Chemotherapy adjuvant. Medical search

Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.

An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

Preliminary cancer therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone/endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, etc.) that precedes a necessary second modality of treatment.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

Agents that aid or increase the action of the principle drug (DRUG SYNERGISM) or that affect the absorption, mechanism of action, metabolism, or excretion of the primary drug (PHARMACOKINETICS) in such a way as to enhance its effects.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.

An antineoplastic antimetabolite with immunosuppressant properties. It is an inhibitor of TETRAHYDROFOLATE DEHYDROGENASE and prevents the formation of tetrahydrofolate, necessary for synthesis of thymidylate, an essential component of DNA.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Etoposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent entry into the mitotic phase of cell division, and lead to cell death. Etoposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cell cycle.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.

An organoplatinum compound that possesses antineoplastic activity.

Antitumor alkaloid isolated from Vinca rosea. (Merck, 11th ed.)

A group of diterpenoid CYCLODECANES named for the taxanes that were discovered in the TAXUS tree. The action on MICROTUBULES has made some of them useful as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.

Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Initial drug treatment designed to bring about REMISSION INDUCTION. It is typically a short-term and high-dose drug treatment that is followed by CONSOLIDATION CHEMOTHERAPY and then MAINTENANCE CHEMOTHERAPY.

Organic compounds that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.

Organic compounds which contain platinum as an integral part of the molecule.

Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.

Positional isomer of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE which is active as an alkylating agent and an immunosuppressive agent.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

A class of drugs that differs from other alkylating agents used clinically in that they are monofunctional and thus unable to cross-link cellular macromolecules. Among their common properties are a requirement for metabolic activation to intermediates with antitumor efficacy and the presence in their chemical structures of N-methyl groups, that after metabolism, can covalently modify cellular DNA. The precise mechanisms by which each of these drugs acts to kill tumor cells are not completely understood. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2026)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.

One of the SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS with tissue-specific activities. Tamoxifen acts as an anti-estrogen (inhibiting agent) in the mammary tissue, but as an estrogen (stimulating agent) in cholesterol metabolism, bone density, and cell proliferation in the ENDOMETRIUM.

Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.

A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

A therapeutic approach, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, after initial regimens have failed to lead to improvement in a patient's condition. Salvage therapy is most often used for neoplastic diseases.

Neoplasm drug therapy involving an extracorporeal circuit with temporary exclusion of the tumor-bearing area from the general circulation during which high concentrations of the drug are perfused to the isolated part.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.

Tumors or cancer of the TESTIS. Germ cell tumors (GERMINOMA) of the testis constitute 95% of all testicular neoplasms.

Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.

Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)

A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)

The use of IONIZING RADIATION to treat malignant NEOPLASMS and some benign conditions.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A decrease in the number of NEUTROPHILS found in the blood.

A compound with many biomedical applications: as a gastric antacid, an antiperspirant, in dentifrices, as an emulsifier, as an adjuvant in bacterins and vaccines, in water purification, etc.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

An antineoplastic agent. It has significant activity against melanomas. (from Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed, p564)

The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.

Transplantation of an individual's own tissue from one site to another site.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.

Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.

An alkylating agent of value against both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.

Congener of FLUOROURACIL with comparable antineoplastic action. It has been suggested especially for the treatment of breast neoplasms.

Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.

A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.

Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.

An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.

Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS.

A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A sarcoma originating in bone-forming cells, affecting the ends of long bones. It is the most common and most malignant of sarcomas of the bones, and occurs chiefly among 10- to 25-year-old youths. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.

An alkaloid isolated from the stem wood of the Chinese tree, Camptotheca acuminata. This compound selectively inhibits the nuclear enzyme DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I. Several semisynthetic analogs of camptothecin have demonstrated antitumor activity.

The total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy.

Inorganic compounds which contain platinum as the central atom.

Surgical procedure to remove one or both breasts.

Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed).

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Regional infusion of drugs via an arterial catheter. Often a pump is used to impel the drug through the catheter. Used in therapy of cancer, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, infection, and peripheral vascular disease.

An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.

A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.

Tumors or cancer of the COLON.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

The use of DRUGS to treat a DISEASE or its symptoms. One example is the use of ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to treat CANCER.

A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.

Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.

Care alleviating symptoms without curing the underlying disease. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING.

An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.

Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.

Works about comparative studies to verify the effectiveness of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques determined in phase II studies. During these trials, patients are monitored closely by physicians to identify any adverse reactions from long-term use. These studies are performed on groups of patients large enough to identify clinically significant responses and usually last about three years. This concept includes phase III studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.

A malignant neoplasm of the germinal tissue of the GONADS; MEDIASTINUM; or pineal region. Germinomas are uniform in appearance, consisting of large, round cells with vesicular nuclei and clear or finely granular eosinophilic-staining cytoplasm. (Stedman, 265th ed; from DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, pp1642-3)

Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain multiple rings and share one or more atoms.

The application of probability and statistical methods to calculate the risk of occurrence of any event, such as onset of illness, recurrent disease, hospitalization, disability, or death. It may include calculation of the anticipated money costs of such events and of the premiums necessary to provide for payment of such costs.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of neoplasms.

Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Antagonist of urate oxidase.

Abnormally high temperature intentionally induced in living things regionally or whole body. It is most often induced by radiation (heat waves, infra-red), ultrasound, or drugs.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

Vinblastine derivative with antineoplastic activity against CANCER. Major side effects are myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Vindesine is used extensively in chemotherapy protocols (ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS).

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.

Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.

Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)

Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.

Manipulation of the host's immune system in treatment of disease. It includes both active and passive immunization as well as immunosuppressive therapy to prevent graft rejection.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.

Remnant of a tumor or cancer after primary, potentially curative therapy. (Dr. Daniel Masys, written communication)

A subnormal level of BLOOD PLATELETS.

A radiosensitive, malignant neoplasm of the testis, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. There are three variants: classical (typical), the most common type; anaplastic; and spermatocytic. The classical seminoma is composed of fairly well differentiated sheets or cords of uniform polygonal or round cells (seminoma cells), each cell having abundant clear cytoplasm, distinct cell membranes, a centrally placed round nucleus, and one or more nucleoli. In the female, a grossly and histologically identical neoplasm, known as dysgerminoma, occurs. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Surgical excision of one or more lymph nodes. Its most common use is in cancer surgery. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p966)

Treatment that combines chemotherapy with radiotherapy.

The exposure of the head to roentgen rays or other forms of radioactivity for therapeutic or preventive purposes.

Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".

Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Treatment designed to help prevent a relapse of a disease following the successful primary treatments (INDUCTION CHEMOTHERAPY and CONSOLIDATION CHEMOTHERAPY) with a long-term low-dose drug therapy.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines designed to prevent or treat cancer. Vaccines are produced using the patient's own whole tumor cells as the source of antigens, or using tumor-specific antigens, often recombinantly produced.

Clinical protocols used to inhibit the growth or spread of NEOPLASMS.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

ARTHRITIS that is induced in experimental animals. Immunological methods and infectious agents can be used to develop experimental arthritis models. These methods include injections of stimulators of the immune response, such as an adjuvant (ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC) or COLLAGEN.

Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

Neoplasms of whatever cell type or origin, occurring in the extraskeletal connective tissue framework of the body including the organs of locomotion and their various component structures, such as nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, etc.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Compounds that inhibit AROMATASE in order to reduce production of estrogenic steroid hormones.

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.

Antibodies obtained from a single clone of cells grown in mice or rats.

Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.

Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.

Removal of only enough breast tissue to ensure that the margins of the resected surgical specimen are free of tumor.

Tumors or cancer of the MEDIASTINUM.

Excision of the whole (total gastrectomy) or part (subtotal gastrectomy, partial gastrectomy, gastric resection) of the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A sulfhydryl compound used to prevent urothelial toxicity by inactivating metabolites from ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS, such as IFOSFAMIDE or CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE.

Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.

An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.

Used for excision of the urinary bladder.

Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.

Works about studies that are usually controlled to assess the effectiveness and dosage (if appropriate) of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques. These studies are performed on several hundred volunteers, including a limited number of patients with the target disease or disorder, and last about two years. This concept includes phase II studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.

INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.

The period before MENOPAUSE. In premenopausal women, the climacteric transition from full sexual maturity to cessation of ovarian cycle takes place between the age of late thirty and early fifty.

Antineoplastic agent especially effective against malignant brain tumors. The resistance which brain tumor cells acquire to the initial effectiveness of this drug can be partially overcome by the simultaneous use of membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists such as nicardipine or verapamil, or the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine. The drug has also been used in combination with other antineoplastic agents or with radiotherapy for the treatment of various neoplasms.

Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.

Tumors or cancer of the NASOPHARYNX.

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

A group of methylazirinopyrroloindolediones obtained from certain Streptomyces strains. They are very toxic antibiotics used as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS in some solid tumors. PORFIROMYCIN and MITOMYCIN are the most useful members of the group.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Forceful administration under the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the skin.

A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Dysgerminomas comprise 16% of all germ cell tumors but are rare before the age of 10, although nearly 50% occur before the age of 20. They are generally considered of low-grade malignancy but may spread if the tumor extends through its capsule and involves lymph nodes or blood vessels. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1646)

Administration of the total dose of radiation (RADIATION DOSAGE) in parts, at timed intervals.

A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Nonsusceptibility to the pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or antigenic substances as a result of antibody secretions of the mucous membranes. Mucosal epithelia in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts produce a form of IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) that serves to protect these ports of entry into the body.

An INFLAMMATION of the MUCOSA with burning or tingling sensation. It is characterized by atrophy of the squamous EPITHELIUM, vascular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and ulceration. It usually occurs at the mucous lining of the MOUTH, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT or the airway due to chemical irritations, CHEMOTHERAPY, or radiation therapy (RADIOTHERAPY).

Serum sErbB1 and epidermal growth factor levels as tumor biomarkers in women with stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer. (1/4884)

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a high mortality rate, which is due primarily to the fact that early clinical symptoms are vague and nonspecific; hence, this disease often goes undetected and untreated until in its advanced stages. Sensitive and reliable methods for detecting earlier stages of EOC are, therefore, urgently needed. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a ligand for EGF receptor (ErbB1); this receptor is the product of the c-erbB1 proto-oncogene. ErbB1 overexpression is common in human ovarian carcinoma-derived cell lines and tumors, in which overexpression is thought to play a critical role in tumor etiology and progression. Furthermore, ErbB1 overexpression is associated with disease recurrence and decreased patient survival. Recently, we have developed an acridinium-linked immunosorbent assay that detects a approximately 110-kDa soluble analogue of ErbB1, ie., sErbB1, in serum samples from healthy men and women (A. T. Baron, et al., J. Immunol. Methods, 219: 23-43, 1998). Here, we demonstrate that serum p110 sErbB1 levels are significantly lower in EOC patients with stage III or IV disease prior to (P < 0.0001) and shortly after (P < 0.0001) cytoreductive staging laparotomy than in healthy women of similar ages, whereas EGF levels are significantly higher than those of age-matched healthy women only in serum samples collected shortly after tumor debulking surgery (P < 0.0001). We observe that the preoperative serum sErbB1 concentration range of advanced stage EOC patients barely overlaps with the serum sErbB1 concentration range of healthy women. In addition, we show that serum sErbB1 and EGF levels changed temporally for some EOC patients who were surgically debulked of tumor and who provided a second serum sample during the course of combination chemotherapy. Finally, we observe a significant positive association between sErbB1 and EGF levels only in serum samples of EOC patients collected prior to cytoreductive surgery (correlation coefficient = 0.61968; P = 0.0027). These data suggest that epithelial ovarian tumors concomitantly affect serum sErbB1 and EGF levels. In conclusion, these data indicate that serum sErbB1 and EGF (postoperative only) levels are significantly different between EOC patients and healthy women and that altered and/or changing serum sErbB1 and EGF levels may provide important diagnostic and/or prognostic information useful for the management of patients with EOC. (+info)

