Chemotaxis leukocyte. Medical search

The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.

The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Movement of tethered, spherical LEUKOCYTES along the endothelial surface of the microvasculature. The tethering and rolling involves interaction with SELECTINS and other adhesion molecules in both the ENDOTHELIUM and leukocyte. The rolling leukocyte then becomes activated by CHEMOKINES, flattens out, and firmly adheres to the endothelial surface in preparation for transmigration through the interendothelial cell junction. (From Abbas, Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 3rd ed)

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

Chemical substances that attract or repel cells. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, microbial invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract LEUKOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; or other cells to the site of infection or insult.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.

A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.

Assays that measure the rate of migration of LEUKOCYTES. They may involve a variety of techniques such as measuring the movement of leukocytes through substrates such as AGAROSE gels or the rate of exit of cells from a glass capillary.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins, including elastin. It cleaves preferentially bonds at the carboxyl side of Ala and Val, with greater specificity for Ala. EC 3.4.21.37.

Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A proteinase inhibitor found in various BODILY SECRETIONS that coat mucosal surfaces such as SEMINAL PLASMA; CERVICAL MUCUS; and bronchial secretions. It plays a role in protecting epithelial tissues from LEUKOCYTE-derived serine proteases such as NEUTROPHIL ELASTASE.

Group of chemokines with paired cysteines separated by a different amino acid. CXC chemokines are chemoattractants for neutrophils but not monocytes.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

The minute vessels that collect blood from the capillary plexuses and join together to form veins.

Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

Cell-surface glycoprotein beta-chains that are non-covalently linked to specific alpha-chains of the CD11 family of leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION). A defect in the gene encoding CD18 causes LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

The minor fragment formed when C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and COMPLEMENT C5B. C5a is a 74-amino-acid glycopeptide with a carboxy-terminal ARGININE that is crucial for its spasmogenic activity. Of all the complement-derived anaphylatoxins, C5a is the most potent in mediating immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE), smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; HISTAMINE RELEASE; and migration of LEUKOCYTES to site of INFLAMMATION.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR4 RECEPTORS. Two isoforms of CXCL12 are produced by alternative mRNA splicing.

The transfer of leukocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.

High-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and T-LYMPHOCYTES. These receptors also bind several other CXC CHEMOKINES.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates the adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes to activated platelets and endothelial cells.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They can be divided into at least three structural branches: C; (CHEMOKINES, C); CC; (CHEMOKINES, CC); and CXC; (CHEMOKINES, CXC); according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.

A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that was originally identified by its ability to bind N-formyl peptides such as N-FORMYLMETHIONINE LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE. Since N-formyl peptides are found in MITOCHONDRIA and BACTERIA, this class of receptors is believed to play a role in mediating cellular responses to cellular damage and bacterial invasion. However, non-formylated peptide ligands have also been found for this receptor class.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

An adhesion-promoting leukocyte surface membrane heterodimer. The alpha subunit consists of the CD11b ANTIGEN and the beta subunit the CD18 ANTIGEN. The antigen, which is an integrin, functions both as a receptor for complement 3 and in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesive interactions.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A cell-surface ligand involved in leukocyte adhesion and inflammation. Its production is induced by gamma-interferon and it is required for neutrophil migration into inflamed tissue.

High-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and BASOPHILS.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Surface ligands, usually glycoproteins, that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion. Their functions include the assembly and interconnection of various vertebrate systems, as well as maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, morphogenic movements, cellular migrations, and metastasis.

The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

The process in which the neutrophil is stimulated by diverse substances, resulting in degranulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen products, and culminating in the destruction of invading pathogens. The stimulatory substances, including opsonized particles, immune complexes, and chemotactic factors, bind to specific cell-surface receptors on the neutrophil.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Rare, autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the beta 2 integrin receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION) comprising the CD11/CD18 family of glycoproteins. The syndrome is characterized by abnormal adhesion-dependent functions, especially defective tissue emigration of neutrophils, leading to recurrent infection.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that serves as a homing receptor for lymphocytes to lymph node high endothelial venules.

A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Test for cell-mediated antitumor immunity and related serum blocking factors based on the finding that leukocytes from cancer patients, but not from controls, when mixed in vitro with antigenic extracts of tumors of the same histological type, undergo a diminution in their normal adherence to glass surfaces. Sera from tumor-bearing patients block the LAI reaction of their own leukocytes or those of other patients with the same type of tumor.

An integrin heterodimer widely expressed on cells of hematopoietic origin. CD11A ANTIGEN comprises the alpha chain and the CD18 antigen (ANTIGENS, CD18) the beta chain. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 is a major receptor of T-CELLS; B-CELLS; and GRANULOCYTES. It mediates the leukocyte adhesion reactions underlying cytolytic conjugate formation, helper T-cell interactions, and antibody-dependent killing by NATURAL KILLER CELLS and granulocytes. Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 has been defined as a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1.

Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils.

CXCR receptors with specificity for CXCL12 CHEMOKINE. The receptors may play a role in HEMATOPOIESIS regulation and can also function as coreceptors for the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

Family of proteins associated with the capacity of LEUKOCYTES to adhere to each other and to certain substrata, e.g., the C3bi component of complement. Members of this family are the LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; (LFA-1), the MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; (Mac-1), and the INTEGRIN ALPHAXBETA2 or p150,95 leukocyte adhesion protein. They all share a common beta-subunit which is the CD18 antigen. All three of the above antigens are absent in inherited LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, which is characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, impaired pus formation, and wound healing as well as abnormalities in a wide spectrum of adherence-dependent functions of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid cells.

Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.

Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The diffusion or accumulation of neutrophils in tissues or cells in response to a wide variety of substances released at the sites of inflammatory reactions.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Cell adhesion molecule and CD antigen that mediates neutrophil, monocyte, and memory T-cell adhesion to cytokine-activated endothelial cells. E-selectin recognizes sialylated carbohydrate groups related to the Lewis X or Lewis A family.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; BASOPHILS; and NK CELLS.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.

A dynamic actin-rich extension of the surface of an animal cell used for locomotion or prehension of food.

Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.

Effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formylmethionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eucaryotic cells.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A CC-type chemokine that is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS; MONOCYTES; and LYMPHOCYTES. It is a potent and selective eosinophil chemotaxin that is stored in and released from PLATELETS and activated T-LYMPHOCYTES. Chemokine CCL5 is specific for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR3 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS. The acronym RANTES refers to Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted.

Cell surface proteins that bind amino acids and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors are the most common receptors for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system, and GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and glycine receptors are the most common receptors for fast inhibition.

Transmembrane proteins consisting of a lectin-like domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a variable number of domains that are homologous to complement regulatory proteins. They are important cell adhesion molecules which help LEUKOCYTES attach to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

C5 plays a central role in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C5 is cleaved by C5 CONVERTASE into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. The smaller fragment C5a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of inflammatory process. The major fragment C5b binds to the membrane initiating the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

A CXC chemokine with specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS. It has growth factor activities and is implicated as a oncogenic factor in several tumor types.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Cytokine-induced cell adhesion molecule present on activated endothelial cells, tissue macrophages, dendritic cells, bone marrow fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes. It is important for the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. (From Pigott & Power, The Adhesion Molecule FactsBook, 1993, p154)

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards T LYMPHOCYTES and B LYMPHOCYTES.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.

The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of their own type.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. Chemokine CCL7 has specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR2 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS.

Cell surface proteins that bind LIPOXINS with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.

Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Heparin-binding proteins that exhibit a number of inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. Originally identified as secretory products of MACROPHAGES, these chemokines are produced by a variety of cell types including NEUTROPHILS; FIBROBLASTS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS. They likely play a significant role in respiratory tract defenses.

A family of transmembrane glycoproteins (MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEINS) consisting of noncovalent heterodimers. They interact with a wide variety of ligands including EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX PROTEINS; COMPLEMENT, and other cells, while their intracellular domains interact with the CYTOSKELETON. The integrins consist of at least three identified families: the cytoadhesin receptors(RECEPTORS, CYTOADHESIN), the leukocyte adhesion receptors (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION), and the VERY LATE ANTIGEN RECEPTORS. Each family contains a common beta-subunit (INTEGRIN BETA CHAINS) combined with one or more distinct alpha-subunits (INTEGRIN ALPHA CHAINS). These receptors participate in cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion in many physiologically important processes, including embryological development; HEMOSTASIS; THROMBOSIS; WOUND HEALING; immune and nonimmune defense mechanisms; and oncogenic transformation.

CXCR receptors that are expressed on the surface of a number of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; NK CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; and a subset of B-LYMPHOCYTES. The receptors are activated by CHEMOKINE CXCL9; CHEMOKINE CXCL10; and CHEMOKINE CXCL11.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

A CX3C chemokine that is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of cells. The soluble form of chemokine CX3CL1 can be released from cell surface by proteolysis and act as a chemoattractant that may be involved in the extravasation of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. The membrane form of the protein may also play a role in cell adhesion.

A sub-family of RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that is involved in regulating the organization of cytoskeletal filaments. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

A protease of broad specificity, obtained from dried pancreas. Molecular weight is approximately 25,000. The enzyme breaks down elastin, the specific protein of elastic fibers, and digests other proteins such as fibrin, hemoglobin, and albumin. EC 3.4.21.36.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes formed through the association of a p110gamma catalytic subunit and one of the three regulatory subunits of 84, 87, and 101 kDa in size. This subclass of enzymes is a downstream target of G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Chemokines that are chemoattractants for monocytes. These CC chemokines (cysteines adjacent) number at least three including CHEMOKINE CCL2.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A large increase in oxygen uptake by neutrophils and most types of tissue macrophages through activation of an NADPH-cytochrome b-dependent oxidase that reduces oxygen to a superoxide. Individuals with an inherited defect in which the oxidase that reduces oxygen to superoxide is decreased or absent (GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC) often die as a result of recurrent bacterial infections.

A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES and a variety of other immune cells. This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. They are expressed at high levels in MONOCYTES; tissue MACROPHAGES; NEUTROPHILS; and EOSINOPHILS.

INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.

A class of cell surface leukotriene receptors with a preference for leukotriene B4. Leukotriene B4 receptor activation influences chemotaxis, chemokinesis, adherence, enzyme release, oxidative bursts, and degranulation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. There are at least two subtypes of these receptors. Some actions are mediated through the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS and T-LYMPHOCYTES.

Disordered formation of various types of leukocytes or an abnormal accumulation or deficiency of these cells.

A group of three different alpha chains (CD11a, CD11b, CD11c) that are associated with an invariant CD18 beta chain (ANTIGENS, CD18). The three resulting leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE ADHESION) are LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTION-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN-1; MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN; and ANTIGEN, P150,95.

