Cheyne stokes respiration. Medical search

The metabolic process of all living cells (animal and plant) in which oxygen is used to provide a source of energy for the cell.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

A plant genus of the family Anacardiaceae, order Sapindales, subclass Rosidae. It is a source of gallotannin (TANNIC ACID) and of somewhat edible fruit. Do not confuse with TOXICODENDRON which used to be part of this genus.

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

An abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by alternating periods of apnea and deep, rapid breathing. The cycle begins with slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase in depth and rate and is then followed by a period of apnea. The period of apnea can last 5 to 30 seconds, then the cycle repeats every 45 seconds to 3 minutes.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Electron transfer through the cytochrome system liberating free energy which is transformed into high-energy phosphate bonds.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)

Life or metabolic reactions occurring in an environment containing oxygen.

A colorless, odorless gas that can be formed by the body and is necessary for the respiration cycle of plants and animals.

Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.

A multisubunit enzyme complex containing CYTOCHROME A GROUP; CYTOCHROME A3; two copper atoms; and 13 different protein subunits. It is the terminal oxidase complex of the RESPIRATORY CHAIN and collects electrons that are transferred from the reduced CYTOCHROME C GROUP and donates them to molecular OXYGEN, which is then reduced to water. The redox reaction is simultaneously coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.

An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Derivatives of SUCCINIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a 1,4-carboxy terminated aliphatic structure.

Mitochondria of skeletal and smooth muscle. It does not include myocardial mitochondria for which MITOCHONDRIA, HEART is available.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The mitochondria of the myocardium.

Proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome or proteins encoded by the nuclear genome that are imported to and resident in the MITOCHONDRIA.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.94. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.

A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851)

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes, but has been shown to be an especially potent inhibitor of heme enzymes and hemeproteins. It is used in many industrial processes.

The number of times an organism breathes with the lungs (RESPIRATION) per unit time, usually per minute.

Hemeproteins whose characteristic mode of action involves transfer of reducing equivalents which are associated with a reversible change in oxidation state of the prosthetic group. Formally, this redox change involves a single-electron, reversible equilibrium between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states of the central iron atom (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539). The various cytochrome subclasses are organized by the type of HEME and by the wavelength range of their reduced alpha-absorption bands.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

An electrochemical technique for measuring the current that flows in solution as a function of an applied voltage. The observed polarographic wave, resulting from the electrochemical response, depends on the way voltage is applied (linear sweep or differential pulse) and the type of electrode used. Usually a mercury drop electrode is used.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic rods. It is a saprophytic, marine organism which is often isolated from spoiling fish.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

A proton ionophore that is commonly used as an uncoupling agent in biochemical studies.

Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate). An adenine nucleotide containing two phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety at the 5'-position.

A complex of enzymes and PROTON PUMPS located on the inner membrane of the MITOCHONDRIA and in bacterial membranes. The protein complex provides energy in the form of an electrochemical gradient, which may be used by either MITOCHONDRIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES or BACTERIAL PROTON-TRANSLOCATING ATPASES.

A botanical insecticide that is an inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport.

The motion of fluids, especially noncompressible liquids, under the influence of internal and external forces.

A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase complex that catalyzes the conversion of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol. In MITOCHONDRIA the complex also couples its reaction to the transport of PROTONS across the internal mitochondrial membrane. The NADH DEHYDROGENASE component of the complex can be isolated and is listed as EC 1.6.99.3.

A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A glycoside of a kaurene type diterpene that is found in some plants including Atractylis gummifera (ATRACTYLIS); COFFEE; XANTHIUM, and CALLILEPIS. Toxicity is due to inhibition of ADENINE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSLOCASE.

A class of ciliate protozoa. Characteristics include the presence of a well developed oral apparatus and oral cilia being clearly distinct from somatic cilia.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Collections of differentiated CELLS, such as EPITHELIUM; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; MUSCLES; and NERVE TISSUE. Tissues are cooperatively arranged to form organs with specialized functions such as RESPIRATION; DIGESTION; REPRODUCTION; MOVEMENT; and others.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

A chronic inflammatory condition affecting the axial joints, such as the SACROILIAC JOINT and other intervertebral or costovertebral joints. It occurs predominantly in young males and is characterized by pain and stiffness of joints (ANKYLOSIS) with inflammation at tendon insertions.

Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Nonionic surfactant mixtures varying in the number of repeating ethoxy (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) groups. They are used as detergents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoaming agents, etc. Octoxynol-9, the compound with 9 repeating ethoxy groups, is a spermatocide.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Organic compounds that contain two nitro groups attached to a phenol.

A flavoprotein containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of SUCCINATE to fumarate. In most eukaryotic organisms this enzyme is a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex II.

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

The property of emitting radiation while being irradiated. The radiation emitted is usually of longer wavelength than that incident or absorbed, e.g., a substance can be irradiated with invisible radiation and emit visible light. X-ray fluorescence is used in diagnosis.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

Compounds based on fumaric acid.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Physiological processes and properties of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Biological actions and events that support the functions of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

Proteins found usually in the cytoplasm or nucleus that specifically bind steroid hormones and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. The steroid receptor-steroid hormone complex regulates the transcription of specific genes.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. It is a cytochrome protein that contains IRON and MOLYBDENUM.

The voltage difference, normally maintained at approximately -180mV, across the INNER MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE, by a net movement of positive charge across the membrane. It is a major component of the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE in MITOCHONDRIA used to drive the synthesis of ATP.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.

A proton ionophore. It is commonly used as an uncoupling agent and inhibitor of photosynthesis because of its effects on mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes.

An increase in MITOCHONDRIAL VOLUME due to an influx of fluid; it occurs in hypotonic solutions due to osmotic pressure and in isotonic solutions as a result of altered permeability of the membranes of respiring mitochondria.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

An intermediate compound in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. In thiamine deficiency, its oxidation is retarded and it accumulates in the tissues, especially in nervous structures. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Used in the form of the hydrochloride as a reagent in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (CITRIC ACID CYCLE). It catalyzes the reaction of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to form citrate and coenzyme A. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 4.1.3.7.

An esterified form of TRIAMCINOLONE. It is an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid used topically in the treatment of various skin disorders. Intralesional, intramuscular, and intra-articular injections are also administered under certain conditions.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

A barbiturate with hypnotic and sedative properties (but not antianxiety). Adverse effects are mainly a consequence of dose-related CNS depression and the risk of dependence with continued use is high. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p565)

A series of oxidative reactions in the breakdown of acetyl units derived from GLUCOSE; FATTY ACIDS; or AMINO ACIDS by means of tricarboxylic acid intermediates. The end products are CARBON DIOXIDE, water, and energy in the form of phosphate bonds.

The absence of light.

A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD. In eukaryotes the enzyme can be found as a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex I. Under experimental conditions the enzyme can use CYTOCHROME C GROUP as the reducing cofactor. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 1.6.2.1.

A flavoprotein oxidase complex that contains iron-sulfur centers. It catalyzes the oxidation of SUCCINATE to fumarate and couples the reaction to the reduction of UBIQUINONE to ubiquinol.

Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estradiol, migrate to the nucleus, and regulate DNA transcription.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

The deductive study of shape, quantity, and dependence. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the bovine RUMEN, the human gingival sulcus, and dental PULPITIS infections.

Oxidoreductases that are specific for the reduction of NITRATES.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known positive charge, found in the nuclei of all elements. The proton mass is less than that of a neutron. A proton is the nucleus of the light hydrogen atom, i.e., the hydrogen ion.

Cytoplasmic proteins that specifically bind glucocorticoids and mediate their cellular effects. The glucocorticoid receptor-glucocorticoid complex acts in the nucleus to induce transcription of DNA. Glucocorticoids were named for their actions on blood glucose concentration, but they have equally important effects on protein and fat metabolism. Cortisol is the most important example.

