Chickenpox
Chickenpox Vaccine
Herpesvirus 3, Human
Vaccines
Herpes Zoster
Vaccines, Inactivated
Viral Vaccines
Vaccines, DNA
Vaccines, Synthetic
Herpes Zoster Vaccine
Bacterial Vaccines
Vaccination
AIDS Vaccines
Smallpox
Varicellovirus
Vaccines, Subunit
Vaccines, Conjugate
Acyclovir
Malaria Vaccines
Papillomavirus Vaccines
Fasciitis, Necrotizing
Meningococcal Vaccines
Immunity, Herd
Mumps
Hepatitis B Vaccines
Measles Vaccine
Pertussis Vaccine
Haemophilus Vaccines
BCG Vaccine
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
Rabies Vaccines
Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional
Cholera Vaccines
Immunization Programs
Disease Outbreaks
Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
Smallpox Vaccine
Incidence
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
Immunoglobulin G
Mumps Vaccine
Hepatitis A Vaccines
Immunization Schedule
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Immunization, Secondary
Israel
Dengue Vaccines
Risk factors for breakthrough varicella in healthy children. (1/283)
AIM: To evaluate the risk factors for breakthrough varicella in a follow up study of a cohort of 181 healthy children immunised when aged 9-24 months with a reformulated Oka strain varicella vaccine (SmithKline Beecham Biologicals/Oka). DESIGN: The children were randomised in a double blind manner into one of four groups to receive one of two production lot vaccine batches, at two different titres (high titre, 10(3.9) and 10(4.0) plaque forming units (pfu); low titre (heat exposed), 10(2.7) and 10(2.8) pfu). The overall seroconversion rate after immunisation was 99%. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-eight patients were available for review after a mean (SD) follow up of 35 (9) months after vaccination. Multivariate analysis indicated that risk factors for breakthrough varicella were household contact with varicella (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 19.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 18.39 to 21.39), vaccination age of < or = 14 months (adjusted OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.69 to 2.90), and receiving low titre (10(2.7) pfu) vaccine (adjusted OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.73). All children who developed breakthrough varicella, had a modified varicella illness, except for three, all of whom had received low titre vaccine. CONCLUSION: The identification of young immunisation age (< or = 14 months) and low titre vaccine as risk factors for breakthrough varicella have important implications for the implementation of varicella vaccination programmes in healthy children. (+info)Prevention of varicella. Update recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). (2/283)
In February 1999, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) expanded recommendations for varicella (chickenpox) vaccine to promote wider use of the vaccine for susceptible children and adults. The updated recommendations include establishing child care and school entry requirements, use of the vaccine following exposure and for outbreak control, use of the vaccine for some children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and vaccination of adults and adolescents at high risk for exposure. These recommendations also provide new information on varicella vaccine postlicensure safety data. (+info)Varicella-zoster virus-specific cellular immunity in subjects given acyclovir after household chickenpox exposure. (3/283)
The time course of primary cell-mediated immune responses to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) among persons receiving acyclovir prophylaxis after exposure to chickenpox has not been well defined. Fifteen children who had household exposure to varicella received prophylactic acyclovir (40 mg/kg/day for 7-14 days after exposure) and were studied for development of both antibody and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to VZV. Twelve developed antibodies and/or CMI; 10 had no symptoms and 2 manifested mild varicella. Two were already immune to varicella and had booster immune responses. One was not infected and subsequently developed full-blown varicella. Although acyclovir given after exposure to VZV is highly effective and does not appear to attenuate the immune response, it remains necessary to confirm whether, in the absence of clinical varicella, persons acquire specific immunity. (+info)Infant vaccinations and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the USA. (4/283)
Previous studies have suggested that infant vaccinations may reduce the risk of subsequent childhood leukaemia. Vaccination histories were compared in 439 children (ages 0-14) diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in nine Midwestern and Mid-Atlantic states (USA) between 1 January 1989 and 30 June 1993 and 439 controls selected by random-digit dialing and individually matched to cases on age, race and telephone exchange. Among matched pairs, similar proportions of cases and controls had received at least one dose of oral poliovirus (98%), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (97%), and measles-mumps-rubella (90%) vaccines. Only 47% of cases and 53% of controls had received any Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine (relative risk (RR) = 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50-1.06). Although similar proportions of cases (12%) and controls (11%) received the polysaccharide Hib vaccine (RR = 1.13; 95% CI 0.64-1.98), more controls (41%) than cases (35%) received the conjugate Hib vaccine (RR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.89). Although we found no relationship between most infant vaccinations and subsequent risk of childhood ALL, our findings suggest that infants receiving the conjugate Hib vaccine may be at reduced risk of subsequent childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Further studies are needed to confirm this association and, if confirmed, to elucidate the underlying mechanism. (+info)Immunisation against varicella in end stage and pre-end stage renal failure. Trans-Pennine Paediatric Nephrology Study Group. (5/283)
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the seroconversion rate and duration of persistence of protective antibody titres after varicella immunisation in children with renal failure. DESIGN: 32 children (25 end stage and 7 pre-end stage renal failure) were immunised using 2 x 2,000 plaque forming unit doses of varicella vaccine 3 months apart. Varicella antibody titres were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: All children initially seroconverted after immunisation. At a mean follow up of 20.3 months, 23 of 28 had protective antibody titres, 4 children having died of unrelated causes. Two children required a third booster dose. 11 children underwent renal transplantation; 10 had protective titres at the time of transplantation and, at a mean of 23.4 months after immunisation, 6 currently have protective titres. Minor side effects occurred after 11 vaccine doses in 9 children. No child developed varicella, despite 10 clear episodes of exposure to the wild-type virus. CONCLUSIONS: Varicella immunisation in children with end stage and pre-end stage renal failure results in a high rate of seroconversion and persistence of protective antibody titres. More widespread use of the vaccine before renal transplantation is recommended. (+info)Incidence, risk factors and outcome of varicella-zoster virus infection in children after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (6/283)
We report a retrospective analysis of VZV infection after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in children. Thirty-three (30%) of the total 109 children who were transplanted during a 7 year period developed post-transplant VZV infection. Twenty-four of these 33 (73%) children had VZV infection within 1 year following HSCT. The cumulative incidences of post-transplant VZV infection at 1 and 5 years were 26% and 45%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of pretransplant VZV serology in recipients on the development of HZ following HSCT were 39% and 88%, respectively. Pretransplant VZV seropositivity in recipients was the only risk factor for post-transplant herpes zoster (HZ) infection on multivariate analysis. All patients responded to acyclovir. The median duration of VZV infection was 5 days. Three (11%) and one (3%) children with HZ developed visceral dissemination and post-herpetic neuralgia, respectively. No mortality was directly attributed to VZV infection. VZV infection remains a major cause of morbidity in children after HSCT. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the potential use of VZV vaccine in these children. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 25, 167-172. (+info)Vaccination coverage among adolescents 1 year before the institution of a seventh grade school entry vaccination requirement--San Diego, California, 1998. (7/283)
In 1996, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Association of Family Physicians, and the American Medical Association recommended routine health-care visits for children aged 11-12 years, emphasizing vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine; measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR); tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td); and varicella vaccine. Because no national data exist regarding vaccination coverage among adolescents, the impact of these recommendations is unknown. In October 1997, California enacted Assembly Bill 381 (AB381) that requires students entering the seventh grade on or after July 1, 1999, to have received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine and two doses of MMR. To assist in planning and implementing AB381, the San Diego County Health Department expanded its 1998 infant and adult vaccination survey to include fifth and sixth graders. This report summarizes the findings from that survey, which indicate that most fifth and sixth graders lacked required and recommended vaccinations. (+info)Nucleotide sequences that distinguish Oka vaccine from parental Oka and other varicella-zoster virus isolates. (8/283)
The sequences of approximately 34 kb from the 3' end of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) Oka vaccine strain and the previously sequenced Dumas strain were compared. Sequence differences were noted in the coding sequences of several VZV open reading frames (ORFs), including ORFs 48, 51, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, and 68. Tests based on differences in the ORF62 gene and in the ORF64 poly-A region successfully distinguished the Oka vaccine strain from its wild-type parent and from other Japanese and US clinical isolates. These changes remained stable after passage of the virus in humans. (+info)Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It is characterized by an itchy, blister-like rash that typically covers the body and can also affect the mouth, eyes, and scalp. The rash progresses through various stages, from red bumps to fluid-filled blisters to scabs, before ultimately healing.
Chickenpox is usually a mild disease in children but can be more severe in adults, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Common symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, and loss of appetite, which often precede the onset of the rash. The infection typically lasts about 1-2 weeks, and once a person has had chickenpox, they usually develop immunity to future infections.
A vaccine is available to prevent chickenpox, and it is routinely administered to children as part of their childhood vaccination schedule. In some cases, the vaccine may be recommended for adults who have not had chickenpox or been vaccinated previously.
The chickenpox vaccine, also known as varicella vaccine, is a preventive measure against the highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The vaccine contains a live but weakened form of the virus, which stimulates the immune system to produce a response without causing the disease itself.
The chickenpox vaccine is typically given in two doses, with the first dose administered between 12 and 15 months of age and the second dose between 4 and 6 years of age. In some cases, the vaccine may be given to older children, adolescents, or adults who have not previously been vaccinated or who have never had chickenpox.
The chickenpox vaccine is highly effective at preventing severe cases of the disease and reducing the risk of complications such as bacterial infections, pneumonia, and encephalitis. It is also effective at preventing transmission of the virus to others.
Like any vaccine, the chickenpox vaccine can cause mild side effects such as soreness at the injection site, fever, or a mild rash. However, these side effects are generally mild and short-lived. Serious side effects are rare but may include allergic reactions or severe immune responses.
Overall, the chickenpox vaccine is a safe and effective way to prevent this common childhood disease and its potential complications.
Also known as Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Herpesvirus 3, Human is a species-specific alphaherpesvirus that causes two distinct diseases: chickenpox (varicella) during primary infection and herpes zoster (shingles) upon reactivation of latent infection.
Chickenpox is typically a self-limiting disease characterized by a generalized, pruritic vesicular rash, fever, and malaise. After resolution of the primary infection, VZV remains latent in the sensory ganglia and can reactivate later in life to cause herpes zoster, which is characterized by a unilateral, dermatomal vesicular rash and pain.
Herpesvirus 3, Human is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets or direct contact with the chickenpox rash. Vaccination is available to prevent primary infection and reduce the risk of complications associated with chickenpox and herpes zoster.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. It typically contains an agent that resembles the disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it encounters in the future.
Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight disease that is already present). The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccinations are generally administered through needle injections, but can also be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.
The term "vaccine" comes from Edward Jenner's 1796 use of cowpox to create immunity to smallpox. The first successful vaccine was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner, who showed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox. He reasoned that exposure to cowpox protected against smallpox and tested his theory by injecting a boy with pus from a cowpox sore and then exposing him to smallpox, which the boy did not contract. The word "vaccine" is derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 during a conversation with a fellow physician and later in the title of his 1801 Inquiry.
Herpes zoster, also known as shingles, is a viral infection that causes a painful rash. It's caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. After you recover from chickenpox, the virus lies dormant in your nerve cells and can reactivate later in life as herpes zoster.
The hallmark symptom of herpes zoster is a unilateral, vesicular rash that occurs in a dermatomal distribution, which means it follows the path of a specific nerve. The rash usually affects one side of the body and can wrap around either the left or right side of your torso.
Before the rash appears, you may experience symptoms such as pain, tingling, or itching in the area where the rash will develop. Other possible symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle weakness. The rash typically scabs over and heals within two to four weeks, but some people may continue to experience pain in the affected area for months or even years after the rash has healed. This is known as postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).
Herpes zoster is most common in older adults and people with weakened immune systems, although anyone who has had chickenpox can develop the condition. It's important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have herpes zoster, as early treatment with antiviral medications can help reduce the severity and duration of the rash and lower your risk of developing complications such as PHN.
Inactivated vaccines, also known as killed or non-live vaccines, are created by using a version of the virus or bacteria that has been grown in a laboratory and then killed or inactivated with chemicals, heat, or radiation. This process renders the organism unable to cause disease, but still capable of stimulating an immune response when introduced into the body.
Inactivated vaccines are generally considered safer than live attenuated vaccines since they cannot revert back to a virulent form and cause illness. However, they may require multiple doses or booster shots to maintain immunity because the immune response generated by inactivated vaccines is not as robust as that produced by live vaccines. Examples of inactivated vaccines include those for hepatitis A, rabies, and influenza (inactivated flu vaccine).
