Child language. Medical search

The language and sounds expressed by a child at a particular maturational stage in development.

The gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds as perceived and interpreted by the individual through a maturational and learning process. Stages in development include babbling, cooing, word imitation with cognition, and use of short sentences.

Conditions characterized by language abilities (comprehension and expression of speech and writing) that are below the expected level for a given age, generally in the absence of an intellectual impairment. These conditions may be associated with DEAFNESS; BRAIN DISEASES; MENTAL DISORDERS; or environmental factors.

Tests designed to assess language behavior and abilities. They include tests of vocabulary, comprehension, grammar and functional use of language, e.g., Development Sentence Scoring, Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Scale, Parsons Language Sample, Utah Test of Language Development, Michigan Language Inventory and Verbal Language Development Scale, Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, Northwestern Syntax Screening Test, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Ammons Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test, and Assessment of Children's Language Comprehension.

The sum or the stock of words used by a language, a group, or an individual. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Communication through a system of conventional vocal symbols.

Conditions characterized by deficiencies of comprehension or expression of written and spoken forms of language. These include acquired and developmental disorders.

A system of hand gestures used for communication by the deaf or by people speaking different languages.

Specific languages used to prepare computer programs.

Rehabilitation of persons with language disorders or training of children with language development disorders.

Computer processing of a language with rules that reflect and describe current usage rather than prescribed usage.

The science of language, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and historical linguistics. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Skills in the use of language which lead to proficiency in written or spoken communication.

Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child.

Any observable response or action of a child from 24 months through 12 years of age. For neonates or children younger than 24 months, INFANT BEHAVIOR is available.

Children with mental or physical disabilities that interfere with usual activities of daily living and that may require accommodation or intervention.

The relationships between symbols and their meanings.

Includes both producing and responding to words, either written or spoken.

A research and development program initiated by the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE to build knowledge sources for the purpose of aiding the development of systems that help health professionals retrieve and integrate biomedical information. The knowledge sources can be used to link disparate information systems to overcome retrieval problems caused by differences in terminology and the scattering of relevant information across many databases. The three knowledge sources are the Metathesaurus, the Semantic Network, and the Specialist Lexicon.

A discipline concerned with relations between messages and the characteristics of individuals who select and interpret them; it deals directly with the processes of encoding (phonetics) and decoding (psychoacoustics) as they relate states of messages to states of communicators.

The act or fact of grasping the meaning, nature, or importance of; understanding. (American Heritage Dictionary, 4th ed) Includes understanding by a patient or research subject of information disclosed orally or in writing.

The science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Organized services to provide health care for children.

The training or bringing-up of children by parents or parent-substitutes. It is used also for child rearing practices in different societies, at different economic levels, in different ethnic groups, etc. It differs from PARENTING in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the child and the interaction between the parent and child, while parenting emphasizes the responsibility and qualities of exemplary behavior of the parent.

'Reading' in a medical context often refers to the act or process of a person interpreting and comprehending written or printed symbols, such as letters or words, for the purpose of deriving information or meaning from them.

Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.

The study of normal and abnormal behavior of children.

Those factors, such as language or sociocultural relationships, which interfere in the meaningful interpretation and transmission of ideas between individuals or groups.

Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language.

The artificial language of schizophrenic patients - neologisms (words of the patient's own making with new meanings).

A child who is receiving long-term in-patient services or who resides in an institutional setting.

Mandarin and English single word processing studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging. (1/279)

The cortical organization of language in bilinguals remains disputed. We studied 24 right-handed fluent bilinguals: 15 exposed to both Mandarin and English before the age of 6 years; and nine exposed to Mandarin in early childhood but English only after the age of 12 years. Blood oxygen level-dependent contrast functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed while subjects performed cued word generation in each language. Fixation was the control task. In both languages, activations were present in the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal regions, and the supplementary motor area. Activations in the prefrontal region were compared by (1) locating peak activations and (2) counting the number of voxels that exceeded a statistical threshold. Although there were differences in the magnitude of activation between the pair of languages, no subject showed significant differences in peak-location or hemispheric asymmetry of activations in the prefrontal language areas. Early and late bilinguals showed a similar pattern of overlapping activations. There are no significant differences in the cortical areas activated for both Mandarin and English at the single word level, irrespective of age of acquisition of either language. (+info)

Child outcomes when child care center classes meet recommended standards for quality. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2/279)

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed outcomes for children when child care centers meet recommended care standards. METHODS: Data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care were used to examine the association between meeting standards for child-staff ratios, group sizes, caregiver training, and caregiver education and children's development at 24 and 36 months of age. RESULTS: There were 5 major findings: (1) most classes observed did not meet all 4 recommended standards (compliance ranged from 10% at 6 months of age to 34% at 36 months of age); (2) linear associations were found between number of standards met and child outcomes, and this was more the case at 36 months than at 24 months of age: (3) there was no evidence of threshold effects; (4) children in classes that met more standards had better school readiness and language comprehension scores as well as fewer behavior problems at 36 months of age; and (5) child outcomes were predicted by child-staff ratio at 24 months and caregiver training and education at 36 months of age. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes were better when children attended classes that met recommended child-staff ratios and recommended levels of caregiver training and education. (+info)

Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. (3/279)

BACKGROUND: When thyroid deficiency occurs simultaneously in a pregnant woman and her fetus, the child's neuropsychological development is adversely affected. Whether developmental problems occur when only the mother has hypothyroidism during pregnancy is not known. METHODS: In 1996 and 1997, we measured thyrotropin in stored serum samples collected from 25,216 pregnant women between January 1987 and March 1990. We then located 47 women with serum thyrotropin concentrations at or above the 99.7th percentile of the values for all the pregnant women, 15 women with values between the 98th and 99.6th percentiles, inclusive, in combination with low thyroxine levels, and 124 matched women with normal values. Their seven-to-nine-year-old children, none of whom had hypothyroidism as newborns, underwent 15 tests relating to intelligence, attention, language, reading ability, school performance, and visual-motor performance. RESULTS: The children of the 62 women with high serum thyrotropin concentrations performed slightly less well on all 15 tests. Their full-scale IQ scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, third edition, averaged 4 points lower than those of the children of the 124 matched control women (P= 0.06); 15 percent had scores of 85 or less, as compared with 5 percent of the matched control children. Of the 62 women with thyroid deficiency, 48 were not treated for the condition during the pregnancy under study. The full-scale IQ scores of their children averaged 7 points lower than those of the 124 matched control children (P=0.005); 19 percent had scores of 85 or less. Eleven years after the pregnancy under study, 64 percent of the untreated women and 4 percent of the matched control women had confirmed hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS: Undiagnosed hypothyroidism in pregnant women may adversely affect their fetuses; therefore, screening for thyroid deficiency during pregnancy may be warranted. (+info)

Effect of early or delayed insertion of tympanostomy tubes for persistent otitis media on developmental outcomes at the age of three years. (4/279)

BACKGROUND: A main indication for the insertion of tympanostomy tubes in infants and young children is persistent otitis media with effusion, reflecting concern that this condition may cause lasting impairments of speech, language, cognitive, and psychosocial development. However, evidence of such relations is inconclusive, and evidence is lacking that the insertion of tympanostomy tubes prevents developmental impairment. METHODS: We enrolled 6350 healthy infants from 2 to 61 days of age and evaluated them regularly for middle-ear effusion. Before the age of three years 429 children with persistent effusion were randomly assigned to have tympanostomy tubes inserted either as soon as possible or up to nine months later if effusion persisted. In 402 of these children we assessed speech, language, cognition, and psychosocial development at the age of three years. RESULTS: By the age of three years, 169 children in the early-treatment group (82 percent) and 66 children in the late-treatment group (34 percent) had received tympanostomy tubes. There were no significant differences between the early-treatment group and the late-treatment group at the age of three years in the mean (+/-SD) scores on the Number of Different Words test, a measure of word diversity (124+/-32 and 126+/-30, respectively); the Percentage of Consonants Correct-Revised test, a measure of speech-sound production (85+/-7 vs. 86+/-7); the General Cognitive Index of McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (99+/-14 vs. 101+/-13); or on measures of receptive language, sentence length, grammatical complexity, parent-child stress, and behavior. CONCLUSIONS: In children younger than three years of age who have persistent otitis media, prompt insertion of tympanostomy tubes does not measurably improve developmental outcomes at the age of three years. (+info)

Signing and lexical development in children with Down syndrome. (5/279)

Language development in children with Down syndrome is delayed, on average, relative to general cognitive, motor and social development, and there is also evidence for specific delays in morphology and syntax, with many adults showing persistent problems in these areas. It appears that the combined use of signed and spoken input can boost early language development significantly, this evidence coming initially from single case-studies, and more recently from larger scale controlled studies. Research with typically developing hearing and deaf children, as well as children with Down syndrome, has demonstrated the importance of establishing joint attention for vocabulary development. Furthermore, studies carried out with children with Down syndrome indicate that reducing attentional demands may be especially important in scaffolding language development in this group. The use of signing strategies which have been found to facilitate language development in deaf children when signing to children with Down syndrome is discussed, as is the need for further research on this topic and on the importance of joint attention for the use of other augmentative and alternative communication systems, such as graphic symbol and picture systems. (+info)

