Inulin
Echinops Plant
Chicory
Shiitake Mushrooms
Pectobacterium chrysanthemi
Phloroglucinol
Plant Roots
Betula
Plant Leaves
Plant Extracts
beta-Fructofuranosidase
Biota
Expressed Sequence Tags
Fatty Acids, Volatile
RNA, Plant
Tissue Culture Techniques
Ileum
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Plant Proteins
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Seasons
Feces
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Molecular Sequence Data
Cloning, Molecular
Gene Expression Profiling
Plant fructans stabilize phosphatidylcholine liposomes during freeze-drying. (1/73)
Fructans have been implicated as protective agents in the drought and freezing tolerance of many plant species. A direct proof of their ability to stabilize biological structures under stress conditions, however, is still lacking. Here we show that inulins (linear fructose polymers) isolated from chicory roots and dahlia tubers stabilize egg phosphatidylcholine large unilamellar vesicles during freeze-drying, while another polysaccharide, hydroxyethyl starch, was completely ineffective. Liposome stability was assessed after rehydration by measuring retention of the soluble fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein and bilayer fusion. Inulin was an especially effective stabilizer in combination with glucose. Analysis by HPLC showed that the commercial inulin preparations used in our study contained no low molecular mass sugars that could be responsible for the observed stabilizing effect of the fructans. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed a reduction of the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature of dry egg PtdCho by more than 20 degrees C in the presence of inulin. A direct interaction of inulin with the phospholipid in the dry state was also indicated by dramatic differences in the phosphate asymmetric stretch region of the infrared spectrum between samples with and without the polysaccharide. (+info)Fn-type chicory inulin hydrolysate has a prebiotic effect in humans. (2/73)
The partial enzymatic hydrolysis of chicory inulin (GFn; 2 < or =n < or =60) yields an oligofructose preparation that is composed of both GFn-type and Fn-type oligosaccharides (2 < or =n < or =7; 2 < or =m < or =7), where G is glucose, F is fructose, and n is the number of beta(2-->1) bound fructose moieties. Human studies have shown that feeding GFn-type oligomers significantly modifies the composition of the fecal microflora especially by increasing the number of bifidobacteria. The experiments reported here were used to test the hypothesis that the Fn-type molecules have the same property. During a controlled feeding study, 8 volunteers (5 females and 3 males) consumed 8 g/d of an Fn-rich product for up to 5 wk. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed for total anaerobes, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, bacteroides, coliforms and Clostridium perfringens. Both 2 and 5 wk of oligofructose feeding resulted in a selective increase in bifidobacteria (P<0.01). In addition, a daily intake of 8 g of the Fn-type oligofructose preparation reduced fecal pH and caused little intestinal discomfort. (+info)Nitrate assimilation in chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) which acquire radial growth. (3/73)
Nitrate assimilation was analysed in chicory plants (Cichorium intybus L. cv. Turbo) during the early vegetative growth. Nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) activity (NRA) was measured in roots and leaves at different developmental stages. During phase I, which corresponds to the structural growth (21-42 DAS), nitrate reduction mainly occurred in the roots. At the onset of the tuber formation (phase II), which is characterized by the formation of a cambium inducing a radial growth (42-63 DAS), NRA rapidly decreased in roots and developed in leaves. A tight correlation was found between the nitrate content, the amino acid level and NRA in roots and leaves. Northern blot and ELISA analysis showed that both levels of NR mRNA and NR protein were not modified during the time-course of the experiment suggesting that modification of nitrate assimilation was not controlled at a transcriptional level. In vitro NRA assayed in presence of either Mg2+ ions or EDTA showed that NR was influenced at least in part by a reversible phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reaction. Okadaic acid, a serine-threonine protein phosphatases inhibitor, strongly decreased NRA. Conversely, staurosporine, a serine-threonine protein kinases inhibitor, did not significantly change NRA in roots or leaves. Therefore, NRA was regulated at a post-translational level during the early vegetative growth by modifying the phosphorylation balance of the NR protein in chicory. (+info)Relative effects on virulence of mutations in the sap, pel, and hrp loci of Erwinia chrysanthemi. (4/73)
