Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.
The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.
The type species of GYROVIRUS, a small, non-enveloped DNA virus originally isolated from contaminated vaccines in Japan. It causes chicken infectious anemia and may possibly play a key role in hemorrhagic anemia syndrome, anemia dermatitis, and blue wing disease.
An epithelial outgrowth of the cloaca in birds similar to the thymus in mammals. It atrophies within 6 months after birth and remains as a fibrous remnant in adult birds. It is composed of lymphoid tissue and prior to involution, is the site of B-lymphocyte maturation.
Proteins obtained from species of BIRDS.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
A transmissible viral disease of birds caused by avian herpesvirus 2 (HERPESVIRUS 2, GALLID) and other MARDIVIRUS. There is lymphoid cell infiltration or lymphomatous tumor formation in the peripheral nerves and gonads, but may also involve visceral organs, skin, muscle, and the eye.
A group of transmissible viral diseases of chickens and turkeys. Liver tumors are found in most forms, but tumors can be found elsewhere.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.
The type species of ALPHARETROVIRUS producing latent or manifest lymphoid leukosis in fowl.
'Gizzard', in a medical context, is a term rarely used but can refer to the muscular stomach of a bird, responsible for grinding and macerating food with the aid of ingested pebbles or grit.
"Ducks" is not a recognized medical term or condition in human health; it may refer to various anatomical structures in animals, such as the ducks of the heart valves, but it does not have a standalone medical definition.
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Food products manufactured from poultry.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
An acute febrile, contagious, viral disease of birds caused by an AVULAVIRUS called NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS. It is characterized by respiratory and nervous symptoms in fowl and is transmissible to man causing a severe, but transient conjunctivitis.
A dilated cavity extended caudally from the hindgut. In adult birds, reptiles, amphibians, and many fishes but few mammals, cloaca is a common chamber into which the digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts discharge their contents. In most mammals, cloaca gives rise to LARGE INTESTINE; URINARY BLADDER; and GENITALIA.
Large woodland game BIRDS in the subfamily Meleagridinae, family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. Formerly they were considered a distinct family, Melegrididae.
A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 9 and neuraminidase 2. The H9N2 subtype usually infects domestic birds (POULTRY) but there have been some human infections reported.
A genus of the family RETROVIRIDAE with type C morphology, that causes malignant and other diseases in wild birds and domestic fowl.
Ducts that serve exclusively for the passage of eggs from the ovaries to the exterior of the body. In non-mammals, they are termed oviducts. In mammals, they are highly specialized and known as FALLOPIAN TUBES.
Group of alpharetroviruses (ALPHARETROVIRUS) producing sarcomata and other tumors in chickens and other fowl and also in pigeons, ducks, and RATS.
Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.
The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.
Flat keratinous structures found on the skin surface of birds. Feathers are made partly of a hollow shaft fringed with barbs. They constitute the plumage.
Fleshy and reddish outgrowth of skin tissue found on top of the head, attached to the sides of the head, and hanging from the mandible of birds such as turkeys and chickens.
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
A species of bacteria that resemble small tightly coiled spirals. Its organisms are known to cause abortion in sheep and fever and enteritis in man and may be associated with enteric diseases of calves, lambs, and other animals.
The most well known avian paramyxovirus in the genus AVULAVIRUS and the cause of a highly infectious pneumoencephalitis in fowl. It is also reported to cause CONJUNCTIVITIS in humans. Transmission is by droplet inhalation or ingestion of contaminated water or food.
A species of AVIBIRNAVIRUS causing severe inflammation of the bursa of Fabricius in chickens and other fowl. Transmission is thought to be through contaminated feed or water. Vaccines have been used with varying degrees of success.
Infections with bacteria of the genus CAMPYLOBACTER.
Animal reproductive bodies, or the contents thereof, used as food. The concept is differentiated from OVUM, the anatomic or physiologic entity.
A genus of BIRDS in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES, containing the common European and other Old World QUAIL.
Animals or humans raised in the absence of a particular disease-causing virus or other microorganism. Less frequently plants are cultivated pathogen-free.
A genus of protozoan parasites of the subclass COCCIDIA. Various species are parasitic in the epithelial cells of the liver and intestines of man and other animals.
A genus in the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE, associated with malignancy in birds.
Virus diseases caused by the BIRNAVIRIDAE.
A serotype of Salmonella enterica which is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in man and other animals.
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Common name for two distinct groups of BIRDS in the order GALLIFORMES: the New World or American quails of the family Odontophoridae and the Old World quails in the genus COTURNIX, family Phasianidae.
The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.
Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "geese" is a common name for certain species of waterfowl and doesn't have a medical definition. It is not related to medical terminology or healthcare.
Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.
Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.
A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS comprised of the surface proteins hemagglutinin 5 and neuraminidase 1. The H5N1 subtype, frequently referred to as the bird flu virus, is endemic in wild birds and very contagious among both domestic (POULTRY) and wild birds. It does not usually infect humans, but some cases have been reported.
A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of COCCIDIA.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.
Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
A species of coccidian protozoa that mainly infects domestic poultry.

Monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: a clinical test of monocyte function. (1/18504)

The lack of a simple, rapid, and quantitative test of the functional activity of the monocyte has hampered studies of the contribution of this cell type to host defense and human disease. This report describes an assay of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, which depends exclusively upon the monocyte as the effector cell and therefore provides a convenient test of monocyte function. In this system, mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) obtained by Ficoll-Hypaque separation of whole blood are cytotoxic for 51Cr-labeled human erythrocyte targets coated with anti-blood group antibody. Removal of phagocytic monocytes from the MNL by iron ingestion, followed by exposure to a magnetic field, completely abolishes all cytotoxic activity from the remaining MNL population. Similarly, in severely mono-cytopenic patients with aplastic anemia, cytotoxic effector activity is absent. In normals and less severely monocytopenic aplastic anemia patients, cytotoxicity correlates significantly (p less than 0.001) with monocyte number. Application of this monocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay to the study of patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome has revealed defective monocyte cytotoxic activity in spite of normal monocyte numbers, suggesting that this test may be useful for the assessment of monocyte function in a variety of clinical situations.  (+info)

Temperature sensitivity studies on selected strains on Mycoplasma gallisepticum. (2/18504)

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG324), a tylosin resistant strain of low virulence, was compared with four other strains with respect to their survival at temperatures from 46.1 to 48.9 degrees C. MG324 was found to be more resistant than the other strains tested.  (+info)

Pathological changes in chickens, ducks and turkeys fed high levels of rapeseed oil. (3/18504)

Rations containing 25% of either regular rapeseed oil (36% erucic acid), Oro rapeseed oil (1.9% erucic acid), soybean oil or a mixture of lard and corn oil were fed to chickens, ducks and turkeys. The regular rapeseed oil ration caused growth depression, increased feed conversion and anemia in all species. All the ducks and some of the chickens fed the regular rapeseed oil ration died. These dead birds were affected with hydropericardium and ascites. No deaths in the turkeys could be attributed to the regular rapeseed oil ration but some turkeys fed this ration had degenerative foci characterized by infiltrations of histiocytic and giant cells in the myocardium. Severe fatty change in the heart, skeletal muscles, spleen and kidney was found at an early age in all birds fed the regular rapeseed oil ration. Less severe fatty change but no other lesions were found in birds fed the Oro rapeseed oil and soybean oil rations.  (+info)

p50(cdc37) acting in concert with Hsp90 is required for Raf-1 function. (4/18504)

Genetic screens in Drosophila have identified p50(cdc37) to be an essential component of the sevenless receptor/mitogen-activated kinase protein (MAPK) signaling pathway, but neither the function nor the target of p50(cdc37) in this pathway has been defined. In this study, we examined the role of p50(cdc37) and its Hsp90 chaperone partner in Raf/Mek/MAPK signaling biochemically. We found that coexpression of wild-type p50(cdc37) with Raf-1 resulted in robust and dose-dependent activation of Raf-1 in Sf9 cells. In addition, p50(cdc37) greatly potentiated v-Src-mediated Raf-1 activation. Moreover, we found that p50(cdc37) is the primary determinant of Hsp90 recruitment to Raf-1. Overexpression of a p50(cdc37) mutant which is unable to recruit Hsp90 into the Raf-1 complex inhibited Raf-1 and MAPK activation by growth factors. Similarly, pretreatment with geldanamycin (GA), an Hsp90-specific inhibitor, prevented both the association of Raf-1 with the p50(cdc37)-Hsp90 heterodimer and Raf-1 kinase activation by serum. Activation of Raf-1 via baculovirus coexpression with oncogenic Src or Ras in Sf9 cells was also strongly inhibited by dominant negative p50(cdc37) or by GA. Thus, formation of a ternary Raf-1-p50(cdc37)-Hsp90 complex is crucial for Raf-1 activity and MAPK pathway signaling. These results provide the first biochemical evidence for the requirement of the p50(cdc37)-Hsp90 complex in protein kinase regulation and for Raf-1 function in particular.  (+info)

Conserved domains and lack of evidence for polyglutamine length polymorphism in the chicken homolog of the Machado-Joseph disease gene product ataxin-3. (5/18504)

Ataxin-3 is a protein of unknown function which is mutated in Machado-Joseph disease by expansion of a genetically unstable CAG repeat encoding polyglutamine. By analysis of chicken ataxin-3 we were able to identify four conserved domains of the protein and detected widespread expression in chicken tissues. In the first such analysis in a non-primate species we found that in contrast to primates, the chicken CAG repeat is short and genetically stable.  (+info)

BLNK required for coupling Syk to PLC gamma 2 and Rac1-JNK in B cells. (6/18504)

Signaling through the B cell receptor (BCR) is essential for B cell function and development. Despite the key role of Syk in BCR signaling, little is known about the mechanism by which Syk transmits downstream effectors. BLNK (B cell LiNKer protein), a substrate for Syk, is now shown to be essential in activating phospholipase C (PLC)gamma 2 and JNK. The BCR-induced PLC gamma 2 activation, but not the JNK activation, was restored by introduction of PLC gamma 2 membrane-associated form into BLNK-deficient B cells. As JNK activation requires both Rac1 and PLC gamma 2, our results suggest that BLNK regulates the Rac1-JNK pathway, in addition to modulating PLC gamma 2 localization.  (+info)

The DNA binding activity of Translin is mediated by a basic region in the ring-shaped structure conserved in evolution. (7/18504)

DNA binding proteins, for the most part, function as dimers or tetramers which recognize their target sequences. Here we show that Translin, a novel single-stranded DNA end binding protein, forms a ring-shaped structure conserved throughout evolution and that this structure is responsible for its DNA binding activity. Point mutations at Leu184 and Leu191 in the leucine zipper motif of human Translin resulted in loss of the multimeric structure and abrogation of DNA binding. Point mutations at R86, H88, H90 to T86, N88, N90 in one of the basic regions, however, completely inhibited the DNA binding activity without affecting the multimeric structure. These results support the view that the DNA binding domain of Translin is formed in the ring-shaped structure in combination with its basic region (amino acids 86-97) polypeptides.  (+info)

Regulation of AMP deaminase from chicken erythrocytes. A kinetic study of the allosteric interactions. (8/18504)

The allosteric properties of AMP deaminase [EC 3.5.4.6] from chicken erythrocytes have been qualitatively and quantitatively accounted for by the concerted transition theory of Monod et al., on the assumption that this enzyme has different numbers of binding sites for each ligand. Theoretical curves yield a satisfactory fit for all experimental saturation functions with respect to activation by alkali metals and inhibition by Pi, assuming that the numbers of binding sites for AMP, alkali metals, and Pi are 4, 2, and 4, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by concentrations of ATP and GTP below 0.1 and 0.25 mM, respectively, whereas activation of the enzyme was observed at ATP and GTP concentrations above 0.4 and 1.5 mM, respectively. These unusual kinetics with respect to ATP and GTP could be also accounted for by assuming 2 inhibitory and 4 activating sites for each ligand.  (+info)

"Chickens" is a common term used to refer to the domesticated bird, Gallus gallus domesticus, which is widely raised for its eggs and meat. However, in medical terms, "chickens" is not a standard term with a specific definition. If you have any specific medical concern or question related to chickens, such as food safety or allergies, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate answer.