Exposure to Reach Out and Read and vocabulary outcomes in inner city preschoolers. (6/279)

To examine the association between exposure to Reach Out and Read and vocabulary outcomes in children, a consecutive sample of 200 parent/child pairs was studied at two inner-city health centers. Children at clinic A were exposed to Reach Out and Read, a clinic-based literacy intervention, for 3 years at the time of the study; children at clinic B were unexposed. Main outcome measures were the "Expressive and Receptive One Word Picture Vocabulary Tests" to measure vocabulary in the children and the "Home Literacy Orientation" scale and "READ" subscale of the STIMQ, to measure book-sharing activities. A total of 200 subjects participated, and the mean age of children was 3.8 years. Demographic characteristics were comparable for both clinics at baseline. Exposed children scored higher on receptive vocabulary (81.5 vs. 74.3; p = 0.005). They also scored higher on both the Home Literacy Orientation scale (4.3 vs. 3.3; p = 0.002) and the STIMQ-READ (12.6 vs. 11.0; p = 0.056). There were no differences in expressive vocabulary scores between the two sites (79.5 vs. 77.5; p = 0.26). In conclusion, we found a positive association between exposure to Reach Out and Read and better receptive vocabulary scores. We also found higher scores for Reach Out and Read-exposed children on measures of home reading activities. (+info)

Methods for characterizing participants' nonmainstream dialect use in child language research. (7/279)

Three different approaches to the characterization of research participants' nonmainstream dialect use can be found in the literature. They include listener judgment ratings, type-based counts of nonmainstream pattern use, and token-based counts. In this paper, we examined these three approaches, as well as shortcuts to these methods, using language samples from 93 children previously described in J. Oetting and J. McDonald (2001). Nonmainstream dialects represented in the samples included rural Louisiana versions of Southern White English (SWE) and Southern African American English (SAAE). Depending on the method and shortcut used, correct dialect classifications (SWE or SAAE) were made for 88% to 97% of the participants; however, regression algorithms had to be applied to the type- and token-based results to achieve these outcomes. For characterizing the rate at which the participants produced the nonmainstream patterns, the token-based methods were found to be superior to the others, but estimates from all approaches were moderately to highly correlated with each other. When type- and/or token-based methods were used to characterize participants' dialect type and rate, the number of patterns included in the analyses could be substantially reduced without significantly affecting the validity of the outcomes. These findings have important implications for future child language studies that are done within the context of dialect diversity. (+info)

An infant-based assessment of early lexicon acquisition. (8/279)

The majority of research on the acquisition of spoken language has focused on language production, due to difficulties in the assessment of comprehension. A primary limitation to comprehension assessment is maintaining the interest and attention of younger infants. We have developed an assessment procedure that addresses the need for an extensive performance-based measure of comprehension in the 2nd year of life. In the interest of developing an engaging approach that takes into account infants' limited attention capabilities, we designed an assessment based on touchscreen technology. This approach builds upon prior research by combining standardization and complexity with an engaging infant-friendly interface. Data suggest that the touchscreen procedure is effective in eliciting and maintaining infant attention and will yield more extensive and reliable estimates of early comprehension than do other procedures. The software to implement the assessment is available free of charge for academic purposes. (+info)

Child language refers to the development of linguistic abilities in children, including both receptive and expressive communication. This includes the acquisition of various components of language such as phonology (sound system), morphology (word structure), syntax (sentence structure), semantics (meaning), and pragmatics (social use of language).

Child language development typically follows a predictable sequence, beginning with cooing and babbling in infancy, followed by the use of single words and simple phrases in early childhood. Over time, children acquire more complex linguistic structures and expand their vocabulary to communicate more effectively. However, individual differences in the rate and pace of language development are common.

Clinical professionals such as speech-language pathologists may assess and diagnose children with language disorders or delays in order to provide appropriate interventions and support for typical language development.

Language development refers to the process by which children acquire the ability to understand and communicate through spoken, written, or signed language. This complex process involves various components including phonology (sound system), semantics (meaning of words and sentences), syntax (sentence structure), and pragmatics (social use of language). Language development begins in infancy with cooing and babbling and continues through early childhood and beyond, with most children developing basic conversational skills by the age of 4-5 years. However, language development can continue into adolescence and even adulthood as individuals learn new languages or acquire more advanced linguistic skills. Factors that can influence language development include genetics, environment, cognition, and social interactions.

Language development disorders, also known as language impairments or communication disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect an individual's ability to understand and/or use spoken or written language in a typical manner. These disorders can manifest as difficulties with grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, word finding, following directions, and/or conversational skills.

Language development disorders can be receptive (difficulty understanding language), expressive (difficulty using language to communicate), or mixed (a combination of both). They can occur in isolation or as part of a broader neurodevelopmental disorder, such as autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability.

The causes of language development disorders are varied and may include genetic factors, environmental influences, neurological conditions, hearing loss, or other medical conditions. It is important to note that language development disorders are not the result of low intelligence or lack of motivation; rather, they reflect a specific impairment in the brain's language processing systems.

Early identification and intervention for language development disorders can significantly improve outcomes and help individuals develop effective communication skills. Treatment typically involves speech-language therapy, which may be provided individually or in a group setting, and may involve strategies such as modeling correct language use, practicing targeted language skills, and using visual aids to support comprehension.

A language test is not a medical term per se, but it is commonly used in the field of speech-language pathology, which is a medical discipline. A language test, in this context, refers to an assessment tool used by speech-language pathologists to evaluate an individual's language abilities. These tests typically measure various aspects of language, including vocabulary, grammar, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Language tests can be standardized or non-standardized and may be administered individually or in a group setting. The results of these tests help speech-language pathologists diagnose language disorders, develop treatment plans, and monitor progress over time. It is important to note that language testing should be conducted by a qualified professional who has experience in administering and interpreting language assessments.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "vocabulary" is a term related to language and communication, rather than medicine or healthcare. It refers to the words and phrases that a person knows and uses in their communication. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those!

Speech is the vocalized form of communication using sounds and words to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings. It involves the articulation of sounds through the movement of muscles in the mouth, tongue, and throat, which are controlled by nerves. Speech also requires respiratory support, phonation (vocal cord vibration), and prosody (rhythm, stress, and intonation).

Speech is a complex process that develops over time in children, typically beginning with cooing and babbling sounds in infancy and progressing to the use of words and sentences by around 18-24 months. Speech disorders can affect any aspect of this process, including articulation, fluency, voice, and language.

In a medical context, speech is often evaluated and treated by speech-language pathologists who specialize in diagnosing and managing communication disorders.

Language disorders, also known as communication disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect an individual's ability to understand or produce spoken, written, or other symbolic language. These disorders can be receptive (difficulty understanding language), expressive (difficulty producing language), or mixed (a combination of both).

Language disorders can manifest as difficulties with grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, and coherence in communication. They can also affect social communication skills such as taking turns in conversation, understanding nonverbal cues, and interpreting tone of voice.

Language disorders can be developmental, meaning they are present from birth or early childhood, or acquired, meaning they develop later in life due to injury, illness, or trauma. Examples of acquired language disorders include aphasia, which can result from stroke or brain injury, and dysarthria, which can result from neurological conditions affecting speech muscles.

Language disorders can have significant impacts on an individual's academic, social, and vocational functioning, making it important to diagnose and treat them as early as possible. Treatment typically involves speech-language therapy to help individuals develop and improve their language skills.

Sign language is not considered a medical term, but it is a visual-manual means of communication used by individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. It combines hand shapes, orientation, and movement of the hands, arms, or body, along with facial expressions and lip patterns. Different sign languages exist in various countries and communities, such as American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL).

However, I can provide a definition related to medical terminology that involves the use of gestures for communication purposes:

Gesture (in medical context): A bodily action or movement, often used to convey information or communicate. In some medical situations, healthcare professionals may use simple, predefined gestures to elicit responses from patients who have difficulty with verbal communication due to conditions like aphasia, dysarthria, or being in a coma. These gestures can be part of a more comprehensive system called "gesture-based communication" or "nonverbal communication."

For sign language specifically, you may consult resources related to linguistics, special education, or deaf studies for detailed definitions and descriptions.

I'm afraid there seems to be a misunderstanding. Programming languages are a field of study in computer science and are not related to medicine. They are used to create computer programs, through the composition of symbols and words. Some popular programming languages include Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript. If you have any questions about programming or computer science, I'd be happy to try and help answer them!

Language therapy, also known as speech-language therapy, is a type of treatment aimed at improving an individual's communication and swallowing abilities. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) or therapists provide this therapy to assess, diagnose, and treat a wide range of communication and swallowing disorders that can occur in people of all ages, from infants to the elderly.

Language therapy may involve working on various skills such as:

1. Expressive language: Improving the ability to express thoughts, needs, wants, and ideas through verbal, written, or other symbolic systems.
2. Receptive language: Enhancing the understanding of spoken or written language, including following directions and comprehending conversations.
3. Pragmatic or social language: Developing appropriate use of language in various social situations, such as turn-taking, topic maintenance, and making inferences.
4. Articulation and phonology: Correcting speech sound errors and improving overall speech clarity.
5. Voice and fluency: Addressing issues related to voice quality, volume, and pitch, as well as stuttering or stammering.
6. Literacy: Improving reading, writing, and spelling skills.
7. Swallowing: Evaluating and treating swallowing disorders (dysphagia) to ensure safe and efficient eating and drinking.

