferases, histone lysine methyltransferases and histone acetyltransferases. ...
Whole genome sequence based capsular typing and antimicrobial resistance prediction of Group B streptococcal isolates from...
Fluoroquinolone-resistance conferring substitutions in gyrA + parC were detected in 9 (27.3 %) isolates and chloramphenicol ... CAT genes, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferases, were detected in 8 (24.2 %) isolates, among serotypes III (p = 0.02), ... Fluoroquinolone-resistance conferring substitutions in gyrA + parC were detected in 9 (27.3 %) isolates and chloramphenicol ... Although other antibiotic classes such as fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline are not recommended for ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
SMART: Secondary literature for NDK domain
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Find Research outputs
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Plus it
Ataliotis P et al. (2005),
XTbx1 is a transcriptional activator involved i... -
Paper
Haruko Takeyama - Research output - Waseda University
Reporter Vectors
Code System Concept
DeCS
Acetyltransferase, Chloramphenicol CAT Enzyme Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase Chloramphenicol O Acetyltransferase ... Acetyltransferase, Chloramphenicol. CAT Enzyme. Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase. Chloramphenicol O Acetyltransferase. ... Chloramphenicol Transacetylase. Enzyme, CAT. O-Acetyltransferase, Chloramphenicol. Transacetylase, Chloramphenicol. Tree number ... Acetyltransferases (1973-1988). Transferases (1966-1972). Public MeSH Note:. 98(89); see CHLORAMPHENICOL ACETYLTRANSFERASE 1989 ...
Substitution of the α -lactalbumin transcription unit
by a CAT cDNA within a BAC clone silenced the locus in transgenic mice...
Transcriptional activity of the human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) gene in fibroblasts involves elements...
Transient transfection of promoter-chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase reporter constructs into primary human connective tissue ... Transient transfection of promoter-chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase reporter constructs into primary human connective tissue ... Transient transfection of promoter-chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase reporter constructs into primary human connective tissue ... Transient transfection of promoter-chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase reporter constructs into primary human connective tissue ...
Pro-inflammatory cytokines that are generated by disease fighting capability cells and - KRAS-G12C RESEARCH
TransfectionAcetyl transferase geneReporter geneResistanceGeneCharacterisationMethyltransferaseAssaysLuciferaseRecombinantPlasmidEnzymeTetracyclineStrainCellsAcetyl transferaseIncreased chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activityOccurring chloramphenicol resistanceGenesBacterialResistance to chloramphenicolAntibioticEscherichiaLincosamidesTransgenic MiceStreptomycesConstructsSubunitKanamycinExpressionReceptorBacteriaStreptomycinEsterActivityResistantDrugAnimalsSiteFreeSmallForm
Transfection4
- the ability of the resulting expression constructs to drive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression after transfection into these hepatocyte cell lines was measured. (elsevier.com)
- Transient transfection of promoter-chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase reporter constructs into primary human connective tissue fibroblasts shows that a 904 bp fragment that hybridizes to a murine TIMP-1 promoter fragment contains a functional promoter. (uea.ac.uk)
- High level transient expression of a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene by DEAE-dextran mediated DNA transfection coupled with a dimethyl sulfoxide or glycerol shock treatment. (wikidata.org)
- The mechanism(s) by which TNF-α enhances interferon γ (IFN-γ)- induced class II expression was examined in a primary cell type, the astrocyte, by transient transfection of the HLA-DRA promoter linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene (DRA-CAT). (uab.edu)
Acetyl transferase gene1
- Expression of the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene in human cells under the control of early adenovirus subgroup C promoters: effect of E1A gene products from other subgroups on gene expression. (nih.gov)
Reporter gene5
- Using A549 cells transfected with the -546 IL-8 construct linked to a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene, we have shown that these antioxidants directly inhibited asbestos-stimulated IL-8 promoter-dependent transcription. (cdc.gov)
- The functional assay is a measure of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in HeLa cells co-transfected with the expression vectors used in the binding assay and the reporter gene TRE-tk-CAT. (aspetjournals.org)
- A reporter gene assay using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase demonstrated that the 5th intron of CNTFRalpha has an enhancer activity which could be induced by TR4 in a dose-dependent manner. (transhumanist.ru)
- For the analysis we used a plasmid-derived RNA containing the reporter gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) flanked by the noncoding sequences of the NS RNA segment of influenza A/WSN/33 virus. (mssm.edu)
- To determine the domains of the GLUT4 promoter that respond to denervation, transgenic mice expressing the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene driven by different lengths of the human GLUT4 promoter were denervated. (ecu.edu)
Resistance4
- If a culture of cells becomes contaminated with another chloarmphenicol resistant bacterium and we lack an extra resistance marker, the upper limit at which our cells can survive in chloramphenicol may allow the removal of the contaminating strain or species. (igem.org)
- Editorial Note: Resistance of H. influenzae strains to ampicillin or chloramphenicol, conventional antimicrobial therapy for systemic (bacteremic) H. influenzae disease, is of growing concern among medical practitioners. (cdc.gov)
- Resistance of Hib strains to chloramphenicol has remained at a low prevalence rate of under 1% since the first report appeared in 1972 (6). (cdc.gov)
- Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. (bvsalud.org)
Gene2
- To characterise chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, a construct containing the CAT gene, expression equipment, a fluorescent protein gene (GFP or RFP) and the 5' and 3' amyE integration sequences was assembled and integrated into B. subtilis . (igem.org)
- The analysis of Caco-2 subclones stably transfected with an H-chain promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) construct revealed that the mRNA increase is paralleled by an enhanced transcription of the H gene, driven by the -100 to +4 region of the H promoter. (elsevier.com)
Characterisation3
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Characterisation of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase from multi-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. (who.int)
- Panja K, Niyogi S, Bal M. Characterisation of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase from multi-resistant clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. (who.int)
- To this end, characterisation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was carried out according to this protocol . (igem.org)
Methyltransferase1
- Enzo's Acetyltransferase and Methyltransferase activity kits are homogeneous mix-and-read fluorescent assays for the determination of any acetyl-CoA dependent acetyltransferase activity or any S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) dependent methyltransferase activity, respectively. (enzolifesciences.com)
Assays1
- Induction of the expression of jun mRNAs was an immediate early effect of EGF stimulation, followed by a marked increase in the biosynthesis of the fos/jun transcription factor complex and an increased transcription factor activity as measured by a recombinant transcription unit using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays. (rupress.org)
Luciferase1
- Methods for calculating the exercise of β-galactosidase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, luciferase, and DNA polymerase are proven. (itsadoglickbabyworld.com)
Recombinant1
- Gorman C.M., Moffat L., Howard B.H., Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells, Mol. (gse-journal.org)
Plasmid2
- CAT will be able to protect a cell from higher levels of chloramphenicol if it is present in a construct on a plasmid (particularly a high copy number plasmid). (igem.org)
- The promoter activity was assayed by transfecting the 3' or 5' deletion clones of ACL- chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) plasmid into PLC/PRF5 cells. (elsevier.com)
Enzyme1
- An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. (bvsalud.org)
Tetracycline1
- The imipenem resistant isolates identified were subsequently tested against other carbapenems (meropenem and ertapenem) and also against rifampin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and tigecycline. (cdc.gov)
Strain1
- In SA140 strain the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) was used as an internal standard. (pafr-inhibitor.com)
Cells1
- We have characterised the chloramphenicol concentrations at which chlorampehnicol acetyltransferase ( Part: BBa_J31005 ) (CAT) will protect cells, allowing them to grow and thrive. (igem.org)
Acetyl transferase4
- Using A549 cells transfected with the -546 IL-8 construct linked to a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene, we have shown that these antioxidants directly inhibited asbestos-stimulated IL-8 promoter-dependent transcription. (cdc.gov)
- The bacteriophage SP6 promoter and RNA polymerase were used to synthesize sense and antisense RNAs coding for the enzymes thymidine kinase (TK) and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). (escholarship.org)
- Expression vector contains a c-terminal Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase (CAT) reporter tag that can be fused to a gene of interest to allow protein detection. (sigmaaldrich.cn)
- Eventually, 26 people bodybuilders often choose in incorporate an anti-estrogen such 170 chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT), beta-galactosidase, or luciferase. (lyinginponds.com)
Increased chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity1
- Dexamethasone increased chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in cells expressing wild type receptor, but had no effect in cells expressing Val 641-mutant receptors, despite similar receptor concentrations, as indicated by Western blotting. (jci.org)
Occurring chloramphenicol resistance1
- Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. (nih.gov)
Genes3
- Typically, the genes encoding corresponding antibody fragments are either subcloned en masse to a different expression vector, or the phage display vector carrying the gene of interest are converted into expression vector. (justia.com)
- The role of specific prolactin gene sequences in mediating the estrogenic regulation of prolactin gene transcription was confirmed by the use of prolactin-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion genes. (elsevier.com)
- In this work we describe the identification of synthetic controllable promoters that function in the bacterial pathogen shuttle plasmid upstream of a promoterless artificial operon containing the reporter genes and gene conferring chloramphenicol resistance. (southpadremaps.com)
Bacterial3
- It is also important to note that the bacterial enzyme called chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, which can neutralize this antibiotic so that it is not any agreement in the safety and authenticity of this multivitamin. (atacss.co.uk)
- In the case of penicillin, the drug binds and inhibits a bacterial enzyme called chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, which can neutralize this antibiotic so that it was protonix 4 0mg twice a day produced using the standards outlined by the manufacturer. (11plustutor.education)
- Bacterial GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases: from resistance to regulation. (jecontacte.xyz)
Resistance to chloramphenicol1
- Except for rickettsial organisms, resistance to chloramphenicol is increasing. (apiservices.biz)
Antibiotic5
- Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic. (expasy.org)
- Another example is resistance to an antibiotic called chloramphenicol, which shuts xenical nz buy online down ribosomes like erythromycin. (theskiffties.com)
- Their analysis also uncovered large differences not only in the 1930s led to an antibiotic called chloramphenicol, which shuts down ribosomes like erythromycin. (atacss.co.uk)
- Strong social ties are associated with age-related macular degeneration, the most common cause of preventable death in the 1930s led to an antibiotic called chloramphenicol, which shuts down ribosomes like erythromycin. (epichomecinema.co.uk)
- In view of the spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms, however, systemic chloramphenicol is again being used to treat dangerous infections. (thefreedictionary.com)
Escherichia1
- Here, structures of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase III (CATIII) and Escherichia coli ketoacylsynthase III (FabH) from crystals grown in the presence of partially hydrolyzed AcOCoA and the respective nucleophile are presented. (nih.gov)
Lincosamides1
- The presence of chloramphenicol at this site may interfere with binding of lincosamides (e.g., clindamycin) and macrolides (e.g., erythromycin) which bind at or near the same site. (apiservices.biz)
Transgenic Mice1
- In some experiments, transgenic mice were used that carried a human promoter/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter construct that is fully functional (895-hG4-CAT), and another relative collection transporting a similar reporter with a loss of function mutation in the LXRE, as previously defined (10). (capecodmushroom.org)
Streptomyces1
- Originally isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae, chloramphenicol is now made synthetically. (apiservices.biz)
Constructs2
- Highly purified preparations of TRP-185 are capable of activating in vitro transcription of wild-type, but not mutated, HIV LTR chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) constructs. (elsevier.com)
- The inducibility of the IL-2 enhancer in vivo and the contribution of individual transcription factors for this induction were assessed with use of reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs containing the IL-2 enhancer or oligomerized binding sites for transcription factors. (elsevier.com)
Subunit1
- Chloramphenicol binds reversibly with the large ribosomal subunit of bacteria and eukaryotes. (apiservices.biz)
Kanamycin3
- Expressing recombinant OMP G1a, 10 ml of LB broth including 34 g/ml chloramphenicol and 30 g/ml kanamycin was inoculated and expanded over night with shaking at 37C. (nu7026.com)
- Another morning hours, 150 ml of Terrific broth including 34 g/ml chloramphenicol and 30 g/ml kanamycin was seeded using the. (nu7026.com)
- Statistical significance was calculated with two sample (Novagen) in Terrific Broth media supplemented with kanamycin and chloramphenicol. (themodernsolution.com)
Expression1
- in vitro expression analyses with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase system showed that this substitution will decrease the effectiveness of transcription. (elsevier.com)
Receptor1
- In addition, a chimeric receptor protein containing the amino-terminus and DNA-binding domains of AR fused to the previously defined ligand domain of the glucocorticoid receptor was found to be fully functional based on dexameth-asone-induced chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity. (elsevier.com)
Bacteria1
- Chloramphenicol should not be given orally to ruminating animals because it is almost completely inactivated by rumen bacteria. (apiservices.biz)
Streptomycin1
- Chloramphenicol replaced streptomycin in 1950 because its excellent penetration of the blood-brain barrier eliminated the need for intrathecal treatment. (medscape.com)
Ester2
- The ester is hydrolyzed by lipases in the small intestine prior to absorption of the chloramphenicol. (apiservices.biz)
- This ester must be hydrolyzed to release active chloramphenicol. (apiservices.biz)
Activity3
- We found that AR is capable of inducing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity more than 20-fold using the mouse mammary tumor virus LTR as a source of androgen response elements. (elsevier.com)
- A complementation assay is described that can be used with relative safety to quantitate rapidly inhibitory effects of potential anti-HIV-1 drugs on virtually any stage of the HIV-1 life cycle by measurements of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity. (elsevier.com)
- Chloramphenicol inhibits the activity of the enzyme peptidyl transferase which catalyses the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids as they are added to the polypeptide chain. (thefreedictionary.com)
Resistant2
- These agents are at least as effective as the older regimen of combination therapy with ampicillin and chloramphenicol and are more effective in children who are infected with microbes that are resistant to ampicillin or chloramphenicol. (medscape.com)
- In pigs fed 20 ppm of chloramphenicol for some time, sensitive coliforms were replaced by resistant ones. (apiservices.biz)
Drug1
- Because of the potential for development of hypersensitivity, chloramphenicol should be used in topical applications sparingly, paying special attention to protecting the person administering the drug. (apiservices.biz)
Animals1
- Chloramphenicol is inappropriate for use in animals intended for food because of potential health hazards to consumers. (apiservices.biz)
Site1
- The structure of CATIII reveals insight into the catalytic mechanism, with one active site of the trimer having relatively clear electron density for AcOCoA and chloramphenicol and the other active sites having weaker density for AcOCoA. (nih.gov)
Free1
- Free chloramphenicol is rapidly absorbed after IV and PO administration, but is slowly absorbed from IM sites. (apiservices.biz)
Small1
- Chloramphenicol is a nearly perfect antibacterial with one major flaw -- the production of aplastic anemia and other blood dyscrasias in a small percentage of patients treated. (apiservices.biz)
Form1
- Chloramphenicol succinate is a water soluble dose form intended for intravenous administration. (apiservices.biz)