An integrin alpha subunit that is unique in that it does not contain an I domain, and its proteolytic cleavage site is near the middle of the extracellular portion of the polypeptide rather than close to the membrane as in other integrin alpha subunits.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.

The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.

A G-protein-coupled receptor that signals an increase in intracellular calcium in response to the potent ANAPHYLATOXIN peptide COMPLEMENT C5A.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

Peptides and proteins found in BODILY SECRETIONS and BODY FLUIDS that are PROTEASE INHIBITORS. They play a role in INFLAMMATION, tissue repair and innate immunity (IMMUNITY, INNATE) by inhibiting endogenous proteinases such as those produced by LEUKOCYTES and exogenous proteases such as those produced by invading microorganisms.

Group of chemokines with the first two cysteines separated by three amino acids. CX3C chemokines are chemotactic for natural killer cells, monocytes, and activated T-cells.

Cell adhesion molecule expressed on activated leukocytes, fibroblasts, and neurons. It is a ligand for CD6. ALCAM-CD6 interactions may play a role in the binding of T and B cells to activated leukocytes.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

One of the virulence factors produced by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS. It is a multimeric protein composed of five subunits S1 - S5. S1 contains mono ADPribose transferase activity.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A technique to study CELL MIGRATION in the INFLAMMATION process or during immune reactions. After an area on the skin is abraded, the movement of cells in the area is followed via microscopic observation of the exudate through a coverslip or tissue culture chamber placed over the area.

The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES; and a variety of other immune cells. This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes.

A subclass of HLA-D antigens that consist of alpha and beta chains. The inheritance of HLA-DR antigens differs from that of the HLA-DQ ANTIGENS and HLA-DP ANTIGENS.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL11 and a variety of other CC CHEMOKINES. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; BASOPHILS; and MAST CELLS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

A serine protease found in the azurophil granules of NEUTROPHILS. It has an enzyme specificity similar to that of chymotrypsin C.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Any of several ways in which living cells of an organism communicate with one another, whether by direct contact between cells or by means of chemical signals carried by neurotransmitter substances, hormones, and cyclic AMP.

A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.

Methods utilizing the principles of MICROFLUIDICS for sample handling, reagent mixing, and separation and detection of specific components in fluids.

A transient increase in the number of leukocytes in a body fluid.

Organic esters of thioglycolic acid (HS-CH2COOH).

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A species of motile, free-living, gram-negative bacteria that occur in the soil. They are aerobic or microaerophilic and are sometimes capable of nitrogen fixation.

A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A genus of flexible, spiral rods found in hydrogen sulfide-containing mud, sewage, and polluted water. None of the species properly referred to in this genus are pathogenic.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL3; CHEMOKINE CCL4; and CHEMOKINE CCL5. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; and NK CELLS. The CCR5 receptor is used by the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS to infect cells.

An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Venous vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the mother to the FETUS via the PLACENTA. In humans, there is normally one umbilical vein.

A CXC chemokine that is synthesized by activated MONOCYTES and NEUTROPHILS. It has specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a potent chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.

The process of losing secretory granules (SECRETORY VESICLES). This occurs, for example, in mast cells, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, and platelets when secretory products are released from the granules by EXOCYTOSIS.

Integrin alpha4beta1 is a FIBRONECTIN and VCAM-1 receptor present on LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; NK CELLS and thymocytes. It is involved in both cell-cell and cell- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX adhesion and plays a role in INFLAMMATION, hematopoietic cell homing and immune function, and has been implicated in skeletal MYOGENESIS; NEURAL CREST migration and proliferation, lymphocyte maturation and morphogenesis of the PLACENTA and HEART.

A CD antigen that contains a conserved I domain which is involved in ligand binding. When combined with CD18 the two subunits form MACROPHAGE-1 ANTIGEN.

A CELL LINE derived from human T-CELL LEUKEMIA and used to determine the mechanism of differential susceptibility to anti-cancer drugs and radiation.

A derivative of complement C5a, generated when the carboxy-terminal ARGININE is removed by CARBOXYPEPTIDASE B present in normal human serum. C5a des-Arg shows complete loss of spasmogenic activity though it retains some chemotactic ability (CHEMOATTRACTANTS).

The study of fluid channels and chambers of tiny dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers and volumes of nanoliters or picoliters. This is of interest in biological MICROCIRCULATION and used in MICROCHEMISTRY and INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.

Specialized structures of the cell that extend the cell membrane and project out from the cell surface.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract eosinophils; they may be complement fragments, lymphokines, neutrophil products, histamine or other; the best known is the tetrapeptide ECF-A, released mainly by mast cells.

A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON and is chemotactic for MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR.

Phosphatidylinositols in which one or more alcohol group of the inositol has been substituted with a phosphate group.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Polymorphic class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens present on almost all nucleated cells. At least 20 antigens have been identified which are encoded by the A locus of multiple alleles on chromosome 6. They serve as targets for T-cell cytolytic responses and are involved with acceptance or rejection of tissue/organ grafts.

Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by alleles on locus B of the HLA complex. The HLA-G antigens are considered non-classical class I antigens due to their distinct tissue distribution which differs from HLA-A; HLA-B; and HLA-C antigens. Note that several isoforms of HLA-G antigens result from alternative splicing of messenger RNAs produced from the HLA-G*01 allele.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

The loss of some TELOMERE sequence during DNA REPLICATION of the first several base pairs of a linear DNA molecule; or from DNA DAMAGE. Cells have various mechanisms to restore length (TELOMERE HOMEOSTASIS.) Telomere shortening is involved in the progression of CELL AGING.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Trihydroxy derivatives of eicosanoic acids. They are primarily derived from arachidonic acid, however eicosapentaenoic acid derivatives also exist. Many of them are naturally occurring mediators of immune regulation.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, generates two bioactive products during the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein: use of a novel inhibitor. (1/4263)

A novel and potent azetidinone inhibitor of the lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), i.e. platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, is described for the first time. This inhibitor, SB-222657 (Ki=40+/-3 nM, kobs/[I]=6. 6x10(5) M-1.s-1), is inactive against paraoxonase, is a poor inhibitor of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and has been used to investigate the role of Lp-PLA2 in the oxidative modification of lipoproteins. Although pretreatment with SB-222657 did not affect the kinetics of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by Cu2+ or an azo free-radical generator as determined by assay of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances, in both cases it inhibited the elevation in lysophosphatidylcholine content. Moreover, the significantly increased monocyte chemoattractant activity found in a non-esterified fatty acid fraction from LDL oxidized by Cu2+ was also prevented by pretreatment with SB-222657, with an IC50 value of 5.0+/-0.4 nM. The less potent diastereoisomer of SB-222657, SB-223777 (Ki=6.3+/-0.5 microM, kobs/[I]=1.6x10(4) M-1.s-1), was found to be significantly less active in both assays. Thus, in addition to generating lysophosphatidylcholine, a known biologically active lipid, these results demonstrate that Lp-PLA2 is capable of generating oxidized non-esterified fatty acid moieties that are also bioactive. These findings are consistent with our proposal that Lp-PLA2 has a predominantly pro-inflammatory role in atherogenesis. Finally, similar studies have demonstrated that a different situation exists during the oxidation of high-density lipoprotein, with enzyme(s) other than Lp-PLA2 apparently being responsible for generating lysophosphatidylcholine. (+info)

Non-serum-dependent chemotactic factors produced by Candida albicans stimulate chemotaxis by binding to the formyl peptide receptor on neutrophils and to an unknown receptor on macrophages. (2/4263)

Serum-free culture filtrates of six Candida species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found to contain chemoattractants for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and a mouse macrophage-like cell line, J774. The chemotactic factors differed for the PMN and J774 cells, however, in terms of heat stability, kinetics of liberation by the yeast cells, and divalent cation requirements for production. The chemoattractant in Candida albicans culture filtrates appeared to act through the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) of PMNs, since it was found to induce chemotaxis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that were expressing the human FPR but did not induce chemotaxis of wild-type CHO cells. The C. albicans culture filtrates also induced migration of PMNs across confluent monolayers of a human gastrointestinal epithelial cell line, T84; migration occurred in the basolateral-to-apical direction but not the reverse direction, unless the epithelial tight junctions were disrupted. J774 cells did not migrate toward the formylated peptide (fMet-Leu-Phe; fMLF), and chemotaxis toward the C. albicans culture filtrate was not inhibited by an FPR antagonist (t-butoxycarbonyl-Met-Leu-Phe), suggesting that a different receptor mediated J774 cell chemotaxis. In conclusion, we have identified a receptor by which a non-serum-dependent chemotactic factor (NSCF) produced by C. albicans induced chemotaxis of PMNs. Additionally, we have shown that NSCF was active across epithelial monolayers. These findings suggest that NSCFs produced by C. albicans and other yeast species may influence host-pathogen interactions at the gastrointestinal tract mucosal surface by inducing phagocytic-cell infiltration. (+info)

Interleukin-8: A pathogenetic role in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated glomerulonephritis. (3/4263)

BACKGROUND: In neutrophil trafficking, the role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) is location dependent. Tissue IL-8 directs transmigration, whereas intravascular IL-8 frustrates this process. The bystander damage of glomerular endothelium by antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-activated neutrophils is believed to be an early event in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. We have studied the role of IL-8 in this process. METHODS: Intraglomerular expression of IL-8 in patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis was studied by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry and location of neutrophils by serial section immunohistochemistry. In vitro, we analyzed ANCA-stimulated neutrophil IL-8 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the IL-8 attributable effect of ANCA-stimulated neutrophil supernatant by chemotactic and transendothelial assays. RESULTS: There was intraglomerular expression of IL-8 at segmental, crescentic, and parietal epithelial sites. IL-8 protein expression colocalized to intraglomerular neutrophils; many localized within glomerular capillary loops, suggesting failed trafficking to tissue IL-8. ANCAs differentially stimulated time- and dose-dependent neutrophil IL-8 production, and ANCA-stimulated neutrophil supernatant demonstrated potent IL-8-dependent chemotactic activity and inhibited transendothelial migration of normal human neutrophils toward an IL-8 gradient. CONCLUSION: Despite heavy tissue expression of IL-8 in ANCA-associated GN, the production of IL-8 by ANCA-stimulated neutrophils within the intravascular compartment may frustrate neutrophil transmigration, encourage intravascular stasis, and contribute to bystander damage of glomerular endothelial cells. (+info)

Structural determinants of the eosinophil: chemotactic activity of the acidic tetrapeptides of eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis. (4/4263)