Language therapy often involves a combination of techniques, including exercises, drills, conversation practice, and the use of various therapeutic materials and technology. The goal of language therapy is to help individuals with communication disorders achieve optimal functional communication and swallowing abilities in their daily lives.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Natural Language Processing" (NLP) is actually a subfield of artificial intelligence that focuses on the interaction between computers and human language. It involves developing algorithms and software to understand, interpret, and generate human language in a valuable way.

In a medical context, NLP can be used to analyze electronic health records, clinical notes, and other forms of medical documentation to extract meaningful information, support clinical decision-making, and improve patient care. For example, NLP can help identify patients at risk for certain conditions, monitor treatment responses, and detect adverse drug events.

However, NLP is not a medical term or concept itself, so it doesn't have a specific medical definition.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "linguistics" is not a term that has a medical definition. Lingustics is the scientific study of language and its structure. It involves analysing language form, language meaning, and language in context.

If you have any questions related to healthcare or medicine, I'd be happy to try to help answer them!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Language Arts" is not a term used in medical definitions. Language arts is a term commonly used in education to refer to the academic study of reading, writing, speaking, and listening. It encompasses various subjects such as English, literature, grammar, creative writing, and communication skills. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help with those!

Child welfare is a broad term that refers to the overall well-being and protection of children. It encompasses a range of services and interventions aimed at promoting the physical, emotional, social, and educational development of children, while also protecting them from harm, abuse, and neglect. The medical definition of child welfare may include:

1. Preventive Services: Programs and interventions designed to strengthen families and prevent child maltreatment, such as home visiting programs, parent education classes, and family support services.
2. Protective Services: Interventions that aim to protect children from harm, abuse, or neglect, including investigations of reports of maltreatment, removal of children from dangerous situations, and provision of alternative care arrangements.
3. Family Reunification Services: Efforts to reunite children with their families when it is safe and in the best interest of the child, such as family therapy, parent-child visitation, and case management services.
4. Permanency Planning: The development of long-term plans for children who cannot safely return to their families, including adoption, guardianship, or other permanent living arrangements.
5. Foster Care Services: Provision of temporary care for children who cannot safely remain in their own homes, including placement with foster families, group homes, or residential treatment facilities.
6. Child Health and Development Services: Programs that promote the physical, emotional, and developmental well-being of children, such as health screenings, immunizations, mental health services, and early intervention programs for children with special needs.
7. Advocacy and Policy Development: Efforts to promote policies and practices that support the well-being and protection of children, including advocating for laws and regulations that protect children's rights and ensure their safety and well-being.

Child behavior refers to the actions, reactions, and interactions exhibited by children in response to their environment, experiences, and developmental stage. It is a broad term that encompasses various aspects, including emotional, social, cognitive, and physical development.

Child behavior can be categorized into two main types:

1. Desirable or positive behaviors - These are behaviors that promote healthy development, social interactions, and learning. Examples include sharing toys, following rules, expressing emotions appropriately, and demonstrating empathy towards others.
2. Challenging or negative behaviors - These are behaviors that hinder healthy development, social interactions, and learning. Examples include aggression, defiance, tantrums, anxiety, and withdrawal.

Understanding child behavior is crucial for parents, caregivers, educators, and healthcare professionals to provide appropriate support, guidance, and interventions to promote positive developmental outcomes in children. Factors influencing child behavior include genetics, temperament, environment, parenting style, and life experiences.

A disabled child is a child who has a physical, cognitive, or developmental condition that limits their ability to perform everyday tasks and activities. This limitation can be temporary or permanent and may range from mild to severe. According to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), a person with a disability is someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, has a record of such an impairment, or is regarded as having such an impairment.

Disabled children may face challenges in various areas of their lives, including mobility, communication, self-care, learning, and socialization. Some common examples of disabilities that affect children include cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, hearing or vision loss, and spina bifida.

It is important to note that disabled children have the same rights and entitlements as other children, and they should be given equal opportunities to participate in all aspects of society. This includes access to education, healthcare, social services, and community activities. With appropriate support and accommodations, many disabled children can lead fulfilling lives and reach their full potential.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "semantics" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Semantics is actually a branch of linguistics that deals with the study of meaning, reference, and the interpretation of signs and symbols, either individually or in combination. It is used in various fields including computer science, anthropology, psychology, and philosophy.

However, if you have any medical terms or concepts that you would like me to explain, I'd be happy to help!

In the context of medical and clinical psychology, particularly in the field of applied behavior analysis (ABA), "verbal behavior" is a term used to describe the various functions or purposes of spoken language. It was first introduced by the psychologist B.F. Skinner in his 1957 book "Verbal Behavior."

Skinner proposed that verbal behavior could be classified into several categories based on its function, including:

1. Mand: A verbal operant in which a person requests or demands something from another person. For example, saying "I would like a glass of water" is a mand.
2. Tact: A verbal operant in which a person describes or labels something in their environment. For example, saying "That's a red apple" is a tact.
3. Echoic: A verbal operant in which a person repeats or imitates what they have heard. For example, saying "Hello" after someone says hello to you is an echoic.
4. Intraverbal: A verbal operant in which a person responds to another person's verbal behavior with their own verbal behavior, without simply repeating or imitating what they have heard. For example, answering a question like "What's the capital of France?" is an intraverbal.
5. Textual: A verbal operant in which a person reads or writes text. For example, reading a book or writing a letter are textual.

Understanding the function of verbal behavior can be helpful in assessing and treating communication disorders, such as those seen in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). By identifying the specific functions of a child's verbal behavior, therapists can develop targeted interventions to help them communicate more effectively.

The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is a set of files and software developed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). It provides a comprehensive source of biomedical and health-related terms aimed at unifying and standardizing the language used in various areas of the medical field, such as clinical care, research, and education.

The UMLS includes many different vocabularies, classifications, and coding systems, including but not limited to:

* Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine--Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT)
* International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
* Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)
* Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)

By integrating these various terminologies, the UMLS enables more effective searching, information retrieval, and data analysis across different systems and databases. It also supports natural language processing (NLP) applications, such as text mining and clinical decision support systems.

Psycholinguistics is not a medical term per se, but it is a subfield of both psychology and linguistics that explores how we understand, produce, and process language. It investigates the cognitive processes and mental representations involved in language use, such as word recognition, sentence comprehension, language production, language acquisition, and language disorders.

In medical contexts, psycholinguistic assessments may be used to evaluate individuals with communication difficulties due to neurological or developmental disorders, such as aphasia, dyslexia, or autism spectrum disorder. These assessments can help identify specific areas of impairment and inform treatment planning.

Comprehension, in a medical context, usually refers to the ability to understand and interpret spoken or written language, as well as gestures and expressions. It is a key component of communication and cognitive functioning. Difficulties with comprehension can be a symptom of various neurological conditions, such as aphasia (a disorder caused by damage to the language areas of the brain), learning disabilities, or dementia. Assessment of comprehension is often part of neuropsychological evaluations and speech-language pathology assessments.

Phonetics is not typically considered a medical term, but rather a branch of linguistics that deals with the sounds of human speech. It involves the study of how these sounds are produced, transmitted, and received, as well as how they are used to convey meaning in different languages. However, there can be some overlap between phonetics and certain areas of medical research, such as speech-language pathology or audiology, which may study the production, perception, and disorders of speech sounds for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Child health services refer to a range of medical and supportive services designed to promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of children from birth up to adolescence. These services aim to prevent or identify health problems early, provide treatment and management for existing conditions, and support healthy growth and development.

Examples of child health services include:

1. Well-child visits: Regular checkups with a pediatrician or other healthcare provider to monitor growth, development, and overall health.
2. Immunizations: Vaccinations to protect against infectious diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, polio, and hepatitis B.
3. Screening tests: Blood tests, hearing and vision screenings, and other diagnostic tests to identify potential health issues early.
4. Developmental assessments: Evaluations of a child's cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development to ensure they are meeting age-appropriate milestones.
5. Dental care: Preventive dental services such as cleanings, fluoride treatments, and sealants, as well as restorative care for cavities or other dental problems.
6. Mental health services: Counseling, therapy, and medication management for children experiencing emotional or behavioral challenges.
7. Nutrition counseling: Education and support to help families make healthy food choices and promote good nutrition.
8. Chronic disease management: Coordinated care for children with ongoing medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or cerebral palsy.
9. Injury prevention: Programs that teach parents and children about safety measures to reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.
10. Public health initiatives: Community-based programs that promote healthy lifestyles, provide access to healthcare services, and address social determinants of health such as poverty, housing, and education.

Child rearing, also known as child care or child raising, refers to the process of caring for and raising children from infancy through adolescence. This includes providing for their physical needs such as food, clothing, and shelter, as well as their emotional, social, and intellectual development. Child rearing involves a range of activities such as feeding, bathing, dressing, educating, disciplining, and providing love and support. It is typically the responsibility of parents or guardians, but may also involve other family members, teachers, caregivers, and community institutions. Effective child rearing requires knowledge, skills, patience, and a commitment to meeting the needs of the child in a loving and supportive environment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "reading" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Reading is the activity or process of deciphering and understanding written words or text. It is a fundamental skill in language acquisition and communication, and is not typically used in a medical context unless there is a concern related to reading difficulties or disorders, such as dyslexia. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health concerns, I'd be happy to try to help answer those for you!