A viral vaccine is a biological preparation that introduces your body to a specific virus in a way that helps your immune system build up protection against the virus without causing the illness. Viral vaccines can be made from weakened or inactivated forms of the virus, or parts of the virus such as proteins or sugars. Once introduced to the body, the immune system recognizes the virus as foreign and produces an immune response, including the production of antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body and provide immunity against future infection with that specific virus.
Viral vaccines are important tools for preventing infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis A and B, rabies, rotavirus, chickenpox, shingles, and some types of cancer. Vaccination programs have led to the control or elimination of many infectious diseases that were once common.
It's important to note that viral vaccines are not effective against bacterial infections, and separate vaccines must be developed for each type of virus. Additionally, because viruses can mutate over time, it is necessary to update some viral vaccines periodically to ensure continued protection.
Skin diseases of viral origin are conditions that affect the skin caused by viral infections. These infections can lead to various symptoms such as rashes, blisters, papules, and skin lesions. Some common examples of viral skin diseases include:
1. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection: This causes cold sores or genital herpes, which are characterized by small, painful blisters on the skin.
2. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection: This causes chickenpox and shingles, which are characterized by itchy, fluid-filled blisters on the skin.
3. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection: This causes warts, which are small, rough growths on the skin.
4. Molluscum contagiosum: This is a viral infection that causes small, raised, and pearly white bumps on the skin.
5. Measles: This is a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a rash that spreads all over the body.
6. Rubella: Also known as German measles, this viral infection causes a red rash on the face and neck that spreads to the rest of the body.
Viral skin diseases can be spread through direct contact with an infected person or contaminated objects, such as towels or bedding. Some viral skin diseases can be prevented through vaccination, while others can be treated with antiviral medications or other therapies.
Combined vaccines are defined in medical terms as vaccines that contain two or more antigens from different diseases, which are given to provide protection against multiple diseases at the same time. This approach reduces the number of injections required and simplifies the immunization schedule, especially during early childhood. Examples of combined vaccines include:
1. DTaP-Hib-IPV (e.g., Pentacel): A vaccine that combines diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, and poliovirus components in one injection to protect against these five diseases.
2. MMRV (e.g., ProQuad): A vaccine that combines measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) antigens in a single injection to provide immunity against all four diseases.
3. HepA-HepB (e.g., Twinrix): A vaccine that combines hepatitis A and hepatitis B antigens in one injection, providing protection against both types of hepatitis.
4. MenACWY-TT (e.g., MenQuadfi): A vaccine that combines four serogroups of meningococcal bacteria (A, C, W, Y) with tetanus toxoid as a carrier protein in one injection for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by these serogroups.
5. PCV13-PPSV23 (e.g., Vaxneuvance): A vaccine that combines 13 pneumococcal serotypes with PPSV23, providing protection against a broader range of pneumococcal diseases in adults aged 18 years and older.
Combined vaccines have been thoroughly tested for safety and efficacy to ensure they provide a strong immune response and an acceptable safety profile. They are essential tools in preventing various infectious diseases and improving overall public health.
I could not find a specific medical definition for "Vaccines, DNA." However, I can provide you with some information about DNA vaccines.
DNA vaccines are a type of vaccine that uses genetically engineered DNA to stimulate an immune response in the body. They work by introducing a small piece of DNA into the body that contains the genetic code for a specific antigen (a substance that triggers an immune response). The cells of the body then use this DNA to produce the antigen, which prompts the immune system to recognize and attack it.
DNA vaccines have several advantages over traditional vaccines. They are relatively easy to produce, can be stored at room temperature, and can be designed to protect against a wide range of diseases. Additionally, because they use DNA to stimulate an immune response, DNA vaccines do not require the growth and culture of viruses or bacteria, which can make them safer than traditional vaccines.
DNA vaccines are still in the experimental stages, and more research is needed to determine their safety and effectiveness. However, they have shown promise in animal studies and are being investigated as a potential tool for preventing a variety of infectious diseases, including influenza, HIV, and cancer.
Synthetic vaccines are artificially produced, designed to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against specific diseases. Unlike traditional vaccines that are derived from weakened or killed pathogens, synthetic vaccines are created using synthetic components, such as synthesized viral proteins, DNA, or RNA. These components mimic the disease-causing agent and trigger an immune response without causing the actual disease. The use of synthetic vaccines offers advantages in terms of safety, consistency, and scalability in production, making them valuable tools for preventing infectious diseases.
The Herpes Zoster vaccine, also known as the shingles vaccine, is a preventive measure against the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in individuals who have previously had chickenpox. The vaccine contains a live but weakened form of VZV that boosts the immune system's ability to recognize and fight off the virus, thereby reducing the risk of developing shingles and its complications. It is typically administered as a single dose for people aged 50 and older, or as a two-dose series for those aged 19 and older who have weakened immune systems.
Bacterial vaccines are types of vaccines that are created using bacteria or parts of bacteria as the immunogen, which is the substance that triggers an immune response in the body. The purpose of a bacterial vaccine is to stimulate the immune system to develop protection against specific bacterial infections.
There are several types of bacterial vaccines, including:
1. Inactivated or killed whole-cell vaccines: These vaccines contain entire bacteria that have been killed or inactivated through various methods, such as heat or chemicals. The bacteria can no longer cause disease, but they still retain the ability to stimulate an immune response.
2. Subunit, protein, or polysaccharide vaccines: These vaccines use specific components of the bacterium, such as proteins or polysaccharides, that are known to trigger an immune response. By using only these components, the vaccine can avoid using the entire bacterium, which may reduce the risk of adverse reactions.
3. Live attenuated vaccines: These vaccines contain live bacteria that have been weakened or attenuated so that they cannot cause disease but still retain the ability to stimulate an immune response. This type of vaccine can provide long-lasting immunity, but it may not be suitable for people with weakened immune systems.
Bacterial vaccines are essential tools in preventing and controlling bacterial infections, reducing the burden of diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumococcal disease, meningococcal disease, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. They work by exposing the immune system to a harmless form of the bacteria or its components, which triggers the production of antibodies and memory cells that can recognize and fight off future infections with that same bacterium.
It's important to note that while vaccines are generally safe and effective, they may cause mild side effects such as pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site, fever, or fatigue. Serious side effects are rare but can occur, so it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider before receiving any vaccine.
Vaccination is a simple, safe, and effective way to protect people against harmful diseases, before they come into contact with them. It uses your body's natural defenses to build protection to specific infections and makes your immune system stronger.
A vaccination usually contains a small, harmless piece of a virus or bacteria (or toxins produced by these germs) that has been made inactive or weakened so it won't cause the disease itself. This piece of the germ is known as an antigen. When the vaccine is introduced into the body, the immune system recognizes the antigen as foreign and produces antibodies to fight it.
If a person then comes into contact with the actual disease-causing germ, their immune system will recognize it and immediately produce antibodies to destroy it. The person is therefore protected against that disease. This is known as active immunity.
Vaccinations are important for both individual and public health. They prevent the spread of contagious diseases and protect vulnerable members of the population, such as young children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems who cannot be vaccinated or for whom vaccination is not effective.
An AIDS vaccine is a type of preventive vaccine that aims to stimulate the immune system to produce an effective response against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The goal of an AIDS vaccine is to induce the production of immune cells and proteins that can recognize and eliminate HIV-infected cells, thereby preventing the establishment of a persistent infection.
Despite decades of research, there is still no licensed AIDS vaccine available. This is due in part to the unique challenges posed by HIV, which has a high mutation rate and can rapidly evolve to evade the immune system's defenses. However, several promising vaccine candidates are currently being tested in clinical trials around the world, and researchers continue to explore new approaches and strategies for developing an effective AIDS vaccine.
Smallpox is a severe, contagious, and fatal infectious disease caused by the variola virus. It's characterized by fever, malaise, prostration, headache, and backache; followed by a distinctive rash with flat, red spots that turn into small blisters filled with clear fluid, then pus, and finally crust, scab, and fall off after about two weeks, leaving permanent scarring. There are two clinical forms of smallpox: variola major and variola minor. Variola major is the severe and most common form, with a mortality rate of 30% or higher. Variola minor is a less common presentation with milder symptoms and a lower mortality rate of about 1%.
Smallpox was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980 following a successful global vaccination campaign, and routine smallpox vaccination has since been discontinued. However, due to concerns about bioterrorism, military personnel and some healthcare workers may still receive smallpox vaccinations as a precautionary measure.
Viral pneumonia is a type of pneumonia caused by viral infection. It primarily affects the upper and lower respiratory tract, leading to inflammation of the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs. This results in symptoms such as cough, difficulty breathing, fever, fatigue, and chest pain. Common viruses that can cause pneumonia include influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus. Viral pneumonia is often milder than bacterial pneumonia but can still be serious, especially in young children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as rest, hydration, and fever reduction, while the body fights off the virus. In some cases, antiviral medications may be used to help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Varicellovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. This genus includes several human and animal viruses that are closely related to each other. The most well-known member of this genus is the Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which causes two distinct diseases: chickenpox (varicella) and shingles (zoster).
The Varicellovirus genus includes the following species:
1. Human alphaherpesvirus 3 (Varicella-zoster virus)
2. Simian varicella virus
3. Bovine herpesvirus 1
4. Bovine herpesvirus 5
5. Pseudorabies virus
6. Equid herpesvirus 1
7. Equid herpesvirus 3
8. Equid herpesvirus 4
9. Equid herpesvirus 8
10. Equid herpesvirus 9
11. Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (Herpes B virus)
12. Cercopithecine herpesvirus 2
13. Suid herpesvirus 1 (Aujeszky's disease virus)
14. Canid herpesvirus 1
15. Felid herpesvirus 1
These viruses are characterized by their ability to establish latency in the nervous system of their hosts and reactivate later in life, causing recurrent disease. They typically have a broad host range and can infect multiple species within a family or genus.
A subunit vaccine is a type of vaccine that contains a specific piece or component of the microorganism (such as a protein, sugar, or part of the bacterial outer membrane), instead of containing the entire organism. This piece of the microorganism is known as an antigen, and it stimulates an immune response in the body, allowing the development of immunity against the targeted infection without introducing the risk of disease associated with live vaccines.
Subunit vaccines offer several advantages over other types of vaccines. They are generally safer because they do not contain live or weakened microorganisms, making them suitable for individuals with weakened immune systems or specific medical conditions that prevent them from receiving live vaccines. Additionally, subunit vaccines can be designed to focus on the most immunogenic components of a pathogen, potentially leading to stronger and more targeted immune responses.
Examples of subunit vaccines include the Hepatitis B vaccine, which contains a viral protein, and the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, which uses pieces of the bacterial polysaccharide capsule. These vaccines have been crucial in preventing serious infectious diseases and reducing associated complications worldwide.
Conjugate vaccines are a type of vaccine that combines a part of a bacterium with a protein or other substance to boost the body's immune response to the bacteria. The bacterial component is usually a polysaccharide, which is a long chain of sugars that makes up part of the bacterial cell wall.
By itself, a polysaccharide is not very immunogenic, meaning it does not stimulate a strong immune response. However, when it is conjugated or linked to a protein or other carrier molecule, it becomes much more immunogenic and can elicit a stronger and longer-lasting immune response.
Conjugate vaccines are particularly effective in protecting against bacterial infections that affect young children, such as Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcal disease. These vaccines have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of these diseases and their associated complications, such as meningitis and pneumonia.
Overall, conjugate vaccines work by mimicking a natural infection and stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that can protect against future infections with the same bacterium. By combining a weakly immunogenic polysaccharide with a protein carrier, these vaccines can elicit a stronger and more effective immune response, providing long-lasting protection against bacterial infections.
Acyclovir is an antiviral medication used for the treatment of infections caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSV) including genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles (varicella-zoster virus). It works by interfering with the replication of the virus's DNA, thereby preventing the virus from multiplying further. Acyclovir is available in various forms such as oral tablets, capsules, creams, and intravenous solutions.
The medical definition of 'Acyclovir' is:
Acyclovir (brand name Zovirax) is a synthetic nucleoside analogue that functions as an antiviral agent, specifically against herpes simplex viruses (HSV) types 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Acyclovir is converted to its active form, acyclovir triphosphate, by viral thymidine kinase. This activated form then inhibits viral DNA polymerase, preventing further replication of the virus's DNA.
Acyclovir has a relatively low toxicity profile and is generally well-tolerated, although side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache can occur. In rare cases, more serious side effects such as kidney damage, seizures, or neurological problems may occur. It is important to take acyclovir exactly as directed by a healthcare provider and to report any unusual symptoms promptly.
Antibodies, viral are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection with a virus. These antibodies are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens on the surface of the virus, which helps to neutralize or destroy the virus and prevent its replication. Once produced, these antibodies can provide immunity against future infections with the same virus.