Multimodality therapy for locally advanced and limited stage IV breast cancer: the impact of effective non-cross-resistance late-consolidation chemotherapy. (2/4884)

To determine the effectiveness of non-cross-resistant late-consolidation chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and stage IV breast cancer, we review our experience with two regimens. Between 1985 and 1991, we enrolled 56 patients with LABC, who were treated with a doxorubicin-based adjuvant regimen, followed by a late-consolidation non-cross-resistant regimen containing methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide. Between 1985 and 1996, a total of 45 patients with limited stage IV breast cancer underwent surgical excision of all evaluable disease, making them metastatic (stage IV) with no evaluable disease. Surgery was followed by a doxorubicin-containing regimen and then a late-consolidation non-cross-resistant regimen, which was either methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatinum, and cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. Twenty-four patients with limited bone metastases that were unresectable were treated with a doxorubicin-containing regimen, radiation therapy to all sites of disease, and then one of the two late non-cross-resistant regimens. With a median follow-up of 84 months, 78% of patients with LABC are alive, and 68% are free of disease. After a median follow-up of 44 months, 53% of patients with stage IV with no evaluable disease are alive and free of disease. The use of non-cross-resistant late-consolidation chemotherapy is an effective strategy in the treatment of patients with LABC and selected patients with limited stage IV breast cancer. (+info)

Necrosis correlates with high vascular density and focal macrophage infiltration in invasive carcinoma of the breast. (3/4884)

Necrosis is a common feature of invasive carcinoma of the breast and is caused by chronic ischaemia leading to infarction. Although necrosis was previously assumed to be due to a generally poor blood supply in the tumour, in this study we show that it is present in tumours with focal areas of high vascular density situated away from the actual sites of necrosis. This may account, in part, for the previous observation that necrosis is linked to poor prognosis in this disease. Highly angiogenic tumours often display blood vessel shunting from one tumour area to another, which further exacerbates ischaemia and the formation of tumour necrosis. We have recently demonstrated that high focal microphage infiltration into breast tumours is significantly associated with increased tumour angiogenesis and poor prognosis and that the macrophages accumulate in poorly vascularized, hypoxic areas within breast tumours. In order to investigate the interactions of macrophages with chronic ischaemia (as reflected by the presence of necrosis) and angiogenesis in breast tumours, we quantified the levels of these three biological parameters in a series of 109 consecutive invasive breast carcinomas. We found that the degree of tumour necrosis was correlated with both microphage infiltration (Mann-Whitney U, P-value = 0.0009; chi-square, P-value = 0.01) and angiogenesis (Mann-Whitney U P-value = 0.0008, chi square P-value = 0.03). It was also observed that necrosis was a feature of tumours possessing an aggressive phenotype, i.e. high tumour grade (chi-square, P-value < 0.001), larger size (Mann-Whitney U, P-value = 0.003) and low oestrogen receptor status (Mann-Whitney U, P-value = 0.008; chi-square, P-value < 0.008). We suggest, therefore, that aggressive tumours rapidly outgrow their vascular supply in certain areas, leading to areas of prolonged hypoxia within the tumour and, subsequently, to necrosis. This, in turn, may attract macrophages into the tumour, which then contribute to the angiogenic process, giving rise to an association between high levels of angiogenesis and extensive necrosis. (+info)

Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children's Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study. (4/4884)

PURPOSE: From 1986 to 1992, "eight-drugs-in-one-day" (8-in-1) chemotherapy both before and after radiation therapy (XRT) (54 Gy tumor/36 Gy neuraxis) was compared with vincristine, lomustine (CCNU), and prednisone (VCP) after XRT in children with untreated, high-stage medulloblastoma (MB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred three eligible patients with an institutional diagnosis of MB were stratified by local invasion and metastatic stage (Chang T/M) and randomized to therapy. Median time at risk from study entry was 7.0 years. RESULTS: Survival and progression-free survival (PFS) +/- SE at 7 years were 55%+/-5% and 54%+/-5%, respectively. VCP was superior to 8-in-1 chemotherapy, with 5-year PFS rates of 63%+/-5% versus 45%+/-5%, respectively (P = .006). Upon central neuropathology review, 188 patients were confirmed as having MB and were the subjects for analyses of prognostic factors. Children aged 1.5 to younger than 3 years had inferior 5-year estimates of PFS, compared with children 3 years old or older (P = .0014; 32%+/-10% v 58%+/-4%, respectively). For MB patients 3 years of age or older, the prognostic effect of tumor spread (MO v M1 v M2+) on PFS was powerful (P = .0006); 5-year PFS rates were 70%+/-5%, 57%+/-10%, and 40%+/-8%, respectively. PFS distributions at 5 years for patients with M0 tumors with less than 1.5 cm2 of residual tumor, versus > or = 1.5 cm2 of residual tumor by scan, were significantly different (P = .023; 78%+/-6% v 54%+/-11%, respectively). CONCLUSION: VCP plus XRT is a superior adjuvant combination compared with 8-in-1 chemotherapy plus XRT. For patients with M0 tumors, residual tumor bulk (not extent of resection) is a predictor for PFS. Patients with M0 tumors, > or = 3 years with < or = 1.5 cm2 residual tumor, had a 78%+/-6% 5-year PFS rate. Children younger than 3 years old who received a reduced XRT dosage had the lowest survival rate. (+info)

Pamidronate reduces skeletal morbidity in women with advanced breast cancer and lytic bone lesions: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Protocol 18 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. (5/4884)

PURPOSE: To assess whether pamidronate can reduce the frequency of skeletal morbidity in women with lytic bone metastases from breast cancer treated with hormone therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three hundred seventy-two women with breast cancer who had at least one lytic bone lesion and who were receiving hormonal therapy were randomized to receive 90 mg of pamidronate or placebo as a 2-hour intravenous infusion given in double-blind fashion every 4 weeks for 24 cycles. Patients were evaluated for skeletal complications: pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, irradiation of or surgery on bone, or hypercalcemia. The skeletal morbidity rate (the ratio of the number of skeletal complications to the time on trial) was the primary efficacy variable. Bone pain, use of analgesics, quality of life, performance status, bone tumor response, and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-two patients who received pamidronate and 189 who received placebo were assessable. The skeletal morbidity rate was significantly reduced at 12, 18, and 24 cycles in patients treated with 90 mg of pamidronate (P = .028, .023, and .008, respectively). At 24 cycles, the proportion of patients having had any skeletal complication was 56% in the pamidronate group and 67% in the placebo group (P = .027). The time to the first skeletal complication was longer for patients receiving pamidronate than for those given placebo (P = .049). There was no statistical difference in survival or in objective bone response rate. Pamidronate was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Treatment with 90 mg of pamidronate as a 2-hour intravenous infusion every 4 weeks in addition to hormonal therapy significantly reduces skeletal morbidity from osteolytic metastases. (+info)

Combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. (6/4884)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer pretreated with leucovorin-modulated fluoropyrimidines. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, who progressed while receiving or within 6 months after discontinuing palliative chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidines/leucovorin, were enrolled onto this study. Treatment consisted of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on days 1 + 15 and irinotecan 80 mg/m2 on days 1 + 8 + 15 every 4 weeks. Depending on the absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) on the day of scheduled chemotherapeutic drug administration, a 5-day course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 5 microg/kg/d was given. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42% for all 36 assessable patients (95% confidence interval, 26% to 59%), including two complete remissions (6%). Thirteen additional patients (36%) had stable disease, and only eight (22%) progressed. The median time to treatment failure was 7.5 months (range, 1 to 13.5+ months). After a median follow-up time of 14 months, 19 patients (53%) are still alive. Hematologic toxicity was commonly observed, although according to the ANC-adapted use of G-CSF (in 31 patients during 81 of 174 courses), it was generally mild: grade 3 and 4 granulocytopenia occurred in only five and two cases, respectively. The most frequent nonhematologic adverse reactions were nausea/emesis and diarrhea, which were rated severe in 17% and 19%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the combination of irinotecan and oxaliplatin with or without G-CSF has substantial antitumor activity in patients with progressive fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. Overall toxicity was modest, with gastrointestinal symptoms constituting the dose-limiting side effects. Further evaluation of this regimen seems warranted. (+info)

Multi-institutional melanoma lymphatic mapping experience: the prognostic value of sentinel lymph node status in 612 stage I or II melanoma patients. (7/4884)

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of pathologic sentinel lymph node (SLN) status with that of other known prognostic factors on recurrence and survival in patients with stage I or II cutaneous melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 612 patients with primary cutaneous melanoma who underwent lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy between January 1991 and May 1995 to determine the effects of tumor thickness, ulceration, Clark level, location, sex, and SLN pathologic status on disease-free and disease-specific survival. RESULTS: In the 580 patients in whom lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy were successful, the SLN was positive by conventional histology in 85 patients (15%) but negative in 495 patients (85%). SLN status was the most significant prognostic factor with respect to disease-free and disease-specific survival by univariate and multiple covariate analyses. Although tumor thickness and ulceration influenced survival in SLN-negative patients, they provided no additional prognostic information in SLN-positive patients. CONCLUSION: Lymphatic mapping and SLN biopsy is highly accurate in staging nodal basins at risk for regional metastases in primary melanoma patients and identifies those who may benefit from earlier lymphadenectomy. Furthermore, pathologic status of the SLN in these patients with clinically negative nodes is the most important prognostic factor for recurrence. The information from SLN biopsy is particularly helpful in establishing stratification criteria for future adjuvant trials. (+info)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast carcinoma larger than 3 cm: a unicentre randomized trial with a 124-month median follow-up. Institut Bergonie Bordeaux Groupe Sein (IBBGS). (8/4884)

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves overall survival and renders possible breast-conserving treatment in locally advanced breast cancer. It was necessary for this method to be evaluated in operable breast tumors too large to be treated immediately by conserving surgery. Initial results of this randomized trial were published in Annals of Oncology (1991). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with T2 > 3 cm or T3 N0-1 M0 breast tumors were treated by either initial mastectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjusted locoregional treatment. Chemotherapy was the same in the two arms. The prognostic and predictive factors of response to chemotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS: Conserving treatments were performed in 63% at the end of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and this rate had decreased to 45% at the median follow-up of 124 months. Survivals are identical in the two treatment groups. Initial clinical tumor size < 40 mm, IHC-ER < 10% and Mib1 > 40% are predictive of tumor response to chemotherapy by uni- and multivariate analyses. For outcome prediction, c-erb-B2 > 0% is the independent prognostic factor for overall and metastasis-free survivals. CONCLUSION: Breast-conserving therapy can be performed in more than half of all cases without alteration of survival, despite a non-negligible rate of local recurrences. (+info)

Adjuvant chemotherapy appears to be ineffective in people with completely resected tumors. The role of combined ... If the tumor can be removed surgically, people may receive adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy after the operation to ... October 2002). "Is postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy useful for gallbladder carcinoma? A phase III multicenter prospective ... then adjuvant therapy with radiation and possibly chemotherapy is generally recommended based on the available data. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholangiocarcinoma

November 2008). "Retrospective review of adjuvant chemotherapy for esthesioneuroblastoma". Journal of Neuro-Oncology. 90 (2): ... then for radiotherapy and chemotherapy (51%), just surgery (48%), surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (47%) and finally just ... Chemotherapy is used in a multimodality treatment plan generally for more advanced, unresectable or reoccurring tumors. ... More progressed, higher grade tumors would result in chemotherapy or radiotherapy as the only treatment. It is no surprise that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esthesioneuroblastoma

January 2016). "Is adjuvant chemotherapy indicated in ovarian immature teratomas? A combined data analysis from the Malignant ... Tay SK, Tan LK (January 2000). "Experience of a 2-day BEP regimen in postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy of ovarian germ cell ... In adult women postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is standard except for stage I /grade 1 disease. In pediatric patients, ... However, these results antedate the use of multi-agent chemotherapy. With the advent of multiagent chemotherapy after surgical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immature_teratoma