A chick embryo refers to the developing organism that arises from a fertilized chicken egg. It is often used as a model system in biological research, particularly during the stages of development when many of its organs and systems are forming and can be easily observed and manipulated. The study of chick embryos has contributed significantly to our understanding of various aspects of developmental biology, including gastrulation, neurulation, organogenesis, and pattern formation. Researchers may use various techniques to observe and manipulate the chick embryo, such as surgical alterations, cell labeling, and exposure to drugs or other agents.

Poultry diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious disorders that affect domesticated birds, particularly those raised for meat, egg, or feather production. These diseases can be caused by various factors including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, genetic predisposition, environmental conditions, and management practices.

Infectious poultry diseases are often highly contagious and can lead to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to decreased production, increased mortality, and reduced quality of products. Some examples of infectious poultry diseases include avian influenza, Newcastle disease, salmonellosis, colibacillosis, mycoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and coccidiosis.

Non-infectious poultry diseases can be caused by factors such as poor nutrition, environmental stressors, and management issues. Examples of non-infectious poultry diseases include ascites, fatty liver syndrome, sudden death syndrome, and various nutritional deficiencies.

Prevention and control of poultry diseases typically involve a combination of biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, good management practices, and monitoring for early detection and intervention. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of poultry diseases is crucial to implementing effective treatment and prevention strategies, and can help minimize the impact of disease outbreaks on both individual flocks and the broader poultry industry.

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) is a small, non-enveloped DNA virus that belongs to the family *Circoviridae* and genus *Gyrovirus*. It primarily infects chickens and causes a variety of clinical signs, including severe anemia, immunosuppression, and runting in young birds.

The virus is highly contagious and can be spread through horizontal transmission via feces, contaminated equipment, or vertically from infected breeder hens to their offspring. CAV infection can lead to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to decreased growth rates, increased mortality, and reduced egg production.

In addition to its impact on the poultry industry, CAV has also been used as a vector for gene delivery in biomedical research. Its small genome size and ability to infect a wide range of avian species make it an attractive candidate for vaccine development and gene therapy applications.

The Bursa of Fabricius is a lymphoid organ located in the cloaca of birds. It plays a crucial role in the development of the bird's immune system, specifically in the maturation and differentiation of B cells, which are a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies to fight off infections.

The Bursa of Fabricius is named after the Italian anatomist Hieronymus Fabricius (1537-1619), who first described it in 1621. It is a sac-like structure that is lined with epithelial cells and contains lymphoid follicles, which are clusters of B cells at various stages of development.

In chickens, the Bursa of Fabricius begins to develop around the 5th day of incubation and reaches its maximum size by the time the bird is about 3 weeks old. After this point, it gradually involutes and disappears by the time the bird reaches adulthood.

It's worth noting that the Bursa of Fabricius has no direct equivalent in mammals, including humans. While mammals also have lymphoid organs such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils, these organs serve different functions and are not directly involved in the maturation of B cells.

I'm not aware of a specific medical definition for "Avian Proteins." The term "avian" generally refers to birds or their characteristics. Therefore, "avian proteins" would likely refer to proteins that are found in birds or are produced by avian cells. These proteins could have various functions and roles, depending on the specific protein in question.

For example, avian proteins might be of interest in medical research if they have similarities to human proteins and can be used as models to study protein function, structure, or interaction with other molecules. Additionally, some avian proteins may have potential applications in therapeutic development, such as using chicken egg-derived proteins for wound healing or as vaccine components.

However, without a specific context or reference, it's difficult to provide a more precise definition of "avian proteins" in a medical context.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

Marek's disease is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects chickens and other members of the Galliformes order (which includes turkeys, quails, and pheasants). The disease is caused by the alphaherpesvirus known as Gallid herpesvirus 2 or Marek's disease virus (MDV).

The infection primarily targets the chicken's immune system, leading to various clinical manifestations such as:

1. T-cell lymphomas (cancerous growths) in the peripheral nerves, visceral organs, and skin. These tumors can cause paralysis, especially in the legs, and affect the bird's mobility and overall health.
2. Enlarged, pale, or discolored spleens and livers due to the proliferation of infected lymphocytes.
3. Lesions on the feather follicles, skin, and eyes (such as iritis, conjunctivitis, and blindness) caused by viral replication in these areas.
4. Immunosuppression, which makes affected birds more susceptible to secondary bacterial or viral infections, leading to a decline in overall health and production.

Marek's disease is primarily transmitted through the inhalation of dust particles containing infected dander or feather follicle epithelium. The virus can also be spread via contaminated equipment, clothing, and transportation vehicles.

Vaccination is an effective method to control Marek's disease in commercial poultry operations. However, the continuous evolution of more virulent strains poses a challenge for long-term protection and eradication efforts.

Avian leukosis is a group of viral diseases that primarily affect chickens and other birds. It is caused by retroviruses known as avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) and leads to a variety of clinical signs, including immunosuppression, growth retardation, and the development of tumors in various organs. The disease can be transmitted both horizontally (through direct contact with infected birds or their secretions) and vertically (from infected hens to their offspring through the egg).

There are several subgroups of ALVs, each associated with specific types of tumors and clinical manifestations. For example:

1. ALV-J (Japanese strain): This subgroup is responsible for myelocytomatosis, a condition characterized by the proliferation of immature blood cells in the bone marrow, leading to anemia, leukopenia, and enlarged spleens and livers.
2. ALV-A, ALV-B, and ALV-C (American strains): These subgroups are associated with various types of lymphoid tumors, such as B-cell and T-cell lymphomas, which can affect the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, spleen, and other organs.
3. ALV-E (European strain): This subgroup is linked to erythroblastosis, a condition in which there is an excessive proliferation of red blood cell precursors, resulting in the formation of tumors in the bone marrow and other organs.

Avian leukosis poses significant economic challenges for the poultry industry due to its impact on growth, feed conversion efficiency, and mortality rates. Additionally, some countries have regulations in place to prevent the spread of avian leukosis viruses through the trade of infected birds or their products. Prevention measures include strict biosecurity protocols, vaccination programs, and rigorous screening and eradication strategies for infected flocks.

A base sequence in the context of molecular biology refers to the specific order of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule. In DNA, these nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) takes the place of thymine. The base sequence contains genetic information that is transcribed into RNA and ultimately translated into proteins. It is the exact order of these bases that determines the genetic code and thus the function of the DNA or RNA molecule.

An amino acid sequence is the specific order of amino acids in a protein or peptide molecule, formed by the linking of the amino group (-NH2) of one amino acid to the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another amino acid through a peptide bond. The sequence is determined by the genetic code and is unique to each type of protein or peptide. It plays a crucial role in determining the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins.

'Avian influenza' refers to the infection caused by avian (bird) influenza A viruses. These viruses occur naturally among wild aquatic birds worldwide and can infect domestic poultry and other bird and animal species. Avian influenza viruses do not normally infect humans, but rare cases of human infection have occurred mainly after close contact with infected birds or heavily contaminated environments.

There are many different subtypes of avian influenza viruses based on two proteins on the surface of the virus: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). There are 16 known HA subtypes and 9 known NA subtypes, creating a vast number of possible combinations. Some of these combinations cause severe disease and death in birds (e.g., H5N1, H7N9), while others only cause mild illness (e.g., H9N2).

Most avian influenza viruses do not infect humans. However, some forms are zoonotic, meaning they can infect animals and humans. The risk to human health is generally low. When human infections with avian influenza viruses have occurred, most have resulted from direct contact with infected poultry or surfaces contaminated by their feces.

Avian influenza viruses have caused several pandemics in the past, including the 1918 Spanish flu (H1N1), which was an H1N1 virus containing genes of avian origin. The concern is that a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus could mutate to become easily transmissible from human to human, leading to another pandemic. This is one of the reasons why avian influenza viruses are closely monitored by public health authorities worldwide.

Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is a type of retrovirus that primarily affects chickens and other birds. It is responsible for a group of diseases known as avian leukosis, which includes various types of tumors and immunosuppressive conditions. The virus is transmitted horizontally through the shedder's dander, feathers, and vertical transmission through infected eggs.

There are several subgroups of ALV (A, B, C, D, E, and J), each with different host ranges and pathogenicity. Some strains can cause rapid death in young chickens, while others may take years to develop clinical signs. The most common form of the disease is neoplastic, characterized by the development of various types of tumors such as lymphomas, myelomas, and sarcomas.

Avian leukosis virus infection can have significant economic impacts on the poultry industry due to decreased growth rates, increased mortality, and condemnation of infected birds at processing. Control measures include eradication programs, biosecurity practices, vaccination, and breeding for genetic resistance.

In human anatomy, a "gizzard" does not exist as it is not part of the human digestive system. However, in veterinary medicine, the gizzard refers to a part of the stomach in birds and some other animals, such as crocodiles and alligators. It is a muscular, thick-walled portion where food is stored and mechanically broken down by grinding and mixing it with grit that the animal has swallowed. This action helps in the digestion process, especially for birds that do not have teeth to chew their food.

"Ducks" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to a group of birds that belong to the family Anatidae, which also includes swans and geese. Some ducks are hunted for their meat, feathers, or down, but they do not have any specific medical relevance. If you have any questions about a specific medical term or concept, I would be happy to help if you could provide more information!

Molecular cloning is a laboratory technique used to create multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence. This process involves several steps:

1. Isolation: The first step in molecular cloning is to isolate the DNA sequence of interest from the rest of the genomic DNA. This can be done using various methods such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction), restriction enzymes, or hybridization.
2. Vector construction: Once the DNA sequence of interest has been isolated, it must be inserted into a vector, which is a small circular DNA molecule that can replicate independently in a host cell. Common vectors used in molecular cloning include plasmids and phages.
3. Transformation: The constructed vector is then introduced into a host cell, usually a bacterial or yeast cell, through a process called transformation. This can be done using various methods such as electroporation or chemical transformation.
4. Selection: After transformation, the host cells are grown in selective media that allow only those cells containing the vector to grow. This ensures that the DNA sequence of interest has been successfully cloned into the vector.
5. Amplification: Once the host cells have been selected, they can be grown in large quantities to amplify the number of copies of the cloned DNA sequence.

Molecular cloning is a powerful tool in molecular biology and has numerous applications, including the production of recombinant proteins, gene therapy, functional analysis of genes, and genetic engineering.

Medical definitions of terms often come from authoritative sources such as those produced by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), or the World Health Organization (WHO). However, I couldn't find a specific medical definition for 'poultry products' in these resources. Instead, poultry products are commonly defined by food safety authorities such as the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) or the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

According to the USDA, "Poultry products" are items that are derived from the whole carcasses, parts, or portions of poultry carcasses, such as chicken, turkey, duck, goose, guinea fowl, and ratites (emus and ostriches). These products include, but are not limited to, meat, skin, fat, bones, organs, eggs, and egg products.

It's important to note that poultry products can be a source of various bacteria, parasites, and viruses, including Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria, and avian influenza viruses. Proper handling, cooking, and storage are crucial steps in preventing foodborne illnesses associated with the consumption of poultry products.

Species specificity is a term used in the field of biology, including medicine, to refer to the characteristic of a biological entity (such as a virus, bacterium, or other microorganism) that allows it to interact exclusively or preferentially with a particular species. This means that the biological entity has a strong affinity for, or is only able to infect, a specific host species.

For example, HIV is specifically adapted to infect human cells and does not typically infect other animal species. Similarly, some bacterial toxins are species-specific and can only affect certain types of animals or humans. This concept is important in understanding the transmission dynamics and host range of various pathogens, as well as in developing targeted therapies and vaccines.

Newcastle Disease is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). It primarily affects birds and poultry, causing severe respiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The virus can also infect mammals, including humans, but human cases are relatively rare and usually result in mild or asymptomatic infections.

In birds, the disease can cause significant mortality, especially in young chickens. Symptoms may include respiratory distress, depression, greenish diarrhea, muscle tremors, twisting of the neck (torticollis), paralysis, and decreased egg production. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected birds or their feces, as well as through contaminated food, water, and equipment.

In humans, Newcastle Disease typically results in conjunctivitis, mild respiratory symptoms, or influenza-like illness. It is not considered a significant public health concern, but proper biosecurity measures should be taken to prevent transmission between birds and humans. Vaccination programs are widely used to control the disease in poultry populations.

A cloaca is a common cavity or channel in some animals, including many birds and reptiles, that serves as the combined endpoint for the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Feces, urine, and in some cases, eggs are all expelled through this single opening. In humans and other mammals, these systems have separate openings. Anatomical anomalies can result in a human born with a cloaca, which is very rare and typically requires surgical correction.