Viral antibodies are typically composed of four polypeptide chains - two heavy chains and two light chains - that are held together by disulfide bonds. The binding site for the antigen is located at the tip of the Y-shaped structure, formed by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains.
There are five classes of antibodies in humans: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has a different function and is distributed differently throughout the body. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the bloodstream and provides long-term immunity against viruses, while IgA is found primarily in mucous membranes and helps to protect against respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.
In addition to their role in the immune response, viral antibodies can also be used as diagnostic tools to detect the presence of a specific virus in a patient's blood or other bodily fluids.
Malaria vaccines are biological preparations that induce immunity against malaria parasites, thereby preventing or reducing the severity of malaria disease. They typically contain antigens (proteins or other molecules derived from the parasite) that stimulate an immune response in the recipient, enabling their body to recognize and neutralize the pathogen upon exposure.
The most advanced malaria vaccine candidate is RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix), which targets the Plasmodium falciparum parasite's circumsporozoite protein (CSP). This vaccine has shown partial protection in clinical trials, reducing the risk of severe malaria and hospitalization in young children by about 30% over four years. However, it does not provide complete immunity, and additional research is ongoing to develop more effective vaccines against malaria.
Mass vaccination is a coordinated effort to administer vaccine doses to a large portion of a population in a short amount of time. This strategy is often used during outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as influenza or measles, to quickly build up community immunity (herd immunity) and reduce the spread of the disease. Mass vaccination campaigns can also be implemented as part of public health initiatives to control or eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases in a population. These campaigns typically involve mobilizing healthcare workers, volunteers, and resources to reach and vaccinate as many people as possible, often through mobile clinics, community centers, and other accessible locations.
Papillomavirus vaccines are vaccines that have been developed to prevent infection by human papillomaviruses (HPV). HPV is a DNA virus that is capable of infecting the skin and mucous membranes. Certain types of HPV are known to cause cervical cancer, as well as other types of cancer such as anal, penile, vulvar, and oropharyngeal cancers. Other types of HPV can cause genital warts.
There are currently two papillomavirus vaccines that have been approved for use in the United States: Gardasil and Cervarix. Both vaccines protect against the two most common cancer-causing types of HPV (types 16 and 18), which together cause about 70% of cervical cancers. Gardasil also protects against the two most common types of HPV that cause genital warts (types 6 and 11).
Papillomavirus vaccines are given as a series of three shots over a period of six months. They are most effective when given to people before they become sexually active, as this reduces the risk of exposure to HPV. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that all boys and girls get vaccinated against HPV at age 11 or 12, but the vaccine can be given to people as young as age 9 and as old as age 26.
It is important to note that papillomavirus vaccines do not protect against all types of HPV, and they do not treat existing HPV infections or cervical cancer. They are intended to prevent new HPV infections and the cancers and other diseases that can be caused by HPV.
Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious bacterial infection that affects the fascia, which is the tissue that surrounds muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The infection can also spread to the muscle and skin. It is often caused by a combination of different types of bacteria, including group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus.
The infection causes extensive tissue damage and necrosis (death) of the fascia and surrounding tissues. It can progress rapidly and can be fatal if not treated promptly with aggressive surgical debridement (removal of dead tissue) and antibiotics.
Symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis include severe pain, swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected area; fever; chills; and general weakness. It is important to seek medical attention immediately if these symptoms occur, as early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve outcomes.
Meningococcal vaccines are vaccines that protect against Neisseria meningitidis, a type of bacteria that can cause serious infections such as meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord) and septicemia (bloodstream infection). There are several types of meningococcal vaccines available, including conjugate vaccines and polysaccharide vaccines. These vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies that can protect against the different serogroups of N. meningitidis, including A, B, C, Y, and W-135. The specific type of vaccine used and the number of doses required may depend on a person's age, health status, and other factors. Meningococcal vaccines are recommended for certain high-risk populations, such as infants, young children, adolescents, and people with certain medical conditions, as well as for travelers to areas where meningococcal disease is common.
Herd immunity, also known as community immunity or population immunity, is a form of indirect protection from infectious diseases that occurs when a large percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, either through vaccination or previous illness. This reduces the likelihood of infection for individuals who are not immune, especially those who cannot receive vaccines due to medical reasons. The more people in a community who are immune, the less likely the disease will spread and the entire community is protected, not just those who are immune.
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the parotid salivary glands, causing them to swell and become painful. The medical definition of mumps is: "An acute infectious disease, caused by the mumps virus, characterized by painful enlargement of one or more of the salivary glands, especially the parotids."
The infection spreads easily through respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person's saliva. Symptoms typically appear 16-18 days after exposure and include fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, and swollen, tender salivary glands. Complications of mumps are rare but can be serious and include meningitis, encephalitis, deafness, and inflammation of the reproductive organs in males.
Prevention is through vaccination with the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, which is part of routine childhood immunization schedules in many countries.
"Hepatitis B vaccines are vaccines that prevent infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. They work by introducing a small and harmless piece of the virus to your body, which triggers your immune system to produce antibodies to fight off the infection. These antibodies remain in your body and provide protection if you are exposed to the real hepatitis B virus in the future.
The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given as a series of three shots over a six-month period. It is recommended for all infants, children and adolescents who have not previously been vaccinated, as well as for adults who are at increased risk of infection, such as healthcare workers, people who inject drugs, and those with certain medical conditions.
It's important to note that hepatitis B vaccine does not provide protection against other types of viral hepatitis, such as hepatitis A or C."
A measles vaccine is a biological preparation that induces immunity against the measles virus. It contains an attenuated (weakened) strain of the measles virus, which stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies that protect against future infection with the wild-type (disease-causing) virus. Measles vaccines are typically administered in combination with vaccines against mumps and rubella (German measles), forming the MMR vaccine.
The measles vaccine is highly effective, with one or two doses providing immunity in over 95% of people who receive it. It is usually given to children as part of routine childhood immunization programs, with the first dose administered at 12-15 months of age and the second dose at 4-6 years of age.
Measles vaccination has led to a dramatic reduction in the incidence of measles worldwide and is considered one of the greatest public health achievements of the past century. However, despite widespread availability of the vaccine, measles remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in some parts of the world, particularly in areas with low vaccination coverage or where access to healthcare is limited.
A Pertussis vaccine is a type of immunization used to protect against pertussis, also known as whooping cough. It contains components that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against the bacteria that cause pertussis, Bordetella pertussis. There are two main types of pertussis vaccines: whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines. wP vaccines contain killed whole cells of B. pertussis, while aP vaccines contain specific components of the bacteria, such as pertussis toxin and other antigens. Pertussis vaccines are often combined with diphtheria and tetanus to form combination vaccines, such as DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis) and TdaP (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis). These vaccines are typically given to young children as part of their routine immunization schedule.
Haemophilus vaccines are vaccines that are designed to protect against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), a bacterium that can cause serious infections such as meningitis, pneumonia, and epiglottitis. There are two main types of Hib vaccines:
1. Polysaccharide vaccine: This type of vaccine is made from the sugar coating (polysaccharide) of the bacterial cells. It is not effective in children under 2 years of age because their immune systems are not yet mature enough to respond effectively to this type of vaccine.
2. Conjugate vaccine: This type of vaccine combines the polysaccharide with a protein carrier, which helps to stimulate a stronger and more sustained immune response. It is effective in infants as young as 6 weeks old.
Hib vaccines are usually given as part of routine childhood immunizations starting at 2 months of age. They are administered through an injection into the muscle. The vaccine is safe and effective, with few side effects. Vaccination against Hib has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of Hib infections worldwide.
BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is a type of immunization used primarily to prevent tuberculosis (TB). It contains a live but weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis, which is related to the bacterium that causes TB in humans (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
The BCG vaccine works by stimulating an immune response in the body, enabling it to better resist infection with TB bacteria if exposed in the future. It is often given to infants and children in countries where TB is common, and its use varies depending on the national immunization policies. The protection offered by the BCG vaccine is moderate and may not last for a very long time.
In addition to its use against TB, the BCG vaccine has also been investigated for its potential therapeutic role in treating bladder cancer and some other types of cancer. The mechanism of action in these cases is thought to be related to the vaccine's ability to stimulate an immune response against abnormal cells.
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated (IPV) is a vaccine used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio), a highly infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. IPV contains inactivated (killed) polioviruses of all three poliovirus types. It works by stimulating an immune response in the body, but because the viruses are inactivated, they cannot cause polio. After vaccination, the immune system recognizes and responds to the inactivated viruses, producing antibodies that protect against future infection with wild, or naturally occurring, polioviruses. IPV is typically given as an injection in the leg or arm, and a series of doses are required for full protection. It is a safe and effective way to prevent polio and its complications.
Rabies vaccines are medical products that contain antigens of the rabies virus, which stimulate an immune response in individuals who receive them. The purpose of rabies vaccines is to prevent the development of rabies, a viral disease that is almost always fatal once symptoms appear.
There are two primary types of rabies vaccines available:
1. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) vaccines: These vaccines are given to individuals who are at high risk of coming into contact with the rabies virus, such as veterinarians, animal handlers, and travelers visiting areas where rabies is common. The vaccine series typically consists of three doses given over a period of 28 days.
2. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccines: These vaccines are administered to individuals who have already been exposed to the rabies virus, usually through a bite or scratch from an infected animal. The vaccine series typically consists of four doses given over a period of 14 days, along with a dose of rabies immune globulin (RIG) to provide immediate protection while the immune system responds to the vaccine.
Both types of rabies vaccines are highly effective at preventing the disease, but it is essential to receive them as soon as possible after exposure or before potential exposure, as the virus can be fatal if left untreated.
Patient-to-professional transmission of infectious diseases refers to the spread of an infectious agent or disease from a patient to a healthcare professional. This can occur through various routes, including:
1. Contact transmission: This includes direct contact, such as touching or shaking hands with an infected patient, or indirect contact, such as touching a contaminated surface or object.
2. Droplet transmission: This occurs when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes out droplets containing the infectious agent, which can then be inhaled by a nearby healthcare professional.
3. Airborne transmission: This involves the spread of infectious agents through the air over long distances, usually requiring specialized medical procedures or equipment.
Healthcare professionals are at risk of patient-to-professional transmission of infectious diseases due to their close contact with patients and the potential for exposure to various pathogens. It is essential for healthcare professionals to follow standard precautions, including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment (PPE), and respiratory protection, to minimize the risk of transmission. Additionally, proper vaccination and education on infection prevention and control measures can further reduce the risk of patient-to-professional transmission of infectious diseases.
Rotavirus vaccines are preventive measures used to protect against rotavirus infections, which are the leading cause of severe diarrhea and dehydration among infants and young children worldwide. These vaccines contain weakened or inactivated forms of the rotavirus, a pathogen that infects and causes symptoms by multiplying inside cells lining the small intestine.
The weakened or inactivated virus in the vaccine stimulates an immune response in the body, enabling it to recognize and fight off future rotavirus infections more effectively. The vaccines are usually administered orally, as a liquid droplet or on a sugar cube, to mimic natural infection through the gastrointestinal tract.
There are currently two licensed rotavirus vaccines available globally:
1. Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline): This vaccine contains an attenuated (weakened) strain of human rotavirus and is given in a two-dose series, typically at 2 and 4 months of age.
2. RotaTeq (Merck): This vaccine contains five reassortant viruses, combining human and animal strains to provide broader protection. It is administered in a three-dose series, usually at 2, 4, and 6 months of age.
Rotavirus vaccines have been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis and related hospitalizations among infants and young children. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the inclusion of rotavirus vaccination in national immunization programs, particularly in countries with high child mortality rates due to diarrheal diseases.
Cholera vaccines are preventive measures used to protect against the infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. There are several types of cholera vaccines available, including:
1. Inactivated oral vaccine (ICCV): This vaccine contains killed whole-cell bacteria and is given in two doses, with each dose administered at least 14 days apart. It provides protection for up to six months and can be given to adults and children over the age of one year.
2. Live attenuated oral vaccine (LCV): This vaccine contains weakened live bacteria that are unable to cause disease but still stimulate an immune response. The most commonly used LCV is called CVD 103-HgR, which is given in a single dose and provides protection for up to three months. It can be given to adults and children over the age of six years.
3. Injectable cholera vaccine: This vaccine contains inactivated bacteria and is given as an injection. It is not widely available and its effectiveness is limited compared to oral vaccines.
Cholera vaccines are recommended for travelers visiting areas with known cholera outbreaks, particularly if they plan to eat food or drink water that may be contaminated. They can also be used in response to outbreaks to help control the spread of the disease. However, it is important to note that vaccination alone is not sufficient to prevent cholera infection and good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and safe food handling, should always be followed.
