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ChemotaxisChemotaxis, LeukocyteChemotactic FactorsNeutrophilsDictyosteliumN-Formylmethionine Leucyl-PhenylalanineCell MovementSignal TransductionChemokine CXCL12Bacterial ProteinsChemokines, CXCReceptors, Formyl PeptideComplement C5aReceptors, ChemokineReceptors, Interleukin-8BFlagellaCell Migration InhibitionEscherichia coliReceptors, Interleukin-8ABacterial Physiological PhenomenaMembrane ProteinsMonocytesCells, CulturedInterleukin-8Receptors, CXCR4Chemoreceptor CellsPseudopodiaReceptors, Amino AcidChemokines, CCLeukotriene B4ChemokinesActinsChemokine CCL2Cell AdhesionCell PolarityMethylationN-FormylmethionineReceptors, CCR2Chemokine CCL19Phosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesMutationModels, BiologicalMolecular Sequence DataReceptors, CCR1Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyterac GTP-Binding ProteinsChemokine CCL5PhosphorylationAmino Acid SequenceCyclic AMPNeutrophil ActivationComplement C5PhagocytosisEosinophilsReceptors, CXCR3Cell LineReceptors, LipoxinHL-60 CellsChemokine CCL7Azospirillum brasilenseCalciumSpirochaetaReceptors, Cell SurfaceChemokine CCL21Dose-Response Relationship, DrugMacrophage Inflammatory ProteinsZymosanPertussis ToxinSalmonella typhimuriumReceptors, CCR3Receptors, CCR7Microfluidic Analytical TechniquesLeukocytesMacrophagesMonocyte Chemoattractant ProteinsPhosphatidylinositol PhosphatesMicroscopy, VideoMice, Inbred C57BLPlatelet-Derived Growth FactorReceptors, Leukotriene B4Receptors, G-Protein-CoupledChemokine CXCL1Protein BindingEscherichia coli ProteinsChemokine CCL4Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5aRecombinant ProteinsChemokine CX3CL1CytoskeletonLigandsMicrofluidicsClass Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-KinaseKineticsLysophospholipidsMethyltransferasesChemokine CCL11Enzyme Activation
Chemotaxis
The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction.
Chemotactic Factors
Chemical substances that attract or repel cells. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, microbial invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract LEUKOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; or other cells to the site of infection or insult.
Neutrophils
Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
Dictyostelium
A genus of protozoa, formerly also considered a fungus. Its natural habitat is decaying forest leaves, where it feeds on bacteria. D. discoideum is the best-known species and is widely used in biomedical research.
N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine
A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.
Cell Movement
The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Chemokine CXCL12
A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR4 RECEPTORS. Two isoforms of CXCL12 are produced by alternative mRNA splicing.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Chemokines, CXC
Group of chemokines with paired cysteines separated by a different amino acid. CXC chemokines are chemoattractants for neutrophils but not monocytes.
Receptors, Formyl Peptide
A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that was originally identified by its ability to bind N-formyl peptides such as N-FORMYLMETHIONINE LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE. Since N-formyl peptides are found in MITOCHONDRIA and BACTERIA, this class of receptors is believed to play a role in mediating cellular responses to cellular damage and bacterial invasion. However, non-formylated peptide ligands have also been found for this receptor class.
Complement C5a
The minor fragment formed when C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and COMPLEMENT C5B. C5a is a 74-amino-acid glycopeptide with a carboxy-terminal ARGININE that is crucial for its spasmogenic activity. Of all the complement-derived anaphylatoxins, C5a is the most potent in mediating immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE), smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; HISTAMINE RELEASE; and migration of LEUKOCYTES to site of INFLAMMATION.
Receptors, Chemokine
Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.
Receptors, Interleukin-8B
High-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and T-LYMPHOCYTES. These receptors also bind several other CXC CHEMOKINES.
Flagella
A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Cell Migration Inhibition
Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Receptors, Interleukin-8A
High-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and BASOPHILS.
Bacterial Physiological Phenomena
Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Monocytes
Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Interleukin-8
A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.
Receptors, CXCR4
CXCR receptors with specificity for CXCL12 CHEMOKINE. The receptors may play a role in HEMATOPOIESIS regulation and can also function as coreceptors for the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.
Chemoreceptor Cells
Cells specialized to detect chemical substances and relay that information centrally in the nervous system. Chemoreceptor cells may monitor external stimuli, as in TASTE and OLFACTION, or internal stimuli, such as the concentrations of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE in the blood.
Pseudopodia
A dynamic actin-rich extension of the surface of an animal cell used for locomotion or prehension of food.
Receptors, Amino Acid
Cell surface proteins that bind amino acids and trigger changes which influence the behavior of cells. Glutamate receptors are the most common receptors for fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the vertebrate central nervous system, and GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and glycine receptors are the most common receptors for fast inhibition.
Chemokines, CC
Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils.
Leukotriene B4
The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)
Chemokines
Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They can be divided into at least three structural branches: C; (CHEMOKINES, C); CC; (CHEMOKINES, CC); and CXC; (CHEMOKINES, CXC); according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.
Actins
Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.
Chemokine CCL2
A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.
Cell Adhesion
Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.
Cell Polarity
Orientation of intracellular structures especially with respect to the apical and basolateral domains of the plasma membrane. Polarized cells must direct proteins from the Golgi apparatus to the appropriate domain since tight junctions prevent proteins from diffusing between the two domains.
Methylation
Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
N-Formylmethionine
Effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formylmethionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eucaryotic cells.
Receptors, CCR2
CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; BASOPHILS; and NK CELLS.
Chemokine CCL19
A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards T LYMPHOCYTES and B LYMPHOCYTES.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Models, Biological
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Receptors, CCR1
CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. They are expressed at high levels in MONOCYTES; tissue MACROPHAGES; NEUTROPHILS; and EOSINOPHILS.
Cell Migration Assays, Leukocyte
Assays that measure the rate of migration of LEUKOCYTES. They may involve a variety of techniques such as measuring the movement of leukocytes through substrates such as AGAROSE gels or the rate of exit of cells from a glass capillary.
rac GTP-Binding Proteins
A sub-family of RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEINS that is involved in regulating the organization of cytoskeletal filaments. This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.
Chemokine CCL5
A CC-type chemokine that is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS; MONOCYTES; and LYMPHOCYTES. It is a potent and selective eosinophil chemotaxin that is stored in and released from PLATELETS and activated T-LYMPHOCYTES. Chemokine CCL5 is specific for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR3 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS. The acronym RANTES refers to Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted.
Phosphorylation
The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Cyclic AMP
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
Neutrophil Activation
The process in which the neutrophil is stimulated by diverse substances, resulting in degranulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen products, and culminating in the destruction of invading pathogens. The stimulatory substances, including opsonized particles, immune complexes, and chemotactic factors, bind to specific cell-surface receptors on the neutrophil.
Complement C5
C5 plays a central role in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C5 is cleaved by C5 CONVERTASE into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. The smaller fragment C5a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of inflammatory process. The major fragment C5b binds to the membrane initiating the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.
Phagocytosis
The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).
Eosinophils
Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.
Receptors, CXCR3
CXCR receptors that are expressed on the surface of a number of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; NK CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; and a subset of B-LYMPHOCYTES. The receptors are activated by CHEMOKINE CXCL9; CHEMOKINE CXCL10; and CHEMOKINE CXCL11.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Receptors, Lipoxin
Cell surface proteins that bind LIPOXINS with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.
HL-60 Cells
A promyelocytic cell line derived from a patient with ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA. HL-60 cells lack specific markers for LYMPHOID CELLS but express surface receptors for FC FRAGMENTS and COMPLEMENT SYSTEM PROTEINS. They also exhibit phagocytic activity and responsiveness to chemotactic stimuli. (From Hay et al., American Type Culture Collection, 7th ed, pp127-8)
Chemokine CCL7
A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. Chemokine CCL7 has specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR2 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS.
Azospirillum brasilense
A species of motile, free-living, gram-negative bacteria that occur in the soil. They are aerobic or microaerophilic and are sometimes capable of nitrogen fixation.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Spirochaeta
A genus of flexible, spiral rods found in hydrogen sulfide-containing mud, sewage, and polluted water. None of the species properly referred to in this genus are pathogenic.
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Chemokine CCL21
A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS and T-LYMPHOCYTES.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins
Heparin-binding proteins that exhibit a number of inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. Originally identified as secretory products of MACROPHAGES, these chemokines are produced by a variety of cell types including NEUTROPHILS; FIBROBLASTS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS. They likely play a significant role in respiratory tract defenses.
Zymosan
Pertussis Toxin
One of the virulence factors produced by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS. It is a multimeric protein composed of five subunits S1 - S5. S1 contains mono ADPribose transferase activity.
Salmonella typhimurium
A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.
Receptors, CCR3
CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL11 and a variety of other CC CHEMOKINES. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; BASOPHILS; and MAST CELLS.
Receptors, CCR7
CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS.
Microfluidic Analytical Techniques
Methods utilizing the principles of MICROFLUIDICS for sample handling, reagent mixing, and separation and detection of specific components in fluids.
Leukocytes
White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins
Chemokines that are chemoattractants for monocytes. These CC chemokines (cysteines adjacent) number at least three including CHEMOKINE CCL2.
Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates
Phosphatidylinositols in which one or more alcohol group of the inositol has been substituted with a phosphate group.
Microscopy, Video
Microscopy in which television cameras are used to brighten magnified images that are otherwise too dark to be seen with the naked eye. It is used frequently in TELEPATHOLOGY.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.
Receptors, Leukotriene B4
A class of cell surface leukotriene receptors with a preference for leukotriene B4. Leukotriene B4 receptor activation influences chemotaxis, chemokinesis, adherence, enzyme release, oxidative bursts, and degranulation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. There are at least two subtypes of these receptors. Some actions are mediated through the inositol phosphate and diacylglycerol second messenger systems.
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.
Chemokine CXCL1
A CXC chemokine with specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS. It has growth factor activities and is implicated as a oncogenic factor in several tumor types.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Escherichia coli Proteins
Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.
Chemokine CCL4
A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES and a variety of other immune cells. This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes.
Receptor, Anaphylatoxin C5a
A G-protein-coupled receptor that signals an increase in intracellular calcium in response to the potent ANAPHYLATOXIN peptide COMPLEMENT C5A.
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Chemokine CX3CL1
A CX3C chemokine that is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of cells. The soluble form of chemokine CX3CL1 can be released from cell surface by proteolysis and act as a chemoattractant that may be involved in the extravasation of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. The membrane form of the protein may also play a role in cell adhesion.
Cytoskeleton
The network of filaments, tubules, and interconnecting filamentous bridges which give shape, structure, and organization to the cytoplasm.
Ligands
A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Microfluidics
The study of fluid channels and chambers of tiny dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers and volumes of nanoliters or picoliters. This is of interest in biological MICROCIRCULATION and used in MICROCHEMISTRY and INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES.
Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase
A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase subclass that includes enzymes formed through the association of a p110gamma catalytic subunit and one of the three regulatory subunits of 84, 87, and 101 kDa in size. This subclass of enzymes is a downstream target of G PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Lysophospholipids
Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS that lack one of its fatty acyl chains due to its hydrolytic removal.
Methyltransferases
A subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from one compound to another. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 2.1.1.
Chemokine CCL11
A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a potent chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS.
Enzyme Activation
Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Cell polarization: chemotaxis gets CRACKing. (1/5128)

An early stage in the establishment of cell polarity during chemotaxis of Dictyostelium dicoideum has been identified by a recent study; the new results also show that the development of cell polarity does not rely upon cytoskeletal rearrangement, and may use a spatial sensing mechanism.  (+info)

Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for actin-based motility of vaccinia but not Listeria or Shigella. (2/5128)

Studies of the actin-based motility of pathogens have provided important insights into the events occurring at the leading edge of motile cells [1] [2] [3]. To date, several actin-cytoskeleton-associated proteins have been implicated in the motility of Listeria or Shigella: vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), vinculin and the actin-related protein complex of Arp2 and Arp3 [4] [5] [6] [7]. To further investigate the underlying mechanism of actin-tail assembly, we examined the localization of components of the actin cytoskeleton including Arp3, VASP, vinculin and zyxin during vaccinia, Listeria and Shigella infections. The most striking difference between the systems was that a phosphotyrosine signal was observed only at the site of vaccinia actin-tail assembly. Micro-injection experiments demonstrated that a phosphotyrosine protein plays an important role in vaccinia actin-tail formation. In addition, we observed a phosphotyrosine signal on clathrin-coated vesicles that have associated actin-tail-like structures and on endogenous vesicles in Xenopus egg extracts which are able to nucleate actin tails [8] [9]. Our observations indicate that a host phosphotyrosine protein is required for the nucleation of actin filaments by vaccinia and suggest that this phosphoprotein might be associated with cellular membranes that can nucleate actin.  (+info)

Role of thrombin receptor in breast cancer invasiveness. (3/5128)

Invasion, the ability of an epithelial cancer cell to detach from and move through a basement membrane, is a central process in tumour metastasis. Two components of invasion are proteolysis of extracellular matrix and cellular movement through it. A potential promoter of these two processes is thrombin, the serine proteinase derived from the ubiquitous plasma protein prothrombin. Thrombin promotes the invasion of MDA-MB231 breast tumour cells (a highly aggressive cell line) in an in vitro assay. Invasion by MDA-MB436 and MCF-7 cells, less aggressive cell lines, is not promoted by thrombin. Thrombin, added to the cells, is a stimulator of cellular movement; fibroblast-conditioned medium is the chemotaxin. Thrombin-promoted invasion is inhibited by hirudin. Stimulation of invasion is a receptor-mediated process that is mimicked by a thrombin receptor-activating peptide. Thrombin has no effect on chemotaxis in vitro. Thrombin receptor is detectable on the surface of MDA-MB231 cells, but not on the other two cell lines. Introduction of oestrogen receptors into MDA-MB231 cells by transfection with pHEO had no effect on thrombin receptor expression, in the presence or absence of oestradiol. This paper demonstrates that thrombin increases invasion by the aggressive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231 by a thrombin receptor-dependent mechanism.  (+info)

Similarities and differences in RANTES- and (AOP)-RANTES-triggered signals: implications for chemotaxis. (4/5128)

Chemokines are a family of proinflammatory cytokines that attract and activate specific types of leukocytes. Chemokines mediate their effects via interaction with seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Using CCR5-transfected HEK-293 cells, we show that both the CCR5 ligand, RANTES, as well as its derivative, aminooxypentane (AOP)- RANTES, trigger immediate responses such as Ca2+ influx, receptor dimerization, tyrosine phosphorylation, and Galphai as well as JAK/STAT association to the receptor. In contrast to RANTES, (AOP)-RANTES is unable to trigger late responses, as measured by the association of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) to the chemokine receptor complex, impaired cell polarization required for migration, or chemotaxis. The results are discussed in the context of the dissociation of the late signals, provoked by the chemokines required for cell migration, from early signals.  (+info)

Chemotactic responses of Escherichia coli to small jumps of photoreleased L-aspartate. (5/5128)

Computer-assisted motion analysis coupled to flash photolysis of caged chemoeffectors provides a means for time-resolved analysis of bacterial chemotaxis. Escherichia coli taxis toward the amino acid attractant L-aspartate is mediated by the Tar receptor. The physiology of this response, as well as Tar structure and biochemistry, has been studied extensively. The beta-2, 6-dinitrobenzyl ester of L-aspartic acid and the 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ether of 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-tris-sulfonic acid were synthesized. These compounds liberated L-aspartate and the fluorophore 8-hydroxypyrene 1,3,6-tris-sulfonic acid (pyranine) upon irradiation with near-UV light. Photorelease of the fluorophore was used to define the amplitude and temporal stability of the aspartate jumps employed in chemotaxis experiments. The dependence of chemotactic adaptation times on aspartate concentration, determined in mixing experiments, was best fit by two Tar aspartate-binding sites. Signal processing (excitation) times, amplitudes, and adaptive recovery of responses elicited by aspartate jumps producing less than 20% change in receptor occupancy were characterized in photorelease assays. Aspartate concentration jumps in the nanomolar range elicited measurable responses. The response threshold and sensitivity of swimming bacteria matched those of bacteria tethered to glass by a single flagellum. Stimuli of similar magnitude, delivered either by rapid mixing or photorelease, evoked responses of similar strength, as assessed by recovery time measurements. These times remained proportional to change in receptor occupancy close to threshold, irrespective of prior occupancy. Motor excitation responses decayed exponentially with time. Rates of excitation responses near threshold ranged from 2 to 7 s-1. These values are consistent with control of excitation signaling by decay of phosphorylated pools of the response regulator protein, CheY. Excitation response rates increased slightly with stimulus size up to values limited by the instrumentation; the most rapid was measured to be 16 +/- 3 (SE) s-1. This increase may reflect simultaneous activation of CheY dephosphorylation, together with inhibition of its phosphorylation.  (+info)