Childhood behavior disorders are a group of disruptive behaviors that are more frequent or severe than is typical for the child's age and development. These behaviors can cause significant impairment in the child's life, including their relationships with family, friends, and at school. Common examples of childhood behavior disorders include:

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A chronic condition characterized by difficulty paying attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
2. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): A pattern of negative, hostile, and defiant behavior towards authority figures.
3. Conduct Disorder: A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules.
4. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED): A disorder characterized by recurrent impulsive aggressive behavior disproportionate to the situation.
5. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
6. Tourette Syndrome: A neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics.

It's important to note that children with behavior disorders often have other conditions such as learning disabilities, mood disorders, or anxiety disorders. Early identification and treatment of these disorders can significantly improve the child's outcome.

Child psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with the mental, emotional, and social development of children from birth to adolescence. It involves the study of children's behavior, thoughts, feelings, and relationships with others, including their families, peers, and teachers. Child psychologists use various research methods, such as observation, interviews, and testing, to understand how children develop and learn. They also work with children who have emotional, social, or behavioral problems, providing assessments, therapy, and counseling services to help them overcome these challenges. Additionally, child psychologists may provide consultation and training to parents, teachers, and other professionals who work with children.

Communication barriers in a medical context refer to any factors that prevent or hinder the effective exchange of information between healthcare providers and patients, or among healthcare professionals themselves. These barriers can lead to misunderstandings, errors, and poor patient outcomes. Common communication barriers include:

1. Language differences: When patients and healthcare providers do not speak the same language, it can lead to miscommunication and errors in diagnosis and treatment.
2. Cultural differences: Cultural beliefs and values can affect how patients perceive and communicate their symptoms and concerns, as well as how healthcare providers deliver care.
3. Literacy levels: Low health literacy can make it difficult for patients to understand medical information, follow treatment plans, and make informed decisions about their care.
4. Disability: Patients with hearing or vision impairments, speech disorders, or cognitive impairments may face unique communication challenges that require accommodations and specialized communication strategies.
5. Emotional factors: Patients who are anxious, stressed, or in pain may have difficulty communicating effectively, and healthcare providers may be less likely to listen actively or ask open-ended questions.
6. Power dynamics: Hierarchical relationships between healthcare providers and patients can create power imbalances that discourage patients from speaking up or asking questions.
7. Noise and distractions: Environmental factors such as noise, interruptions, and distractions can make it difficult for patients and healthcare providers to hear, focus, and communicate effectively.

Effective communication is critical in healthcare settings, and addressing communication barriers requires a multifaceted approach that includes training for healthcare providers, language services for limited English proficient patients, and accommodations for patients with disabilities.

Speech disorders refer to a group of conditions in which a person has difficulty producing or articulating sounds, words, or sentences in a way that is understandable to others. These disorders can be caused by various factors such as developmental delays, neurological conditions, hearing loss, structural abnormalities, or emotional issues.

Speech disorders may include difficulties with:

* Articulation: the ability to produce sounds correctly and clearly.
* Phonology: the sound system of language, including the rules that govern how sounds are combined and used in words.
* Fluency: the smoothness and flow of speech, including issues such as stuttering or cluttering.
* Voice: the quality, pitch, and volume of the spoken voice.
* Resonance: the way sound is produced and carried through the vocal tract, which can affect the clarity and quality of speech.

Speech disorders can impact a person's ability to communicate effectively, leading to difficulties in social situations, academic performance, and even employment opportunities. Speech-language pathologists are trained to evaluate and treat speech disorders using various evidence-based techniques and interventions.

'Schizophrenic language' is not a formal medical term, but the concept refers to the unusual and often disturbed patterns of speech that can be observed in individuals with schizophrenia. These language abnormalities are considered one of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia and can include:

1. **Word Salad (Incoherent Speech)**: This is when a person's speech becomes disorganized, fragmented, and lacks logical or understandable connections between words, phrases, or sentences. It may seem like the individual is randomly stringing together words without any clear meaning.

2. **Neologisms (Made-Up Words)**: These are new words or phrases that have been invented by the individual. They may be understandable only to the person using them.

3. **Tangentiality (Straying Off Topic)**: This is when a person's responses are indirect and unrelated to the topic being discussed, although they may start off on topic. The speaker may stray further and further from the original point until they are no longer discussing it at all.

4. **Perseveration (Persistent Repetition)**: This is when a person repeats certain words, phrases, or ideas over and over again, even when they are not relevant to the conversation.

5. **Illogical Thinking/Conclusions**: A person's thoughts may not follow a logical sequence, leading to illogical conclusions or statements that do not make sense in the context of the conversation.

6. **Thought Disorder**: This is a broader term that includes various disturbances in thinking and thought processes, which can then manifest as abnormalities in speech.

It's important to note that these symptoms can vary widely from person to person, and not everyone with schizophrenia will experience all of them. Furthermore, these symptoms should be evaluated and diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional.

The term "institutionalized child" is used to describe a minor (a person who has not yet reached the age of legal majority) who resides in an institution such as a group home, foster care facility, residential treatment center, or other similar setting on a long-term basis. Institutionalization may occur for various reasons, including but not limited to:

1. Abuse or neglect in their biological family
2. Parental absence or inability to provide care
3. Behavioral or emotional challenges that require specialized treatment and support
4. Disabilities that necessitate around-the-clock care
5. Legal reasons, such as being a ward of the state

Institutionalized children typically receive care, supervision, education, and other services from trained staff members in these facilities. The goal of institutionalization is often to provide a safe, structured environment where the child can receive the necessary support and resources to help them thrive and eventually transition back into a family or community setting when possible.

Find resources that explain what Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is, the impact it can have, how to get help and how to raise awareness. (www.gov.je)
Speed, accuracy, and type of errors during word processing in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have often been in the focus of various lexical studies. (srce.hr)
In this chapter we will describe applications of latent semantic analysis to assess semantic linguistic maturity in children and how well the method can predict whether a child has developmental language disorder (DLD), based on orally produced narratives. (lu.se)

We wanted to study how all of the children's basic knowledge of their two languages developed over time and, thus, in our attempt to be as comprehensive as possible, we examined children across multiple languages, ages and contexts," explains Petitto. (eurekalert.org)
Develops knowledge of service delivery contexts and models including identification of goals and intervention approaches for children with speech sound and/or developmental language disorders and/or literacy disorders. (edu.au)
More importantly, we also discuss if and how such methods can be applied in clinical or educational contexts for diagnosis of language disorder in different. (lu.se)
More importantly, we also discuss if and how such methods can be applied in clinical or educational contexts for diagnosis of language disorder in different populations, as an objective measure to complement standardized and decontextualized tests and assessment methods. (lu.se)

Language and literacy development begins right from the start! (abc.net.au)
Watch these shows related to Language and Literacy via ABC iview. (abc.net.au)
Extend ideas emerging from our Language and Literacy shows and podcasts. (abc.net.au)
A lot of other research focuses on math, science and literacy, and they don't even consider that language could be playing a role. (disabled-world.com)
While some children may take longer to find their words than others, there is a lot of research that supports early intervention as a key to preventing later language and literacy delays," Boyle said. (craigdailypress.com)
The RCSLT and children's communication charities Voice 21 and I CAN, have published a policy statement on the relationship between spoken language and children's literacy and numeracy skills. (rcslt.org)
Research has shown that poor language skills at age five significantly impact children's literacy and numeracy at age 11, and children in areas of social disadvantage are at greater risk of this. (rcslt.org)

The therapist may model correct vocabulary and grammar, and use repetition exercises to build language skills. (kidshealth.org)
Articulation, or sound production, exercises involve having the therapist model correct sounds and syllables in words and sentences for a child, often during play activities. (kidshealth.org)
How Do I Find a Speech-Language Therapist? (kidshealth.org)
Dr. Mondesir interviews Cheryl Scott Mitchell, a Speech-Language Pathologist and Therapist, MS CCC/SLP, who works with children in her practice. (buzzsprout.com)
At that evaluation, the therapist will start by asking the caregiver their concerns, review history, establish rapport with the child through play, as well as assessing language skills through play and formal testing. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

If you're stronger in language, you will be able to communicate with peers and teachers," she said. (disabled-world.com)
They also discussed with peers and dialogued with local authorities on children-related policies, such as healthcare services, education qualification, child injuries prevention, education for ethnic children, children playgrounds, child labour, child abuse, and juvenile delinquency. (wvi.org)
Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore whether there are differences in the speed and accuracy of verb processing between children with DLD and their typical developing chronological peers (TDC) and younger, language age-matched peers (TDC-y), with special attention to the type of errors produced. (srce.hr)
Parents may seek additional support if "they have communication concerns, if their child is getting frustrated when attempting to communicate, if their child is unable to participate with peers, if their child is unable to get their wants and needs met through speaking, if they are having challenges outside of the home such as at preschool, school or day camp, or if a child is not meeting language milestones," Boyle said. (craigdailypress.com)
These findings are concerning as we found no evidence that the children born very preterm are making gains on their term-born peers, and as such, it is critical that these children are 1) monitored closely for speech and language delay and 2) provided with early intervention services to minimize later language impairments," Dr. Anderson said. (medscape.com)

