Chemotherapy adjuvant. Medical search

Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

Preliminary cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone/endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, etc.) that precedes a necessary second modality of treatment.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

Agents that aid or increase the action of the principle drug (DRUG SYNERGISM) or that affect the absorption, mechanism of action, metabolism, or excretion of the primary drug (PHARMACOKINETICS) in such a way as to enhance its effects.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.

An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.

An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity.

Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)

A group of diterpenoid CYCLODECANES named for the taxanes that were discovered in the TAXUS tree. The action on MICROTUBULES has made some of them useful as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.

Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Initial drug treatment designed to bring about REMISSION INDUCTION. It is typically a short-term and high-dose drug treatment that is followed by CONSOLIDATION CHEMOTHERAPY and then MAINTENANCE CHEMOTHERAPY.

Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.

Organic compounds which contain platinum as an integral part of the molecule.

Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.

Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2026)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.

One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.

Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.

A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

A therapeutic approach, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, after initial regimens have failed to lead to improvement in a patient's condition. Salvage therapy is most often used for neoplastic diseases.

Neoplasm drug therapy involving an extracorporeal circuit with temporary exclusion of the tumor-bearing area from the general circulation during which high concentrations of the drug are perfused to the isolated part.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.

Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.

Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)

A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)

The use of IONIZING RADIATION to treat malignant NEOPLASMS and some benign conditions.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.

A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)

The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.

Transplantation of an individual's own tissue from one site to another site.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.

Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.

An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.

Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms.

Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.

A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.

Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.

An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.

Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.

A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity.

The total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy.

Inorganic compounds which contain platinum as the central atom.

Surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts.

Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Regional infusion of drugs via an arterial catheter. Often a pump is used to impel the drug through the catheter. Used in therapy of cancer, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, infection, and peripheral vascular disease.

An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.

A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

The use of DRUGS to treat a DISEASE or its symptoms. One example is the use of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to treat CANCER.

A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.

Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.

Care alleviating symptoms without curing the underlying disease. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING.

An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.

Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.

Works about comparative studies to verify the effectiveness of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques determined in phase II studies. During these trials, patients are monitored closely by physicians to identify any adverse reactions from long-term use. These studies are performed on groups of patients large enough to identify clinically significant responses and usually last about three years. This concept includes phase III studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.

A malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the GONADS; MEDIASTINUM; or pineal region. Germinomas are uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm. (Stedman, 265th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1642-3)

Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain multiple rings and share one or more atoms.

The application of probability and statistical methods to calculate the risk of occurrence of any event, such as onset of illness, recurrent disease, hospitalization, disability, or death. It may include calculation of the anticipated money costs of such events and of the premiums necessary to provide for payment of such costs.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of neoplasms.

Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Antagonist of urate oxidase.

Abnormally high temperature intentionally induced in living things regionally or whole body. It is most often induced by radiation (heat waves, infra-red), ultrasound, or drugs.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.

Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.

Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.

Remnant of a tumor or cancer after primary, potentially curative therapy. (Dr. Daniel Masys, written communication)

A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.

A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Surgical excision of one or more lymph nodes. Its most common use is in cancer surgery. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p966)

Treatment that combines chemotherapy with radiotherapy.

The exposure of the head to roentgen rays or other forms of radioactivity for therapeutic or preventive purposes.

Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".

Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Treatment designed to help prevent a relapse of a disease following the successful primary treatments (INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY and CONSOLIDATION CHEMOTHERAPY) with a long-term low-dose drug therapy.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.

Clinical protocols used to inhibit the growth or spread of NEOPLASMS.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.

Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.

Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats.

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.

Removal of only enough breast tissue to ensure that the margins of the resected surgical specimen are free of tumor.

Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.

Excision of the whole (total gastrectomy) or part (subtotal gastrectomy, partial gastrectomy, gastric resection) of the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.

Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.

An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Used for excision of the urinary bladder.

Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.

Works about studies that are usually controlled to assess the effectiveness and dosage (if appropriate) of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques. These studies are performed on several hundred volunteers, including a limited number of patients with the target disease or disorder, and last about two years. This concept includes phase II studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.

INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.

The period before MENOPAUSE. In premenopausal women, the climacteric transition from full sexual maturity to cessation of ovarian cycle takes place between the age of late thirty and early fifty.

Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.

Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.

Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

A group of methylazirinopyrroloindolediones obtained from certain Streptomyces strains. They are very toxic antibiotics used as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS in some solid tumors. PORFIROMYCIN and MITOMYCIN are the most useful members of the group.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)

Administration of the total dose of radiation (RADIATION DOSAGE) in parts, at timed intervals.

A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).

Serum sErbB1 and epidermal growth factor levels as tumor biomarkers in women with stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer. (1/4884)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a high mortality rate, which is due primarily to the fact that early clinical symptoms are vague and nonspecific; hence, this disease often goes undetected and untreated until in its advanced stages. Sensitive and reliable methods for detecting earlier stages of EOC are, therefore, urgently needed. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a ligand for EGF receptor (ErbB1); this receptor is the product of the c-erbB1 proto-oncogene. ErbB1 overexpression is common in human ovarian carcinoma-derived cell lines and tumors, in which overexpression is thought to play a critical role in tumor etiology and progression. Furthermore, ErbB1 overexpression is associated with disease recurrence and decreased patient survival. Recently, we have developed an acridinium-linked immunosorbent assay that detects a approximately 110-kDa soluble analogue of ErbB1, ie., sErbB1, in serum samples from healthy men and women (A. T. Baron, et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 219: 23-43, 1998). Here, we demonstrate that serum p110 sErbB1 levels are significantly lower in EOC patients with stage III or IV disease prior to (P < 0.0001) and shortly after (P < 0.0001) cytoreductive staging laparotomy than in healthy women of similar ages, whereas EGF levels are significantly higher than those of age-matched healthy women only in serum samples collected shortly after tumor debulking surgery (P < 0.0001). We observe that the preoperative serum sErbB1 concentration range of advanced stage EOC patients barely overlaps with the serum sErbB1 concentration range of healthy women. In addition, we show that serum sErbB1 and EGF levels changed temporally for some EOC patients who were surgically debulked of tumor and who provided a second serum sample during the course of combination chemotherapy. Finally, we observe a significant positive association between sErbB1 and EGF levels only in serum samples of EOC patients collected prior to cytoreductive surgery (correlation coefficient = 0.61968; P = 0.0027). These data suggest that epithelial ovarian tumors concomitantly affect serum sErbB1 and EGF levels. In conclusion, these data indicate that serum sErbB1 and EGF (postoperative only) levels are significantly different between EOC patients and healthy women and that altered and/or changing serum sErbB1 and EGF levels may provide important diagnostic and/or prognostic information useful for the management of patients with EOC. (+info)

Multimodality therapy for locally advanced and limited stage IV breast cancer: the impact of effective non-cross-resistance late-consolidation chemotherapy. (2/4884)

To determine the effectiveness of non-cross-resistant late-consolidation chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and stage IV breast cancer, we review our experience with two regimens. Between 1985 and 1991, we enrolled 56 patients with LABC, who were treated with a doxorubicin-based adjuvant regimen, followed by a late-consolidation non-cross-resistant regimen containing methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide. Between 1985 and 1996, a total of 45 patients with limited stage IV breast cancer underwent surgical excision of all evaluable disease, making them metastatic (stage IV) with no evaluable disease. Surgery was followed by a doxorubicin-containing regimen and then a late-consolidation non-cross-resistant regimen, which was either methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatinum, and cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. Twenty-four patients with limited bone metastases that were unresectable were treated with a doxorubicin-containing regimen, radiation therapy to all sites of disease, and then one of the two late non-cross-resistant regimens. With a median follow-up of 84 months, 78% of patients with LABC are alive, and 68% are free of disease. After a median follow-up of 44 months, 53% of patients with stage IV with no evaluable disease are alive and free of disease. The use of non-cross-resistant late-consolidation chemotherapy is an effective strategy in the treatment of patients with LABC and selected patients with limited stage IV breast cancer. (+info)

Necrosis correlates with high vascular density and focal macrophage infiltration in invasive carcinoma of the breast. (3/4884)