Falcetta FS, Medeiros LR, Edelweiss MI, Pohlmann PR, Stein AT, Rosa DD (November 2016). "Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy ... "Adjuvant chemotherapy after concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer". The Cochrane Database of ... which then usually requires adjuvant radiation therapy), or cisplatin chemotherapy followed by hysterectomy. When cisplatin is ... In addition, chemotherapy can be used to treat cervical cancer, and has been found to be more effective than radiation alone. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_cancer

Albain, K. S.; Paik, S.; Van't Veer, L. (2009). "Prediction of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in endocrine responsive, early ... October 2005). "Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2+ breast cancer". The New England Journal of Medicine. ... The choice of established chemotherapy medications, if chemotherapy is needed, may also be affected by DNA assays that predict ... Adjuvant! is based on US cohorts and presents colored bar charts that display information that may assist in decisions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer_classification

Standard treatment is surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgery is primarily used for early stage disease ... adjuvant, or metastatic disease should be offered PARP inhibitor rather than chemotherapy. Sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy ) is ... Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (before surgery) is very frequently used for triple-negative breast cancers as they are more ... Chemotherapy used to treat early stage cancers are: anthracyclines alkalating agents such as cisplatin and carboplatin. These ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple-negative_breast_cancer

"Adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for early stage cervical cancer". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 11: ... These drugs are used to treat almost half of people receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In this form of chemotherapy, commonly ... the addition of cisplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy led to a marked increase in disease-free survival rates for patients with ... Oun R, Moussa YE, Wheate NJ (2018). "The side effects of platinum-based chemotherapy drugs: a review for chemists". Dalton ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum-based_antineoplastic

October 2005). "Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer". The New England Journal of Medicine. ... August 2010). "Trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for treatment of HER2-positive advanced ... Drugs used for chemotherapy are too toxic to give to healthy individuals, which makes it difficult to perform genetic studies ... Then, in 2005, it was shown that trastuzumab is effective as an adjuvant treatment in women with early-stage breast cancer. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_pharmacogenomics

Systemic chemotherapy may be administered as additional or adjuvant treatment. Due to the increased availability of new ... some patients have experienced stability in tumor growth with systemic chemotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy is generally ... Chemotherapy (typically utilising the chemotherapeutic agent Mitomycin C) may be infused directly into the abdominal cavity ... Some surgeons also apply early post-operative intraperitonial chemotherapy (EPIC), adjunct to surgical cytoreduction and HIPEC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomyxoma_peritonei

February 2013). "Adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after surgery for uterine carcinosarcoma". The Cochrane Database of ... who were treated with combination chemotherapy including Ifosfamide, were at lower risk of disease progression and death than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_Müllerian_tumor

February 1976). "Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer". N. Engl. J. Med. 294 (8): 405-10 ... ISBN 978-1-4391-0795-9. Time line for cancer chemotherapy A time line of milestones in cancer chemotherapy from the National ... proved that adjuvant chemotherapy after complete surgical resection of breast tumours significantly extended survival - ... The era of cancer chemotherapy began in the 1940s with the first use of nitrogen mustards and folic acid antagonist drugs. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_cancer_chemotherapy

Adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in malignant SFT remains controversial. SFT was first mentioned in the scientific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary_fibrous_tumor

"Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer". The New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (16 ... adjuvant treatment of breast cancer, the treatments of metastatic HER2+ breast cancer, cardiotoxicity, as well as health care ... the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), and the National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_M._Swain

Adjuvant chemotherapy in older women with early-stage breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360:2055-2065. Sikov ... Adjuvant Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab for Node-Negative, HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372: ... Estrogen-Receptor Status and Outcomes of Modern Chemotherapy for Patients with Node-Positive Breast Cancer. JAMA. 2006;295:1658 ... assessing the use of aspirin as adjuvant therapy for node-positive breast cancer patients. Winer has authored over 400 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Winer

Medications used after and in addition to surgery are called adjuvant therapy. Chemotherapy or other types of therapy prior to ... October 2005). "Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer". The New England Journal of ... Also, when chemotherapy is being given after birth, many of the drugs pass through breast milk to the baby, which could harm ... Chemotherapy is predominantly used for cases of breast cancer in stages 2-4, and is particularly beneficial in estrogen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer

"Combination Chemotherapy as an Adjuvant Treatment in Operable Breast Cancer". New England Journal of Medicine. 294 (8): 405-410 ... technique for breast conserving surgery and initiated the first trials investigating the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in ... Rizzoli, Milan "History". Pinedo, Herbert (1979) Cancer Chemotherapy. Elsevier Science Publishing Company BV. ISBN ... and author of early editions of Cancer Chemotherapy; Franco Cavalli, a Swiss haematologist and founding member of the European ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_School_of_Oncology

There is evidence to suggest that doxorubicin chemotherapy as an adjuvant can reduce recurrence at the original site or ... "Adjuvant chemotherapy for localised resectable soft tissue sarcoma in adults". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2000 (4 ... The use of chemotherapy to prevent the spread of soft-tissue sarcomas has not been proven to be effective. If the cancer has ... Chemotherapy may be used with radiation therapy either before or after surgery to try to shrink the tumor or kill any remaining ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft-tissue_sarcoma

Sakuramoto (1 November 2007). "Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer with S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine". NEJM. 357 (18): ... in Japan for most cancers while overall survival tend to be longer in the US due to the more aggressive use of chemotherapy in ... cancer is better in Japan than the US in both patients treated with surgery alone and surgery followed by chemotherapy. Japan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_care_system_in_Japan

September 2006). "DNA repair by ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy". The New England ... ERCC1-positive NSCLC tumors do not benefit from adjuvant platinum chemotherapy. However, ERCC1-negative NSCLC tumors, ... derive substantial benefit from adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy. High ERCC1 is thus a negative predictive marker, ... Olaussen KA, Mountzios G, Soria JC (July 2007). "ERCC1 as a risk stratifier in platinum-based chemotherapy for nonsmall-cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ERCC1

2005). "Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer". New England Journal of Medicine. 353 ... 2005). "Trastuzumab after adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer". New England Journal of Medicine. 353 (16): ... 2006). "Adjuvant docetaxel or vinorelbine with or without trastuzumab for breast cancer". N Engl J Med. 354 (8): 809-20. doi: ... It may be used by itself or together with other chemotherapy medication. Trastuzumab is given by slow injection into a vein and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trastuzumab

They are treated with surgery and adjuvant platinum chemotherapy or radiation. Yolk sac tumors, formerly called endodermal ... Most germ-cell cancers have a better prognosis than other subtypes and are more sensitive to chemotherapy. They are more likely ... Treatment usually includes some combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Outcomes depend on the extent of ... Clear-cell ovarian carcinomas do not typically respond well to chemotherapy due to intrinsic chemoresistance therefore ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovarian_cancer

Patients with ICCB may also receive adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. In the Seer study, 52.2% were treated with ... The chemotherapy regimens used to treat ICCB have included triple therapy with cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and fluorouracil, ... In more recent studies, virtually all individuals have been treated with adjuvant hormonal therapy drugs, such as letrozole or ... chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and long-term treatment with tamoxifen followed by letrozole. Mo CH, Ackbarkhan Z, Gu YY, Chen G, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_cribriform_carcinoma_of_the_breast

Stanojevic Z, Djordjevic B, Todorovska I, Lilic V, Zivadinovic R, Dunjic O (2008). "Risk factors and adjuvant chemotherapy in ... If the tumor has spread surgery is cytoreductive followed by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. The five years survival was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_clear-cell_carcinoma

Surgical treatments are typically followed by adjuvant, usually platinum-based, chemotherapy. Radiation therapy has been ... 1991). "Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy in carcinoma of the fallopian tube". Gynecol Oncol. 42 (2): 156-160. doi: ... the patients with advanced stage disease survived 5 years with a surgical approach followed by cisplatinum-based chemotherapy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallopian_tube_cancer

For later stages, adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve patient survival. Lymphadenectomy and lymph node chemotherapy ... "Trends in surgery and chemotherapy for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the United States, J Clin Oncol, 21 (18) (2003), ... Wright, J.D.; Doan, T.; McBride, R.; Jacobson, J.S.; Hershman, D.L. (2008). "Variability in chemotherapy delivery for elderly ... Zeimet, A.G.; Reimer, D.; Concin, N.; Braun, S.; Marth, C. (2008). "Primary chemotherapy and maintenance therapy in epithelial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynecologic_cancer_disparities_in_the_United_States

These micrometastases can be treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and can reduce relapse rates caused by these disseminated cells ... 59 Intensification chemotherapy is identical to consolidation chemotherapy but a different drug than the induction chemotherapy ... Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent or it may aim to prolong life or to palliate symptoms. Induction chemotherapy ... This type of chemotherapy is used for curative intent.: 55-59 Combined modality chemotherapy is the use of drugs with other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotherapy

"Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy in resectable pancreatic cancer: a randomised controlled trial". The Lancet. 358 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus_Büchler

Yamamoto M, Arii S, Sugahara K, Tobe T (Mar 1996). "Adjuvant oral chemotherapy to prevent recurrence after curative resection ... Carmofur has also been used as adjuvant chemotherapy for curatively resected colorectal cancer patients in China, Japan, and ... Baehring JM, Fulbright RK (May 2008). "Delayed leukoencephalopathy with stroke-like presentation in chemotherapy recipients". J ... "An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of Adjuvant Therapy with Carmofur in Patients with Curatively Resected Colon Cancer". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmofur

"Arginine as an adjuvant to chemotherapy improves clinical outcome in active tuberculosis". European Respiratory Journal. 21 (3 ... Most such patients require adjuvant surgery for any hope of a cure. MDR-TB is widespread in Somalia, where 8.7% of newly ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 53 (8): 3181-9. doi:10.1128/AAC.01577-08. PMC 2715638. PMID 19451293. Gillespie, S. H. ( ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 38 (9): 2054-8. doi:10.1128/AAC.38.9.2054. PMC 284683. PMID 7811018. "FDA Press Release ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidrug-resistant_tuberculosis

Higher tumour grades may benefit from adjuvant treatment such as platinum-based chemotherapy. Optimal debulking is used to ... Platinum-based chemotherapy is paramount to treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Carboplatin tends to fare better than ... There is a lack of randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes between chemotherapy and optimal debulking, so the current ... Interval debulking surgery may be employed halfway through chemotherapy following primary surgery if tumour remains above 1 cm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynecologic_oncology

... implication for the efficacy of uracil and tegafur-based adjuvant chemotherapy". Oncology Reports. 18 (1): 59-64. doi:10.3892/ ... and its ratio to dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase influence outcome following fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for metastatic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uridine_monophosphate_synthase

... adjuvant radiation therapy (57.3), adjuvant chemotherapy (16.1%), or adjuvant or non-adjuvant endocrine therapy (64.0%); ... 7 received adjuvant radiation therapy, 3 received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 19 received adjuvant hormonal therapy. In a follow ... Adjuvant chemotherapy (e.g. an orally taken preparation of the chemotherapeutic drug, 5-Fluorouracil,) and/or hormonal therapy ... IPC tumors have most commonly been treated with lumpectomies or mastectomies plus adjuvant radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_carcinomas_of_the_breast

However, one such patient treated with a radical cystectomy followed by combined S-1 and Cisplatin adjuvant chemotherapy did ... Chemotherapy has relatively poor curative efficacy in SRCC patients and overall survival rates are lower compared to patients ... with invasive signet-ring cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder managed by combined s-1 and Cisplatin adjuvant chemotherapy". ... There is no combination of chemotherapy which is clearly superior to others, but most active regimens include 5-Fluorouracil (5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signet_ring_cell_carcinoma