Tn5-induced and spontaneous switching of Sinorhizobium meliloti to faster-swarming behavior. (6/5128)

Tn5 mutants of Sinorhizobium meliloti RMB7201 which swarmed 1.5 to 2. 5 times faster than the parental strain in semisolid agar, moist sand, and viscous liquid were identified. These faster-swarming (FS) mutants outgrew the wild type 30- to 40-fold within 2 days in mixed swarm colonies. The FS mutants survived and grew as well as or better than the wild type under all of the circumstances tested, except in a soil matrix subjected to air drying. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was reduced in each of the FS mutants when they were grown on defined succinate-nitrate medium, but the extent of reduction was different for each. It appears that FS behavior likely results from a modest, general derepression of motility involving an increased proportion of motile and flagellated cells and an increased average number of flagella per cell and increased average flagellar length. Spontaneous FS variants of RMB7201 were obtained at a frequency of about 1 per 10,000 to 20,000 cells by either enrichment from the periphery of swarm colonies or screening of colonies for reduced EPS synthesis on succinate-nitrate plates. The spontaneous FS variants and Tn5 FS mutants were symbiotically effective and competitive in alfalfa nodulation. Reversion of FS variants to wild-type behavior was sporadic, indicating that reversion is affected by unidentified environmental factors. Based on phenotypic and molecular differences between individual FS variants and mutants, it appears that there may be multiple genetic configurations that result in FS behavior in RMB7201. The facile isolation of spontaneous FS variants of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa indicates that switching to FS behavior may be fairly common among bacterial species. The substantial growth advantage of FS mutants and variants wherever nutrient gradients exist suggests that switching to FS forms may be an important behavioral adaptation in natural environments.  (+info)

Sperm chemotaxis. (7/5128)

Communication between spermatozoa and egg before contact by chemotaxis appears to be prevalent throughout the animal kingdom. In non-mammalian species, sperm chemotaxis to factors secreted from the egg is well documented. In mammals, sperm chemotaxis to follicular factors in vitro has been established in humans and mice. The attractants of female origin in non-mammalian species are heat-stable peptides or proteins of various sizes, or other small molecules, depending on the species. Species specificity of the attractants in non-mammalian species may vary from high species specificity, through specificity to families with no specificity within a family, to absence of specificity. The mammalian sperm attractants have not been identified but they appear to be heat-stable peptides. The claim that progesterone is the attractant for human spermatozoa has failed to be substantiated, neither have claims for other mammalian sperm attractants been verified. The molecular mechanism of sperm chemotaxis is not known. Models involving modulation of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration have been proposed for both mammalian and non-mammalian sperm chemotaxis. The physiological role of sperm chemotaxis in non-mammalian species appears to differ from that in mammals. In non-mammalian species, sperm chemotaxis strives to bring as many spermatozoa as possible to the egg. However, in mammals, the role appears to be recruitment of a selective population of capacitated ('ripe') spermatozoa to fertilize the egg.  (+info)

Cloning and characterization of chemotaxis genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (8/5128)

Two chemotaxis-defective mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, designated PC3 and PC4, were selected by the swarm plate method after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. These mutants were not complemented by the P. aeruginosa cheY and cheZ genes, which had been previously cloned (Masduki et al., J. Bacteriol., 177, 948-952, 1995). DNA sequences downstream of the cheY and cheZ genes were able to complement PC3 but not PC4. Sequence analysis of a 9.7-kb region directly downstream of the cheZ gene found three chemotaxis genes, cheA, cheB, and cheW, and seven unknown open reading frames (ORFs). The predicted translation products of the cheA, cheB, and cheW genes showed 33, 36, and 31% amino acid identity with Escherichia coli CheA, CheB, and CheW, respectively. Two of the unknown ORFs, ORF1 and ORF2, encoded putative polypeptides that resembled Bacillus subtilis MotA (40% amino acid identity) and MotB (34% amino acid identity) proteins, respectively. Although P. aeruginosa was found to have proteins similar to the enteric chemotaxis proteins CheA, CheB, CheW, CheY, and CheZ, the gene encoding a CheR homologue did not reside in the chemotaxis gene cluster. The P. aeruginosa cheR gene could be cloned by phenotypic complementation of the PC4 mutant. This gene was located at least 1,800 kb away from the chemotaxis gene cluster and encoded a putative polypeptide that had 32% amino acid identity with E. coli CheR.  (+info)