Necrosis is a common feature of invasive carcinoma of the breast and is caused by chronic ischaemia leading to infarction. Although necrosis was previously assumed to be due to a generally poor blood supply in the tumour, in this study we show that it is present in tumours with focal areas of high vascular density situated away from the actual sites of necrosis. This may account, in part, for the previous observation that necrosis is linked to poor prognosis in this disease. Highly angiogenic tumours often display blood vessel shunting from one tumour area to another, which further exacerbates ischaemia and the formation of tumour necrosis. We have recently demonstrated that high focal microphage infiltration into breast tumours is significantly associated with increased tumour angiogenesis and poor prognosis and that the macrophages accumulate in poorly vascularized, hypoxic areas within breast tumours. In order to investigate the interactions of macrophages with chronic ischaemia (as reflected by the presence of necrosis) and angiogenesis in breast tumours, we quantified the levels of these three biological parameters in a series of 109 consecutive invasive breast carcinomas. We found that the degree of tumour necrosis was correlated with both microphage infiltration (Mann-Whitney U, P-value = 0.0009; chi-square, P-value = 0.01) and angiogenesis (Mann-Whitney U P-value = 0.0008, chi square P-value = 0.03). It was also observed that necrosis was a feature of tumours possessing an aggressive phenotype, i.e. high tumour grade (chi-square, P-value < 0.001), larger size (Mann-Whitney U, P-value = 0.003) and low oestrogen receptor status (Mann-Whitney U, P-value = 0.008; chi-square, P-value < 0.008). We suggest, therefore, that aggressive tumours rapidly outgrow their vascular supply in certain areas, leading to areas of prolonged hypoxia within the tumour and, subsequently, to necrosis. This, in turn, may attract macrophages into the tumour, which then contribute to the angiogenic process, giving rise to an association between high levels of angiogenesis and extensive necrosis. (+info)

Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children's Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study. (4/4884)

PURPOSE: From 1986 to 1992, "eight-drugs-in-one-day" (8-in-1) chemotherapy both before and after radiation therapy (XRT) (54 Gy tumor/36 Gy neuraxis) was compared with vincristine, lomustine (CCNU), and prednisone (VCP) after XRT in children with untreated, high-stage medulloblastoma (MB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred three eligible patients with an institutional diagnosis of MB were stratified by local invasion and metastatic stage (Chang T/M) and randomized to therapy. Median time at risk from study entry was 7.0 years. RESULTS: Survival and progression-free survival (PFS) +/- SE at 7 years were 55%+/-5% and 54%+/-5%, respectively. VCP was superior to 8-in-1 chemotherapy, with 5-year PFS rates of 63%+/-5% versus 45%+/-5%, respectively (P = .006). Upon central neuropathology review, 188 patients were confirmed as having MB and were the subjects for analyses of prognostic factors. Children aged 1.5 to younger than 3 years had inferior 5-year estimates of PFS, compared with children 3 years old or older (P = .0014; 32%+/-10% v 58%+/-4%, respectively). For MB patients 3 years of age or older, the prognostic effect of tumor spread (MO v M1 v M2+) on PFS was powerful (P = .0006); 5-year PFS rates were 70%+/-5%, 57%+/-10%, and 40%+/-8%, respectively. PFS distributions at 5 years for patients with M0 tumors with less than 1.5 cm2 of residual tumor, versus > or = 1.5 cm2 of residual tumor by scan, were significantly different (P = .023; 78%+/-6% v 54%+/-11%, respectively). CONCLUSION: VCP plus XRT is a superior adjuvant combination compared with 8-in-1 chemotherapy plus XRT. For patients with M0 tumors, residual tumor bulk (not extent of resection) is a predictor for PFS. Patients with M0 tumors, > or = 3 years with < or = 1.5 cm2 residual tumor, had a 78%+/-6% 5-year PFS rate. Children younger than 3 years old who received a reduced XRT dosage had the lowest survival rate. (+info)

Pamidronate reduces skeletal morbidity in women with advanced breast cancer and lytic bone lesions: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Protocol 18 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. (5/4884)

PURPOSE: To assess whether pamidronate can reduce the frequency of skeletal morbidity in women with lytic bone metastases from breast cancer treated with hormone therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred seventy-two women with breast cancer who had at least one lytic bone lesion and who were receiving hormonal therapy were randomized to receive 90 mg of pamidronate or placebo as a 2-hour intravenous infusion given in double-blind fashion every 4 weeks for 24 cycles. Patients were evaluated for skeletal complications: pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, irradiation of or surgery on bone, or hypercalcemia. The skeletal morbidity rate (the ratio of the number of skeletal complications to the time on trial) was the primary efficacy variable. Bone pain, use of analgesics, quality of life, performance status, bone tumor response, and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-two patients who received pamidronate and 189 who received placebo were assessable. The skeletal morbidity rate was significantly reduced at 12, 18, and 24 cycles in patients treated with 90 mg of pamidronate (P = .028, .023, and .008, respectively). At 24 cycles, the proportion of patients having had any skeletal complication was 56% in the pamidronate group and 67% in the placebo group (P = .027). The time to the first skeletal complication was longer for patients receiving pamidronate than for those given placebo (P = .049). There was no statistical difference in survival or in objective bone response rate. Pamidronate was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Treatment with 90 mg of pamidronate as a 2-hour intravenous infusion every 4 weeks in addition to hormonal therapy significantly reduces skeletal morbidity from osteolytic metastases. (+info)

Combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. (6/4884)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer pretreated with leucovorin-modulated fluoropyrimidines. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, who progressed while receiving or within 6 months after discontinuing palliative chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines/leucovorin, were enrolled onto this study. Treatment consisted of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on days 1 + 15 and irinotecan 80 mg/m2 on days 1 + 8 + 15 every 4 weeks. Depending on the absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) on the day of scheduled chemotherapeutic drug administration, a 5-day course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 5 microg/kg/d was given. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42% for all 36 assessable patients (95% confidence interval, 26% to 59%), including two complete remissions (6%). Thirteen additional patients (36%) had stable disease, and only eight (22%) progressed. The median time to treatment failure was 7.5 months (range, 1 to 13.5+ months). After a median follow-up time of 14 months, 19 patients (53%) are still alive. Hematologic toxicity was commonly observed, although according to the ANC-adapted use of G-CSF (in 31 patients during 81 of 174 courses), it was generally mild: grade 3 and 4 granulocytopenia occurred in only five and two cases, respectively. The most frequent nonhematologic adverse reactions were nausea/emesis and diarrhea, which were rated severe in 17% and 19%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the combination of irinotecan and oxaliplatin with or without G-CSF has substantial antitumor activity in patients with progressive fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. Overall toxicity was modest, with gastrointestinal symptoms constituting the dose-limiting side effects. Further evaluation of this regimen seems warranted. (+info)

Multi-institutional melanoma lymphatic mapping experience: the prognostic value of sentinel lymph node status in 612 stage I or II melanoma patients. (7/4884)

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of pathologic sentinel lymph node (SLN) status with that of other known prognostic factors on recurrence and survival in patients with stage I or II cutaneous melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 612 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma who underwent lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy between January 1991 and May 1995 to determine the effects of tumor thickness, ulceration, Clark level, location, sex, and SLN pathologic status on disease-free and disease-specific survival. RESULTS: In the 580 patients in whom lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy were successful, the SLN was positive by conventional histology in 85 patients (15%) but negative in 495 patients (85%). SLN status was the most significant prognostic factor with respect to disease-free and disease-specific survival by univariate and multiple covariate analyses. Although tumor thickness and ulceration influenced survival in SLN-negative patients, they provided no additional prognostic information in SLN-positive patients. CONCLUSION: Lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy is highly accurate in staging nodal basins at risk for regional metastases in primary melanoma patients and identifies those who may benefit from earlier lymphadenectomy. Furthermore, pathologic status of the SLN in these patients with clinically negative nodes is the most important prognostic factor for recurrence. The information from SLN biopsy is particularly helpful in establishing stratification criteria for future adjuvant trials. (+info)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast carcinoma larger than 3 cm: a unicentre randomized trial with a 124-month median follow-up. Institut Bergonie Bordeaux Groupe Sein (IBBGS). (8/4884)