The acidic tetrapeptides of ECF-A, Ala/Val-Gly-Ser-Glu, exhibit peak in vitro chemotactic activity for human eosinophils at concentrations of 3 X 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M, and rapidly deactivate eosinophils to homologous and other stimuli at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M. The analogue Leu-Gly-Ser-Glu reaches peak activity at 10(-8)M-10(-7)M, while Phe-Gly-Ser-Glu requires 10(-4)M to elicit a peak response. Although inversion of the order of glycine and serine does not alter the eosinophil chemotactic activity of the tetrapeptides, deletion of glycine increases by 10-fold the concentration required for peak chemotactic activity, indicating the critical nature of the spacing between NH2- and COOH-terminal residues. The substituent COOH-terminal tripeptide, which is only marginally chemotactic, irreversibly suppresses eosinophil chemotactic responsiveness at a concentration 10,000-fold higher than concentrations necessary for deactivation by the intact tetrapeptide. The high concentration of tripeptide required for this cell directed effect, which is assumed to be analogous to deactivation, is attributed to the absence of the NH2-terminal residue which would facilitate effective interaction with the eosinophil. A substituent NH2-terminal tripeptide and amides of the NH2-terminal amino acids, which are devoid of chemotactic and deactivating activities, reversibly inhibit the tetrapeptide stimulus in a dose-response fashion. The additional finding that the NH2-terminal tripeptide protects the eosinophil from deactivation by the intact tetrapeptide confirms that the competitive interaction is stimulus specific. (+info)

Bile duct epithelial cells exposed to alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate produce a factor that causes neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular injury in vitro. (5/4263)

The acute hepatotoxicity induced by alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) in rats is manifested as neutrophil-dependent necrosis of bile duct epithelial cells (BDECs) and hepatic parenchymal cells. This hepatotoxicity mirrors that of drug-induced cholangiolitic hepatitis in humans. Since BDECs are primary targets of ANIT-induced toxicity, we hypothesized that after exposure to ANIT, BDECs produce a factor(s) that causes neutrophil chemotaxis and neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular injury. To test this hypothesis BDECs were isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats and incubated with ANIT (6.25, 12.5, 25, or 50 microM) or vehicle for 24 h. The conditioned medium (CM) was collected and placed in the bottom chamber of a two-chambered chemotaxis system, while isolated neutrophils were placed in the top chamber. Chemotaxis was indicated by neutrophil migration through a membrane to the bottom chamber. CM from BDECs exposed to each concentration of ANIT was chemotactic, whereas CM from vehicle-treated BDECs was not. ANIT alone caused a modest degree of chemotaxis at 50 microM. The conditioned media were added to isolated hepatocytes or to hepatocyte-neutrophil cocultures and incubated for 24 h. Hepatocyte toxicity was indicated by alanine aminotransferase release into the culture medium. CM from vehicle-treated BDECs did not cause hepatocyte killing in either hepatocyte-neutrophil cocultures or hepatocyte cultures. In contrast, the addition of CM from ANIT-treated BDECs (CM-BDEC-A) to hepatocyte-neutrophil cocultures resulted in hepatocyte killing. The same CM was not cytotoxic to hepatocyte cultures devoid of neutrophils. The hepatocyte killing could not be explained by residual ANIT in the CM, which was below the limit of detection (< or = 0.5 microM). The addition of antiproteases afforded protection against neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular injury induced by CM-BDEC-A. These results indicate that ANIT causes BDECs to release a factor(s) that attracts neutrophils and stimulates them to injure hepatocytes in vitro. (+info)

Selective eosinophil transendothelial migration triggered by eotaxin via modulation of Mac-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 interactions. (6/4263)

We have recently cloned eotaxin, a highly efficacious eosinophilic chemokine involved in the development of lung eosinophilia during allergic inflammatory reactions. To understand more precisely how eotaxin facilitates the specific migration of eosinophils, we have studied which adhesion receptors are essential for eotaxin action both in vivo and in vitro. Experiments using mice genetically deficient in adhesion receptors demonstrated that molecules previously reported to be involved in both leukocyte tethering/rolling (P-selectin and E-selectin) and in sticking/ transmigration (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1) are required for eotaxin action in vivo. To further elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in this process, we have used an in vitro transendothelial chemotaxis model. mAb neutralization studies performed in this system suggest that the integrins Mac-1 (CD11b/18), VLA-4 (alpha4beta1) and LFA-1 (CD11a/18) are involved in the transendothelial chemotaxis of eosinophils to eotaxin. Accordingly, the expression of these integrins on eosinophils is elevated by direct action of this chemokine in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that eotaxin-induced eosinophil transendothelial migration in vivo and in vitro relies on Mac-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4NCAM-1 interactions, the latter ones becoming more relevant at later time points of the eotaxin-induced recruitment process. (+info)

Selective recruitment of CCR4-bearing Th2 cells toward antigen-presenting cells by the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine. (7/4263)

Helper T cells are classified into Th1 and Th2 subsets based on their profiles of cytokine production. Th1 cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, whereas Th2 cells induce humoral responses. Selective recruitment of these two subsets depends on specific adhesion molecules and specific chemoattractants. Here, we demonstrate that the T cell-directed CC chemokine thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) was abundantly produced by monocytes treated with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or IL-3, especially in the presence of IL-4 and by dendritic cells derived from monocytes cultured with GM-CSF + IL-4. The receptor for TARC and another macrophage/dendritic cell-derived CC chemokine macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) is CCR4, a G protein-coupled receptor. CCR4 was found to be expressed on approximately 20% of adult peripheral blood effector/memory CD4+ T cells. T cells attracted by TARC and MDC generated cell lines predominantly producing Th2-type cytokines, IL-4 and IL-5. Fractionated CCR4+ cells but not CCR4- cells also selectively gave rise to Th2-type cell lines. When naive CD4+ T cells from adult peripheral blood were polarized in vitro, Th2-type cells selectively expressed CCR4 and vigorously migrated toward TARC and MDC. Taken together, CCR4 is selectively expressed on Th2-type T cells and antigen-presenting cells may recruit Th2 cells expressing CCR4 by producing TARC and MDC in Th2-dominant conditions. (+info)

Effect of leukocytes on corneal cellular proliferation and wound healing. (8/4263)

PURPOSE: To establish whether fucoidin, by blocking the adhesion of leukocytes on the limbal vascular endothelium, prevents extravasation of the cells from the blood stream into the limbal stroma and the wounded area after corneal injury. Successful leukocyte blocking enabled investigation of the influence of leukocytes on corneal cellular proliferation after corneal wounding. METHODS: Thirty-two New Zealand White rabbits were used. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and a standardized alkali corneal wound were used as models in two sets of experiments. In half of the injured rabbits fucoidin was used to prevent leukocytes from leaving the local vessels. The efficiency of the blocking technique was evaluated by counting the number of leukocytes in the limbal and wounded corneal areas. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was used as a marker for proliferative activity. RESULTS: The infiltration of leukocytes into the limbus and the cornea after PRK and alkali injuries can be blocked by fucoidin. The healing rate of corneal epithelium after alkali burn was retarded in the absence of leukocytes. PCNA expression was enhanced in the presence of leukocytes. Fucoidin per se had no influence on corneal cell proliferation and wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) can be prevented from entering the cornea in vivo by fucoidin after PRK and after alkali burn. The corneal epithelial healing rate is delayed in the absence of PMNs in vivo, and PCNA expression increases in the presence of leukocytes. (+info)

The mechanism of leukocyte locomotion. In: Gallin JL, Quie PG, eds. Leukocyte Chemotaxis. New York: Raven Press, 1978:143-57. ... The motor of ameboid leukocytes. Biochem Soc Symp. 1980; 45:51-63. 39. Becker EL, Stossel TP. Chemotaxis. Fed Proc. 1980; 39: ... The motor of leukocytes. Fed Proc. 1984; 43:2760-2763. 56. Stossel TP. Contribution of actin to the cytoplasmic matrix. J. Cell ... The motor of leukocytes and platelets. In: The Molecular Biology of the Arterial Wall. G. Schettler, ed., Springer-Verlag. 1987 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Stossel

Leukocyte chemotaxis: Methodology, physiology, clinical implications. New York.: Raven Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple ... fMLF led to the first discovery of a leukocyte receptor for a chemotactic factor, defined three different types of fMLF ... In 1887, Élie Metchnikoff observed that leukocytes isolated from the blood of various animals were attracted towards certain ... I. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses generic title (help) Harris H (Jul 1954). "Role of chemotaxis in inflammation". Physiological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine

Further, Slit2 participates in inhibiting leukocyte chemotaxis. In rats, Slit1 was found in the neurons of adult and fetal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slit_(protein)

He developed the first reliable in vitro technology to quantify leukocyte chemotaxis. His work led to the standard methodology ... Snyderman, R.; Goetzl, E. J. (1981-08-21). "Molecular and cellular mechanisms of leukocyte chemotaxis". Science. 213 (4510): ... There, he had the opportunity to learn how to separate proteins, measure cellular chemotaxis, and make an important biomedical ... His laboratory successfully discovered important aspects of the role of the complement system and cytokines in leukocyte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Snyderman

2010). Methods for Quantitation of Leukocyte Chemotaxis and Fugetaxis. T-Cell Trafficking. F. M. Marelli-Berg and S. Nourshargh ... 2001). "The neuronal repellent Slit inhibits leukocyte chemotaxis induced by chemotactic factors". Nature. 410 (6831): 948-952 ... Leukocytes can exhibit active chemorepulsion away from a factor that is normally considered to stimulate chemoattraction ... Other innate leukocytes include natural killer cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemorepulsion

Turner SR, Campbell JA, Lynn WS (June 1975). "Polymorphonulcear leukocyte chemotaxis toward oxidized lipid components of cell ... Leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase in these animal species shares 73-86% amino acid identity with human ALOX15 but only 57-66% ... In 1975, the first biological activity was attached to this metabolite in studies showing that it simulated the chemotaxis of ... Studies on rodents lacking or made deficient in the leukocyte-type 12-lipoxygenase, Alox12 (which is most closely related to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOX12

... activation mediates leukocyte chemotaxis toward TAAR1 agonists. TAAR1 agonists (specifically, trace amines) have also ... Leukocytes ...Pancreatic islet β cells ... Primary Tonsillar B Cells ... Circulating leukocytes of healthy subjects ( ... Babusyte A, Kotthoff M, Fiedler J, Krautwurst D (March 2013). "Biogenic amines activate blood leukocytes via trace amine- ... Response measured: cAMP accumulation ... Activation of leukocytes Species: Human Tissue: PMN, T and B cells Response measured: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TAAR1