... therapy is used (in combination with chemotherapy and radiation) as a treatment for some cancers. This treatment can ... "Practical guidelines for the management of interferon-alpha-2b side effects in patients receiving adjuvant treatment for ... Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 62 (2). doi:10.1128/AAC.01711-17. PMC 5786809. PMID 29133569. Kolata, Gina (2015-01-22 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

"Effects of resistance exercise on fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy: A ... controlled trial of resistance training in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant radiotherapy: results on cancer-related ... of progressive resistance training compared to progressive muscle relaxation in breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelia_Ulrich

... in combination with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after ... the adjuvant treatment of adults with Stage III melanoma and lymph node involvement who have undergone complete resection as ... For NSCLC, pembrolizumab is used in combination with chemotherapy (for all PD-L1, a PD-1 receptor ligand, levels) or by itself ... In November 2021, the U.S. FDA approved pembrolizumab for the adjuvant treatment of people twelve years of age and older with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab

Moreover, in 1973 he initiated the first national multicenter randomized trial on adjuvant chemotherapy in breastcancer. Along ... He implemented chemotherapy in Dutch surgery and is considered to be one of the founders of surgical oncology in the ... were the first research papers on cancer chemotherapy in the Netherlands and led to the clinical implementation of chemotherapy ... for one year to be familiarized with American surgical procedures and the use of chemotherapy in surgery. Zwaveling became a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Zwaveling

That is the reason that compounds that inhibit biosynthesis of estrogen have been researched and are now the standard adjuvant ... could be applied for better results before patients will be forced to switch from endocrine therapy to cytotoxic chemotherapy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroidal_aromatase_inhibitor

The role of adjuvant treatment in aCPPs is the subject of the most controversy in this regard. When a tumor cannot be ... An alternate strategy that decreases tumor size and vascularity and makes complete excision easier is neoadjuvant chemotherapy ... Although it has conflicting outcomes, chemotherapy is recommended in situations with higher grade malignancies or recurrences. ... The role of chemotherapy and surgical removal in the treatment of Choroid Plexus carcinomas and atypical papillomas, Childs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroid_plexus_tumor

Systemic chemotherapy for prostate cancer was first studied in the 1970s. The initial regimen of cyclophosphamide and 5- ... Rane JK, Pellacani D, Maitland NJ (October 2012). "Advanced prostate cancer--a case for adjuvant differentiation therapy". ... Hormonal therapy and chemotherapy are often reserved for metastatic disease. Exceptions include local or metastasis-directed ... A second-line chemotherapy treatment is cabazitaxel. A combination of bevacizumab, docetaxel, thalidomide and prednisone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

... surgery with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The chemotherapy drugs paclitaxel and carboplatin have shown a clinical (but not ... HPS stain Craniopharyngiomas are usually successfully managed with a combination of adjuvant chemotherapy and neurosurgery. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniopharyngioma

... that had better results at lower doses in animal models compared to standard doxorubicin chemotherapy for metastatic breast ... "Mesoporous silicon particles for the presentation of tumor antigens and adjuvant for anti-cancer immunity", published 2015 US ... "Mathematical Modeling of Cancer Progression and Response to Chemotherapy". Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. 6 (10): 1361- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauro_Ferrari

"Adjuvant Dose-Dense Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: Standard of Care in High-Risk Patients". Breast Care. 11 (1): 8-12. doi: ... Dose-dense chemotherapy is a chemotherapy treatment plan in which drugs are given with less time between treatments than in a ... Dose-dense chemotherapy entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms This article incorporates public domain ... In dose dense therapy paclitaxel is given at 50-80 mg/m2 every week (150-240 mg/m2 in 3-weeks). IFL chemotherapy Möbus, Volker ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose-dense_chemotherapy

The efficacy of chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer and the stage. In combination with surgery, chemotherapy has proven ... Bagri A, Kouros-Mehr H, Leong KG, Plowman GD (March 2010). "Use of anti-VEGF adjuvant therapy in cancer: challenges and ... The effectiveness of chemotherapy is often limited by its toxicity to other tissues in the body. Even when chemotherapy does ... Also, when chemotherapy is given after birth, many of the drugs appear in breast milk, which could harm the baby. Veterinary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer

... with adjuvant intra-operative heated chemotherapy under the care of thoracic surgeon Dr. David J. Sugarbaker at the Brigham and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heather_Von_St_James

... it makes the tumor cells more vulnerable to specific adjuvant therapies such as certain chemotherapies and radiotherapy. ... "Centromere and kinetochore gene misexpression predicts cancer patient survival and response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centromere

... adjuvant or metastatic setting. If patients have hormone receptor positive cancer, they should have received endocrine therapy ... who are in a complete or partial response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The formulation was changed from capsules to tablets ... advanced ovarian cancer that has received three or more prior lines of chemotherapy. The EMA public assessment report, which ... advanced ovarian cancer that has received three or more prior lines of chemotherapy. In January 2018, olaparib became the first ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaparib

... a high proliferative subset of patients with ER-positive breast cancer who derive greater benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy Ki ... 10-year results of the Breast International Group 2-98 phase III trial and the role of Ki67 in predicting benefit of adjuvant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-67_(protein)

Adjuvant chemotherapy for lung cancer is "a new standard of care, but not necessarily the only standard of care". (New England ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_care

Preclinical study where SMUG1 depletion has been shown to results in sensitivity to 5-FU chemotherapy. Low SMUG1 in gastric ... deficiency is linked to aggressive breast cancer and predicts response to adjuvant therapy" (PDF). Breast Cancer Research and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMUG1

Chu E, DeVita Jr VT (28 December 2012). Physicians' Cancer Chemotherapy Drug Manual 2013. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. pp. 51 ... it has been proposed that bicalutamide and other CYP27A1 inhibitors may be effective as adjuvant therapies to aromatase ... 656-. ISBN 978-1-61779-222-9. Chabner BA, Longo DL (8 November 2010). Cancer Chemotherapy and Biotherapy: Principles and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacology_of_bicalutamide

A 2019 paper described designing an immunologic adjuvant which would make a VL vaccine more effective. James, William D.; ... effective and affordable chemotherapy is sorely lacking and parasites or insect vectors are becoming increasingly resistant to ... Ratnapriya, S; Keerti; Sahasrabuddhe, AA; Dube, A (12 June 2019). "Visceral leishmaniasis: An overview of vaccine adjuvants and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visceral_leishmaniasis

This is called adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is a recent innovation, consisting of some combination of paclitaxel (or ... In cases where surgery is not indicated, palliative chemotherapy is an option; higher-dose chemotherapy is associated with ... Adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to increase survival in stage III and IV cancer more than added radiotherapy. Mutations in ... Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in early-stage (stage I or II) endometrial cancer. It can be delivered through vaginal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancer

In Wilms' tumor, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery are the accepted treatments, depending on the stage of the disease when ... Sunitinib is the current standard of care in the adjuvant setting along with pazopanib; these treatments are often followed by ... Surgery is the most common treatment as kidney cancer does not often respond to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgical ... Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Kidney cancer newly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_cancer

... including the increased use in adjuvant chemotherapy. The National Institute of Health (NIH) attributes the increase in the 5- ... Where surgery was previously the only option for treatment, cancer is now treated with radiation and chemotherapy, including ... "Evolution of Cancer Treatments: Chemotherapy". American Cancer Society. "Search of: cancer - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov ... combination chemotherapy that favors treatment with many drugs over just one. Availability and access to clinical trials has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_survival_rates

Is adjuvant chemotherapy effective in patients with resectable cholangiocarcinoma, and does it prolong survival time? This new ... Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Resectable Cholangiocarcinoma Patients. Kosin Wirasorn; Thundon Ngamprasertchai; Narong Khuntikeo; Ake ... Baseline Characteristics and tumor data of the resectable cholangiocarcinoma patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, ... Regimens of chemotherapy in our institution were single agent chemotherapy including gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/817589_2

The macrofil chemotherapy project, 1996-1999 World Health Organization; Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (‎ ... Preventive chemotherapy for helminth diseases: progress report, 2014 = Chimioprévention contre les helminthiases: rapport de ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?authority=Chemotherapy%2C+Adjuvant&type=mesh

Adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomised study*. Chemotherapy with ... Molecular predictors of survival after adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer.. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344: 1196-1206. View in ... Adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil and levamisole for 1 year after the surgical resection of node-positive (stage III) ... Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon ...

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/0140-6736/PIIS0140673607618418.pdf

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=en&type=mesh&authority=Chemotherapy,+Adjuvant

... the addition of adjuvant capecitabine therapy was safe and effective in prolonging disease-free survival and overall survival ... After standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing anthracycline, taxane, or both, ... Adjuvant Capecitabine for Breast Cancer after Preoperative Chemotherapy N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 1;376(22):2147-2159. doi: ... The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients remains unclear. Methods: We randomly assigned 910 patients with HER2- ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28564564/

... in the blood of 51 EOC patients before and/or after adjuvant chemotherapy. Our results demonstrated that, before chemotherapy, ... CEA expression was correlated with tumor stage (r = 0.594, p = 0.000) before chemotherapy, whereas its expression after ... and the persistence of this marker after chemotherapy was associated with advanced disease stage. The expression of CA125 mRNA ... HE4 mRNA showed the highest sensitivity both before and after chemotherapy (82.98% and 85.19%, respectively) ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-88780-w?elqTrackId=54523ab6ca1f4e3c91800bd19348cb35&error=cookies_not_supported&code=fff85c6f-3945-487f-9a80-d7d18a736340

Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Clinical Local Advanced CRC Following Preoperational Therapies and pT0-3N0M0 Diagnosis ... The treatment efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for pT1-3N0M0 colorectal cancer following preoperational chemotherapy or ... The treatment efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for pT1-3N0M0 CRC following preoperational chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy ... Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Clinical Local Advanced CRC Following Preoperational Therapies and pT0-3N0M0 Diagnosis (CANWATCH) * ...

https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/219840/adjuvant-chemotherapy-in-clinical-local-advanced-crc-following-preoperational-therapies-and-pt0-3n0m0-diagnosis/?page=4&query=colon-cancer-screening&rnk=36

Sequential adjuvant chemotherapy with FEC followed by docetaxel achieved comparable DFS results to FEC alone in luminal A ... Based on the variable benefit of taxanes in the adjuvant setting of early breast cancer in certain tumor phenotypes, especially ... a prospective study comparing two popular chemotherapy regimens Yasser Abdel Kader, Tamer El-Nahas, Amr SakrDepartment of ... and safety profile of sequential adjuvant three cycles Fluorouracil, Epirubicin, Cyclophosphamide followed by three cycles ...

https://www.dovepress.com/article_metric.php?article_id=13987

adjuvant radiotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy, Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus ... use of adjuvant radiotherapy is now supported by the NCCN guidelines. ... radical cystectomy, locally advanced bladder cancer with good performance status where an alternative to chemotherapy is ... Adjuvant Sandwich Chemotherapy Plus Radiotherapy vs Adjuvant Chemotherapy Alone for Locally Advanced Bladder Cancer After ...

https://www.urotoday.com/conference-highlights/asco-2019-annual-meeting/asco-2019-bladder-cancer/113067-asco-2019-randomized-trial-of-adjuvant-chemotherapy-vs-adjuvant-radiation-therapy-for-locally-advanced-bladder-cancer-after-radical-cystectomy.html

Chemotherapy versus surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for localised primary gastric diffuse large ... Thein A, Moe S, Myint A, Khaing S, Maw M. Chemotherapy versus surgery with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy ...

https://www.cochrane.org/CD009914/HAEMATOL_chemotherapy-versus-surgery-or-without-adjuvant-chemotherapy-and-radiotherapy-localised-primary

Furthermore, we show pioneering work that mSEPT9 detection could be used to guide the selection of an adjuvant chemotherapy ... to identify recurrence and to determine its clinical utility in adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) regimen decisions. MATERIAL AND ... Figure 3. Positive detection rate of mSEPT9, CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 for patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and ... Figure 3. Positive detection rate of mSEPT9, CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 for patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and ...