Speech-language therapy is the treatment for most kids with speech and/or language disorders. (kidshealth.org)
These types of disorders may also cause pain or discomfort for a child when speaking. (kidshealth.org)
What Are Language Disorders? (kidshealth.org)
Receptive disorders are problems with understanding or processing language. (kidshealth.org)
Expressive disorders are problems with putting words together, having a limited vocabulary, or being unable to use language in a socially appropriate way. (kidshealth.org)
Speech-language pathologists (SLPs), often called speech therapists , are educated in the study of human communication, its development, and its disorders. (kidshealth.org)
Articulation and phonology disorders affect the way a child pronounces certain sounds. (seattlechildrens.org)
We work with providers from the Autism Center to evaluate children with social communication disorders, including autism. (seattlechildrens.org)
Children with fluency disorders may stutter or stammer when they speak. (seattlechildrens.org)
Children with motor speech disorders have problems moving their mouth for speech. (seattlechildrens.org)
Speech and language disorders affect not only a child's ability to talk, but also reading, writing and comprehension. (seattlechildrens.org)
Children with language disorders have trouble understanding spoken and written language (receptive language disorders) or using language to communicate their ideas and questions (expressive language disorders). (seattlechildrens.org)

Read to your child to help them develop receptive and expressive language. (cookchildrens.org)

A language disorder refers to a problem understanding or putting words together to communicate ideas. (kidshealth.org)
Your child's SLP should be licensed in your state and have experience working with kids and your child's specific disorder. (kidshealth.org)
This may be an expressive language delay/disorder, which is characterized by children who do not have the sounds, words or phrases they should have for their age. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Another issue is children who present with an articulation/phonological disorder. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Children can present with a mild articulation disorder to a severe disorder. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
When a child has an articulation/phonological and/or apraxia of speech you will want to see a licensed speech language pathologist who can give a differential diagnosis from an articulation disorder to an apraxia of speech. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Matern Child Health J;27(9): 1589-1598, 2023 Sep. (bvsalud.org)

Researchers found that of the skills and milestones evaluated - social/emotional, attention, health, reading, math and language - only language skills, when a child entered school, predicted his or her performance both within that subject area and most others (math, reading and social skills) from first through fifth grade. (disabled-world.com)
Although milestones look different for each individual child, speech pathologists can typically identify any concerns by following a roadmap. (craigdailypress.com)
If a child is not meeting these milestones on time, it may be beneficial to talk with the child's pediatrician about a referral to a speech language pathologist. (craigdailypress.com)
Developmental milestones are things most children (75% or more) can do by a certain age. (cdc.gov)
Check the milestones your child has reached by 2 years by completing a checklist with CDC's free Milestone Tracker mobile app, for iOS and Android devices, using the Digital Online Checklist , or by printing the checklist [1 MB, 2 Pages, Print Only] below. (cdc.gov)
If your child is not meeting one or more milestones, has lost skills he or she once had, or you have other concerns, act early. (cdc.gov)

Children begin using two-word phrases around the time they develop an expressive vocabulary of 50 words around 24-30 months. (craigdailypress.com)

A parent-led organisation to help children and young people with speech and language impairments and their families. (www.gov.je)

For me the exploration of language acquisition in children is a frontier just as fascinating, even as thrilling, as exploring outer space or the deep sea. (omniglot.com)
Learning to understand a child's language acquisition is like cracking a deeply encrypted code. (omniglot.com)
Students will analyze the benefits of using ESL kids songs as a tool for language learning, and evaluate how music enhances language acquisition skills. (schooltube.com)
In a talk about child language acquisition, Paul Vogt of Tilburg University first plays a soundtrack of a woman saying something in a foreign language, and asks the audience to guess what she's saying. (cim3.net)
This simple example illustrates the relative importance of pragmatics, semantics, and syntax, for child language acquisition. (cim3.net)
Anyone fortunate enough to watch a child learn to talk can observe that understanding pragmatics and semantics precedes and enables acquisition of syntax, for very young children. (cim3.net)

The book "Child Labour - A Public Health Perspective" (272 pages, Oxford University Press) examines both the rights-oriented and public health perspectives on child labor. (cdc.gov)

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children be screened for general development using standardized, validated tools at 9, 18, and 30 months and for autism at 18 and 24 months or whenever a parent or provider has a concern. (cdc.gov)
At age 13, children born very preterm performed worse than the controls on all language components assessed, with differences ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 standard deviation, the researchers report in Pediatrics, online April 9. (medscape.com)
3 Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)

Occipital participation in these tasks is striking, in light of the cognitive and evolutionary differences between vision and language. (jneurosci.org)
While we know children born very preterm are at increased risk for developmental problems, including delayed language, due to limited long-term longitudinal data we have not known whether these problems slowly improve with age, get worse with age, or remain stable," said Dr. Peter J. Anderson from Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, in Melbourne, Australia. (medscape.com)
Pediatricians should be aware that very preterm children have specific cognitive and language risks," she said. (medscape.com)
NYC) Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) have not undergone cognitive testing. (cdc.gov)

By matching the time of bilingual language exposure to key maturational stages of brain development," says Petitto, "we anchor our findings in the biology of the way the brain grows. (eurekalert.org)

Why choose Seattle Children's Speech and Language Services? (seattlechildrens.org)
Seattle Children's speech-language pathologists (SLPs) work with a wide range of children, including those who are bilingual or have a tracheotomy , brain injury or other complex medical needs. (seattlechildrens.org)

The more a child hears, the more they pick it up. (cookchildrens.org)
If a baby hears few words, if a child is rarely read to, or talked with, then he will not have normal language development. (omniglot.com)
By adding language to your everyday activities and experiences, you naturally increase the amount of language your child hears. (hanen.org)

This evaluation should assess your child's skills in reading, writing, speaking, and understanding the English language. (wrightslaw.com)
The team members need to know that second language conversational skills are acquired in one to two years, but academic language proficiency is acquired over a longer period of time - generally in five to seven years. (wrightslaw.com)
When she was a pre-teen, boys made fun of her changing shape, and eventually, she checked out of her own body, not having the language or skills to isolate the good feelings from the bad. (lifehacker.com)
If your child loses skills he or she once had. (cookchildrens.org)
A child's language skills are directly related to the number of words and complex conversations he, or she, has with others. (omniglot.com)
Research by University of Washington reveals the more skills children bring with them to kindergarten, basic math, reading, friendship and cooperation, the more likely they will succeed in those areas in school. (disabled-world.com)
Now it's time to add language to that mix of skills, says a new University of Washington-led study. (disabled-world.com)
While there is considerable research on how children develop specific skills over time, much of that research is focused on patterns of learning within a single subject area, like math or reading. (disabled-world.com)
Researchers in the UW study wanted to determine whether there are relationships between skills when considered in combination, and to think about how these combined abilities might predict gains, or growth, above what might be expected based on the skills the child demonstrates when they first enter a kindergarten classroom. (disabled-world.com)
3. Achieve (12 to 15 years old): They will reach a new level of language comprehension and gain useful real-world skills. (berlitz.com)
After completing our summer program, your child will have the skills to communicate in their new language as well as a broader cultural understanding. (berlitz.com)
We also believe in celebrating achievements at Berlitz and all our summer language camps include a Celebration of Skills and Certificate at the end of the program. (berlitz.com)
These gaps have been further impacted by the pandemic, with 1.5 million children now at risk of not developing the spoken language skills they need. (rcslt.org)
Dr. Diane L. Putnick from Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, in Bethesda, Maryland, said the new results "corroborate our findings from the Bavarian Longitudinal Study, which also showed that very preterm children had significant language deficits compared to term controls, and that language skills were delayed from infancy to 8 years. (medscape.com)

Syntactic variations in spoken language include repetitions, ellipsis, word order variation and incomplete sentences. (wikipedia.org)
In the absence of visual input, occipital ("visual") brain regions respond to sound and spoken language. (jneurosci.org)
By contrast, occipital responses to spoken language were maximal by age 4 and were not related to Braille learning. (jneurosci.org)
These findings suggest that occipital plasticity for spoken language is independent of plasticity for Braille and for sound. (jneurosci.org)
We conclude that in the absence of visual input, spoken language colonizes the visual system during brain development. (jneurosci.org)
The "visual" cortex of adults who are blind from birth responds to touch, sound, and spoken language. (jneurosci.org)
We used fMRI to study the emergence of "visual" cortex responses to sound and spoken language in blind children and adolescents. (jneurosci.org)
With regard to timing, one possibility is that occipital responses to spoken language emerge in adulthood or late childhood. (jneurosci.org)
The statement outlines the negative impact of poorer spoken language, particularly following the pandemic, and urges the Government to take action. (rcslt.org)
RCSLT are thrilled to join Voice 21 and I CAN in highlighting the centrality of spoken language to children's attainment and life chances. (rcslt.org)
This gap only widens with time, and children who have difficulties with spoken language fall further behind as they progress through school. (rcslt.org)
Oral language interventions have been shown to effectively address these issues by supporting the development of spoken language. (rcslt.org)