A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side chains of protoheme and the protein. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539)

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

The chemical reactions that occur within the cells, tissues, or an organism. These processes include both the biosynthesis (ANABOLISM) and the breakdown (CATABOLISM) of organic materials utilized by the living organism.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A form of creatine kinase found in the MITOCHONDRIA.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A class of nucleotide translocases found abundantly in mitochondria that function as integral components of the inner mitochondrial membrane. They facilitate the exchange of ADP and ATP between the cytosol and the mitochondria, thereby linking the subcellular compartments of ATP production to those of ATP utilization.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A group of enzymes that oxidize diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

A highly poisonous compound that is an inhibitor of many metabolic processes and is used as a test reagent for the function of chemoreceptors. It is also used in many industrial processes.

A family of compounds containing an oxo group with the general structure of 1,5-pentanedioic acid. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p442)

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

Relating to the size of solids.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

The concentration of osmotically active particles in solution expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. Osmolality is expressed in terms of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.

Thin structures that encapsulate subcellular structures or ORGANELLES in EUKARYOTIC CELLS. They include a variety of membranes associated with the CELL NUCLEUS; the MITOCHONDRIA; the GOLGI APPARATUS; the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; LYSOSOMES; PLASTIDS; and VACUOLES.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

A multisubunit enzyme complex that contains CYTOCHROME B GROUP; CYTOCHROME C1; and iron-sulfur centers. It catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol to UBIQUINONE, and transfers the electrons to CYTOCHROME C. In MITOCHONDRIA the redox reaction is coupled to the transport of PROTONS across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

Part of the brain located in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA and PONS. It receives neural, chemical and hormonal signals, and controls the rate and depth of respiratory movements of the DIAPHRAGM and other respiratory muscles.

A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.

A major integral transmembrane protein of the ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE. It is the anion exchanger responsible for electroneutral transporting in CHLORIDE IONS in exchange of BICARBONATE IONS allowing CO2 uptake and transport from tissues to lungs by the red blood cells. Genetic mutations that result in a loss of the protein function have been associated with type 4 HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS.

Irregular HEART RATE caused by abnormal function of the SINOATRIAL NODE. It is characterized by a greater than 10% change between the maximum and the minimum sinus cycle length or 120 milliseconds.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

The two lipoprotein layers in the MITOCHONDRION. The outer membrane encloses the entire mitochondrion and contains channels with TRANSPORT PROTEINS to move molecules and ions in and out of the organelle. The inner membrane folds into cristae and contains many ENZYMES important to cell METABOLISM and energy production (MITOCHONDRIAL ATP SYNTHASE).

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035)

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Diseases caused by abnormal function of the MITOCHONDRIA. They may be caused by mutations, acquired or inherited, in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes that code for mitochondrial components. They may also be the result of acquired mitochondria dysfunction due to adverse effects of drugs, infections, or other environmental causes.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The volume of air inspired or expired during each normal, quiet respiratory cycle. Common abbreviations are TV or V with subscript T.

The processes of heating and cooling that an organism uses to control its temperature.

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.

Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.

Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

An enzyme secreted from the liver into the plasma of many mammalian species. It catalyzes the esterification of the hydroxyl group of lipoprotein cholesterol by the transfer of a fatty acid from the C-2 position of lecithin. In familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency disease, the absence of the enzyme results in an excess of unesterified cholesterol in plasma. EC 2.3.1.43.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Prognostic value of nocturnal Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure. (1/97)

BACKGROUND: Nocturnal Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) occurs frequently in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and it may be associated with sympathetic activation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether CSR could affect prognosis in patients with CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-two CHF patients with left ventricular ejection fraction /=30/h and left atria >/=25 cm2. CONCLUSIONS: The AHI is a powerful independent predictor of poor prognosis in clinically stable patients with CHF. The presence of an AHI >/=30/h adds prognostic information compared with other clinical, echocardiographic, and autonomic data and identifies patients at very high risk for subsequent cardiac death. (+info)

High prevalence and persistence of sleep apnoea in patients referred for acute left ventricular failure and medically treated over 2 months. (2/97)

AIMS: Cardiac failure patients were studied systematically using polysomnography 1 month after recovering from acute pulmonary oedema, and again after 2 months of optimal medical treatment for cardiac failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective study of consecutive patients was conducted in a cardiac care unit of a university hospital. V o(2)measurements and left ventricular ejection fraction were recorded. Thirty-four patients, initially recruited with pulmonary oedema, improved after 1 month of medical treatment to NYHA II or III. They were aged less than 75 years and had a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 45% at the time of inclusion. Age was 62 (9) years, body mass index= 27 (5) kg x m(-2)and an ejection fraction= 30 (10)%. Eighteen of the 34 patients (53%) had coronary artery disease. Twenty-eight of the 34 had sleep apnoea syndrome with an apnoea+hypopnoea index >15 x h(-1)of sleep. Thus, the prevalence of sleep apnoea in this population was 82%. Twenty-one of 28 (75%) patients had central sleep apnoea and seven of 28 (25%) had obstructive sleep apnoea. Patients with central sleep apnoea had a lower Pa co(2)than those with obstructive sleep apnoea (33 (5) vs 37 (5) mmHg, P<0.005). Significant correlations were found between apnoea+hypopnoea index and peak exercise oxygen consumption (r= -0.73, P<0.01), and apnoea+hypopnoea index and Pa co(2)(r= -0.42, P = 0.03). When only central sleep apnoea patients were considered, a correlation between apnoea+hypopnoea index and left ventricular ejection fraction was also demonstrated (r= -0.46, P<0.04). After 2 months of optimal medical treatment only two patients (both with central sleep apnoea) showed improvement (apnoea+hypopnoea index <15 x h(-1)). CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated a high prevalence of sleep apnoea, which persisted after 2 months of medical treatment, in patients referred for acute left ventricular failure. Central sleep apnoea can be considered a marker of the severity of congestive heart failure. (+info)

Second by second patterns in cortical electroencephalograph and systolic blood pressure during Cheyne-Stokes. (3/97)

Little is known about how arousal develops during the ventilatory phase of Cheyne-Stokes breathing. This study employs neural network analysis of electroencephalograms (EEGs) to describe these changes and relate them to changes in systolic blood pressure, which is probably a subcortical marker of arousal. Six patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (apnoea/hypopnoea index 32-69 h(-1)) caused by stable chronic heart failure underwent polysomnography including arterial beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure determination. Periods of 15 sequential apnoeas during nonrapid eye movement sleep were identified for each subject. For each apnoea, the EEG was examined second-by-second using neural net analysis from 28 s before to 28 s after apnoea termination (first return of oronasal airflow), and this was compared with the systolic blood pressure pattern. During the apnoeic phase, sleep deepened progressively. Arousal started to develop at or just before apnoea termination and progresses through the breathing phase. The rise and fall in the systolic blood pressure closely followed the rise and fall in electroencephalographic sleep depth. In conclusion, during Cheyne-Stokes breathing, cortical electroencephalographic arousal begins at or just before the resumption of breathing. Cortical electroencephalographic sleep depth changes are closely mirrored by changes in arterial systolic blood pressure, suggesting that the state changes in the cortical and basal brain structures may be synchronous. (+info)

Oscillatory breathing patterns during wakefulness in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical implications and role of augmented peripheral chemosensitivity. (4/97)

BACKGROUND: Oscillatory breathing patterns characterized by rises and falls in ventilation with apnea (Cheyne-Stokes respiration [CSR]) or without apnea (periodic breathing [PB]) commonly occur during the daytime in chronic heart failure (CHF). We have prospectively characterized patients with cyclical breathing in terms of clinical characteristics, indices of autonomic control, prognosis, and the role of peripheral chemosensitivity. METHODS AND RESULTS: To determine cyclical breathing pattern, power spectral analysis was applied to 30-minute recordings of respiration in 74 stable CHF patients. Analyses of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity were used to assess autonomic balance. Peripheral chemosensitivity was assessed with the transient hypoxia method. We also determined whether the suppression of peripheral chemoreceptor activity (hyperoxia or dihydrocodeine) would influence the respiratory pattern. Cyclical respiration was found in 49 (66%) patients (22 [30%] CSR, 27 [36%] PB) and was associated with more advanced CHF symptoms, impaired autonomic balance, and increased chemosensitivity (0.80 and 0.75 versus 0.34 L. min(-1). %SaO(2)(-1), P<0.001, for CSR and PB versus normal breathing, respectively). Transient hyperoxia abolished oscillatory breathing in 7 of 8 patients. Dihydrocodeine administration decreased chemosensitivity by 42% (P=0.05), which correlated with improvement in respiratory pattern. Cyclical breathing predicted poor 2-year survival (relative risk 9.41, P<0.01, by Cox proportional hazards analysis), independent of peak oxygen consumption (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: An oscillatory breathing pattern during the daytime is a marker of impaired autonomic regulation and poor outcome. Augmented activity of peripheral chemoreceptors may be involved in the genesis of this respiratory pattern. Modulation of peripheral chemosensitivity can reduce or abolish abnormal respiratory patterns and may be an option in the management of CHF patients with oscillatory breathing. (+info)