https://medscimonit.com/abstract/full/idArt/937757

Subclinical cardiotoxicity following adjuvant dose escalated FEC, high dose chemotherapy, or CMF in breast cancer. Erselcan T; ...

https://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/122169

You need to enable JavaScript to run this app ...

https://www.jeffersonhealth.org/clinical-specialties/cancer/clinical-trials/12219

Purpose: The Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy (MAGIC) trial established perioperative ... In chemotherapy-treated patients with a TRG of 1 or 2, median OS was not reached, whereas for patients with a TRG of 3, 4, or 5 ... Effect of pathologic tumor response and nodal status on survival in the medical research council adjuvant gastric infusional ... pathologic tumor response and nodal status on survival in the medical research council adjuvant gastric infusional chemotherapy ...

https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/109654/

Immediate adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation with treatment at relapse in pathological stage II testicular cancer. ... Of the 97 patients assigned to adjuvant chemotherapy, 6 (6 percent) had a recurrence; however, only 1 had received adjuvant ... Immediate adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation with treatment at relapse in pathological stage II testicular cancer. ... They were randomly assigned to be treated with two cycles of immediate adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy or to be observed ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub662185

Skills Posted on 1. April 2021. ...

https://www.eusobi.org/project/w3-breast-mri-vs-contrast-enhanced-mammography-neo-adjuvant-chemotherapy/

We retrospectively identified patients aged 20-79 years, with stage III CC, who received adjuvant chemotherapy with or without ... The hazard ratios for 5-year RFS following adjuvant chemotherapy (fluoropyrimidine), with and without oxaliplatin, were 1.241 ( ... Among 938 eligible patients, 203 and 201 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with and without oxaliplatin, respectively ... Adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the risk of recurrence of stage III colon cancer (CC). However, more effective prognostic and ...

https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-021-09088-6

T1 - Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III ... Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon ... Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon ... Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/oxaliplatin-combined-with-weekly-bolus-fluorouracil-and-leucovori

Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 28% of patients during the adjuvant chemotherapy treatment with temozolomide. The ... Hypofractionated radiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide in elderly patients with glioblastoma. In: ... Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 28% of patients during the adjuvant chemotherapy treatment with temozolomide. The ... Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 28% of patients during the adjuvant chemotherapy treatment with temozolomide. The ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/hypofractionated-radiotherapy-followed-by-adjuvant-chemotherapy-w

... has conducted relevant trials to re-examine the effect of MMC and/or o-FP as adjuvant chemotherapy. The results of trials JCOG ... Meta-analyses reported from Western countries have shown either no or borderline benefit for chemotherapy after surgical ... In conclusion, this therapy could become the standard adjuvant treatment regimen for gastric cancer patients after curative ... Adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer after surgical resection has been under clinical investigation for decades. However, up ...

https://scite.ai/reports/adjuvant-chemotherapy-for-gastric-cancer-O2yw8Q

Adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs relapse-free and overall survival for patients with stage III gastric cancer in a real-world ... Adjuvant chemotherapy prolonged the relapse-free survival [22.9 (95 % confidence interval 9.4-36.4) vs. 14.2 (95 % CI ... Higher overall survival from adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II patients with node involvement did not reach the level of ... To further explore this topic, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on the clinical outcomes of 77 ...

https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40064-016-2552-3

Impact of ERAS compliance on the delay between surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies ...

https://serval.unil.ch/en/notice/serval:BIB_C8F4DA2FB60F

However, the immunological effect of adjuvants on immune cells from cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy remains to be ... Different adjuvants currently used in cancer vaccine clinical trials were evaluated in the present study on immune cells from ... The results show that the RNAdjuvant® is a potent and Th1 driving adjuvant, compared to those tested in the present study. Most ... present study is the first analysis of immunological effects induced by adjuvants in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy, ...

https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12967-020-02218-x

Adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin followed by radiotherapy in localized uterine sarcomas: ... Adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin followed by radiotherapy in localized uterine sarcomas: ...

https://ijgc.bmj.com/content/14/6/1112.responses

The effect of systemic adjuvant chemotherapy on local breast recurrence in node positive breast cancer patients treated by ...

https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/publication507654

Adjuvant Chemotherapy plus Radiation for Locally Advanced Endometrial Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380(24): 2317-2326.. CrossRef ... Sequential adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in endometrial cancer--results from two randomised studies. Eur J Cancer. ... Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy with the "sandwich" method for endometrial cancer: an institutional analysis. ... Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy with the "sandwich" method for endometrial cancer: an institutional analysis ...

https://journals.viamedica.pl/oncology_in_clinical_practice/article/view/67274

Randomized trial of radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with ... Randomized trial of radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with ... Patients on CRT received concurrent cisplatin (25 mg/m2 on days 1 to 4) on weeks 1, 4, and 7 of RT and adjuvant cisplatin (20 ... This study also confirms that chemotherapy improves the distant metastasis control rate in NPC. © 2005 by American Society of ...

https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/113621

title = "Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with soft tissue sarcoma",. keywords = "chemotherapy, soft tissue sarcoma, survival ... Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with soft tissue sarcoma. / Ozaki, T.; Sugihara, S.; Hamada, M. et al. ... Ozaki T, Sugihara S, Hamada M, Nakagawa Y, Inoue H. Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Hiroshima ... Adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with soft tissue sarcoma. In: Hiroshima Journal of Medical Sciences. 1993 ; Vol. 42, No. 3. ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/adjuvant-chemotherapy-for-patients-with-soft-tissue-sarcoma

Purpose Gene-expression profiles increasingly are used in addition to conventional prognostic factors to guide adjuvant ... Impact of 70-Gene Signature Use on Adjuvant Chemotherapy Decisions in Patients With Estrogen Receptor-Positive Early Breast ... Gene-expression profiles increasingly are used in addition to conventional prognostic factors to guide adjuvant chemotherapy ( ... physicians were asked whether they intended to administer adjuvant CT before deployment of the 70-GS test and after the test ...

https://www.researcher-app.com/paper/45052

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma.. Authors: Joshi, P. Patil, V. Joshi, A. Norohna, V. Chaturvedi ... Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to find out the role of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in changing the ... Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Indian Journal of Cancer. 2013 Jan-Mar; 50(1): 25-30. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/147316?locale=ar

Patients who have residual invasive carcinoma after the receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer have poor prognoses. (nih.gov)
We randomly assigned 910 patients with HER2-negative residual invasive breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (containing anthracycline, taxane, or both) to receive standard postsurgical treatment either with capecitabine or without (control). (nih.gov)
After standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy containing anthracycline, taxane, or both, the addition of adjuvant capecitabine therapy was safe and effective in prolonging disease-free survival and overall survival among patients with HER2-negative breast cancer who had residual invasive disease on pathological testing. (nih.gov)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radical cystectomy is the standard of care. (urotoday.com)
We evaluated whether pathologic response and lymph node status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are prognostic in patients treated in the MAGIC trial. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Purpose: The standard of care for locally advanced bladder cancer (LABC) is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by cystectomy. (houstonmethodist.org)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with LABC following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy, and to determine whether select patients may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. (houstonmethodist.org)
Methods: The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was queried (2004-2013) for patients with newly diagnosed pT3-4N0-3M0 bladder cancer that received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy. (houstonmethodist.org)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by a cystectomy is the standard treatment in muscle -invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation followed by surgical resection of the rectum is a standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. (semanticscholar.org)
Preliminary evidence for the revolutionary therapeutic transition from neoadjuvant chemotherapy/radiotherapy followed by surgery to immunotherapy followedby nonoperative management in patients with mismatch repair - de ﬁ cient (dMMR), locally advanced rectal cancer is presented. (semanticscholar.org)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the term given to chemotherapy that is administered before surgery to help shrink the size of a cancerous tumor. (imaginis.com)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy also allows physicians to determine the effectiveness of a particular regimen on a patient's tumor and to monitor the progress of chemotherapy and make adjustments in drugs or dosages if needed. (imaginis.com)
Cai Y, Lu X, Zhu X, Ju H, Sun W, Wu W. Histological tumor response assessment in colorectal liver metastases after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: impact of the variation in tumor regression grading and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration. (jcancer.org)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the variation in tumor regression grade (TRG) and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration of colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). (jcancer.org)
Over the past decade, effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), including oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based regimens, has been suggested to stratify good candidates for aggressive approaches and consolidate surgical outcomes [ 4 - 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
A randomized phase III post-operative trial of platinum-based chemotherapy (P) versus capecitabine (C) in patients (pts) with residual triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC): ECOG-ACRIN EA1131. (aaoc.org.ar)
Pathologically confirmed residual invasive breast cancer, in the breast and/or lymph node(s), following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (survivornet.com)
Patients must have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to breast surgery. (survivornet.com)
In an attempt to improve survival, multiple trials administering induction or neoadjuvant chemotherapy have been conducted but none demonstrated improved overall survival. (biomedcentral.com)
The optimal doses of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide (AC) regimen in pre-operation Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the patients suffering from stage III breast cancer were investigated. (ijbme.org)
The major benefit of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is that it can shrink large cancers so that they are small enough to be removed by lumpectomy instead of mastectomy. (ijbme.org)
With respect to these regimen that can achieve non equivalent doses of drug in treatment times for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. (ijbme.org)
The purpose of treating the patients with cancer in neoadjuvant chemotherapy could be either destroying the cancer cells or preserving the normal cell populations in the best way, or different cases between these two situations. (ijbme.org)