While every child develops at slightly different rates, there are general age-range markers. (cookchildrens.org)
Every child develops at his or her own pace, and parents often have questions about speech development and what's typical when a child begins to grow and develop. (craigdailypress.com)
One in ten children develops a hearing problem at some time. (investinkids.ca)

Depending on the language domain, children born very preterm had 2.1- to 8.1-fold greater odds of having an impairment, compared with term controls. (medscape.com)
Dr. Thuy Mai Luu from CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, in Canada, who has studied various aspects of language development in preemies, told Reuters Health by email, "The elevated rate of language impairment in very preterm children is disturbing. (medscape.com)

Practices and applies the design, implementation, justification and evaluation of speech and language intervention for children using principles of evidence-based practice and family centred practice at novice-level. (edu.au)
We also need to develop early-intervention programs that are language-focused (stimulation of the early precursors of language development, such as parent-infant interactions)," she added. (medscape.com)
If language appears to be delayed early on, physicians should recommend intervention and not take the 'wait-and-see' approach. (medscape.com)

Children who start therapy early (before they're 5 years old) tend to have better results than those who begin later. (kidshealth.org)
When we were founded nearly 15 years ago, we set out to offer children in the South Bronx something they never had before," said the network's founder Lester Long. (nypost.com)
I can remember being impressed some years ago with the linguistic analysis of babies' language by using nipples connected to computers to register sucking. (omniglot.com)
1. Discover (4 to 7 years old): They will discover the world around them by learning a new language. (berlitz.com)
Nineteen blind and 40 sighted children and adolescents (4-17 years old) listened to stories and two auditory control conditions (unfamiliar foreign speech, and music). (jneurosci.org)
The participants in this pilot study were 30 children between the ages of 7;11 and 11 years. (srce.hr)
Children with DLD who participated in this study had been enrolled in speech and language therapy for several years. (srce.hr)
He then plays a video, which shows the woman standing in a small village near a bucket of water and a cup, with a small child, perhaps only 3 years old. (cim3.net)
But this scene is very typical for the increasing tendencies of Sinicization (Zhongguohua) of religion, culture and language of minorities in China during the past years which I experiences myself, no matter whether Mongolians, Uighurs, Tibetans or others. (upenn.edu)
Children build a vocabulary of approximately 50 words by the time they are two years old. (investinkids.ca)
For example, if your child is 2 years old and not talking in two to three-word phrases, he or she does not have a vocabulary of 50-100 words. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Children born very preterm have language difficulties that persist at least to age 13 years without evidence of catching up with other children, researchers report. (medscape.com)
In the current study, they examined language functioning at age 13 years and the developmental trajectory of language functioning from the ages of 2 to 13 years in 179 children born very preterm and 61 term controls. (medscape.com)
The very-preterm group showed significantly lower language functioning than term controls across the ages of 2, 5, 7 and 13 years with little evidence of variation in the average level of language function with age. (medscape.com)
Child maltreatment is the abuse and neglect of people under 18 years of age. (who.int)
3 hours) use of general anesthetic and sedation drugs during surgeries or procedures in children younger than 3 years or in pregnant women in the third trimester may affect the child's developing brain, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned today in a Safety Communication. (medscape.com)
Child labor constitutes a major public health concern, with estimates that worldwide 110 million children aged 5-14 years are engaged in labor that can be described as "hazardous or intolerable. (cdc.gov)
The rate of overweight and obesity in Iranian children (aged 0-18 years) has increased from 5.5% in 2000 to 15.1% in 2013 (7). (who.int)

Our Berlitz language courses for children and teenagers not only foster your child's development but also open the door to global opportunities for them. (berlitz.com)

Also featuring English sentences for each sign, the Gallaudet Children's Dictionary stands alone as the best, most entertaining ASL reference volume for deaf and hearing children alike. (booksamillion.com)
Face-to-face sign language interpreting and telecommunication devices for the deaf (TDD/TTY). (chop.edu)
These tools and services include interpreters for the deaf, American Sign Language interpreters, real-time translation, telecommunication devices (TTY), voice carry-over and amplified telephones, video phones, telephone and video relay services, assisted listening devices, and/or closed captioned television to assist with communication and interpretation between deaf or hard of hearing patients and/or their family and hospital staff. (chop.edu)

More recent leading edge research - especially in neuroscience technology that measures magnetic fields generated by the activity of brain cells -is helping us to investigate how, where and with what frequency babies from around the world process speech sounds in the brain when they are listening to adults speak in both their native and non-native languages. (omniglot.com)
With fewer inhibitions than adults, children can absorb the nuances of a foreign language and they're often able to speak without an accent. (berlitz.com)
Providing support and care for children and adults who have difficulties with communication. (rcslt.org)
Research at the Humanities Laboratory in Lund has refuted the myth that children find it easier to learn languages than adults. (lu.se)
The studies show that children and adults are both just as good at identifying new words and understanding their meaning when they hear a foreign language for the first time. (lu.se)
The usual explanation for young children's ability to learn to speak two languages fluently is that they are better learners than adults. (lu.se)
The results showed that the children did neither better nor worse than the adults. (lu.se)
It is a myth that children have more flexible brains than adults. (lu.se)
With the extensive oversampling of blacks, Mexican Americans, young children and older adults in NHANES III, it is IMPERATIVE that sample weights be used in all analyses in order to interpret the findings correctly. (cdc.gov)

Researcher-curated dictionaries/style guides create an always-dated image of youth language that misses the way young people actually speak, because that youth language evolves too quickly to be reflected in formal research. (wikipedia.org)
If your child can't read, speak, or \understand English well, his IEP team must ensure that his language needs are identified and met. (wrightslaw.com)
To investigate the way parents speak to infants and compare their communication style across different languages and cultures. (sfu.ca)
Do your kids speak two languages? (rte.ie)
So many kids in Irish schools speak more than one language every day - from Irish to Arabic, Polish to French. (rte.ie)
We speak all of these love languages, but some are more important to us than others. (mabelslabels.com)
Each lesson is interactive and full immersion, meaning that the teacher and students speak only in the target language. (berlitz.com)
Nowadays it's quite common for people to speak more than one language. (hanen.org)
Here in Toronto, there are many families who speak a language other than English at home with their children. (hanen.org)
These children's first language is the one they speak at home, and they then learn English as their second language. (hanen.org)
First of all, parents should speak to their child in a language they are 100% comfortable with. (hanen.org)
Also, interactions with the child may suffer as it's difficult to be responsive when trying to speak a language with which you are not comfortable. (hanen.org)
If you speak another language, assistance services, free of charge, are available to you. (stjude.org)
It has been called "bilingual education" in the state's official documents: the children in the elementary schools above all have to learn to speak and write Chinese and internalize Han-Chinese values - deliberately letting them forget their own language and writing, own history and literature. (upenn.edu)
WASHINGTON, JULY 14, 2021 - Children learn more and are more likely to stay in school if they are first taught in a language that they speak and understand. (worldbank.org)
The new LoI report notes that when children are first taught in a language that they speak and understand, they learn more, are better placed to learn other languages, are able to learn other subjects such as math and science, are more likely to stay in school, and enjoy a school experience appropriate to their culture and local circumstances. (worldbank.org)
But the calamity started Jerifa and her brother, Raju 12, on a path that eventually led them to schools nearly 2,000 miles (3,218 kilometers) away in Bengaluru, where people speak the Kannada language that is so different from the children's native Bangla. (wreg.com)

According to findings from this study, it seems important to emphasize the importance of phonological exercises parallel with exercises focused on vocabulary span in work with children with DLD. (srce.hr)

Barbara Lust discusses her research on language development, exploring such questions as when and how do children acquire language and what are the effects of acquiring more than one language at once. (cornell.edu)
There is clearly some genetic foundation that enables human beings to acquire language. (omniglot.com)

We provide feeding and swallowing evaluations (described below) if there are concerns about your child being able to eat and drink safely, without food or liquids going into their lungs when they swallow (aspirating). (seattlechildrens.org)

Heinrich Löffler refers to Jugendsprache as a transitory non-standard language ("Lebensalter-Sprache": "age-language") with attention to the time period. (wikipedia.org)
If your child needs test accommodations that are allowed for general ed students with limited English proficiency (e.g. increased time, translating directions into the student's native language, etc.), you need to ensure that these accommodations are written into his IEP. (wrightslaw.com)
While they initially question the devotion of time to a bygone language, network teachers said students soon become absorbed in the distant worlds of Aristotle and Plato. (nypost.com)
Teacher Chris Perednia said kids - especially Spanish speakers - are stunned to recognize the direct connection of their native tongue to the time of gladiators and the Roman Coliseum. (nypost.com)
Parents give kids The Talk, but often see it as a sweaty, one-time experience. (lifehacker.com)
You will be thanked for your time with a gift packet containing a $10 gift card and a child-sized t-shirt with our laboratory logo on it! (sfu.ca)
At a time when so much focus is on math and science education, it is language that deserves attention, too. (disabled-world.com)
Research has shown that childhood is the best time to learn a language. (berlitz.com)
Here, we examined the time course and developmental mechanism of this plasticity in blind children. (jneurosci.org)
Over time vision might eliminate these non-visual responses in sighted children, whereas they are maintained in children who are blind. (jneurosci.org)
Research has shown that children who spend more time in responsive interactions with their parents tend to have bigger vocabularies [1]. (hanen.org)
The number of single words children understand increases rapidly during this time, and children begin to put words and routines together. (investinkids.ca)
Allow time for your child to try to imitate or copy the words you are modeling. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
If physicians' children are nearly the same age as the deceased patient, physicians may realize suddenly, perhaps for the very first time, the possibility of losing their own children. (medscape.com)