We constructed strains of Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16 with multiple mutations involving three virulence systems in this bacterium, namely pel (coding for the major pectate lyases pelABCE), hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity), and sap (sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides). The relative effects on virulence of those mutations have been analyzed on potato tubers and chicory leaves. In potato tubers, the sap mutation (BT105) had a greater effect in the reduction of the virulence than the pel (CUCPB5006) and hrp (CUCPB5039) mutations. This reduction was similar to that observed in the pel-hrp double mutant (CUCPB5037). The analysis of the strains affected in Pel-Sap (BT106), Hrp-Sap (BT107), and Pel-Hrp-Sap (BT108) suggested that the effects of these mutations are additive. In chicory leaves, the mutation in the sap locus appeared to have a greater effect than in potato tubers. The competitive indices of strains BT105, UM1005 (Pel-), CUCPB5039, and CUCPB5037 have been estimated in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that the mutation in the hrp locus can be complemented in vivo by coinfection, whereas the mutations in pel and sap cannot. (+info)Biosynthesis of germacrene A carboxylic acid in chicory roots. Demonstration of a cytochrome P450 (+)-germacrene a hydroxylase and NADP+-dependent sesquiterpenoid dehydrogenase(s) involved in sesquiterpene lactone biosynthesis. (5/73)
Sprouts of chicory (Cichorium intybus), a vegetable grown in the dark, have a slightly bitter taste associated with the presence of guaianolides, eudesmanolides, and germacranolides. The committed step in the biosynthesis of these compounds is catalyzed by a (+)-germacrene A synthase. Formation of the lactone ring is the postulated next step in biosynthesis of the germacrene-derived sesquiterpene lactones. The present study confirms this hypothesis by isolation of enzyme activities from chicory roots that introduce a carboxylic acid function in the germacrene A isopropenyl side chain, which is necessary for lactone ring formation. (+)-germacrene A is hydroxylated to germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol by a cytochrome P450 enzyme, and is subsequently oxidized to germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid by NADP+-dependent dehydrogenase(s). Both oxidized germacrenes were detected as their Cope-rearrangement products elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-ol and elema-1,3,11(13)-trien-12-oic acid, respectively. The cyclization products of germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol, i.e. costol, were also observed. The (+)-germacrene A hydroxylase is inhibited by carbon monoxide (blue-light reversible), has an optimum pH at 8.0, and hydroxylates beta-elemene with a modest degree of enantioselectivity. (+info)Osmoregulated periplasmic glucan synthesis is required for Erwinia chrysanthemi pathogenicity. (6/73)
Erwinia chrysanthemi is a phytopathogenic enterobacterium causing soft rot disease in a wide range of plants. Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are intrinsic components of the gram-negative bacterial envelope. We cloned the opgGH operon of E. chrysanthemi, encoding proteins involved in the glucose backbone synthesis of OPGs, by complementation of the homologous locus mdoGH of Escherichia coli. OpgG and OpgH show a high level of similarity with MdoG and MdoH, respectively, and mutations in the opgG or opgH gene abolish OPG synthesis. The opg mutants exhibit a pleiotropic phenotype, including overproduction of exopolysaccharides, reduced motility, bile salt hypersensitivity, reduced protease, cellulase, and pectate lyase production, and complete loss of virulence. Coinoculation experiments support the conclusion that OPGs present in the periplasmic space of the bacteria are necessary for growth in the plant host. (+info)Defoliation induces fructan 1-exohydrolase II in Witloof chicory roots. Cloning and purification of two isoforms, fructan 1-exohydrolase IIa and fructan 1-exohydrolase IIb. Mass fingerprint of the fructan 1-exohydrolase II enzymes. (7/73)
The cloning of two highly homologous chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum cv Flash) fructan 1-exohydrolase cDNAs (1-FEH IIa and 1-FEH IIb) is described. Both isoenzymes could be purified from forced chicory roots as well as from the etiolated "Belgian endive" leaves where the 1-FEH IIa isoform is present in higher concentrations. Full-length cDNAs were obtained by a combination of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR and 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends using primers based on N-terminal and conserved amino acid sequences. 1-FEH IIa and 1-FEH IIb cDNA-derived amino acid sequences are most homologous to a new group of plant glycosyl hydrolases harboring cell wall-type enzymes with acid isoelectric points. Unlike the observed expression profiles of chicory 1-FEH I, northern analysis revealed that 1-FEH II is expressed when young chicory plants are defoliated, suggesting that this enzyme can be induced at any developmental stage when large energy supplies are necessary (regrowth after defoliation). (+info)A glutathione S-transferase cDNA identified by mRNA differential display is upregulated during somatic embryogenesis in Cichorium. (8/73)
CHI-GST1, a cDNA encoding a glutathione S-transferase, was isolated by differential display in leaf tissues of chicory, during the early stages of somatic embryogenesis. Expression analysis of the gene by Northern blot indicated that the transcript accumulation is specific of the leaf developing somatic embryogenesis and is not observed in leaf tissue of the non-embryogenic cultivar. (+info)There are several different types of conjunctivitis, including:
1. Allergic conjunctivitis: This type is caused by an allergic reaction and is more common in people who have a history of allergies.