2001). "The neuronal repellent Slit inhibits leukocyte chemotaxis induced by chemotactic factors". Nature. 410 (6831): 948-52. ... Wong K; Park HT; Wu JY; Rao Y (2003). "Slit proteins: molecular guidance cues for cells ranging from neurons to leukocytes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLIT2

These bacteria are not mediators of osteoclast activity but do cause leukocyte chemotaxis. Leukocytes differentiate into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooth_resorption

"The effect of verapamil and other calcium antagonists on chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes". Biochemical Pharmacology ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verapamil

This reduces leukocyte adhesion and infiltration into tissues, while also limiting damage to underlying tissue. APC supports ... endothelial barrier function and reduces chemotaxis. APC inhibits the release of inflammatory-response mediators in leukocytes ... and it is these cells and leukocytes (white blood cells) that APC affects.: 34 : 3162 Because of the crucial role that protein ... Activated leukocytes release these inflammatory mediators during inflammation, inhibiting the creation of both thrombomodulin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_C

The first studies of leukocyte killing in the presence of specific antiserum were performed by Joseph Denys and Joseph Leclef, ... I. Harris H (July 1954). "Role of chemotaxis in inflammation". Physiological Reviews. 34 (3): 529-62. doi:10.1152/physrev. ... In 1887, he observed that leukocytes isolated from the blood of various animals were attracted towards certain bacteria. ... Ward PA, Lepow IH, Newman LJ (April 1968). "Bacterial factors chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes". The American ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élie_Metchnikoff

Sialyl-Lewisx is important in leukocyte tethering and rolling. Leukocytes move through the blood stream and then tether ... Sialyl-Lewisx mediates phagocytosis and chemotaxis, found on neutrophils; expressed in patients with Hodgkin disease, some B- ... Sialyl-Lewisx is a necessary partner for the three selectins that bind the leukocyte and endothelial cells. When sialyl-Lewisx ... Sialyl Lewis x is being researched for detection and treatment of immune disorders because of its presence on leukocytes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialyl-Lewis_X

Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 67 (6): 869-75. doi:10.1002/jlb.67.6.869. PMID 10857861. S2CID 28719955. This article ... "Serum-induced monocyte differentiation and monocyte chemotaxis are regulated by the p38 MAP kinase signal transduction pathway ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAGLU

The effect of these gene knockouts appeared due to faulty leukocyte function and other causes leading to a breakdown in the ... and exhibit chemotaxis in response to H. pylori-derived peptide Hp(2-20)". Journal of Immunology. 172 (12): 7734-43. doi: ... "Evaluation of human leukocyte N-formylpeptide receptor (FPR1) SNPs in aggressive periodontitis patients". Genes and Immunity. 4 ... Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 67 (6): 869-75. doi:10.1002/jlb.67.6.869. PMID 10857861. S2CID 28719955. This article ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formyl_peptide_receptor_1

It is named after Morton McCutcheon who introduced it to describe chemotaxis in leukocytes. Chemotaxis in Leukocytes Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCutcheon_index

Here OPN knock-out mast cells were cultured and they observed a decreased level of chemotaxis in these cells compared to ... OPN binds to several integrin receptors including α4β1, α9β1, and α9β4 expressed by leukocytes. These receptors have been well- ... Seiffge D (December 1996). "Protective effects of monoclonal antibody to VLA-4 on leukocyte adhesion and course of disease in ... Burdo TH, Wood MR, Fox HS (June 2007). "Osteopontin prevents monocyte recirculation and apoptosis". Journal of Leukocyte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteopontin

ISBN 978-0-12-849905-4 Gallin, J. I. and Quie, P. G. "Leukocyte Chemotaxis: Methods, Physiology and Clinical Implications." New ... Human Services Secretary's Award for Distinguished Service 2002 Society for Leukocyte Biology Marie T. Bonazinga Lifetime ... microtubule and microfilament orientation and function during chemotaxis". Journal of Cell Biology. 75 (3): 666-693. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I._Gallin

70, 203-209 (1979). "Measurement of leukocyte motility and chemotaxis parameters using a quantitative analysis of the under- ... "Effects of cell motility and chemotaxis on microbial population growth" (with D. Lauffenburger and K. Keller). Biophys. J. 40, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_Aris_bibliography

Chemotaxis towards an injured cell". Antibiot. Chemother. 19: 369-81. doi:10.1159/000395442. PMID 4463832. Hu CL, Barnes FS ( ... see interactions of leukocytes with corpse of dead cells). Composition of the substances inducing necrotaxis is rather complex ... Necrotaxis embodies a special type of chemotaxis when the chemoattractant molecules are released from necrotic or apoptotic ... Debru C. (1993). "A particular form of chemotaxis: necrotaxis. An historical view". Blood Cells. 19 (1): 5-19. PMID 8400312. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotaxis

Ligands that activate DP2 stimulate the in vitro chemotaxis (i.e. directed migration) of leukocytes active in mediating ... PGD2, acting through DP2, stimulates the in vitro chemotaxis of CD8+ cells, although the contribution of this to the in vivo ... DP2 was found to stimulate the directed movement or chemotaxis of human T-helper type 2 cells (see T helper cell#Th1/Th2 Model ... "Prostaglandin D2 selectively induces chemotaxis in T helper type 2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils via seven-transmembrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_DP2_receptor

... consists of a thin, protein-rich fluid (historically known as liquor puris) and dead leukocytes from the body's immune ... which trigger neutrophils to seek the site of infection by chemotaxis. There, the neutrophils release granules, which destroy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pus

Lipocortin-1 both suppresses phospholipase A2, thereby blocking eicosanoid production, and inhibits various leukocyte ... inflammatory events (epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, etc.). In other words, ... secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor 1 (SLPI), and Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase (MAPK phosphatase) Increased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid

... both suppresses phospholipase A2, thereby blocking eicosanoid production, and inhibits various leukocyte ... inflammatory events (epithelial adhesion, emigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, etc.). In other words, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexin_A1

Impaired intracellular killing and chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) from early-onset periodontitis patients. Ain ... Impaired killing of Prevotella intermedia by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patients. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Abdel_Ghaffar

The protein is also known to interact with the protein KAI1 (CD82) a surface glycoprotein of leukocytes and may have a role in ... The formation of this heterodimer impairs chemotaxis and calcium flux through CCR5, whereas internalization of CCR5 in response ... It mediates chemokine transcytosis, which leads to apical retention of intact chemokines and more leukocyte migration. Binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duffy_antigen_system

Gillitzer R (August 2001). "Inflammation in human skin: a model to study chemokine-mediated leukocyte migration in vivo". The ... The CXCL9 is one of the chemokine which plays role to induce chemotaxis, promote differentiation and multiplication of ... leukocytes, and cause tissue extravasation. The CXCL9/CXCR3 receptor regulates immune cell migration, differentiation, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL9

... or leukocyte) integrins. αMβ2 is expressed on the surface of many leukocytes involved in the innate immune system, including ... chemotaxis and cellular activation. It is involved in the complement system due to its capacity to bind inactivated complement ... Todd RF, Petty HR (May 1997). "Beta 2 (CD11/CD18) integrins can serve as signaling partners for other leukocyte receptors". The ... Stewart M, Thiel M, Hogg N (October 1995). "Leukocyte integrins". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 7 (5): 690-6. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrin_alpha_M

... superoxide anion production and chemotaxis both human and rat PMN leukocytes and monocytes. Tyr-Lys-Pro exert considerable ... Leukokininase can be found on the outer membrane of phagocytic cells: blood neutrophil leukocytes of human and dog, rabbit ... Stimulation of phagocytosis is obtained with polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) cells from human, dog, rabbit and cow as well as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuftsin

Some leukocytes (white blood cells) act like independent, single-celled organisms and are the second arm of the innate immune ... During the acute phase of inflammation, neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation in a process called chemotaxis, and ... Granulocytes are leukocytes that have granules in their cytoplasm. In this category are neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, and ... The cells of the adaptive immune system are special types of leukocytes, called lymphocytes. B cells and T cells are the major ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system

positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis. *positive regulation of T cell proliferation. *positive regulation of interleukin- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_6

The released ATP preferentially attracts phagocytes through chemotaxis, rather than random migration through chemokineses. The ... Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 79 (5): 896-903. doi:10.1189/jlb.1005550. Ravichandran, Kodi S.; Lorenz, Ulrike (December 2007 ... "Roles of the ribosomal protein S19 dimer and the C5a receptor in pathophysiological functions of phagocytic leukocytes". ... "CX3CL1/fractalkine is released from apoptotic lymphocytes to stimulate macrophage chemotaxis". ashpublications.org. doi:10.1182 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find-me_signals

CXCR7 influences leukocyte entry into the CNS parenchyma by controlling abluminal CXCL12 abundance during autoimmunity. Cruz- ... "SDF-1 alpha induces chemotaxis and enhances Sonic hedgehog-induced proliferation of cerebellar granule cells". Development. 128 ... 2008 Feb 15;180(4):2641-9. Molecular targets for disrupting leukocyte trafficking during multiple sclerosis. McCandless EE, ... the first is through leukocytes infiltrating the brain and the second is through cytokines and chemokines directly affecting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robyn_S._Klein

Induced pluripotent stem cells obtained reprogramming patients' cells, for example leukocytes, are a promising tool to study ... assays of chemotaxis, bactericidal activity. Due to the rarity of many primary immunodeficiencies, many of the above tests are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_immunodeficiency

Izumi T, Rådmark O, Samuelsson B (1991). "Purification of 15-lipoxygenase from human leukocytes, evidence for the presence of ... These are weak and potent, respectively, stimulators of human eosinophil, neutrophil, and monocyte chemotaxis and thereby ... leukocytes, and airway cells". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 87 (4): 1139-45. doi:10.1172/JCI115110. PMC 295116. PMID ... from human leukocytes. Purification and structural homology to other mammalian lipoxygenases". The Journal of Biological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALOX15

This is due to the migration of other leukocytes such as neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and macrophages to the initial ... Anticholinergics, decongestants, and other compounds thought to impair eosinophil chemotaxis are also commonly used. Although ... leukocytes) that circulate in the blood. Certain microbe-sensing proteins, known as Toll-like receptors, found on the surface ... "Histamine Release from Human Leukocytes by Anti-λE Antibodies". Journal of Immunology. 102 (4): 884-92. Retrieved 29 February ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allergy

Devreotes, P.N. and Zigmond, S.H. (1988) Chemotaxis in eukaryotic cells: a focus on leukocytes and Dictyostelium. Annu Rev Cell ... Eisenbach, M. (2004) Chemotaxis. Imperial College Press, London. Miller, R.L. (1997) Specificity of sperm chemotaxis among ... In some species (for example, herring or the ascidian Ciona) activation of motility precedes chemotaxis. In chemotaxis, cells ... chemotaxis was substantiated as the cause of this accumulation. Sperm chemotaxis was later also demonstrated in mice and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_chemotaxis