Secondary endpoints evaluate long-term clinical outcomes, in particular overall survival and side effect of chemotherapy. (centerwatch.com)
The addition of adjuvant radiotherapy improved disease-free survival and overall survival compared to chemotherapy alone, but the difference was not significant, and the study was not powered for those endpoints. (urotoday.com)
In an independent NCDB propensity analysis, adjuvant radiotherapy improved overall survival for locally advanced disease. (urotoday.com)
The hypothesis of the presented study was that adjuvant radiotherapy could achieve comparable disease-free survival (DFS) as adjuvant chemotherapy. (urotoday.com)
The presented study was a phase 3 trial conducted at the NCI in Cairo, Egypt, to assess whether the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy improves disease-free survival compared to adjuvant radiotherapy alone in a patient population where adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard of care. (urotoday.com)
001). Conclusion: Lymph node metastases and not pathologic response to chemotherapy was the only independent predictor of survival after chemotherapy plus resection in the MAGIC trial. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Purpose: This phase III clinical trial evaluated the impact on disease-free survival (DFS) of adding oxaliplatin to bolus weekly fluorouracil (FU) combined with leucovorin as surgical adjuvant therapy for stage II and III colon cancer. (elsevier.com)
However, up until now, consistent and concrete evidence has not been generated either in Japan or other countries in favor of adjuvant therapy in terms of survival compared to surgery alone. (scite.ai)
This study demonstrated that the adjuvant UFT chemotherapy signifi cantly prolonged the overall survival of the patients. (scite.ai)
In contrast to the NSAS-GC01 trial, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 9206-2 trial could not show a survival benefi t of adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin plus 5-FU followed by UFT for resected serosalpositive (T3 and T4) gastric cancer. (scite.ai)
The influence of adjuvant chemotherapy on the survival of gastric adenocarcinoma patients in a stage-specific manner is controversial. (springeropen.com)
Higher overall survival from adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II patients with node involvement did not reach the level of statistical significance ( P = 0.102). (springeropen.com)
75 years were included in a subgroup analysis in which the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy on relapse-free survival and overall survival were demonstrated for patients with stage III disease. (springeropen.com)
Adjuvant chemotherapy prolongs relapse-free and overall survival for patients with stage III gastric cancer in a real-world situation. (springeropen.com)
Before 2000, there was no large-scaled randomized phase III trial to evaluate the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy on the survival of patients with gastric cancer after operation. (springeropen.com)
Although some meta-analyses suggested a positive effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival of patients with gastric cancer (Hejna et al. (springeropen.com)
2002 ). Fortunately, in the last decade, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase III clinical trials have proven the survival advantage conferred by adjuvant chemotherapy after D2 lymph node dissection (Noh et al. (springeropen.com)
Protein expression, survival and docetaxel benefit in node-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant chemotherapy in the FNCLCC - PACS 01 randomized trial. (123dok.net)
Three studies demonstrating a positive survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy had a grade (1+). (elsevier.com)
Giving patients chemotherapy after pancreatic cancer surgery (called adjuvant therapy) has become a standard of care, improving survival when compared with surgery alone. (letswinpc.org)
But now, a new randomized phase III study presented at the 2018 ASCO ( American Society of Clinical Oncology ) annual meeting showed that a four-drug combination chemotherapy significantly improved survival compared with the standard regimen of single-agent gemcitabine for patients who underwent pancreatic cancer surgery. (letswinpc.org)
Statistics included multivariable logistic regression to determine factors predictive of receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, Kaplan-Meier analysis to evaluate overall survival (OS) and Cox proportional hazards modeling to determine variables associated with OS. (houstonmethodist.org)
Chemotherapy is also used to improve symptoms and prolong survival in people with stage IV colon cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
In this multicentre, retrospective study of 198 patients treated with cystectomy followed by platinum -based adjuvant chemotherapy , we analysed the immunohistochemical expression of CD36 and correlated our findings with clinicopathological characteristics and survival . (bvsalud.org)
Major improvements in disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with non-metastatic colon cancer has been as a result of improvement of surgery quality [4-6] and continuous clinical trials investigation on adjuvant chemotherapy (ACh) [7-9]. (biomedgrid.com)
We have previously reported the results of a randomized trial that demonstrated the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with high-grade extremity sarcomas compared with no chemotherapy. (elsevier.com)
The median follow-up of this trial is now 7.1 years and reveals a 5-year disease-free survival of 75% and 54% for chemotherapy and no chemotherapy groups, respectively (two-sided P [P2] = .037). (elsevier.com)
The 5-year overall survival for patients in this trial was 83% and 60% for the chemotherapy and no chemotherapy groups, respectively, with a trend towards improved survival in the chemotherapy arm (P2 = .124). (elsevier.com)
The 5-year disease-free and overall survival for patients treated with the reduced doses of chemotherapy was 72% and 75%, respectively, and was not significantly different from the high-dose regimen. (elsevier.com)
We conclude that adjuvant chemotherapy improves disease-free survival in patients with extremity soft-tissue sarcomas. (elsevier.com)
The overall survival advantage in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy in our initial randomized high-dose chemotherapy trial has diminished though it continues to favor the chemotherapy group. (elsevier.com)
We've been trying to move toward precision medicine for decades, and in oncology the way it applies is understanding which patients are most likely to benefit from chemotherapy, with the goal of increasing disease-free survival and overall survival," she told MedPage Today . (medpagetoday.com)
Longer follow-up confirms relapse-free survival benefit with adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with resected BRAF V600-mutant stage Ill melanoma. (aaoc.org.ar)
3. Adjuvant pembrolizumab versus placebo in resected stage III melanoma (EORTC 1325-MG/KEYNOTE-054): distant metastasis-free survival results from a double-blind, randomized, controlled, phase 3 trial. (aaoc.org.ar)
In the predicted benefit group, there was a significantly better disease-specific survival in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy in both training (P = 0.035) and validation (P = 0.0049) sets. (cdc.gov)
In the predicted non-benefit group, there was no survival benefit in patients receiving chemotherapy in either set. (cdc.gov)
Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine with or without cisplatin was well tolerated and resulted in promising survival of the patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Oettle and colleagues have shown that adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine after macroscopic complete resection of pancreatic cancer prolongs disease free and overall survival compared to observation alone [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The results of a 10,000 plus breast cancer patient prospective (follow-up) study demonstrated that many women can refuse chemotherapy without lowering their survival risk. (birthofanewearthblog.com)
The chemotherapy benefit for invasive disease-free survival varied with the combination of recurrence score and age …, with some benefit of chemotherapy found in women 50 years of age or younger with a recurrence score of 16 to 25. (birthofanewearthblog.com)
I. To determine whether the addition of carboplatin to an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen of doxorubicin (doxorubicin hydrochloride)/cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel will improve the invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) compared to doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel when administered to patients with operable node-positive or high-risk node-negative triple-negative breast cancer. (clinicaltrialsgps.com)
With a goal toward improving survival outcomes in HNSCC there has historically been interest in the application of induction chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)

Regimens of chemotherapy in our institution were single agent chemotherapy including gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and capecitabine, and combination chemotherapy regimens including gemcitabine combining with capecitabine and 5-FU combining with mitomycin C. (medscape.com)
01). A total of 1.2% of patients died as a result of any cause within 60 days of receiving chemotherapy, with no significant difference between regimens. (elsevier.com)
These may involve new chemotherapy drugs, new regimens of drugs, vaccines, new types of procedures, or other new methods being tested in the fight against pancreatic cancer. (umassmed.edu)
Because chemotherapy regimens are individually tailored, the types of drugs administered and their side effects will vary considerably. (imaginis.com)
Single-agent chemotherapy with gemcitabine [ 11 ] has been the standard of care in the treatment of inoperable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas prior to more efficacious regimens such as FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel. (biomedcentral.com)
The incidence and severity was highest in patients receiving PHESGO with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens. (gene.com)

Purpose: The Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy (MAGIC) trial established perioperative epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil chemotherapy as a standard of care for patients with resectable esophagogastric cancer. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Prospective evaluation of whether omitting postoperative chemotherapy and/or switching to a noncross-resistant regimen in patients with lymph node-positive disease whose tumor did not respond to preoperative epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil may be appropriate. (whiterose.ac.uk)
They were randomly assigned to be treated with two cycles of immediate adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy or to be observed monthly with treatment at relapse. (duke.edu)
We conclude that two courses of cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy will almost always prevent relapse in pathological Stage II testicular cancer treated with orchiectomy and retroperitoneal-lymph-node dissection. (duke.edu)
Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as cisplatin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. (cornellmedicine.org)
The purpose of this study is to compare standard treatment--radiation therapy combined with the chemotherapy drug cisplatin (chemo-radiation)-- to standard chemo-radiation therapy plus additional experimental chemotherapy with FDA approved agents carboplatin and paclitaxel to see if it reduces the risk of tumor recurrence and improves overall survival. (cornellmedicine.org)
Chemo-radiation (standard radiation therapy plus cisplatin chemotherapy). (cornellmedicine.org)
Cisplatin chemotherapy will be given in five treatments, weekly during the course of the radiation therapy. (cornellmedicine.org)
Will receive chemo-radition (radiation therapy plus cisplatin chemotherapy) followed by intracavitary radiation as in Arm A. Beginning 4 weeks later, will also receive adjuvant chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel) repeated every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. (cornellmedicine.org)
We conducted this prospective, non-randomized phase II study to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of cisplatin and gemcitabine as adjuvant treatment in patients with resected BTC. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemotherapy doublets in this trial included combinations of cisplatin with vinorelbine, docetaxel, gemcitabine, or pemetrexed. (medscape.com)

Patients who cannot receive chemotherapy due to underlying comorbidities are at high-risk for recurrence. (urotoday.com)
6 Chemotherapy and radiotherapy act synergistically to reduce local and distant recurrence. (urotoday.com)
For patients who cannot tolerate chemotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy has different contraindications and may be a good option that can reduce recurrence. (urotoday.com)
however, only 1 had received adjuvant chemotherapy before the recurrence. (duke.edu)
Adjuvant chemotherapy reduces the risk of recurrence of stage III colon cancer (CC). However, more effective prognostic and predictive biomarkers are needed for better treatment stratification of affected patients. (biomedcentral.com)
People receiving operation for gastric cancer without adjuvant chemotherapy are at risk for disease recurrence. (springeropen.com)
Data from a recent randomized trial enrolling only patients with II-IIIB gastric cancer revealed a 36 % recurrence rate in 5 years for patients without adjuvant chemotherapy after D2 dissection (Noh et al. (springeropen.com)
We conducted this prospective study to evaluate whether the 12-gene recurrence score (12-RS) assay affected physicians' recommendations on adjuvant treatment selection. (elsevier.com)
Tumor-informed circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing for residual disease was able to distinguish patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) at risk for recurrence after surgery, as well as those who could safely avoid adjuvant chemotherapy, according to a large prospective study from Japan. (medpagetoday.com)
Because chemotherapy after lumpectomy or mastectomy has been shown to significantly reduce the chances of breast cancer recurrence , a panel of national and international cancer experts who convened at the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer in November 2000 recommended that most women with localized breast cancer be offered chemotherapy. (imaginis.com)
Based on the improved PFFS after postoperative WPRT only in patients with carcinosarcoma and the difference in patterns of failure between histologic subtypes, optimal adjuvant treatment options should be offered to patients based on the risk of recurrence patterns. (e-roj.org)
Adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemoendocrine therapy had similar efficacy in women with hormone-receptor-positive … breast cancer who had a midrange 21-gene recurrence score, although some benefit of chemotherapy was found in some women 50 years of age or younger. (birthofanewearthblog.com)
DESTINY-Lung02 is a global, randomized phase 2 trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of ENHERTU in patients with HER2 mutant metastatic NSCLC with disease recurrence or progression during or after at least one regimen of prior anticancer therapy that must have contained a platinum-based chemotherapy. (miscw.com)
In many cases, an aggressive surgical treatment, which includes major bone resection and is sometimes associated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, is required for better control of local recurrence and metastasis in such lesions. (bvsalud.org)
Richard Schilsky, M.D., ASCO's chief medical officer, added that the results "strongly" support Tagrisso's use earlier in EGFR-mutated lung cancer, "which has a significant risk of recurrence despite surgical treatment and chemotherapy. (lcfamerica.org)

Adjuvant chemotherapy was unnecessary in pathological stage Ⅱ colorectal cancer following initial treatment of surgery without high risk factors of recurrences. (centerwatch.com)
The treatment efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for pT1-3N0M0 colorectal cancer following preoperational chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy remains unclear. (centerwatch.com)
Part of clinical local advanced colorectal cancer(cTxN1-2M0), which turn out to be pT0-3N0M0 after preoperational chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, might not really need adjuvant chemotherapy due to the down-stage efficacy of the preoperational treatments, or the misleading by lymph nodes false-positive imaging diagnosis. (centerwatch.com)
A clinical decision support system optimising adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancers by integrating deep learning and pathological staging markers: a development and validation study. (ox.ac.uk)
Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACh) benefits in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) is still unclear. (biomedgrid.com)
Duration of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer is a topic covered in the Evidence-Based Medicine Guidelines . (unboundmedicine.com)
Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/EBMG/455642/all/Duration_of_adjuvant_chemotherapy_for_patients_with_non_metastatic_colorectal_cancer. (unboundmedicine.com)
Additionally, a 5-point histological tumor regression grade (TRG) scoring system according to the extent of intralesional residual tumor cells and fibrosis was established to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy in colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) [ 7 ]. (jcancer.org)

Therefore, better prognostic and predictive biomarkers are required to stratify patients for adjuvant therapies based on chemotherapy regimen and duration. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy with the "sandwich" regimen is associated with acceptable toxicity and satisfactory rates of completion of planned therapy. (viamedica.pl)
Higher efficiency of the CMF regimen vs. no chemotherapy (P = 0.16 for interaction) was reported in Ki67-positive ER- positive patients treated in the NSABP-20 trial [41], whereas Ki67 labeling index was not predictive of better response to adjuvant chemotherapy in endocrine- responsive tumors [42]. (123dok.net)
A reduced-dose chemotherapy regimen was found to be comparable to the high-dose regimen. (elsevier.com)
Background: Recent advances in adjuvant chemotherapy for early colon cancer have widened physicians' recommendations on the regimen and duration (3 or 6 months) of the treatment. (elsevier.com)
A chemotherapy regimen is usually tailored specifically to the breast cancer patient. (imaginis.com)
When planning a chemotherapy regimen, physicians and patients consider the patient's age, her overall health, specific elements of her cancer (i.e., stage , grade ), other health problems, and past or future treatments. (imaginis.com)

Adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil and levamisole for 1 year after the surgical resection of node-positive (stage III) colon cancer was established in 1990. (thelancet.com)
Controlled trial of fluorouracil and low-dose leucovorin given for 6 months as postoperative adjuvant therapy for colon cancer. (thelancet.com)
Oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as adjuvant treatment for colon cancer. (thelancet.com)
Oxaliplatin combined with weekly bolus fluorouracil and leucovorin as surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer: results from NSABP C-07. (thelancet.com)
Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. (thelancet.com)
Most people with stage III colon cancer receive chemotherapy after surgery for 3 to 6 months. (medlineplus.gov)
Serial Circulating Tumor DNA in Monitoring the Effect of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Immunotherapy in Patients With Colon Cancer: Case Series and Review of the Literature. (semanticscholar.org)
Conclusion: Our study confirmed the usefulness of the 12-RS assay in aiding the physician-patient decision-making process for tailoring adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IIIA/B colon cancer. (elsevier.com)
Comparative effectiveness of oxaliplatin vs non-oxaliplatin-containing adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancer. (unc.edu)

It is approved in the U.S. as first-line maintenance treatment in BRCA m advanced ovarian cancer following response to platinum-based chemotherapy. (merck.com)
Pelvic radiation with concomitant platinum-based chemotherapy is used to treat locally advanced disease, whereas metastatic and recurrent lesions continue to be difficult to effectively treat and cure. (jnccn.org)

Chicago, IL (UroToday.com) Brian C. Baumann, MD, presented a randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy vs. adjuvant radiotherapy in locally advanced bladder cancer patients after radical cystectomy. (urotoday.com)

Purpose Gene-expression profiles increasingly are used in addition to conventional prognostic factors to guide adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) decisions. (researcher-app.com)
generation prognostic tests (OncotypeDX ™, Mammaprint®) are now used worldwide to guide decision making regarding adjuvant chemotherapy . (123dok.net)
We performed a retrospective analysis of the actual use of adjuvant cytotoxic treatment according to each negative prognostic factor at our Institution. (unipd.it)
Conclusions: Age or age-associated conditions strongly limited the choice for adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly BC pts according to all prognostic factors, with ER- status probably being the most impelling factor for its use. (unipd.it)
Prognostic Impact of CD36 Immunohistochemical Expression in Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Treated with Cystectomy and Adjuvant Chemotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
However, the role of chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting remains controversial, and therefore new prognostic and predictive biomarkers are needed to improve the selection of MIBC patients . (bvsalud.org)
Furthermore, a multivariate analysis of ctDNA-positive patients with stages II-IV disease showed that a lack of adjuvant chemotherapy was a significantly negative prognostic factor (HR 5.03, 95% CI 3.17-8.90, P =0.001), the team reported. (medpagetoday.com)
Results of the analysis showed that postsurgical ctDNA status is a more significant prognostic biomarker than the currently used high-risk clinicopathological features and can potentially be predictive of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit, said Oki and co-authors. (medpagetoday.com)
Conclusions: This study presents a predictive multi-gene assay and prognostic protein biomarkers clinically applicable for improving NSCLC treatment, with important implications in lung cancer chemotherapy and immunotherapy. (cdc.gov)
In the adjuvant setting, a high level of TILs is associated with better response to trastuzumab, and an abundant number of TILs is an independent prognostic factor in HER2-positive breast cancer [ 3 ]. (e-crt.org)

After surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be given to increase the chances of cure. (bionity.com)
Chemotherapy is often used as an adjuvant (supplemental) therapy in addition to other treatments, such as surgery or radiation therapy , which are designed to achieve local (breast/chest) control of the cancer. (imaginis.com)
In this way, chemotherapy is different from local treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy, which only target specific parts of the body. (imaginis.com)
Surgery (radiation therapy if the patient is not a surgical candidate), with or without adjuvant chemotherapy based on risk factors, for stages IB and II is generally appropriate. (medscape.com)
Radiation therapy can be given as- palliative therapy, adjuvant therapy or as a curative therapy. (lamedtrip.com)

Clinical and molecular details for 3 patients with locally advanced or recurrent dMMR/MSI-H/polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutation-positive tumors treated with neoadjuvant/adjuvant immunotherapy and serial ctDNA analysis are summarized. (semanticscholar.org)
Chemotherapy involves using anticancer drugs to help control or prevent the growth of cancerous tumors. (imaginis.com)
Patients with resected stage IB-tumors bigger than 4 cm in diameter-to IIIB disease were randomly assigned to receive four cycles of chemotherapy alone or with the addition of bevacizumab for a year. (medscape.com)
It had been observed that tumor gene analysis scores 0 through 10 determined that chemotherapy would not be needed for those tumors. (birthofanewearthblog.com)

Between October 2014 and June 2017, at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) from Peru, 39 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of ocular conjunctiva, T1-T3, resected, were selected to receive adjuvant treatment. (ecancer.org)

To further explore this topic, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on the clinical outcomes of 77 stage II and 117 stage III patients diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2012. (springeropen.com)

CMS is also potentially predictive, as different subtypes vary in sensitivity to adjuvant chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
Purpose: This study aims to develop a multi-gene assay predictive of the clinical benefits of chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and substantiate their protein expression as potential therapeutic targets. (cdc.gov)

The second study, ECOG-ACRIN E1505, [ 5 ] a randomized prospective trial, evaluated the addition of bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the VEGF and that is currently approved as part of the treatment of selected patients with advanced disease, to chemotherapy in the adjuvant setting for patients with NSCLC. (medscape.com)
With chemotherapy for stage IB or II NSCLC, the goal is to complete four cycles. (medscape.com)
Atezolizumab 840mg IV q2Weeks, 1200 mg IV q3Weeks, or 1680 mg IV q4Weeks for up to 1 year (for completely resected IIB-IIIA or high-risk stage IIA programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) ≥1% NSCLC in patients who previously received adjuvant chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
2 - Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy can be used on both NSCLC as well as on the SCLC type of lung cancer. (lamedtrip.com)
Would you consider using sotorasib first line in patient with metastatic KRAS G12C NSCLC who declines chemotherapy? (themednet.org)

Oral uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin compared with intravenous fluorouracil and leucovorin in stage II and III carcinoma of the colon: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol C-06. (thelancet.com)
Adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer after surgical resection has been under clinical investigation for decades. (scite.ai)
Meta-analyses reported from Western countries have shown either no or borderline benefit for chemotherapy after surgical resection of gastric cancer. (scite.ai)
Conclusions: In the largest study to date evaluating efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy, while no difference in OS was observed for adjuvant chemotherapy in all patients, a longer OS was observed among patients with N2-3 disease or with positive surgical margins. (houstonmethodist.org)
Standard treatment of superficial bladder cancer is surgical removal and adjuvant therapy to decrease the risk of recurrent cancer or progression to more invasive disease. (cancerconnect.com)
Current therapy for early-stage disease is surgical with adjuvant therapy being administered according to histopathologic findings. (jnccn.org)
Current standard of care treatment for patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is either definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiation with the addition of radiosensitizing chemotherapy when high risk features are noted on final pathology. (biomedcentral.com)

All patients were classified into two groups: the AC group included patients who received postoperative chemotherapy and a control group. (medscape.com)

Levamisole and fluorouracil for adjuvant therapy of resected colon carcinoma. (thelancet.com)
Choice of adjuvant therapy for high risk endometrial cancers is controversial. (viamedica.pl)
However, the role of adjuvant therapy is unclear. (houstonmethodist.org)
Patients were divided into two groups based on the adjuvant therapy they received: chemotherapy alone or observation. (houstonmethodist.org)
When chemotherapy is used after surgery it is referred to as adjuvant therapy, whereas chemotherapy given before surgery is called neoadjuvant therapy. (umassmed.edu)
Most physicians believe that combination chemotherapy (administering two or more drugs) is most effective for breast cancer patients because combination therapy has been shown to provide better cancer cell control with lower doses of individual drugs. (imaginis.com)
Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment. (bvsalud.org)
PHESGO TM is indicated for use in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of adult patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who have not received prior anti-HER2 therapy or chemotherapy for metastatic disease. (gene.com)
Adjuvant therapy of cancer III / edited by Sydney E. Salmon, Stephen E. Jones. (who.int)
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Adjuvant Therapy of Cancer, Tucson, Arizona, March 18-21, 1981. (who.int)

These include immunotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy. (urotoday.com)
Both CodeBreaK100 and CodeBreaK 200 (presented at ESMO) included only patients previously treated with either chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or both. (themednet.org)

The most recent basal-like and non-basal-like subtypes within TNBC is important 2015 St. Gallen International Expert Consensus has suggested that for the choice of chemotherapy, in that carboplatin is as effective discrimination between patients who will or will not benefit from as docetaxel in basal-like subtypes, but less so in other intrinsic particular therapies is the key question (Table 2) [6]. (2medicalcare.com)

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology , 63 (5), 919-927. (elsevier.com)

Information on adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer is largely derived from meta-analyses. (springeropen.com)
The aim of this study was to scrutinize the evidence of adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer by assessing the quality of the medical literature of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). (elsevier.com)
Finally, the level of recommendation for adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric cancer was to be a "B" according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) System. (elsevier.com)
Multidisciplinary discussion to develop and refine trial design is important for procuring better quality of RCTs of adjuvant chemotherapy of gastric cancer. (elsevier.com)

Adjuvant chemotherapy was been admitted unnecessary in the pathological stage ⅡA (pT0-3N0M0) CRC following initial treatment of surgery without high risk factors of recurrences. (centerwatch.com)
Immediate adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation with treatment at relapse in pathological stage II testicular cancer. (duke.edu)
Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity occurred in 28% of patients during the adjuvant chemotherapy treatment with temozolomide. (elsevier.com)
Moreover, in the latter group, the chemotherapy treatment did not consistently correlate to a significant altered response in the different parameters. (biomedcentral.com)
Most importantly, it is demonstrated that chemotherapy does not significantly impair the immune system, implying that cancer patients are likely to respond to a cancer vaccine even after a chemotherapy treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of the present study was to develop a clinical decision support system based on DoMore-v1-CRC and pathological staging markers to facilitate individualised selection of adjuvant treatment. (ox.ac.uk)
Avoiding adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients might be safe, and could reduce morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. (ox.ac.uk)
Patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy were more likely to have positive margins were younger and more likely to receive treatment at a nonacademic facility. (houstonmethodist.org)
A case of dMMR and MSI-H LARC with KRAS mutation that achieved pathological complete response of primary lesion and liver metastases after neoadjuvant short-course radiotherapy followed by four cycles chemotherapy of XELOX plus PD-1 inhibitor tislelizumab and a subsequent total mesorectal excision indicates that this combined treatment strategy has remarkable clinical response both in locoregional and distant diseases. (semanticscholar.org)
After the patients discussed adjuvant treatment with their treating physicians, the physicians filled in the questionnaire before assay indicating the treatment recommendation. (elsevier.com)
While this article discusses many of the side effects of chemotherapy in detail, it is important to note that the majority of the side effects associated with chemotherapy are temporary and only occur during or immediately after treatment. (imaginis.com)
Chemotherapy is only one possible treatment for breast cancer and may be used in addition to surgery or other treatments. (imaginis.com)
Patients should discuss all aspects of chemotherapy and breast cancer treatment with their physician or cancer treatment team. (imaginis.com)
Breast cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy may be given one drug or a combination of two or more drugs during treatment. (imaginis.com)
Chemotherapy may be the only treatment a breast cancer patient receives, or it may be given before or after breast cancer surgery or other treatments. (imaginis.com)
Post-orchiectomy primary treatment for pure seminoma includes surveillance, radiotherapy, 0r chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
KENILWORTH, N.J.-( BUSINESS WIRE )-AstraZeneca and Merck (NYSE:MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada), today presented full results from the Phase 3 SOLO3 trial which evaluated LYNPARZA, compared to chemotherapy, for the treatment of platinum-sensitive relapsed patients with germline BRCA1/2 -mutated (g BRCA m) advanced ovarian cancer, who have received two more prior lines of chemotherapy. (merck.com)
7% of patients discontinued treatment vs. 20% in the chemotherapy arm. (merck.com)
In ocular conjunctival carcinoma after surgery, adjuvant treatment has a role and kilovoltage surface brachytherapy opens a new door for the range of therapeutic options. (ecancer.org)
The unfavourable prognosis of BTC provides the rationale to identify effective adjuvant treatment strategies for this disease. (biomedcentral.com)
One meta-analysis [ 9 ] evaluating the impact of adjuvant treatment with systemic chemotherapy, radiation, or combined chemoradiation in patients after BTC resection suggested a benefit for high-risk patients with positive lymph nodes or positive resection margins [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
As such, chemotherapy alone continues to be the standard adjuvant treatment for patients with resectable lung cancer. (medscape.com)
Trastuzumab re-treatment following adjuvant trastuzumab and the importance of distant disease-free interval: the HERA trial experience. (bigagainstbreastcancer.org)
The aim of this study is to evaluate treatment outcomes of uterine sarcoma at a single institute and to validate the role of adjuvant whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT). (e-roj.org)