2. Bacterial conjunctivitis: This type is caused by a bacterial infection and is often accompanied by a thick discharge and redness of the eye.
3. Viral conjunctivitis: This type is caused by a viral infection and is highly contagious.
4. Chemical conjunctivitis: This type is caused by exposure to chemicals or foreign objects, such as smoke, dust, or pollen.
5. Irritant conjunctivitis: This type is caused by exposure to irritants such as chemicals or foreign objects.
Symptoms of conjunctivitis can include redness and discharge of the eye, itching, burning, and tearing. Treatment typically involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments for bacterial conjunctivitis, anti-inflammatory medication for allergic conjunctivitis, and viral conjunctivitis is usually self-limiting and requires supportive care only.
It's important to note that conjunctivitis can be highly contagious, so it's important to practice good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently, avoiding sharing personal items like towels or makeup, and not touching the eyes. If you suspect you have conjunctivitis, it's important to see a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Chicory
Chicory Tip
Woolly goat chicory
Chicory: A Colorful Tale
Matthews v Chicory Marketing Board (Vic)
Blanching (horticulture)
Thessalus of Tralles
High Guardian Spice
Kolkja
List of kākāpō
Endive
Virgin Territory (TV series)
Great Western Railway telegraphic codes
Brewed coffee
List of Asteraceae genera
Coffee preparation
Windmills in Leeuwarden
David Jones (New Zealand politician)
Nellie Wong
Carol Lee Sanchez
Danielle Colby
Camp Coffee
Wilhelm Schauman
Port Huron, Michigan
Jack Sheppard
Entrepreneurs Roundtable Accelerator
Cambrai
Pyrrhopappus
Inulin
Lettuce
Chicory • Old Dog Haven
What Is Chicory Root and What Are Its Benefits?
Chicory-Endive Roquefort and Walnut Salad Recipe - Food.com
Chicory - The Bach Centre's guide to the Bach flower remedies
chicory Archives - Earthaven Ecovillage
Chicory - REINKE IRRIGATION
Chicory Blue Press - Dalai Lama Documentary Films
What Are Chicories: Escarole, Endives, and More
Translations and interpreting - Chicory
Community Interview: Chicory - a Gentle Reader - Tia Nevitt
Search - Tag - Cafe du Monde Coffee and Chicory 24 Single Serve K Cups
Chicory (Cichorium intybus) Species Details and Allergy Info, Lincoln county, North Carolina
"Chicory in the Garden" by Dan Drost and Rachael Gibson
Plants of the Bible: Dwarf Chicory
Rossa di Tevisco Chicory Vegetable Seeds | Kings Seeds
Image Chicory (Cichorium intybus) - 450013 - Images of Plants and Gardens - botanikfoto
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CHICORY
Chicory Root | Habitual Beauty
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HopfenTreader: Chicory Brown Ale
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A Forest's Seasons - Chicory Naturalist
Wild chicory4
- A familiar summer weed to many, wild chicory has pale blue flowers, a long taproot, and saw-toothed leaves that are edible and intensely bitter, much like dandelion. (simplyrecipes.com)
- Wild chicory grows freely in the USA, so search for a tall plant with a blue flower. (homegrounds.co)
- If you can't get wild chicory, you can also use a root of endive (also from the chicory family). (homegrounds.co)
- You can choose between wild chicory and an endive that you can buy in a grocery store. (homegrounds.co)
Cichorium1
- Chicory (Cichorium intybus) is a mild allergen. (pollenlibrary.com)
Endive5
- While many have embraced eating the leaves of chicory plants-tightly packed heads of bitter leaves like endive and radicchio -you might not yet be familiar with using chicory root in foods and drinks. (eatingwell.com)
- Chicory root has an intensely rich and bitter flavor-think of how bitter even endive and radicchio leaves are-which is why we typically don't eat it on its own. (eatingwell.com)
- Escarole and frisée are members of the endive family, a type of chicory that's bold, bitter, and worth getting to know. (simplyrecipes.com)
- Chicories are part of the endive family, not the lettuce family. (simplyrecipes.com)
- Two of the most familiar chicories are escarole and curly endive (AKA frisée). (simplyrecipes.com)
Lettuce2
- On that note, I'd like to make something very clear: chicories are not lettuce! (simplyrecipes.com)