Lymphocyte chemotaxis as a result of Rac and CDC42 activation as well as actin polymerization is believed to be regulated by ... Signals via G-alpha-s and Induces IL-6 and IL-10 Cytokine Secretion in Human Primary Leukocytes". ACS Pharmacology & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_beta-gamma_complex

Realizing that chemotaxis is a short-range process, operating over only a few millimetres, Eisenbach looked for a long-range ... Eisenbach, M. (2003) "Why are sperm cells phagocytosed by leukocytes in the female genital tract?" Med. Hypoth. 60, 590-592. ... Chemotaxis (515 pages) by Eisenbach, M. (2004), published by Imperial College Press, London. Sensing and Response in ... Bacteria are attracted to some chemicals and repelled from others by chemotaxis. They do it by modulating the direction of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Eisenbach

In an observational study of gene expression in blood leukocytes in humans, Harries et al. found evidence of a relationship ... a chemokine which specifically mediates monocyte chemotaxis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is involved in monocyte ... Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 62 (1): 30-3. doi:10.1002/jlb.62.1.30. PMID 9225989. S2CID 2441407. Choe H, Martin KA, Farzan M, ... Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 68 (3): 311-7. doi:10.1189/jlb.68.3.311. PMID 10985245. S2CID 38354228. Ruibal-Ares BH, Belmonte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCR2

... regulate cell migration and identifying the basic adhesive mechanisms that regulate cell migration and leukocyte chemotaxis. By ... "Engineering leukocytes generated from human iPS cells to treat human disease." At the same time, she was also elected a Fellow ... 2005, her research team had identified a novel pathway that turned out to be critical for cell migration and chemotaxis as it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Huttenlocher

A subset of MHC in humans is human leukocyte antigen (HLA), which controls the antigen-presenting system, as part of adaptive ... which specializes in neutrophil proliferation via chemotaxis (the movement of some types of cells toward or away from certain ... Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): Human Leukocyte Antigen A - 142800 Retrieved 21 September 2011. Azuma A, Kudoh S ( ... Inflammation is a normal part of the human immune response, whereby leukocytes (white blood cells), including neutrophils ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_panbronchiolitis

In addition, mast cells also release chemokines which result in the positive chemotaxis of other immune cells of both the ... Progress in leukocyte biology. Vol. 6. Alan R. Liss. ISBN 978-0845141052. "Immunization schedule in India 2016". ... Gaboury JP, Johnston B, Niu XF, Kubes P (January 1995). "Mechanisms underlying acute mast cell-induced leukocyte rolling and ... that are expressed on the membranes of leukocytes including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer cells, cells of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_adjuvant

In leukocytes responding to a chemoattractant, the cellular polarity is regulated by activities of small Rho guanosine ... Neutrophils undergo a process called chemotaxis via amoeboid movement, which allows them to migrate toward sites of infection ... Ignatov DY (2012). Functional heterogeneity of human neutrophils and their role in peripheral blood leukocyte quantity ... Glitter cells are polymorphonuclear leukocyte neutrophils with granules. In 2004, Brinkmann and colleagues described a striking ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil

Hua J, Liao MJ, Rashidbaigi A (July 1996). "Cytokines induced by Sendai virus in human peripheral blood leukocytes". Journal of ... which is involved in chemotaxis, induction of apoptosis, regulation of cell growth and mediation of angiostatic effects. Human ... Cantell K, Hirvonen S, Kauppinen HL, Myllylä G (1981). "Production of interferon in human leukocytes from normal donors with ... A procedure involving inactivated SeV treatment of human peripheral blood leukocytes from donors' blood was used for this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus

March 2008). "Leukocyte analysis from WHIM syndrome patients reveals a pivotal role for GRK3 in CXCR4 signaling". J. Clin. ... July 2008). "CXCR4 dimerization and beta-arrestin-mediated signaling account for the enhanced chemotaxis to CXCL12 in WHIM ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHIM_syndrome

Stimulation of CXCR1 in neutrophils by its primary ligand, Interleukin 8, leads to neutrophil chemotaxis and activation. ... antibodies detect different distribution patterns of IL-8 receptor A and IL-8 receptor B on human peripheral blood leukocytes ... "α-1 Antitrypsin regulates human neutrophil chemotaxis induced by soluble immune complexes and IL-8" (PDF). J. Clin. Invest. 120 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_alpha

IgG and IgA and release of CpG dinucleotides inducing interferon IFN-α/IFNγ producing activity of leukocytes and cytokines ... including the activation of flagellar motility to seek new food sources by chemotaxis, the production of antibiotics to destroy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_subtilis

These events regulate immune responses by controlling the access of leukocytes to sites of inflammatory or immune reaction in ... "T cell chemotaxis in a simple microfluidic device." Lab Chip 2006; 6: 11: 1462-1469 Zabel BA, Zuniga L, Ohyama T, Allen SJ, ... Finally, they have shown that leukocytes can effectively navigate through complex chemoattractant arrays, and they are ... including their interactions with the endothelial lining of blood vessels at sites of leukocyte extravasation, and their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_C._Butcher

For example, leukocytes complex urokinase (uPA), urokinase receptor (uPAR), and integrins which participate in cell adhesion ... promoting pro-angiogenic chemotaxis. Shedding of a membrane-anchored cytokine or growth factor by ADAM proteinases may be ... 1997). "Role of IL-6 and its soluble receptor in induction of chemokines and leukocyte recruitment". Immunity. 6 (3): 315-325. ... Leukocytes and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to the initiation and guidance of new blood vessels. Monocytes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteases_in_angiogenesis

Adachi R, Matsui S, Kinoshita M, Nagaishi K, Sasaki H, Kasahara T, Suzuki K (2001). "Nitric oxide induces chemotaxis of ... Okada K, Takano-Ohmuro H, Obinata T, Abe H (1996). "Dephosphorylation of cofilin in polymorphonuclear leukocytes derived from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofilin_1

The lack of CR3 interferes with chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies is ... Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Etzioni A, Harlan JM. Cell adhesion and leukocyte adhesion defects. In: Ochs HD, Smith CIE, Puck ... Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1 (LAD1) is a rare and often fatal genetic disorder in humans. The main sign of the disease is ... Etzioni, A. (2010). "Defects in the leukocyte adhesion cascade". Clinic Rev Allerg Immunol. 38 (1): 54-60. doi:10.1007/s12016- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocyte_adhesion_deficiency-1

Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 83 (5): 1174-80. doi:10.1189/jlb.0407203. PMID 18252871. S2CID 17352286. Niemi K, Teirilä L, ... "Serum amyloid A induces calcium mobilization and chemotaxis of human monocytes by activating a pertussis toxin-sensitive ... and tissue infiltration of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 180 (1): 203-9. ... and tissue infiltration of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 180 (1): 203-9. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_amyloid_A1

... binds to the chemokine receptor CCR8 and induces Ca2+ influx, chemotaxis and regulate apoptosis. CCR8 is constitutively ... CCL1 is involved in inflammatory processes through leukocyte recruitment and could play a crucial role in angiogenesis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL1

Chemotaxis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 77, Issue 2, 1 May 1978, Pages 269-287, https://doi ... Ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to orient in gradients of chemotactic factors. A stochastic model for leukocyte random ... SH Zigmond; Chemotaxis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Cell Biol 1 May 1978; 77 (2): 269-287. doi: https://doi.org/10.1083/ ... motility and chemotaxis based on receptor binding fluctuations An actin-nucleating activity in polymorphonuclear leukocytes is ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/77/2/269/29646/Chemotaxis-by-polymorphonuclear-leukocytes

Anti-inflammatory; suppresses leukocyte chemotaxis and reactive oxygen species. Consider for recalcitrant lesions. Pregnancy ... Anti-inflammatory, neutrophil chemotaxis and suppression of toxic radicals. 300-900 mg daily. Use with caution in patients with ... Anti-inflammatory, decreases neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation. 1-2 mg daily. Consider in patients with Behçet syndrome. ... Anti-inflammatory, inhibits neutrophil myeloperoxidase and chemotaxis. 50-75 mg daily. Consider in recurrent and recalcitrant ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/950313

Leukocyte function is affected, which results in impaired chemotaxis and phagocytosis.. Manifestations of phosphate deficiency ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/767955-overview

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Stossel

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / immunology * Choroid Plexus / immunology* * Choroid Plexus / metabolism * Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19305396/?dopt=Abstract

A technique for studying chemotaxis of leukocytes in well-defined chemotactic fields Chapter *Overview ...

https://experts.colorado.edu/display/pubid_75342

Liquid Preservation of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes: Effect of Various Additives on Chemotaxis Preservation. ...

https://www.degruyter.com/journal/key/cclm/29/11/html

... to determine whether effects on lung in-vitro are predicted by leukocyte chemotaxis, ciliary inhibition and fibroblast ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=%27organic+solvent%2A%27&f1=%2A&Startyear=&B1=Search&terms=3&Adv=1&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=101&RecNo=1005&View=f&

230000035605 chemotaxis Effects 0.000 description 16 * 210000000265 Leukocytes Anatomy 0.000 description 15 ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US8445515/en

leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response Cellular Component. nucleus Gallbladder wall of a human patient with ... leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response Cellular Component. nucleus Gallbladder wall of a human patient with ... leukocyte chemotaxis involved in inflammatory response Cellular Component. nucleus Gallbladder wall of a human patient with ...

http://cellimagelibrary.org/groups/34859

Leukocyte Chemotaxis 32% * Hemocytes 28% * Drosophila melanogaster 23% * In Vitro Techniques 18% ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/live-imaging-of-wound-inflammation-in-drosophila-embryos-reveals-/fingerprints/

... leukocytes irreversibly bind to endothelial receptors and extravasate into the vein wall by means of mural chemotaxis. Because ... This interaction stimulates local cytokine production and facilitates leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium, both of which ... This is a low-power view of a thrombus composed of platelets, fibrin, and leukocytes. ... mature thrombus composed of platelets, leukocytes and fibrin develops, and an active thrombotic and inflammatory process occurs ...

https://reference.medscape.com/article/1911303

6:35 pm M69 Signal Integration during Leukocyte Chemotaxis in Complex Microenvironments. P. J. Sáez1, M. Deygas1, I. Lavi1, M. ...