I'm not aware of any recognized medical term or condition specifically referred to as "turkeys." The term "turkey" is most commonly used in a non-medical context to refer to the large, bird-like domesticated fowl native to North America, scientifically known as Meleagris gallopavo.

However, if you are referring to a medical condition called "turkey neck," it is a colloquial term used to describe sagging or loose skin around the neck area, which can resemble a turkey's wattle. This condition is not a formal medical diagnosis but rather a descriptive term for an aesthetic concern some people may have about their appearance.

If you meant something else by "turkeys," please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate answer.

'Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype' is a type of influenza virus that causes respiratory illness in birds and occasionally in humans. It has been found to infect various animal species, including pigs, dogs, and horses. The H9N2 subtype has eight negative-sense RNA segments, encoding several proteins, such as hemagglutinin (H), neuraminidase (N), matrix protein (M), nucleoprotein (NP), nonstructural protein (NS), and three polymerase proteins (PA, PB1, and PB2).

The H9 hemagglutinin and N2 neuraminidase surface glycoproteins define the subtype of this influenza virus. The H9N2 viruses are known to have low pathogenicity in birds but can cause mild to moderate respiratory symptoms in humans, particularly those with occupational exposure to poultry or live bird markets.

H9N2 viruses have sporadically infected humans since their first identification in the 1960s and pose a pandemic threat due to their ability to reassort genetic material with other influenza A viruses, potentially creating new strains with increased transmissibility and pathogenicity for humans.

An alpharetrovirus is a type of retrovirus, which is a group of viruses that integrate their genetic material into the DNA of the host cell. Alpharetroviruses are characterized by their ability to cause persistent infections and are associated with various diseases in animals. One well-known example of an alpharetrovirus is the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), which was the first retrovirus to be discovered and is known to cause cancer in chickens.

Alpharetroviruses have a complex structure, consisting of an outer envelope that contains glycoprotein spikes, and an inner core that contains the viral RNA genome and associated enzymes. The viral RNA genome contains three main genes: gag, pol, and env, which encode for the structural proteins, enzymes, and envelope proteins of the virus, respectively.

Alpharetroviruses are transmitted through various routes, including horizontal transmission (from host to host) and vertical transmission (from parent to offspring). They can cause a range of diseases, depending on the specific virus and the host species. In addition to RSV, other examples of alpharetroviruses include the avian leukosis virus, which causes tumors and immunosuppression in birds, and the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, which causes a wasting disease in sheep.

It's worth noting that while alpharetroviruses are associated with diseases in animals, there are no known alpharetroviruses that infect humans. However, understanding the biology and behavior of these viruses in animal hosts can provide valuable insights into retroviral replication and pathogenesis, which may have implications for human health.

Oviducts, also known as fallopian tubes in humans, are pair of slender tubular structures that serve as the conduit for the ovum (egg) from the ovaries to the uterus. They are an essential part of the female reproductive system, providing a site for fertilization of the egg by sperm and early embryonic development before the embryo moves into the uterus for further growth.

In medical terminology, the term "oviduct" refers to this functional description rather than a specific anatomical structure in all female organisms. The oviducts vary in length and shape across different species, but their primary role remains consistent: to facilitate the transport of the egg and provide a site for fertilization.

Avian sarcoma viruses (ASVs) are a group of retroviruses that primarily infect birds and cause various types of tumors, particularly sarcomas. These viruses contain an oncogene, which is a gene that has the ability to transform normal cells into cancerous ones. The oncogene in ASVs is often derived from cellular genes called proto-oncogenes, which are normally involved in regulating cell growth and division.

ASVs can be divided into two main types: non-defective and defective. Non-defective ASVs contain a complete set of viral genes that allow them to replicate independently, while defective ASVs lack some of the necessary viral genes and require assistance from other viruses to replicate.

One well-known example of an avian sarcoma virus is the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), which was first discovered in chickens by Peyton Rous in 1910. RSV causes a highly malignant form of sarcoma in chickens and has been extensively studied as a model system for cancer research. The oncogene in RSV is called v-src, which is derived from the normal cellular gene c-src.

Avian sarcoma viruses have contributed significantly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer development and have provided valuable insights into the role of oncogenes in tumorigenesis.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "poultry" is not a medical term. It is a agricultural and culinary term that refers to domestic birds (such as chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys) that are kept for their eggs, meat, or feathers. The study and care of these birds would fall under the field of veterinary medicine, but "poultry" itself is not a medical term.

In a medical context, "meat" generally refers to the flesh of animals that is consumed as food. This includes muscle tissue, as well as fat and other tissues that are often found in meat products. However, it's worth noting that some people may have dietary restrictions or medical conditions that prevent them from consuming meat, so it's always important to consider individual preferences and needs when discussing food options.

It's also worth noting that the consumption of meat can have both positive and negative health effects. On the one hand, meat is a good source of protein, iron, vitamin B12, and other essential nutrients. On the other hand, consuming large amounts of red and processed meats has been linked to an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer. Therefore, it's generally recommended to consume meat in moderation as part of a balanced diet.

Feathers are not a medical term, but they are a feature found in birds and some extinct theropod dinosaurs. Feathers are keratinous structures that grow from the skin and are used for various functions such as insulation, flight, waterproofing, and display. They have a complex structure consisting of a central shaft with barbs branching off on either side, which further divide into smaller barbules. The arrangement and modification of these feather structures vary widely among bird species to serve different purposes.

"Comb" and "wattles" are terms used to describe fleshy appendages found in some animals, particularly birds. They are composed of skin and connective tissue, and are often brightly colored. While they don't have a direct medical definition, I can provide you with their general definitions:

1. Comb: In animals such as chickens, roosters, and other fowl, the comb is the fleshy, usually red, crown-like structure on top of the head. It varies in size and shape among different breeds and serves as a secondary sexual characteristic in males. The comb helps regulate body temperature and plays a role in courtship displays.

2. Wattles: These are the long, fleshy appendages that hang from either side of an animal's face or throat, often seen in conjunction with combs. Like combs, wattles are more prominent in males than females and serve as secondary sexual characteristics. They also play a role in thermoregulation and courtship displays.

While these structures are not typically associated with medical definitions, they can be subject to various health issues, such as frostbite, injuries, or infections. In those cases, veterinary medicine would address the specific health concerns related to combs and wattles.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material present in the cells of organisms where it is responsible for the storage and transmission of hereditary information. DNA is a long molecule that consists of two strands coiled together to form a double helix. Each strand is made up of a series of four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) - that are linked together by phosphate and sugar groups. The sequence of these bases along the length of the molecule encodes genetic information, with A always pairing with T and C always pairing with G. This base-pairing allows for the replication and transcription of DNA, which are essential processes in the functioning and reproduction of all living organisms.

'Campylobacter jejuni' is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that is a common cause of foodborne illness worldwide. It is often found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals, including birds and mammals, and can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food or water.

The bacteria are capable of causing an infection known as campylobacteriosis, which is characterized by symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and vomiting. In severe cases, the infection can spread to the bloodstream and cause serious complications, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.

'Campylobacter jejuni' is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States, with an estimated 1.3 million cases occurring each year. It is often found in undercooked poultry and raw or unpasteurized milk products, as well as in contaminated water supplies. Proper cooking and pasteurization can help reduce the risk of infection, as can good hygiene practices such as washing hands thoroughly after handling raw meat and vegetables.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus that belongs to the genus Avulavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. It is the causative agent of Newcastle disease, a highly contagious and often fatal viral infection affecting birds and poultry worldwide. The virus can cause various clinical signs, including respiratory distress, neurological disorders, and decreased egg production, depending on the strain's virulence. NDV has zoonotic potential, but human infections are rare and typically result in mild, flu-like symptoms.

Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious avian virus that primarily affects the bursa of Fabricius in young chickens, leading to an immunosuppressive disease known as Gumboro disease. The bursa of Fabricius is a vital organ for the development and maturation of B cells, which are crucial for the immune system's response to infections.

IBDV is a non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family. It has two serotypes, with serotype 1 being responsible for the majority of outbreaks and being highly pathogenic, while serotype 2 is less virulent and causes mild or asymptomatic infections.

The virus targets and destroys the B cells in the bursa, leading to a weakened immune system that makes the affected chickens more susceptible to secondary bacterial and viral infections. The disease can cause significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to high mortality rates, decreased feed conversion efficiency, and reduced egg production.

Vaccination is an effective prevention strategy against IBDV, with both live and inactivated vaccines available for use in chickens. Good biosecurity measures, such as strict sanitation practices and limiting the movement of birds and people between farms, can also help prevent the spread of the virus.

Campylobacter infections are illnesses caused by the bacterium *Campylobacter jejuni* or other species of the genus *Campylobacter*. These bacteria are commonly found in the intestines of animals, particularly birds, and can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food, water, or contact with infected animals.

The most common symptom of Campylobacter infection is diarrhea, which can range from mild to severe and may be bloody. Other symptoms may include abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, and vomiting. The illness usually lasts about a week, but in some cases, it can lead to serious complications such as bacteremia (bacteria in the bloodstream), meningitis, or Guillain-Barré syndrome, a neurological disorder that can cause muscle weakness and paralysis.

Campylobacter infections are typically treated with antibiotics, but in mild cases, they may resolve on their own without treatment. Prevention measures include cooking meat thoroughly, washing hands and surfaces that come into contact with raw meat, avoiding unpasteurized dairy products and untreated water, and handling pets, particularly birds and reptiles, with care.

In the medical context, the term "eggs" is not typically used as a formal medical definition. However, if you are referring to reproductive biology, an egg or ovum is a female reproductive cell (gamete) that, when fertilized by a male sperm, can develop into a new individual.

In humans, eggs are produced in the ovaries and are released during ovulation, usually once per month. They are much larger than sperm and contain all the genetic information necessary to create a human being, along with nutrients that help support the early stages of embryonic development.

It's worth noting that the term "eggs" is also commonly used in everyday language to refer to chicken eggs or eggs from other birds, which are not relevant to medical definitions.

"Coturnix" is a genus of birds that includes several species of quails. The most common species is the Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix), which is also known as the European Quail or the Eurasian Quail. This small ground-dwelling bird is found throughout Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa, and it is known for its distinctive call and its migratory habits. Other species in the genus Coturnix include the Rain Quail (Coturnix coromandelica), the Stubble Quail (Coturnix pectoralis), and the Harlequin Quail (Coturnix delegorguei). These birds are all similar in appearance and behavior, with small, round bodies, short wings, and strong legs that are adapted for running and scratching in leaf litter. They are also known for their cryptic coloration, which helps them blend in with their surroundings and avoid predators. Quails are popular game birds and are also kept as pets and for ornamental purposes in some parts of the world.

"Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF)" is a term used to describe animals or organisms that are raised and maintained in a controlled environment, free from specific pathogens (disease-causing agents) that could interfere with research outcomes or pose a risk to human or animal health. The "specific" part of the term refers to the fact that the exclusion of pathogens is targeted to those that are relevant to the particular organism or research being conducted.

To maintain an SPF status, animals are typically housed in specialized facilities with strict biosecurity measures, such as air filtration systems, quarantine procedures, and rigorous sanitation protocols. They are usually bred and raised in isolation from other animals, and their health status is closely monitored to ensure that they remain free from specific pathogens.

It's important to note that SPF does not necessarily mean "germ-free" or "sterile," as some microorganisms may still be present in the environment or on the animals themselves, even in an SPF facility. Instead, it means that the animals are free from specific pathogens that have been identified and targeted for exclusion.

In summary, Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms refer to animals or organisms that are raised and maintained in a controlled environment, free from specific disease-causing agents that are relevant to the research being conducted or human/animal health.

'Eimeria' is a genus of protozoan parasites that belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. These microscopic organisms are known to cause a disease called coccidiosis in various animals, including birds, ruminants, and pigs. The life cycle of Eimeria involves both sexual and asexual reproduction, and it typically takes place within the intestinal cells of the host animal.

The infection can lead to a range of symptoms, such as diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and even death in severe cases, particularly in young animals. Eimeria species are highly host-specific, meaning that each species tends to infect only one type of animal. For example, Eimeria tenella primarily infects chickens, while Eimeria bovis is known to infect cattle.