German youth language or Youth Communication (German: Jugendsprache) describes the linguistic patterns and characteristics used by German adolescents. (wikipedia.org)
Students are fascinated to discover the Latin origins of much of modern day language and quickly sense a newfound power in their deepened linguistic comprehension. (nypost.com)
Four cross-linguistic populations of children were studied, including Spanish and French, French and English, Russian and French, and Sign Language and French. (eurekalert.org)

It is estimated that by 2025, the prevalence of overweight in preschool children will increase to 11% worldwide (6). (who.int)

Language background: monolingual (English-only) families welcome! (sfu.ca)
Language background: monolingual (English-only) or bilingual (English + Cantonese/Mandarin) families welcome! (sfu.ca)
It's a chance to show a few words of your language, to start a conversation about the culture that shaped you and, hopefully, this can make everyone feel better about sharing the things that make their families unique too. (rte.ie)
Your gift today brings hope, comfort and the prospect of brighter tomorrows to children and their families. (childrensmercy.org)
These families engage, or are required to engage, with child protection social workers. (peterlang.com)
What can families do at home to facilitate speech and language development? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
After the death of a child, families often have strong crisis and grief reactions. (medscape.com)
Health and safety professionals, farm families, and media can benefit from visiting the following Spanish-language resources. (cdc.gov)

We see children referred for an assessment for eating and drinking or swallowing from an acute setting (i.e. hospital inpatient) within 48 hours and within 2 to 4 weeks from the community. (www.gov.je)
We endeavour to see children referred to our team for an assessment of their speech, language and communication within 13 to 20 weeks of receipt of referral. (www.gov.je)
A speech or language delay is identified through an evaluation, which typically consists of a parent interview, standardized testing, informal assessment and thorough chart review. (craigdailypress.com)
The purpose of the present study was to describe the methodology for translation to Portuguese (Brazil) of three child temperament assessment instruments based on Rothbart's theoretical approach. (bvsalud.org)

Should the special education and related services he needs be provided in his native language? (wrightslaw.com)
If your child has a disability, his IEP team makes decisions about how his language affects his needs for special education and related services. (wrightslaw.com)
You need a comprehensive evaluation of your child that clarifies his needs for specific language services. (wrightslaw.com)
We also team up with others in the community to improve speech and language services for all children. (seattlechildrens.org)
After your child's evaluation, our experts connect you and your child with services in the community and at your child's school. (seattlechildrens.org)
It supports the needs for speech and language services for these children. (medscape.com)
A recent study by CDC and the Health Resources and Services Administration indicates that 1.8 million more children were born with a developmental disability in 2006-2008 than 1996-1998. (cdc.gov)
The IDEA data provides information on children receiving government services but does not take into account the general population or all children with disabilities. (cdc.gov)

State associations for speech-language pathology and audiology also keep listings of licensed and certified therapists. (kidshealth.org)

Once parents have figured out their love language, it can change the temperament of their kids, make discipline easier, and make the household a little calmer. (mabelslabels.com)
International research has increasingly considered temperament as a relevant personal variable in child developmental pathways. (bvsalud.org)

My 17 yr old adopted Ukrainian son was denied SLD eligibility due to "limited English proficiency," although the neuropsych provided a Russian/English eval that indicated SLD in both languages. (wrightslaw.com)

and (2) data collection in more than one language context. (cambridge.org)
Analysis of the data shows a strong tendency for the language of the child's utterances to match that of the context at ages 1;7-1;8. (cambridge.org)
As such, the author employs a progressive approach to develop understanding of child protection issues within the context of asylum-seeking communities. (peterlang.com)
The pragmatics (context information including visual information about the scene and gestures) enables understanding the semantics of speech, when a child is learning a language and doesn't yet understand syntax. (cim3.net)
Psychometric Properties and Factorial Structure of Postpartum-Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) Within Arabic Language in a Palestinian Context. (bvsalud.org)
The current study aimed to test the psychometric properties and the factorial structure within the Arabic language in a Palestinian context using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). (bvsalud.org)

While Red Cloud's youngest learners participate in a full language immersion program, other students have the opportunity to practice Lakȟóta in the garden. (kidsgardening.org)

Autism can affect the way a child behaves, thinks, communicates and interacts with others. (seattlechildrens.org)
Being responsive means letting the child start and lead the conversation and then responding with interest and enthusiasm to whatever the child communicates (with or without words). (hanen.org)

But children clearly have powerful learning mechanisms, largely triggered by social interaction, that enable them to learn the specific properties of their own language. (omniglot.com)
Language - the ability to fluidly learn words and to string them together into sentences - was the hands-down winner, said co-author Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, director of the Infant Language Laboratory at Temple University. (disabled-world.com)
Give your child the opportunity to learn a new language with a group of children from all over the world. (berlitz.com)
Children learn language as they interact and play with the important people in their lives on a daily basis. (hanen.org)
This gives your child opportunities to hear and learn the words that express his interests. (hanen.org)
Studies have shown that children are more likely to learn the names of objects when their parents follow their lead and create responsive interactions based on their child's interests, as opposed to when their parents redirect their child's attention to other things [1]. (hanen.org)
In order to learn language, children need to hear a lot of language. (hanen.org)
Any activity is an opportunity for language learning - you can talk about what foods you both like to eat as you prepare snacks, talk about the characters and their actions when you share books together, and think of the new words your child can learn from a visit to the doctor's office (stethoscope, thermometer, scale). (hanen.org)
Children learn words best during meaningful activities in everyday life. (hanen.org)
This is how kids learn . (techdirt.com)
Kids learn to play music by copying the music that they know. (techdirt.com)
A child given no instruction will mimic what he/she sees, and learn. (techdirt.com)
It must be this way because there is arguably no 'universal grammar' that specifies the syntax of all natural languages, yet any infant with normal intelligence can learn any natural language, if it is raised by a parent who speaks that language. (cim3.net)
So very young children have to use pragmatic information to learn the semantics of speech in a language, and to also gradually learn the syntax. (cim3.net)
Yet, an estimated 37 percent of students in low- and middle-income countries are required to learn in a different language, putting them at a significant disadvantage throughout their school life and limiting their learning potential. (worldbank.org)
Even before the pandemic, many education systems put their students at a disadvantage by requiring children to learn in languages they do not know well - and, in far too many cases, in languages they do not know at all. (worldbank.org)
But to learn a new language properly, it is of course best to travel to a country where the language is spoken. (lu.se)

Children must be proficient in English before they can become proficient in other subjects. (wrightslaw.com)
Does he need to receive instruction in English and/or in his native language so he can participate in the general curriculum? (wrightslaw.com)
The IEP team must decide if his special ed will be provided in English or in his native language and if he needs tutoring in English in his IEP. (wrightslaw.com)
Explain to students that ESL kids songs are a valuable tool for learning English as a second language. (schooltube.com)
Parents often wonder if they should stop speaking their home language to their child when he starts attending an English daycare or school. (hanen.org)
In this case study we investigate how early a developing bilingual exposed simultaneously to English and Spanish can make appropriate language choices. (cambridge.org)
English is an alphabetic language," said Boyle. (craigdailypress.com)
A backtranslation by a professional translator was then assessed by the authors of the original (English language) instruments. (bvsalud.org)
English language learners. (cdc.gov)

The researchers studied 15 bilingual children exposed to two languages from varying ages. (eurekalert.org)
A group of American researchers recently wrote an article reviewing what we know about supporting children's language development and how this applies to children who are learning a second language [1]. (hanen.org)

These resources include: strategies to prevent injury to children and adolescents, guidelines for designing and building an outdoor safe play area on a farm, and pesticide safety information. (cdc.gov)

The teacher is visibly frustrated trying to make a Mongolian child pronounce a Chinese expression and make him recognize Chinese nationalistic emblems. (upenn.edu)
My reaction to the video of the child being forced to pronounce „guoqi" and "guohui" is not suitable for discussion on the public forum. (upenn.edu)

However, the proportion of phonological errors had a tendency of highest scores in group of children with DLD, while proportion of semantic errors was highest in TDC-y. (srce.hr)
Earlier, Dr. Anderson and colleagues reported that 7-year-old children born very preterm had worse language performance, compared with term controls, in phonological awareness, semantics, grammar, discourse and pragmatics. (medscape.com)

Our Speech and Language team evaluates children and teens who have difficulty communicating or swallowing. (seattlechildrens.org)

If you're not familiar with it, Scratch is a very simple programming "language," basically designed to teach kids how to program (or think about programming) from a young age. (techdirt.com)

The findings also indicate that late exposure to a second language coupled with restricted input, which is common in instructional classroom settings, may never allow a child full mastery in that language. (eurekalert.org)
At the age of 8, speech sounds should be developing, though each child has a range of mastery at this age. (craigdailypress.com)