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves overall survival and renders possible breast-conserving treatment in locally advanced breast cancer. It was necessary for this method to be evaluated in operable breast tumors too large to be treated immediately by conserving surgery. Initial results of this randomized trial were published in Annals of Oncology (1991). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with T2 > 3 cm or T3 N0-1 M0 breast tumors were treated by either initial mastectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjusted locoregional treatment. Chemotherapy was the same in the two arms. The prognostic and predictive factors of response to chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS: Conserving treatments were performed in 63% at the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and this rate had decreased to 45% at the median follow-up of 124 months. Survivals are identical in the two treatment groups. Initial clinical tumor size < 40 mm, IHC-ER < 10% and Mib1 > 40% are predictive of tumor response to chemotherapy by uni- and multivariate analyses. For outcome prediction, c-erb-B2 > 0% is the independent prognostic factor for overall and metastasis-free survivals. CONCLUSION: Breast-conserving therapy can be performed in more than half of all cases without alteration of survival, despite a non-negligible rate of local recurrences. (+info)

Adjuvant chemotherapy Deen, SS; Priest, AN; McLean, MA; Gill, AB; Brodie, C; Crawford, R; Latimer, J; Baldwin, P; Earl, HM; ... Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer (as defined by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Valentini, ... chemotherapy, immunotherapy or hormone therapy) or radiation therapy is commonly used in cancers that are locally advanced, and ... "Diffusion kurtosis MRI as a predictive biomarker of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in high grade serous ovarian cancer". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoadjuvant_therapy

Hughes, F. A., Higgins, G., & Beebe, G. W. (1966). Present status of surgical adjuvant lung-cancer chemotherapy. JAMA, 196(4), ... Present status of surgical adjuvant lung-cancer chemotherapy. Bronchogenic carcinoma: factors in survival. Linkage of Wartime ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_Wheeler_Beebe

Falcetta FS, Medeiros LR, Edelweiss MI, Pohlmann PR, Stein AT, Rosa DD (November 2016). "Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy ... "Adjuvant chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer". The Cochrane Database of ... which then usually requires adjuvant radiation therapy), or cisplatin chemotherapy followed by hysterectomy. When cisplatin is ... In addition, chemotherapy can be used to treat cervical cancer, and has been found to be more effective than radiation alone. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

the cure rate was improved from 10% to 85%. Similarly, the addition of cisplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy led to a marked ... These drugs are used to treat almost half of people receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In this form of chemotherapy, commonly ... "Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for early stage cervical cancer". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11: ... Oun R, Moussa YE, Wheate NJ (2018). "The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists". Dalton ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum-based_antineoplastic

February 2013). "Adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after surgery for uterine carcinosarcoma". The Cochrane Database of ... who were treated with combination chemotherapy including Ifosfamide, were at lower risk of disease progression and death than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_Müllerian_tumor

Adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with early-stage breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360:2055-2065. Sikov ... Adjuvant Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab for Node-Negative, HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372: ... Estrogen-Receptor Status and Outcomes of Modern Chemotherapy for Patients with Node-Positive Breast Cancer. JAMA. 2006;295:1658 ... assessing the use of aspirin as adjuvant therapy for node-positive breast cancer patients. Winer has authored over 250 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Winer

Sakuramoto (1 November 2007). "Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer with S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine". NEJM. 357 (18): ... in Japan for most cancers while overall survival tend to be longer in the US due to the more aggressive use of chemotherapy in ... cancer is better in Japan than the US in both patients treated with surgery alone and surgery followed by chemotherapy. Japan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_system_in_Japan

They are treated with surgery and adjuvant platinum chemotherapy or radiation. Yolk sac tumors, formerly called endodermal ... Most germ-cell cancers have a better prognosis than other subtypes and are more sensitive to chemotherapy. They are more likely ... Clear-cell ovarian carcinomas do not typically respond well to chemotherapy and may be related to endometriosis. They represent ... Treatment usually includes some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Outcomes depend on the extent of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_cancer

Surgical treatments are typically followed by adjuvant, usually platinum-based, chemotherapy. Radiation therapy has been ... "Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy in carcinoma of the fallopian tube". Gynecol Oncol. UCSF. "Gynecologic Cancer: ... the patients with advanced stage disease survived 5 years with a surgical approach followed by cisplatinum-based chemotherapy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallopian_tube_cancer

Higher tumour grades may benefit from adjuvant treatment such as platinum-based chemotherapy. Optimal debulking is used to ... Platinum-based chemotherapy is paramount to treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Carboplatin tends to fare better than ... There is a lack of randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes between chemotherapy and optimal debulking, so the current ... Interval debulking surgery may be employed half way through chemotherapy following primary surgery if tumour remains above 1 cm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynecologic_oncology

Few studies have shown topical adjuvant chemotherapy to be effective in treating SGc. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be used in ... Data on the role of adjuvant radiation therapy in the treatment of SGc is scarce, however, and recurrence following adjuvant ... Postsurgical adjuvant radiation therapy has been used in locally advanced primary tumors and those with positive margins or ... There is a limited amount of information on the effectiveness of chemotherapy for SGc, and it is not indicated for local ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_carcinoma

Packer, R. (1991). "Improved survival with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of medulloblastoma". Journal of ... In 1983 pediatric oncologist Roger Packer began incorporating cisplatin into adjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of ... Cisplatin is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of cancers. These include testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, ... Cisplatin combination chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment of many cancers. Initial platinum responsiveness is high but ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisplatin

Mesna - a cancer chemotherapy adjuvant with the same structure Balch WE, Wolfe RS (1979). "Specificity and biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_M

"GOLPH3 predicts survival of colorectal cancer patients treated with 5-fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy". J. Transl. Med ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golph3

Chemotherapy also has a role, combined with radiation, in the postoperative setting (adjuvant therapy). Generally it is used ... Concurrent chemotherapy is also superior to chemotherapy alone (induction chemotherapy) followed by radiation. Cetuximab shows ... Consequently, many of these patients have been treated with adjuvant radiation, with or without chemotherapy. In the above ... The addition of chemotherapy to radiation increases acute and late toxicity. In the GORTEC trial, chemotherapy with docetaxel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPV-positive_oropharyngeal_cancer

have disease progression within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy. On 16 ... Other adjuvants include proteins or other chemicals that attract and/or activate dendritic cells, such as granulocyte ... The toxic chemicals are those typically used as chemotherapy drugs, but other toxins can be used. The antibody binds to ... Rituximab also increases the sensitivity of cancerous B-cells to chemotherapy. Cytokines are proteins produced by many types of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy

There is evidence to suggest that doxorubicin chemotherapy as an adjuvant can reduce recurrence at the original site or ... 2016(inc details of French system) "Adjuvant chemotherapy for localised resectable soft tissue sarcoma in adults". Cochrane ... The use of chemotherapy to prevent the spread of soft-tissue sarcomas has not been proven to be effective. If the cancer has ... Chemotherapy may be used with radiation therapy either before or after surgery to try to shrink the tumor or kill any remaining ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft-tissue_sarcoma

Adjuvant chemotherapy may also be used post-surgery to prevent further disease spread Heald, R. J.; Husband, E. M.; Ryall, R. D ... Depending on the staging, size and location of the tumour, neoadjuvant radiotherapy often combined with chemotherapy may be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_mesorectal_excision

Typical chemotherapy is six cycles of intraperitoneally-delivered platinum-base adjuvant chemotherapy with agents such as ... Cytoreductive "debulking" surgery may be performed prior to chemotherapy treatment in order to decrease the physical mass of ... although it is more sensitive to platinum-based chemotherapy, possibly due to its rapid growth rate. In rare cases, HGSCs can ... "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for low-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary or peritoneum". Gynecologic Oncology. 108 (3): 510-514. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-grade_serous_carcinoma

The best outcomes occur when total resection of the tumor is combined with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In the event ... Possible interventions include inserting shunts, surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Inserting a shunt could ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroid_plexus_carcinoma