Prevention and control measures for coccidiosis include good sanitation practices, such as cleaning and disinfecting animal living areas, as well as the use of anticoccidial drugs in feed or water to prevent infection. Additionally, vaccines are available for some Eimeria species to help protect animals from infection and reduce the severity of clinical signs.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mardivirus" is not a recognized term in medical or scientific literature. It seems like there might be a spelling mistake or it could be a term that is specific to certain context which I am not aware of. If you have more information or context about where this term came from, I would be happy to help you further.

Birnaviridae is a family of viruses that includes several species known to cause infections in animals, including birds and fish. The most well-known member of this family is the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which primarily affects young chickens and causes a highly contagious disease known as Gumboro disease.

Infection with IBDV can result in a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, depression, ruffled feathers, and decreased appetite. In severe cases, the virus can cause significant mortality in infected flocks. Other members of the Birnaviridae family include viruses that infect salmonids (such as infectious pancreatic necrosis virus) and other bird species.

Transmission of Birnaviridae viruses typically occurs through direct contact with infected animals or their feces, as well as through contaminated food and water sources. Prevention and control measures for these infections include good biosecurity practices, vaccination, and proper nutrition and management.

Salmonella Enteritidis is a specific strain of the Salmonella bacterium that primarily infects the intestinal tract, leading to a type of foodborne illness known as salmonellosis. This organism can be found in a variety of animals and their feces, including poultry and cattle. It can contaminate various foods, particularly eggs, raw meat, and unpasteurized dairy products.

Infection with Salmonella Enteritidis typically occurs when an individual ingests contaminated food or water. The bacteria then multiply within the digestive system, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, and vomiting. In some cases, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems, Salmonella Enteritidis infection can lead to more severe complications, including bacteremia (bloodstream infection) and invasive diseases affecting other organs.

Preventing Salmonella Enteritidis infection involves proper food handling, cooking, and storage practices, as well as maintaining good hygiene and sanitation standards in both residential and commercial settings.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA (ribonucleic acid) that carries genetic information copied from DNA in the form of a series of three-base code "words," each of which specifies a particular amino acid. This information is used by the cell's machinery to construct proteins, a process known as translation. After being transcribed from DNA, mRNA travels out of the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs. Once the protein has been synthesized, the mRNA may be degraded and recycled. Post-transcriptional modifications can also occur to mRNA, such as alternative splicing and addition of a 5' cap and a poly(A) tail, which can affect its stability, localization, and translation efficiency.

I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Quail" is typically used to refer to a group of small birds that belong to the family Phasianidae and the subfamily Perdicinae. There is no established medical definition for "quail."

However, if you're referring to the verb "to quail," it means to shrink back, draw back, or cower, often due to fear or intimidation. In a medical context, this term could be used metaphorically to describe a patient's psychological response to a threatening situation, such as receiving a difficult diagnosis. But again, "quail" itself is not a medical term.

The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, located at the junction of the small and large intestines. It is a pouch-like structure that connects to the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the ascending colon (the first part of the large intestine). The cecum is where the appendix is attached. Its function is to absorb water and electrolytes, and it also serves as a site for the fermentation of certain types of dietary fiber by gut bacteria. However, the exact functions of the cecum are not fully understood.

A Salmonella infection in animals refers to the presence and multiplication of Salmonella enterica bacteria in non-human animals, causing an infectious disease known as salmonellosis. Animals can become infected through direct contact with other infected animals or their feces, consuming contaminated food or water, or vertical transmission (from mother to offspring). Clinical signs vary among species but may include diarrhea, fever, vomiting, weight loss, and sepsis. In some cases, animals can be asymptomatic carriers, shedding the bacteria in their feces and acting as a source of infection for other animals and humans. Regular monitoring, biosecurity measures, and appropriate sanitation practices are crucial to prevent and control Salmonella infections in animals.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geese" is not a medical term. It refers to various waterbirds constituting the family Anatidae and the genus Branta, characterized by a long neck, wide wings, and a honking call. They are not related to human health or medicine. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I'd be happy to help you with those!

A muscle is a soft tissue in our body that contracts to produce force and motion. It is composed mainly of specialized cells called muscle fibers, which are bound together by connective tissue. There are three types of muscles: skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac. Skeletal muscles attach to bones and help in movement, while smooth muscles are found within the walls of organs and blood vessels, helping with functions like digestion and circulation. Cardiac muscle is the specific type that makes up the heart, allowing it to pump blood throughout the body.

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs), are the most common type of blood cell in circulating blood in mammals. They are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

Erythrocytes are formed in the bone marrow and have a biconcave shape, which allows them to fold and bend easily as they pass through narrow blood vessels. They do not have a nucleus or mitochondria, which makes them more flexible but also limits their ability to reproduce or repair themselves.

In humans, erythrocytes are typically disc-shaped and measure about 7 micrometers in diameter. They contain the protein hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and gives blood its red color. The lifespan of an erythrocyte is approximately 120 days, after which it is broken down in the liver and spleen.

Abnormalities in erythrocyte count or function can lead to various medical conditions, such as anemia, polycythemia, and sickle cell disease.

"Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype" is a specific subtype of the Influenza A virus that is often found in avian species (birds) and can occasionally infect humans. The "H5N1" refers to the specific proteins (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) found on the surface of the virus. This subtype has caused serious infections in humans, with high mortality rates, especially in cases where people have had close contact with infected birds. It does not commonly spread from person to person, but there is concern that it could mutate and adapt to efficiently transmit between humans, which would potentially cause a pandemic.

A gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that carries genetic information. Genes are the fundamental units of heredity and are responsible for the development and function of all living organisms. They code for proteins or RNA molecules, which carry out various functions within cells and are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs.

Each gene has a specific location on a chromosome, and each person inherits two copies of every gene, one from each parent. Variations in the sequence of nucleotides in a gene can lead to differences in traits between individuals, including physical characteristics, susceptibility to disease, and responses to environmental factors.

Medical genetics is the study of genes and their role in health and disease. It involves understanding how genes contribute to the development and progression of various medical conditions, as well as identifying genetic risk factors and developing strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Coccidiosis is a parasitic infection caused by protozoa of the Eimeria genus, which typically affects the intestinal tract of animals, including humans. The infection occurs when a person or animal ingests oocysts (the infective stage of the parasite) through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with infected feces.

In humans, coccidiosis is most commonly found in children living in poor sanitary conditions and in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy. The infection can cause watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. In severe cases, it may lead to dehydration, weight loss, and even death in individuals with compromised immune systems.

In animals, particularly in poultry, swine, and ruminants, coccidiosis can cause significant economic losses due to decreased growth rates, poor feed conversion, and increased mortality. Preventive measures include improving sanitation, reducing overcrowding, and administering anticoccidial drugs or vaccines.

Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that are present in food, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This field examines how these microbes interact with food, how they affect its safety and quality, and how they can be controlled during food production, processing, storage, and preparation. Food microbiology also involves the development of methods for detecting and identifying pathogenic microorganisms in food, as well as studying the mechanisms of foodborne illnesses and developing strategies to prevent them. Additionally, it includes research on the beneficial microbes found in certain fermented foods and their potential applications in improving food quality and safety.

Complementary DNA (cDNA) is a type of DNA that is synthesized from a single-stranded RNA molecule through the process of reverse transcription. In this process, the enzyme reverse transcriptase uses an RNA molecule as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA strand. The resulting cDNA is therefore complementary to the original RNA molecule and is a copy of its coding sequence, but it does not contain non-coding regions such as introns that are present in genomic DNA.

Complementary DNA is often used in molecular biology research to study gene expression, protein function, and other genetic phenomena. For example, cDNA can be used to create cDNA libraries, which are collections of cloned cDNA fragments that represent the expressed genes in a particular cell type or tissue. These libraries can then be screened for specific genes or gene products of interest. Additionally, cDNA can be used to produce recombinant proteins in heterologous expression systems, allowing researchers to study the structure and function of proteins that may be difficult to express or purify from their native sources.

Sequence homology in nucleic acids refers to the similarity or identity between the nucleotide sequences of two or more DNA or RNA molecules. It is often used as a measure of biological relationship between genes, organisms, or populations. High sequence homology suggests a recent common ancestry or functional constraint, while low sequence homology may indicate a more distant relationship or different functions.

Nucleic acid sequence homology can be determined by various methods such as pairwise alignment, multiple sequence alignment, and statistical analysis. The degree of homology is typically expressed as a percentage of identical or similar nucleotides in a given window of comparison.

It's important to note that the interpretation of sequence homology depends on the biological context and the evolutionary distance between the sequences compared. Therefore, functional and experimental validation is often necessary to confirm the significance of sequence homology.

"Cells, cultured" is a medical term that refers to cells that have been removed from an organism and grown in controlled laboratory conditions outside of the body. This process is called cell culture and it allows scientists to study cells in a more controlled and accessible environment than they would have inside the body. Cultured cells can be derived from a variety of sources, including tissues, organs, or fluids from humans, animals, or cell lines that have been previously established in the laboratory.

Cell culture involves several steps, including isolation of the cells from the tissue, purification and characterization of the cells, and maintenance of the cells in appropriate growth conditions. The cells are typically grown in specialized media that contain nutrients, growth factors, and other components necessary for their survival and proliferation. Cultured cells can be used for a variety of purposes, including basic research, drug development and testing, and production of biological products such as vaccines and gene therapies.

It is important to note that cultured cells may behave differently than they do in the body, and results obtained from cell culture studies may not always translate directly to human physiology or disease. Therefore, it is essential to validate findings from cell culture experiments using additional models and ultimately in clinical trials involving human subjects.

Sequence homology, amino acid, refers to the similarity in the order of amino acids in a protein or a portion of a protein between two or more species. This similarity can be used to infer evolutionary relationships and functional similarities between proteins. The higher the degree of sequence homology, the more likely it is that the proteins are related and have similar functions. Sequence homology can be determined through various methods such as pairwise alignment or multiple sequence alignment, which compare the sequences and calculate a score based on the number and type of matching amino acids.

Molecular weight, also known as molecular mass, is the mass of a molecule. It is expressed in units of atomic mass units (amu) or daltons (Da). Molecular weight is calculated by adding up the atomic weights of each atom in a molecule. It is a useful property in chemistry and biology, as it can be used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution, or to calculate the amount of a substance that will react with another in a chemical reaction.

Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.

Fibroblasts are specialized cells that play a critical role in the body's immune response and wound healing process. They are responsible for producing and maintaining the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is the non-cellular component present within all tissues and organs, providing structural support and biochemical signals for surrounding cells.

Fibroblasts produce various ECM proteins such as collagens, elastin, fibronectin, and laminins, forming a complex network of fibers that give tissues their strength and flexibility. They also help in the regulation of tissue homeostasis by controlling the turnover of ECM components through the process of remodeling.

In response to injury or infection, fibroblasts become activated and start to proliferate rapidly, migrating towards the site of damage. Here, they participate in the inflammatory response, releasing cytokines and chemokines that attract immune cells to the area. Additionally, they deposit new ECM components to help repair the damaged tissue and restore its functionality.

Dysregulation of fibroblast activity has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including fibrosis (excessive scarring), cancer (where they can contribute to tumor growth and progression), and autoimmune diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis).

The liver is a large, solid organ located in the upper right portion of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and above the stomach. It plays a vital role in several bodily functions, including:

1. Metabolism: The liver helps to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from the food we eat into energy and nutrients that our bodies can use.
2. Detoxification: The liver detoxifies harmful substances in the body by breaking them down into less toxic forms or excreting them through bile.
3. Synthesis: The liver synthesizes important proteins, such as albumin and clotting factors, that are necessary for proper bodily function.
4. Storage: The liver stores glucose, vitamins, and minerals that can be released when the body needs them.
5. Bile production: The liver produces bile, a digestive juice that helps to break down fats in the small intestine.
6. Immune function: The liver plays a role in the immune system by filtering out bacteria and other harmful substances from the blood.

Overall, the liver is an essential organ that plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and well-being.

Nucleic acid hybridization is a process in molecular biology where two single-stranded nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) with complementary sequences pair together to form a double-stranded molecule through hydrogen bonding. The strands can be from the same type of nucleic acid or different types (i.e., DNA-RNA or DNA-cDNA). This process is commonly used in various laboratory techniques, such as Southern blotting, Northern blotting, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microarray analysis, to detect, isolate, and analyze specific nucleic acid sequences. The hybridization temperature and conditions are critical to ensure the specificity of the interaction between the two strands.