Immunization programs, also known as vaccination programs, are organized efforts to administer vaccines to populations or communities in order to protect individuals from vaccine-preventable diseases. These programs are typically implemented by public health agencies and involve the planning, coordination, and delivery of immunizations to ensure that a high percentage of people are protected against specific infectious diseases.
Immunization programs may target specific age groups, such as infants and young children, or populations at higher risk of certain diseases, such as travelers, healthcare workers, or individuals with weakened immune systems. The goals of immunization programs include controlling and eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases, reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases, and protecting vulnerable populations from outbreaks and epidemics.
Immunization programs may be delivered through a variety of settings, including healthcare facilities, schools, community centers, and mobile clinics. They often involve partnerships between government agencies, healthcare providers, non-governmental organizations, and communities to ensure that vaccines are accessible, affordable, and acceptable to the populations they serve. Effective immunization programs require strong leadership, adequate funding, robust data systems, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation to assess their impact and identify areas for improvement.
A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.
Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.
Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.
Typhoid-Paratyphoid vaccines are immunizations that protect against typhoid fever and paratyphoid fevers, which are caused by the Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi, respectively. These vaccines contain inactivated or attenuated bacteria or specific antigens that stimulate an individual's immune system to develop immunity against these diseases without causing the illness itself. There are several types of typhoid-paratyphoid vaccines available, including:
1. Ty21a (oral live attenuated vaccine): This is a live but weakened form of the Salmonella Typhi bacteria. It is given orally in capsule form and requires a series of 4 doses taken every other day. The vaccine provides protection for about 5-7 years.
2. Vi polysaccharide (ViPS) typhoid vaccine: This vaccine contains purified Vi antigens from the Salmonella Typhi bacterium's outer capsular layer. It is given as an injection and provides protection for approximately 2-3 years.
3. Combined typhoid-paratyphoid A and B vaccines (Vi-rEPA): This vaccine combines Vi polysaccharide antigens from Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A and B. It is given as an injection and provides protection for about 3 years against typhoid fever and paratyphoid fevers A and B.
4. Typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs): These vaccines combine the Vi polysaccharide antigen from Salmonella Typhi with a protein carrier to enhance the immune response, particularly in children under 2 years of age. TCVs are given as an injection and provide long-lasting protection against typhoid fever.
It is important to note that none of these vaccines provides 100% protection, but they significantly reduce the risk of contracting typhoid or paratyphoid fevers. Additionally, good hygiene practices, such as handwashing and safe food handling, can further minimize the risk of infection.
The Smallpox vaccine is not a live virus vaccine but is instead made from a vaccinia virus, which is a virus related to the variola virus (the virus that causes smallpox). The vaccinia virus used in the vaccine does not cause smallpox, but it does cause a milder illness with symptoms such as a fever and a rash of pustules or blisters at the site of inoculation.
The smallpox vaccine was first developed by Edward Jenner in 1796 and is one of the oldest vaccines still in use today. It has been highly effective in preventing smallpox, which was once a major cause of death and disability worldwide. In fact, smallpox was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980, thanks in large part to the widespread use of the smallpox vaccine.
Despite the eradication of smallpox, the smallpox vaccine is still used today in certain circumstances. For example, it may be given to laboratory workers who handle the virus or to military personnel who may be at risk of exposure to the virus. The vaccine may also be used as an emergency measure in the event of a bioterrorism attack involving smallpox.
It is important to note that the smallpox vaccine is not without risks and can cause serious side effects, including a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle). As a result, it is only given to people who are at high risk of exposure to the virus and who have been determined to be good candidates for vaccination by a healthcare professional.
In epidemiology, the incidence of a disease is defined as the number of new cases of that disease within a specific population over a certain period of time. It is typically expressed as a rate, with the number of new cases in the numerator and the size of the population at risk in the denominator. Incidence provides information about the risk of developing a disease during a given time period and can be used to compare disease rates between different populations or to monitor trends in disease occurrence over time.
A tuberculosis vaccine, also known as the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine, is a type of immunization used to prevent tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The BCG vaccine contains a weakened strain of the bacteria that causes TB in cattle.
The BCG vaccine works by stimulating an immune response in the body, which helps to protect against severe forms of TB, such as TB meningitis and TB in children. However, it is not very effective at preventing pulmonary TB (TB that affects the lungs) in adults.
The BCG vaccine is not routinely recommended for use in the United States due to the low risk of TB infection in the general population. However, it may be given to people who are at high risk of exposure to TB, such as healthcare workers, laboratory personnel, and people traveling to countries with high rates of TB.
It is important to note that the BCG vaccine does not provide complete protection against TB and that other measures, such as testing and treatment for latent TB infection, are also important for controlling the spread of this disease.
The Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is a combination immunization that protects against three bacterial diseases: diphtheria, tetanus (lockjaw), and pertussis (whooping cough).
Diphtheria is an upper respiratory infection that can lead to breathing difficulties, heart failure, paralysis, or even death. Tetanus is a bacterial infection that affects the nervous system and causes muscle stiffness and spasms, leading to "lockjaw." Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory infection characterized by severe coughing fits, which can make it difficult to breathe and may lead to pneumonia, seizures, or brain damage.
The DTaP vaccine contains inactivated toxins (toxoids) from the bacteria that cause these diseases. It is typically given as a series of five shots, with doses administered at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15-18 months, and 4-6 years of age. The vaccine helps the immune system develop protection against the diseases without causing the actual illness.
It is important to note that there are other combination vaccines available that protect against these same diseases, such as DT (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids) and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis), which contain higher doses of the diphtheria and pertussis components. These vaccines are recommended for different age groups and may be used as booster shots to maintain immunity throughout adulthood.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody, which is a protective protein produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances like bacteria or viruses. IgG is the most abundant type of antibody in human blood, making up about 75-80% of all antibodies. It is found in all body fluids and plays a crucial role in fighting infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
IgG has several important functions:
1. Neutralization: IgG can bind to the surface of bacteria or viruses, preventing them from attaching to and infecting human cells.
2. Opsonization: IgG coats the surface of pathogens, making them more recognizable and easier for immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages to phagocytose (engulf and destroy) them.
3. Complement activation: IgG can activate the complement system, a group of proteins that work together to help eliminate pathogens from the body. Activation of the complement system leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex, which creates holes in the cell membranes of bacteria, leading to their lysis (destruction).
4. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC): IgG can bind to immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells and trigger them to release substances that cause target cells (such as virus-infected or cancerous cells) to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death).
5. Immune complex formation: IgG can form immune complexes with antigens, which can then be removed from the body through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis by immune cells or excretion in urine.
IgG is a critical component of adaptive immunity and provides long-lasting protection against reinfection with many pathogens. It has four subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) that differ in their structure, function, and distribution in the body.
The Mumps Vaccine is a biological preparation intended to induce immunity against mumps, a contagious viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands. The vaccine contains live attenuated (weakened) mumps virus, which stimulates the immune system to develop a protective response without causing the disease.
There are two types of mumps vaccines available:
1. The Jeryl Lynn strain is used in the United States and is part of the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine and the Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (MMRV) vaccine. This strain is derived from a clinical isolate obtained from the throat washings of a child with mumps in 1963.
2. The Urabe AM9 strain was used in some countries but has been discontinued in many places due to an increased risk of meningitis as a rare complication.
The MMR vaccine is typically given to children at 12-15 months of age and again at 4-6 years of age, providing long-lasting immunity against mumps in most individuals. The vaccine has significantly reduced the incidence of mumps and its complications worldwide.
A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.
Hepatitis A vaccines are inactivated or live attenuated viral vaccines that are administered to prevent infection and illness caused by the hepatitis A virus. The vaccine contains antigens that stimulate an immune response in the body, leading to the production of antibodies that protect against future infection with the virus.
The inactivated hepatitis A vaccine is made from viruses that have been chemically treated to destroy their ability to cause disease while preserving their ability to stimulate an immune response. This type of vaccine is typically given in two doses, six months apart, and provides long-term protection against the virus.
The live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine contains a weakened form of the virus that is unable to cause illness but can still stimulate an immune response. This type of vaccine is given as a single dose and provides protection against the virus for at least 20 years.
Hepatitis A vaccines are recommended for people who are at increased risk of infection, including travelers to areas where hepatitis A is common, men who have sex with men, people who use injection drugs, and people with chronic liver disease or clotting factor disorders. The vaccine is also recommended for children in certain states and communities where hepatitis A is endemic.
An immunization schedule is a series of planned dates when a person, usually a child, should receive specific vaccines in order to be fully protected against certain preventable diseases. The schedule is developed based on scientific research and recommendations from health organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The immunization schedule outlines which vaccines are recommended, the number of doses required, the age at which each dose should be given, and the minimum amount of time that must pass between doses. The schedule may vary depending on factors such as the individual's age, health status, and travel plans.
Immunization schedules are important for ensuring that individuals receive timely protection against vaccine-preventable diseases, and for maintaining high levels of immunity in populations, which helps to prevent the spread of disease. It is important to follow the recommended immunization schedule as closely as possible to ensure optimal protection.
Immunologic adjuvants are substances that are added to a vaccine to enhance the body's immune response to the antigens contained in the vaccine. They work by stimulating the immune system and promoting the production of antibodies and activating immune cells, such as T-cells and macrophages, which help to provide a stronger and more sustained immune response to the vaccine.
Immunologic adjuvants can be derived from various sources, including bacteria, viruses, and chemicals. Some common examples include aluminum salts (alum), oil-in-water emulsions (such as MF59), and bacterial components (such as lipopolysaccharide or LPS).
The use of immunologic adjuvants in vaccines can help to improve the efficacy of the vaccine, particularly for vaccines that contain weak or poorly immunogenic antigens. They can also help to reduce the amount of antigen needed in a vaccine, which can be beneficial for vaccines that are difficult or expensive to produce.
It's important to note that while adjuvants can enhance the immune response to a vaccine, they can also increase the risk of adverse reactions, such as inflammation and pain at the injection site. Therefore, the use of immunologic adjuvants must be carefully balanced against their potential benefits and risks.
Secondary immunization, also known as "anamnestic response" or "booster," refers to the enhanced immune response that occurs upon re-exposure to an antigen, having previously been immunized or infected with the same pathogen. This response is characterized by a more rapid and robust production of antibodies and memory cells compared to the primary immune response. The secondary immunization aims to maintain long-term immunity against infectious diseases and improve vaccine effectiveness. It usually involves administering additional doses of a vaccine or booster shots after the initial series of immunizations, which helps reinforce the immune system's ability to recognize and combat specific pathogens.
The Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine is a combination immunization that protects against three infectious diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. It contains live attenuated viruses of each disease, which stimulate an immune response in the body similar to that produced by natural infection but do not cause the diseases themselves.
The MMR vaccine is typically given in two doses, the first at 12-15 months of age and the second at 4-6 years of age. It is highly effective in preventing these diseases, with over 90% effectiveness reported after a single dose and near 100% effectiveness after the second dose.
Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can cause fever, rash, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes. It can also lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and even death.
Mumps is a viral infection that primarily affects the salivary glands, causing swelling and tenderness in the cheeks and jaw. It can also cause fever, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Mumps can lead to serious complications such as deafness, meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord), and inflammation of the testicles or ovaries.
Rubella, also known as German measles, is a viral infection that typically causes a mild fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes. However, if a pregnant woman becomes infected with rubella, it can cause serious birth defects such as hearing impairment, heart defects, and developmental delays in the fetus.
The MMR vaccine is an important tool in preventing these diseases and protecting public health.
Streptococcal vaccines are immunizations designed to protect against infections caused by Streptococcus bacteria. These vaccines contain antigens, which are substances that trigger an immune response and help the body recognize and fight off specific types of Streptococcus bacteria. There are several different types of streptococcal vaccines available or in development, including:
1. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV): This vaccine protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a type of bacteria that can cause pneumonia, meningitis, and other serious infections. PCV is recommended for all children under 2 years old, as well as older children and adults with certain medical conditions.
2. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV): This vaccine also protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae, but it is recommended for adults 65 and older, as well as younger people with certain medical conditions.
3. Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine: This vaccine is being developed to protect against Group A Streptococcus (GAS), which can cause a variety of infections, including strep throat, skin infections, and serious diseases like rheumatic fever and toxic shock syndrome. There are several different GAS vaccine candidates in various stages of development.
4. Streptococcus agalactiae vaccine: This vaccine is being developed to protect against Group B Streptococcus (GBS), which can cause serious infections in newborns, pregnant women, and older adults with certain medical conditions. There are several different GBS vaccine candidates in various stages of development.