Negative Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli | Journal of BacteriologyNegative Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli | Journal of Bacteriology
Several methods for detecting or measuring negative chemotaxis are described. Using these, we have surveyed a number of chemicals for their ability to repel Escherichia coli. Although most of the repellents are harmful compounds, harmfulness is neither necessary nor sufficient to make a compound a repellent. The repellents can be grouped into at least nine classes according to (i) competition experiments, (ii) mutants lacking certain of the negative taxes, and (iii) their chemical structure. The specificity of each class was studied. It is suggested that each class corresponds to a distinct chemoreceptor. Generally, non-chemotactic mutants lack both positive and negative chemotaxis, and l-methionine is required for both kinds of taxis. Repellents at very low concentrations are not attractants, and attractants at very high concentrations are not repellents. ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/118/2/560.abstract
Self-Organization of the Escherichia coli Chemotaxis Network Imaged with Super-Resolution Light Microscopy on ShortScience.org
The Escherichia coli chemotaxis network is a model system for biological signal processing. In E. coli, transmembrane receptors responsible for signal transduction assemble into large clusters containing several thousand proteins. These sensory clusters have been observed at cell poles and future division sites. Despite extensive study, it remains unclear how chemotaxis clusters form, what controls cluster size and density, and how the cellular location of clusters is robustly maintained in growing and dividing cells. Here, we use photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) to map the cellular locations of three proteins central to bacterial chemotaxis (the Tar receptor, CheY, and CheW) with a precision of 15 nm. We find that cluster sizes are approximately exponentially distributed, with no characteristic cluster size. One-third of Tar receptors are part of smaller lateral clusters and not of the large polar clusters. Analysis of the relative cellular locations of 1.1 million individual proteins
https://www.shortscience.org/paper?bibtexKey=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000137
Sensitivity, cooperativity and gain in chemotaxis signal transduction<...Sensitivity, cooperativity and gain in chemotaxis signal transduction<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sensitivity, cooperativity and gain in chemotaxis signal transduction. AU - Stock, J.. N1 - Funding Information: We thank M. Levit, B. Bassler, A. Newton, U. Alon and T. Silhavy for helpful discussions. This work was supported by Public Health Service research grant GM57773. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. KW - Bacteria. KW - Chemotaxis. KW - E.coli. KW - Microbiology. KW - Receptor. KW - Salmonella. KW - Sensory motor. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032971990&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0032971990&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/S0966-842X(98)01429-2. DO - 10.1016/S0966-842X(98)01429-2. M3 - Short survey. C2 - 10068988. AN - SCOPUS:0032971990. VL - 7. SP - 1. EP - 4. JO - Trends in Microbiology. JF - Trends in Microbiology. SN - 0966-842X. IS - 1. ER - ...
https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/sensitivity-cooperativity-and-gain-in-chemotaxis-signal-transduct
IDEALS @ Illinois: Investigation of the roles of CheD in the Bacillus subtilis chemotactic signal transductionIDEALS @ Illinois: Investigation of the roles of CheD in the Bacillus subtilis chemotactic signal transduction
Abstract The two-component based chemotaxis signal transduction system allows flagellated bacteria to sense their surrounding chemical environment and move towards more favorable conditions. The attractant signals can be sensed by transmembrane chemoreceptors, and then transmitted to the histidine kinase CheA. Once activated, CheA interacts with the response regulator CheY through phosphorelay, which causes a change in the rotation of the flagella. The direction of flagella rotation determines whether a cell swims straight or just tumbles. Cells also need adaptation to respond to a change in chemical concentrations, and return to their prestimulated level. Adaptation in the B. subtilis chemotaxis system is achieved by three coordinated systems: the methylation system, the CheC/CheD/CheY-p system and the CheV system. CheD, the previously identified receptor deamidase, was shown to be critical to the ability of B. subtilis to perform chemotaxis and is the main focus of this study. This study ...
https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/14750
Mutations that affect control of the methylesterase activity of CheB, a component of the chemotaxis adaptation system in...Mutations that affect control of the methylesterase activity of CheB, a component of the chemotaxis adaptation system in...
Sensory adaptation by the chemotaxis system of Escherichia coli requires adjustments of the extent of methyl esterification of the chemotaxis receptor proteins. One mechanism utilized by E. coli to make such adjustments is to control the activity of CheB, the enzyme responsible for removing receptor methyl ester groups. Previous work has established the existence of a multicomponent signal transduction pathway that enables the chemotaxis receptor proteins to control the methylesterase activity in response to chemotactic stimuli. We isolated and characterized CheB mutants that do not respond normally to this control mechanism. In intact cells these CheB variants could not be activated in response to negative chemotaxis stimuli. Further characterization indicated that these CheB variants could not be phosphorylated by the chemotaxis protein kinase CheA. Disruption of the mechanism responsible for regulating methylesterase activity was also observed in cells carrying chromosomal deletions of either cheA or
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mutations-that-affect-control-of-the-methylesteras-Stewart-Roth/84ec0c1eb59977e7d6dbf670d573804d546145c6
The roles of the multiple CheW and CheA homologues in chemotaxis and in chemoreceptor localization in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. ...The roles of the multiple CheW and CheA homologues in chemotaxis and in chemoreceptor localization in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. ...
Rhodobacter sphaeroides has multiple homologues of most of the Escherichia coli chemotaxis genes, organized in two major operons and other, unlinked, loci. These include cheA1 and cheW1 (che Op1) and cheA2, cheW2 and cheW3 (che Op2). We have deleted each of these cheA and cheW homologues in-frame and examined the chemosensory behaviour of these strains on swarm plates and in tethered cell assays. In addition, we have examined the effect of these deletions on the polar localization of the chemoreceptor McpG. In E. coli, deletion of either cheA or cheW results in a non-chemotactic phenotype, and these strains also show no receptor clustering. Here, we demonstrate that CheW2 and CheA2 are required for the normal localization of McpG and for normal chemotactic responses under both aerobic and photoheterotrophic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, deletion of cheW3 has no significant effect on McpG localization and only has an effect on chemotaxis to shallow gradients in swarm plates. Under
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-roles-of-the-multiple-CheW-and-CheA-homologues-Martin-Wadhams/7b1cfb973b91c2d3b6f894c9116fb54bdb335a88
Site-specific and synergistic stimulation of methylation on the bacterial chemotaxis receptor Tsr by serine and CheW | BMC...Site-specific and synergistic stimulation of methylation on the bacterial chemotaxis receptor Tsr by serine and CheW | BMC...
Specific glutamates in the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) of Escherichia coli are modified during sensory adaptation. Attractants that bind to MCPs are known to increase the rate of receptor modification, as with serine and the serine receptor (Tsr), which contributes to an increase in the steady-state (adapted) methylation level. However, MCPs form ternary complexes with two cytoplasmic signaling proteins, the kinase (CheA) and an adaptor protein (CheW), but their influences on receptor methylation are unknown. Here, the influence of CheW on the rate of Tsr methylation has been studied to identify contributions to the process of adaptation. Methyl group incorporation was measured in a series of membrane samples in which the Tsr molecules were engineered to have one available methyl-accepting glutamate residue (297, 304, 311 or 493). The relative rates at these sites (0.14, 0.05, 0.05 and 1, respectively) differed from those found previously for the aspartate receptor (Tar), which was in
https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-5-12
Site-specific and synergistic stimulation of methylation on the bacterial chemotaxis receptor Tsr by serine and CheW | BMC...Site-specific and synergistic stimulation of methylation on the bacterial chemotaxis receptor Tsr by serine and CheW | BMC...
Specific glutamates in the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) of Escherichia coli are modified during sensory adaptation. Attractants that bind to MCPs are known to increase the rate of receptor modification, as with serine and the serine receptor (Tsr), which contributes to an increase in the steady-state (adapted) methylation level. However, MCPs form ternary complexes with two cytoplasmic signaling proteins, the kinase (CheA) and an adaptor protein (CheW), but their influences on receptor methylation are unknown. Here, the influence of CheW on the rate of Tsr methylation has been studied to identify contributions to the process of adaptation. Methyl group incorporation was measured in a series of membrane samples in which the Tsr molecules were engineered to have one available methyl-accepting glutamate residue (297, 304, 311 or 493). The relative rates at these sites (0.14, 0.05, 0.05 and 1, respectively) differed from those found previously for the aspartate receptor (Tar), which was in
https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-5-12/figures/4
EMBL: CP002355.PE262
CP002355.PE262 Location/Qualifiers FT CDS_pept 251606..252700 FT /codon_start=1 FT /transl_table=11 FT /locus_tag=Sulku_0263 FT /product=methyl-accepting chemotaxis sensory transducer FT /note=COGs: COG0840 Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; FT InterPro IPR004090: IPR004089; KEGG: cla:Cla_1032 FT MCP-domain signal transduction protein; PFAM: chemotaxis FT sensory transducer; SMART: chemotaxis sensory transducer; FT SPTR: Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein; PFAM: FT Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) signaling domain; FT Myosin-like coiled-coil protein FT /db_xref=EnsemblGenomes-Gn:Sulku_0263 FT /db_xref=EnsemblGenomes-Tr:ADR32930 FT /db_xref=GOA:E4TY17 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR004089 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR004090 FT /db_xref=InterPro:IPR025991 FT /db_xref=UniProtKB/TrEMBL:E4TY17 FT /protein_id=ADR32930.1 FT /translation=MGWFSDDTELKEELSVLQKENTALRDENQELARKLQECEAKIAKE FT DERHRCENASMIMTYQNEQLKKNLVDVQGNMASSVASSKENIAQSTALLENIVELGQKA FT ...
http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/cgi-bin/acnuc-search-id?query=CP002355.PE262&db=EMBL&ident=ACNUC7421
GENTAUR antibody-antibodies.com The Marketplace for Antibodies : CobB regulates Escherichia coli chemotaxis by deacetylating...GENTAUR antibody-antibodies.com The Marketplace for Antibodies : CobB regulates Escherichia coli chemotaxis by deacetylating...
antibody-antibodies.com is the marketplace for research antibodies. Find the right antibody for your research needs. CobB regulates Escherichia coli chemotaxis by deacetylating the response regulator CheY.
http://www.antibody-antibodies.com/pubmed-PubMed=20345663-PubMedArticl.html
Molecular Playground/cytoplasmic domain of a serine chemotaxis receptor - Proteopedia, life in 3DMolecular Playground/cytoplasmic domain of a serine chemotaxis receptor - Proteopedia, life in 3D
The bacterial chemotaxis receptors are transmembrane receptors with a simple signalling pathway which has elements relevant to the general understanding of signal recognition and transduction across membranes, how signals are relayed between molecules in a pathway, and how adaptation to a persistent signal is achieved. Bacterial chemotaxis receptors are composed of a ligand-binding domain, a transmembrane domain consisting of two helices TM1 and TM2, and a cytoplasmic domain. All known bacterial chemotaxis receptors have a highly conserved cytoplasmic domain, which unites signals from different ligand domains into a single signalling pathway to flagella motors. ...
http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Molecular_Playground/cytoplasmic_domain_of_a_serine_chemotaxis_receptor
A prototypic modified risk tobacco product exhibits reduced effects on chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of monocytes...A prototypic modified risk tobacco product exhibits reduced effects on chemotaxis and transendothelial migration of monocytes...
Monocyte adhesion and migration to the subendothelial space represent critical steps in atherogenesis. Here, we investigated whether extracts from the aerosol of a prototypic modified risk tobacco product (pMRTP), based on heating rather than combusting tobacco, exhibited differential effects on the migratory behavior of monocytes compared with that from the reference cigarette, 3R4F. THP-1 cells, a monocytic cell line, and human coronary arterial endothelial cells (HCAECs) were used to investigate chemotaxis and transendothelial migration (TEM) of monocytes in conventional and impedance-based systems. THP-1 cells migrated through a monolayer of HCAECs in response to C-X-C motif ligand 12 (CXCL12), a chemokine involved in diverse cellular functions including chemotaxis and survival of stem cells. Treatment of THP-1 cells with extracts from 3R4F or pMRTP induced concentration-dependent increases in cytotoxicity (7-aminoactinomycin D), and inflammation (IL-8 and TNF-α). CXCL12-mediated chemotaxis ...
https://www.pmiscience.com/library/publication/a-prototypic-modified-risk-tobacco-product-exhibits-reduced-effects-on-chemotaxis-and-transendothelial-migration-of-monocytes-compared-with-a-reference-cigarette
Chemotaxis - WikipediaChemotaxis - Wikipedia
Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. This is important for bacteria to find food (e.g., glucose) by swimming toward the highest concentration of food molecules, or to flee from poisons (e.g., phenol). In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function. In addition, it has been recognized that mechanisms that allow chemotaxis in animals can be subverted during cancer metastasis. Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if the movement is in the opposite direction. Chemically prompted kinesis (randomly directed or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis
IDEALS @ Illinois: Molecular mechanisms of signal transduction in neutrophil chemotaxisIDEALS @ Illinois: Molecular mechanisms of signal transduction in neutrophil chemotaxis
Neutrophils play a critical role in host defense against invading pathogens. Chemotaxis, the directed migration of cells, allows neutrophil to seek out the sites of inflammation and infection. Neutrophil chemotaxis as well as other type of cell migration are considered as cycles composed of highly orchestrated steps. Recently the underlying signaling mechanisms of neutrophil chemotaxis are better understood with the studies in knockout mice and neutrophil-like cell lines: a number of signaling molecules in neutrophil chemotaxis have been identified, and a feedback loop-based model of frontness and backness pathways has been proposed to explain the establishment of neutrophil polarity and chemotaxis. However, the signaling mechanisms that control actin cytoskeleton reorganization and interaction between the cells and the substratum on which cells migrate are still not fully understood. In my first research project, we have identified a signaling pathway, mediated by non-receptor tyrosine ...
https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/24433
Chemotaxis and Numerical Methods for Chemotaxis Models | School of Mathematics | Georgia Institute of Technology | Atlanta, GA
In this talk, I will first discuss several chemotaxis models includingthe classical Keller-Segel model.Chemotaxis is the phenomenon in which cells, bacteria, and other single-cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals (chemoattractants) in their environment. The mathematical models of chemotaxis are usually described by highly nonlinear time dependent systems of PDEs. Therefore, accurate and efficient numerical methods are very important for the validation and analysis of these systems. Furthermore, a common property of all existing chemotaxis systems is their ability to model a concentration phenomenon that mathematically results in solutions rapidly growing in small neighborhoods of concentration points/curves. The solutions may blow up or may exhibit a very singular, spiky behavior. In either case, capturing such solutions numerically is a challenging problem. In our work we propose a family of stable (even at times near blow up) and highly accurate ...
http://www.math.gatech.edu/seminars-colloquia/series/job-candidate-talk/yekaterina-epshteyn-20100121
Probable chemotaxis response regulator protein-glutamate methylesterase elisa and antibodyProbable chemotaxis response regulator protein-glutamate methylesterase elisa and antibody
Shop Probable chemotaxis response regulator protein-glutamate methylesterase ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Probable chemotaxis response regulator protein-glutamate methylesterase Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
https://www.mybiosource.com/protein_family.php?root=probable-chemotaxis-response-regulator-protein-glutamate-methylesterase
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor attenuation of fibroblast chemotaxis depends on endogenous prostaglandin production<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Phosphodiesterase inhibitor attenuation of fibroblast chemotaxis depends on endogenous prostaglandin production. AU - Kohyama, T.. AU - Liu, X.. AU - Zhu, Y.. AU - Wen, F. Q.. AU - Wang, H.. AU - Rennard, S. I.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0034923305&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0034923305&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1378/chest.120.1_suppl.S14. DO - 10.1378/chest.120.1_suppl.S14. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:0034923305. VL - 120. SP - 14S-15S. JO - Chest. JF - Chest. SN - 0012-3692. IS - SUPPL.. ER - ...
https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/publications/phosphodiesterase-inhibitor-attenuation-of-fibroblast-chemotaxis-
Plus itPlus it
APL-1 overexpression using either the apl-1 or the snb-1 promoter, but not the pan-neuronal rab-3 promoter, caused a diminished chemotaxis response to both sodium acetate and benzaldehyde. Similarly, a short heat shock during adulthood to induce ubiquitous APL-1 expression was sufficient to cause an impaired chemotaxis response. These results suggest that APL-1 expression in non-neuronal cells decreases or disrupts the chemotaxis response. For instance, apl-1 signaling may interfere with the feedback from downstream neurons or non-neuronal tissue to the sensory neurons. Strikingly, the chemotaxis impairments of these transgenic animals were fully or partially restored by decreased activity of daf-2 insulin-IGF-1 receptor, daf-7 TGFβ, or daf-12 NHR signaling. Hence, the effects of APL-1 levels on chemotaxis are unlikely to be due to disrupted neuronal structure or neurodegeneration, but rather to modulation of the insulin/IGF-1 and/or DAF-12 NHR signaling pathways. Similarly, disruption of apl-1 ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/30/10156
Subtle CXCR3-Dependent Chemotaxis of CTLs within Infected Tissue Allows Efficient Target Localization | The Journal of...Subtle CXCR3-Dependent Chemotaxis of CTLs within Infected Tissue Allows Efficient Target Localization | The Journal of...
The main finding of the current study is that effector CD8+ T cells in skin epithelium approach clusters of infected cells by subtle chemotaxis. This directed migration can be described as a small preference for movements toward the microlesion in an otherwise highly irregular trajectory, and in fact the T cells move away from the sites of infection almost as often as they move toward it.. The observed CXCR3-mediated attraction of T cells by clusters of infected cells implies the existence of a chemoattractant gradient, and the finding that the strength of T cell attraction correlates with lesion size is also consistent with this notion. If T cells are guided to sites of infection by a gradient, why is their migration pattern so erratic? One explanation is that T cell migration has to occur through a bed of tightly linked keratinocytes, thereby severely limiting the number of potential trajectories. This, however, does not seem to explain why T cells also frequently move away from the site of ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/195/11/5285.full