'Eimeria tenella' is a species of intracellular parasitic protozoa belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. It is one of the several Eimeria species that cause coccidiosis, a common and economically significant intestinal disease in poultry.

Eimeria tenella primarily infects the caeca (plural of cecum) of chickens, turkeys, and other birds. The life cycle of this parasite involves several stages, including sporulation, ingestion, excystation, merogony, gametogony, and oocyst shedding.

The oocysts are passed in the feces of infected birds and can survive in the environment for long periods. Once ingested by another bird, the oocysts release sporozoites, which invade the epithelial cells lining the caeca. Here, they undergo asexual reproduction (merogony), producing numerous merozoites that infect neighboring cells.

After several rounds of merogony, the parasite enters the sexual phase of its life cycle (gametogony). Male and female gametes fuse to form zygotes, which develop into oocysts and are shed in the feces, completing the life cycle.

Clinical signs of Eimeria tenella infection include diarrhea, bloody droppings, decreased appetite, weight loss, and decreased egg production. Severe infections can lead to death, particularly in young birds. Coccidiosis is typically treated with anticoccidial drugs, which are added to the feed or water of infected birds. Good management practices, such as proper sanitation and biosecurity, can help prevent the spread of Eimeria tenella and other coccidian species.

... website Frank Chickens on BBC pages 3:AM interview "We are Ninja" video on YouTube The Guardian - Frank Chickens ... "Frank Chickens performance schedule". Frank Chickens. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010. " ... Lee, Stewart (3 August 2010). "Frank Chickens: Edinburgh gods". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 February 2016. "Frank Chickens have ... The Best of Frank Chickens, (Kaz 1987) (reissue of We Are Frank Chickens contains 5 additional tracks, including "Fujiyamamama ...
Chicken breeds, Chicken breeds originating in Thailand, Chicken breeds originating in Japan). ... The Shamo breeds are thought to derive from fighting chickens of Malay type brought from Thailand in the early part of the 17th ... There are seven recognised breeds of Shamo chicken in Japan, all of which are designated Natural Monuments of Japan. ... Percy, Pam (2006-02-20). The Field Guide to Chickens. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-2473-8. Masaoki Tsudzuki (2003). Japanese ...
... (often stylized as BBQ CHICKENS) is a Japanese hardcore punk band, created in 2000 by former Hi-Standard member ... BBQ Chickens later won the award for "Best Alternative Video" during the 2002 Space Shower Music Video Awards for their video " ... "BBQ Chickens". pizzaofdeath.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-01. Retrieved 2010-07-17. ja:SPACE SHOWER Music Video ... "Sick Guy/Stupid Magazine", and the year after with "Pizza of Death's Theme/Fat Boy". BBQ Chickens' third album, Fine Songs, ...
... are a group of ornamental chicken breeds characterised by a tuft or crest of upward-pointing feathers on the ... Allometric Comparison of the Brain and Brain Structures in the White Crested Polish Chicken with Uncrested Domestic Chicken ... Original crested chickens originate from the Netherlands, France, Italy, Poland, Russia, and in the Western Balkans. Apart from ... A skull excavated in England suggests that crested chickens were present there in Roman times. Early depictions of these birds ...
... , in some accounts referenced as Chicken Warrups or Sam Mohawk, was a Native American who lived in the ... Accounts of Chickens Warrups are complicated by some references to a son named Thomas Chickens Warrups (also known by ... "Chickens ... seems to have been a strange mixture of Indian shrewdness, rascality and cunning, and was in continual difficulty ... Redding's official town seal, dated 1714, depicts founder John Read under the boughs of a tree purchasing land from Chickens ...
The following is a list of these albums that have featured tracks by the Headless Chickens. "Kiwi band Headless Chickens reform ... The Headless Chickens split up soon after the release of Greedy. In 2002 Flying Nun Records released a 2CD best-of compilation ... The Headless Chickens was a New Zealand band. Going against the grain of the Dunedin sound that dominated the Flying Nun ... The Headless Chickens recorded three albums, Stunt Clown (1988), Body Blow (1991), and Greedy (1997), plus various EPs for ...
... are characterised by caudal dysplasia, the absence of the pygostyle or caudal appendage - the "parson's nose ... The mutation which causes it is unknown; two candidates have been proposed.: 10 Rumplessness in chickens has been documented ... Saleh Shahbazi, Seyed Z. Mirhosseini, Michael N. Romanov (January 2007). Genetic Diversity in Five Iranian Native Chicken ... Masaoki Tsudzuki (2003). Japanese native chickens. In: Hsiu-Luan Chang, Yu-chia Huang (editors) (2003). The Relationship ...
The Big Chicken of Marietta, Georgia houses a Kentucky Fried Chicken location, and is used as a navigational aid for local ... Chickens have been widely used as national symbols, and as mascots for clubs, businesses, and other associations. The chicken ... Hector Chicken is the eponymous bird who gives his name to the fast food restaurant chain in Belgium and France. Le Coq Sportif ... The standard of Sir Robin from Monty Python and the Holy Grail is a chicken. The town of Denizli in Republic of Turkey is ...
... have been known and described since Renaissance times at least. Chickens of this type were described and ... Creeper chickens are characterised by abnormally short legs, so short that the body is carried a few centimetres from the ... Scots Dumpy / United Kingdom (Chicken). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization ... 63 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Creeper chickens. F.B. Hutt (1949). Genetics of the Fowl. New York: McGraw-Hill Book ...
... based on the Laser Moose character from Savage Chickens, which has had two sequels. "Welcome Cartoon - Savage Chickens - ... Savage Chickens is a webcomic created by Canadian cartoonist Doug Savage. It is a single panel comic drawn on yellow sticky ... Savage Chickens has existed since 31 January 2005 and it contains at least a thousand comics. The page is generally updated ... "Savage Chickens - Cartoons on Sticky Notes by Doug Savage". Archived from the original on 2019-07-24. Retrieved 2019-08-19. ...
... is a book/music CD combination by Sandra Boynton and Michael Ford, published in 2002. The first half of ... "Philadelphia Chickens [With CD]". Publishers Weekly. Retrieved 7 November 2014. Marder, Dianna (2 April 2003). "Cheep thrills ...
"Dear Chickens". Dear Chickens at IMDb official film website (Use dmy dates from December 2021, Articles with short description ... Dear Chickens is a short dramedy. The film's run time is 14 minutes. It was co-written and directed by Mauro Mueller, and ... "DEAR CHICKENS: A moving short Film takes aim for the Oscars". Archived from the original on 19 February 2019. Retrieved 19 ... "Dear Chickens". 5 November 2018. "Past Winners". LA Shorts International Film Festival. Retrieved 13 June 2022. " ...
... is a 1943 American Western film and a sequel to Dudes are Pretty People (1942) and Calaboose (1943), Western ... Gibson Rosemary La Planche as Yola Prairie Chickens in the Internet Movie Database v t e (Articles with short description, ...
Regan, Caleb (March 9, 2010). "Backyard Chicken Coop Giveaway at Community Chickens". Grit. (Ogden Publications). Retrieved ... Community Chickens is a joint Mother Earth News and Grit online magazine published by Ogden Publications in Topeka, Kansas. It ... The variety of issues covered aimed to help readers fight for the right to raise chickens in their communities in order to live ... Content from Community Chickens was gradually moved to the Backyard Poultry website. As of 2023, Backyard Poultry magazine ...
The Slim Chickens menu focuses on fresh chicken tenders, wings, salads, sandwiches, wraps, chicken and waffles, and southern- ... Slim Chickens is an American fast-casual restaurant chain which specializes in chicken tenders, wings, sandwiches, salads, ... "Location - Slim Chickens". www.slimchickensme.com. Retrieved 25 June 2017. "Chicken restaurant coming to shopping centre". Kent ... "Fayetteville-based Slim Chickens taking fresh chicken nationwide". Fayetteville Flyer. Retrieved 25 June 2017. Karadjov, Ralle ...
In Cholwell's Chickens, the now-wealthy Jean sets off to her home planet of Codrion to try to find out about her parents. In ... Cholwell's Chickens is a science fiction novella by Jack Vance from 1952. It was first published in Thrilling Wonder Stories ... She goes to see Cholwell's estate, only to discover that his claim of raising "chickens" was a front for his human cloning ... Cholwell recovers and says he is seeking investors for a genetically-modified chicken cloning operation he is setting up on ...
Chickens is a 1916 American short silent comedy film featuring Oliver Hardy. Bobby Burns as Pokes Walter Stull as Jabbs Oliver ... Hardy (as Babe Hardy) Frank Hanson Ethel Marie Burton List of American films of 1916 Oliver Hardy filmography Chickens at IMDb ...
Jack Canfield (1998), Chicken soup for the pet lover's soul, pp. 209-210, ISBN 978-1-55874-571-1 "Chickens to get new home". ... "Wily chickens outsmart LA wranglers". Deseret News. December 3, 1976. Retrieved July 8, 2011. "Chickens to be sent to farm". ... By 1976, the flock included about 50 of the chickens, described as Rhode Island Reds. They became known as "Minnie's chickens ... 118.3703 The Hollywood Freeway chickens are a colony of feral chickens that live under the Vineland Avenue off-ramp of the ...
Chickens at IMDb Official website Chickens at British Comedy Guide (Use dmy dates from February 2014, Use British English from ... Chickens is a British sitcom that was first broadcast on Channel 4 as a television pilot on 2 September 2011, as part of the ... Jonny Sweet as Bert: the dimwitted man of the trio of Chickens. Bert does tend to forget that the war is actually going on. Joe ... Kent Film Office (31 August 2011). "Kent Film Office Chickens Film Focus". "Weekly Top 10 Programmes". Broadcasters' Audience ...
"Chickens Come Home - Cast". IMDb Chickens Come Home at IMDb Chickens Come Home at AllMovie Chickens Come Home at the TCM Movie ... Chickens Come Home is a 1931 American pre-Code short film starring Laurel and Hardy, directed by James W. Horne and produced by ... Database Chickens Come Home/Politiquerías at the American Film Institute Catalog Chickens Come Home at Rotten Tomatoes ( ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chickens (1921 film). Chickens at IMDb Synopsis at AllMovie v t e (Articles with short ... "Chickens". afi.com. Retrieved January 24, 2015. "Progressive Silent Film List: Chickens". silentera.com. Retrieved January 24, ... Chickens is a 1921 American silent comedy drama film directed by Jack Nelson and written by Agnes Christine Johnston based on ...
... was released on April 20. Chickens in Love consists of twelve cover songs written by 826LA students who ... Chickens in Love: An Album to Benefit 826LA is a compilation album by various artists, released in April 2010. The album was ... "Chickens in Love Limited Edition Vinyl LP". 826LA. Archived from the original on April 18, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2013. " ... "100 Pigs" by Pig Power on YouTube "Am I Going Crazy?" by The Shaking Churros on YouTube Chickens in Love backstage with Dianna ...
... may refer to: Mother Carey's chickens, another common name of storm petrels Mother Carey's Chickens ( ... novel), a 1911 novel by Kate Douglas Wiggin Mother Carey's Chickens (film), a 1938 drama film adaptation of the novel Mother ... alternative name for a giant petrel This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mother Carey's Chickens. ...
Variants in chicken growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene lead to sex-linked dwarf chickens, but effects of different variants are ... Dwarfs chickens reach sexual maturity and reproduce normally. Dwarfism in chickens has been found to be controlled by several ... Dwarfism in chickens is an inherited condition found in chickens consisting of a significant delayed growth, resulting in adult ... 1998 Nucleotide sequence of the chicken HMGI-C cDNA and expression of the HMGI-C and IGF1 genes in autosomal dwarf chicken ...
... is the ability of a chicken to understand and share the feelings of another chicken. The Biotechnology and ... Previous investigations established the indicators of an emotional response in chickens. Domestic chickens can be observed to ... empathetic nature of chickens. Animal communication Emotion in non-human animals "Chickens are capable of feeling empathy, ... At one time, a Virginia prison was planned to be transformed into 'Chicken empathy museum' by PETA to raise awareness of the ...
... to Mother Carey's Chickens at Wikimedia Commons The full text of Mother Carey's Chickens at Wikisource Mother Carey's Chickens ... Mother Carey's Chickens is a novel by Kate Douglas Wiggin published in 1911 by Houghton Mifflin. The book tells the story of a ...