https://www.ascb.org/minisymposia/

Bloes DA, Kretschmer D, Peschel A (2015) Enemy attraction: bacterial agonists for leukocyte chemotaxis receptors. Nat Rev ... Bloes D, Kretschmer D, Peschel A (2014). Enemy attraction: bacterial agonists for leukocyte chemotaxis receptors, Nat Rev ... Neutrophil chemotaxis by pathogen-associated molecular patterns - formylated peptides are crucial but not the sole neutrophil ... Formyl-peptide receptor 2 governs leukocyte influx in local Staphylococcus aureus infections. Faseb J In Press ...

https://uni-tuebingen.de/it/fakultaeten/mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche-fakultaet/fachbereiche/interfakultaere-einrichtungen/imit/arbeitsgruppen/infektionsbiologie/publikationen/

... transcriptome and ultrastructure analysis reveals a TLR2-specific chemotaxis signature and cytoskeleton remodeling in leukocyte ...

https://www.gu.se/en/core-facilities/centre-for-cellular-imaging/publications-from-cci-users-and-staff

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1911303-overview

Leukocyte chemoattractants regulate many leukocyte functions, including leukocyte chemotaxis, via the Rho family of small ...

https://www.cell.com/current-biology/issue?pii=S0960-9822

... on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis was studied. A modified, reversible Boyden chamber method was used. Various ... There was a direct correlation between increasing drug concentration and percent inhibition of chemotaxis. Drugs such as ... After the incubation period percent inhibition of chemotaxis was determined. It was shown that chloroquine, quinine, proguanil ... and tetracycline at concentrations frequently obtained in clinical situations significantly inhibited chemotaxis of neutrophils ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Effect-of-antimalarial-drugs-on-human-neutrophil-in-Kharazmi-Valerius/2e75bc6d9d8c062e5a7902972a6e71a59af35a1c

leukocyte migration Cellular Component. cell Leukocyte chemotaxis from caudal vein to tailfin wound site. Video made available ... neutrophil chemotaxis Cellular Component. cell surface Video replicating some of the challenges neutrophils are likely to ...

http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/images?image_search_parms%5Bbiological_process%5D=cell%20motility&advanced_search=Advanced+Search

The central hypothesis is that DHA attenuates hyperoxia- induced lung injury by decreasing leukocyte chemotaxis, through ... sRAGE can enhance chemotaxis and promote maturation and differentiation of monocytes. This aim will investigate the mechanisms ...

https://ods.od.nih.gov/Funding/abstract.aspx?g=5R01AT006880-05

leukocyte chemotaxis*phagocytosis*stimulate the release of histamine * when you have inflammation you have increase of protein ... Margination is the process in which free-flowing leukocytes exit the central blood stream, and initiate leukocyte and ... chemotaxis = *directional migration of WBCs to the site of injury *results in accumulation of neutrophils an monocytes at site ...

https://freezingblue.com/flashcards/233019/preview/255-immune-response

These diseases are characterized by leukocyte chemotaxis secondary to complement activation by antigen-antibody complexes and ... and suppress leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro and in vivo. Niacinamide blocks IgE-induced histamine release, inhibits ... Dapsone is an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial sulfone that inhibits neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion to basement membrane ... leukocyte endothelial adherence, natural killer cell activity, neutrophil degranulation, and production of monocyte TNF-alpha, ...

https://www.merckvetmanual.com/pharmacology/systemic-pharmacotherapeutics-of-the-integumentary-system/immunomodulators-for-integumentary-disease-in-animals

1 Chemotaxis, Leukocyte * 1 Enzyme Inhibitors * 1 Extracellular Signal-Regulated MA... * 1 Gene Expression ...

https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/35223/simple-search?query=&sort_by=score&order=desc&rpp=10&etal=0&filtername=author&filterquery=Bhavsar%2C+P&filtertype=equals&filter_field_%3C%25%3D+filterIdx+%25%3E=author&filter_type_%3C%25%3D+filterIdx+%25%3E=equals&filter_value_%3C%25%3D+filterIdx+%25%3E=Xie%2C+S

Bacterial chemotaxis - General. 1.60. map04670. Leukocyte transendothelial migration. 1.60. map00051. Fructose and mannose ...

https://smart.embl.de/smart/do_annotation.pl?DOMAIN=Blast:TPR&START=224&END=257&E_VALUE=1e-10&TYPE=BLAST&BLAST=LLVEEIKGEMLLKLGRLKEASEVFRNLIDWNAEN

Genes related to cytoadherence (cell-cell and cell-matrix), leukocyte extravasation, and inflammatory response were also ... Leukocyte extravasation and chemotaxis. The inflammatory response to malaria, both acute and chronic, follows a predictable ... The recruitment of phagocytes around cerebral capillaries has been observed in CM and likely explains increased chemotaxis and ... The current analysis identified the "Leukocyte Extravasation Signaling" pathway as being significantly (p = 0.015) affected by ...

https://malariajournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2875-8-195

GPR15 expressed in T lymphocytes from RA patients is involved in leukocyte chemotaxis to the synovium. Julio Cesar Fernández- ... GPR15/GPR15L interaction promotes leukocyte chemotaxis to synovium in patients with RA, this interaction might be a therapeutic ...

https://www.leukocytebiology.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=587:jlb-early-view-october-2022&catid=23:news&Itemid=237

All fluoroquinolones modestly impair lowlife macrophage chemotaxis (Labro 2000) and transendothelial leukocyte and monocyte ...

https://www.daubnet.com/de/board/viewtopic.php?lang=de&p=11525

BLT1 receptor knockout mice exhibit decreased leukocyte chemotaxis and integrin-mediated leukocyte arrest in postcapillary ... Implicated in chemotaxis and leukocyte activation. Real-time imaging of BLT1/β-arrestin interaction and LTB4-induced cell ... involved in mediating chemotaxis and activation of several leukocyte populations, including granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages ... abnormal leukocyte adhesion. PMID: 10934232 Ltb4r1tm1Adl. Ltb4r1tm1Adl/Ltb4r1tm1Adl involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6. MGI: ...

https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=267

C5a also stimulates the locomotion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (chemokinesis) and direct their migration toward sites of ... inflammation (chemotaxis). C5a contains 74 amino acids and is rapidly metabolised by a serum enzyme, carboxypeptidase B to a 73 ... increases vascular permeability and causes histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes. ...

https://www.biolegend.com/de-at/products/purified-anti-human-c5a-c5adesarg-antibody-7179

Effect of antimalarial drugs on human neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. (semanticscholar.org)
At clinically obtainable concentrations Fansimef had no effect on leucocyte viability, it did inhibit neutrophil chemiluminescence and it had no impact on other major functions, such as chemotaxis, NBT reduction, superoxide production, phagocytosis and the bactericidal activity of phagocytetic cells. (semanticscholar.org)
It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. (proteopedia.org)
Proinflammatory activities of S100: proteins S100A8, S100A9, and S100A8/A9 induce neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion. (proteopedia.org)
Together, the results of the kinetics of hemolysis and the neutrophil chemotaxis assay suggest that pre-activation of the complement system by B. jararacussu and B. pirajai crude venoms consumes complement components and generates the chemotactic factors C3a and C5a. (biomedcentral.com)
Several chemokines of the CXC and CC family are involved in neutrophil chemotaxis. (bmj.com)
Leukocyte, neutrophil counts and percentages and CRP levels were significantly higher in patients with an exacerbation than in stable asthmatic and control groups (p = 0.000). (fortunejournals.com)
Adds that, in her experience, around 75 percent of patients who take prednisone these effects are believed to result from several mechanisms, including alterations in neutrophil chemotaxis and function, increases in viscosity of synovial fluid, stabilization of cellular lysosomal membranes, alterations in hyaluronic acid synthesis, transient decreases in synovial fluid complements, alterations in synovial permeability, and changes in synovial fluid leukocyte count and activity. (gradlesummit.com)
It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism (PubMed:12626582, PubMed:15331440, PubMed:20103766). (icr.ac.uk)
Leukotriene B4 synthesis and neutrophil chemotaxis in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. (bmj.com)
The power from CD180 the strains to induce a pro-inflammatory immune system response from bovine mammary epithelial cells leading to neutrophil chemotaxis, aswell as their propensity to bMEC invade, had been characterised. (healthychoicess.net)

CD11/CD18 mediate crucial leukocyte adhesion functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, adhesion to endothelium, aggregation, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. (rupress.org)
Hyperglycemia impairs leukocyte function, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis ( 18 ). (perfecthealthdiet.com)
The hyperglycemia condition may cause increased pro-inflammatory cytokinesis and abnormal polymorphonuclear function of the cells like chemotaxis, phagocytosis, adherence, and the intracellular killing. (essayly.net)
This acidogenic media increases the adhesion of the candida leading to the formation of oral biofilm [6] .Among the reasons that make diabetic patients are more susceptible to candida infections, is due to the host immunosuppression as a result of impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) chemotaxis and phagocytosis [7] . (biocoreopen.org)
In the present study, the 80% ethanol extract, essential oil and zerumbone of Z. zerumbet rhizomes were explored for their in vitro immunosuppressive properties on chemotaxis, CD11b/CD18 expression, phagocytosis and chemiluminescence of isolated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). (biomedcentral.com)
Predominantly, there are four steps in the phagocytosis process involving the phagocytes, namely chemotaxis, adhesion, engulfment and degradation via respiratory burst. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation of 1-alkyl-2-lysoglycero-3-phosphocholine: acetyl-CoA transferase during phagocytosis in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (unipi.it)

Our objective was to develop and validate a novel assay, combined Boyden-flow cytometry chemotaxis assay (CBFCA), for simultaneous quantification and phenotypification of migrating leukocytes. (neuroprobe.com)
Sera through D409V/null mice covered chemoattractants for a variety of immunological tissues as proven through ex vivo chemotaxis scientific studies and by flow cytometry. (skku.edu)
Zerumbone was isolated by chromatographic technique while the essential oil was acquired through hydro-distillation of the rhizomes and further analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS. Chemotaxis assay was assessed by using a 24-well cell migration assay kit, while CD18 integrin expression and phagocytic engulfment were measured using flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)
The functional significance of CCR6 expression in CD4+ T cells was confirmed by flow cytometry and chemotaxis assay.CONCLUSION: Single-cell sequencing with pancreatic immune cells in human CP highlights pancreas-specific immune crosstalk through the CCR6-CCL20 axis, a signalling pathway that might be leveraged as a potential future target in human hereditary CP. (stanford.edu)