Overall, streptococcal vaccines play an important role in preventing bacterial infections and reducing the burden of disease caused by Streptococcus bacteria.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Israel" is not a medical term. It is a country located in the Middle East. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I would be happy to help!
Anthrax vaccines are biological preparations designed to protect against anthrax, a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax can affect both humans and animals, and it is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated animal products or, less commonly, through inhalation of spores.
There are two types of anthrax vaccines currently available:
1. Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA): This vaccine is licensed for use in the United States and is approved for pre-exposure prophylaxis in high-risk individuals, such as military personnel and laboratory workers who handle the bacterium. AVA contains a cell-free filtrate of cultured B. anthracis cells that have been chemically treated to render them non-infectious. The vaccine works by stimulating the production of antibodies against protective antigens (PA) present in the bacterial culture.
2. Recombinant Anthrax Vaccine (rPA): This vaccine, also known as BioThrax, is a newer generation anthrax vaccine that was approved for use in the United States in 2015. It contains only the recombinant protective antigen (rPA) of B. anthracis, which is produced using genetic engineering techniques. The rPA vaccine has been shown to be as effective as AVA in generating an immune response and offers several advantages, including a more straightforward manufacturing process, fewer side effects, and a longer shelf life.
Both vaccines require multiple doses for initial immunization, followed by periodic booster shots to maintain protection. Anthrax vaccines are generally safe and effective at preventing anthrax infection; however, they may cause mild to moderate side effects, such as soreness at the injection site, fatigue, and muscle aches. Severe allergic reactions are rare but possible.
It is important to note that anthrax vaccines do not provide immediate protection against anthrax infection. They require several weeks to stimulate an immune response, so they should be administered before potential exposure to the bacterium. In cases of known or suspected exposure to anthrax, antibiotics are used as a primary means of preventing and treating the disease.
Dengue vaccines are designed to protect against dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral disease that can cause severe flu-like symptoms and potentially life-threatening complications. Dengue is caused by four distinct serotypes of the virus (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4), and infection with one serotype does not provide immunity against the others.
The first licensed dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia (CYD-TDV), is a chimeric yellow fever-dengue tetravalent vaccine developed by Sanofi Pasteur. It is approved for use in several countries and has demonstrated efficacy against dengue fever caused by all four serotypes in clinical trials. However, the vaccine has raised concerns about the risk of severe disease in individuals who have not been previously exposed to dengue. As a result, it is recommended primarily for people with a documented past dengue infection or living in areas with high dengue prevalence and where the benefits outweigh the risks.
Another dengue vaccine candidate, Takeda's TAK-003 (also known as TDV), is a live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine that has shown efficacy against all four serotypes in clinical trials. It was granted approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and several other countries for use in individuals aged 4-16 years old, living in endemic areas.
Research and development of additional dengue vaccine candidates are ongoing to address concerns about safety, efficacy, and accessibility, particularly for at-risk populations in low- and middle-income countries where dengue is most prevalent.
Virosomes are artificially constructed spherical vesicles composed of lipids and viral envelope proteins. They are used as a delivery system for vaccines and other therapeutic agents. In the context of vaccines, virosomes can be used to present viral antigens to the immune system in a way that mimics a natural infection, thereby inducing a strong immune response.
Virosome-based vaccines have several advantages over traditional vaccines. For example, they are non-infectious, meaning they do not contain live or attenuated viruses, which makes them safer for certain populations such as immunocompromised individuals. Additionally, virosomes can be engineered to target specific cells in the body, leading to more efficient uptake and presentation of antigens to the immune system.
Virosome-based vaccines have been developed for a variety of diseases, including influenza, hepatitis A, and HIV. While they are not yet widely used, they show promise as a safe and effective alternative to traditional vaccine approaches.
Chickenpox
Bruce Johnson (Ohio politician)
Varicella zoster virus
Waldorf education
Deaths in December 2013
Superdrug
MMR vaccine
Varicella vaccine
Matt Bevin
Shingles
Merck & Co.
Vaccination policy
Postherpetic neuralgia
Measles vaccine
Vaccinate Your Family
Zoster vaccine
Rubella vaccine
Egg
Ernest William Goodpasture
Injection (medicine)
Number needed to vaccinate
Pox party
Cell culture
María Luisa Ávila Agüero
Michiaki Takahashi
Herpes simplex research
MMRV vaccine
Prepubertal hypertrichosis
Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
ACAM2000
Vaccine Information Statement
Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Chickenpox Vaccines for Children | CDC
Chickenpox Vaccines for Children | CDC
Your Child's Immunizations: Chickenpox Vaccine (for Parents) - Humana - Kentucky
chicken pox vaccine - Scope
Transmission of Chickenpox - National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC)
Google Doodle Celebrates Chickenpox Vaccine Pioneer Dr. Michiaki Takahashi's 94th Birthday - CNET
Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine
Adventures in Autism: MMR + Chicken Pox Vaccine = More Seizures
Mother Nature Challenges the Need for Chickenpox Vaccine - Alliance for Human Research Protection
Varicella-Zoster (Chickenpox) Vaccine - Brant County Health Unit
EXPLOSIVE research: Chickenpox vaccine linked to widespread increase in shingles
Varicella / Chickenpox | CDC Yellow Book 2024
EXPLOSIVE research: Chickenpox vaccine linked to widespread increase in shingles
Postherpetic neuralgia: Treatment, symptoms, and causes
Chicken Pox Vaccine Article
Infants and Toddlers - familydoctor.org
Chickenpox Vaccine Birmingham - Regent Street Clinic
Rash After the Chickenpox Vaccine - VAXOPEDIA
Chickenpox parties?? - The Vaccine Mom
Immunizations: Chickenpox (Varicella) | Wisconsin Department of Health Services
Chickenpox Vaccine Injury Lawyer | My Vaccine Lawyer
Chicken Pox - Wisconsin For Vaccine Choice
Chicken Pox Vaccine | Raffles Health Singapore
Chickenpox vaccine doubles the risk of shingles | NaturalHealth365
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Children to Receive Second Chickenpox Vaccine - Spectrum Health Newsroom
When was the chickenpox vaccine created?
What is the Chicken Pox Vaccine? (with pictures)
Rash41
- Varicella, also called "chickenpox," causes an itchy rash that usually lasts about a week. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some people who get chickenpox get a painful rash called "shingles" (also known as herpes zoster) years later. (medlineplus.gov)
- Chickenpox is a disease that causes an itchy rash of blisters and a fever. (cdc.gov)
- Chickenpox can spread 1 to 2 days before the infected person gets a rash, and then doesn't stop spreading until all the blisters have formed scabs. (cdc.gov)
- Less commonly, a person who lacks immunity to chickenpox can also develop the illness by coming into contact with a shingles rash. (nvic.org)
- When the chickenpox rash occurs, it usually begins with raised red or pink itchy bumps (papules). (nvic.org)
- As the rash appears over several days, chickenpox lesions can be simultaneously present on the body as papules, vesicles, and scabs. (nvic.org)
- Chickenpox is considered contagious for 1 to 2 days prior to the onset of the rash and remains so until all lesions have become scabs. (nvic.org)
- Like some other vaccines, it is possible that you could develop a rash after getting the chickenpox vaccine. (vaxopedia.org)
- The vaccine information statement for the chickenpox vaccine does list developing a rash as a possible side effect. (vaxopedia.org)
- A rash is even listed as a possible side effect in the vaccine information statement that you should get before you are vaccinated. (vaxopedia.org)
- Since it is a live vaccine , theoretically, it means that someone who isn't immune to chickenpox could catch the attenuated strain of chickenpox from this rash. (vaxopedia.org)
- Transmission of varicella vaccine virus is a rare event, and appears to occur only when the vaccinated person develops a vesicular rash. (vaxopedia.org)
- A maculopapular rash 2 weeks after varicella vaccine may not have been caused by the vaccine. (vaxopedia.org)
- And sometimes it isn't even the vaccine, but regular chickenpox when a child develops a rash shortly after getting the chickenpox vaccine. (vaxopedia.org)
- The only way to determine whether the rash is caused by wild-type varicella or vaccine virus is to try to isolate virus from the rash and send it to a laboratory that is capable of differentiating wild and vaccine-type virus. (vaxopedia.org)
- Approximately 4% of children receiving varicella vaccine develop a generalized rash with a median of 5 lesions 5-26 days postvaccination, and 4% develop a localized rash at the injection site with a median of 2 lesions 8-19 days postvaccination. (vaxopedia.org)
- Still, if you aren't sure what is causing the rash, you should likely blame the chickenpox vaccine, as you don't want your child to expose anyone to chickenpox, even the attenuated strain. (vaxopedia.org)
- If your child develops a vesicular rash after getting the chickenpox vaccine, keep it covered and keep them away from anyone who isn't immune to chickenpox. (vaxopedia.org)
- A person who has chickenpox can spread the disease one to two days before the rash begins. (wisconsin.gov)
- The hallmark symptom of Chickenpox is a red, itchy rash that usually begins on the chest, back, and face and then spreads to the rest of the body. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- Diagnosing Chickenpox is usually based on the characteristic symptoms of the disease, including the appearance of the rash and other symptoms like fever and headache. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- The authors describe a 53-year-old woman with no known immunodeficiency who presented with diffuse pruritic rash 17 days after receiving the varicella virus vaccine live. (wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org)
- Chickenpox causes a rash, itching, fever and tiredness. (spectrumhealth.org)
- Chickenpox can lead to a painful rash called shingles. (spectrumhealth.org)
- Chickenpox can cause an itchy rash that usually lasts about a week. (kidshealthyhearts.net)
- Sore arm from the injection, fever, or redness or rash where the shot is given can happen after varicella vaccine. (kidshealthyhearts.net)
- Though chickenpox is often a gentle an infection, kids have an itchy rash and sometimes have a fever which makes them really feel very depressing. (biruim.com)
- The pruritic(itchy) rash of chickenpox is typically concentrated on the trunk and face and less so on the arms and legs (ie, centripetal distribution). (com.ng)
- Shingle are a reactivation of the chickenpox virus in the body, causing a painful rash. (ipl.org)
- Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection causing an itchy, blister-like rash on the skin. (ipl.org)
- Chickenpox is a contagious infection that causes an itchy rash , fever, and fatigue. (healthline.com)
- All have been diseases other than smallpox, most commonly chickenpox or other rash illnesses. (cdc.gov)
- Treatment of chickenpox includes use of pain medications and topical treatments for the itchy rash, blisters, and scabs. (giantmicrobes.com)
- Chickenpox Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection with the varicella-zoster virus that causes a characteristic itchy rash, consisting of small, raised, blistered, or crusted spots. (msdmanuals.com)
- Shingles Shingles is a painful skin rash caused by a viral infection that results from reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, the virus that causes chickenpox. (msdmanuals.com)
- Very occasionally, a chickenpox-like rash develops. (msdmanuals.com)
- People who develop this rash after the vaccine should diligently avoid contact with people who have a weakened immune system until after the rash resolves. (msdmanuals.com)
- Pediatricians should be aware of the potential for reactivation of varicella vaccine derived from the Oka/Biken strain, which can cause aseptic meningitis in vaccinated children even in the absence of a skin rash. (bvsalud.org)
- Shingles is a painful rash on the skin that comes from the same virus that causes chickenpox. (medlineplus.gov)
- Chickenpox usually happens in kids under 15 and creates an itchy, uncomfortable rash that turns into blisters. (medlineplus.gov)
Measles12
- Also, a child between 12 months and 12 years of age might receive varicella vaccine together with MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine in a single shot, known as MMRV. (medlineplus.gov)
- Sometimes the varicella vaccine is given in combination with the vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella , in a vaccine called MMRV. (kidshealth.org)
- Takahashi, who had spent years studying the measles and polio viruses in Japan, was on a research fellowship in the mid-1960s at Baylor College of Medicine in Texas when his young son, Teruyuki, contracted chickenpox from a playmate. (cnet.com)
- The MMR-Var vaccine protects against measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and varicella. (alberta.ca)
- WASHINGTON ( Reuters ) - Children who get a combined vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella and chicken pox are slightly more likely to have seizures compared to those getting two separate shots for the same diseases, U.S. officials said on Thursday. (blogspot.com)
- The seizures are not usually life-threatening and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said it was no longer expressing a preference that children get the so-called MMRV combined vaccine rather than two shots -- the MMR vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella (German measles) and a separate one against varicella (chicken pox). (blogspot.com)
- Sometimes it's combined with other vaccines to prevent measles , mumps, rubella, and varicella in a single shot, known as MMRV. (wisconsin.gov)
- We experienced a similar phenomenon with the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. (spectrumhealth.org)
- A study published in 2008 concluded that optic neuritis is a rare complication from the vaccine for the measles-rubella (MR) vaccine. (allaboutvision.com)