"Juice" is a song by New Zealand rock band Headless Chickens, released as a single in 1992. The track was originally titled " ... When McDonald later joined the Headless Chickens, the song was reworked and renamed "Juice". It was released as a double A-side ... D30939.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) "Headless Chickens - Juice". Top 40 Singles. ... Juice (Australasian CD single liner notes). Headless Chickens. Flying Nun Records, Mushroom Records. 1992. FNCD255, D 11331.{{ ...
Pictures of chickens are found on Greek red figure and black-figure pottery. In Ancient Greece, chickens were still rare and ... Delos seems to have been a center of chicken breeding (Columella, De Re Rustica 8.3.4). "About 3200 BC chickens were common in ... For a recent study of chickens in the New Testament, see Joshua N. Tilton "Chickens and the Cultural Context of the Gospels ... The Roman gourmet Apicius offers 17 recipes for chicken, mainly boiled chicken with a sauce. All parts of the animal are used: ...
Mother Carey's Chickens is a 1938 American drama film starring Anne Shirley and Ruby Keeler. The film was directed by Rowland V ... Mother Carey's Chickens at IMDb v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, 1938 films, ... Mother Carey's Chickens. Originally Katharine Hepburn was assigned to the lead role. She refused, however, and left RKO in ...
... and selected quotes Free eBook of Love Among the Chickens (1921 rewrite) at Project Gutenberg Love Among the Chickens public ... Love Among the Chickens is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published as a book in the United Kingdom in June 1906 by George ... They recapture the chicken, and Garnet is invited to lunch, stays to play croquet afterwards, and his love for Phyllis is ... The chickens become ill, and Garnet, on his way to fetch help, runs into Phyllis, who shows him some friendliness. Later, ...
Frank Chickens website Frank Chickens on BBC pages 3:AM interview "We are Ninja" video on YouTube The Guardian - Frank Chickens ... "Frank Chickens performance schedule". Frank Chickens. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010. " ... Lee, Stewart (3 August 2010). "Frank Chickens: Edinburgh gods". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 February 2016. "Frank Chickens have ... The Best of Frank Chickens, (Kaz 1987) (reissue of We Are Frank Chickens contains 5 additional tracks, including "Fujiyamamama ...
See an archive of all chickens stories published on Intelligencer. ... Teen Makes Teeny Pancakes for Pet Chickens Because They Is Good Chickens"I made my chickens tiny pancakes because I love them ... Wild Chickens Take Over Bronx HighwayThats right, wild chickens. And they roost in TREES. ... Chicken-Egg Mystery Allegedly SolvedIt was the chicken. Were still confused. ...
Chicken paprikash (Hungarian: paprikás csirke or csirkepaprikás) or paprika chicken is a popular dish of Hungarian origin and ... Chicken paprikas with nokedli (Paprikás csirke nokedlivel). Chicken paprikash with less common buckwheat side dish (not to be ... Kinderlehrer, Jane (2002), The Smart Chicken and Fish Cookbook: Over 200 Delicious and Nutritious Recipes for Main Courses, ... Chicken paprikash was adopted as a Sabbath dish by the Jews of Hungary and Czechoslovakia and remains popular today amongst ...
The Leghorn,[a] Italian: Livorno or Livornese, is a breed of chicken originating in Tuscany, in central Italy. Birds were first ... a b Leghorn Chicken. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, 1993-2009. Accessed December 2011. ... Background On The Brown Leghorn Chicken. American Brown Leghorn Club, 1998-2004. Accessed December 2011. ... White Leghorns are commonly used as layer chickens in many countries of the world. Other Leghorn varieties are less common. ...
Where and when were chickens domesticated? From whence the humble chicken? Gallus gallus is a domesticated chicken-like bird ( ... thus, the name "chicken") that originates in southeast Asia. Ever since Darwin weve known that the chicken originated in ... Image of chicken egg from Wikimedia Commons. Turns out the egg is an important phase. A new study published this month in ... The animal on the right is no ordinary chicken. Its right half looks like a hen but its left half (with a larger wattle, bigger ...
Chickens are like a compost!. *Chickens are natural bug eaters. They eat lots of grubs and other insects that are harmful to ... Chickens lay eggs daily, providing a constant flow of food source. The eggs these chickens would lay would be much better than ... Furthermore, chicken poop has nitrogen in it, which produces much better manure than other animals.Chickens eat food scraps, ... This occurs all the time with chickens. I have read countless blogs and articles about chickens teaching their owner lesson ...
Here are 10 surprising facts about chickens that will make you think twice (or 10 times) before eating another nugget. ... Here are 10 surprising facts about chickens:. 1. Chickens can distinguish between more than 100 faces of their own species. ... 2. Chickens know whos boss-they form complex social structures known as "pecking orders," and every chicken knows his or her ... Help us spread the word about how interesting chickens are by sharing with your family and friends on Facebook and Twitter. If ...
Learn why Salmonella linked to chicken is a prevention priority. ... Chicken is a major source of these illnesses.. We know it is ... Widespread vaccination of chickens against this serotype in the United States may account for part of this decline. ... In 1993, England and Wales launched a program to vaccinate chickens against both Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella ... The following year, human infections of Salmonella Enteritidis associated with eating chicken dropped dramatically. And from ...
... you can make your own Crunchy Chicken Nuggets right in your oven for a healthier meal option that is quite delicious. ... Arrange coated chicken pieces on the baking sheet.. *Bake until crispy and golden brown and chicken is no longer pink inside, ... Place chicken pieces in the bag, reseal, and toss to coat.. *Lightly coat a baking sheet with cooking spray. ... URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/recipes/crunchy-chicken-nuggets/ Crunchy Chicken Nuggets. ...
Repeat with each chicken breast.. *Bake for 20 minutes or until a thermometer inserted in thickest part of chicken reads 160 ... Flaxseed And Herb-Crusted Chicken. The crisp flaxseed crust keeps the chicken wonderfully moist inside. You can use golden or ... Dip a chicken breast into egg, allow excess to drip off, and press each side into flaxseed mixture to coat. Place on wire rack ... Trader Joes Orange Chicken with Brown Rice and Steamed Broccoli * Trader Joes Cauliflower Gnocchi with Cherry Tomatoes, Feta ...
How Safe Is Chicken Imported From China? Five Questions Answered China has started exporting cooked chicken meat to the United ... Chicken Little? Not at Rotisserie Georgette-This Bird Earns Its Place at the Table By Joshua David Stein ... How Blue Aprons Co-Founder Plans to Disrupt the Chicken Industry Move over meatless mania. Blue Aprons former COO is betting ... The New York Times Introduces "Sexy Chicken," Confusing Everyone By Drew Grant ...
Mind you, a razor girl is not just any awesome female character who happens to be in a cyberpunk story. She has to meet that level of viciousness and badass. Rachel from Blade Runner is a fantastic character and a strong woman, but she is not a fighter, and thus is not a razor girl. Same goes for Shiloh, Blind Mag, and all the other awesome-but-not-action-fighter girls from Repo: The Genetic Opera! Neal Stephenson's Y.T., despite being one of the most awesome characters in all of fiction, never mind cyberpunk, also just barely misses to meet the criteria, since her shtick is more about escaping and dodging danger than confronting bad guys head-on ...
Tagged » chicken. Chicken and Sweet Potato Curry. February 11, 2013 in food, Recipes ... Vietnamese Chicken Sandwich. March 13, 2012 in food, Recipes (a.k.a. chicken bánh mì) By chef Jo Lusted Serves 4 2 tbsp each ... Pan-Roasted Chicken Breast. March 12, 2012 in food, Recipes Serves 4 4 PC Blue Menu Air Chilled Boneless Skinless Chicken ... Pollo Alla Cacciatora (Chicken Cacciatore). September 26, 2012 in food, Recipes Chef Carm cooks up chicken cacciatore, a ...
Intergalactic chickens are invading Earth, seeking revenge for the oppression of their earthly brethren! ... Chickens. For centuries we have oppressed them, grilling, roasting, stewing, and stuffing them in buns. The time has come for ... Buy Chicken Invaders Complete Set BUNDLE (?) Includes 12 items: Chicken Invaders 4, Chicken Invaders 5, Chicken Invaders 4 - ... Buy Chicken Invaders 3 Deluxe Includes 3 items: Chicken Invaders 3, Chicken Invaders 3 - Christmas Edition, Chicken Invaders 3 ...
You can prepare these Chicken Tacos with Salsa Verde in a slow cooker. ... Add half of chicken; cook 3 minutes per side or until browned. Transfer to a 5-or 6-quart slow cooker. Repeat procedure with ... ½ cup fat-free, reduced-sodium chicken broth. 24 (6-inch) corn tortillas. ½ cup crumbled queso fresco cheese. ¼ cup fresh ... Fill each tortilla with about ¼ cup chicken mixture, 1 teaspoon cheese, 1 teaspoon salsa and ½ teaspoon cilantro. Serve with ...
It is like a travel itinerary: Californian chicken, Kentucky chicken, Indian chicken, Mexican chicken. ... By God, its chicken. Its true chicken flavor.. The interesting thing about this way of cooking is that stripping the spices, ... 3. Place the chickens, carrots, celery, parsley, thyme, bay leaf, salt and peppercorns in the pot. Place the chickens breast ... I did not give up grilling, frying and roasting chicken after discovering true chicken flavor. Especially roasting. But if you ...
Get started planting a garden that your backyard chickens will love this year. ... What Do Chickens Eat? Chickens eat a surprising array of foods. Find out how to keep them happy and healthy. ... Chicken Exploration. Chickens add lovely movement to the garden and are incredibly curious.They are wonderful at helping to ... Our chickens enjoy their own garden exploration time with supervision. In fact, we grow an entirely chicken friendly garden ...
Three simple steps for chicken: a recipe every cook should have for every occasion. ... Roast chicken. Three simple steps for chicken: a recipe every cook should have for every occasion.. By GOURMETKOSHERCOOKING.COM ... ROAST CHICKEN. 2 chickens, cut in 1/8ths. 1 onion, sliced. ½ teaspoon pepper. 1 teaspoon granulated garlic. 2 tablespoons ... Arrange chicken in a single layer in a baking pan.. 2. Spread onion slices over chicken. Sprinkle on spices. Drizzle oil over ...
One of the birds hatches a plot to fly the coop at Tweedys Chicken Farm. ... Finally, theres a female action hero for the summer of 2000, and shes a . . . chicken. But a chicken to believe in. ... Overall, Chicken Run is a must-see film that is sure to become a classic in the world of animation. Its a film that will make ... Chicken Run Is Easily The Best Dreamworks & Aardman Movie Ever Made. Also, Mr. Tweedy Murders His Own Wife At The End. ...
RELATED: Master Italian classic recipes for Grill-Roasted Chicken and Chicken Cacciatore in our Online Cooking School. ... Lay chicken in skillet and cook until lightly browned on both sides, 6 to 8 minutes. Transfer chicken to baking sheet and bake ... For a streamlined take on classic chicken saltimbocca, the Italian dish that marries tender chicken with rich prosciutto and ... Slightly overlap 2 slices of prosciutto on cutting board and lay 1 chicken breast in center; fold prosciutto over chicken. ...
This casserole combines delicious lump crab meat with chicken and a host of other ingredients reminiscent of the Chesapeake ... butterflied chicken breast on board - Patterson Watkins/Mashed. Butterfly the chicken breasts by cutting a slit in the center ... seasoned chicken breasts on plate - Patterson Watkins/Mashed. Season the prepped chicken breasts with salt, pepper, and the ... cheesy crab stuffed chicken breasts - Patterson Watkins/Mashed. Once all the chicken breasts have been stuffed, sprinkle each ...
Make your own roast chicken, the perfect dish for parties and gatherings. ... Preserved Lemon Roast Chicken. Make your own roast chicken, the perfect dish for parties and gatherings. This healthy, low-oil ... 1) Place the chicken breast-side down, with the legs towards you. Using poultry shears, cut up each side of the backbone to ... Coat the spatchcocked chicken evenly with the lemon paste, and leave to rest in the fridge for about half a day. Before cooking ...
... classic recipe uses a seasoned cream cheese and herb blend in the filling instead of the fontina cheese that makes the chicken ... Slice 4 chicken breasts lengthwise on the thickest side of the chicken breast, cutting a slit about 4 inches long and a pocket ... ingredients for chicken Valentino - Jessica Case/Tasting Table. The base of this recipe is chicken breasts, while the filling ... stuffed chicken breasts in pan - Jessica Case/Tasting Table. Assuming your chicken has not reached an internal temperature of ...