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure patients with and without Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (5/97)

BACKGROUND: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) who also have Cheyne-Stokes respiration and central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA). However, the effects of CPAP in CHF patients without CSR-CSA have not been tested, and the long-term effects of this treatment on clinical cardiovascular outcomes are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial in which 66 patients with CHF (29 with and 37 without CSR-CSA) were randomized to either a group that received CPAP nightly or to a control group. Change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to 3 months and the combined mortality-cardiac transplantation rate over the median 2.2-year follow-up period were compared between the CPAP-treated and control groups. For the entire group of patients, CPAP had no significant effect on LVEF, but it was associated with a 60% relative risk reduction (95% confidence interval, 2% to 64%) in mortality-cardiac transplantation rate in patients who complied with CPAP therapy. Stratified analysis of patients with and without CSR-CSA revealed that those with CSR-CSA experienced both a significant improvement in LVEF at 3 months and a relative risk reduction of 81% (95% confidence interval, 26% to 95%) in the mortality-cardiac transplantation rate of those who used CPAP. CPAP had no significant effect on either of these outcomes in patients without CSR-CSA. CONCLUSIONS: CPAP improves cardiac function in CHF patients with CSR-CSA but not in those without it. Although not definitive, our findings also suggest that CPAP can reduce the combined mortality-cardiac transplantation rate in those CHF patients with CSR-CSA who comply with therapy. (+info)

Quantitative general theory for periodic breathing in chronic heart failure and its clinical implications. (6/97)

BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), periodic breathing (PB) predicts poor prognosis. Clinical studies have identified numerous risk factors for PB (which also includes Cheyne-Stokes respiration). Computer simulations have shown that oscillations can arise from delayed negative feedback. However, no simple general theory quantitatively explains PB and its mechanisms of treatment using widely-understood clinical concepts. Therefore, we introduce a new approach to the quantitative analysis of the dynamic physiology governing cardiorespiratory stability in CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: An algebraic formula was derived (presented as a simple 2D plot), enabling prediction from easily acquired clinical data to determine whether respiration will be unstable. Clinical validation was performed in 20 patients with CHF (10 with PB and 10 without) and 10 healthy normal subjects. Measurements, including chemoreflex sensitivity (S) and delay (delta), alveolar volume (V(L)), and end-tidal CO(2) fraction (C), were applied to the stability formula. The breathing pattern was correctly predicted in 28 of the 30 subjects. The principal combined parameter (CS)x(delta/V(L)) was higher in patients with PB (14.2+/-3.0) than in those without PB (3.1+/-0.5; P:=0.0005) or in normal controls (2.4+/-0.5; P:=0.0003). This was because of differences in both chemoreflex sensitivity (1749+/-235 versus 620+/-103 and 526+/-104 L/min per atm CO(2); P:=0.0001 and P:<0.0001, respectively) and chemoreflex delay (0.53+/-0.06 vs 0.40+/-0.06 and 0.30+/-0.04 min; P:=NS and P:=0.02). CONCLUSION: This analytical approach identifies the physiological abnormalities that are important in the genesis of PB and explicitly defines the region of predicted instability. The clinical data identify chemoreflex gain and delay time (rather than hyperventilation or hypocapnia) as causes of PB. (+info)

Cognitive impairment in heart failure with Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (7/97)

OBJECTIVES: To document the degree of cognitive impairment in stable heart failure, and to determine its relation to the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep. SUBJECTS: 104 heart failure patients and 21 healthy normal volunteers. METHODS: Overnight oximetry was used (previously validated as a screening tool for Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure). Cognitive function was assessed using a battery of neuropsychological tests. Left ventricular function was assessed by echocardiography. RESULTS: Heart failure patients performed worse than the healthy volunteers in tests that measured vigilance. Reaction times were 48% slower (0.89 (0.03) s v 0.60 (0.05) s p < 0.005) and they hit twice as many obstacles on the Steer Clear simulator (75 (6.4) v 33 (4.6); p < 0.005). Cognitive impairment within the heart failure group was unrelated to either the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration, the degree of left ventricular dysfunction, or indices of nocturnal oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: Vigilance was impaired in heart failure but this did not appear to be related to the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep. Impaired vigilance as measured on the Steer Clear test has been associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. The issue of fitness to drive in heart failure requires further attention. (+info)

Characterisation of breathing and associated central autonomic dysfunction in the Rett disorder. (8/97)

AIM: To investigate breathing rhythm and brain stem autonomic control in patients with Rett disorder. SETTING: Two university teaching hospitals in the United Kingdom and the Rett Centre, Sweden. PATIENTS: 56 female patients with Rett disorder, aged 2-35 years; 11 controls aged 5-28 years. DESIGN: One hour recordings of breathing movement, blood pressure, ECG R-R interval, heart rate, transcutaneous blood gases, cardiac vagal tone, and cardiac sensitivity to baroreflex measured on-line with synchronous EEG and video. Breathing rhythms were analysed in 47 cases. RESULTS: Respiratory rhythm was normal during sleep and abnormal in the waking state. Forced and apneustic breathing were prominent among 5-10 year olds, and Valsalva breathing in the over 18 year olds, who were also most likely to breathe normally. Inadequate breathing peaked among 10-18 year olds. Inadequate and exaggerated breathing was associated with vacant spells. Resting cardiac vagal tone and cardiac sensitivity to baroreflex were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Labile respiratory rhythms and poor integrative inhibition in Rett disorder suggest brain immaturity. Linking this to an early monoaminergic defect suggests possible targets for the MECP2 gene in clinical intervention. Exaggerated and inadequate autonomic responses may contribute to sudden death. (+info)

In pure central sleep apnea or Cheyne-Stokes respiration, the brain's respiratory control centers are imbalanced during sleep. ... Yumino D, Bradley TD (February 2008). "Central sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes respiration". Proceedings of the American Thoracic ... Cheyne-Stokes Respiration". Sleep. 29 (8): 1045-1051. doi:10.1093/sleep/29.8.1045. PMID 16944673. Vennelle M, White S, Riha RL ... The Inspire Upper Airway Stimulation system senses respiration and applies mild electrical stimulation during inspiration, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_apnea

Cheyne-Stokes respiration". Sleep. 29 (8): 1045-51. doi:10.1093/sleep/29.8.1045. PMID 16944673. Caba, Justin (16 April 2015). " ... The second and third criteria are about respiration - waking with breath holding, gasping, or choking ; snoring, breathing ... Randomized controlled studies of the efficacy of UPPP are published, showing effect on nocturnal respiration and excessive ... thoraco-abdominal paradoxical respiration during the event. If none of them are present during the event, then it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea

Abnormal breathing patterns include Kussmaul breathing, Biot's respiration and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Other breathing ... Medicine portal Agonal respiration - Abnormal pattern of breathing (not related to death rattle) Ataxic respiration Bad breath ... Breathing, or "external respiration", brings air into the lungs where gas exchange takes place in the alveoli through diffusion ... All aerobic creatures need oxygen for cellular respiration, which uses the oxygen to break down foods for energy and produces ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing

She was extremely confused and was suffering from tachycardia and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. The medical staff injected her ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Gloria_Ramirez

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a breathing pattern consisting of alternating periods of rapid and slow breathing, which may ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration may be observed in newborn babies, but this is occasionally physiological (normal). Chest retractions ... Rudrappa, Mohan; Bollu, Pradeep C. (2019), "Cheyne Stokes Respirations", StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing, PMID 28846350, ... aid in respiration. These are signs of respiratory distress. The physician then typically inspects the fingers for cyanosis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_examination