We found that if children are exposed to two languages from a very early age," says Petitto, "they will essentially grow as if there were two monolinguals housed in one brain, and this will occur without any of the dreaded 'language contamination' often attributed to early bilingual exposure. (eurekalert.org)
Some experts say that a second language shouldn't be introduced until a child has a firm grasp of a primary language," says Petitto. (eurekalert.org)
The Petitto team is now studying whether bilingual children read better when they are exposed earlier in childhood to their two languages rather than later. (eurekalert.org)

Language publisher Langenscheidt has designated the German youth word of the year annually since 2008, although there is some doubt whether the selected words are in actual use. (wikipedia.org)
Through simple word games, Johnson helps her children find the right words to express feelings that different types of touch can evoke. (lifehacker.com)
If your child only echoes what they hear, or repeats words/phrases in place of normal language. (cookchildrens.org)
By nine months babies show a preference for listening to sound combinations that are possible in their language, even if the sound combinations don't form real words. (omniglot.com)
Language, in other words, supports academic and social success, says Amy Pace, an assistant professor in the UW Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences. (disabled-world.com)
Language is the ability to deploy those words and use complex syntax and grammar to communicate in speech and writing. (disabled-world.com)
If they ask what you think of something they've done or they enjoy hearing your thoughts, their primary love language is likely words of affirmation. (mabelslabels.com)
This language is praise, encouragement, and words of affection to show love. (mabelslabels.com)
These words can be incredibly meaningful for kids who love language is words of affirmation. (mabelslabels.com)
Our words mean so much to our kids, even more so when their love language is words of affirmation. (mabelslabels.com)
So again there's a disconnect between "mimicking this particular sound" and "what is this word" possibly because in the latter case, he's associating words with his own language. (upenn.edu)
It is expected that children have 10-15 words by 18 months, 15-20 words by 21 months, 50-plus words by 30 months, and 200-plus words by 35 months," said Boyle. (craigdailypress.com)
Repetition and consistent practice with articulating words can also be a great benefit for children struggling with sound development. (craigdailypress.com)
Children will now understand words, objects and actions when they are used in familiar situations. (investinkids.ca)
When a family comes in for a family evaluation, a speech language pathologist will look at the child's play, understanding of language and overall communication (gestures, sounds, words). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
By 18 months, if your child never babbled, used jargon with different sounds, played with different sounds throughout the day, and is not using single words to get his or her wants and needs known, this would be when we would recommend seeking a speech and language evaluation. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

We find that "visual" cortices of young blind (but not sighted) children respond to sound. (jneurosci.org)
The young child picks up the cup, fills it with water from the bucket, and gives it to her mother. (cim3.net)
This is the new and updated "For the Strength of Youth: A Guide for Making Choices," a printed and digital pamphlet aimed at young members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. (sltrib.com)
Instead, the new "For the Strength of Youth: A Guide for Making Choices" stresses the "values, principles and doctrine" young Latter-day Saints can use to make decisions for themselves. (sltrib.com)
We urge the Government to make this part of any efforts to recover children's education following the pandemic, so all children and young people are able to achieve their potential, both in school and life. (rcslt.org)
In 2010, the FDA formed a partnership with the International Anesthesia Research Society called SmartTots (Strategies for Mitigating Anesthesia-Related neuroToxicity in Tots) to fund additional research to better understand the safe use of these drugs in young children and pregnant women. (medscape.com)
We hope that this information helps enable the most informed medical decisions possible about the use of anesthesia in young children and pregnant women. (medscape.com)

Kids who feel valued are more likely to find an emotionally healthy relationship. (mabelslabels.com)
To love your child the way they need to receive love, you must find their love language. (mabelslabels.com)

However, a child's two languages can and will flourish, even if exposure comes at a relatively late age if they have extensive exposure to both languages. (eurekalert.org)
And for children learning more than one language, this means that they need a lot of exposure to both of their languages. (hanen.org)
It means providing enough exposure to both languages. (hanen.org)
Further study is needed to "fully characterize how early life anesthetic exposure might affect children's brain development, particularly for more lengthy or repeated exposures and in more vulnerable children," they note. (medscape.com)

It is possible that there was a proto-language that covered some aspects of telegraph speech and noun compounds, or it is possible that language is acquired verb first. (cim3.net)

In all the ways we touch our kids, play with our kids and engage their senses, Johnson argues that we can teach them "what it feels like to be present in their body and to know when they're not. (lifehacker.com)
Play a popular ESL kids song and have students listen attentively. (schooltube.com)
Number of exposures to the new word in children with DLD can play a significant role in speed of processing but it can also lead to overlearning affecting research outcomes. (srce.hr)
If you can set aside 10-15 minutes per day of uninterrupted play with your child to connect, this will benefit their language, mood and connection with you," said Boyle. (craigdailypress.com)
Play with your child. (craigdailypress.com)

HANOVER, N.H. - A Dartmouth research team has determined that bilingual children exposed to two languages early in life are not language delayed, nor are they language confused, which fuels the scientific and political debate over when to introduce children to a second language. (eurekalert.org)
We've created some tips on promoting children's second language learning based on their suggestions. (hanen.org)
This also applies to learning a first or second language. (hanen.org)
Learning a second language doesn't mean abandoning the first language. (hanen.org)
The same applies to his second language. (hanen.org)
Moreover, this lays the strongest foundation for learning in a second language later on in school. (worldbank.org)

But NLs are not formal languages. (cim3.net)
The suitcase is now filling up with school exercise books - and the parents, neither with any formal education, said their lives center on ensuring their kids have more opportunities. (wreg.com)

But as others have mentioned, I don't think the point is to teach the kid Mandarin. (upenn.edu)

For this study, published online April 30 in Early Childhood Research Quarterly, Pace and her colleagues from Temple University, the University of Delaware and the University of North Carolina examined longitudinal data from more than 1,200 children in the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development's Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. (disabled-world.com)

The language their parents grew up with and share with them in daily life. (rte.ie)
Parents tend to show love to their kids in the ways they wish to receive love themselves. (mabelslabels.com)
Parents need to be intentional about how they love their kids. (mabelslabels.com)
If parents aren't fully fluent in a language, they won't provide the best language input. (hanen.org)
Colleen Boyle, a speech language pathologist at UCHealth SportsMed Pediatric Therapy Clinic in Steamboat Springs, helps to clarify questions that parents may have regarding speech development in children. (craigdailypress.com)
How early should parents start to look for the above speech and language concerns? (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Physicians with children may also identify with the parents' loss. (medscape.com)
1) 'I Didn't Know' campaign educates parents about ATV risks for children. (cdc.gov)
In many cases where children have been injured or killed in an ATV incident, parents were unaware that: a) ATVs can weigh up to 800 pounds. (cdc.gov)
Most childhood injuries and deaths on farms and ranches occur when children are with parents in a work area, either helping with chores or playing. (cdc.gov)

Diseases3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Psychiatry and Psychology13

Phenomena and Processes1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science13

Named Groups2

Health Care1

Mandarin and English single word processing studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging. (1/279)

Child outcomes when child care center classes meet recommended standards for quality. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2/279)

Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. (3/279)

Effect of early or delayed insertion of tympanostomy tubes for persistent otitis media on developmental outcomes at the age of three years. (4/279)

Signing and lexical development in children with Down syndrome. (5/279)

Exposure to Reach Out and Read and vocabulary outcomes in inner city preschoolers. (6/279)

Methods for characterizing participants' nonmainstream dialect use in child language research. (7/279)

An infant-based assessment of early lexicon acquisition. (8/279)

Child Language

Language Development

Language Development Disorders

Language Tests

Vocabulary

Speech

Language Disorders

Sign Language

Programming Languages

Language Therapy

Natural Language Processing

Linguistics

Language Arts

Child Welfare

Child Behavior

Disabled Children

Semantics

Verbal Behavior

Unified Medical Language System

Psycholinguistics

Comprehension

Phonetics

Child Health Services

Child Rearing

Reading

Child Behavior Disorders

Child Psychology

Communication Barriers

Speech Disorders

Schizophrenic Language

Child, Institutionalized

Mandarin and English single word processing studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging. (1/279)

Child outcomes when child care center classes meet recommended standards for quality. NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. (2/279)

Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. (3/279)

Effect of early or delayed insertion of tympanostomy tubes for persistent otitis media on developmental outcomes at the age of three years. (4/279)

Signing and lexical development in children with Down syndrome. (5/279)

Exposure to Reach Out and Read and vocabulary outcomes in inner city preschoolers. (6/279)

Methods for characterizing participants' nonmainstream dialect use in child language research. (7/279)

An infant-based assessment of early lexicon acquisition. (8/279)

Developmental Language Disorder3

Contexts4

Literacy7

Therapist5

Peers5

Disorders12

Receptive1

Disorder6

20231

Milestones6

Expressive1

Impairments1

Acquisition6

Labour1

Pediatrics3

Cognitive4

Bilingual language exposure1

Children's Speech2

Hears3

Skills14

Spoken language12

Develops3

Impairment2

Intervention3

Years18

Child's development1

Deaf3

Adults9

Speak17

Vocabulary1

Acquire language2

Concerns about your child1

Time14

Linguistic3

Preschool1

Families8

Assessment4

Services8

Audiology1

Temperament2

Limited English Pro1