... makes it easy to get all the ingredients youll need for this delicious Chicken & Cheesy Garlic Rice. ... Flip chicken and cook for another 4 minutes. Cover pan with a lid and continue to cook until chicken reaches an internal ... Tasty Tonight: Chicken & Cheesy Garlic Rice. Weeknight meals can be tough when schools back in session. But Kroger makes it ... Pour Simple Truth Organic Rosemary Honey Mustard Marinade over Simple Truth Organic Chicken Breasts. Toss to coat. Let marinate ...
... at waitrose.com. Visit the Waitrose & Partners website for more healthy recipes and ideas ... Add half the chicken and fry, uncovered, for 3 minutes.. Turn and cook for another minute until the chicken is cooked through, ... Add half the chicken and fry, uncovered, for 3 minutes.. Turn and cook for another minute until the chicken is cooked through, ... Add half the chicken and fry, uncovered, for 3 minutes.. Turn and cook for another minute until the chicken is cooked through, ...
... chicken stock in Indonesia amounted to approximately 3.48 billion heads. ... Chicken stock in Indonesia from 2012 to 2021 (in billion heads) table column chart ... In 2021, chicken stock in Indonesia amounted to approximately 3.48 billion heads. In the same period, poultry meat consumption ... 2023). Chicken stock in Indonesia from 2012 to 2021 (in billion heads). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: December 09, 2023. ...
... Now That Obama Is Allowing Chicken From China, What Will That Do To The Chicken Industry?. December 11, 2013. ... chicken nuggets and other chicken products (such as canned soup, frozen chicken wings and breaded chicken patties) made from ... Each year, U.S. consumers spend about 70 billion dollars on chicken. That is a tremendous amount of money, and the U.S. chicken ... Under the proposal, chickens that are raised and slaughtered in the U.S. and Canada will be sent to China for processing and ...
... directions and info on Restaurant of Robot Chickens in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee. ... Frizzle Chicken Farmhouse. Address:. 2785 Parkway, Pigeon Forge, TN. Directions:. Frizzle Chicken Farmhouse. On the strip, on ... Silly Chickens on the Roof Frizzle Chicken Farmhouse is a restaurant on the strip in Pigeon Forge. A "Frizzle" is a type of ... Restaurant of Robot Chickens Went for lunch and there was a 20 minute wait. Standard chicken fingers and sandwiches with a ...
There are so many, in fact, that I rarely roast a chicken the same way twice, though I think thats all about to change, as I ... am now obsessed with smearing whole chickens with the strained, cream cheese-like yogurt known as ... There are many ways to roast a chicken, and many of them are good. ... Labneh chicken-labhen, if you will-. which is completely and totally inspired by Samin Nosrats iconic buttermilk chicken, is ...
  • [7] While quartered chicken parts are more traditional, modern interpretations of the recipe may call for boneless, skinless chicken thighs. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are many different chicken dishes that involve stuffing boneless breasts with anything from herbed compound butter, as in chicken Kiev , to a combination of meat and cheese, as in the more elaborate chicken cordon bleu . (yahoo.com)
  • Make your own roast chicken, the perfect dish for parties and gatherings. (panasonic.com)
  • The coronation chicken recipe called for a glass of wine. (latimes.com)
  • Three simple steps for chicken: a recipe every cook should have for every occasion. (jpost.com)
  • Mashed recipe developer Patterson Watkins shares this Chesapeake chicken (and crab) casserole to offer a taste of it for foodies wide and far. (yahoo.com)
  • This healthy, low-oil recipe features piquant lemon to accentuate the flavor of chicken. (panasonic.com)
  • A rotisserie chicken makes this recipe quick to fix. (nutrition.gov)
  • If you want a chicken recipe that is both healthy and full of flavor, the rotisserie chicken is one of the best dishes that are recommended for you. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The seasonings that you are going to add to the rotisserie chicken will depend on the recipe that you are cooking . (selfgrowth.com)
  • This baked chicken recipe comes from the unlikeliest of places -- my hometown public library . (kqed.org)
  • Rub mixture evenly over chicken thighs. (eatright.org)
  • For instance, chickens store fat primarily under the skin, and chicken thighs are higher in fat and cholesterol than breast meat. (healthline.com)
  • Start out with chicken quarters, separated into drumsticks and thighs. (kqed.org)
  • Yields 6-8 wraps Chicken Breast 1 PC Blue Menu Air Chilled Chicken Breasts. (cbc.ca)
  • The next trick is making sure the chicken breasts do not sit above the liquor line, where they will turn to sawdust in the intense heat of the steam collecting under the lid. (latimes.com)
  • For a streamlined take on classic chicken saltimbocca, the Italian dish that marries tender chicken with rich prosciutto and woodsy sage, we ditched the annoying toothpicks typically required to hold the ham in place and simply wrapped it around the chicken breasts. (yahoo.com)
  • Browning the breasts before transferring them to the oven worked to crisp the prosciutto and helped fuse it to the chicken. (yahoo.com)
  • Pat the chicken breasts dry with paper towels. (yahoo.com)
  • Butterfly the chicken breasts by cutting a slit in the center of each breast, slicing only ¾ of the way through the center meat, and leaving about ½ inch of clearance at the top and bottom of the breast. (yahoo.com)
  • Season the prepped chicken breasts with salt, pepper, and the remaining (½ teaspoon) Old Bay seasoning. (yahoo.com)
  • Nestle the seasoned chicken breasts into the sauced casserole dish. (yahoo.com)
  • Spoon any excess crab mix over the chicken breasts. (yahoo.com)
  • Once all the chicken breasts have been stuffed, sprinkle each with a hearty handful of cheese (about ¼ cup per breast). (yahoo.com)
  • You might want to check the internal chicken temperature with a meat thermometer at this point because Case notes that smaller, thinner chicken breasts may be done cooking and won't need finishing up in the oven. (yahoo.com)
  • Pour Simple Truth Organic Rosemary Honey Mustard Marinade over Simple Truth Organic Chicken Breasts. (buzzfeed.com)
  • When hot, add chicken breasts. (buzzfeed.com)
  • Butterflying the chicken breasts helps them cook evenly and quickly. (wholefoodsmarket.com)
  • Serves 4 1 whole roasting chicken, backbone removed, cut into 8 pieces 3 tbsp each extra virgin olive oil and butter 1. (cbc.ca)
  • Assuming your chicken has not reached an internal temperature of 165 F, you'll now need to cover the pan (foil will work for this) and put it into the oven. (yahoo.com)
  • Cover pan with a lid and continue to cook until chicken reaches an internal temperature of 165°F. Remove from heat. (buzzfeed.com)
  • Place the chicken on a roasting dish on the middle rack in the oven and bake uncovered for 1 hour and 20 to 30 minutes until the bird reaches an internal temperature of 165° Fahrenheit. (ehow.com)
  • Trim chicken, pat dry with paper towels, and season with salt and pepper. (yahoo.com)
  • Sprinkle the remaining salt and pepper over the chicken and rub it into the skin. (yahoo.com)
  • Rub oil all over the chicken and then season with salt and pepper on all sides liberally, including the cavity of the chicken. (ehow.com)
  • Season the chicken liberally on both sides with salt and pepper. (ehow.com)
  • Season both sides of all the chicken with additional salt and pepper, to taste. (oprah.com)
  • Bake until crispy and golden brown and chicken is no longer pink inside, about 20 to 25 minutes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In this case, coat the chicken and bake it! (umassmed.edu)
  • Bake for 20 minutes or until a thermometer inserted in thickest part of chicken reads 160 degrees. (umassmed.edu)
  • Transfer chicken to baking sheet and bake until it registers 160 degrees, 10 to 12 minutes. (yahoo.com)
  • Bake the chicken for 12 to 15 minutes, then check it again to see whether it has reached the proper temperature and the flesh no longer appears pink. (yahoo.com)
  • With a few simple techniques, you can ensure that every time you bake a chicken it comes out moist on the inside and gets that crispy skin on the outside that everyone loves! (ehow.com)
  • Bake for 1 hour and 20 to 30 minutes until the internal temperature of the chicken reaches 165° Fahrenheit and the vegetables are browned slightly. (ehow.com)
  • paprikás csirke or csirkepaprikás ) or paprika chicken is a popular dish of Hungarian origin and one of the most famous variations on the paprikás preparations common to Hungarian tables. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chicken paprikash was adopted as a Sabbath dish by the Jews of Hungary and Czechoslovakia and remains popular today amongst Ashkenazim . (wikipedia.org)
  • Chicken paprikasch is also a dish commonly eaten by Danube Swabians . (wikipedia.org)
  • Chef Carm cooks up chicken cacciatore, a classic Italian dish and personal comfort food of his growing up. (cbc.ca)
  • My own discovery of the startling deliciousness of simple chicken was accidental, an attempt many years ago to cook a famous British dish, coronation chicken. (latimes.com)
  • Add the chicken broth to the casserole dish and whisk to combine. (yahoo.com)
  • Less familiar but no less tasty is chicken Valentino, a dish created by the chef at an upscale Italian restaurant called Valentino's on the Green that is located in Queens, New York. (yahoo.com)
  • Once a full day has elapsed, preheat your oven to 450℉ and remove the chicken from the bag. (lifehacker.com)
  • Preheat a skillet that is large enough for the chicken to lay flat over medium high heat. (ehow.com)
  • Do you know what is in your chicken nuggets? (theeconomiccollapseblog.com)
  • As early as next summer, chicken nuggets and other chicken products (such as canned soup, frozen chicken wings and breaded chicken patties) made from chicken processed in China could be sold in grocery stores around the country. (theeconomiccollapseblog.com)
  • Place chicken pieces in the bag, reseal, and toss to coat. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dip a chicken breast into egg, allow excess to drip off, and press each side into flaxseed mixture to coat. (umassmed.edu)
  • Coat the spatchcocked chicken evenly with the lemon paste, and leave to rest in the fridge for about half a day. (panasonic.com)
  • With freshly-washed, completely clean hands, smear a thick coat of labneh over every inch of the outside of the chicken, making sure to get in-between joints and crevices. (lifehacker.com)
  • What you should do however is to rub the mixture of the seasonings on the chicken and then coat it with olive oil to seal in the flavorings. (selfgrowth.com)
  • seal tightly, shake to coat chicken and refrigerate at least 1 hour or overnight. (wholefoodsmarket.com)
  • Add the chicken and toss to coat. (jamieoliver.com)
  • Once the time's up, carefully spoon off any fat from the chicken and add to the potatoes, tossing to coat. (jamieoliver.com)
  • That casserole-coziness comes from that whole 'one-pan, baked, creamy-cheesy' bit, while the upscale elements come from the care-in-prep (butterflying the chicken for even cooking and max stuff-age) and treat-yo-self ingredients (like the lump crab meat). (yahoo.com)
  • But Kroger makes it easy to get all the ingredients you'll need for this delicious Chicken & Cheesy Garlic Rice. (buzzfeed.com)
  • This is actually one of the best chicken dishes since it is not just delicious but it is also healthy. (selfgrowth.com)
  • It is so delicious, if you're in a chicken dinner rut, this is your quick fix. (kqed.org)
  • Heat up your skillet and add a few tablespoons of oil, then sear the chicken, skin-side down, until a golden brown crust forms. (kqed.org)
  • Pan-sear the chicken, skin-side down, until golden brown. (kqed.org)
  • With a presentation focusing on how research using chicken embryos can help cure an unusual form of childhood cancer, researcher Sofie Mohlin took home the win in this year's final of the Forskar (Researcher) Grand Prix held in Stockholm on November 23rd, 2023. (lu.se)
  • Season the chicken by thoroughly rubbing the skin with salt, pepper, and thyme all over including the inside of the bird. (ehow.com)
  • China has started exporting cooked chicken meat to the United States. (observer.com)
  • We treat chicken as a landlubbing alternative to fish: a bland meat in need of something to give it flavor. (latimes.com)
  • Cut a pocket 4 inches long and 3 inches deep into the thickest part of each chicken breast, leaving about an inch of meat at the bottom. (yahoo.com)
  • Turn and cook for another minute until the chicken is cooked through, the juices run clear and there is no pink meat. (waitrose.com)
  • Well, for starters Chinese-processed chicken will be allowed to skip the 'Product of China' label in several instances because the country of origin labeling law, or "COOL," does not regulate cooked meat - and at least for now, the U.S. does not import raw chicken raised and/or slaughtered in China. (theeconomiccollapseblog.com)