Adults suffering from congestive heart failure are at risk for a form of central apnea called Cheyne-Stokes respiration, which ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration is characterized by periodic breathing featuring recurrent episodes of apnea alternating with ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration, High-altitude periodic breathing, CSA due to a medical condition without CSB, Central sleep apnea ... CSA with Cheyne-Stokes breathing is characterized by at least one of the criteria of Primary CSA or the presence of atrial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_sleep_apnea

Cheyne-Stokes respiration - Abnormal breathing pattern, another condition involving oxygen / carbon dioxide imbalance and which ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freediving_blackout

He was confined to bed for a month, with death for a time seeming close as he began suffering from Cheyne-Stokes respiration. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takashi_Nagai

He died from "brain disease and Cheyne-Stokes respiration" at his summer residence in Thousand Island Park, and was buried at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_N._Kennedy

... expiratory lung volume is a change in the level of end expiratory lung volume and may be elevated in Cheyne-Stokes respiration ... The electronics convert this change in frequency to a digital respiration waveform where the amplitude of the waveform is ... However, accuracy issues arise when trying to assess accurate respiratory volumes from a single respiration band placed either ... This further limits quantification of many useful respiratory indices and limits utility to only respiration rates and other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_inductance_plethysmography

... a medical condition involving hyperventilating Cheyne-Stokes respiration, the breathing disorder Hypocapnia, a physiological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperventilating

... cervical sympathetic ganglia cervical vertebrae cervicothoracic ganglion cervix chaetae cheek chest Cheyne-Stokes respiration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_anatomy_articles

If any of these deviate from normal, this may indicate an underlying problem (such as with Cheyne-Stokes respiration) Chest ... such as artificial respiration. Rescuers are often warned against mistaking agonal breathing, which is a series of noisy gasps ... "A comparison of the mouth to mouth and mouth to airway methods of artificial respiration with chest pressure arm lift methods ... Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Artificial respiration Recovery position First aid Wright, Pearce (2003-08-13). "Obituary: Peter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_(medicine)

... may refer to: Central serous retinopathy, a visual impairment Cheyne-Stokes respiration, an abnormal respiration pattern ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSR

... cheyne-stokes respiration MeSH C23.888.852.293 - cough MeSH C23.888.852.371 - dyspnea MeSH C23.888.852.371.396 - dyspnea, ... adams-stokes syndrome MeSH C23.550.073.425.100 - bundle-branch block MeSH C23.550.073.425.780 - sinoatrial block MeSH C23.550. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C23)

... identified Cheyne-Stokes respiration, with William Stokes Colin Chisholm (1755-1825), surgeon, medical writer and Fellow of the ... pioneer of First aid John Cheyne (1777-1836), physician, and medical writer; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Scots

The Old Red Sandstone of Shetland (1877) Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (1892) Diseases of the Heart and Aorta (1898) Edinburgh: ... Medical Bibliography for 1877 Gibson, G.A. (14 October 2010) [1892]. Cheyn Stoke Respiration. Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1172128976. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Alexander_Gibson

... system and other chest symptoms 786.0 Dyspnea and respiratory abnormalities 786.03 Apnea 786.04 Cheyne-Stokes respiration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes_780–799:_symptoms,_signs,_and_ill-defined_conditions

... and respiratory abnormalities such as Cheyne-Stokes respiration (cyclic waxing and waning of tidal volume), apneustic ... respirations and post-hypercapnic apnea. Focal neurological deficits are less common. Wernicke encephalopathy can co-occur with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalopathy

... muscle weakness Myoclonus Decreased reflexes Ataxia Pathological reflexes Tremor Asterixis Cheyne-Stokes respiration Dysarthria ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_of_inappropriate_antidiuretic_hormone_secretion

"Cheyne-Stokes respiration", "Kaplan-Meier method"), and so on. In English, the en dash is usually used instead of a hyphen in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dash

Apnea Dyspnea Hyperpnea Tachypnea Hypopnea Bradypnea Orthopnea Platypnea Biot's respiration Cheyne-Stokes respiration Kussmaul ... Respiration rates may increase with fever, illness, or other medical conditions. Inaccuracies in respiratory measurement have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_rate

Cheyne-Stokes respiration". Sleep. 29 (8): 1045-51. PMID 16944673.. *^ "Learning To Play A Wind Instrument Could Lower Your ... blocking ports of airflow and hindering effective respiration.[13][14] There have been documented instances of severe airway ... Food and Drug Administration in 2014 granted pre-market approval for an upper airway stimulation system that senses respiration ... recurrent interruptions of respiration during sleep are associated with temporary airway obstruction. Following pharyngeal flap ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea

In common medical practice, Biot's respiration is often clinically equivalent to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, although the two ... Contribution a l'étude du phénomène respiratoire de Cheyne-Stokes. Lyon Med. 1876;23:517-528, 561-567. Wijdicks EF (May 2007 ... Biot's respiration is caused by damage to the pons due to strokes or trauma or by pressure on the pons due to uncal or ... Biot's respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of regular deep inspirations followed by regular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biot's_respiration

He was one of the people to identify Cheyne-Stokes respiration. He was born in Leith, the son of Dr John Cheyne, a surgeon. The ... Pearce, J M S (May 2002). "Cheyne-Stokes respiration". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 72 (5): 595. doi:10.1136/jnnp.72.5.595 ... Sternbach, G L (1985). "John Cheyne and William Stokes: periodic respiration". The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 3 (3): 233-6 ... Cheyne and Stokes?". Nursing Times. 91 (14): 40. PMID 7731827. Lyons, J B (March 1995). "John Cheyne's classic monographs". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cheyne_(physician)

"Cheynes-Stokes Respiration". WebMD LLC. Retrieved 2010-10-05. "Cheyne-Stokes respiration". WrongDiagnosis.com. Health Grades ... Cheyne-Stokes respirations are not the same as Biot's respirations ("cluster breathing"), in which groups of breaths tend to be ... Thus Cheyne-Stokes respiration can be maintained over periods of many minutes or hours with a repetitive pattern of apneas and ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration and periodic breathing are the two regions on a spectrum of severity of oscillatory tidal volume. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyne–Stokes_respiration

... external respiration and internal respiration Cheyne-Stokes respiration, an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by ... Anaerobic respiration, cellular respiration in the absence of oxygen. Three common anaerobic respirations include alcohol ... Respiration may refer to: Cellular respiration, the process in which nutrients are converted into useful energy in a cell while ... Maintenance respiration, the amount of cellular respiration required for an organism to maintain itself in a constant state ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiration

... descended from the surgeon and bacteriologist Sir William Cheyne (1852-1932) Cheyne Walk Cheyne-Stokes respiration, a medical ... John Cheyne, Baron Cheyne (c1445-1499), English courtier and hostage after the Treaty of Picquigny (1475) John Cheyne ( ... William Cheyne (footballer) (1912-1988), also known as Andy Cheyne, Scottish footballer (Rangers) Given name: Cheyne Coates, ... 13thc.), Lord Chamberlain of Scotland Thomas Cheney (Cheyne) (c1485-1558), Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports Thomas Kelly Cheyne ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyne

... external respiration and internal respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration, an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by ... Anaerobic respiration, cellular respiration without oxygen. *Maintenance respiration, the amount of cellular respiration ... Aquatic respiration, animals extracting oxygen from water. *Artificial respiration, the act of simulating respiration, which ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Respiration. If an internal link led you here, you may wish ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiration

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_nose

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ... Thus, the hiccup is evolutionarily antecedent to modern lung respiration. Additionally, this group (C. Straus et al.) points ... and Japan proposed that the hiccup is an evolutionary remnant of earlier amphibian respiration.[12] Amphibians such as tadpoles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiccup

切恩-斯托克斯氏呼吸（英语：Cheyne-Stokes respiration） ... The capture of oxygen: Respiration. Biology 8th. McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math;. 2007. ISBN 0-07-322739-0.. ... 瀕死呼吸（英语：Agonal respiration）. * ...