Subsequent trials supported the benefit of adjuvant fluorouracil but not levamisole. (thelancet.com)
The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients remains unclear. (nih.gov)
Some studies suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy only be recommended for patients with positive lymph node (Earle and Maroun 1999 ), or not recommended because the benefit was small (Janunger et al. (springeropen.com)
We show that a Ki67-positive status is not only inde- pendently associated with shorter DFS, but also with the benefit of a docetaxel addition in women treated with adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy . (123dok.net)
Due to benefit in stage II CRC is still unclear, it must be considered potential toxicity of chemotherapy agents, for instance, the potentially debilitating neuropathy related to oxaliplatin as well as the arguably benefit of oxaliplatin in patients >70 years of age [12,13]. (biomedgrid.com)
On the other hand, there was no statistically significant benefit associated with adjuvant chemotherapy in ctDNA-negative patients (HR 1.71, 95% CI 0.80-3.70, P =0.167). (medpagetoday.com)
We have some markers, but they are not very targeted, and as a result a lot of people who won't benefit end up suffering the toxicity and cost of chemotherapy, while individuals who are likely to benefit sometimes get skipped. (medpagetoday.com)
We could very confidently make decisions about who would benefit from additional chemotherapy, and perhaps keep them disease free for a longer period of time. (medpagetoday.com)
This study shows that when given early after adjuvant chemotherapy for HER-2 positive breast cancer , trastuzumab provides significant mortality benefit in as little as two years. (bmj.com)
the benefit of adding adjuvant chemotherapy increases as disease stage increases. (medscape.com)

CEA expression was correlated with tumor stage (r = 0.594, p = 0.000) before chemotherapy, whereas its expression after chemotherapy was correlated with serum levels of CA125 antigen (r = 0.658, p = 0.000). (nature.com)
Thus, in the con- text of CRC, the tumor expression of OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, CTR1 and ATP7B may affect response to FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy . (123dok.net)
The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective assessment, in tumor samples after surgery and before chemotherapy , of the relation between the expression of oxaliplatin transporters (OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, CTR1 and ATP7B) and the response to adjuvant FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy , in responder and non-responder patients. (123dok.net)
Even though the tumor was removed, chemotherapy is given to treat any cancer cells that may remain. (medlineplus.gov)

Irinotecan and oxaliplatin improved outcome in advanced disease and were therefore evaluated in the adjuvant setting. (thelancet.com)
We retrospectively identified patients aged 20-79 years, with stage III CC, who received adjuvant chemotherapy with or without oxaliplatin, between the years 2009 and 2012. (biomedcentral.com)
Among 938 eligible patients, 203 and 201 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy with and without oxaliplatin, respectively, were selected by propensity score matching. (biomedcentral.com)
First-line chemotherapy commonly associates 5-fluorouracil, folinic acid and oxaliplatin in the FOLFOX-4 protocol. (123dok.net)

With combination chemotherapy, better results may be achieved while causing fewer of the side effects associated with higher doses of an individual drug. (imaginis.com)

Although adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine has been an important option for patients, better drug approaches are needed, says gastrointestinal oncologist Dr. William T. Leslie of Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois, who was not involved in the new study. (letswinpc.org)
In a Phase IIb study, Mas receptor agonist A(1-7) reduced the incidence and severity of thrombocytopenia in subjects receiving a combination of gemcitabine and platinum for ovarian carcinoma and allowed maintenance of chemotherapy dose density. (usc.edu)

Analysis of circulating microRNAs during adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with luminal A breast cancer. (istanbul.edu.tr)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy/safety of adjuvant chemotherapy in clinical local advanced CRC (cTxN1/2M0) following preoperational adjuvant therapies and pathologically proved pT0-3N0M0 CRC. (centerwatch.com)
Different adjuvants currently used in cancer vaccine clinical trials were evaluated in the present study on immune cells from cancer patients before and after chemotherapy in an ex vivo setting. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study is the first analysis of immunological effects induced by adjuvants in cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy, who are enrolled in the currently ongoing cancer vaccine clinical trials. (biomedcentral.com)
However, to this date, very little clinical studies have been done in CRC and no study in the context of adjuvant chemotherapy . (123dok.net)
No clinical study has ever assessed the relation between the chemotherapy response and the expression of OCT1, OCT3 and CTR1 in CRC. (123dok.net)
A new clinical trial looks at a special diet that tries to curb a patient's metabolism to slow cancer growth during chemotherapy. (letswinpc.org)
Despite improving clinical outcomes, chemotherapy-induced toxicities, in particular, myelosuppression continues to be a major clinical challenge. (usc.edu)
Dr. Roy Baynes, senior vice president and head of global clinical development, chief medical officer, Merck Research Laboratories, said, "LYNPARZA is the first and only PARP inhibitor to demonstrate efficacy versus chemotherapy in relapsed BRCA -mutated advanced ovarian cancer following two or more prior lines of chemotherapy. (merck.com)

SOLO3 is a Phase 3 randomized, open-label, controlled, multi-center trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LYNPARZA tablets following two or more prior lines of chemotherapy. (merck.com)
SVB Leerink analyst Andrew Berens, for his part, expects to see swift uptake, with "superlative efficacy likely to rapidly establish Tagrisso adjuvant usage as standard of care," he wrote in a Friday note to clients. (lcfamerica.org)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. (who.int)

There is also long experience in gynecological oncology using pelvic radiotherapy alone instead of chemotherapy for chemotherapy-intolerant patients. (urotoday.com)

Patients and methods: Forty-three patients 70 years of age or older with a newly diagnosed GBM and a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) ≥ 60 were treated with hypofractionated RT (6 fractions of 5 Gy each for a total of 30 Gy over 2 weeks) followed by up to 12 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide (150-200 mg/m 2 for 5 days during each 28 day cycle). (elsevier.com)
Eighty-four percent of patients were able to complete all 6 planned cycles of chemotherapy and 92% completed at least 4 cycles. (viamedica.pl)
they typically include rest cycles because chemotherapy drugs target both healthy and cancerous cells. (imaginis.com)

Additionally, there is no reduction in the local failure rate with the addition of chemotherapy. (urotoday.com)

Patients and Methods In a prospective, observational, multicenter study in patients younger than 70 years old who had undergone surgery for ER-positive, early-stage breast cancer, physicians were asked whether they intended to administer adjuvant CT before deployment of the 70-GS test and after the test result was available. (researcher-app.com)

More recently, GORTEC 2007-02 showed no improvement in PFS or OS with induction chemotherapy followed by cetuximab radiotherapy compared to chemoradiotherapy, though there was a reduction in the rate of distant metastases (DM) in the induction chemotherapy arm [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Again, there was substantially increased toxicity in the induction chemotherapy arms. (biomedcentral.com)

Patients with advanced and inoperable cholangiocarcinoma are generally treated with chemotherapy and palliative care measures. (bionity.com)
Eighty-nine of the patients received chemotherapy either as neoadjuvant, adjuvant or with palliative intent. (who.int)

For chemotherapy-naïve pathological stage T3-T4 or N+ disease, adjuvant chemotherapy is frequently employed. (urotoday.com)
The most recent NCCN guidelines recommend adjuvant radiotherapy along with chemotherapy for pathological stage T3-T4 N0-N+ disease. (urotoday.com)

Rates of pathologic complete practice due to its high cost and the extensive resources required, response (pCR) following anthracycline/taxane chemotherapy are surrogate definitions of the subtype based on semiquantitative 25%-35%, and patients achieving pCR have better outcomes from IHC scoring of ER, PR, and in situ hybridization tests for HER2 among those patients with TNBC [11]. (2medicalcare.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms4

Diseases73

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment74

Phenomena and Processes10

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science2

Health Care31

Serum sErbB1 and epidermal growth factor levels as tumor biomarkers in women with stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer. (1/4884)

Multimodality therapy for locally advanced and limited stage IV breast cancer: the impact of effective non-cross-resistance late-consolidation chemotherapy. (2/4884)

Necrosis correlates with high vascular density and focal macrophage infiltration in invasive carcinoma of the breast. (3/4884)

Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children's Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study. (4/4884)

Pamidronate reduces skeletal morbidity in women with advanced breast cancer and lytic bone lesions: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Protocol 18 Aredia Breast Cancer Study Group. (5/4884)

Combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. (6/4884)

Multi-institutional melanoma lymphatic mapping experience: the prognostic value of sentinel lymph node status in 612 stage I or II melanoma patients. (7/4884)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast carcinoma larger than 3 cm: a unicentre randomized trial with a 124-month median follow-up. Institut Bergonie Bordeaux Groupe Sein (IBBGS). (8/4884)

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Combined Modality Therapy

Freund's Adjuvant

Antineoplastic Agents

Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

Cisplatin

Cyclophosphamide

Treatment Outcome

Doxorubicin

Breast Neoplasms

Disease-Free Survival

Neoplasm Staging

Neoadjuvant Therapy

Survival Analysis

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic

Prognosis

Survival Rate

Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Methotrexate

Drug Administration Schedule

Etoposide

Lung Neoplasms

Paclitaxel

Carboplatin

Vinblastine

Taxoids

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic

Follow-Up Studies

Induction Chemotherapy

Anthracyclines

Organoplatinum Compounds

Drug Resistance, Neoplasm

Deoxycytidine

Ifosfamide

Neoplasms

Bleomycin

Adenocarcinoma

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating

Time Factors

Neoplasm Metastasis

Tamoxifen

Lymphatic Metastasis

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

Clinical Trials as Topic

Salvage Therapy

Chemotherapy, Cancer, Regional Perfusion

Kaplan-Meier Estimate

Colorectal Neoplasms

Testicular Neoplasms

Ovarian Neoplasms

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Cytarabine

Radiotherapy

Prospective Studies

Neutropenia

Aluminum Hydroxide

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic

Dacarbazine

Vomiting

Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Nausea

Transplantation, Autologous

Tumor Markers, Biological

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic

Brain Neoplasms

Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

Lomustine

Tegafur

Bone Neoplasms

Hodgkin Disease

Stomach Neoplasms

Recurrence

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

Mitomycin

Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Carmustine