DP2993 - Probable methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (McpB) - Desulfotalea psychrophila (strain LSv54 / DSM 12343) - DP2993...DP2993 - Probable methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (McpB) - Desulfotalea psychrophila (strain LSv54 / DSM 12343) - DP2993...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6AIV8
ABC3866 - Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein - Bacillus clausii (strain KSM-K16) - ABC3866 gene & proteinABC3866 - Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein - Bacillus clausii (strain KSM-K16) - ABC3866 gene & protein
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q5WB63
Contrasting in vitro vs. in vivo effects of a cell membrane-specific CC-chemokine binding protein on macrophage chemotaxis. -...
UNLABELLED: Chemokines (CK) provide directional cues that mediate the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Broad-spectrum blockade of the CC-CK family, using the vaccinia virus 35K protein, has been shown to cause a potent reduction of systemic inflammation in models of atherosclerosis, vein graft disease and arthritis. We have used a cell membrane-targeted form of 35K, Mem35K, to probe whether cell-associated blockade of chemokine response is sufficient to reduce cell recruitment in inflammation. In Tie2cre mice, activation of a flox-stop Mem35K transgene directed conditional expression of Mem35K in leukocytes and endothelial cells, confirmed by Western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. This conditional Mem35K expression was sufficient to increase cell surface CCL5 binding and reduce chemotaxis in vitro to CCL5, CCL2 and CCL3 but not to non-CC-CK chemoattractants, LTB4, C5a or chemerin. However, in vivo monocyte recruitment into the peritoneum driven by zymosan
https://www.kennedy.ox.ac.uk/publications/478427
Cell movement patterns during gastrulation in the chick are controlled by positive and negative chemotaxis mediated by FGF4 and...Cell movement patterns during gastrulation in the chick are controlled by positive and negative chemotaxis mediated by FGF4 and...
During gastrulation in amniotes, epiblast cells ingress through the primitive streak and migrate away to form endodermal, mesodermal, and extraembryonic structures. Here we analyze the detailed movement trajectories of cells emerging at different anterior-posterior positions from the primitive strea …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12361604/?dopt=Abstract
ZFIN Gene: lrrc15ZFIN Gene: lrrc15
Predicted to have Roundabout binding activity and heparin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in axon guidance and negative chemotaxis. Predicted to localize to the integral component of ... Predicted to have Roundabout binding activity and heparin binding activity. Predicted to be involved in axon guidance and negative chemotaxis. Predicted to localize to the integral component of membrane. Is expressed in cardiovascular system; hematopoietic system; ventral mesoderm; and yolk syncytial layer. Orthologous to human LRRC15 (leucine rich repeat containing 15). ...
http://zfin.org/ZDB-GENE-031113-8
Plus itPlus it
The neural basis of chemotaxis in C. elegans has been studied for years. As sensory inputs, the responses of neurons to chemical cues, such as odor and salts, have been well described (Chalasani et al., 2007; Suzuki et al., 2008). As behavioral outputs, two major strategies for chemotaxis are known: (1) klinokinesis, in which the animal changes the frequency of a complex turning behavior that consists of consecutive short reversals and omega turns, and (2) klinotaxis, in which the animal gradually curves during forward locomotion in response to the chemical gradient perpendicular to the body axis (Pierce-Shimomura et al., 1999; Iino and Yoshida, 2009).. Recent studies on chemotaxis to odor have provided a better understanding of the neural mechanisms that connect these sensory inputs to behavioral outputs. AWC chemosensory neurons show calcium responses to the removal of odor, such as isoamyl alcohol or butanone (Chalasani et al., 2007). Three major interneuron classes that are postsynaptic to ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/34/47/15631
Team:UPO-Sevilla/Project/Assays - 2010.igem.orgTeam:UPO-Sevilla/Project/Assays - 2010.igem.org
One assay that deserves to be explain is the Multi-capillary assay. It uses 96-well PVC microplates as chemotaxis chamber and 1μl glass capillaries. You can see a picture of it in figure 4, at the left. We designed this chemotaxis assay when we were looking for a good way to perform numerous and simultaneous capillary assays. The assembly of the assay required to make holes in a microplate lid to allow glass capillaries to go through it. The lid is put upside down over the microplate and it is filled with 2% agarose gel. We also used parafilm to avoid that the gel drip through the lid holes while it was still humid. The function of the gel is to hold capillaries, in its dry way. In orther to fill capillaries we closed one of its ends by heating and heated the glass; then it was introduce in a attractant or buffer suspension and automatically it is filled. It is important to introduce the capillaries in the lid and gel by its closed end to keep the sterility on the other end. Then it is only ...
http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UPO-Sevilla/Project/Assays&diff=prev&oldid=194964
Team:UPO-Sevilla/Project/Assays - 2010.igem.orgTeam:UPO-Sevilla/Project/Assays - 2010.igem.org
One assay that deserves to be explain is the Multi-capillary assay. It uses 96-well PVC microplates as chemotaxis chamber and 1μl glass capillaries. You can see a picture of it in figure 4, at the left. We designed this chemotaxis assay when we were looking for a good way to perform numerous and simultaneous capillary assays. The assembly of the assay required to make holes in a microplate lid to allow glass capillaries to go through it. The lid is put upside down over the microplate and it is filled with 2% agarose gel. We also used parafilm to avoid that the gel drip through the lid holes while it was still humid. The function of the gel is to hold capillaries, in its dry way. In orther to fill capillaries we closed one of its ends by heating and heated the glass; then it was introduce in a attractant or buffer suspension and automatically it is filled. It is important to introduce the capillaries in the lid and gel by its closed end to keep the sterility on the other end. Then it is only ...
https://2010.igem.org/Team:UPO-Sevilla/Project/Assays
Regulation of the level of methylation of a protein involved in bacterial chemotaxis | SpringerLinkRegulation of the level of methylation of a protein involved in bacterial chemotaxis | SpringerLink
In 1975 our laboratory reported that a methylated membrane protein is involved in bacterial chemotaxis (Kort et al., 1975). It is now known that the extent of methylation of this protein (called MCP...
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-349-06343-7_13
Expression of a membrane associated CC-chemokine inhibitor protein reduces in vitro macrophage chemotaxis to CC chemokines -...
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https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/110244
2008.01887] Finite-time blow-up prevention by logistic source in chemotaxis models with singular sensitivity in any...2008.01887] Finite-time blow-up prevention by logistic source in chemotaxis models with singular sensitivity in any...
Abstract: In recent years, it has been drawn a lot of attention to the question of whether logistic kinetics is sufficient to enforce the global existence of classical solutions or to prevent finite-time blow-up in various chemotaxis models. However, for several important chemotaxis models, only in the space two dimensional setting, it has been shown that logistic kinetics is sufficient to enforce the global existence of classical solutions (see [8] and [28]). The current paper is to give a confirmed answer to the above question for the following parabolic-elliptic chemotaxis system with singular sensitivity and logistic source in any space dimensional setting, \begin{equation} \begin{cases} u_t=\Delta u-\chi\nabla\cdot (\frac{u}{v} \nabla v)+u(a(x,t)-b(x,t) u),\quad x\in \Omega\cr 0=\Delta v-\mu v+\nu u,\quad x\in \Omega \quad \cr \frac{\partial u}{\partial n}=\frac{\partial v}{\partial n}=0,\quad x\in\partial\Omega, \end{cases} \end{equation} where $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ is a bounded ...
http://arxiv-export-lb.library.cornell.edu/abs/2008.01887?context=math.DS
chemotaxis assayschemotaxis assays
In article ,9411040146.AA25636 at eliris.med.yale.edu,, lolis at ELIRIS.MED.YALE.EDU (elias lolis) wrote: , Does anyone have any strong opinions on what the most effective apparatus is , for doing neutrophil chemotaxis assays? The Boyden-chamber seems to be , heavily used but there appear to be other systems that do the job. Specifically, , does anyone know the relative advantages/disadvantages of using the 48-well , microchamber from Neuroprobe or any of the products sold by Costar. I am , a protein biochemist who will shortly set up to do these chemotaxis assays , (Ive never done them before) and any help or references would be appreciated. , , Elias Dear Elias, The Costar transwells are small, relatively cheap, disposable items. It is possible to culture cells on the filters and observe penetration through the monolayer. They are simple to set up but use a lot of solutions and require you to cut out each filter from the frame by hand, which is quite a pain. I dont know if Costar has ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/immuno/1994-November/002352.html
Chemotaxis Assays - ibidiChemotaxis Assays - ibidi
To date, we have not tested the fixation of cells in gel inside the observation area of µ-Slide Chemotaxis. From tube formation assays, we generally know that fixation, permeabilization, blocking, and staining of cells on Matrigel™ is possible. Therefore, it should also be possible to do immunostainings in the 3D chemotaxis assay. In this case, we recommend removing the liquid from one reservoir and successively filling the second reservoir with the different solutions. We can assume that the incubation time should be increased by a factor of 4, in order to give the solutions sufficient time to diffuse into the observation area. The filling of liquids should be carefully done, in order not to push out the gel from the observation area.. ...
https://ibidi.com/content/58-chemotaxis-assays
Mechanisms of amoeboid chemotaxis: An evaluation of the cortical expansion model<...Mechanisms of amoeboid chemotaxis: An evaluation of the cortical expansion model<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mechanisms of amoeboid chemotaxis. T2 - An evaluation of the cortical expansion model. AU - Condeelis, J.. AU - Bresnick, A.. AU - Demma, M.. AU - Dharmawardhane, S.. AU - Eddy, R.. AU - Hall, A. L.. AU - Sauterer, R.. AU - Warren, V.. PY - 1990. Y1 - 1990. N2 - In this work we evaluate the cartical expansion model for amoeboid chemo‐taxis with regard to new information about molecular events in the cytoskeleton following chemo‐tactic stimulation of Dictyostelium amoebae. A rapid upshift in the concentration of chemoattrac‐tant can be used to synchronize the motile behavior of a large population of cells. This synchrony presents an opportunity to study the biochemical basis of morphological changes such as pseudopod extension that are required for amoeboid chemotaxis. Changes in the composition and activity of the cytoskeleton following stimulation can be measured with precision and correlated with important morphological changes. Such studies demonstrate that activation of ...
https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/mechanisms-of-amoeboid-chemotaxis-an-evaluation-of-the-cortical-e-2
Boundedness vs.blow-up in a two-species chemotaxis system with two chemicalsBoundedness vs.blow-up in a two-species chemotaxis system with two chemicals
We consider a model for two species interacting through chemotaxis in such a way that each species produces a signal which directs the respective motion of the other. Specifically, we shall be concerned with nonnegative solutions of the Neumann problem, posed in bounded domains $\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n$ with smooth boundary, for the system $$\begin{cases} u_t= \Delta u - \chi \nabla \cdot (u\nabla v), & x\in \Omega, \, t|0, \\ 0=\Delta v-v+w, & x\in \Omega, \, t|0, \qquad (\star)\\ w_t= \Delta w - \xi \nabla \cdot (w\nabla z), & x\in \Omega, \, t|0, \\ 0=\Delta z-z+u, & x\in \Omega, \, t|0, \end{cases}$$ |br| with parameters $\chi \in \{\pm 1\}$ and $\xi\in \{\pm 1\}$, thus allowing the interaction of either attraction-repulsion, or attraction-attraction, or repulsion-repulsion type. |br| It is shown that |br| $\bullet$ in the attraction-repulsion case $\chi=1$ and $\xi=-1$, if $n\le 3$ then for
https://www.aimsciences.org/article/doi/10.3934/dcdsb.2015.20.3165
Escherichia coli Remodels the Chemotaxis Pathway for Swarming | mBioEscherichia coli Remodels the Chemotaxis Pathway for Swarming | mBio
We show in this report that E. coli remodels its chemosensory physiology as a response to swarming. The altered physiology is likely the result of an elevation of the concentration of CheZ, which increases CheY∼P dephosphorylation bias and reduces the cells tumble bias. Reducing the tumble bias improves swarming performance, but a very low tumble bias negatively impacts expansion of the swarm, corroborating previous reports that tumbling is still necessary in the swarm (49). Therefore, there is an optimal tumble bias for swarming and E. coli is able to adapt its motility behavior to surface conditions that favor swarming.. The increased stability of CheZ in swarmer cells explains the increase in their CheZ levels (Fig. 6). However, the mechanism by which CheZ is specifically stabilized during swarming will require further investigation. In B. subtilis, contact with swarm agar increases synthesis of flagella by somehow sequestering a specific adaptor protein that otherwise (in liquid), in ...
https://mbio.asm.org/content/10/2/e00316-19
EGF mediates monocyte chemotaxis and macrophage proliferation and EGF receptor is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques -...EGF mediates monocyte chemotaxis and macrophage proliferation and EGF receptor is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques -...
Lamb, DJ, Modjtahedi, H, Plant, NJ and Ferns, GAA (2004) EGF mediates monocyte chemotaxis and macrophage proliferation and EGF receptor is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques ...
http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/822975/
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology | Center for Cancer ResearchLaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology | Center for Cancer Research
The Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology (LCMB) has a long and distinguished history in the study of signal transduction mechanisms that control normal cell growth and, when altered, lead to malignant transformation. Through the 1980s and 1990s many critical signaling molecules including growth factors, growth factor receptors and intracellular transduction molecules were first identified and characterized in the LCMB. The mission of LCMB remains focused on performing cutting-edge, world-class research in this field of biology, and important discoveries continue. The goals of the six LCMB investigators cover a wide range of questions. They focus on defining signaling components and pathways and understanding their regulation. The relationship of signaling to cellular growth and death, transcriptional regulation, mitosis, cellular differentiation and organogenesis, cell adhesion, motility and chemotaxis are more complex topics under investigation. Alterations in signaling leading to ...
https://ccr.cancer.gov/Laboratory-of-Cellular-and-Molecular-Biology?qt-lab_branch_program_tabs=3
Cell-cell signalling in sexual chemotaxis: a basis for gametic differentiation, mating types and sexes | Journal of The Royal...Cell-cell signalling in sexual chemotaxis: a basis for gametic differentiation, mating types and sexes | Journal of The Royal...
Signalling interactions between gametes are fundamental for sex. They entail both diffusible and surface bound signals that serve for partner attraction and recognition, and gamete communication during fusion [26,53-55]. These interactions are nearly always asymmetric so that gametes send and receive signals in a mating-type- or sex-specific manner. In this work, we ask whether asymmetric signalling enhances the efficiency of the signalling interaction itself, a theory first proposed in the 1980s [23].. Some general principles emerge from our analysis. Non-chemotactic cells can improve their search for a partner when they move in fixed directions for longer periods of time (high persistence, figure 3a). That straight-line movement can optimize a random search has been shown before in a different context (see Li et al. and references therein [33]). When cells are unable to maintain a fixed directionality for prolonged periods, symmetric chemotaxis (all cells send and receive the same signal) can ...
http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/12/109/20150342
Chemotactic Cell Migration and Invasion AssayChemotactic Cell Migration and Invasion Assay
Cell migration and invasion are live cell kinetic assays useful in oncology research. The principle difference between migration and invasion is that migration refers to normal cell movement; whereas invasion describes cells actively invading surrounding tissue. It can do this under the influence of a chemoattractant gradient and secretion of proteases.
https://www.biotek.de/de/applications/chemotactic-cell-migration-assay.html
Endothelial cell-specific chemotaxis regulator elisa and antibodyEndothelial cell-specific chemotaxis regulator elisa and antibody
Shop Endothelial cell-specific chemotaxis regulator ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Endothelial cell-specific chemotaxis regulator Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
https://www.mybiosource.com/protein_family.php?root=endothelial-cell-specific-chemotaxis-regulator
Drift-diffusion limits of kinetic models for chemotaxis: A generalizationDrift-diffusion limits of kinetic models for chemotaxis: A generalization
We study a kinetic model for chemotaxis introduced by Othmer, Dunbar, and Alt [23], which was motivated by earlier results of Alt, presented in [1], [2]. In two papers by Chalub, Markowich, Perthame and Schmeiser, it was rigorously shown that, in three dimensions, this kinetic model leads to the classical Keller-Segel model as its drift-diffusion limit when the equation of the chemo-attractant is of elliptic type [4], [5]. As an extension of these works we prove that such kinetic models have a macroscopic diffusion limit in both two and three dimensions also when the equation of the chemo-attractant is of parabolic type, which is the original version of the chemotaxis model.
https://www.aimsciences.org/article/doi/10.3934/dcdsb.2005.5.319
µ-Slide Chemotaxis - ibidiµ-Slide Chemotaxis - ibidi
Used to investigate chemotaxis of fast or slow migrating adherent cells and non-adherent cells in gel matrices Chemotaxis measurement in real-time Stable gra...
https://ibidi.com/channel-slides/9--slide-chemotaxis-ibitreat.html
The Investigation and Application of Variable Tumble Intake System on a GDI Engine - SAE InternationalThe Investigation and Application of Variable Tumble Intake System on a GDI Engine - SAE International
The in-cylinder tumble intensity of GDI engine is crucial to combustion stability and thermal efficiency, required to be different for the different operation conditions. A new variable tumble system (VTS) applied to GDI engine was introduced to meet tumble ratio requirements in various situations. The transient gas exchange of four combustion systems all were investigated during both intake and compression strokes based on CFD simulation, namely (1) Case 1-Intake port B (with flap valve)/Spherical piston crown; (2) Case 2-Intake port B (without flap valve)/Spherical piston crown; (3) Case 3- Intake port A/Spherical piston crown; (4) Case 4-Intake port A/Dented piston crown. The simulated results of dynamic tumble ratio showed that during the whole intake process the dynamic tumble ratio of Case1 was obviously higher than other Cases with the same boundary conditions, and the maximum value was about 5∼6 times higher. The crank angle range, in which the strong tumble motion fully developed, was ...
http://papers.sae.org/2014-01-2885/
tumble - Englisch-Deutsch Übersetzung | PONS