C5a also stimulates the locomotion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (chemokinesis) and direct their migration toward sites of inflammation (chemotaxis). (biolegend.com)
3, Pavementing of leukocytes is mediated by adhesion molecules activated by the mediators of inflammation released from platelets and leukocytes. (thefreedictionary.com)
FPRL1 is a member of the chemoattractant subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors and plays a key role in inflammation via chemotaxis and the regulation of mediator release from leukocytes. (origene.com)
Chemokines primarily act to promote leukocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
Collectively, these data reveal a role for Rgs1 in leukocyte trafficking and vascular inflammation and identify Rgs1, and inhibition of chemokine receptor signalling as potential therapeutic targets in vascular disease. (ox.ac.uk)
This leukocyte influx may contribute to enhanced CNS inflammation, BBB disruption, HIV entry and infection of parenchymal cells, and neuronal damage. (elsevier.com)
Chemokines are basic heparin-binding proteins that, in association with adhesion molecules, play a pivotal role in selectively recruiting certain subsets of leukocytes to specific sites of inflammation and tissue injury ( 1 , 2 , 3 ). (jimmunol.org)
Acute inflammation is characterized by a prevalent neutrophilic infiltrate, which are the first leukocytes to enter a site of allergic inflammation. (jimmunol.org)
By undergoing an upregulation and redistribution to the cell surface from your junctional interface, JAMs mediate the influx of leukocytes during inflammation and injury. (cisplatin.info)
The reduced inflammation was accompanied by the impaired infiltration of leukocytes and T cells to the inflammatory sites of LIME -/- mice. (molcells.org)

These 2 members mediate leukocyte adhesions to endothelial cells but they also serve as receptors for iC3b (inactivated C3b). (medscape.com)
This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
PAF is formed by a smaller number of cell types, principally leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells. (mhmedical.com)
In addition, dopamine decreases the expression of the tight junction protein claudin 5 in BBB endothelial cells, a mechanism by which dopamine may decrease the impermeability of the BBB and promote leukocyte transmigration. (elsevier.com)
Junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) is an adhesion molecule portrayed by endothelial cells that is important in restricted junction formation, leukocyte adhesion, and trans-endothelial migration. (cisplatin.info)
Transient contact with FGF1 upregulates the appearance from the cell adhesion substances ICAM (intercellular adhesion molecule)-1 and VCAM (vascular cell adhesion molecule)-1 in HSF endothelial cells and boosts polymorphonuclear leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration [8]. (inno-406.info)

Some publications have addressed the issue of a potential effect of antibiotic therapy on leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro and on the sensitivity of labeled white blood cell scans with conflicting results ( 4 , 5 ). (snmjournals.org)
Chemotaxis, phagocytic and intracellular killing activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were investigated in vitro in 7 patients suffering from the acute phase of Sweet's syndrome. (medicaljournals.se)
Chemotaxis has been studied by classical methods that measure chemotactic and random motility responses in vitro , but these methods do not evaluate the total number and phenotype of migrating leukocytes simultaneously. (neuroprobe.com)
A substantial mystery posed by in vitro axonal chemotaxis assays is the relatively weak turning produced, even over long periods of time. (elifesciences.org)
In addition to acting as a chemoattractant, CCL2 can also regulate brain endothelial permeability in vitro by altering tight junction (TJ) proteins and regulating the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules and leukocyte integrins as well as cytokine production. (medchemexpress.cn)
The drug also affects polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro, thereby reducing chemotaxis, toxic superoxide radical formation, oxygen free radical generation, and neutral protease production. (redsea.gov.eg)

Not all cell functions were altered in concert, and the previously unreported suppression of chemotactic migration might reflect a change in blood leucocyte subpopulations, deactivation in vivo or a direct suppressive effect of Plasmodia induced products. (semanticscholar.org)
Microtubules (MTs) are required for persistent migration and chemotaxis, but how they affect cell polarity is not known. (exeter.ac.uk)
The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. (proteopedia.org)
Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. (proteopedia.org)
Most leukocytes express more than one chemokine receptor of varying promiscuity and are, in addition, potentially capable of responding synergistically to concomitant migration signals [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In leukocytes, Rac1 and Rac2 have distinct roles in regulating cell morphology, migration, and invasion, but are not essential for macrophage migration or chemotaxis. (umbc.edu)
In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function and health (e.g., migration of leukocytes during injury or infection). (biologydiscussion.com)
They are also able to interact with various cellular receptors enabling S100 proteins to modulate innate and adaptive immune response with some influence on cell migration and chemotaxis, as well as tissue modeling, growth and repair. (alliedacademies.org)
R50E is certainly faulty in inducing DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, cell migration, and chemotaxis, recommending that the immediate integrin binding to FGF1 buy Vilazodone is crucial for FGF signaling. (inno-406.info)

The effect of several antimalarial drugs, commonly used for prophylaxis and therapy of human malaria, on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis was studied. (semanticscholar.org)
C and its relationship to polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in aggressive periodontitis. (cdc.gov)

Genes related to cytoadherence (cell-cell and cell-matrix), leukocyte extravasation, and inflammatory response were also differentially regulated by treatment, supporting a potential role for 15(S)-HETE in malaria pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
We conclude that the CBFCA is a novel and improved technique for experiments focused on understanding leukocyte trafficking during the inflammatory response. (neuroprobe.com)
Bothrops snake venoms trigger a typical local inflammatory response that involves edema and the subsequent mobilization of leukocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Granulocytes such as basophils and mast cells release stored effectors that attract additional leukocytes to the site of infection and trigger an inflammatory response. (mhmedical.com)

Chemotaxis is a property of many motile eukaryotic cells that results from a cascade of intracellular events initiated in cells with the capacity to detect an extracellular chemoattractant gradient. (ashpublications.org)
Following the binding of a chemokine to its receptor, intracellular signal pathways lead to functional responses such as chemotaxis, secretion and transcriptional activation [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
pro-inflammatory effects, chemotaxis and intracellular signaling cascade activation that leads to production of inflammatory cytokine and oxidative stress induction. (alliedacademies.org)

The human BLT 1 receptor is the high affinity leukotriene B4 receptor, involved in mediating chemotaxis and activation of several leukocyte populations, including granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and lymphocytes [ 52 ]. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Lp-stained cells accumulated in 3 hours within the hindbrain limits were counted as macrophages, because neutrophils do not significantly contribute to the total number of leukocytes recruited to the hindbrain at this developmental stage (supplementary material Fig. S3). (zfin.org)
As PMN leukocytes begin to wane after 24-36 hours, circulating monocytes enter the wound and mature into tissue macrophages. (medscape.com)
Among other things, CCL2/CCR2 can regulate cell adhesion and chemotaxis of macrophages by activating the β1 integrin and p38-MAPK signaling pathways. (medchemexpress.cn)
AbstractThe results from this investigation suggest that chemotactic factor(s) from damaged myofibers attract polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) and macrophages to the site of injury, while exudate macrophages but not PML induce a strong positive chemotactic response in myogenic cells. (copernicus.ltd)

CXCR1 is one of more than 20 distinct chemokine receptors expressed in human leukocytes. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
We observed that, in contrast to observations made in D discoideum , PTEN-null Jurkat T cells exhibited potent chemotactic responses to the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), indicating that PTEN was not requisite for CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-mediated chemotaxis of Jurkat cells. (ashpublications.org)
Rgs1 reduces macrophage chemotaxis and desensitizes chemokine receptor signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
CC Chemokine Receptor 5 (CCR5) is an important mediator of chemotaxis and the primary coreceptor for HIV-1. (bmn-673.com)
For example, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is activated during the initial steps of the chemokine induced signaling cascade to regulate chemotaxis, transcription, and cell survival. (imrpress.com)

sRAGE can enhance chemotaxis and promote maturation and differentiation of monocytes. (nih.gov)
These growth factors act on surrounding cells and stimulate chemotaxis of neutrophils, monocytes, and fibroblasts to the area of injury. (medscape.com)
The neutrophils follow the chemicals trail towards the site along with additional cells such as monocytes and lymphocytes that are also attracted via chemotaxis. (jove.com)

A number of chemokines, low molecular weight cytokines, are produced locally in the target sites of leukocyte trafficking and homing [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
RPTEpiC can produce inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines or chemokines, and actively participate in acute inflammatory processes by affecting and directing leukocyte chemotaxis via the production of IL-8. (sciencellonline.com)
Elevated appearance of chemokines and cytokines is connected with cellular proliferation activation of cells motion/chemotaxis and. (buenavidaestudio.com)
Damage to cells results in the release of 'chemokines' which attract neutrophils to the site in a process called chemotaxis. (verywellhealth.com)

Factors examined include leukotaxis, phenotypic transition of leukocytes, adhesion molecule induction and the role of cytokines in tissue repair and scar formation. (elsevier.com)
4 TNF-α is well- characterized, affected by variety of cells and involved in induce production of cytokines, endothelial gene regulation, chemotaxis, leukocyte adherence, and the activation of fibroblast. (kpubs.org)

Thereby, chemotaxis does not take place and granulocytes are unable to migrate to the site of the infection. (labogen.com)

To elucidate the nature of the qualitative modifications that occur, we examined the phosphorylation status of these molecules in resting human leukocytes and upon activation with PMA or with the chemotactic peptide F-met-leu-phe (FMLP). (rupress.org)
These types of files support these kind of chemotactic aspects since causative to greater cells infiltration of leukocytes in Gaucher illness. (skku.edu)
The increased leukocyte infiltration in ITGB4-knockdown tumors in control mice seemed to result from a greater chemotactic potential of ITGB4-knockdown cells. (infinite-science.de)

This protein combines with the beta 2 chain (ITGB2) to form a leukocyte-specific integrin referred to as inactivated-C3b (iC3b) receptor 4 (CR4). (nih.gov)
23 The leukocyte α M β 2 integrin (also known as CD11b/CD18) functions as an adhesion molecule facilitating diapedesis. (bmj.com)

This latter feature is of great benefit in the study of migrating leukocyte subsets. (neuroprobe.com)
CCRL2 is upregulated by inflammatory signals and, unlike other ACKRs, it is not a chemoattractant-scavenging receptor, does not activate β-arrestins, and is widely expressed by many leukocyte subsets. (ashpublications.org)

A common finding amongst patients with inhalational anthrax is a paucity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in infected tissues in the face of abundant circulating PMNs. (springer.com)
Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that ascorbate potentiated enzymatic synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). (ias.ac.in)
NO is known to modulate various function of PMNs such as chemotaxis, adherence, aggregation, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (ias.ac.in)
The most plentiful type of leukocytes residing in the blood are the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) which are the earliest to migrate from the blood to infected sites for eradicating pathogens and removing cellular debris [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

After the incubation period percent inhibition of chemotaxis was determined. (semanticscholar.org)