https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/呼吸

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ... it is able to compare it to the current level of respiration as determined by the efferent signals. If the level of respiration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyspnea

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_(medicine)

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenoid_hypertrophy

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ... It can occur with or without an increase in respiration rate. It is characterized by deep breathing.[1][2] It may be ... Hyperpnea (forced respiration) is increased volume of air during breathing. ... which involves an increase in volume and respiration rate, resulting in rapid and deep breaths. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpnea

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/ഫലകം:Respiratory_system_symptoms_and_signs

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ... Stridor heard solely in the expiratory phase of respiration usually indicates a lower respiratory tract obstruction, "as with ... Bronchiolar disease usually causes wheezing that occurs in the expiratory phase of respiration. As a rule, extrathoracic airway ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheeze

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ... Acute cyanosis can be as a result of asphyxiation or choking, and is one of the definite signs that respiration is being ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanosis

Biot's respiration（英语：Biot's respiration）. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration（英语：Cheyne-Stokes respiration） ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/呼吸急促

Agonal respiration. *Biot's respiration. *Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Kussmaul breathing. *Ataxic respiration. Other. * ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/ഇക്കിൾ

with John Scott Haldane: Douglas CG, Haldane JS (1909). "The causes of periodic or Cheyne-Stokes breathing". The Journal of ... From 1908 to 1914, Douglas did research with John Scott Haldane on human respiration. In 1910 Nathan Zuntz organised a high- ... After 1920 the work of Douglas and his research students dealt mainly with the effects of exercise on respiration, metabolism, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Gordon_Douglas

Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Bronchospasm Emesis Lacrimation Loss of muscle strength Salivation/sweating Cheyne-Stokes ... respiration (used to assess newborn babies) ASHICE - age, sex, history, injuries/illness, condition, ETA/extra information FAST ... Thirst Vomitting Sweating Pulse weak Anxious Respirations shallow/rapid Cool Cyanotic Unconscious BP low Eyes blank RN CHAMPS ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_mnemonics

"Cheynes-Stokes Respiration". WebMD LLC. Retrieved 2010-10-05. "Cheyne-Stokes respiration". WrongDiagnosis.com. Health Grades ... Cheyne-Stokes respirations are not the same as Biots respirations ("cluster breathing"), in which groups of breaths tend to be ... Thus Cheyne-Stokes respiration can be maintained over periods of many minutes or hours with a repetitive pattern of apneas and ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration and periodic breathing are the two regions on a spectrum of severity of oscillatory tidal volume. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyne%E2%80%93Stokes_respiration

Cheyne-Stoke respiration is believed to be more common during sleep. It is serious and often develops in people who have heart ... This MNT Knowledge Center article looks at an abnormal breathing pattern called Cheyne-Stoke respiration, including its ... Who is at risk of Cheyne-Stokes respiration?. Cheyne-Stokes respiration can occur in people with neurological conditions, or ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration, also known as periodic respiration, is an abnormal pattern of breathing. It consists of cycles of ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317313.php?iacp

Cheyne-Stokes respiration answers are found in the Diagnosaurus powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, ... respiration. Accessed April 21, 2021.. Zeiger, R. F. (2015). Cheyne-Stokes respiration. In Diagnosaurus (4th edition). McGraw- ... respiration. Zeiger RFR. Cheyne-Stokes Respiration [Internet]. In: Diagnosaurus. McGraw-Hill Education; 2015. [cited 2021 April ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a topic covered in the Diagnosaurus. To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/Diagnosaurus/114604/all/Cheyne_Stokes_respiration

... cyclic breathing marked by a gradual increase in the rapidity of respiration followed by a gradual decrease and total cessation ... Share Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Post the Definition of Cheyne-Stokes respiration to Facebook Share the Definition of Cheyne- ... Resources for Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Time Traveler: Explore other words from the year Cheyne-Stokes respiration first ... Comments on Cheyne-Stokes respiration. What made you want to look up Cheyne-Stokes respiration? Please tell us where you read ...

https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/Cheyne-Stokes%20respiration

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration - A pattern of breathing with varying depth of respiration and brief periods of apnea, is clearly ... Medical Word - Cheyne-Stokes Respiration. Ans : A pattern of breathing with varying depth of respiration and brief periods of ... Cheyne-Stokes Respiration - Glossary. Written & Compiled by Medindia Content Team. Medically Reviewed by The Medindia Medical ...

https://www.medindia.net/glossary/cheyne-stokes_respiration.htm

Cheyne-Stokes respiration syndrome synonyms, Cheyne-Stokes respiration syndrome pronunciation, Cheyne-Stokes respiration ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration syndrome. Translations. English: Cheyne-Stokes respiration syndrome n. síndrome de respiración de ... English dictionary definition of Cheyne-Stokes respiration syndrome. ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration syndrome. Translations. Cheyne-Stokes respiration syndrome n. síndrome de respiración de Cheyne- ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Cheyne-Stokes+respiration+syndrome

... and to determine its relation to the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep. SUBJECTS: 104 heart failure patients ... Cheyne-Stokes Respiration / complications*. Cognition Disorders / diagnosis*, etiology*. Echocardiography. Heart Failure / ... METHODS: Overnight oximetry was used (previously validated as a screening tool for Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure ... Vigilance was impaired in heart failure but this did not appear to be related to the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Cognitive-impairment-in-heart-failure/11119454.html

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is usually defined as crescendo-decrescendo periodic respiration with a central apnoea index of ⩾ 10/ ... DIAGNOSIS OF CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION. All subjects underwent overnight oximetry in their own homes using the Ohmeda Biox 3700 ... The effect of Cheyne-Stokes respiration on cognitive function in heart failure has not previously been investigated. We were ... We reasoned that Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep might lead to cognitive dysfunction as a result of either apnoea ...

http://heart.bmj.com/content/85/1/18

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration. Heart Diseases. Cardiovascular Diseases. Respiration Disorders. Respiratory Tract Diseases. Signs ... Cardiovascular Responses in Congestive Heart Failure With Cheyne- Stokes Respiration. The safety and scientific validity of ... Cardiovascular Response to Peripheral Chemoreceptor Stimulation in Congestive Heart Failure With Cheyne- Stokes Respiration. ... is to investigate the cardiovascular response to peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation in Congestive Heart Failure with Cheyne- ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00495196

Cheyne-Stokes respiration: friend or foe? in his recent opinion in Thorax.1 Central sleep apnoea with Cheyne-Stokes ... Doppler evaluation of changing cardiac dynamics during Cheyne-Stokes Respiration. BMJ 1989;95:525-9. ... Polygraphic recordings showing Central sleep apnoea with Cheyne-Stokes respiration in a heart failure (HF) patient (A) and ... respiration (CSA-CSR) indeed has multiple features more likely to be compensatory than injurious in heart failure (HF). His ...

https://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2012/10/31/thoraxjnl-2012-202725?versioned=true

1. Cheyne-Stokes respiration (n.). abnormal respiration in which periods of shallow and deep breathing alternate ... 6. respiration (n.). the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and ... 2. Stokes-Adams syndrome (n.). recurrent sudden attacks of unconsciousness caused by impaired conduction of the impulse that ... 3. stokes aster (n.). erect perennial of southeastern United States having large heads of usually blue flowers ...

http://www.synonym.com/synonyms/cheyne-stokes-respiration

... derived terms and more about the word cheyne-stokes respiration. ... Meaning of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in English. Table of ... Definition of cheyne-stokes respiration, with etymology, pronunciation (phonetic and audio), synonyms, antonyms, ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Definitions. 1. abnormal respiration in which periods of shallow and deep breathing alternate ... How to pronounce cheyne-stokes respiration in American English, in context ▾. Use the controls below to browse different ...

https://www.englishlearner.com/dictionary/cheyne-stokes_respiration

Theophylline Therapy for Near-Fatal Cheyne-Stokes Respiration: A Case Report Theophylline Therapy for Near-Fatal Cheyne-Stokes ... Theophylline Therapy for Near-Fatal Cheyne-Stokes Respiration Don D. Sin, MD, MPH; T. Douglas Bradley, MD ... However, we believe that the use of the term "Cheyne-Stokes respiration" to describe their patients respiratory disorder was ... As the authors note, Cheyne-Stokes respiration is characterized by periodic breathing in which apneas or hypopneas alternate ...