There is no proven benefit to adjuvant chemotherapy or supplementing other treatments for this kind of tumor. Although ... temozolomide is effective for treating recurrent anaplastic astrocytoma, its role as an adjuvant to radiation therapy has not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaplastic_astrocytoma

... (ethiofos) is a cytoprotective adjuvant used in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy involving DNA-binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amifostine

"Mycobacterium vaccae as Adjuvant Therapy to Anti-Tuberculosis Chemotherapy in Never-Treated Tuberculosis Patients: A Meta- ... in addition to standard chemotherapy improves quality of life without affecting survival, in patients with advanced non-small- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_vaccae

Adjuvant chemotherapy for localised resectable soft tissue sarcoma of adults: A meta-analysis of individual patient data. ... High-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer. JAMA 1999;282:1701-1703. Antman K and Y Chang, Kaposi's Sarcoma. New England Journal ... Zalupski MM, Rankin C, Ryan JR, Lucas DR, Muler J, Lanier KS, Budd GT, Biermann JS, Meyers FJ, Antman K. Adjuvant therapy of ... Antman developed standards for the treatment of patients receiving chemotherapy including pharmacology, growth factors and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_H._Antman

... including the increased use in adjuvant chemotherapy. The National Institute of Health (NIH) attributes the increase in the 5- ... Where surgery was previously the only option for treatment, cancer is now treated with radiation and chemotherapy, including ... "Evolution of Cancer Treatments: Chemotherapy". American Cancer Society. "Search of: cancer - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov ... combination chemotherapy that favors treatment with many drugs over just one. Availability and access to clinical trials has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_survival_rates

A study of the usefulness of platinum-based chemotherapy as an adjuvant after surgery of stage I patients showed that patients ... treated with adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy". Gynecol Oncol. 98 (3): 353-9. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.06.012. PMID ... patients with stage 1B disease with chemotherapy had no recurrence, while those without chemotherapy had a high degree (77%) of ... In a study to determine if adjuvant therapy should be used in patients with stage I UPSC who had undergone surgery, no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_serous_carcinoma

For malignant tumours, the surgery may be radical and usually is followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, sometimes by radiation ... Immunohistochemical markers of Leydig cell tumours include inhibin-alpha, calretinin, and melan-A. The usual chemotherapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydig_cell_tumour

Vincristine, Adriamycin, and bleomycin are used for adjuvant chemotherapy, but their effects are not good enough according to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squamous-cell_thyroid_carcinoma

It has not been demonstrated that adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy or radiation therapy) improves the survival rate for ... For this reason, there are no current indications for the use of chemotherapy or hormone therapy even in advanced cases. The ... The importance of correct surgical staging lies in the need for a change in surgical treatment and postoperative adjuvant ... for which cases the chemotherapy regimen used is the same as that for invasive carcinoma (consisting of a platinum-containing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_tumor

327-337 Porter A.B., Bernold D.M., Giannini C., et al: Retrospective review of adjuvant chemotherapy for esthesioneuroblastoma ... then for radiotherapy and chemotherapy (51%), just surgery (48%), surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (47%) and finally just ... Chemotherapy is used in a multimodality treatment plan generally for more advanced, unresectable or reoccurring tumors. ... More progressed, higher grade tumors would result in chemotherapy or radiotherapy as the only treatment. It is no surprise that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esthesioneuroblastoma

... adjuvant - administration - Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group (AACTG) - adverse drug reaction - aerosolized - AETC - ... chemotherapy - Chlamydia - chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIPD) - Circumoral paresthesia - clade - clinical ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics

Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapyEdit. If the tumor can be removed surgically, people may receive adjuvant ... Adjuvant chemotherapy appears to be ineffective in people with completely resected tumors.[75] The role of combined ... then adjuvant therapy with radiation and possibly chemotherapy is generally recommended based on the available data.[76] ... "Is postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy useful for gallbladder carcinoma? A phase III multicenter prospective randomized ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma

... is synergistic with chemotherapy, and has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in susceptible ... Preventive (adjuvant) doses are typically around 45-60 Gy in 1.8-2 Gy fractions (for breast, head, and neck cancers.) Many ... It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor ... This is most commonly seen in the treatment of breast cancer with wide local excision or mastectomy followed by adjuvant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

Active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy[2]. Prognosis. 5-year survival rate 99% (US)[4] ... "Expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in human prostate cancer specimens with and without neo-adjuvant hormonal ... Systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer was first studied in the 1970s. The initial regimen of cyclophosphamide and 5- ... Cryotherapy (the process of freezing the tumor), hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy may also be offered if initial treatment ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/سرطان_پروستات?match=en

... osteoporosis and as adjuvant therapy during cancer chemotherapy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucagon-like_peptide_2

Adjuvant analgesics, also called atypical analgesics, include nefopam, orphenadrine, pregabalin, gabapentin, cyclobenzaprine, ... Refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting; anorexia; neuropathic pain.. Dizziness, euphoria, paranoia, somnolence, ... The use of adjuvant analgesics is an important and growing part of the pain-control field and new discoveries are made ... Main article: analgesic adjuvant. Drugs that have been introduced for uses other than analgesics are also used in pain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algesic

... neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and post-operatively (adjuvant chemotherapy). ... "Chemotherapy with cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone for chemotherapy-naive advanced non-small cell lung cancer". The Cochrane ... Certain people that are deemed to be higher risk may also receive adjuvant (ancillary) chemotherapy after initial surgery or ... however a wide variety of chemotherapy options exist.[41][42] These agents include both traditional chemotherapies like ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-small-cell_lung_carcinoma

Adjuvant chemotherapy is given after a local treatment (radiotherapy or surgery). It can be used when there is little evidence ... Intensification chemotherapy is identical to consolidation chemotherapy but a different drug than the induction chemotherapy is ... Chemotherapy. A woman being treated with docetaxel chemotherapy for breast cancer. Cold mittens and wine coolers are placed on ... The term chemotherapy[edit]. The word chemotherapy without a modifier usually refers to cancer treatment, but its historical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapeutics

Vinblastine and CCNU are common chemotherapy agents used to treat mast cell tumors. Toceranib and masitinib, examples of ... factors associated with outcome in dogs with multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors treated with surgery with and without adjuvant ... such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, may be necessary. Prednisone is often used to shrink the remaining tumor portion. H2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastocytoma

Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic anti-neoplastic drugs (chemotherapeutic agents ... Bagri A, Kouros-Mehr H, Leong KG, Plowman GD (March 2010). "Use of anti-VEGF adjuvant therapy in cancer: challenges and ... The efficacy of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer and the stage. In combination with surgery, chemotherapy has proven ... The effectiveness of chemotherapy is often limited by its toxicity to other tissues in the body. Even when chemotherapy does ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_neoplasms

Do not randomize antigen plus adjuvant versus adjuvant alone. The goal is to establish clinical benefit of the immunotherapy (i ... One alternative is to target patients with residual disease after surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy that does not harm the ... The adjuvant may have a low-level clinical effect that skews the trial, increasing the chances of a false negative. ... Selection of the appropriate adjuvant to activate antigen-presenting cells to stimulate immune responses, is required. Bacillus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_vaccine

99,0 99,1 «The introduction of 'chemotherapy' using arsphenamine - the first magic bullet»։ Journal of the Royal Society of ... 143,0 143,1 143,2 143,3 «Antibiotic adjuvants: diverse strategies for controlling drug-resistant pathogens»։ Chemical Biology ... 144,0 144,1 «Bacteriophage therapy»։ Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45 (3): 649-59։ March 2001։ PMC 90351։ PMID 11181338 ... 80,0 80,1 «The growing burden of antimicrobial resistance»։ The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy։ 62 Suppl 1 (Supplement 1 ...

https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Անտիբիոտիկներ

Lind M.J. M.J. (2008)։ «Principles of cytotoxic chemotherapy»։ Medicine 36 (1): 19-23։ doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2007.10.003 ... Use of anti-VEGF adjuvant therapy in cancer: challenges and rationale»։ Trends in Molecular Medicine 16 (3): 122-32։ March 2010 ... The present and future management of malignant brain tumours: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy»։ Journal of Neurology, ... 2011 Focused Update of 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update on Chemotherapy for Stage ...