Zoom, Glück Drück, and tumble the 3D View. I have been unable to mention, much Tischkicker Löwen do justice to, all the many themes and arguments that come tumbling off the pages of this book. Wie kann ich Übersetzungen in den Vokabeltrainer übernehmen? Wollen Sie Gkfx Satz übersetzen? Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für tumble in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch​. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten ✓ Aussprache und. Übersetzung Englisch-Deutsch für tumble im PONS Online-Wörterbuch nachschlagen! Gratis Vokabeltrainer, Verbtabellen, Aussprachefunktion. today for a Swiss household to have two television sets, several computers and a tumble dryer - all these appliances increase the electricity consumed per. tumble Bedeutung, Definition tumble: 1. to fall quickly and without control: 2. to fall a lot in value in a short time: 3. to move in. No friend of liberty can avoid the tumble back and forth between Burke and Paine. And then the convenience stores will ...
https://bombsquadsf.com/gametwist-casino-online/tumble.php
Chemotaxis - wikidocChemotaxis - wikidoc
The overall movement of a bacterium is the result of alternating tumble and swim phases. If one watches a bacterium swimming in a uniform environment, its movement will look like a random walk with relatively straight swims interrupted by random tumbles that reorient the bacterium. Bacteria such as E. coli are unable to choose the direction in which they swim, and are unable to swim in a straight line for more than a few seconds due to rotational diffusion. In other words, bacteria forget the direction in which they are going. Given these limitations, it is remarkable that bacteria can direct their motion to find favorable locations with high concentrations of attractants (usually food) and avoid repellents (usually poisons). In the presence of a chemical gradient bacteria will chemotax, or direct their overall motion based on the gradient. If the bacterium senses that it is moving in the correct direction (toward attractant/away from repellent), it will keep swimming in a straight line for a ...
http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Chemotaxis
Evidence that the methylesterase of bacterial chemotaxis may be a serine hydrolase<...Evidence that the methylesterase of bacterial chemotaxis may be a serine hydrolase<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Evidence that the methylesterase of bacterial chemotaxis may be a serine hydrolase. AU - Krueger, Joanna K.. AU - Stock, J.. AU - Schutt, C. E.. N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. Jim Mottonen for his enlightenment regardingt he sequenceh omologyo f CheB with acetylcholine esterasesa nd Dr. Michael Rozyski for his invaluablea dvice and suggestionsW. e also thank Dr. Robert Gerard (University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School) for the use of his mutagenesifsa cili-ties and expertise. Thisr esearch was supportedb y grants from the National Institute of Health. Copyright: Copyright 2014 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1992/3/12. Y1 - 1992/3/12. N2 - CheB, the methylesterase of chemotactic bacteria, catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamyl-methyl esters in bacterial chemoreceptor proteins. The two cysteines predicted by the amino acid sequence of CheB were replaced by alanine residues. The resulting mutants, Cys207-Ala, Cys309-Ala and a double cysteine mutant ...
https://collaborate.princeton.edu/en/publications/evidence-that-the-methylesterase-of-bacterial-chemotaxis-may-be-a
Uncovering the Role of Protein Kinase A in Dictyostelium Chemotaxis toward Cyclic Adenosine MonophosphateUncovering the Role of Protein Kinase A in Dictyostelium Chemotaxis toward Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
Chemotaxis, or directed cell migration, is important in many biological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing, and the direction of immune cells to sites of inflammation or infection. When not regulated properly, chemotaxis is implicated in disease states including inflammatory diseases and cancer metastasis. During eukaryotic chemotaxis, cells are able to sense a chemical gradient through receptors on the cell membrane that trigger complicated intracellular signaling networks, ultimately resulting in changes in the actin cytoskeleton leading to cell migration. The proteins involved in these signaling networks require tight spatiotemporal regulation, and the mechanisms underlying this regulation are not well understood. The work of this dissertation aims to better elucidate the pathways that regulate chemotaxis and enable cells to respond and adapt to changes in the chemoattractant gradient. To this end, we utilized the model organism Dictyostelium discoideum, and focused on ...
https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/628464?show=full
A real time chemotaxis assay unveils unique migratory profiles amongst different primary murine macrophages. - The Kennedy...
Chemotaxis assays are an invaluable tool for studying the biological activity of inflammatory mediators such as CC chemokines, which have been implicated in a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases. Conventional chemotaxis systems such as the modified Boyden chamber are limited in terms of the data captured given that the assays are analysed at a single time-point. We report the optimisation and validation of a label-free, real-time cell migration assay based on electrical cell impedance to measure chemotaxis of different primary murine macrophage populations in response to a range of CC chemokines and other chemoattractant signalling molecules. We clearly demonstrate key differences in the migratory behavior of different murine macrophage populations and show that this dynamic system measures true macrophage chemotaxis rather than chemokinesis or fugetaxis. We highlight an absolute requirement for Gαi signaling and actin cytoskeletal rearrangement as demonstrated by Pertussis toxin and
https://www.kennedy.ox.ac.uk/publications/390809
Diverse strategies for attractant sensing in the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida - 学术报告 - 金沙网址Diverse strategies for attractant sensing in the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida - 学术报告 - 金沙网址
报告人简介：. Professor, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis,. Editor for Applied and Environmental Microbiology（AEM）. 报告摘要：. Motile bacteria have the ability tosampletheir environment and detect and move toward available growth substrates using a process called chemotaxis. Many soil bacteria are capable of degrading a wide variety of organic compounds including toxic pollutants and man-made chemicals. Chemotaxis can increase the efficiency of the biodegradation process. The most common sensory proteins used for bacterial chemotaxis are cell-surface receptors called methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, and the genomes of soil bacteria often harbor up to 60 chemoreceptor genes. P. putida is chemotactic to most substrates on which it is capable of growth, and it uses several different strategies to detect potential growth substrates. In this presentation it will be described and discussed that the different types of ...
http://www.hbsljxsb.com/Data/View/3770
Analysis of the MAP kinase, DdERK2, in chemotactic signal transduction of Dictyostelium
Dictyostelium mutants lacking the MAP kinase DdERK2 show reduced chemotactic responses to folate and cAMP. Analysis of cAMP chemotaxis shows that Dderk2{dollar}\sp-{dollar} cells are defective in chemotaxis to high concentrations of cAMP. This defect is due to an inability to repolarize in the continued presence of high concentrations of cAMP. Under these conditions, the speed of movement of mutant cells remains low. Instead of generating a leading pseudopod, mutant cells generate transient crown-like structures over multiple regions of the cell surface. These structures differ from pseudopods in that they contain myosin II as well as F actin and coronin. These studies identify a role for MAP kinases in coordinating the formation of cell projections generated in response to chemoattractants. A polyclonal antibody against a MAP kinase (DdERK2) in Dictyostelium has been made and used to study DdERK2 activation and localization. The activation of DdERK2 by chemoattractants cAMP and folate is fast ...
http://repository.yu.edu/handle/20.500.12202/3780
UWM Digital Commons - UWM Undergraduate Research Symposium: Colocalization effects of Pch and ParP on chemotaxis proteins in...UWM Digital Commons - UWM Undergraduate Research Symposium: Colocalization effects of Pch and ParP on chemotaxis proteins in...
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative, rod shaped, opportunistic pathogen that is known for infecting the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients as well as burn victims. P. aeruginosa has a single flagellum located at the pole of the cell and uses chemotaxis proteins to control the flagellum which ultimately directs swimming towards or away from a stimulus. These chemotaxis proteins are localized to the pole using partitioning proteins ParP and ParC. Improper inheritance of these partitioning proteins leads to a lack of chemotaxis foci and a reduction of swimming motility. We hypothesized that Pch, a phosphodiesterase responsible for regulating c-di-GMP levels in P. aeruginosa, may interact with ParP and play a role in its function. To test our hypothesis, we assayed protein interactions between Pch and ParP using the bacterial two hybrid assay. In addition, constructs were made containing pch and parP along with fluorescence tags and protein localization was analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. The
https://dc.uwm.edu/uwsurca/2016/Posters/163/
Plants | Free Full-Text | Regulation by Light of Chemotaxis to Nitrite during the Sexual Life Cycle in Chlamydomonas...Plants | Free Full-Text | Regulation by Light of Chemotaxis to Nitrite during the Sexual Life Cycle in Chlamydomonas...
Nitrite plays an important role in the nitrogen metabolism of most cells, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We have shown that vegetative cells of C. reinhardtii are attracted by nitrite. The Nia1nit2 mutant with defects in genes encoding the nitrate reductase and regulatory protein NIT2 respectively was found to exhibit normal chemotaxis to nitrite. The data suggest that chemotaxis events appear to be specific and independent of those involved in nitrate assimilation. Unlike vegetative cells and noncompetent pregametes, mature gametes did not show chemotaxis to nitrite. Just like gamete formation, the change in chemotaxis mode is controlled by the sequential action of two environmental cues, removal of nitrogen from the medium and light. Comparative analysis of wild-type and RNAi strains with reduced level of phototropin has indicated that switch-off of chemotaxis towards nitrite is dependent on phototropin. The studies revealed individual elements of the phototropin-dependent signal transduction
http://mdpi.com/2223-7747/3/1/113/htm
An automatable device for high content chemotaxis assays in the presence of a stable gradient (144.13) | The Journal of...An automatable device for high content chemotaxis assays in the presence of a stable gradient (144.13) | The Journal of...
Current approaches to study chemotaxis are limited by gradient instability, low throughput, cumbersome manual manipulations, high cell number requirements, inability to acquire high-content data, and/or poor data quality and reproducibility. We present here a new microfluidics-based approach to study leukocyte chemotaxis. The device features strong miniaturization of the use of cells (,12,000 cells per data point). The microfluidic channels in the device are arrayed in 96 well format and can be operated by standard liquid handling robotics or by handheld pipettors. Cells migrate along a surface in the presence of a stable gradient of chemoattractant that is maintained for at least three hours. We show the ability to obtain consistent dose response curves to chemoattractants as well as chemotactic inhibitors with the device. Because cells are microscopically accessible, the information content is high. Not only can the number of cells migrated be assessed, but also migration distances of ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/184/1_Supplement/144.13
Chemotaxis Application Note
Cell migration is an essential component of most biological processes, including: immune responses, blood vessel formation, tumor metastasis, and wound healing [1]. Effective in vitro models of directed cell migration, or chemotaxis, are necessary for both basic research and drug discovery [2]. This application note describes a new methodology for studying chemotactic cell migration using the IncuCyte® ZOOM Live-Cell Imaging system. This novel approach enables real-time visualization and automated analysis of chemotactic migration in a 96-well format within a tissue culture incubator.. By incorporating a made-for-purpose, optically clear membrane into a transmembrane geometry, the IncuCyte® chemotaxis assay facilitates the label-free visualization and quantitation of directed cell migration. The design of the IncuCyte® ClearView 96-Well Cell Migration Plate ensures a stable gradient over 72 hours and requires only 1,000-5,000 cells per well. In contrast to traditional Boydenchamber ...
https://www.essenbioscience.com/en/applications/measure-cell-migration-and-chemotaxis-in-real-time/incucyte-chemotaxis-system/chemotaxis-application-note/
Chemorepulsion - WikipediaChemorepulsion - Wikipedia
Chemorepulsion is the directional movement of a cell away from a substance. Of the two directional varieties of chemotaxis, chemoattraction has been studied to a much greater extent. Only recently have the key components of the chemorepulsive pathway been elucidated. The exact mechanism is still being investigated, and its constituents are currently being explored as likely candidates for immunotherapies. The mechanism of the chemorepulsion of immune cells was first acknowledged by medical researchers at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston in early 2002. The phenomenon was originally referred to as reverse chemotaxis, and later, fugetaxis (derived from the Latin words fugere, to flee from; and taxis, movement). For a time, the words were used interchangeably before being replaced almost exclusively by chemorepulsion. While chemorepulsion applies to all cell types, the term immunorepulsion is gaining momentum as a more specific term that only applies to hematopoietic blood cell ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemorepulsion
PI3K accelerates, but is not required for, neutrophil chemotaxis to fMLP | Journal of Cell SciencePI3K accelerates, but is not required for, neutrophil chemotaxis to fMLP | Journal of Cell Science
In addition to the steepness of the gradient, the context in which a cell perceives a chemoattractant gradient can have a profound effect on their response to the chemotactic stimulus. For example, both our group (Heit et al., 2005) and others (Ferguson et al., 2007) have demonstrated that neutrophil chemotaxis to fMLP is profoundly impacted by the makeup of the substratum upon which the cell is crawling. For example, ligands for LFA-1, MAC-1 and VLA-4 need to be present to get a full chemotactic response to fMLP (Heit et al., 2005). Moreover, Ferguson et al. have demonstrated profound differences in the chemotaxis of neutrophils to fMLP on glass verses protein substrata (Ferguson et al., 2007). These profound differences in the behavior of neutrophils, based on the substratum they are crawling upon, demonstrate that careful selection of the substratum is an important factor when selecting or designing chemotactic assays, especially in mammalian systems. In this regard, we have used a ...
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/121/2/205
C1q-mediated chemotaxis by human neutrophils: involvement of gClqR and G-protein signalling mechanisms | Biochemical JournalC1q-mediated chemotaxis by human neutrophils: involvement of gClqR and G-protein signalling mechanisms | Biochemical Journal
C1q, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system, interacts with various cell types and triggers a variety of cell-specific cellular responses, such as oxidative burst, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, etc. Different biological responses are attributed to the interaction of C1q with more than one putative cell-surface C1q receptor/C1q-binding protein. Previously, it has been shown that C1q-mediated oxidative burst by neutrophils is not linked to G-protein-coupled fMet-Leu-Phe-mediated response. In the present study, we have investigated neutrophil migration brought about by C1q and tried to identify the signal-transduction pathways involved in the chemotactic response. We found that C1q stimulated neutrophil migration in a dose-dependent manner, primarily by enhancing chemotaxis (directed movement) rather than chemokinesis (random movement). This C1q-induced chemotaxis could be abolished by an inhibitor of G-proteins (pertussis toxin) and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 kinase (wortmannin and ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/330/1/247
ASMscience | Leukocyte Chemotaxis
The sequential and regulated recruitment of leukocytes into tissues by chemoattractants is essential for effective clearance of pathogens and healing. The Rho GTPases Cdc42, Rac, and Rho are important for establishing and maintaining migratory polarity. Most chemoattractants for phagocytes signal either through seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or tyrosine kinase receptors. Y721 is the most important for chemotaxis because it recruits phospholipase-C-γ (PL C-γ) and the p85 subunit of class 1A PI3Ks, both of which are implicated in the initiation of chemotaxis. Several intracellular signaling complexes contribute to the polarization of phagocytes in response to chemoattractants, and they probably act together to allow optimal chemotaxis. Cdc42 is implicated in multiple types of cell polarity, including axon specification, yeast mating, and epithelial polarity. There are several PLC isoforms, of which PLCβ2 and PLCβ3 are activated by GPCR signaling in neutrophils, whereas PLCβ
http://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555816650.ch11
High fidelity information processing in folic acid chemotaxis of Dictyostelium amoebae | Journal of The Royal Society InterfaceHigh fidelity information processing in folic acid chemotaxis of Dictyostelium amoebae | Journal of The Royal Society Interface
Eukaryotic amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum (referred as Dictyostelium) in the vegetative state forage on bacteria by following gradients of folic acid (FA), a by-product of bacterial metabolism [1,2]. It is currently believed that Dictyostelium measure chemical gradients directly by monitoring the distribution of the occupied chemoattractant receptors. These cells can detect concentration differences as low as a few per cent across their cell bodies [3-8] and it is currently an open question what exactly limits this process. Previously, the receptor-ligand binding fluctuations were suggested as the limiting factor, which remains a possibility because a single excited receptor may amplify the signal by activating multiple G-proteins [9-11].. The chemotaxis signalling system can be described as the following Shannon communication channel [12,13]: the chemoattractant gradient direction as the input, the spatial distribution of occupied receptors as the intermediate step and the direction of cell ...
http://rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/10/88/20130606
Measuring Chemotaxis and Chemokinesis: The Under-Agarose Cell Migration Assay | Science SignalingMeasuring Chemotaxis and Chemokinesis: The Under-Agarose Cell Migration Assay | Science Signaling
Chemotaxis is the primary mechanism by which cell movements are directed within multicellular organisms, and it is a major component of embryonic development, wound healing, and immune responses. Chemotaxis involves a complex cascade of events--formation of signaling complexes, receptor polarization, adhesion molecule activation, and cytoskeletal reorganization. Previous assay methods were limited in several ways that reduced users abilities to obtain quantitative data or to control conditions precisely. We describe a unique chemotactic assay that can incorporate multiple chemotactic gradients in different spatial and temporal combinations. In addition, this assay is easily adapted for live-cell imaging and fluorescent microscopy. With its relative simplicity, flexibility, and precision, this method is a key tool for the study of cellular chemotactic responses and the signaling processes underlying them. ...
http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2003/170/pl5
Rapid chemokinetic movement and the invasive potential of lung cancer cells; a functional molecular study | BMC Cancer | Full...Rapid chemokinetic movement and the invasive potential of lung cancer cells; a functional molecular study | BMC Cancer | Full...
