Chemotactic factors. Medical search

Chemical substances that attract or repel cells. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, microbial invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract LEUKOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; or other cells to the site of infection or insult.

The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction.

C5 plays a central role in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C5 is cleaved by C5 CONVERTASE into COMPLEMENT C5A and COMPLEMENT C5B. The smaller fragment C5a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of inflammatory process. The major fragment C5b binds to the membrane initiating the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX.

Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract eosinophils; they may be complement fragments, lymphokines, neutrophil products, histamine or other; the best known is the tetrapeptide ECF-A, released mainly by mast cells.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.

Effective in the initiation of protein synthesis. The initiating methionine residue enters the ribosome as N-formylmethionyl tRNA. This process occurs in Escherichia coli and other bacteria as well as in the mitochondria of eucaryotic cells.

A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.

The minor fragment formed when C5 convertase cleaves C5 into C5a and COMPLEMENT C5B. C5a is a 74-amino-acid glycopeptide with a carboxy-terminal ARGININE that is crucial for its spasmogenic activity. Of all the complement-derived anaphylatoxins, C5a is the most potent in mediating immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE), smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; HISTAMINE RELEASE; and migration of LEUKOCYTES to site of INFLAMMATION.

A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.

A transplantable carcinoma of the rat that originally appeared spontaneously in the mammary gland of a pregnant albino rat, and which now resembles a carcinoma in young transplants and a sarcoma in older transplants. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Group of chemokines without adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes only.

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990)

Serum peptides derived from certain cleaved COMPLEMENT PROTEINS during COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. They induce smooth MUSCLE CONTRACTION; mast cell HISTAMINE RELEASE; PLATELET AGGREGATION; and act as mediators of the local inflammatory process. The order of anaphylatoxin activity from the strongest to the weakest is C5a, C3a, C4a, and C5a des-arginine.

A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Serum glycoproteins participating in the host defense mechanism of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION that creates the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Included are glycoproteins in the various pathways of complement activation (CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY; and LECTIN COMPLEMENT PATHWAY).

A colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Exudates are fluids, CELLS, or other cellular substances that are slowly discharged from BLOOD VESSELS usually from inflamed tissues. Transudates are fluids that pass through a membrane or squeeze through tissue or into the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE of TISSUES. Transudates are thin and watery and contain few cells or PROTEINS.

Chemokines that are chemoattractants for monocytes. These CC chemokines (cysteines adjacent) number at least three including CHEMOKINE CCL2.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

Molecules on the surface of some B-lymphocytes and macrophages, that recognize and combine with the C3b, C3d, C1q, and C4b components of complement.

The study of the structure, behavior, growth, reproduction, and pathology of cells; and the function and chemistry of cellular components.

Electrophoresis applied to BLOOD PROTEINS.

One of the HISTAMINE H1 ANTAGONISTS with little sedative action. It is used in treatment of hay fever, rhinitis, allergic dermatoses, and pruritus.

A family of G-protein-coupled receptors that was originally identified by its ability to bind N-formyl peptides such as N-FORMYLMETHIONINE LEUCYL-PHENYLALANINE. Since N-formyl peptides are found in MITOCHONDRIA and BACTERIA, this class of receptors is believed to play a role in mediating cellular responses to cellular damage and bacterial invasion. However, non-formylated peptide ligands have also been found for this receptor class.

Group of chemokines with paired cysteines separated by a different amino acid. CXC chemokines are chemoattractants for neutrophils but not monocytes.

The serous fluid of ASCITES, the accumulation of fluids in the PERITONEAL CAVITY.

An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

A major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (PERIODIC DISEASE).

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Serum globulins that migrate to the gamma region (most positively charged) upon ELECTROPHORESIS. At one time, gamma-globulins came to be used as a synonym for immunoglobulins since most immunoglobulins are gamma globulins and conversely most gamma globulins are immunoglobulins. But since some immunoglobulins exhibit an alpha or beta electrophoretic mobility, that usage is in decline.

A dermal inflammatory reaction produced under conditions of antibody excess, when a second injection of antigen produces intravascular antigen-antibody complexes which bind complement, causing cell clumping, endothelial damage, and vascular necrosis.

Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They can be divided into at least three structural branches: C; (CHEMOKINES, C); CC; (CHEMOKINES, CC); and CXC; (CHEMOKINES, CXC); according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

Virus diseases caused by the TOGAVIRIDAE.

A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol.

Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

A CXC chemokine with specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS. It has growth factor activities and is implicated as a oncogenic factor in several tumor types.

The phenomenon by which dissociated cells intermixed in vitro tend to group themselves with cells of their own type.

A phospholipid derivative formed by PLATELETS; BASOPHILS; NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES. It is a potent platelet aggregating agent and inducer of systemic anaphylactic symptoms, including HYPOTENSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEUTROPENIA; and BRONCHOCONSTRICTION.

Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells.

A membrane or barrier with micrometer sized pores used for separation purification processes.

The decrease in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

The process in which the neutrophil is stimulated by diverse substances, resulting in degranulation and/or generation of reactive oxygen products, and culminating in the destruction of invading pathogens. The stimulatory substances, including opsonized particles, immune complexes, and chemotactic factors, bind to specific cell-surface receptors on the neutrophil.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.

Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.

A cytokine produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that stimulates the migration of CD4-POSITIVE LYMPHOCYTES and monocytes. It has been reported to suppress HIV replication.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

Culture media containing biologically active components obtained from previously cultured cells or tissues that have released into the media substances affecting certain cell functions (e.g., growth, lysis).

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

Molecules found on the surface of some, but not all, B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages, which recognize and combine with the Fc (crystallizable) portion of immunoglobulin molecules.

A di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate which is an irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor used to investigate the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.

The science and application of a double-beam transmission interference microscope in which the illuminating light beam is split into two paths. One beam passes through the specimen while the other beam reflects off a reference mirror before joining and interfering with the other. The observed optical path difference between the two beams can be measured and used to discriminate minute differences in thickness and refraction of non-stained transparent specimens, such as living cells in culture.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Molecular sites on or in some B-lymphocytes and macrophages that recognize and combine with COMPLEMENT C3B. The primary structure of these receptors reveal that they contain transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, with their extracellular portion composed entirely of thirty short consensus repeats each having 60 to 70 amino acids.

An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.

A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

Preparations made from animal tissues or organs (ANIMAL STRUCTURES). They usually contain many components, any one of which may be pharmacologically or physiologically active. Tissue extracts may contain specific, but uncharacterized factors or proteins with specific actions.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Carbon-containing phosphonic acid compounds. Included under this heading are compounds that have carbon bound to either OXYGEN atom or the PHOSPHOROUS atom of the (P=O)O2 structure.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Any inflammation of the skin.

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A subclass of EXOPEPTIDASES that act on the free N terminus end of a polypeptide liberating a single amino acid residue. EC 3.4.11.

An oxidative decarboxylation process that converts GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE to D-ribose-5-phosphate via 6-phosphogluconate. The pentose product is used in the biosynthesis of NUCLEIC ACIDS. The generated energy is stored in the form of NADPH. This pathway is prominent in tissues which are active in the synthesis of FATTY ACIDS and STEROIDS.

Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.

A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a potent chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS.

Cell surface molecules on cells of the immune system that specifically bind surface molecules or messenger molecules and trigger changes in the behavior of cells. Although these receptors were first identified in the immune system, many have important functions elsewhere.

Glycoproteins which contain sialic acid as one of their carbohydrates. They are often found on or in the cell or tissue membranes and participate in a variety of biological activities.

Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.

White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Soluble mediators of the immune response that are neither antibodies nor complement. They are produced largely, but not exclusively, by monocytes and macrophages.

A defect of leukocyte function in which phagocytic cells ingest but fail to digest bacteria, resulting in recurring bacterial infections with granuloma formation. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, the condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. When chronic granulomatous disease is caused by CYBA, NCF1, NCF2, or NCF4 gene mutations, the condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern.

A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.

The diffusion or accumulation of neutrophils in tissues or cells in response to a wide variety of substances released at the sites of inflammatory reactions.

A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Organic compounds that contain two nitro groups attached to a phenol.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

A protease of broad specificity, obtained from dried pancreas. Molecular weight is approximately 25,000. The enzyme breaks down elastin, the specific protein of elastic fibers, and digests other proteins such as fibrin, hemoglobin, and albumin. EC 3.4.21.36.

A group of compounds with the heterocyclic ring structure of benzo(c)pyridine. The ring structure is characteristic of the group of opium alkaloids such as papaverine. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.

A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.

Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES; and a variety of other immune cells. This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Cell-surface glycoprotein beta-chains that are non-covalently linked to specific alpha-chains of the CD11 family of leukocyte-adhesion molecules (RECEPTORS, LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION). A defect in the gene encoding CD18 causes LEUKOCYTE-ADHESION DEFICIENCY SYNDROME.