https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Քաղցկեղ

Adjuvant chemotherapy refers to the use of chemotherapy after apparently curative surgery to improve the outcome. In NSCLC, ... Chemotherapy[edit]. The chemotherapy regimen depends on the tumor type.[6] Small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), even relatively ... If stage II or III disease is confirmed, adjuvant chemotherapy (including or not including postoperative radiotherapy) improves ... Chemotherapy may be combined with palliative care in the treatment of the NSCLC. In advanced cases, appropriate chemotherapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer

He J, Shen J, Yang C, Jiang L, Liang W, Shi X, Xu X, He J. Adjuvant Chemotherapy for the Completely Resected Stage IB Nonsmall ... Adjuvant chemotherapy for resected early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. March ... 辅助化疗（英语：Adjuvant therapy）是指在進行根除型手术後再实施化疗，目的是提高疗效。对于非小细胞肺癌，手术过程中会在病灶旁淋巴结取样以辅助分期。如果确定其为肺癌II或III期

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/肺癌

"Cancer Care Ontario and American Society of Clinical Oncology adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation therapy for stages I ... Most previous chemotherapy drugs for cancer were (relatively) nonselective in their activity. Although their exact mechanisms ... Additionally, SCLC's are typically much more sensitive to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy than are NSCLC's. Therefore, ... and chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for SCLC.[6][7] ... compared with etoposide plus carboplatin in chemotherapy-naive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_therapy_of_lung_cancer

Just as for chemotherapy, radiotherapy can be used in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting for some stages of rectal cancer. ... ChemotherapyEdit. In both cancer of the colon and rectum, chemotherapy may be used in addition to surgery in certain cases. The ... In Stage I colon cancer, no chemotherapy is offered, and surgery is the definitive treatment. The role of chemotherapy in Stage ... Typically in this setting, a number of different chemotherapy medications may be used.[19] Chemotherapy drugs for this ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colon_cancer

Adjuvant capecitabine plus oxaiplatin for gastric cancer after D2 gastrectomy CLASSIC: 5 zear follow-up of an open label, ... Perioperative chemotherapy versus surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 6;355(1):11-20. ...

https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrandžio_adenokarcinoma

De-intensified adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant chemoradiotherapy post transoral minimally invasive ... Corticosteroids for adult patients with advanced cancer who have nausea and vomiting (not related to chemotherapy, radiotherapy ... Chemotherapy as an adjunct to radiotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma PMID 17054200 https://doi.org/10.1002/ ... Done Erythropoietin as an adjuvant treatment with (chemo) radiation therapy for head and neck cancer PMID 19588382 https://doi. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Cochrane/Cochrane_Review_List/Musculoskeletal,_Oral,_Skin_and_Sensory

Singh M, O'Hagan D (1999). "Advances in vaccine adjuvants". Nat Biotechnol. 17 (11): 1075-81. PMID 10545912.. ... "Immunogenic Chemotherapy Sensitizes Tumors to Checkpoint Blockade Therapy". Immunity. 44 (2): 343-354. doi:10.1016/j.immuni. ... "Breakdown of pulmonary host defense in the immunocompromised host: cancer chemotherapy". Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2 (5): 445-8. ... "Chemotherapy-induced immunogenic modulation of tumor cells enhances killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is distinct from ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_kekebalan_tubuh

2007). „The rationale for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage I non-small cell lung cancer". Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 2 (5): ... Le Chevalier, T (2010). „Adjuvant chemotherapy for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer: where is it going?". Annals of ... Wakelee, HA; Schiller JH; Gandara DR (2006). „Current status of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB non-small-cell lung cancer: ... 1977). „Intensive chemotherapy of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma". Cancer Treatment Reports. 61 (3): 349-354. PMID 194691.. ...

https://sr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer

people with a tumor larger than 5 cm (2 inches) that doesn't shrink very much with neoadjuvant chemotherapy ... the availability of adjuvant radiation, and the willingness of the patient to accept higher rates of tumor recurrences after ... an analysis of surgical techniques used in an international trial of adjuvant treatment among 4,700 females with early breast ... this time the doctor will explain the results and talk about further treatment if needed such as radiation and chemotherapy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastectomy

Vehmanen L, Elomaa I, Blomqvist C, Saarto T (February 2006). "Tamoxifen treatment after adjuvant chemotherapy has opposite ... Bruce A. Chabner; Dan L. Longo (7 December 2011). Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and Practice. Lippincott ... Nagar S (2010). "Pharmacokinetics of anti-cancer drugs used in breast cancer chemotherapy". Advances in Experimental Medicine ... 1980 saw the publication of the first trial to show that tamoxifen given in addition to chemotherapy improved survival for ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamoxifen

Adjuvant use was safe and effective in 3 trials for cancer pain, however the drug failed to meet its primary endpoint for this ... crossover pilot trial with extension using an oral mucosal cannabinoid extract for treatment of chemotherapy-induced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabiximols

"Adjuvant breast disease: an evaluation of 100 symptomatic women with breast implants or silicone fluid injections." The Keio ... treated successfully by simple removal of the implant and the capsule surrounding the implant without the need for chemotherapy ... especially in women who received adjuvant external radiation therapy.[55] Moreover, besides breast reconstruction, breast ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_implants

... (DTX or DXL), sold under the brand name Taxotere among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of ... Many more side effects have been reported for conjunctive and adjuvant treatment with docetaxel as well as rare post-marketing ... Docetaxel is a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent.[9][22] As with all chemotherapy, adverse effects are common, and many side ... Koren G, Carey N, Gagnon R, Maxwell C, Nulman I, Senikas V (March 2013). "Cancer chemotherapy and pregnancy". J Obstet Gynaecol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docetaxel

Chemotherapy[edit]. After surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine or 5-FU can be offered if the person is sufficiently ... This was the first chemotherapy drug approved by the FDA primarily for a nonsurvival clinical trial endpoint.[75] Chemotherapy ... Chemotherapy and, to a lesser extent, radiotherapy are likely to be offered to most people, whether or not surgery is possible ... Tejani MA, Saif MW (2014). "Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Does chemotherapy work?". Journal of the Pancreas. 15 (2): 132-4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_cancer

... alpha lipoic acid and n-acetyl cysteine as anti-CIPN adjuvants concluded that "currently no agent has shown solid beneficial ... of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs associated with CIPN include thalidomide, the epothilones such as ... Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy. NCI Cancer Bulletin. Feb 23, 2010;7(4):6. Grisold W, Oberndorfer S, Windebank AJ. ... Savage L. Chemotherapy-induced pain puzzles scientists. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2007;99(14):1070-1071. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy-induced_peripheral_neuropathy

Antibiotic adjuvant[edit]. While HAMLET on its own is not active against most bacteria, when present together with antibiotics ... History of cancer chemotherapy. *Experimental cancer treatment. References[edit]. *^ a b c d Ho C S, J; Rydström, A; Trulsson, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAMLET_

A 2013 review and metaanalysis of randomised controlled trials of acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy in IVF found no overall ... These are resources for women with no eggs due to surgery, chemotherapy, or genetic causes; or with poor egg quality, ... oocyte cryopreservation can be used for women who are likely to lose their ovarian reserve due to undergoing chemotherapy.[72] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilisation

Chemotherapy: Adjuvant chemotherapy is the use of drugs to eradicate or suppress residual disease after surgery or irradiation ... Adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the rate of recurrence of… ... In therapeutics: Chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is the use ... Other articles where Adjuvant chemotherapy is discussed: therapeutics: ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/adjuvant-chemotherapy

... Paul H. Sugarbaker and Lana Bijelic ... I. Vergote, F. Amant, K. Leunen et al., "Intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer: the con view," ... E. L. Trimble, S. Thompson, M. C. Christian, and L. Minasian, "Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for women with epithelial ovarian ... P. Jacquet and P. H. Sugarbaker, "Effects of postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy on peritoneal wound healing and ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/grp/2012/752643/ref/