- Previously, live vaccines to guard against measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) have not been advised for patients that have received solid organ transplants, as there were concerns regarding the risk of vaccine strain infection in children that are immunocompromised. (renalinterventions.net)
- It's a combination of the vaccines for measles , mumps , rubella , and varicella. (healthline.com)
- Although few children experience severe complications from COVID-19, they will need to be vaccinated in large numbers for most communities to achieve herd immunity, analogous to the routine vaccinations we give to prevent now-rare childhood diseases such as chickenpox and measles. (medscape.com)
Contagious16
- Chickenpox is very contagious . (cdc.gov)
- The varicella vaccine protects against chickenpox (varicella) , a common and very contagious childhood viral illness. (kidshealth.org)
- If a person with no immunity to the virus is exposed to someone with chickenpox or shingles, they are likely to get infected because the virus is so contagious. (kidshealth.org)
- Chickenpox (Varicella) is a highly contagious infection that is generally mild for most children. (nvic.org)
- Individuals previously vaccinated with the chickenpox vaccine and who develop chickenpox are considered to be contagious until 24 hours following the final appearance of lesions. (nvic.org)
- Previously vaccinated individuals who develop chickenpox are still contagious and can spread the infection to others. (nvic.org)
- His son's own experience with the highly contagious disease inspired the Japanese virologist to develop a vaccine. (cnet.com)
- Nearly 60 years ago, a 3-year-old boy suffering from chickenpox inspired his father to create a vaccine to treat the highly contagious disease. (cnet.com)
- Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by a virus. (familydoctor.org)
- Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease that is easily preventable with the use of a vaccine. (familydoctor.org)
- They are contagious until all their chickenpox blisters heal and form into scabs. (wisconsin.gov)
- Chickenpox, or varicella, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- Chickenpox, or chicken pox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV), a member of the herpesvirus family. (wikipedia.org)
- These symptoms of chickenpox appear 10 to 21 days after exposure to a contagious person. (wikipedia.org)
- Chickenpox is contagious, meaning that somebody who has it can easily spread it to someone else. (akronchildrens.org)
- A person with chickenpox is most contagious during the first 2 to 5 days of being sick. (akronchildrens.org)
Blisters11
- A person with chickenpox may have as many as 500 blisters. (cdc.gov)
- Chickenpox is transmitted through direct contact with or by inhaling particles from the chickenpox blisters. (nvic.org)
- It can also be spread by contact with the fluid from the chickenpox blisters. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- The total number of chickenpox blisters is usually between 250 and 500. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- Avoid long-term scarring of the body from chickenpox blisters, which can occur in 18% of children - more than 40% of these children will have scarring on their face. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- Vaccinated people who get chickenpox may develop blisters that don't scab. (wisconsin.gov)
- If a vaccinated person does get chickenpox, the symptoms are usually milder with fewer or no blisters (they may have just red spots) and mild or no fever. (wisconsin.gov)
- The chickenpox virus can be spread from person to person through the air or by contact with fluid from chickenpox blisters. (spectrumhealth.org)
- Those with shingles may spread chickenpox to those who are not immune through contact with the blisters. (wikipedia.org)
- The chickenpox blisters are small and sit on an area of red skin that can be anywhere from the size of a pencil eraser to the size of a dime. (akronchildrens.org)
- Chickenpox blisters show up in waves. (akronchildrens.org)
Doses of the varicella vaccine3
- If you were born before August 1, 2005, you need 1 or 2 doses of the varicella vaccine. (alberta.ca)
- Almost anyone more than 13 years old can get two doses of the varicella vaccine. (healthline.com)
- Two doses of the varicella vaccine usually give lifetime protection. (healthline.com)
Infection17
- In people with serious immune system problems, this vaccine may cause an infection that may be life-threatening. (medlineplus.gov)
- Giving the vaccine within 3 to 5 days after exposure can help to prevent the infection. (kidshealth.org)
- found that mothers with a past history of Chickenpox infection [Varicella-Zoster] may transmit Chickenpox viral DNA [Varicella-Zoster IgG] to their babies during pregnancy - thereby stimulating the infants' immunity against this infection. (ahrp.org)
- The findings suggest that this mother-to-child transfer of viral DNA may be responsible for the long-lasting protection against serious chickenpox infection seen during childhood. (ahrp.org)
- The immunity that young girls acquire from having the infection, will likely be passed on to their feus during pregnancy when Chickenpox antibodies and DNA emerge. (ahrp.org)
- After primary infection as varicella (chickenpox), VZV remains latent in the sensory-nerve ganglia and can reactivate later, causing herpes zoster (shingles). (cdc.gov)
- Factors affecting scarring include age, skin colour and whether a separate skin infection also develops.1,3 Scarring resulting from chickenpox has been shown to occur in approximately 19% of children with an average of 3 scars per child.3 In many of these cases (40%) the scars are found on the face. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- Prevention of infection by vaccination is the optimum approach for the management of chickenpox. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- Chickenpox is a common childhood infection. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- Almost all children develop immunity to chickenpox after infection, so they usually only catch it once. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- Chickenpox can be very serious for an unborn baby when a pregnant woman catches the infection. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- At current, the vaccine, referred to as the varicella vaccination after the varicella zoster virus that causes the illness, is just accessible on the NHS for youngsters and adults who're in common or shut contact with individuals who might develop into severely sick with a chickenpox an infection or have weak point. (biruim.com)
- Chickenpox an infection can even result in critical issues comparable to dangerous bacterial pores and skin infections and pneumonia. (biruim.com)
- The benefits of antiviral drugs for uncomplicated chickenpox infection are marginal and treatment may not be required. (com.ng)
- Chickenpox used to be a common infection in the United States. (healthline.com)
- Coadministration with live attenuated vaccines may increase infection risk. (medscape.com)
- Repeat subclinical infection can occur in these persons, but second attacks of chickenpox are extremely rare in immunocompetent persons. (medscape.com)
Cases of chickenpox3
- Health care providers must report cases of chickenpox. (wisconsin.gov)
- In 2013, there were 140 million cases of chickenpox and shingles worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
- Roughly 350,000 cases of chickenpox occur in the U.S. annually. (giantmicrobes.com)
Immunization Schedule4
- Most babies and children get this vaccine as part of the routine immunization schedule. (alberta.ca)
- This 2-hour CE discusses vaccine recommendations, as outlined in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Immunization Schedule. (cmelist.com)
- An advisory committee to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) voted on October 20, 2022, in favor of including the Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine in the recommended immunization schedule for children aged six months and over. (newstarget.com)
- Varicella (chickenpox) is now a vaccine-preventable disease and has been included in the infant immunization schedule in many parts of the world [1,2]. (who.int)
Contains a weakened form2
- It is a live attenuated vaccine, which means it contains a weakened form of the virus. (kidshealth.org)
- Its vaccine contains a weakened form of the chickenpox virus. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
20224
- On December 8, 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorized the updated (Bivalent) COVID-19 vaccine to include children 6 months and older. (familydoctor.org)
- But data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), which is under the CDC, showed that 57,622 children (aged 0 to 17) have suffered an injury because of COVID-19 vaccination as of September 29, 2022. (newstarget.com)
- The report discovered that compared to the 2021-22 school year, vaccination coverage reduced the most for the DTaP vaccine, dropping in 31 states for the 2022-23 school year. (newstarget.com)
- The CDC report also discovered that Idaho had the lowest percentage of children who were up to date for all four vaccines during the 2022-23 school year, while Mississippi had the highest percentage of up-to-date children. (newstarget.com)
19956
- Since the vaccine was introduced in 1995, it has prevented millions of infections every year. (kidshealth.org)
- The chicken pox vaccine, also known as the varicella vaccine, was added to the childhood vaccination schedule for babies aged 12 to 15 months in 1995. (dangerousmedicine.com)
- Varivax (the vaccine for Varicella) was approved by the US Food and Drug Association in March 1995 and has been in use in Australia about as long. (wordconstructions.com.au)
- This chickenpox vaccine became available in 1995. (naturalhealth365.com)
- Since the varicella vaccine was introduced for children aged 12-18 months in the United States in 1995 and booster vaccine given at age 4-5 years, disease incidence has substantially decreased. (medscape.com)
- Since its introduction in 1995 in the United States, the varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. (wikipedia.org)
Adults29
- Chickenpox is usually mild, but it can be serious in infants under 12 months of age, adolescents, adults, pregnant people, and people with a weakened immune system. (medlineplus.gov)
- Older children, adolescents, and adults also need 2 doses of varicella vaccine if they are not already immune to chickenpox. (medlineplus.gov)
- Complications from chickenpox can be serious and can occur in any person who develops chickenpox, although they are more common in healthy babies, adults, and people with weakened immune systems. (cdc.gov)
- anyone born before August 1, 2012, who has not had varicella (Adults need a blood test to check if they need the vaccine. (alberta.ca)
- Before the vaccine was introduced, most adults were able to avoid getting shingles because their exposure in their communities to natural chicken pox regularly boosted their cell-mediated immunity to it. (dangerousmedicine.com)
- He found that the vaccine was not only accelerating the recurrence of shingles among children who had naturally gotten chicken pox, but it was also boosting the chances of adults getting shingles. (dangerousmedicine.com)
- Moreover, it's not terribly effective, with one study on adults over the age of 50 showing the vaccine is only 50 percent effective during the first year, and it has "no effect" five years after vaccination. (dangerousmedicine.com)
- For adults, it is cost effective to have serum testing first to determine if the vaccine is required. (wordconstructions.com.au)
- Chickenpox can be serious, especially for babies, adolescents, adults, pregnant women, and people with a lowered ability to fight germs and sickness (weakened immune system). (wisconsin.gov)
- However, some deaths from chickenpox continue to occur in healthy, unvaccinated children and adults. (wisconsin.gov)
- Adults who never had chickenpox and were never vaccinated. (wisconsin.gov)
- Read about our Vaccines For Children and Vaccines For Adults programs. (wisconsin.gov)
- In some cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed to treat Chickenpox, especially for people at high risk of developing complications, such as pregnant women, adults, and people with weakened immune systems. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- Today's adults are not likely to have received the chickenpox vaccine, so the exposure is actually re-exposure to the virus for most people. (naturalhealth365.com)
- Fewer children with the actual chickenpox virus equates to fewer adults with the opportunity to be around the virus as adults. (naturalhealth365.com)
- Researchers in Belgium recently published findings that showed when children within a population were vaccinated at about one year of age for chickenpox, there was double the incidence of shingles among adults aged 31 to 40. (naturalhealth365.com)
- Those adults likely had chickenpox as children. (naturalhealth365.com)
- But with far fewer children contracting chickenpox because of the vaccine, that effect would disappear, and unvaccinated adults would be at much higher risk of shingles. (naturalhealth365.com)
- Most adults vividly remember their childhood experience with the chickenpox. (spectrumhealth.org)
- The chicken pox vaccine, though, may still cause some prevention of shingles in adults younger than 60. (thehealthboard.com)
- For some infants, younger kids and even adults, chickenpox or its issues may be very critical, resulting in hospitalization and even dying," he mentioned. (biruim.com)
- The proposal represents a shift in pondering: JCI beforehand warned that such a transfer might result in a rise in circumstances of shingles in adults, as a result of it will cut back the unfold of the chickenpox virus locally. (biruim.com)
- Persons especially adults with chickenpox must compulsory do an HIV test because it may be a point to sometime sinister. (com.ng)
- The CDC recommends the varicella vaccine for almost all children, adolescents, and adults who've never had chickenpox. (healthline.com)
- There are two varicella vaccines available in the U.S. One has clearance for use in children and adults, but the other has clearance for use as a children's vaccine. (healthline.com)
- It is also recommended for all adolescents and adults who have not had chickenpox or the vaccine. (msdmanuals.com)
- In January, it was difficult for even prioritized groups such as healthcare workers and adults over age 75 to access vaccines in many regions. (medscape.com)
- The new recombinant zoster vaccine, Shingrix, and the zoster vaccine live, Zostavax, are both approved by the Food and Drug Administration to prevent shingles for most adults age 50 and older. (medlineplus.gov)
- The CDC recommends that healthy adults 50 years and older get two doses of the Shingrix vaccine to protect against shingles and its potential complications. (medlineplus.gov)
Mild14
- Chickenpox is usually mild in children, but the itching can be very uncomfortable. (cdc.gov)
- Chickenpox is a mild disease for many children, but not all. (cdc.gov)