The leukocyte CD11/CD18 adhesion molecules (beta 2 integrins) are a family of three heterodimeric glycoproteins each with a distinct alpha subunit (CD11a, b, or c) and a common beta subunit (CD18). (rupress.org)
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) is a failure to express CD18, which composes the common ß 2 subunit of LFA1 family (ß2 integrins). (medscape.com)
In addition to binding interactions between family members, JAMs can be redistributed to the apical surface of ECs and bind specific leukocyte integrins (17-20). (cisplatin.info)

Significant reduction of macrophage chemotaxis to infection is determined by cxcr3.2 mutation. (zfin.org)
Treatment with NBI74330 reduced the macrophage chemotaxis to infection in cxcr3.2 +/+ embryos to similar levels as the vehicle-treated cxcr3.2 −/− embryos, and no significant additive effect of cxcr3.2 mutation and NBI74330 treatment was observed. (zfin.org)

Histamine induces chemotaxis and IL-12p70 suppression via different receptors using different signaling pathways, which might be important for the pathogenesis of and therapeutic interventions in allergic diseases. (aai.org)
The activated neutrophils exhibit chemotaxis by expressing the elevated levels of chemoattractant receptors. (microbiologynotes.org)
A2A and A3 receptors are portrayed in neutrophils and in addition implicated in chemotaxis [22] functionally. (web-succes.com)

In this scholarly study, a neutralizing anti-JAM-C antibody abolished angiogenesis and HMVEC chemotaxis assays HMVEC chemotaxis assays had been preformed as previously defined (26). (cisplatin.info)

Constitutive and stimulus-induced phosphorylation of CD11/CD18 leukocyte adhesion molecules. (rupress.org)
The enhanced cell adhesion observed upon activation of leukocytes is associated with increased surface membrane expression of CD11/CD18, as well as a qualitative upregulation of CD11/CD18 functions. (rupress.org)
FMLP-induced phosphorylation of CD18 was not related to its Ca++-mobilizing effect, as CD18 phosphorylation was not observed upon treatment of leukocytes with the Ca++ ionophore, ionomycin. (rupress.org)
A small component of phosphothreonine was present in CD11c and CD18 and a minor component of phosphotyrosine was also detected in CD18 upon leukocyte activation may regulate the adhesion functions mediated by the CD11/CD18 family of molecules. (rupress.org)
This 3-year-old girl had leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) with complete absence of CD18 expression. (medscape.com)
Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)

Patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency II manifest the Bombay phenotype (ie, negative for O and H blood group antigens with potential production of anti-H antibody). (medscape.com)
In our microarray analysis an enrichment of deregulated genes involved in biological activities such as chemotaxis and improved motion of leukocytes in cells expressing MCV T antigens uncovered an identical activation of immune system response pathways by MCV LT (Fig. 6a). (buenavidaestudio.com)

Another leukocyte, the helper T cell, elaborates interleukin-2 (IL-2). (medscape.com)

It induces the contraction of smooth muscle, increases vascular permeability and causes histamine release from mast cells and basophilic leukocytes. (biolegend.com)
squeezing of leukocytes between the cells of blood vessel walls pg. (freezingblue.com)
attraction of leukocytes to chemicals released from damaged cells pg. (freezingblue.com)
Calculus is composed of an organic framework of bacterial and mycotic organisms, desquamated epithelial cells, leukocytes, and food debris that contains calcium phosphate deposits. (pharmaden.net)
White blood cells, or leukocytes , serve as key sentries and potent defenders against invading pathogens. (mhmedical.com)
In the present study, we investigated the involvement of PTEN in chemotaxis of mammalian cells by examining PTEN-null Jurkat T cells. (ashpublications.org)
Conversely, reconstitution of PTEN in Jurkat cells by using a tetracycline (Tet-on)-inducible expression system down-regulated CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. (ashpublications.org)
In addition, using PTEN-expressing T-cell lines and primary T cells, we demonstrated that down-regulation of PTEN expression with vector-based small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) enhanced CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. (ashpublications.org)
Based on these results, we conclude that PTEN expression negatively regulates chemotaxis of lymphoid mammalian cells via its lipid phosphatase activity. (ashpublications.org)
The interaction between polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) or neutrophils and Leishmania became an interesting focus of research, since PMN turn out to be essential cells in transiently hosting the parasites. (unl.pt)
10 Leukocytes also called white blood cells are large opaque blood cells that engulf invading microbes. (slideplayer.com)
They have a nucleus (so different from red blood cells) The size of the nucleus and the types of granules that can be found inside of them can be used to classify them into different classes of leukocytes. (slideplayer.com)
In clinical trials it was noted that the differential calculation of the number of leukocytes showed a shift of the formula to the left with the appearance of granulocytic precursor cells, including promyelocytes and myeloblasts. (cancerresearchandtreatment.org)
Live cells and neutrophils symbolized at least 95% of isolated leukocytes. (web-succes.com)
Latest evidence shows that donor DC transplanted using the graft are Mesaconitine instead of cells which cross-dressing instead of passenger leukocyte may be the primary Mesaconitine system of alloantigen display from donor APC (70, 71). (atheistsconcernedforamerica.com)

Both adhesion molecules induce EC chemotaxis, as well as angiogenic responses (6). (cisplatin.info)

However, it is still not clear how Bothrops snake venoms elicit leukocyte recruitment, which is essential to restore tissue homeostasis and repair the injured sites. (biomedcentral.com)

In the second stage of the inflammatory phase, leukocytes supplant platelets as the dominant cell type, attracted by chemotaxis. (medscape.com)

As defined above (PMN paragraph), DC-derived EVs also carry enzymes of the leukotriene biosynthesis, which stimulate PMN chemotaxis (43). (atheistsconcernedforamerica.com)

Eicosanoids mediate activity influencing platelet plug formation, vascular permeability, and cellular chemotaxis to influence wound healing. (medscape.com)

Evaluation of human leukocyte N-formylpeptide receptor (FPR1) SNPs in aggressive periodontitis patients. (cdc.gov)

Currently, 18 subtypes have been reported: 12 are type I (dysfunctional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), and 6 are type II (dysfunctional trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide), including leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (CDG-IIc). (medscape.com)

[ 1 , 2 ] The clinical picture is characterized by marked leukocytosis and localized bacterial infections that are difficult to detect until they have progressed to an extensive level secondary to lack of leukocyte recruitment at the site of infection. (medscape.com)
Both radiolabeled and nonradiolabeled leukocytes accumulate at sites of infection due to the immune system inflammatory cascade resulting in chemotaxis, a shift of leukocytes from the blood stream to the site of infection. (jaocr.org)

He produced the first knockout mice for a PI3K catalytic subunit and demonstrated the role of PI3Kgamma in chemotaxis of leukocytes in Negative feedback regulation of Rac in leukocytes from mice expressing a constitutively active phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase γ . (lifeboat.com)

The accumulation of 18 F-FDG in infectious processes is due to the fact that activated leukocytes exhibit high amounts of glucose transporter proteins on the cell membrane ( 2 , 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
Leukocyte scintigraphy is useful for the detection and localization of suspected infectious processes and has largely replaced Ga-67 imaging. (jaocr.org)
A variety of infectious processes demonstrate focal increased uptake on leukocyte scintigraphy. (jaocr.org)

GPR15/GPR15L interaction promotes leukocyte chemotaxis to synovium in patients with RA, this interaction might be a therapeutic target. (leukocytebiology.org)

These leukocytes appear to depend on endothelial selectins for infiltration of the tumor stroma. (infinite-science.de)

Moreover, patients with ACLF present a marked elevation of C-reactive protein together with an elevation of the leukocyte count. (e-cmh.org)

The reduced activity of leukocyte leads to the compromised immune system. (essayly.net)

Accurate automated leucocyte differential counts despite profound leucopenia. (bmj.com)

It is especially important in monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. (nih.gov)

To find out when the sJAM-C within RA synovial liquid plays a part in RA synovial liquid mediated HMVEC chemotaxis, we neutralized sJAM-C and performed HMVEC chemotaxis. (cisplatin.info)

IL-5 induces eosinophilopoiesis, activation and chemotaxis. (skintherapyletter.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms9

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs118

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, generates two bioactive products during the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein: use of a novel inhibitor. (1/4263)

Non-serum-dependent chemotactic factors produced by Candida albicans stimulate chemotaxis by binding to the formyl peptide receptor on neutrophils and to an unknown receptor on macrophages. (2/4263)

Interleukin-8: A pathogenetic role in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated glomerulonephritis. (3/4263)

Structural determinants of the eosinophil: chemotactic activity of the acidic tetrapeptides of eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis. (4/4263)

Bile duct epithelial cells exposed to alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate produce a factor that causes neutrophil-dependent hepatocellular injury in vitro. (5/4263)

Selective eosinophil transendothelial migration triggered by eotaxin via modulation of Mac-1/ICAM-1 and VLA-4/VCAM-1 interactions. (6/4263)

Selective recruitment of CCR4-bearing Th2 cells toward antigen-presenting cells by the CC chemokines thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and macrophage-derived chemokine. (7/4263)

Effect of leukocytes on corneal cellular proliferation and wound healing. (8/4263)

Chemotaxis

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte

Leukocytes

Leukocyte Rolling

Neutrophils

Leukocyte Count

Chemotactic Factors

Cell Movement

Cell Adhesion

N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine

Dictyostelium

Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte

Leukocyte Elastase

Cell Migration Inhibition

Signal Transduction

Secretory Leukocyte Peptidase Inhibitor

Chemokines, CXC

Monocytes

Venules

Receptors, Chemokine

Antigens, CD18

Complement C5a

Cells, Cultured

Chemokine CXCL12

Leukocyte Transfusion

Receptors, Interleukin-8B

P-Selectin

Bacterial Proteins

Chemokines

Interleukin-8

Receptors, Formyl Peptide

Inflammation

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Macrophage-1 Antigen

Membrane Proteins

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1

Receptors, Interleukin-8A

Escherichia coli

Cell Adhesion Molecules

Leukotriene B4

Neutrophil Activation

Endothelium, Vascular

Leukocyte-Adhesion Deficiency Syndrome

Molecular Sequence Data

Chemokine CCL2

L-Selectin

Flagella

Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test

Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1

Chemokines, CC

Receptors, CXCR4

Amino Acid Sequence

Flow Cytometry

Phagocytosis

Receptors, Leukocyte-Adhesion

HLA Antigens

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena

Mice, Knockout

Neutrophil Infiltration

Cell Line

E-Selectin

Receptors, CCR2

Antigens, CD

Actins

Microscopy, Video

Pseudopodia

Chemoreceptor Cells

N-Formylmethionine

Macrophages

Chemokine CCL5

Receptors, Amino Acid

Selectins

T-Lymphocytes

Models, Biological

HL-60 Cells

Eosinophils

Cell Polarity

Time Factors

Mutation

Ligands