Pancreatic cancer Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Adjuvant chemotherapy Evidence-based medicine Transcriptomics Precision medicine ... Adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection. Arch Surg 120(8):899-903CrossRefGoogle Scholar ... Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine and capecitabine in unselected patients can double 5-year overall survival to around 30 ... The aim of this article was to summarize existing evidence on neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in PDAC with a focus on ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00423-018-1724-8

Psychiatric morbidity and physical toxicity associated with adjuvant chemotherapy after mastectomy. Br Med J 1980; 281 :1179 ... Psychiatric morbidity and physical toxicity associated with adjuvant chemotherapy after mastectomy.. Br Med J 1980; 281 doi: ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/281/6249/1179

Connected Prehabilitation Program During Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy (TRAINING). The safety and scientific validity of this study ... Patient with neo adjuvant chemotherapy (min 3 cycles, max 6 cycles),. *Capability to perform a cardiopulmonary exercise test ( ... Connected Prehabilitation Program During Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy Official Title ICMJE Multicenter Randomized Study Comparing ... Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients Managed for Ovarian Cancer With or Without a Connected Prehabilitation Program ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT04451369?view=results

J. A. Broeckel, P. B. Jacobsen, L. Balducci, J. Horton, and G. H. Lyman, "Quality of life after adjuvant chemotherapy for ... Psychoneuroimmunology-Based Stress Management during Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Early Breast Cancer. Jo Lynne W. Robins,1 Nancy ... In a randomized trial of women with early stage breast cancer undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy, two stress management ... in comparison to a usual care control group among women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for stages I-IIIA breast cancer. We ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/372908/

... developed evidence-based recommendations for adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer. This guide for patients is based ... Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage II Colon Cancer. August 16, 2004. To help doctors give their patients the best possible care, ... Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer may lower the risk of the cancer coming back, but is also associated with ... Adjuvant therapy is additional treatment given after surgery to reduce the risk that the cancer will come back. Chemotherapy is ...

https://www.cancer.net/research-and-advocacy/asco-care-and-treatment-recommendations-patients/adjuvant-chemotherapy-stage-ii-colon-cancer

... information on adjuvant chemotherapy but do not address which patients can be spared unnecessary adjuvant chemotherapy. He ... either adjuvant chemotherapy immediately after surgery for early-stage ovarian cancer or no immediate adjuvant chemotherapy. ( ... observed benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy primarily in nonoptimally staged patients suggests a benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy ... optimal staging was not associated with any survival benefit in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant ...

http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/medicine-health/report-15734.html

NAC Sparing Mastectomy After Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility ... Nipple Areolar-complex Sparing Mastectomy After Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy: Evaluation of Local Oncologic Safety in a Cohort ... with or without treatment with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, the selection of patients for NAC-sparing mastectomy has been made on ... one with tumor size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and one with tumor size before neoadjuvant chemotherapy as balancing ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02471742

Connected Prehabilitation Program During Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy (TRAINING). The safety and scientific validity of this study ... Patient with neo adjuvant chemotherapy (min 3 cycles, max 6 cycles),. *Capability to perform a cardiopulmonary exercise test ( ... Multicenter Randomized Study Comparing Neo Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients Managed for Ovarian Cancer With or Without a ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT04451369

Adjuvant chemotherapy is given after surgery for early stage cancer. It aims to cure. Though potentially toxic, it has ... Adjuvant chemotherapy is given after surgery for early stage cancer. It aims to cure. Though potentially toxic, it has ... But as I lived the ordeal of adjuvant chemotherapy, I felt a growing urge to capture that experience as data and subject it to ... In sum, the lived-body strangeness of adjuvant chemotherapy is aptly captured in Staceys notion of the abject. But in my own ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41286-017-0033-y?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b0f86806-4b67-43a0-b520-0b7f33a995df

Experimental: ARM A Durvalumab/chemotherapy association Drug: ARM A Durvalumab/chemotherapy association NEO-ADJUVANT Cycle 1 : ... Cycle 1 : chemotherapy alone (day1) Cycle 2 : chemotherapy + durvalumab (day1) Cycle 3 : chemotherapy + durvalumab (day1) ... Cycle 1 : chemotherapy alone (day1) Cycle 2 : chemotherapy + durvalumab + tremelimumab (day1) Cycle 3 : chemotherapy + ... Immunotherapy With Neo-adjuvant Chemotherapy for OVarian Cancer (INeOV). The safety and scientific validity of this study is ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT03249142

One year of treatment with trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improves disease-free survival among women ... Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer N Engl J Med. 2005 Oct 20;353(16):1659-72. doi: 10.1056/ ... Conclusions: One year of treatment with trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improves disease-free survival ... breast cancer who had completed locoregional therapy and at least four cycles of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16236737/?dopt=Abstract

... that means you will be receiving both chemotherapy and surgery. Learn more... ... If your cancer treatment plan includes adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, ... When are Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Used?. Adjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy are ... Side Effects of Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapies. The side effects of adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy are the same ...

https://www.rockymountaincancercenters.com/cancer-treatments/chemotherapy-treatment/adjuvant-neoadjuvant-chemotherapy/

Obesity as an adverse prognostic factor for patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.. Bastarrachea J1, ... To determine whether obesity is an independent prognostic factor among women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for lymph node- ... an indicator of poor prognosis for patients with primary breast cancer even after the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy. ... with stages II and III primary breast cancer who were treated using three consecutive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8250452?dopt=Abstract

... phenotype to predict benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy of colon cancer by 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (FL) alone or with ... CONCLUSION: Our observations indicate that MSI status and p53 expression may influence the impact of oxaliplatin on adjuvant ... A Cox proportional hazards model was specifically designed to evaluate the interaction between chemotherapy and these genetic ... while the interaction of MSI with chemotherapy could not be determined in the absence of relapse in the MSI group treated with ...

http://www.uptodate.com/contents/adjuvant-chemotherapy-for-resected-stage-ii-colon-cancer/abstract/109

PURPOSE: Fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FU + LV) adjuvant chemotherapy reduced the risk of recurrence and death across all time ... Analysis From Modern-Era Adjuvant Studies in the Adjuvant Colon Cancer End Points (ACCENT) Database. ... PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 12,233 patients enrolled to the randomized trials C-07, C-08, N0147, MOSAIC (Adjuvant ... CONCLUSIONS: These analyses support the addition of oxaliplatin to fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant therapy in patients with ...

http://www.uptodate.com/contents/adjuvant-chemotherapy-for-resected-stage-ii-colon-cancer/abstract/18

Adjuvant" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant" was a major or minor topic of ... Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment. ... Peng C, Ho J, Bai HX, Huang Y, Huang RY, Yang L. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in early-stage diffuse large B cell ... "Chemotherapy, Adjuvant" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Chemotherapy,%20Adjuvant

... known as adjuvant chemotherapy, may not be benefiting from these drugs. ... "Adjuvant chemotherapy is a well established, but ineffective treatment in ER+ breast cancer patients aged 40 years or less . ... Article: Efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy according to hormone receptor status in young breast cancer patients, Jos A. van ... known as adjuvant chemotherapy, may not be benefiting from these drugs. This is especially true if their tumors respond to ...

https://www.science20.com/news_account/cancer_treatment_drugs_during_adjuvant_chemotherapy_may_not_work

Forty-five breast cancer patients, eligible for adjuvant C … ... It is an open question if chemotherapy (CT) per se imposes ... of the present study was to investigate effects of CT on salivary function in breast cancer patients during and after adjuvant ... Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients induces temporary salivary gland hypofunction Oral Oncol. 2008 Feb;44(2):162-73 ... It is an open question if chemotherapy (CT) per se imposes adverse effects on salivary gland function. The aim of the present ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17588802/

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant. Cisplatin / adverse effects, therapeutic use. Diarrhea / chemically induced, etiology. Dose ... Ten days after radiation therapy, TP regimen was administered as adjuvant chemotherapy.. RESULTS: For the experimental and ... CONCLUSION: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced cervical cancer can improve short-term and ... This study aimed to explore the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus adjuvant chemotherapy on and the treatment ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Efficacy-concurrent-chemoradiotherapy-plus-adjuvant/20979696.html

IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer includes adjuvant chemotherapy based on the results of randomized trials using cisplatin ... A recent meta-analysis (Lung Adjuvant Cisplatin Evaluation) showed no surv ... However, long-term results of the International Adjuvant Lung Cancer Trial evaluating adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in ... Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / methods. Cisplatin / administration & dosage. Humans. Lung Neoplasms / drug therapy*, pathology. ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Adjuvant-cisplatin-based-chemotherapy-resected/20679887.html

We conducted a retrospective review of data from 106 patients who had received adjuvant chemotherapy. The adjuvant chemotherapy ... The PNI before adjuvant chemotherapy influenced the treatment compliance with the planned chemotherapy in the OT group, but not ... it is important to identify risk factors for the continuation of adjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we analyzed chemotherapy ... The RFS of patients with a PNI ,50 before adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly poorer than that of the patients with a PNI ≥ ...

https://www.dovepress.com/prognostic-nutritional-index-before-adjuvant-chemotherapy-predicts-che-peer-reviewed-article-TCRM

NRF2 Pathway Activation and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Benefit in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.. [David W Cescon, Desmond She, ... However, improved survival with adjuvant chemotherapy in the JBR.10-randomized trial appears limited to patients with the WT ... the clinical relevance of these findings and assessed whether NRF2 activation predicts benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in ... A gene expression signature of NRF2 pathway activation is associated with benefit from adjuvant cisplatin/vinorelbine in SCC. ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/25739673

Cancer & chemotherapy 2004-1-31 [Appropriate duration of postoperative oral adjuvant chemotherapy with HCFU for colorectal ... We conducted a joint study of different duration of drug administration for oral adjuvant chemotherapy using camphor (HCFU) ... It appears that oral adjuvant chemotherapy with HCFU is more effective when administered for 2 years than for 6 months. ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/14750322

IntroductionPolymer-based delivery systems offer innovative intra-cavity administration of drugs, with the potential to better target micro-deposits of cancer cells in brain parenchyma beyond the resected cavity. Here we evaluate clinical utility, toxicity and sustained drug release capability of a novel formulation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microparticles. MethodsPLGA/PEG microparticle-based matrices were molded around an ex vivo brain pseudo-resection cavity and analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography. In vitro toxicity of the polymer was assessed using tumor and endothelial cells and drug release from trichostatin A-, etoposide- and methotrexate-loaded matrices was determined. To verify activity of released agents, tumor cells were seeded onto drug-loaded matrices and viability assessed. ResultsPLGA/PEG matrices can be molded around a pseudo-resection cavity wall with no ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0077435

What is adjuvant chemotherapy? Learn about this cancer treatment, including who may be a candidate and what to expect from the ... Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used for breast cancer when:. *Cells have migrated ... What is adjuvant chemotherapy?. Adjuvant chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that combines different healing therapies to ... What types of cancer is adjuvant chemotherapy used for?. Adjuvant chemotherapy is mainly used for cancers in the following body ...

https://www.mercy.com/health-care-services/cancer-care-oncology/specialties/breast-cancer-treatment/treatments/adjuvant-chemotherapy

The present study explored the beneficial effects of AHCC on adverse events in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for ... Effect of active hexose-correlated compound in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: a retrospective study. ... Effect of Active Hexose-Correlated Compound in Women Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study ... AHCC has the potential to reduce the severity of neutropenia induced by breast cancer chemotherapy and the use of G-CSF during ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23829813

... before resection of the primary tumotm to adjuvant HIPEC followed by routine adjuvant systemic chemotherapy (experimental group ... and intention to start adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Patients with metastatic disease were ineligible. Adjuvant HIPEC ... Adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced colon cancer (COLOPEC): a multicentre, ... We aimed to determine the efficacy of adjuvant hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in patients with locally ...

https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/publications/adjuvant-hyperthermic-intraperitoneal-chemotherapy-in-patients-with-locally-advanced-colon-cancer-colopec

... based chemotherapy after surgery can be given safely to selected elderly patients with stage II/III colon cancer, and these ... adjuvant chemo-therapy. Data from the National Cancer Institutes. Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) ... regimens after surgery with no adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with stage. II/III colon cancer. Five studies used 5-FU plus ... Reasons for withholding adjuvant chemotherapy from elderly patients may. include coexisting conditions, fear of toxicity, ...

http://www.cancernetwork.com/articles/elderly-colon-cancer-patients-benefit-adjuvant-chemotherapy

Following upfront resection, adjuvant chemotherapy has become mandatory to prevent early tumor recurrence. (springer.com)
Results from two large European studies suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy immediately after surgery for early-stage ovarian cancer can increase some patients chances of both overall and recurrence-free survival. (innovations-report.com)
However, recurrence-free survival was statistically significantly improved, with 76% of patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy surviving without a recurrence, compared with 68% of patients in the observation arm. (innovations-report.com)
Moreover, the authors found that among patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, optimal staging was associated with a statistically significant improvement in overall and recurrence-free survival. (innovations-report.com)
At 5 years, women who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a 9% greater overall survival and an 11% greater recurrence-free survival than women who did not receive immediate adjuvant therapy. (innovations-report.com)
The analysis also found that 5-year recurrence-free survival was 11% better in the adjuvant chemotherapy arm than in the observation arm. (innovations-report.com)
Adjuvant chemotherapy is administered after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells with the goal of reducing the chances of recurrence. (rockymountaincancercenters.com)
Impact of Patient Factors on Recurrence Risk and Time Dependency of Oxaliplatin Benefit in Patients With Colon Cancer: Analysis From Modern-Era Adjuvant Studies in the Adjuvant Colon Cancer End Points (ACCENT) Database. (uptodate.com)
PURPOSE: Fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FU + LV) adjuvant chemotherapy reduced the risk of recurrence and death across all time points in a pooled analysis of 20,898 patients with colon cancer from 18 randomized studies. (uptodate.com)
PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 12,233 patients enrolled to the randomized trials C-07, C-08, N0147, MOSAIC (Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer), and XELOXA (Adjuvant XELOX) were pooled to examine the impact of oxaliplatin and tumor-specific factors on the time course of recurrence and death. (uptodate.com)
Adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the risk of a recurrence in high-risk patients. (mercy.com)
When successful, adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence by 35 percent for women under 50 and by 20 percent in women over 50 years old. (mercy.com)
Adjuvant chemotherapy given to patients following underwent radical surgery for locally advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma was associated with a significantly decreased risk of tumor recurrence. (renalandurologynews.com)
Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves recurrence-free survival in patients with locally advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), according to a new study. (renalandurologynews.com)
Chemotherapy after surgery, known as adjuvant chemotherapy, led to higher rates of disease-free and overall survival for women with isolated local or regional recurrence of breast cancer. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Aebi recommended that physicians prescribe adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with isolated local and regional recurrence of breast cancer, especially if the recurrence is ER-negative and therefore not sensitive to endocrine therapy. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
These results indicate that cisplatin is most promising for the partner of S-1 as adjuvant therapy that may reduce recurrence and improve survival of stage III gastric cancer. (ovid.com)
however, interviews showed that there was evidence of a lack of understanding of key information among some patients, in particular their baseline risk of recurrence, the net benefit of combination chemotherapy and the rationale for having chemotherapy when cancer had apparently gone. (bmj.com)
Suggested improvements for the DA include: sequential presentation of treatment options (eg, no treatment vs 1 drug, 1 drug vs 2 drugs) to enhance patient understanding of the difference between combination and single therapy, diagrams to help patients understand the rationale for chemotherapy to prevent a recurrence and inbuilt checks on patient understanding of baseline risk of recurrence and net benefit of chemotherapy. (bmj.com)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with a higher local recurrence rate in patients with early breast cancer. (ascopost.com)
A meta-analysis reported in The Lancet Oncology by the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group indicates that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a higher local recurrence risk vs the same chemotherapy given postoperatively after breast-conserving therapy. (ascopost.com)
Local recurrence rates at 15 years were 21.4% for neoadjuvant chemotherapy vs 15.9% for adjuvant chemotherapy (rate ratio [RR] = 1.37, P = .0001). (ascopost.com)
There were no significant differences between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant therapy for 15-year distant recurrence (38.2% vs 38.0%, RR = 1.02, P = .66), breast cancer mortality (34.4% vs 33.7%, RR = 1.06, P = .31), or all-cause mortality (40.9% vs 41.2%, RR = 1.04, P = .45). (ascopost.com)
The investigators concluded: "Tumours downsized by [neoadjuvant chemotherapy] might have higher local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy than might tumours of the same dimensions in women who have not received [neoadjuvant chemotherapy]. (ascopost.com)
Strategies to mitigate the increased local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy in tumours downsized by [neoadjuvant chemotherapy] should be considered-e.g., careful tumour localisation, detailed pathological assessment, and appropriate radiotherapy. (ascopost.com)
Due to this pattern, the addition of radiotherapy appears as a logical adjuvant treatment aiming to decrease loco-regional recurrence and improve survival. (biomedcentral.com)
Because taxanes exhibit incomplete cross-resistance with anthracyclines, and adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy still leaves considerable residual risk of disease recurrence and death from breast cancer, multiple trials are addressing the value of incorporating taxanes, either sequentially or in combination with anthracyclines, in an effort to improve outcomes ( 8 , 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Recurrence, survival, and quality of life (QOL) is not improved with adjuvant chemotherapy in most patients with stage II colon cancer, according to the results of a study published in Supportive Care in Cancer . (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
In addition, significantly higher odds of cancer recurrence were seen among those patients who received chemotherapy. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
In this study, stage II colon cancer patients who received chemotherapy treatment were more likely to have poor QoL, recurrence, and all-cause mortality after 24 months compared to those who did not receive chemotherapy. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Moreover, although the host immune function of breast cancer patients on chemotherapy affects the recurrence rate ( 12 ), anthracycline-based chemotherapy is reported to adversely affect immune function ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Secondary endpoints are postoperative cholangitis, time to recurrence or distant metastasis, changes in nutritional index, changes in the lymphocyte blast transformation test induced by phytohaemagglutinin, and concanavalin A and diamine oxidase serum activity during adjuvant chemotherapy. (bmj.com)
Neuropathy is a common complication that could result in chemotherapy dose reduction, but there is no evidence that this toxicity is associated with a higher risk of recurrence or inferior survival (6). (deepdyve.com)