- Vaccinated kids who do get chickenpox generally have a mild case. (kidshealth.org)
- Although you can get the vaccine if you have a mild illness, such as a cold or fever, you should stay home until you are feeling better to prevent spreading you illness to others. (alberta.ca)
- They tend to be mild and go away in a few days, but side effects can happen up to 6 weeks after having this vaccine. (alberta.ca)
- The authors suggest that 'Chickenpox parties', whose aim is to get the children exposed to others with chickenpox is not necessarily a bad idea, inasmuch as the children get naturally infected in childhood, when the disease is typically mild. (ahrp.org)
- While chickenpox is certainly uncomfortable and not an experience most of us would like to repeat, it's actually pretty mild when you look back on it. (dangerousmedicine.com)
- However, there are people who believe the disease is mild enough to not worry and who doubt the usefulness of the vaccine. (wordconstructions.com.au)
- A fever is often one of the first symptoms of Chickenpox and can range from mild to severe. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- Many people with chickenpox experience headaches, which can range from mild to severe. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- Other side effects caused by the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine are "mostly mild to moderate," according to a report published by the World Health Organisation (WHO). (allaboutvision.com)
- In rare cases, some patients who've received the flu vaccine experienced mild symptoms like eye redness, eye pain and blurred vision. (allaboutvision.com)
- Side effects of the varicella vaccine are typically mild and generally resolve on their own within a day or two. (healthline.com)
- The varicella vaccine is very safe, and common side effects are mild. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptoms of chickenpox appear1
- Incubation period: 10-21 days after exposure, symptoms of chickenpox appear. (giantmicrobes.com)
Chicken19
- So CDC removes its preference for the MMRV vaccine, but does not change it's preference to the MMR and separate chicken pox vaccine. (blogspot.com)
- The CDC said a study examined the risk for febrile seizures seven to 10 days after vaccination among 43,353 children ages 12 months to 23 months who received the MMRV vaccine and 314,599 children of the same age who received the MMR vaccine and chicken pox vaccine administered separately. (blogspot.com)
- In the absence of vaccines, chicken pox spreads easily in the population and repeated exposure to the virus acts like booster doses. (ahrp.org)
- Most kids today will never know the misery of a bout of chicken pox because of the chicken pox vaccine, but it looks like all of us could be paying a pretty big price for it in the form of shingles . (dangerousmedicine.com)
- Author Gary S. Goldman is a former research analyst for the Los Angeles Department of Health, and he monitored the introduction of the chicken pox vaccine . (dangerousmedicine.com)
- So, why then is there a vaccine for Chicken pox, and why is it recommended by health officials? (wordconstructions.com.au)
- The chicken pox vaccine is 100% effective against the severe disease and 80-90 % effective against the disease in total. (wordconstructions.com.au)
- Like all vaccines, there are some minor side effects possible from the chicken pox vaccine. (wordconstructions.com.au)
- v 2% breakthrough rate this means that 2 out of every hundred vaccinated people actually develop chicken pox from the vaccine. (wordconstructions.com.au)
- What is the Chicken Pox Vaccine? (thehealthboard.com)
- The chicken pox vaccine or varicella vaccine is a relatively recent addition to vaccines available in many parts of the world. (thehealthboard.com)
- This would suggest that people, who haven't had a case of chicken pox prior to reaching adulthood, should probably get the chicken pox vaccine. (thehealthboard.com)
- However, there is a difference between the chicken pox and the shingles vaccine. (thehealthboard.com)
- The chicken pox vaccine contains a weak form of the virus to help build antibodies. (thehealthboard.com)
- The schedule for giving chicken pox vaccine may vary. (thehealthboard.com)
- There are some people that should not get the chicken pox vaccine. (thehealthboard.com)
- To keep these numbers low, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends the chicken pox vaccine for almost anyone who has never had chickenpox or received the vaccine. (healthline.com)
- The chicken pox vaccine is also called the varicella vaccine. (healthline.com)
- Varicella (chicken pox) previously was not included as a vaccine-preventable disease. (cdc.gov)
Shingles vaccine5
- Not surprisingly, the CDC's answer to the rise in shingles is to recommend the shingles vaccine. (dangerousmedicine.com)
- The shingles vaccine is one of the most widely marketed vaccines on the market. (wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org)
- The CDC claims the shingles vaccine is safe, but a letter the FDA wrote to Merck paints a different picture. (wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org)
- The shingles vaccine Merck Pharmaceuticals has been marketing since 2006 now comes with a warning that it could cause eye damage. (wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org)
- Merck consequently faces Shingles Vaccine Lawsuits over this dubious vaccine. (wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org)
Vulnerable to chickenpox1
- The vaccine is currently only offered on the NHS to people who are in close contact with someone who is particularly vulnerable to chickenpox or its complications. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
Coronavirus2
- Local safety organisations are investigating this among other rare allergic reactions to the coronavirus vaccine produced by Pfizer and BioNTech. (allaboutvision.com)
- Pharmaceutical companies, vaccine scientists, the federal government, and state health departments deserve enormous credit for rapidly developing and distributing several safe and effective coronavirus vaccines to the majority of persons at the highest risk for death and complications. (medscape.com)
Develop lesions that do not2
Second dose of varicella vaccine2
- If you are eligible for just 1 dose of varicella vaccine and you want a second dose of varicella vaccine, you will need to pay for it. (alberta.ca)
- However, the advantages of a second dose of varicella vaccine (VarV) in students who had received one dose before an outbreak and the potential benefits of EV at more than 5 days after exposure have not been fully evaluated. (bvsalud.org)
Skip1
- People undergoing chemotherapy or radiation, who are pregnant, who have a moderate illness, who take steroids, or who have autoimmune conditions like lupus or HIV are advised to skip this vaccine too. (thehealthboard.com)
Dose12
- Is it your child's first or second dose of the chickenpox vaccine? (vaxopedia.org)
- True vaccine rashes are more common after the first dose. (vaxopedia.org)
- The Chickenpox vaccine is given in two doses, usually between 12 months and 15 months, with the second dose given between 4 to 6 years of age. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- The AAP is now recommending that children should receive a second dose of chickenpox vaccine at age four. (spectrumhealth.org)
- Children should get the first dose of chickenpox vaccine between 12 and 18 months of age. (spectrumhealth.org)
- Children should receive a second dose of chickenpox vaccine at four years of age. (spectrumhealth.org)
- If a child is older than four and has not had the chickenpox, they should also receive the second dose. (spectrumhealth.org)
- An appointment just for the second dose of vaccine isn't necessary. (spectrumhealth.org)
- The CDC encourages that children receive their first dose of the varicella vaccine when they are between 12 and 15 months old and their second dose when they are between 4 and 6 years old. (healthline.com)
- As of the 2021 school year, all states require at least one dose of the varicella vaccine. (healthline.com)
- Some experts suggested that maybe we'd be better off giving people only a single dose of the two-dose vaccines to stretch the limited supply. (medscape.com)
- the patient received a single dose of varicella vaccine at 1 year of age. (bvsalud.org)
Virus47
- If this happens, the varicella vaccine virus could be spread to an unprotected person. (medlineplus.gov)
- Symptoms of chickenpox generally begin between 10- and 21-days following exposure to the virus and the illness typically lasts between 5 and 10 days. (nvic.org)
- After five years of working with live but weakened versions of the virus in animal and human cells, he'd developed an early version of the vaccine that was ready for clinical trials. (cnet.com)
- The Oka vaccine for the varicella virus that causes chickenpox was developed in 1974, and widespread vaccination began in Japan and other countries in 1986. (cnet.com)
- This vaccine protects against chickenpox virus. (bchu.org)
- Very rarely, these people may spread the vaccine virus to somebody who is not immune or has a weak immune system. (bchu.org)
- Shingles is caused by the herpes varicella-zoster virus, the virus known to cause chickenpox . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus remains inactive in the nervous system. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The chickenpox (varicella) virus is highly infectious and is usually spread in airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- The chickenpox (varicella) vaccine provides protection against the varicella zoster virus that causes chickenpox. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- The chickenpox vaccine contains a small amount of weakened live varicella zoster virus. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- Rashes occurring within 2 weeks of or more than 42 days after vaccination are more likely to be wild-type virus, and rashes occurring 15-42 days postvaccination are more likely to be vaccine-type virus. (vaxopedia.org)
- Live Attenuated Varicella Virus Vaccine. (vaxopedia.org)
- Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. (wisconsin.gov)
- You also can get chickenpox from people who have shingles, which is caused by the same varicella-zoster virus. (wisconsin.gov)
- The vaccine stimulates the body's immune system to produce protective antibodies against the virus. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- Approved in 2006, the vaccine uses a live virus. (wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org)
- The vaccine contains live varicella zoster virus - the chickenpox virus that also causes shingles. (wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org)
- Once a person has had chickenpox, the virus remains dormant in their body. (wisconsinforvaccinechoice.org)
- Shingles virus is actually caused by reactivation in the body of the varicella-zoster virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox. (naturalhealth365.com)
- After contracting chickenpox in childhood, the virus remains dormant in the body, held in check by the body's immune system. (naturalhealth365.com)
- There is documented evidence that exposure to children who are suffering from chickenpox helps give a boost to adult immunity to the virus re-emerging as shingles. (naturalhealth365.com)
- In addition to concern over higher incidence of shingles during adulthood, there are concerns over live virus vaccines causing potentially dangerous vaccine-strain infections. (naturalhealth365.com)
- Plus, let's not forget, there is growing evidence that immunity to the virus - brought about by the vaccine - can be short-lived. (naturalhealth365.com)
- Varicella, commonly known in the United States as chickenpox, is caused by the varicella-zoster virus . (medscape.com)
- Moderna disclosed this Friday that it is developing vaccines against the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster (VZV), which causes chickenpox, and another with applications for two types of cancer, based on messenger RNA (mRNA) technology. (iwebwire.com)
- Moderna, which at the moment only has the vaccine against covid-19 approved, explained that the serum understudy for the herpes simplex virus is aimed at the HSV-2 type, which mainly infects the genitals, with the idea that it offers cross-protection. (iwebwire.com)
- The vaccine to guard in opposition to chickenpox ought to develop into a routine vaccine for youngsters within the UK, authorities advisers mentioned, including that the transfer wouldn't solely cut back the variety of kids contracting the virus, but additionally cut back the variety of critical circumstances that might result in dying. (biruim.com)
- Shingles happens in individuals who have beforehand had chickenpox when the varicella zoster virus turns into lively within the physique. (biruim.com)
- Chickenpox virus or varicella zooster virus (VZV) is a dermotropic (skin loving) and neutropic ( nervous system loving) virus that produces primary infect, usually in childhood, which may reactivate in later life. (com.ng)
- chickenpox virus is spread via aerosols, droplets and direct contact. (com.ng)
- A study led by researchers at the University of Toronto and the University of Manitoba has brought science one step closer to using the chickenpox virus to develop a vaccine against HIV. (aau.edu)
- After someone have the virus chickenpox they have a 1 in 3 change of getting shingles. (ipl.org)
- It's also the same virus that causes chickenpox (varicella). (ipl.org)
- Varicella-zoster is the virus that causes chickenpox . (healthline.com)
- A different virus causes monkeypox, so you'll need a different vaccine to teach your body to clear it. (healthline.com)
- Smallpox vaccine (vaccinia virus) is a highly effective immunizing agent against smallpox. (cdc.gov)
- CDC provides smallpox vaccine to protect laboratory workers occupationally exposed to smallpox virus and other closely related orthopox viruses (14). (cdc.gov)
- These drops are full of the chickenpox virus. (akronchildrens.org)
- Before you know it, the chickenpox virus has infected someone new. (akronchildrens.org)
- Includes an educational card with fascinating science and history facts about the Chickenpox varicella virus. (giantmicrobes.com)
- Six deaths were caused by the chickenpox virus in 2007. (giantmicrobes.com)
- The varicella vaccine contains weakened, live varicella virus. (msdmanuals.com)
- Because the vaccine contains live virus, it is not given to pregnant women, people with a weakened immune system, or people with cancer of the bone marrow or lymphatic system. (msdmanuals.com)
- Shingles comes from the same virus-herpes varicella zoster-that causes chickenpox. (medlineplus.gov)
- After chickenpox goes away, the virus remains in a dormant state in our nerve cells, ready to strike again in later life. (medlineplus.gov)
- This second eruption of the chickenpox virus is called shingles. (medlineplus.gov)
Protect against chickenpox2
- Two doses of the chickenpox shot are recommended for children by doctors as the best way to protect against chickenpox (varicella). (cdc.gov)
- The vaccine causes your immune system to produce antibodies that will help protect against chickenpox. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
Vaccination schedule3