https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/713077/theophylline-therapy-near-fatal-cheyne-stokes-respiration

Theophylline Therapy for Near-Fatal Cheyne-Stokes Respiration: A Case Report Theophylline Therapy for Near-Fatal Cheyne-Stokes ... Somers VK, Pesek C. Theophylline Therapy for Near-Fatal Cheyne-Stokes Respiration. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:714. doi: 10.7326/ ... Theophylline Therapy for Near-Fatal Cheyne-Stokes Respiration Virend K. Somers, MD, PhD; Catherine Pesek, DO ... and Bradley and Geigel and Chediak point out that the respiratory tracings do not represent classic Cheyne-Stokes respiration ( ...

https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/713079/theophylline-therapy-near-fatal-cheyne-stokes-respiration

Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with heart failure: ominous sign or innocent bystander?. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4414/smw ...

https://smw.ch/article/doi/smw.2007.11675

Treatment of congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep by continuous positive airway pressure. Am J ... Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure and Cheyne-Stokes Respiration With Central Sleep ... Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure and Cheyne-Stokes Respiration With Central Sleep ... Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure and Cheyne-Stokes Respiration With Central Sleep ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/103/23/e121

Looking for abbreviations of CSR? It is Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Cheyne-Stokes respiration listed as CSR ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration - How is Cheyne-Stokes respiration abbreviated? https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/Cheyne-Stokes+ ... redirected from Cheyne-Stokes respiration). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. ... Finally, in a recent study, we aimed to evaluate acute effects of adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) on Cheyne-Stokes respiration ...

https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/Cheyne-Stokes+respiration

... Midgren, Bengt ... Conclusions: Cheyne-Stokes respiration was not associated with health-related quality of life, daytime sleepiness or nocturnal ... Background and aims: The effects of central sleep apnea in Cheyne-Stokes respiration on sleep-related symptoms and quality of ... We aimed to investigate whether Cheyne-Stokes respiration is related to health-related quality of life. We also studied the ...

http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:409778

ASV treatment in HF patients with Cheyne-Stokes respirations leads to an increase in SV likely mediated by a decrease in ... 12 patients with HF (12 male; 70 ± 9 years; NYHA ≥ II; EF ≤ 45% and Cheyne- Stokes respiration) and 14 healthy volunteers (13 ... Adaptive servoventiation therapy (ASV) is designed to treat hypocapnic central sleep apnoea (Cheyne-Stokes respiration) in ... therapy on autonomic function and baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in heart failure patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration ...

http://erj.ersjournals.com/content/44/Suppl_58/P1537

INTRODUCTION: Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and central sleep apnea (CSA) are common in patients with heart failure and/or ... Cerebral hemodynamic effects of Cheyne-Stokes respiration Accepted Version.pdf. Post-review (final submitted author manuscript) ... Cerebral Hemodynamic Effects of Cheyne-Stokes Respiration in a Patient with Stroke. ...

https://lra.le.ac.uk/handle/2381/40323

Cheyne Stokes Respirations. Introduction. Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a type of breathing disorder characterized by cyclical ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration is believed to be a result of heart failure. The presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration is believed to be a result of heart failure. The presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients ... and increased plasma catecholamines compared to patients without Cheyne-Stokes respiration.. Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a ...

https://statpearls.com/kb/viewarticle/19395/

... leading to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, and not vice versa.. Elevated Ve/Vco2slopes (19)and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (2)are ... Based on our findings, the improvement of CSA with Cheyne-Stokes respiration could be used as a helpful tool to evaluate the ... 1998) The development of hyperventilation in patients with chronic heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Chest 114:1083- ... Of these, 14 showed evidence of CSA and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. All patients presented with heart failure of New York Heart ...

http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/44/1/68

Treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration-central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure.. Momomura S., J Cardiol 59(2), 2012 ... Adaptive servoventilation in diastolic heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. Bitter T, Westerheide N, Faber L, Hering D ... Predictors of oxidative stress in heart failure patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration.. Krieger AC, Green D, Cruz MT, ... A high prevalence of nocturnal Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) has been documented in patients with heart failure with normal ...

https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/publication/1794009

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR) and CSA associated with CHF: In comparison with the other types of CSA, when associated with ... "Cheyne-Stokes respiration in stroke: relationship to hypocapnia and occult cardiac dysfunction". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. vol ... Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR): CSR is a breathing pattern characterized by cycles of crescendo-decrescendo changes in tidal ... "Increased mortality associated with Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with congestive heart failure". Am J Respir Crit Care ...

https://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/pulmonary-medicine/central-sleep-apnea-syndrome-idiopathic-csa-cheyne-stokes-respiration-csa-due-to-a-drug-or-substance-high-altitude-periodic-breathing-csa-due-to-a-medical-condition-other-than-cheyne-stokes/article/625218/

Cheyne-Stokes respiration answers are found in the Tabers Medical Dictionary powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone ... respiration. Cheyne-Stokes respiration. In: Venes D, ed. Tabers Medical Dictionary. 23rd ed. F.A. Davis Company; 2017. https ... respiration. Cheyne-Stokes Respiration [Internet]. In: Venes D, editors. Tabers Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company; 2017 ... respiration. Accessed January 20, 2020.. Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (2017). In Venes, D. (Ed.), Tabers Medical Dictionary. ...

https://nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/767599/all/Cheyne_Stokes_respiration

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is not related to quality of life or sleepiness in heart failure. Forskningsoutput: Tidskriftsbidrag ... Please cite this paper as: Midgren B, Mared L, Franklin KA, Berg S, Erhardt L and Cline C. Cheyne-Stokes respiration is not ... Conclusions: Cheyne-Stokes respiration was not associated with health-related quality of life, daytime sleepiness or nocturnal ... Background and aims: The effects of central sleep apnea in Cheyne-Stokes respiration on sleep-related symptoms and quality of ...

https://portal.research.lu.se/portal/sv/publications/cheynestokes-respiration-is-not-related-to-quality-of-life-or-sleepiness-in-heart-failure

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration] [Reprinted: Cardiac Classics. 1941;1:317-320]. *Stokes W. Fatty degeneration of the heart. In: The ... 1953 - On March 4th 1953, the Soviet press announced that Joseph Stalin was ill and had Cheyne-Stokes respiration. The ... Cheyne J. A case of apoplexy in which the fleshy part of the heart was converted into fat. Dublin Hospital Reports. 1818;2:216- ... Cheyne-Stokes respiration. *Dr Sam Khor. *. Jun 27, 2019. Home. LITFL. Eponymictionary Description. Cheyne-Stokes respiration ...

https://litfl.com/cheyne-stokes-respiration-eponymictionary/

Keywords: Heart failure; Arrhythmias; Cheyne-Stokes respiration; Sleep disordered breathing; Ventricular tachycardias ...

http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq327

... , English Chinese dictionary, English Chinese translation, with pronunciation, ...

http://www.chinaorb.com/index-ec.php?s_word=cheyne+stokes+respiration

Clinical Pearl is a Continuous professional development platform with a precise and concise point of care clinical knowledge search engine and 360-degree learning cycle management platform for all healthcare professionals and organizations ...