One of the virulence factors produced by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS. It is a multimeric protein composed of five subunits S1 - S5. S1 contains mono ADPribose transferase activity.

Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils.

An adhesion-promoting leukocyte surface membrane heterodimer. The alpha subunit consists of the CD11b ANTIGEN and the beta subunit the CD18 ANTIGEN. The antigen, which is an integrin, functions both as a receptor for complement 3 and in cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesive interactions.

Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A set of BACTERIAL ADHESINS and TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL produced by BORDETELLA organisms that determine the pathogenesis of BORDETELLA INFECTIONS, such as WHOOPING COUGH. They include filamentous hemagglutinin; FIMBRIAE PROTEINS; pertactin; PERTUSSIS TOXIN; ADENYLATE CYCLASE TOXIN; dermonecrotic toxin; tracheal cytotoxin; Bordetella LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; and tracheal colonization factor.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The sequential activation of serum COMPLEMENT PROTEINS to create the COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX. Factors initiating complement activation include ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES, microbial ANTIGENS, or cell surface POLYSACCHARIDES.

Soluble factors which stimulate growth-related activities of leukocytes as well as other cell types. They enhance cell proliferation and differentiation, DNA synthesis, secretion of other biologically active molecules and responses to immune and inflammatory stimuli.

A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR4 RECEPTORS. Two isoforms of CXCL12 are produced by alternative mRNA splicing.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Proteins that bind specific drugs with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Drug receptors are generally thought to be receptors for some endogenous substance not otherwise specified.

Heparin-binding proteins that exhibit a number of inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. Originally identified as secretory products of MACROPHAGES, these chemokines are produced by a variety of cell types including NEUTROPHILS; FIBROBLASTS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS. They likely play a significant role in respiratory tract defenses.

Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.

The property of blood capillary ENDOTHELIUM that allows for the selective exchange of substances between the blood and surrounding tissues and through membranous barriers such as the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER; BLOOD-AQUEOUS BARRIER; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; BLOOD-NERVE BARRIER; BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER; and BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER. Small lipid-soluble molecules such as carbon dioxide and oxygen move freely by diffusion. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass through the endothelial walls and are dependent on microscopic pores. These pores show narrow areas (TIGHT JUNCTIONS) which may limit large molecule movement.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.

An acidic glycoprotein of MW 23 kDa with internal disulfide bonds. The protein is produced in response to a number of inflammatory mediators by mesenchymal cells present in the hemopoietic environment and at peripheral sites of inflammation. GM-CSF is able to stimulate the production of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and mixed granulocyte-macrophage colonies from bone marrow cells and can stimulate the formation of eosinophil colonies from fetal liver progenitor cells. GM-CSF can also stimulate some functional activities in mature granulocytes and macrophages.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Non-serum-dependent chemotactic factors produced by Candida albicans stimulate chemotaxis by binding to the formyl peptide receptor on neutrophils and to an unknown receptor on macrophages. (1/1836)

Serum-free culture filtrates of six Candida species and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were found to contain chemoattractants for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and a mouse macrophage-like cell line, J774. The chemotactic factors differed for the PMN and J774 cells, however, in terms of heat stability, kinetics of liberation by the yeast cells, and divalent cation requirements for production. The chemoattractant in Candida albicans culture filtrates appeared to act through the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) of PMNs, since it was found to induce chemotaxis of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells that were expressing the human FPR but did not induce chemotaxis of wild-type CHO cells. The C. albicans culture filtrates also induced migration of PMNs across confluent monolayers of a human gastrointestinal epithelial cell line, T84; migration occurred in the basolateral-to-apical direction but not the reverse direction, unless the epithelial tight junctions were disrupted. J774 cells did not migrate toward the formylated peptide (fMet-Leu-Phe; fMLF), and chemotaxis toward the C. albicans culture filtrate was not inhibited by an FPR antagonist (t-butoxycarbonyl-Met-Leu-Phe), suggesting that a different receptor mediated J774 cell chemotaxis. In conclusion, we have identified a receptor by which a non-serum-dependent chemotactic factor (NSCF) produced by C. albicans induced chemotaxis of PMNs. Additionally, we have shown that NSCF was active across epithelial monolayers. These findings suggest that NSCFs produced by C. albicans and other yeast species may influence host-pathogen interactions at the gastrointestinal tract mucosal surface by inducing phagocytic-cell infiltration. (+info)