The heterogeneity of the H460 large cell lung cancer cell line was investigated by selecting for chemokinetic cells from a CON population that demonstrated both chemokinesis and chemotaxis. Using Boyden chambers, cells that migrated under chemokinetic conditions were collected and their numbers expanded. Time-lapsed microscopy under isotropic conditions showed that KINE cells moved faster and changed directions more frequently than CON confirming their chemokinetic character. KINE cells which lacked stable focal adhesion were also less adhesive to culture plates compared to CON cells which had focal adhesions at the leading edge shown by phospho-Paxillin-tyr118 antibody labeling. Weak substrate adhesion in KINE cells may account for motile characteristics of rapid and random movement [16-19]. Furthermore, the selection for increased chemokinesis did not compromise the ability of KINE cells to chemotax. KINE cells were also significantly more invasive compared to CON.. These results underscore ...
https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-6-151
Travelling waves in hyperbolic chemotaxis equations - The Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Eprints Archive
Mathematical models of bacterial populations are often written as systems of partial differential equations for the densities of bacteria and concentrations of extracellular (signal) chemicals. This approach has been employed since the seminal work of Keller and Segel in the 1970s [Keller and Segel, J. Theor. Biol., 1971]. The system has been shown to permit travelling wave solutions which correspond to travelling band formation in bacterial colonies, yet only under specific criteria, such as a singularity in the chemotactic sensitivity function as the signal approaches zero. Such a singularity generates infinite macroscopic velocities which are biologically unrealistic. In this paper, we formulate a model that takes into consideration relevant details of the intracellular processes while avoiding the singularity in the chemotactic sensitivity. We prove the global existence of solutions and then show the existence of travelling wave solutions both numerically and analytically. ...
http://eprints.maths.ox.ac.uk/986/
Interactive Fly, DrosophilaInteractive Fly, Drosophila
Studies in Dictyostelium have shown that the p110-related phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases PI3K1 and PI3K2 are required for proper development, pinocytosis chemotaxis, and chemoattractant-mediated activation of PKB. Insights into the mechanism by which PI3K regulates chemotaxis derive from studies on PKB in mammalian leukocytes and Dictyostelium cells. PKB activation requires its translocation to the plasma membrane by binding of its PH domain to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and PtdIns(3,4)P2 produced upon activation of PI3K, leading to PKB activation. In leukocytes and Dictyostelium cells, chemoattractants mediate PKB activation through a G-protein-coupled pathway that requires the activity of the respective PI3Ks. Chemoattractant stimulation of neutrophils and Dictyostelium cells results in a transient localization of a GFP fusion of the PH domains from the Dictyostelium and mammalian PKBs to the plasma membrane. When these cells are placed in a chemoattractant gradient, membrane localization of the ...
http://www.sdbonline.org/sites/fly/cytoskel/pak-kn2.htm
Chemotaxis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. - MyScienceWorkChemotaxis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. - MyScienceWork
Chemotaxis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.: A chemotaxis system for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was defined by using the method of Adler. Cells were attracted to compound
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/chemotaxis-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-0d5af11e
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF LEUKOCYTE RANDOM MOTILITY AND CHEMOTAXIS PARAMETERS AND THEIR DEPENDENCE UPON CHEMOATTRACTANT...
TY - JOUR. T1 - EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF LEUKOCYTE RANDOM MOTILITY AND CHEMOTAXIS PARAMETERS AND THEIR DEPENDENCE UPON CHEMOATTRACTANT CONCENTRATION.. AU - Tranquillo, Robert. AU - Lauffenburger, Douglas. AU - Zigmond, Sally. PY - 1983/1/1. Y1 - 1983/1/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0020499896&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0020499896&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Conference article. AN - SCOPUS:0020499896. SP - 125. EP - 126. JO - Advances in Bioengineering, BED. JF - Advances in Bioengineering, BED. SN - 0360-9960. ER - ...
https://minnesota-staging.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/experimental-measurement-of-leukocyte-random-motility-and-chemota/
ID Thoughts: Decision making in biosystemsID Thoughts: Decision making in biosystems
Decision making is one of the distinguishing properties of biosystems. Decision making of course does not necessarily mean conscious decision making, which is exclusively human. On the contrary, the ability to make decisions can be observed in every living organism even in unicellular species as a type of molecular logic, in the form of chemotaxis). Chemotaxis is chemistry-driven motility: towards areas of increasing concentrations of friendly chemicals (positive chemotaxis) and away from increasing concentrations of hostile chemicals (negative chmotaxis). ...
http://orthodoxchristian-blogger.blogspot.com/2013/12/decision-making-in-biosystems.html
AID 297157 - Inhibition of CXCL8-induced cell migration in human PMN cells at 0.01 uM by chemotaxis assay - PubChemAID 297157 - Inhibition of CXCL8-induced cell migration in human PMN cells at 0.01 uM by chemotaxis assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 297157 submitted by ChEMBL: Inhibition of CXCL8-induced cell migration in human PMN cells at 0.01 uM by chemotaxis assay.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/297157
An all-on-chip method for testing neutrophil chemotaxis | EurekAlert! Science NewsAn all-on-chip method for testing neutrophil chemotaxis | EurekAlert! Science News
An all-on-chip method enables rapid neutrophil chemotaxis assay directly from a few microliters of blood for both cell migration research and clinical sample test.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2016-05/ws-aam052016.php
Difference between revisions of CH391L/S12/Locomotion - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of CH391L/S12/Locomotion - OpenWetWare
The rotation of the flagellum and the direction of movement is often regulated by sensory stimuli, allowing the cell to migrate towards attractive signals. In E.coli this is achieved through a signal transduction system that controls the phosphorylation state of the response regulator protein CheY. In the absence CheY-P the flagellum rotates CWW in a run state. The presence of CheY-P, induces a switch to CW rotation resulting in tumbling which randomly reorients the cell. When an attractant binds to a receptor it initiates a conformational change and downstream cascade that leads to suppression of CheA, a protein that normally phosphoryates CheY to CheY-P. The absence of CheY-P causes the flagellum to remain in the run state leading to migration towards the signal. A third protein, CheZ helps regulate the circuit by preventing the accumulation of CheY-P through dephosphorylation. The 2009 Imperial College of London igem team attempted to engineer e.coli chemotaxis towards malate so that ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=CH391L/S12/Locomotion&diff=594348&oldid=594347
Participation of the β-Ketoadipate Transport System in Chemotaxis | Microbiology SocietyParticipation of the β-Ketoadipate Transport System in Chemotaxis | Microbiology Society
SUMMARY: β-Ketoadipate serves as a chemoattractant for Pseudomonas putida. The chemotactic response is inducible, and a regulatory mutant strain that forms the β-ketoadipate transport system at high levels exhibits a heightened chemotactic response to β-ketoadipate. Adipate and succinate, compounds that interact with the transport system, inhibit chemotaxis toward β-ketoadipate. Some, but not all, mutants that fail to respond chemotactically to β-ketoadipate lack the β-ketoadipate transport system. It thus appears that the transport of β-ketoadipate is associated with its function as a chemoattractant. It is likely that the metabolite attracts fluorescent Pseudomonas species to environments in which complex aromatic polymers undergo microbial dissimilation.
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-124-1-25
Phosphorylation of chemoattractant receptors is not essential for chemotaxis or termination of G-protein-mediated responses -...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Phosphorylation of chemoattractant receptors is not essential for chemotaxis or termination of G-protein-mediated responses. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/phosphorylation-of-chemoattractant-receptors-is-not-essential-for-4/fingerprints/
The dynamics of protein phosphorylation in bacterial chemotaxis. - PubMed - NCBIThe dynamics of protein phosphorylation in bacterial chemotaxis. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2261645?dopt=Abstract
Stable DNA-based reaction-diffusion patterns - RSC Advances (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/C7RA00824DStable DNA-based reaction-diffusion patterns - RSC Advances (RSC Publishing) DOI:10.1039/C7RA00824D
Gradients are ubiquitous drivers of spatially differentiated behavior and communication in biological systems. For example, stripes of mRNA concentrations generated by reaction-diffusion (RD) processes in the embryo of the fruit fly Drosophila act as chemical blueprints to direct the growth of the embryo.1,2 A variety of spatial concentration patterns also arise during intercellular signaling processes.3,4 Synthetic patterns have been generated in vitro to study and control chemotaxis,5 angiogenesis,6 stem cell proliferation and differentiation,7 axon growth,8 cell culture and cell behavior in hydrogels,9,10 and protein expression.11 Chemical gradients have also been used to control reactivity, direct mechanical actuation, pattern synthetic materials and orchestrate self-regeneration.12-14 Chemical gradients are often produced using lithographic or light-driven patterning methods that encode variations of density of a molecule along a surface or within a 3-dimensional material,15-17 or by ...
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/RA/C7RA00824D
Guestbook | Short and Hat - Travel Blog
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http://shortandhat.com/guestbook/?from=6160&select=617
Human mast cell migration in response to members of the transforming growth factor-β familyHuman mast cell migration in response to members of the transforming growth factor-β family
Mast cells (MCs) are forceful multifunctional effector cells of the immune system. MCs are normally distributed throughout connective and mucosal tissues, but in several pathological conditions accumulation of MCs occur. This accumulation is probable due to directed migration of MCs and they are subjects for migration at least two different occations: 1) when they are recruited as progenitor cells from the blood into the tissue; and 2) when they as mature MCs are recruited to sites of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate MC migration to chemoattractants released in vivo or in vitro (body fluids collected from patients with asthma or rheumatoid arthritis and TH1- and TH2-cytokines) and to recombinant cytokines (transforming growth factor -β (TGF-β) and CCL5/RANTES).. This thesis shows that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from asthmatic patients and synovial fluid from patients with rheumatiod arthritis contain MC chemoattractants, and that part of the chemotactic activity ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:163460
Protocols and Video Articles Authored by Xuehua XuProtocols and Video Articles Authored by Xuehua Xu
Xuehua Xu is the author of these articles in the Journal of Visualized Experiments: Imaging G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)-mediated Signaling Events that Control Chemotaxis of Dictyostelium Discoideum, Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells
https://www.jove.com/author/Xuehua_Xu
Following Lipid Signals | Science SignalingFollowing Lipid Signals | Science Signaling
Chemotactic cells generate localized accumulation of phosphoinositides at the leading edge of the cell. The lipids are then bound by lipid-binding domains of various signaling proteins. Dormann et al. used fusion proteins of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of various signaling proteins to monitor localized abundance of phosphoinositides during chemotaxis or phagocytosis in Dictyostelium. The specificity of the various PH domains for binding particular phosphoinositides enabled them to compare lipid signaling during the two processes. Concentrations of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] accumulated at sites of engulfment during phagocytosis, as they do at the tip of cells facing an increasing gradient of chemoattractant. During chemotaxis, the phosphatase PTEN is thought to decrease concentrations of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, but studies with cells lacking PTEN indicated it was not providing the same function during phagocytosis. ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2004/264/tw454
AID 147686 - Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of LTB4 receptor -induced chemotaxis of isolated human neutrophils; IA...AID 147686 - Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of LTB4 receptor -induced chemotaxis of isolated human neutrophils; IA...
BioAssay record AID 147686 submitted by ChEMBL: Compound was evaluated for the inhibition of LTB4 receptor -induced chemotaxis of isolated human neutrophils; IA means inactive.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/147686
ChemotaxisChemotaxis
... Neutrophil Chemotaxis Cell Migration Gateway Downloadable Matlab chemotaxis simulator Bacterial Chemotaxis ... Chemotaxis (from chemo- + taxis) is the movement of an organism or entity in response to a chemical stimulus. Somatic cells, ... Positive chemotaxis occurs if the movement is toward a higher concentration of the chemical in question; negative chemotaxis if ... "Bacterial Chemotaxis" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2017. Berg HC, Brown DA (October 1972). "Chemotaxis in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis
Sperm chemotaxisSperm chemotaxis
Eisenbach, M. (2004) Chemotaxis. Imperial College Press, London. Miller, R.L. (1997) Specificity of sperm chemotaxis among ... In some species (for example, herring or the ascidian Ciona) activation of motility precedes chemotaxis. In chemotaxis, cells ... chemotaxis was substantiated as the cause of this accumulation. Sperm chemotaxis was later also demonstrated in mice and ... sperm guidance in the form of sperm chemotaxis has been established in a large variety of species Although sperm chemotaxis is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_chemotaxis
Chemotaxis assayChemotaxis assay
Chemotaxis Cell Migration Gateway Cytometric chemotaxis and cell migration assay Free tool based on ImageJ to analyse ... Zicha D.; Dunn G.A.; Brown A.F. (1991). "A new direct-viewing chemotaxis chamber". J Cell Sci. 99 (4): 769-75. doi:10.1242/jcs. ... Chemotaxis assays are experimental tools for evaluation of chemotactic ability of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. A wide ... Seymour J. R.; J. R. Ahmed; Marcos S. R (2008). "A microfluidic chemotaxis assay to study microbial behavior in diffusing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis_assay
Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteinsMethyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins
These methyl-accepting chemotaxis receptors are one of the first components in the sensory excitation and adaptation responses ... The Methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP, also aspartate receptor) are a family of transmembrane receptors that mediate ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein. This article incorporates text from the public ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl-accepting_chemotaxis_proteins
Motility protein BMotility protein B
Chemotaxis. River Edge, N.J: Imperial College Press. ISBN 1-86094-413-2. Stackebrandt E, Dworkin M, Falkow S, Rosenberg E, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motility_protein_B
Motility protein AMotility protein A
Eisenbach M, Lengeler JW, Varon M, Gutnick D, Firtel FA, Omann GM, Tamada A, Murakami F (2004). Chemotaxis. River Edge, N.J: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motility_protein_A
Thomas P. StosselThomas P. Stossel
Chemotaxis. Fed Proc. 1980; 39:2949-2952. 40. Stossel TP. Actin gelation and the structure and movement of cortical cytoplasm. ... Leukocyte Chemotaxis. New York: Raven Press, 1978:143-57. 27. Stossel TP. Contractile proteins in cell structure and function. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P._Stossel
Twitching motilityTwitching motility
In contrast to the run-and-tumble model of chemotaxis associated with flagellated cells however, movement towards ... Oliveira, Nuno M.; Foster, Kevin R.; Durham, William M. (2016-06-07). "Single-cell twitching chemotaxis in developing biofilms ... Sampedro, Inmaculada; Parales, Rebecca E.; Krell, Tino; Hill, Jane E. (January 2015). "Pseudomonas chemotaxis". FEMS ... "Pseudomonas aeruginosa Twitching Motility-Mediated Chemotaxis towards Phospholipids and Fatty Acids: Specificity and Metabolic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitching_motility
David B. DusenberyDavid B. Dusenbery
Chemotaxis in bacteria. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 44:341-356. Macnab, R. M. 1978. Motility and chemotaxis. In Escherichia coli and ... Dusenbery, D.B. (1998). Fitness landscapes for effects of shape on chemotaxis and other behaviors of bacteria. J. Bacteriol. ... The gradient-sensing mechanism in bacterial chemotaxis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69: 2509 -2512. Adler, J. 1975. ... Mathematical modeling and quantitative characterization of bacterial motility and chemotaxis. In Modeling the Metabolic and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_B._Dusenbery
Run-and-tumble motionRun-and-tumble motion
Chemotaxis is another scheme that allows an organism to move toward or away from gradients of nutrients or other chemical ... This can result in a chemotaxis, where attractant gradients extend the length of time flagellar motors rotate CCW, resulting in ... Webre, D.J.; Wolanin, P.M; Stock, J.B. (2003). "Bacterial chemotaxis" (PDF). Current Biology. 13 (2): R47-R49. doi:10.1016/ ... Wadhams, George H.; Armitage, Judith P. (2004). "Making sense of it all: bacterial chemotaxis". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Run-and-tumble_motion
Lee SegelLee Segel
He is particularly known for his work in the spontaneous appearance of order in convection, slime molds and chemotaxis. Lee ... They also developed a model for chemotaxis. Hillen and Painter say of it: "its success ... a consequence of its intuitive ... doi:10.1016/0022-5193(71)90050-6. Hillen, T.; Painter, K. J. (Jan 2009). "A user's guide to PDE models for chemotaxis. Journal ... With Evelyn Keller he developed a model for slime mold (Dictyostelium discoideum) chemotaxis that was perhaps the first example ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Segel
Vittal RaiVittal Rai
doi:10.1016/0038-0717(90)90109-D. DOI.org Gitte, Ramesh R.; Rai, P. Vittal; Patil, R. B. (1978). "Chemotaxis of Rhizobium sp. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vittal_Rai
Borrelia burgdorferiBorrelia burgdorferi
Motaleb MA, Liu J, Wooten RM (2015). "Spirochetal motility and chemotaxis in the natural enzootic cycle and development of Lyme ... Shi, Wenyuan; Yang, Zhaomin; Geng, Yongzhi; Wolinsky, Lawrence E.; Lovett, Michael A. (January 1998). "Chemotaxis in Borrelia ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_burgdorferi
MicrofluidicsMicrofluidics
Ahmed T, Shimizu TS, Stocker R (November 2010). "Microfluidics for bacterial chemotaxis". Integrative Biology. 2 (11-12): 604- ... chemotaxis and the ability to evolve / develop resistance to antibiotics in small populations of microorganisms and in a short ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfluidics
Immune systemImmune system
During the acute phase of inflammation, neutrophils migrate toward the site of inflammation in a process called chemotaxis, and ... chemokines that promote chemotaxis; and interferons that have anti-viral effects, such as shutting down protein synthesis in ... chemokines that promote chemotaxis; and interferons that have anti-viral effects, such as shutting down protein synthesis in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_system
Michael EisenbachMichael Eisenbach