- 7. Lettuce and chicory byproducts as a source of antioxidant phenolic extracts. (nih.gov)
Inulin3
- Specifically, chicory roots are rich in a type of fiber called inulin, which is often referred to as chicory root fiber. (eatingwell.com)
- The harvested chicory is used in the production of functional fibers inulin and oligofructose under the Orafti® brand, a subsidiary of BENEO. (reinke.com)
- The line includes a range of oligofructose products, a form of partially hydrolyzed chicory root inulin. (bakingbusiness.com)
Roots4
- Chicory roots are the roots of the chicory plant that are known for being high in fiber," says Kelli McGrane, M.S., RD , owner of Kelli McGrane Nutrition, LLC. (eatingwell.com)
- Chicory root coffee is a beverage that's made from chicory roots that have been ground, roasted and brewed,' says McGrane. (eatingwell.com)
- Place the roasted chicory roots into your burr grinder and grind them with the same coarseness as you grind your coffee beans. (homegrounds.co)
- If the roots are fresh and you roasted them and ground them correctly, your chicory root coffee should have a similar taste to regular coffee. (homegrounds.co)
Radicchio2
- Chicory and radicchio are approximately 600-900 seeds per gram. (growitalian.com)
- In the UK the name Radicchio is used to describe the red and variegated leaved chicories which are relatively new here. (kingsseeds.com)
Plants2
- Since there are different varieties of chicory plants, you can choose whichever you can get. (homegrounds.co)
- AX is found in whole grains and other plants, while LCI is found in chicory root and vegetables such as onions and artichokes. (nih.gov)
SALAD1
- Combine the watercress, celeriac and chicory in a salad bowl. (astray.com)
Bitter1
- The Chicory and the Reichardia are representives of the group of 'Bitter Herbs', Maror, מרור, that are eaten at the Passover Seder. (flowersinisrael.com)
Grows1
- This kind of coffee-chicory mixture may have started in France, where chicory grows natively, and spread to other countries, including the U.S. While this tradition likely started as a way to stretch coffee grounds-which are more expensive than chicory root-some people now do it as a way to lessen the caffeine content of a cup of coffee. (eatingwell.com)
Grocery store1
- If you've seen chicory root coffee at the grocery store and been confused about what it actually is, you're not alone. (eatingwell.com)
Rotation4
- We used a very good field - 18 hectares (44 acres) of sandy soil - and the chicory continued a rotation following seed corn and sugar beets. (reinke.com)
- A rice-chicory rotation pattern ensures safe grain production and phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated paddy fields: A four-year field experiment in southern China. (bvsalud.org)
- To investigate the remediation potential of crop rotation and its effect on Cd accumulation in rice , a four-year (seven- season ) rice - chicory rotation field trial was conducted on a moderately acidic Cd-contaminated paddy soil . (bvsalud.org)
- Therefore, rice - chicory rotation and straw removal can effectively reduce Cd accumulation in subsequent rice crops, without interrupting production and simultaneously rapidly remediating Cd-contaminated soil . (bvsalud.org)
Heads1
- Wash or wipe the chicory heads and cut 1" to 2" off the base of each one. (food.com)
Blend1
- Sometimes a 2:3 chicory-to-coffee blend of is good if you want to gradually reduce your caffeine intake. (homegrounds.co)
Pieces1
- 2. Roast the chicory pieces. (homegrounds.co)
Gentle1
- I was trying to think of a tagline that described my impression of Chicory, and "a gentle reader" popped into my head. (tianevitt.com)
Products2
- Chicory root fiber is often added to commercial food products as a way to increase fiber , says McGrane. (eatingwell.com)
- More commonly known as chicory root fiber, these products provide unique functional benefits, including the ability to enhance taste, texture and processability in a variety of applications. (bakingbusiness.com)
Tender1
- Home to Chicory Lane offers a tender mix between big-city New York and small-town Langhorne, between big family drama and a faith that binds them together---for better or worse. (blogspot.com)
Beverage1
- Nestlé sells a beverage called Ricoré, which is 60% chicory and 40% coffee. (eatingwell.com)