Peng C, Ho J, Bai HX, Huang Y, Huang RY, Yang L. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy in early-stage diffuse large B cell lymphoma of head and neck with extranodal involvement. (harvard.edu)
Women under the age of forty with breast cancer who are given drugs in addition to lumpectomies or radiotherapy, known as adjuvant chemotherapy, may not be benefiting from these drugs. (science20.com)
Adjuvant radiotherapy improves lymph node-field control in patients at high risk of relapse after therapeutic lymphadenectomy for metastatic melanoma, an Australian-New Zealand study has confirmed. (amazonaws.com)
Following completion of chemotherapy, patients who underwent breast conservation surgery receive radiotherapy. (knowcancer.com)
Two randomised clinical trials (NSGO-EC-9501/EORTC-55991 and MaNGO ILIADE-III) were undertaken to clarify if sequential combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy improves progression-free survival (PFS) in high-risk endometrial cancer. (diva-portal.org)
534 evaluable) with operated endometrial cancer International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (FIGO) stage I-III with no residual tumour andprognostic factors implying high-risk were randomly allocated to adjuvant radiotherapy with or without sequential chemotherapy. (diva-portal.org)
A remaining question for future studies is if addition of radiotherapy to chemotherapy improves the results. (diva-portal.org)
Patients with primary, high-grade soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities will undergo treatment of their primary tumor with either amputation or limb-sparing surgery and radiotherapy, and then be randomized to either observation or adjuvant treatment with doxorubicin and ifosfamide with mesna (with G-CSF) for five cycles beginning post-operatively. (bioportfolio.com)
The purpose of the present study is to assess the feasibility and the potential impact of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in a series of patients treated in one institution. (biomedcentral.com)
We agree with Krzysztof and Magdalena Bujko that a meta-analysis of individual patients' data is needed to resolve whether adjuvant chemotherapy produces worthwhile benefits in patients with rectal cancer who receive preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy. (warwick.ac.uk)
The QUASAR study does, however, provide no reason to believe that chemotherapy is any more or less effective among patients who also receive radiotherapy. (warwick.ac.uk)

Overall, 81% of women received anthracycline-based chemotherapy. (ascopost.com)
Although anthracycline-based chemotherapy has produced a modest improvement in DFS and OS over CMF (cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil) polychemotherapy regimens ( 1 ), this benefit seems to be largely confined to the subset of patients with amplification of the erb-B2/neu or topoisomerase II α genes or overexpression of the corresponding proteins ( 2 - 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Background: Use of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer (EBC) has been well established but is often associated with cardiotoxicity. (uni-muenchen.de)
A total of 47 breast cancer patients who were scheduled to receive postoperative adjuvant anthracycline‑based chemotherapy, i.e., 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU) + cyclophosphamide + epirubicin (FEC regimen), 5‑FU + cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin/pirarubicin (FAC regimen), cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin/pirarubicin (AC regimen) and cyclophosphamide + epirubicin (EC regimen), were entered in the study. (spandidos-publications.com)
Thus, LEM appears to be a useful oral adjuvant for patients receiving anthracycline‑based chemotherapy. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, patients on a

Anatomy4

Organisms3

Diseases73

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment75

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science2

Health Care31

Serum sErbB1 and epidermal growth factor levels as tumor biomarkers in women with stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer. (1/4884)

Multimodality therapy for locally advanced and limited stage IV breast cancer: the impact of effective non-cross-resistance late-consolidation chemotherapy. (2/4884)

Necrosis correlates with high vascular density and focal macrophage infiltration in invasive carcinoma of the breast. (3/4884)

Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children's Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study. (4/4884)

Pamidronate reduces skeletal morbidity in women with advanced breast cancer and lytic bone lesions: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Protocol 18 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. (5/4884)

Combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. (6/4884)

Multi-institutional melanoma lymphatic mapping experience: the prognostic value of sentinel lymph node status in 612 stage I or II melanoma patients. (7/4884)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast carcinoma larger than 3 cm: a unicentre randomized trial with a 124-month median follow-up. Institut Bergonie Bordeaux Groupe Sein (IBBGS). (8/4884)

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Combined Modality Therapy

Freund's Adjuvant

Antineoplastic Agents

Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

Cisplatin

Cyclophosphamide

Treatment Outcome

Doxorubicin

Breast Neoplasms

Disease-Free Survival

Neoplasm Staging

Neoadjuvant Therapy

Survival Analysis

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic

Prognosis

Survival Rate

Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Methotrexate

Drug Administration Schedule

Etoposide

Lung Neoplasms

Paclitaxel

Carboplatin

Vinblastine

Taxoids

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic

Follow-Up Studies

Induction Chemotherapy

Anthracyclines

Organoplatinum Compounds

Drug Resistance, Neoplasm

Deoxycytidine

Ifosfamide

Neoplasms

Bleomycin

Adenocarcinoma

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating

Time Factors

Neoplasm Metastasis

Tamoxifen

Lymphatic Metastasis

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

Clinical Trials as Topic

Salvage Therapy

Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion

Kaplan-Meier Estimate

Colorectal Neoplasms

Testicular Neoplasms

Ovarian Neoplasms

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Cytarabine

Radiotherapy

Prospective Studies

Neutropenia

Aluminum Hydroxide

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic

Dacarbazine

Vomiting

Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Nausea

Transplantation, Autologous

Tumor Markers, Biological

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic

Brain Neoplasms

Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Lomustine

Tegafur

Bone Neoplasms

Hodgkin Disease

Stomach Neoplasms

Recurrence

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

Mitomycin

Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Carmustine