  • in the last months alone, Chinese police discovered an illegal food smuggling plot to sell 46-year-old chicken feet treated with bleach, a criminal ring accused of selling rat and fox meat as lamb and abnormally high levels of cadmium, a metal that can cause cancer and other illnesses, in rice sold in Guangzhou restaurants . (theeconomiccollapseblog.com)
  • Moments after I put my labneh chicken in the oven, I discovered the battery in my meat thermometer was completely dead, which caused many swears to exit my mouth. (lifehacker.com)
  • When you're eating chicken, eat the white meat only. (healthline.com)
  • We know it is possible to reduce Salmonella contamination of chicken and the resulting illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1993, England and Wales launched a program to vaccinate chickens against both Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium and to improve hygiene through measures such as feed and flock testing, and cleaning and sanitizing buildings that held infected birds. (cdc.gov)
  • The following year, human infections of Salmonella Enteritidis associated with eating chicken dropped dramatically. (cdc.gov)
  • A farm-to-fork quantitative risk assessment model for Salmonella Heidelberg resistant to third-generation cephalosporins in broiler chickens in Canada. (bvsalud.org)
  • Salmonella Heidelberg resistant to ceftiofur (a third-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial agent ) in broiler chicken products pose a risk to public health in Canada . (bvsalud.org)
  • Norton S, Huhtinen E, Conaty S, Hope K, Campbell B, Tegel M, Boyd R, Cullen B. A large point-source outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to chicken, pork and salad rolls from a Vietnamese bakery in Sydney. (who.int)
  • The crisp flaxseed crust keeps the chicken wonderfully moist inside. (umassmed.edu)
  • This will also help in keeping the chicken moist during cooking so that the flavor will stay. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The chicken is super moist and falling-off-the-bone tender. (kqed.org)
  • Here are some guidelines on how you can prepare rotisserie chicken. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Once you have finished with the washing, cleaning and flavoring, you are now ready to cook your rotisserie chicken. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The rotisserie chicken will take about one hour and 30 minutes to cook but this will depend on the size of the chicken and the power of the rotisserie oven. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Remove the rotisserie chicken when it is already dark golden brown, making sure that it is not overly done since it will be dry in that case. (selfgrowth.com)
  • When it is done, pull the rotisserie chicken off the spit, wait for it to cool for about 10 minutes and you are now ready to carve and serve it. (selfgrowth.com)
  • It is not that difficult to cook rotisserie chicken especially if you are already an expert in the kitchen. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The roasting process will help in reducing the fat content of the chicken so if you are watching what you eat, you will have no problem with rotisserie chicken. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Just keep these guidelines in mind and you will surely be making the best rotisserie chicken. (selfgrowth.com)
  • For more information on Food and Recipes, Please visit Rotisserie Chicken Recipes , Grilled Chicken and Recipes for Chicken . (selfgrowth.com)
  • Furthermore, chicken poop has nitrogen in it, which produces much better manure than other animals.Chickens eat food scraps, which would largely reduce the amount of garbage waste in the house. (ipetitions.com)
  • Of course, chickens will happily dine on scraps from the kitchen but you'd be surprised at how they enjoy parts of vegetable plants that we normally do not consider consuming. (hgtv.com)
  • Teen Makes Teeny Pancakes for Pet Chickens Because 'They Is Good Chickens' "I made my chickens tiny pancakes because I love them. (nymag.com)
  • The food is standard breakfast fare, but there's really something special about being serenaded with Sweet Caroline by 100 animatronic chickens while you're eating your pancakes. (roadsideamerica.com)
  • Master Italian classic recipes for Grill-Roasted Chicken and Chicken Cacciatore in our Online Cooking School. (yahoo.com)
  • Therefore, if there are areas where you prefer chickens not roam, it's best to fence them off or try and redirect their interests by tossing a bit of chicken scratch in the opposite direction. (hgtv.com)
  • The chickens roam freely over the pastures at Avrom Farm in Ripon, Wisconsin. (chicagoreader.com)
  • Lay chicken in skillet and cook until lightly browned on both sides, 6 to 8 minutes. (yahoo.com)
  • This no-fuss skillet chicken gets braised in its own juices with onions, tomatoes, garlic, and herbs. (kqed.org)
  • Cook the chicken on one side for 6 minutes, then turn it over and cook it for 6 more minutes. (yahoo.com)
  • Once the chicken is done, take it out of the oven and let it rest for 5 minutes before cutting into it. (yahoo.com)
  • Flip chicken and cook for another 4 minutes. (buzzfeed.com)
  • Let chicken rest for 5-10 minutes before slicing. (buzzfeed.com)
  • Add half the chicken and fry, uncovered, for 3 minutes. (waitrose.com)
  • 3. Return the chicken to the pan and heat through for 2 minutes. (waitrose.com)
  • We were seated for about 40 minutes and saw the chickens sing twice. (roadsideamerica.com)
  • Remove from the oven, and let the chicken rest for 10 minutes (use this time to take photos of your very pretty chicken). (lifehacker.com)
  • Working in 2 batches and maintaining oil temperature, fry chicken until golden brown, crisp, and cooked through, about 3 minutes per side. (foodnetwork.com)
  • Stir in the chicken and heat through, about 2 minutes. (nutrition.gov)
  • Let the chicken rest for 15 minutes before slicing and serving. (ehow.com)
  • Alternatively, prepare a grill for medium-high heat cooking and grill chicken until just cooked through, about 5 minutes per side. (wholefoodsmarket.com)
  • Place the potato tray on the middle shelf of the oven and the chicken tray on the top shelf to roast for 20 minutes. (jamieoliver.com)
  • Return both trays to the oven to roast for a further 25 minutes or until the chicken pulls away easily from the bone, placing the frozen corn straight onto the bars of the bottom shelf to cook alongside. (jamieoliver.com)
  • Lay chicken on prepared sheet, skin-side down, and broil for 5 minutes. (oprah.com)
  • Flip and continue cooking for 6 to 8 more minutes, until skin is crispy and chicken is cooked through. (oprah.com)
  • Continue to cook until chicken is tender, about 50 minutes. (cuisinart.com)
  • Add the chicken and curry powder then cook for 5-10 minutes, or until lightly browned. (itv.com)
  • Allow the curry to simmer gently for around 15 minutes, until the chicken is cooked through. (itv.com)
  • Repeat with each chicken breast. (umassmed.edu)
  • Repeat that same slicing motion from step 8 on the right side of the chicken breast, gently pulling the left and right sides of the chicken breast outward to reveal a larger pocket in the center. (yahoo.com)
  • 1) Place the chicken breast-side down, with the legs towards you. (panasonic.com)
  • Remove any giblets or plastic or anything else that may be hanging out inside the chicken cavity from the chicken. (lifehacker.com)
  • Season the chicken heavily with salt, making sure to season inside the cavity in addition to the outside. (lifehacker.com)
  • At the tail end, check for the kidneys, the dark reddish colored parts at the back side of the chicken cavity. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Also, do not forget to put some seasoning inside the cavity of the chicken rotisserie such that the flavor will not just be on the outside. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Fill the cavity of the chicken with 1/2 of the onion, both halves of garlic, and lemon slices. (ehow.com)
  • C) The white elevated plaques were observed on the chorioallantoic membrane of inoculated specific pathogen free chicken embryos 4 days postinoculation. (cdc.gov)
  • Set the burner to medium and heat up the oil, then put the chicken in the pan skin-side down. (yahoo.com)
  • Then, flip the pieces of chicken over and turn the heat off. (kqed.org)
  • Case feels that her chicken Valentino is best eaten hot, but says you can refrigerate the leftovers for 3 days. (yahoo.com)
  • Refrigerate this mixture if the chicken isn't going to be stuffed right away. (yahoo.com)
  • Before a quick turn under the broiler, the chicken takes on bright flavors while marinating. (wholefoodsmarket.com)
  • Like Samin's buttermilk-marinated chicken, a labneh-coated chicken is exposed to acid, fat, and protein, making for a tender, juicy bird with a gloriously brown skin. (lifehacker.com)
  • Unlike a buttermilk-marinated chicken, you do not have to worry about liquid spilling while marinating, so you can be much lazier with your chicken bagging. (lifehacker.com)
  • Mix chicken and barbeque sauce in a large bowl. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Drizzle sauce over chicken and serve. (yahoo.com)
  • As the weather cools down, enjoy this stew made with hominy, red chile sauce, and shredded chicken. (nutrition.gov)
  • You'll never guess how easy this is judging from the tender, juicy chicken you get, smothered in roasted tomatoes, melted onions, sweet garlic, rosemary and thyme, and a rich sherry wine sauce. (kqed.org)
  • Remove the lid, take out the chicken and simmer the sauce rapidly to reduce the sauce until thick. (itv.com)
  • In 2021, chicken stock in Indonesia amounted to approximately 3.48 billion heads. (statista.com)
  • The eggs neighborhood chickens would produce would be organic, making the people healthier. (ipetitions.com)
  • While people assume that chicken is lower in saturated fat than beef, it doesn't mean it's necessarily healthier. (healthline.com)
  • This is all very international, but the thing one almost never sees is chicken served on the merits of its own flavor. (latimes.com)
  • It's true chicken flavor. (latimes.com)
  • There are endless flavor combinations when it comes to seasoning a chicken. (ehow.com)
  • That's no problem, since the leftover stuffed chicken can also be frozen. (yahoo.com)
  • Using poultry shears, cut up each side of the backbone to remove it, and open out (spatchcock) the chicken. (panasonic.com)
  • Using kitchen shears, cut out the backbone of the chicken by cutting alongside the bone on each side and remove. (ehow.com)
  • While the chicken is browning, cut up the onion into half-moon slivers, and peel and smash the garlic. (kqed.org)
  • 2. Spread onion slices over chicken. (jpost.com)
  • A traditional version made with diced chicken and a creamy dressing, with parsley, celery and onion for some crunch. (wholefoodsmarket.com)
  • Finishing the chicken in the oven allowed it to cook through gently and ensured that the prosciutto didn't burn or become leathery in the meantime. (yahoo.com)
  • Gently loosen the chicken skin with your finger and slide about a quarter of the herb mixture underneath. (oprah.com)
  • Kinetic Carnival] Clinton Hill: Why go to a food co-op or the farmers' market when you can raise chickens right behind your own brownstone? (nymag.com)
  • Chickens lay eggs daily, providing a constant flow of food source. (ipetitions.com)
  • While spiced food can be an acquired taste, this simmered chicken amounts to dinner without frontiers. (latimes.com)
  • Very silly diner with decent food and singing animatronic chickens. (roadsideamerica.com)
  • After their bodies are exhausted and their egg production drops, many are killed and their bodies are used for chicken soup or cat or dog food because their flesh is too bruised and battered to be suitable for much else. (peta.org)
  • As part of the live show, Georgie from Jamie's Food Team cooks a gorgeous Cypriot Style Chicken. (jamieoliver.com)
  • Don't let Christian-corporate fast food tell you anything different: fried chicken is queer. (chicagoreader.com)
  • fold prosciutto over chicken. (yahoo.com)
  • Repeat with remaining prosciutto and chicken. (yahoo.com)
  • Fill each chicken pocket with a piece of prosciutto and about 3 tablespoons of the cream cheese mixture. (yahoo.com)
  • In fact, we grow an entirely chicken friendly garden right near their coop for them to enjoy. (hgtv.com)
  • One of the birds hatches a plot to fly the coop at Tweedy's Chicken Farm. (metacritic.com)
  • Before cooking, remove the chicken from the fridge and allow it to return to room temperature. (panasonic.com)
  • Let the chicken stand at room temperature for half an hour. (lifehacker.com)
  • Baste the chicken in the remaining juices, scraping up any sticky bits from the bottom of the tray. (jamieoliver.com)
  • Serve the chicken and potatoes alongside the slaw, rolling the corn in all the lovely chicken tray juices before plating up. (jamieoliver.com)
  • Then, the whole thing goes in the oven where the chicken gets braised in its own juices and those of the onions and tomatoes that melt down. (kqed.org)