Root coffee4
- What Is Chicory Root Coffee? (eatingwell.com)
- On its own, chicory root coffee has a similar taste and color as traditional coffee, but is a bit woodier. (eatingwell.com)
- Let's find out more about chicory root coffee and how to make it on your own. (homegrounds.co)
- Sprinkle toppings, or flavourings to enhance the aroma and serve your chicory root coffee. (homegrounds.co)
Family2
- This happens to be my favorite family of vegetables and I love nothing more than helping people make friends with produce, so it's with great pleasure that I introduce you to the wonderful world of chicories. (simplyrecipes.com)
- With Home to Chickory Lane , book one in the Chicory Inn series, Deborah Raney has created my kind of story - small-town setting, a family that I cared about, and plenty of romance and drama. (blogspot.com)
People1
- Chicory loves going for walks and meeting new people. (olddoghaven.org)
Ground4
- Once you have the ground chicory root, you can brew it and serve it in various ways. (homegrounds.co)
- You'll need your chicory to be ground so you can make proper coffee. (homegrounds.co)
- 4. Mix chicory with ground coffee. (homegrounds.co)
- Ground coffee was more than likely ground chicory. (cdc.gov)
Small1
- Chicory root also contains small amounts of vitamin B6 and manganese, although you're unlikely to eat enough of it to really get significant amounts of these nutrients. (eatingwell.com)
Parts2
- I know that chicory production in other parts of the world is an entirely different reality," he said. (reinke.com)
- The highest Cd concentration in chicory aboveground parts was 24.47 mg/kg, with an enrichment factor of 27.81. (bvsalud.org)
Leaves1
- While the root of chicory is edible, it's not really something you roast with olive oil and salt and just eat straight-up like you do the leaves. (eatingwell.com)
Good1
- Like some other types of fiber, "chicory root fiber has also been shown to be good for relieving constipation and improving blood sugar control , especially in individuals with diabetes," adds McGrane. (eatingwell.com)
Great1
- But, this flavor profile makes chicory root a great coffee substitute . (eatingwell.com)
Plant1
- Rice was planted in summers, followed by straw removal, and chicory , a Cd-enrichment plant , was planted during winter fallows. (bvsalud.org)
Interview1
- In an interview published in GrupoAgro magazine, Villagra commented that he had harvested 80 tons per hectare (32 tons per acre) of chicory in the past, followed by a somewhat lower yield. (reinke.com)
Season1
- In one recent season, Andrés Villagra harvested 91 tons of chicory per hectare (37 tons per acre) - an amount he had never before obtained - from his field in central Chile's Bío Bío region. (reinke.com)
Days1
- Since there were no observed adverse effects of chicory extract in these studies, the NOAEL for the extract is 1000 mg/kg/g administered orally for 28 days. (nih.gov)
High1
- Chicory had high regenerative capacity and was repeatedly harvested for biomass in multiple mowings, with average aboveground biomass over 2000 kg/ha in a single mowing. (bvsalud.org)
Sugar1
- Any time we had plenty of sugar beets or chicory, the aluminum pipes were not enough to cover everything - we had to move them from place to place, which was a tough job. (reinke.com)
Make5
- Chicories are spring-summer crops, and they're the easy group to make sense of. (simplyrecipes.com)
- Luckily, you can make your own chicory coffee at home. (homegrounds.co)
- Milk (optional): You will need milk if you want to make chicory café au lait (café latte), one of the famous variations of this coffee. (homegrounds.co)
- Chicory coffee is one of the many beverages you can make at home . (homegrounds.co)
- Use the chicory and coffee powder mix to make the coffee as you regularly would. (homegrounds.co)
Taste2
- If you want the taste of coffee without the caffeine stimulation, you can try with a 4:1 ratio of chicory to coffee. (homegrounds.co)
- What Does Chicory Coffee Taste Like? (homegrounds.co)
Full1
- Chicories are the most captivating leafy vegetables there are, full stop. (simplyrecipes.com)
Benefits2
- What Is Chicory Root and What Are Its Benefits? (eatingwell.com)
- Here's what you need to know about chicory root, its uses and its potential health benefits. (eatingwell.com)