https://clinicalpearl.com/Diseases/cheyne-stokes-respiration/

Circulation time is increased in people with congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration can occur in people with neurological conditions, or congestive heart failure. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Some research estimates that 50 percent of all people who have moderate to severe congestive heart failure also have significant Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The article by Sin et al 1 on the effect and outcome of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) who have Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA) is one more step toward further defining the role of treatment for sleep-disordered breathing in CHF. (ahajournals.org)
However, we are presently conducting a long-term, multicenter, randomized trial of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnea (CSR-CSA), the Canadian Positive Airway Pressure for Heart Failure (CANPAP) trial, with cardiac transplant-free survival as the primary outcome. (ahajournals.org)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration was not associated with health-related quality of life, daytime sleepiness or nocturnal dyspnea among patients stabilized following treatment for congestive heart failure. (diva-portal.org)
Cheyne-Stokes breathing is fairly common among people with congestive heart failure and is considered a poor prognostic sign, That said, some people with Cheyne-Stokes breathing secondary to heart failure go on to live for a long period of time. (verywellhealth.com)
Treatment of congestive heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep by continuous positive airway pressure. (freethesaurus.com)
First experience of using new adaptive servoventilation device for Cheyne-Stokes respiration with central sleep apnoea among Japanese patients with congestive heart failure: report of 4 clinical cases. (freethesaurus.com)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), which often occurs in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), may be a predictor for poor outcome. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), a condition characterized by a cyclic pattern of waxing and waning ventilation interposed by central apneas or hypopneas , may affect up to 40% of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) . (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Nevertheless, several investigators have reported that CSR might be an independent prognostic index of poor outcome in patients with CHF, so that Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), which often occurs in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), may be a predictor for poor outcome. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Although described in the early 19th century by John Cheyne and William Stokes, this disorder has received considerable attention in the last decade due to its association with heart failure and stroke, two major cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. (statpearls.com)
Cheyne-Stokes or Hunter-Cheyne-Stokes breathing was first defined in the 1800s by 2 physicians: Dr. John Cheyne and Dr. William Stokes. (verywellhealth.com)
The display shows on the left a portrait of John Cheyne and on the right is a portrait of William Stokes with a sample trace of Cheyne-Stokes respiration between them. (blogspot.com)
William Stokes (1804 -1878) is regarded as one of the greatest teachers of clinical medicine. (blogspot.com)
The condition was named after John Cheyne and William Stokes, the physicians who first classified it. (fandom.com)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration and periodic breathing are the two regions on a spectrum of severity of oscillatory tidal volume. (wikipedia.org)
The distinction lies in what is observed at the trough of ventilation: Cheyne-Stokes respiration involves apnea (since apnea is a prominent feature in their original description) while periodic breathing involves hypopnea (abnormally small but not absent breaths). (wikipedia.org)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration, also known as periodic respiration, is an abnormal pattern of breathing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
As the authors note, Cheyne-Stokes respiration is characterized by periodic breathing in which apneas or hypopneas alternate with hyperventilation, occurring in a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of tidal volume (1). (annals.org)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a specific form of periodic breathing (waxing and waning amplitude of flow or tidal volume) characterized by a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of respiration between central apneas or central hypopneas. (statpearls.com)
Aim: To analyze the relationship between daytime respiratory and cardiac function in patients with compensated chronic heart failure (CHF) with and without periodic breathing (PB) or Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). (elsevier.com)
Using the HRV signal, we aimed to obtain parameters for classifying patients with and without chronic heart failure (CHF), and with periodic breathing (PB), non-periodic breathing (nPB), and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) patterns. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Elderly patients often have altered breathing patterns, such as periodic breathing (PB) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), which may coincide with chronic heart failure. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
High altitude periodic breathing (PB) shares some common pathophysiologic aspects with sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration and PB in heart failure patients. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is commonly used as a synonym for periodic breathing, but some authors distinguish between the two. (bmj.com)

OBJECTIVES: To document the degree of cognitive impairment in stable heart failure, and to determine its relation to the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep. (biomedsearch.com)
Cognitive impairment within the heart failure group was unrelated to either the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration, the degree of left ventricular dysfunction, or indices of nocturnal oxygenation. (biomedsearch.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Vigilance was impaired in heart failure but this did not appear to be related to the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep. (biomedsearch.com)
5 We hypothesised that the degree of daytime cognitive impairment would be related to the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep. (bmj.com)
We also investigated the relation between cognitive impairment and indices of nocturnal oxygen desaturation, left ventricular function, and the presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (bmj.com)
The presence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with heart failure also predicts worse outcomes and increases the risk of sudden cardiac death. (statpearls.com)

As those with Cheyne-Stokes respiration hyperventilate, their total carbon dioxide stores are likely to be reduced, which interferes with the carbon dioxide buffering capacity of the body. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In cellular respiration the blood cells release oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide. (thefreedictionary.com)
Respiration in which an organism, such as a one-celled ameba, secures its oxygen and gives up carbon dioxide directly to the surrounding medium. (tabers.com)

ASV treatment in HF patients with Cheyne-Stokes respirations leads to an increase in SV likely mediated by a decrease in cardiac afterload due to an increased vagal activity. (ersjournals.com)
In patients with heart failure, male gender, older age, sedentary lifestyle, diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, increased ventricular filling pressure and more advanced cardiac remodeling are known to predispose to Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (statpearls.com)
The system's monitoring technology and signal analysis software are so advanced that it can automatically detect and classify apneas or hypopneas, Cheyne-Stokes respiration , sighs, and coughs, and correlate these with cardiac or other parameters -- all outside of the laboratory or clinical setting. (freethesaurus.com)
All values represent the average of two to five consecutive cardiac cycles for each phase of respiration. (xhbv.com)

1 Central sleep apnoea with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSA-CSR) indeed has multiple features more likely to be compensatory than injurious in heart failure (HF). (bmj.com)

Patients with heart failure (HF) often present with central sleep apnea syndrome (CSA) and Cheyne-Stokes respiration, which is associated with increased mortality (1,2) . (onlinejacc.org)
In a lot of these patients it is neither a purely obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome nor a complete Cheyne-Stokes-respiration but a combination of both sleep related respiratory disturbances. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The goal of the study was to compare this new therapeutic option (SOMNOvent CR) with the established method of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in patients with combination of obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome and Cheyne-Stokes-respiration with underlying heart disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)

However, we believe that the use of the term "Cheyne-Stokes respiration" to describe their patient's respiratory disorder was not consistent with the known pathophysiology and clinical description of this term. (annals.org)
Sin and Bradley and Geigel and Chediak point out that the respiratory tracings do not represent classic Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR). (annals.org)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration is initiated and maintained due to change in the apnea threshold and the fluctuating PCO2 levels around this threshold in patients with heart failure or stroke who are at risk of unstable central respiratory control. (statpearls.com)
Adaptive servoventilation in diastolic heart failure and Cheyne-Stokes respiration", EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL , vol. 36, 2010, pp. 385-392. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Previous studies showed an improvement of the central respiratory disorder, for example Cheyne-Stokes-respiration, under continuous positive pressure breathing (CPAP) and an improvement of the left ventricular pump function. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Respiration in which respiratory sounds are suppressed or absent. (tabers.com)
Cheyne-stokes respiration is an abnormal breathing pattern where the patient has very deep breathing (sometimes with increased respiratory rate) that gradually slows down until the patient stops breathing, and the cycle repeats (usually over a 30-120 second cycle). (healthtap.com)
Idiopathic Cheyne-Stokes respiration in acute respiratory acidosis. (nih.gov)
According to the clinical criteria, the patients were classified into the follow groups: 19 patients with nPB pattern, 7 with PB pattern, 4 with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR), and 6 non-classified patients (problems with respiratory signal). (ibecbarcelona.eu)
A diaphragm pacing stimulatory method and a system to implement the method are provided to improve respiratory function and the quality of sleep in patients whose sleep is compromised by poor respiration. (google.es)

2. Stokes-Adams syndrome (n. (synonym.com)
Three patients with Down's syndrome demonstrated severe sleep-induced ventilatory failure characterized by Cheyne-Stokes respiration with superimposed obstruction of the upper airway. (biomedsearch.com)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a sample topic from the Taber's Medical Dictionary . (unboundmedicine.com)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration should be differentiated from other central sleep apneas like idiopathic central sleep apnea where in there is no waxing and the waning pattern of ventilation. (statpearls.com)
The ventilation length in patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration is more than 40 seconds compared to less than 40 seconds in central sleep apnea. (statpearls.com)
Adaptive pressure support servo-ventilation: a novel treatment for Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure. (freethesaurus.com)
Finally, in a recent study, we aimed to evaluate acute effects of adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) on Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and neurohormones in the patients with HE and showed that one night ASV treatment improves CSR, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, and oxygen saturation and provides significant reductions in plasma catecholamines and NT-proBNP levels in the patients with HF and CSR (6). (freethesaurus.com)
Earlier studies proved the adaptive servo ventilation to be an effective therapy for patients with central sleep-apnea and Cheyne-Stokes-respiration respectively. (clinicaltrials.gov)
With the SOMNOvent CR a new therapy-algorithm has been developed for the adaptive servo ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and Cheyne-Stokes-respiration with underlying heart disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)