- The chickenpox vaccine is not part of the routine childhood vaccination schedule. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- Helen Bedford, professor of kid well being at College Faculty London and co-author of the analysis, mentioned: "Including a vaccine to the UK vaccination schedule to guard kids from chickenpox can be welcomed by many mother and father. (biruim.com)
- New research has found that almost three quarters of parents would support a chickenpox vaccine being added to the childhood vaccination schedule. (keele.ac.uk)
Diseases4
- Getting infected with vaccine-preventable diseases can even lead to death. (thevaccinemom.com)
- Autoimmune disease: In some cases, the chickenpox vaccine has been linked to developing autoimmune diseases such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- It presents a comparison of COVID-19 vaccine formulations, updates of authorized and approved vaccines, updates on vaccines to other infectious diseases such as varicella, pneumococcus and hepatitis, and reminders of contraindications and precautions for vaccines covered. (cmelist.com)
- 2000 objective 20.1, which tracked the number of cases of vaccine-preventable diseases. (cdc.gov)
Complications from chickenpox1
- Certain groups of people, however, are at greater risk of serious complications from chickenpox. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
Fever1
- Common side effects of the flu vaccine include soreness, redness or swelling where the injection is given, along with headache, fever, nausea and muscle aches. (allaboutvision.com)
MRNA2
- "We are committed to addressing latent viruses with the goal of avoiding lifelong medical illnesses with our mRNA vaccine programs," said Moderna CEO Stéphane Bancel, adding that more lines could soon be added to the current five. (iwebwire.com)
- Inactivated or mRNA vaccines are not recommended within 2 weeks before teplizumab treatment, during treatment, or 6 weeks after completion of treatment. (medscape.com)
Immune system1
- People with serious immune system problems should not get varicella vaccine. (medlineplus.gov)
Adverse Effects1
- Follow VaccineInjuryNews.com for more news about the adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines. (newstarget.com)
Michiaki Takahashi2
- That man was Dr. Michiaki Takahashi, and his vaccine is now used to protect millions of children all over the world from the disease. (cnet.com)
- Michiaki Takahashi - Today's Google doodle commemorated the birth anniversary of Japanese virologist Dr. Michiaki Takahashi who was responsible for developing the first vaccine against chickenpox. (sharetechstudio.com)
Spread chickenpox1
- Direct contact with a chickenpox blister or the saliva from an infected person can spread chickenpox to other people. (giantmicrobes.com)
Children29
- Older children or adolescents should also get two doses of the chickenpox vaccine if they have never had chickenpox or were never vaccinated. (cdc.gov)
- Children who get chickenpox can miss about a week of school or child care. (cdc.gov)
- The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Academy of Family Physicians, and American Academy of Pediatrics strongly recommend children receive all vaccines according to the recommended vaccine schedule . (cdc.gov)
- The CDC said it made the change after seeing evidence that children who got the combined MMRV vaccine faced an elevated, but still very small, risk of suffering febrile seizures after vaccination compared to those who got the two shots. (blogspot.com)
- In Australia, the vaccine is on the schedule of immunisations recommended for all children, but it isn t funded by the Government. (wordconstructions.com.au)
- A study of children showed 7 out of 10 of them would prefer the vaccine to the disease. (wordconstructions.com.au)
- The vaccine can be administered to healthy children 9 months of age and older. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- It should, however, be remembered that no vaccine is 100% effective in preventing disease and that vaccination in children under the age of 1 year is an unlicensed use of the vaccine reserved for exceptional circumstances. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- For example, if you were having chemotherapy treatment, it would be recommended that non-immune children close to you are given the chickenpox vaccination. (regentstreetclinic.co.uk)
- Approximately 2% of children who received a placebo in the clinical trials also developed generalized rashes, some of which were varicella-like, indicating that not all rashes following vaccination are attributable to the vaccine. (vaxopedia.org)
- In the past, some parents held "chickenpox parties" to expose their unvaccinated children to a child with chickenpox in hopes that they would get the disease. (wisconsin.gov)
- The best way to protect infants and children against chickenpox is to get them vaccinated. (wisconsin.gov)
- Find out if you and your children are up to date on vaccines to prevent chickenpox. (wisconsin.gov)
- Loss of appetite is a common symptom of Chickenpox, especially in children. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- Up to 10 percent of children do not respond to the first vaccine, leaving them vulnerable to acquiring chickenpox," said William Stratbucker, MD, pediatrician, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital. (spectrumhealth.org)
- Evidence suggests that if we give a second chickenpox vaccine we will "catch" some of the non-responders and reduce the percentage of vulnerable children. (spectrumhealth.org)
- I am one of five children and remember the chickenpox sweeping through our house growing up. (spectrumhealth.org)
- The chickenpox vaccine is now routinely given to children before they start school. (thehealthboard.com)
- Chickenpox is usually a benign disease in children, and almost all children recover uneventfully. (medscape.com)
- While COVID-19 vaccines haven't been tied to serious vision issues, researchers have detected eye problems in a number of children infected with COVID. (allaboutvision.com)
- medical citation needed] Chickenpox is rarely fatal, although it is generally more severe in adult men than in women or children. (wikipedia.org)
- The cohort included 281 children on chronic immunosuppressive medications with a median age of 8.9 years at the time of the first post-transplant vaccine. (renalinterventions.net)
- This vaccine is for use in children under 12 years old. (healthline.com)
- The Pfizer vaccine has triggered the hospitalization of 13,636 children, while the Moderna vaccine caused 1,001, and the Janssen vaccine 62. (newstarget.com)
- The Pfizer vaccine has almost killed or permanently disabled 1,073 children, the Moderna vaccine 119 children, and the Janssen vaccine four children. (newstarget.com)
- The Pfizer vaccine has killed at least 143 children, while the Moderna vaccine has killed at least 20 children. (newstarget.com)
- The authors stated it was not clear whether the rise in exemptions is because there has been a surge in parents opposing routine childhood vaccines, or if they are opting for non-medical exemptions because they have obstacles that make it hard to vaccinate their children. (newstarget.com)
- In 2010, 90% of children under three years old received the vaccine for chickenpox. (giantmicrobes.com)
- Establishing trust and overcoming obstacles to vaccination will become even more important after vaccine trials are completed in children later this year. (medscape.com)
Lesions1
- Chickenpox lesions in a person previously vaccinated with the chickenpox vaccine may not always crust over. (nvic.org)
Centers4
- If you think you experienced monkeypox exposure or that you are at high risk for monkeypox, there are vaccines available in health centers across the country. (healthline.com)
- For more information, see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Chickenpox vaccine information statement . (msdmanuals.com)
- To date, family physicians have been largely left out of the vaccine rollout in favor of state and county health departments, hospitals, chain pharmacies, and mass vaccinations at convention centers and stadiums. (medscape.com)
- According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), two doses of the new vaccine are more than 90 percent effective at preventing shingles and its side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
Pregnant3
- Pregnant women should not get the chickenpox vaccine until after they give birth. (kidshealth.org)
- If you are planning to get pregnant, wait 1 month after having this vaccine before you start trying to get pregnant. (alberta.ca)
- Pregnant women should not receive the vaccine. (raffleshealth.com)
Recombinant zoster vaccine1
- Recently, shingles has made headlines because of a new vaccine that was approved in 2017: the recombinant zoster vaccine, or Shingrix. (medlineplus.gov)
Illness4
- Generally, simple colds and other minor illness should not stop your child from getting a vaccine. (kidshealth.org)
- Please, I'm begging you, please don't take your healthy and happy child to a chickenpox party or any other party where they are exposed to a vaccine-preventable illness. (thevaccinemom.com)
- The chickenpox vaccine prevents almost all cases of severe illness. (wisconsin.gov)
- If people have a temporary illness, doctors usually wait to give the vaccine until the illness resolves. (msdmanuals.com)
Infectious3
- Stanford Medicine infectious disease expert Anne Liu provides guidance on the RSV, flu and new COVID-19 vaccines this fall. (stanford.edu)
- Taryn is a mother of two and a molecular biologist specializing in vaccines, infectious disease, and molecular medicine. (thevaccinemom.com)
- For example, infectious disease modelers at the Health Protection Agency in Britain have estimated that shingles could increase 30 to 50 percent in the adult population if childhood vaccination for chickenpox becomes widespread. (naturalhealth365.com)
Spreads5
- Chickenpox spreads easily from people with chickenpox to others who have never had the disease or never been vaccinated. (cdc.gov)
- The disease spreads mainly through close contact with someone who has chickenpox or shingles. (cdc.gov)
- Chickenpox easily spreads from person to person. (wisconsin.gov)
- Chickenpox is an airborne disease which easily spreads via human-to-human transmission, typically through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. (wikipedia.org)
- Chickenpox spreads easily. (giantmicrobes.com)
People29
- It doesn't happen often, but people can die from chickenpox. (medlineplus.gov)
- Most people who are vaccinated with 2 doses of varicella vaccine will be protected for life. (medlineplus.gov)
- People who are moderately or severely ill should usually wait until they recover before getting varicella vaccine. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some people who are vaccinated against chickenpox get shingles (herpes zoster) years later. (medlineplus.gov)
- Some people who have been vaccinated against chickenpox can still get the disease, called breakthrough chickenpox. (cdc.gov)
- Before the vaccine was available, each year more than 4 million people got chickenpox, over 10,000 of those people were hospitalized, and up to 150 people died in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Chickenpox can also spread from people with shingles. (cdc.gov)
- If one person has it, about 9 out of 10 people close to that person who are not protected against chickenpox will also become infected. (cdc.gov)
- People who take aspirin should stop for 6 weeks when getting the chickenpox vaccine. (kidshealth.org)
- People born on or after August 1, 2005, need 2 doses of a varicella vaccine. (alberta.ca)
- At least 1 out of 100 people who got this vaccine reported 1 or more of these side effects. (alberta.ca)
- People, especially those under the age of 18 years, should not take aspirin for 6 weeks after getting a vaccine that protects against varicella (unless your doctor tells you to take it) because it can cause serious health problems. (alberta.ca)
- v The vaccine is tolerated by immune people so there is no problem with receiving it if in doubt. (wordconstructions.com.au)
- Deaths are very rare now because many people are protected by the vaccine. (wisconsin.gov)
- Most people who get the vaccine won't get chickenpox. (wisconsin.gov)
- Some people with chickenpox experience muscle aches, joint pain, or general discomfort. (myvaccinelawyer.com)
- Approximately 12,000 people are hospitalized annually in the United States for chickenpox. (spectrumhealth.org)
- The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) is a federal program that was created to compensate people who may have been injured by certain vaccines. (kidshealthyhearts.net)
- People usually only get chickenpox once. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, in the 1990s, about 4 million people got chickenpox every year, and more than 10,000 people experienced hospitalization. (healthline.com)
- Today, only about 500,000 people in the U.S. get chickenpox each year. (healthline.com)
- This vaccine is for people of all ages. (healthline.com)
- The CDC reports that more than 90% of people who receive the varicella vaccine never get chickenpox. (healthline.com)
- People who receive the vaccine, but do get chickenpox, typically have milder cases. (healthline.com)
- Not long ago, millions of people got chickenpox each year in the United States. (akronchildrens.org)
- But now that kids get the vaccine, fewer and fewer people get chickenpox. (akronchildrens.org)
- 10-20% of people who have had chickenpox will contract shingles. (giantmicrobes.com)
- Certain conditions may affect whether and when people are vaccinated (see also CDC: Who Should NOT Get Vaccinated With These Vaccines? ). (msdmanuals.com)
- There is a vaccine for chickenpox that can prevent or lessen symptoms for most people. (medlineplus.gov)
Smallpox9
- Chickenpox was not separated from smallpox until the late 19th century. (wikipedia.org)
- These revised ACIP recommendations on smallpox vaccine update the previous recommendations (MMWR 1980;29:417-20) to include current information on the changes in the International Health Regulations and the ending of distribution of smallpox vaccine to civilians. (cdc.gov)
- The basic recommendation is unchanged--smallpox vaccine is only indicated for civilians who are laboratory workers occupationally exposed to smallpox or other closely related orthopox viruses. (cdc.gov)
- The judicious use of smallpox vaccine has eradicated smallpox. (cdc.gov)
- Misuse of smallpox vaccine to treat herpes infections has been associated with severe complications (9-11). (cdc.gov)
- Smallpox vaccine should never be used therapeutically. (cdc.gov)
- In May 1983, the only active, licensed producer of smallpox vaccine in the United States discontinued distribution of smallpox vaccine to civilians (13). (cdc.gov)
- As a result, smallpox vaccine is no longer available to civilians. (cdc.gov)
- In 1767, English doctor William Heberden first distinguished chickenpox from smallpox. (giantmicrobes.com)
MMRV1
- The CDC said the availability of the MMRV vaccine, made by pharmaceutical company Merck, already was limited in the United States because of manufacturing constraints unrelated to vaccine safety, and was not expected to be widely available until 2009. (blogspot.com)