Realizing that chemotaxis is a short-range process, operating over only a few millimetres, Eisenbach looked for a long-range ... Chemotaxis (515 pages) by Eisenbach, M. (2004), published by Imperial College Press, London. Sensing and Response in ... Bacteria are attracted to some chemicals and repelled from others by chemotaxis. They do it by modulating the direction of ... Eisenbach, M. (2004) "Chemotaxis" Imperial College Press, London Eisenbach, M. (2007) "A hitchhiker's guide through advances ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Eisenbach
Élie MetchnikoffÉlie Metchnikoff
I. Harris H (July 1954). "Role of chemotaxis in inflammation". Physiological Reviews. 34 (3): 529-62. doi:10.1152/physrev. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élie_Metchnikoff
NecrotaxisNecrotaxis
Chemotaxis towards an injured cell". Antibiot. Chemother. 19: 369-81. doi:10.1159/000395442. PMID 4463832. Hu CL, Barnes FS ( ... Necrotaxis embodies a special type of chemotaxis when the chemoattractant molecules are released from necrotic or apoptotic ... Debru C. (1993). "A particular form of chemotaxis: necrotaxis. An historical view". Blood Cells. 19 (1): 5-19. PMID 8400312. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrotaxis
MicroswimmerMicroswimmer
Baker, Melinda D.; Wolanin, Peter M.; Stock, Jeffry B. (2006). "Signal transduction in bacterial chemotaxis". BioEssays. 28 (1 ... Zhuang, Jiang; Park, Byung-Wook; Sitti, Metin (2017). "Propulsion and Chemotaxis in Bacteria-Driven Microswimmers". Advanced ... "Magnetic Field Guided Chemotaxis of i Mushbots for Targeted Anticancer Therapeutics". ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering. 3 ... "Motility and chemotaxis of bacteria-driven microswimmers fabricated using antigen 43-mediated biotin display". Scientific ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microswimmer
N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanineN-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine
I. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses generic title (help) Harris H (Jul 1954). "Role of chemotaxis in inflammation". Physiological ... fMLF proved the most potent in stimulating rabbit neutrophil chemotaxis. fMLF and a sampling of other, less potent, N-formyl ... Leukocyte chemotaxis: Methodology, physiology, clinical implications. New York.: Raven Press.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple ... release N-formyl-methionyl containing peptides with chemotactic activities that exactly mimic those of fMLF chemotaxis These ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine
Protein-glutamate methylesteraseProtein-glutamate methylesterase
Other names in common use include chemotaxis-specific methylesterase, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein methyl-esterase, CheB ... CheB is involved in chemotaxis. CheB methylesterase is responsible for removing the methyl group from the gamma-glutamyl methyl ... Kehry MR, Doak TG, Dahlquist FW (1984). "Stimulus-induced changes in methylesterase activity during chemotaxis in Escherichia ... This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: two-component system - general, bacterial chemotaxis - general, and bacterial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein-glutamate_methylesterase
Clustering of self-propelled particlesClustering of self-propelled particles
Self-propelled enzyme motors and synthetic nanomotors also exhibit clustering effects in the form of chemotaxis. Chemotaxis is ... Schnitzer, Mark J. (1 October 1993). "Theory of continuum random walks and application to chemotaxis". Physical Review E. 48 (4 ... Hong, Yiying; Blackman, Nicole M. K.; Kopp, Nathaniel D.; Sen, Ayusman; Velegol, Darrell (26 October 2007). "Chemotaxis of ... as observed experimentally in enzyme diffusion and also synthetic chemotaxis or phototaxis. In addition to irreversible ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clustering_of_self-propelled_particles
Interleukin 8Interleukin 8
... in a process called chemotaxis. A number of variables are essential for the successful chemotaxis of neutrophils, including the ... It induces chemotaxis in target cells, primarily neutrophils but also other granulocytes, causing them to migrate toward the ... This causes the "rolling" phase of chemotaxis. Once the neutrophil is rolling along the endothelium, it will come into contact ... Köhidai L, Csaba G (1998). "Chemotaxis and chemotactic selection induced with cytokines (IL-8, RANTES and TNF-alpha) in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_8
BacteriaBacteria
Lux R, Shi W (July 2004). "Chemotaxis-guided movements in bacteria". Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine. 15 (4): 207 ... Motile bacteria are attracted or repelled by certain stimuli in behaviours called taxes: these include chemotaxis, phototaxis, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria
Helicobacter pyloriHelicobacter pylori
H. pylori is able to sense the pH gradient in the mucus and move towards the less acidic region (chemotaxis). This also keeps ... In addition to using chemotaxis to avoid areas of low pH, H. pylori also neutralizes the acid in its environment by producing ... Rust M, Schweinitzer T, Josenhans C (2008). "Helicobacter Flagella, Motility and Chemotaxis". In Yamaoka, Y. (ed.). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori
ChemotropismChemotropism
Chemotaxis Chemoreceptor Mechanism Turrà, David; El Ghalid, Mennat; Rossi, Federico; Di Pietro, Antonio (2015). "Fungal ... Chemotropism is slightly different from Chemotaxis, the major difference being that chemotropism is related to growth, while ... chemotaxis is related to locomotion. A chemotropic process may have an underlying chemotactic component, as is the case with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotropism
PseudopodiaPseudopodia
To move towards a target, the cell uses chemotaxis. It senses extracellular signalling molecules, chemoattractants (e.g. cAMP ... Van Haastert PJM & Devreotes PN (2004). "Chemotaxis: signalling the way forward". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 5 (8 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudopodia
Collective motionCollective motion
... a phenomenon defined as chemotaxis. Chemotaxis has been observed in self-propelled Au-Pt nanorods, which diffuse towards the ... which is known as enzyme chemotaxis. One interesting use of enzyme nanomotor chemotaxis is the separation of active and ... In general, chemotaxis of biological and synthesized self-propelled particles provides a way of directing motion at the ... Hong, Y.; Blackmann, NMK; Kopp, ND.; Sen, A.; Velegol, D. (2007). "Chemotaxis of nonbiological colloidal rods". Physical Review ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_motion
Alexander Kiselev (mathematician)Alexander Kiselev (mathematician)
"The Importance of Chemotaxis to the Health of Coral Colonies". Institute for Mathematics and Its Applications. Retrieved 2019- ... "Alexander Kiselev: Reaction enhancement by chemotaxis". National Science Foundation, Mathematical Sciences Institutes. 16 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kiselev_(mathematician)
ChemokinesisChemokinesis
However, in contrast to chemotaxis, chemokinesis has a random, non-vectorial moiety, in general. Due to the random character, ... Becker EL (1977). "Stimulated neutrophil locomotion: chemokinesis and chemotaxis". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 101 (10): 509-13. PMID ... techniques dedicated to evaluate chemokinesis are partly different from methods used in chemotaxis research. One of the most ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokinesis
Substrate size-dependent conformational changes of bacterial pectin-binding protein crucial for chemotaxis and assimilationSubstrate size-dependent conformational changes of bacterial pectin-binding protein crucial for chemotaxis and assimilation
SPH1118 has been identified as a pectin-binding protein involved in both pectin chemotaxis and assimilation. Here we show ... strain A1 exhibits positive chemotaxis toward acidic polysaccharide pectin. ... Substrate size-dependent conformational changes of bacterial pectin-binding protein crucial for chemotaxis and assimilation Sci ... SPH1118 has been identified as a pectin-binding protein involved in both pectin chemotaxis and assimilation. Here we show ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35879323/
Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) | CSB-EP746696SKV | CusabioRecombinant Staphylococcus aureus Chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) | CSB-EP746696SKV | Cusabio
Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) from Cusabio. Cat Number: CSB-EP746696SKV. USA, UK & ... Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) , CSB-EP746696SKV. (No reviews yet) Write a Review Write ... Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) , CSB-EP746696SKV Cusabio Staphylococcus aureus ... Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) , CSB-EP746696SKV. Rating Required Select Rating. 1 star ...
https://joplink.net/recombinant-staphylococcus-aureus-chemotaxis-inhibitory-protein-chp-csb-ep746696skv/?setCurrencyId=1
Chemotaxis towards autoinducer 2 mediates autoaggregation in Escherichia coli | Nature CommunicationsChemotaxis towards autoinducer 2 mediates autoaggregation in Escherichia coli | Nature Communications
show that chemotaxis towards self-produced AI-2 mediates autoaggregation and promotes stress resistance and biofilm formation ... Here we show that chemotaxis towards self-produced AI-2 can mediate collective behaviour-autoaggregation-of E. coli. ... Autoaggregation requires motility and is strongly enhanced by chemotaxis to AI-2 at physiological cell densities. These effects ... Chemotaxis assays. Chemotaxis assays were performed in microfluidic chemotaxis chambers52,53 that consisted of two reservoirs ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12984?error=cookies_not_supported&code=152a927e-9162-42b6-8f70-289e5599f8dd
Dynamic encoding of perception, memory, and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuitDynamic encoding of perception, memory, and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuit
... positive or negative chemotaxis) to reach the salt concentration of previous growth (the set point). The ASER sensory neuron ... Here, we study circuits encoding flexible chemotaxis in C. elegans, where the animal navigates up or down NaCl gradients ( ... Dynamic encoding of perception, memory, and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuit Neuron. 2014 Jun 4;82(5):1115-28. doi: ... Here, we study circuits encoding flexible chemotaxis in C. elegans, where the animal navigates up or down NaCl gradients ( ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24908490/?dopt=Abstract
positive chemotaxis - definition and meaningpositive chemotaxis - definition and meaning
Help support Wordnik (and make this page ad-free) by adopting the word positive chemotaxis. ... positive chemotaxis: movement toward a chemical stimulus ...
https://wordnik.com/words/positive%20chemotaxis
PDF] Reconstruction of the chemotaxis receptor-kinase assembly | Semantic ScholarPDF] Reconstruction of the chemotaxis receptor-kinase assembly | Semantic Scholar
In bacterial chemotaxis, an assembly of transmembrane receptors, the CheA histidine kinase and the adaptor protein CheW ... In bacterial chemotaxis, an assembly of transmembrane receptors, the CheA histidine kinase and the adaptor protein CheW ... Self-assembly of receptor/signaling complexes in bacterial chemotaxis. *P. Wolanin, M. D. Baker, N. Francis, Dennis R. Thomas, ... Regulatory Role of an Interdomain Linker in the Bacterial Chemotaxis Histidine Kinase CheA. *X. Ding, Qiang He, Fenglin Shen, F ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Reconstruction-of-the-chemotaxis-receptor%E2%80%93kinase-Park-Borbat/88b057b7f7feeb8a997ed6b445249614142aa881
Chemotaxis of bracken spermatozoids
This thesis is not available on this repository until the author agrees to make it public. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: [email protected] ...
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283737?show=full
Bacterial chemotaxis and the question of gainBacterial chemotaxis and the question of gain
"Receptor Sensitivity in Bacterial Chemotaxis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences99 (1): 123-27. https://doi.org/ ...
https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/41534249
Non-Invasive Cancer Detection in Canine Urine through C. elegans Chemotaxis | bioRxivNon-Invasive Cancer Detection in Canine Urine through C. elegans Chemotaxis | bioRxiv
Non-Invasive Cancer Detection in Canine Urine through C. elegans Chemotaxis. Chan Namgong, Jong Hyuk Kim, Myon-Hee Lee, Daniel ... Non-Invasive Cancer Detection in Canine Urine through C. elegans Chemotaxis Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to ... In this study, we established a scale for identifying the cancer risk based on the magnitude of the chemotaxis index of C. ...
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.04.29.490074v1
Boundary spikes of a Keller-Segel chemotaxis system with saturated logarithmic sensitivityBoundary spikes of a Keller-Segel chemotaxis system with saturated logarithmic sensitivity
P. Biler, Global solutions to some parabolic elliptic systems of chemotaxis, Adv. Math. Sci. Appl., 9 (1999), 347-359. ... V. Nanjundiah, Chemotaxis, signal relaying and aggregation morphology, Journal. Theor. Biol, 42 (1973), 63-105.doi: 10.1016/ ... A. Chertock, A. Kurganov, X. Wang and Y. Wu, On a chemotaxis model with saturated chemotactic flux, Kinetic and Related Model, ... B. D. Sleeman, M. J. Ward and J. Wei, The existence, stability, and dynamics of spike patterns in a chemotaxis model, SIAM., ...
https://www.aimsciences.org/article/doi/10.3934/dcdsb.2015.20.1231
WikiGenes - ECs2598 - chemotaxis protein CheAWikiGenes - ECs2598 - chemotaxis protein CheA
Neither motility nor chemotaxis plays a role in the ability of Escherichia coli F-18 to colonize the streptomycin-treated mouse ... Calcium ions are involved in Escherichia coli chemotaxis. Tisa, L.S., Adler, J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1992) [Pubmed] ... Cysteine-scanning analysis of the chemoreceptor-coupling domain of the Escherichia coli chemotaxis signaling kinase CheA. Zhao ... Two binding modes reveal flexibility in kinase/response regulator interactions in the bacterial chemotaxis pathway. McEvoy, M.M ...
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/914221.html
Chemotaxis and Inflammation | Journal of Clinical PathologyChemotaxis and Inflammation | Journal of Clinical Pathology
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
https://jcp.bmj.com/content/36/1/119.6.share
RCSB PDB - 4H60: High resolution structure of Vibrio cholerae chemotaxis protein CheY4 crystallized in low pH (4.0) conditionRCSB PDB - 4H60: High resolution structure of Vibrio cholerae chemotaxis protein CheY4 crystallized in low pH (4.0) condition
High resolution structure of Vibrio cholerae chemotaxis protein CheY4 crystallized in low pH (4.0) condition ... Chemotaxis protein CheY. A. 120. Vibrio cholerae O395. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: cheY-4. ... High resolution structure of Vibrio cholerae chemotaxis protein CheY4 crystallized in low pH (4.0) condition. *PDB DOI: 10.2210 ... Vibrio cholerae contains multiple copies of chemotaxis response regulator (VcCheY1-VcCheY4) whose functions are elusive yet. ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4H60
Substance P enhances microglial density in the substantia nigra through neurokinin-1 receptor/NADPH oxidase-mediated chemotaxis...Substance P enhances microglial density in the substantia nigra through neurokinin-1 receptor/NADPH oxidase-mediated chemotaxis...
Substance P enhances microglial density in the substantia nigra through neurokinin-1 receptor/NADPH oxidase-mediated chemotaxis ... were necessary for SP-mediated chemotaxis in microglia. Furthermore, genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of NK1R or ... Substance P enhances microglial density in the substantia nigra through neurokinin-1 receptor/NADPH oxidase-mediated chemotaxis ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/129/8/757/71304/Substance-P-enhances-microglial-density-in-the?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Molecular and neural circuit mechanisms for salt chemotaxis learning in C. elegans | Research Institute of Molecular Pathology ...Molecular and neural circuit mechanisms for salt chemotaxis learning in C. elegans | Research Institute of Molecular Pathology ...
Seminars and Events at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) and Vienna Biocenter (VBC).
https://www.imp.ac.at/calendar/event/molecular-and-neural-circuit-mechanisms-for-salt-chemotaxis-learning-in-c-elegans/
Bleb-driven chemotaxis of Dictyostelium cells - WRAP: Warwick Research Archive PortalBleb-driven chemotaxis of Dictyostelium cells - WRAP: Warwick Research Archive Portal
2014) Bleb-driven chemotaxis of Dictyostelium cells. The Journal of Cell Biology, 204 (6). pp. 1027-1044. doi:10.1083/jcb. ...
http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/67761/
Observing chemotaxis in T. thermophila in the presence of glucose, lactose, and fructose | The Expedition Observing chemotaxis in T. thermophila in the presence of glucose, lactose, and fructose | The Expedition
Cells can be attracted as positive chemotaxis or repelled as a negative chemotaxis by various chemical signals. Cell migration ... Observing chemotaxis in T. thermophila in the presence of glucose, lactose, and fructose Authors. * Irene Choi ... Chemotaxis is especially important for T. thermophila since it impacts the survival of T. thermophila in various environmental ... Chemotaxis is a phenomenon when cell movement is directed by an extracellular chemical gradient. During this chemosensory ...
https://ojs.library.ubc.ca/index.php/expedition/article/view/197332
Ena orchestrates remodelling within the actin cytoskeleton to drive robust |i|Drosophila |/i|macrophage chemotaxis - Projects ...
Ena orchestrates remodelling within the actin cytoskeleton to drive robust Drosophila macrophage chemotaxis. ... CIR Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship, `Investigating immune cell chemotaxis by using Chromophore Assisted Light ...
https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/ena-orchestrates-remodelling-within-the-actin-cytoskeleton-to-dri/projects/?ordering=statusStartDate&descending=false
Figures and data in Overriding impaired FPR chemotaxis signaling in diabetic neutrophil stimulates infection control in murine...Figures and data in Overriding impaired FPR chemotaxis signaling in diabetic neutrophil stimulates infection control in murine...
d) Chemotaxis of purified mouse PMNs toward varying concentrations of fMLP after 1 hr exposure to normal glucose (90 mg/dl) or ... Overriding impaired FPR chemotaxis signaling in diabetic neutrophil stimulates infection control in murine diabetic wound. ... Overriding impaired FPR chemotaxis signaling in diabetic neutrophil stimulates infection control in murine diabetic wound ... Overriding impaired FPR chemotaxis signaling in diabetic neutrophil stimulates infection control in murine diabetic wound ...
https://elifesciences.org/articles/72071/figures
Eggs regulate sperm flagellar motility initiation, chemotaxis and inhibition in the coral Acropora digitifera, A. gemmiferaand...Eggs regulate sperm flagellar motility initiation, chemotaxis and inhibition in the coral Acropora digitifera, A. gemmiferaand...
To elucidate the role(s) of Ca2+ in chemotaxis, the effect of Ca2+ on trajectory and swimming velocity was considered. In A. ... Sperm chemotaxis during the process of fertilization in the ascidians Ciona savignyi and Ciona intestinalis. Dev. Biol. ... We hypothesized that chemotaxis might be involved. It is possible that sperm/egg have a mechanism(s), which increases ... It is likely that chemotaxis does not depend on a rise of [pH]i but regulation of [Ca2+]i. ...
https://journals.biologists.com/jeb/article/209/22/4574/16304/Eggs-regulate-sperm-flagellar-motility-initiation
The photosensor protein Ppr of Rhodocista centenaria is linked to the chemotaxis signalling pathway | BMC Microbiology | Full...The photosensor protein Ppr of Rhodocista centenaria is linked to the chemotaxis signalling pathway | BMC Microbiology | Full...
... how this is connected to phototaxis and chemotaxis. To elucidate the possible role of Ppr and Pph in the chemotactic network we ... kinase domain and CheW may form a complex with the chemotactic kinase CheAY suggesting a role of Ppr in the chemotaxis ... Porter SL, Warren AV, Martin AC, Armitage JP: The third chemotaxis locus of Rhodobacter sphaeroides is essential for chemotaxis ... Chemotaxis of E. coli is inhibited by the expression of Ppr or Pph. (A) The chemotactic wild type strain E. coli MM500 was ...
https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-10-281