The pathophysiology of Cheyne-Stokes breathing can be summarized as apnea leading to increased CO2 which causes excessive compensatory hyperventilation, in turn causing decreased CO2 which causes apnea, restarting the cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration is a type of breathing disorder characterized by cyclical episodes of apnea and hyperventilation. (statpearls.com)
Also, the relative duration of hyperventilation is more than apnea duration in Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (statpearls.com)
A breathing pattern marked by a period of apnea lasting 10 to 60 sec, followed by gradually increasing depth and frequency of respirations (hyperventilation). (unboundmedicine.com)

Thus Cheyne-Stokes respiration can be maintained over periods of many minutes or hours with a repetitive pattern of apneas and hyperpneas. (wikipedia.org)
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR): CSR is a breathing pattern characterized by cycles of crescendo-decrescendo changes in tidal volume followed by central sleep apneas. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)

The effects of central sleep apnea in Cheyne-Stokes respiration on sleep-related symptoms and quality of life are not very well established. (diva-portal.org)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is commonly linked to heart failure or stroke. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Cognitive impairment in heart failure with Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (biomedsearch.com)
METHODS: Overnight oximetry was used (previously validated as a screening tool for Cheyne-Stokes respiration in heart failure). (biomedsearch.com)
In an earlier study we showed that Cheyne-Stokes respiration was seen in 21% of patients with compensated heart failure, and that these episodes of disordered breathing were associated with blood oxygen desaturation and fragmentation of normal sleep architecture. (bmj.com)
Is Cheyne-Stokes respiration friend or foe of heart failure? (bmj.com)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration in patients with heart failure: ominous sign or innocent bystander? (smw.ch)
Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure patients with and without Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (ahajournals.org)
INTRODUCTION: Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) and central sleep apnea (CSA) are common in patients with heart failure and/or stroke. (le.ac.uk)
Unlike obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) which can be the cause of heart failure, Cheyne-Stokes respiration is believed to be a result of heart failure. (statpearls.com)
Cheyne-Stokes respiration is well-studied in patients with heart failure and stroke. (statpearls.com)
This means that out of nearly 5.7 million patients of heart failure, two to three million patients are expected to have Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (statpearls.com)
The incidence is reported to be more in patients with systolic heart failure compared to diastolic heart failure, and Cheyne-Stokes respiration is also more common in elderly patients. (statpearls.com)
A high prevalence of nocturnal Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) has been documented in patients with heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (HFNEF). (uni-bielefeld.de)
Treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration-central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Please cite this paper as: Midgren B, Mared L, Franklin KA, Berg S, Erhardt L and Cline C. Cheyne-Stokes respiration is not related to quality of life or sleepiness in heart failure. (lu.se)
Cheyne J. A case of apoplexy in which the fleshy part of the heart was converted into fat . (litfl.com)
Stokes W. Fatty degeneration of the heart . (litfl.com)
In patients with underlying heart diseases like hypertensive heart disease, coronary heart disease or dilative cardiomyopathy obstructive sleep-apnea, central sleep-apnea and Cheyne-Stokes-respiration are common finding in polysomnography. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In patients with stable severe heart failure, Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) has been described in 30 to 50% of patients. (sleepscience.org.br)
Could 600 mg temazepam overdose stop the heart and respiration? (healthtap.com)
Weak heart and respiration. (homeoint.org)

Perhaps because of his renown in the medical world, Stokes' name has become inextricably linked to John Cheyne in the definition of Cheyne-Stokes Respiration. (blogspot.com)
With Reverso you can find the English translation, definition or synonym for harsh respiration and thousands of other words. (reverso.net)

The proposed mechanism behind this was either nocturnal hypoxaemia from apnoeas, or repeated arousal from sleep during the hyperpnoeic phase of Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (bmj.com)
Typical breathing pattern with Cheyne-Stokes respiration with hyperpnoeic and apnoeic sequences in sleep stage 2. (bmj.com)

A pattern of breathing with varying depth of respiration and brief periods of apnea. (medindia.net)
Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all. (studystack.com)

13-16 Sleep-disordered breathing at altitude and Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) in particular add to the hypoxic burden. (wiley.com)

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. (wikipedia.org)

However, this pattern of respiration was not apparent in the figures that were presented. (annals.org)

While Cheyne-Stokes respiration usually occurs during slee, it may also happen during waking hours. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Though Cheyne Stokes breathing may appear erratic, it often occurs in cycles lasting between 30 seconds and two minutes. (verywellhealth.com)

Marais OAS, McMichael J (1937) Theophylline-ethylenediamine in Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (springer.com)

The true prevalence of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in the general population is not known and is considered to be rare. (statpearls.com)

called also cell respiration . (thefreedictionary.com)

It consists of cycles of breathing, which become increasingly deeper, followed by periods where respiration becomes gradually shallower. (medicalnewstoday.com)
During Cheyne-Stokes, breathing can be very deep and rapid (hyperpnea), followed by periods of slow shallow breaths, or interrupted by episodes of apnea, in which an individual stops breathing altogether for a period of time. (verywellhealth.com)
Cheyne-Stokes Respiration (CSR) is an abnormal type of breathing characterized by alternating periods of shallow and deep breathing. (fandom.com)
Although the changes in the flow velocity profiles could be monitored throughout both phases of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in some patients, most patients exhibited sufficient mediastinal movement during hyperpnea to preclude continuous, accurate recordings, and thus, the periods of end-hyperpnea and end-apnea were chosen for statistical analysis. (xhbv.com)

Nursing Central , nursing.unboundmedicine.com/nursingcentral/view/Tabers-Dictionary/767599/all/Cheyne_Stokes_respiration. (unboundmedicine.com)
My observation is that CSR is a very persistent pattern and has a very characteristic pattern that is a very gradual waxing and waning of respiration, punctuated with a central apnea. (apneaboard.com)
The exact underlying pathomechanism of central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSA-CSR) is still unclear. (nih.gov)

Cheyne-Stokes breathing is commonly seen when people are in the dying process from any illness including cancer. (verywellhealth.com)

John Cheyne was born in Leith in 1777, the son of a general practitioner. (blogspot.com)
Cheyne worked as an army surgeon, then at the Ordnance Hospital at Leith Fort. (blogspot.com)
He was born in Leith, the son of Dr John Cheyne, a surgeon. (wikipedia.org)

Cheyne wrote a number of books, including Essays of Diseases of Children in 1801. (wikipedia.org)

Twenty-eight years after Cheyne's work, Stokes recorded another example of the respiration phenomenon for publication in the 'Dublin Hospital Reports' and quoted Cheyne, although he apparently added no new details. (blogspot.com)

Respiration in which the chest cavity expands by raising the ribs. (tabers.com)

Cheyne-stokes respirations are a pattern of breathing which is very irregular, and not surprisingly, is sometimes referred to as 'agonal breathing. (verywellhealth.com)
Breathing patterns are graded, because Cheyne-Stokes respiration and irregular breathing can represent bihemispheric or lower brainstem dysfunction. (freethesaurus.com)

5minute , www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/Diagnosaurus/114604/all/Cheyne_Stokes_respiration. (unboundmedicine.com)

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Prognostic value of nocturnal Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure. (1/97)

High prevalence and persistence of sleep apnoea in patients referred for acute left ventricular failure and medically treated over 2 months. (2/97)

Second by second patterns in cortical electroencephalograph and systolic blood pressure during Cheyne-Stokes. (3/97)

Oscillatory breathing patterns during wakefulness in patients with chronic heart failure: clinical implications and role of augmented peripheral chemosensitivity. (4/97)

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure patients with and without Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (5/97)

Quantitative general theory for periodic breathing in chronic heart failure and its clinical implications. (6/97)

Cognitive impairment in heart failure with Cheyne-Stokes respiration. (7/97)

Characterisation of breathing and associated central autonomic dysfunction in the Rett disorder. (8/97)

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