Chemotaxis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University PressChemotaxis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Chemotaxis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, Journal of Cell Biology, Volume 77, Issue 2, 1 May 1978, Pages 269-287, https://doi ... A stochastic model for leukocyte random motility and chemotaxis based on receptor binding fluctuations ... SH Zigmond; Chemotaxis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Cell Biol 1 May 1978; 77 (2): 269-287. doi: https://doi.org/10.1083/ ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/77/2/269/29646/Chemotaxis-by-polymorphonuclear-leukocytes
Global existence for a two-species chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system with $ p $-LaplacianGlobal existence for a two-species chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system with $ p $-Laplacian
p style='text-indent:20px;',We consider a two-species chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system with $ p $-Laplacian in three- ... How far do chemotaxis-driven forces influence regularity in the Navier-Stokes system?. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. (2017) 369: 3067 ... Global weak solutions in a three-dimensional chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system. Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire (2016) ... Global existence for a chemotaxis-haptotaxis model with $p$-Laplacian. Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. (2020) 19: 1399-1419. ...
https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/era.2021050
Activated protein C inhibits chemotaxis and interleukin-6 release by human neutrophils without affecting other neutrophil...Activated protein C inhibits chemotaxis and interleukin-6 release by human neutrophils without affecting other neutrophil...
Neutrophil chemotaxis in response to either FMLP or IL-8 was reduced by APC (P=0.005 and 0.007, respectively).Conclusions. This ... Neutrophil chemotaxis in response to either FMLP or IL-8 was reduced by APC (P=0.005 and 0.007, respectively).Conclusions. This ... Neutrophil chemotaxis in response to either FMLP or IL-8 was reduced by APC (P=0.005 and 0.007, respectively).Conclusions. This ... Neutrophil chemotaxis in response to either FMLP or IL-8 was reduced by APC (P=0.005 and 0.007, respectively). ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/activated-protein-c-inhibits-chemotaxis-and-interleukin-6-release
Self-reactive CD4<sup>+</sup> IL-3<sup>+</sup> T cells amplify autoimmune inflammation in myocarditis by inciting...
Self-reactive CD4+ IL-3+ T cells amplify autoimmune inflammation in myocarditis by inciting monocyte chemotaxis. In: Journal of ... Self-reactive CD4+ IL-3+ T cells amplify autoimmune inflammation in myocarditis by inciting monocyte chemotaxis. Journal of ... Self-reactive CD4+ IL-3+ T cells amplify autoimmune inflammation in myocarditis by inciting monocyte chemotaxis. / Anzai, ... Self-reactive CD4+ IL-3+ T cells amplify autoimmune inflammation in myocarditis by inciting monocyte chemotaxis. ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/self-reactive-cd4supsup-il-3supsup-t-cells-amplify-autoimmune-inf
Nutrient consumption and chemotaxis by cells - BioDynaMo - BioDynaMoNutrient consumption and chemotaxis by cells - BioDynaMo - BioDynaMo
Chemotaxis behaviour works by retrieving the concentration of the bins adjacent to the bin the cell center is in, and then ... I am currently trying to model chemotaxis and realistic nutrient consumption by cells. ... I am currently trying to model chemotaxis and realistic nutrient consumption by cells. Chemotaxis behaviour works by retrieving ... Being able to model chemotaxis and nutrient consumption at the same time is an important implementation for simulating ...
https://forum.biodynamo.org/t/nutrient-consumption-and-chemotaxis-by-cells/63
Basic chemotaxis experimentsBasic chemotaxis experiments
Improve Research Reproducibility A Bio-protocol resource ...
https://bio-protocol.org/exchange/preprintdetail?type=3&id=491
Extracellular ATP or ADP induce chemotaxis of cultured microglia through G<sub>i/o</sub>-coupled P2Y...
Extracellular ATP or ADP induce chemotaxis of cultured microglia through Gi/o-coupled P2Y receptors. Journal of Neuroscience. ... These results strongly suggest that membrane ruffling and chemotaxis of microglia induced by ATP or ADP are mediated by Gi/o- ... Extracellular ATP or ADP induce chemotaxis of cultured microglia through Gi/o-coupled P2Y receptors. In: Journal of ... Dive into the research topics of Extracellular ATP or ADP induce chemotaxis of cultured microglia through Gi/o-coupled P2Y ...
https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/extracellular-atp-or-adp-induce-chemotaxis-of-cultured-microglia-
Dynamic encoding of perception, memory and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuitDynamic encoding of perception, memory and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuit
Here, we study circuits encoding flexible chemotaxis in C. elegans, where the animal navigates up or down NaCl gradients ( ... Title : Dynamic encoding of perception, memory and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuit Personal Author(s) : Luo, ... We conclude that sensorimotor pathways are segregated immediately after the primary sensory neuron in the chemotaxis circuit, ... Dynamic encoding of perception, memory and movement in a C. elegans chemotaxis circuit. ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/30020
Methyl-acceptingNegative chemotaxisNeutrophil chemotaxisEscherichiaProtein in Rhodobacter sphaeroidesKeller-SegelHistidine kinaseCheAElegansMacrophageMicrogliaSignalling pathwayInflammationAssayParabolic-parabolicComplexesInhibitionBacteriaMembraneSensitivityInhibitorySensoryCellsCytokinesProteinsInhibitsRegularityMulticellularBiologicalOperonDictyosteliumRegulationMovementDiffusionMotilityPolymorphonuclearPhenomenonReceptorsResponseCellConcentrationBehaviorMechanismsWeak solutionsColiModelPositiveExistencePatternsGradients
Methyl-accepting1
  • Using GFP fused to the newly identified McpG, we examined the targeting of this single methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP) under different growth conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
Negative chemotaxis6
  • Here, we study circuits encoding flexible chemotaxis in C. elegans, where the animal navigates up or down NaCl gradients (positive or negative chemotaxis) to reach the salt concentration of previous growth (the set point). (nih.gov)
  • The ASER sensory neuron mediates positive and negative chemotaxis by regulating the frequency and direction of reorientation movements in response to salt gradients. (nih.gov)
  • Different interneuron combinations regulate positive versus negative chemotaxis. (nih.gov)
  • Cells can be attracted as positive chemotaxis or repelled as a negative chemotaxis by various chemical signals. (ubc.ca)
  • Movement may be towards a higher concentration (positive chemotaxis) or towards a lower concentration (negative chemotaxis). (planteome.org)
  • Abstoßung (negative Chemotaxis) von saprophytischen od. (de-academic.com)
Neutrophil chemotaxis2
  • Neutrophil chemotaxis in response to either FMLP or IL-8 was reduced by APC (P=0.005 and 0.007, respectively). (elsevier.com)
  • Enhancement of neutrophil chemotaxis by trans-anethole-treated Staphylococcus aureus strains. (bvsalud.org)
Escherichia1
  • The chemotaxis gene cluster has been well characterized and most of the genes are similar to those of other Gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Protein in Rhodobacter sphaeroides1
  • TlpC, a novel chemotaxis protein in Rhodobacter sphaeroides, localizes to a discrete region in the cytoplasm. (ox.ac.uk)
Keller-Segel1
  • The results are a contribution to showing, qualitatively, to what extent the properties of the classical Keller-Segel chemotaxis models are preserved in a more general setting. (dspace.org)
Histidine kinase3
  • In bacterial chemotaxis, an assembly of transmembrane receptors, the CheA histidine kinase and the adaptor protein CheW processes environmental stimuli to regulate motility. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Regulation of the chemotaxis histidine kinase CheA: A structural perspective. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Further results indicated that the Pph histidine kinase domain and CheW may form a complex with the chemotactic kinase CheAY suggesting a role of Ppr in the chemotaxis signalling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
CheA3
  • CheA-receptor interaction sites in bacterial chemotaxis. (semanticscholar.org)
  • CheA Kinase of bacterial chemotaxis: chemical mapping of four essential docking sites. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Amino acid replacements at residues predicted to stablize the so-called 'dipped' CheA.P4 conformation abolished the kinase activity of CheA and its ability to support chemotaxis. (semanticscholar.org)
Elegans2
  • In this study, we established a scale for identifying the cancer risk based on the magnitude of the chemotaxis index of C. elegans towards a canine urine sample. (biorxiv.org)
  • Chemotaxis in C. elegans works similarly, with one of the differences being that it is called swim and pirouette. (scienceblog.com)
Macrophage2
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Macrophage chemotaxis in Mycobacterium leprae infected mice. (who.int)
  • Kumar B, Vaishnavi C, Ganguly NK, Kaur S. Macrophage chemotaxis in Mycobacterium leprae infected mice. (who.int)
Microglia3
  • Mechanistic studies revealed that both the SP receptor neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX2) were necessary for SP-mediated chemotaxis in microglia. (portlandpress.com)
  • Further analyses using the Dunn chemotaxis chamber assay, which allows direct observation of cell movement, revealed that both ATP and ADP induced chemotaxis of microglia. (elsevier.com)
  • These results strongly suggest that membrane ruffling and chemotaxis of microglia induced by ATP or ADP are mediated by G i/o -coupled P2Y receptors. (elsevier.com)
Signalling pathway1
  • The data presented suggest that TlpC is either a cytoplasmic chemoreceptor responding to or integrating global signals of metabolic state or a novel and essential component of the chemotaxis signalling pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
Inflammation2
  • This review summarizes some immunological factors involved in the development and control of this oral disease, such as: the participation of inflammatory cells in local inflammation, the synthesis of chemotaxis proteins with activation of the complement system and a range of antimicrobial peptides, such as defensins, cathelicidin and saposins. (bvsalud.org)
  • These receptors are essential in human beings physiologically, taking part in the rules of all of our physiological activities such as for example neurotransmission, enzyme launch, inflammation or chemotaxis, aswell as our feeling of vision, taste and smell, by sensing endogenous or environmental stimuli through binding suitable ligands and AZD-3965 IC50 transducing related sign into cells typically through combined heterotrimeric G proteins. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Assay1
  • However, SWCNT suppressed chemotaxis of primary human monocytes in a standard chemotaxis assay. (cdc.gov)
Parabolic-parabolic1
  • We prove the H\"older regularity for bounded solutions to parabolic-parabolic as well as for elliptic-parabolic chemotaxis systems. (cornell.edu)
Complexes1
  • We found that hCCX-CKR forms complexes with hCXCR3, suggesting a relationship between CCX-CKR heteromerization and inhibition of chemotaxis. (rug.nl)
Inhibition1
  • This negative cooperativity may also explain the hCCX-CKR-induced inhibition of chemotaxis. (rug.nl)
Bacteria2
  • Chemotaxis - is the phenomenon in which somatic cells, bacteria, and other single cell or multicellular organisms direct their movements according to certain chemicals in their environment. (de-academic.com)
  • Chemotaxis is the phenomenon where bacteria and other organisms direct their motion based on the environment. (harvard.edu)
Membrane2
  • For chemotaxis, neutrophil migration through a 5 mu m membrane was measured in response to formyl-methyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP) or IL-8 in the presence and absence of APC. (elsevier.com)
  • This protein shows some homology to membrane-spanning chemoreceptors of many bacterial species but, unlike these, is essential for R. sphaeroides chemotaxis to all compounds tested. (ox.ac.uk)
Sensitivity2
  • 2002. "Receptor Sensitivity in Bacterial Chemotaxis. (harvard.edu)
  • Boundedness and asymptotic stability in a two-species chemotaxis-competition model with signal-dependent sensitivity. (aimspress.com)
Inhibitory1
  • Special attention was paid to evaluate the influence of TA on the chp gene expression level, as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies on interactions of TA with chemotaxis inhibitory protein of S. aureus (CHIPS). (bvsalud.org)
Sensory1
  • We conclude that sensorimotor pathways are segregated immediately after the primary sensory neuron in the chemotaxis circuit, and sensory representation is rapidly transformed to motor representation at the first interneuron layer. (nih.gov)
Cells3
  • I am currently trying to model chemotaxis and realistic nutrient consumption by cells. (biodynamo.org)
  • Chemokine-enhanced chemotaxis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells with mutations in the tumor suppressor TSC2 gene. (cdc.gov)
  • In general, Dictyostelium is useful for studying cell migration (how cells move), cell differentiation (how cells specialize), phagocytosis (how cells eat), chemotaxis (how cells move in response to a substance), signal transduction (how cells change an outside message to cellular response), and more. (amherststemnetwork.com)
Cytokines2
  • This pilot study showed that APC treatment of human neutrophils results in a decreased IL-6 expression and chemotaxis, without affecting other cytokines, apoptosis, or respiratory burst activity. (elsevier.com)
  • Periodontal diseases include a and organs, causing the decrease of collagen heterogeneous group of immunoinflammatory synthesis and chemotaxis, change in growth factors, changes from the host response to bacterial plaque increase of apoptosis and oxidative stress, decrease and its products, and they are among the most of extracellular matrix, deregulation of cytokines, prevalent oral diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins1
  • However, several chemokine receptor-like proteins bind chemokines without subsequent induction of intracellular signalling and chemotaxis. (rug.nl)
Inhibits1
  • Key Results Co-expression of hCCX-CKR completely inhibits hCXCR3-induced chemotaxis. (rug.nl)
Regularity2
  • How far do chemotaxis-driven forces influence regularity in the Navier-Stokes system? (aimspress.com)
  • This paper addresses the existence and regularity of weak solutions for a fully parabolic model of chemotaxis, with prevention of overcrowding, that degenerates in a two-sided fashion, including an extra nonlinearity represented by a $p$-Laplacian diffusion term. (dspace.org)
Multicellular1
  • In multicellular organisms, chemotaxis is critical to early development (e.g., movement of sperm towards the egg during fertilization) and subsequent phases of development (e.g., migration of neurons or lymphocytes) as well as in normal function and health (e.g., migration of leukocytes during injury or infection). (biologydiscussion.com)
Biological1
  • We consider a bistable reaction-diffusion-advection system describing the growth of biological individuals which move by diffusion and chemotaxis. (ems.press)
Operon1
  • TlpC is encoded in the second chemotaxis operon of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. (ox.ac.uk)
Dictyostelium1
  • Dictyostelium discoideum MEK1 is required for proper chemotaxis. (umbc.edu)
Regulation2
  • The Ppr protein is involved in the regulation of polyketide synthesis but it is still unclear, how this is connected to phototaxis and chemotaxis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions and Implications These findings suggest that hCCX-CKR prevents hCXCR3-induced chemotaxis by heteromerization thus representing a novel mechanism of regulation of immune cell migration. (rug.nl)
Movement3
  • Chemotaxis is a phenomenon when cell movement is directed by an extracellular chemical gradient. (ubc.ca)
  • Definition: Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus. (biologydiscussion.com)
  • Chemotaxis is the movement of an organism towards the chemical stimulus. (biologydiscussion.com)
Diffusion4
  • Boundedness and global solvability to a chemotaxis-haptotaxis model with slow and fast diffusion. (aimspress.com)
  • Global weak solutions for the three-dimensional chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system with slow $p$-Laplacian diffusion. (aimspress.com)
  • Boundedness of weak solutions of a chemotaxis-Stokes system with slow $p$-Laplacian diffusion. (aimspress.com)
  • In this note we consider degenerate chemotaxis systems with porous media type diffusion and a source term satisfying the Hadamard growth condition. (cornell.edu)
Motility1
  • Autoaggregation requires motility and is strongly enhanced by chemotaxis to AI-2 at physiological cell densities. (nature.com)
Polymorphonuclear1
  • The drug also affects polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro, thereby reducing chemotaxis, toxic superoxide radical formation, oxygen free radical generation, and neutral protease production. (vietketnoi.net)
Phenomenon2
  • These spiky solutions can be used to model the self--organized cell aggregation phenomenon in chemotaxis. (aimsciences.org)
  • The chemotaxis phenomenon results in pattern formation. (harvard.edu)
Receptors2
  • Apart from the involvement of CCR7 and CCR8 chemokine receptors in the migration of antigen-carrying lung DCs to draining lymph nodes, [ 89 ] we have recently found that calcium-activated potassium channel, KCa3.1, is a key player in regulating the chemotaxis of DCs in the lungs. (medscape.com)
  • Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) comprise a functionally specific GPCR subfamily involved with leukocyte chemotaxis and activation. (mdm2-inhibitors.com)
Response3
  • On the other hand, the two domains were closed in substrate-bound form and the domain closure ratio was changed in response to the substrate size, suggesting that the conformational change upon binding to the substrate triggered the expression of pectin chemotaxis and assimilation. (nih.gov)
  • Vibrio cholerae contains multiple copies of chemotaxis response regulator (VcCheY1-VcCheY4) whose functions are elusive yet. (rcsb.org)
  • For R. centenaria , a close relationship between chemotaxis and the phototactic response has been found [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell2
  • Chemotaxis behaviour works by retrieving the concentration of the bins adjacent to the bin the cell center is in, and then creating a 3d vector which points in the direction of the concentration gradient. (biodynamo.org)
  • Solution 2 leads to unrealistic chemotaxis as the cell struggles to move diagonally towards nutrients. (biodynamo.org)
Concentration1
  • Animals who rely on chemotaxis can register many different molecules and are very sensitive to changes in concentration. (scienceblog.com)
Behavior2
  • Global existence and asymptotic behavior of classical solutions for a 3D two-species chemotaxis-Stokes system with competitive kinetics. (aimspress.com)
  • Global existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions for a fractional chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system. (zbmath.org)
Mechanisms1
  • In particular, the effective model considers not the mechanisms of the chemotaxis but the averaged effect of it, thus greatly reducing the complexity of the modeling. (harvard.edu)
Weak solutions1
  • Global weak solutions in a three-dimensional chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system. (aimspress.com)
Coli1
  • Here we show that chemotaxis towards self-produced AI-2 can mediate collective behaviour-autoaggregation-of E. coli . (nature.com)
Model4
  • Global existence for a chemotaxis-haptotaxis model with $p$-Laplacian. (aimspress.com)
  • Being able to model chemotaxis and nutrient consumption at the same time is an important implementation for simulating microbial communities. (biodynamo.org)
  • Chemotaxis is one of the favourite things among mathematicians to model. (scienceblog.com)
  • This commentary addresses the study by Cates et al (ref 1) where an effective model is used to describe the pattern formation in chemotaxis. (harvard.edu)
Positive3
  • strain A1 exhibits positive chemotaxis toward acidic polysaccharide pectin. (nih.gov)
  • Help support Wordnik (and make this page ad-free) by adopting the word positive chemotaxis . (wordnik.com)
  • en〉 Anlockung (positive Chemotaxis) od. (de-academic.com)
Existence1
  • Global existence for a two-species chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system with $ p $-Laplacian[J]. Electronic Research Archive, 2021, 29(5): 3509-3533. (aimspress.com)
Patterns1
  • M.P. Brenner, Chemotactic Patterns without Chemotaxis, Proc. (harvard.edu)
Gradients1
  • Chemotaxis is a way of navigating the environment using chemical gradients as a cue. (scienceblog.com)