Acetyl-CoA:1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetyltransferase is directly activated by p38 kinase. (2/1836)

Acetyl-CoA:1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetyltransferase, along with phospholipase A2, is a key regulator of platelet-activating factor biosynthesis via the remodeling pathway. We have now obtained evidence in human neutrophils indicating that this enzyme is regulated by a specific member of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, namely the p38 kinase. We earlier demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as well as N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine treatment leads to increased phosphorylation and activation of p38 kinase in human neutrophils. Strikingly, in the present study these stimuli increased the catalytic activity of acetyltransferase up to 3-fold, whereas 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, which activates the extracellular-regulated kinases (ERKs) but not p38 kinase, had no effect. Furthermore, a selective inhibitor of p38 kinase, SB 203580, was able to abolish the TNF-alpha- and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced activation of acetyltransferase. The same effect was not observed in the presence of an inhibitor that blocked ERK activation (PD 98059). Complementing the findings in intact cells, we have shown that recombinant, activated p38 kinase added to microsomes in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP increased acetyltransferase activity to the same degree as in microsomes obtained from TNF-alpha-stimulated cells. No activation of acetyltransferase occurred upon treatment of microsomes with either recombinant, activated ERK-1 or ERK-2. Finally, the increases in acetyltransferase activity induced by TNF-alpha could be ablated by treating the microsomes with alkaline phosphatase. Thus acetyltransferase appears to be a downstream target for p38 kinase but not ERKs. These data from whole cells as well as cell-free systems fit a model wherein stimulus-induced acetyltransferase activation is mediated by a phosphorylation event catalyzed directly by p38 kinase. (+info)

Isolation of novel GRO genes and a phylogenetic analysis of the CXC chemokine subfamily in mammals. (3/1836)

Approximately 15 different alpha, or CXC, chemokines have thus far been isolated from 11 species of mammals. Among the best studied chemokines are the 12 human proteins that are encoded by 11 paralogous genes. In order to better understand the evolution and function of this group of genes, we isolated and characterized six novel GRO and GRO-related cDNA sequences from the cow (Bos taurus), the sheep (Ovis aries), the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). The amino acid sequence of the diverged guinea pig GRO or KC gene is only 50%-60% similar to presumed orthologs from other species, while the sheep and cow GRO proteins are 90%-99% similar to each other. The presence of multiple GRO genes in the cow, the rabbit, and the sheep is consistent with what has been observed for humans. Phylogenetic analyses of amino acid sequences from 44 proteins indicate that genes orthologous to many of the 11 known from humans exist in other species. One such gene, interleukin 8, or IL8, has been isolated from nine species, including the rodent guinea pig; however, this gene is absent in the rat and the mouse, indicating a unique gene loss event in the rat/mouse (muroid rodent) lineage. The KC (or MIP2) gene of rodents appears to be orthologous to the GRO gene found in other taxonomic orders. Combined evidence from different sources suggests that IP10 and MIG share sister taxon relationships on the evolutionary tree, while the remaining paralogous genes represent independent lineages, with limited evidence for kinship between them. This observation indicates that these genes originated nearly contemporaneously via a series of gene duplication events. Relative-rate tests for synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in the KC and IL8 genes did not detect rate heterogeneity; however, there are several notable features regarding the IL8 genes. For example, the IL8 proteins from two Old World monkeys are as similar to one another as they are to the IL8 protein from humans, and all observed nucleotide differences between the IL8 genes of the two monkeys cause amino acid changes; in other words, there are no synonymous differences between them. (+info)

Car: a cytoplasmic sensor responsible for arginine chemotaxis in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum. (4/1836)

A new metabolic signaling pathway for arginine, both a chemoeffector and a fermentative energy source, is described for Halobacterium salinarum. Systematic screening of 80+ potentially chemotactic compounds with two behavioral assays identified leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, cysteine, arginine and several peptides as strong chemoattractants. Deletion analysis of a number of potential halobacterial transducer genes led to the identification of Car, a specific cytoplasmic arginine transducer which lacks transmembrane helices and was biochemically shown to be localized in the cytoplasm. Flow assays were used to show specific adaptive responses to arginine and ornithine in wild-type but not Deltacar cells, demonstrating the role of Car in sensing arginine. The signaling pathway from external arginine to the flagellar motor of the cell involves an arginine:ornithine antiporter which was quantitatively characterized for its transport kinetics and inhibitors. By compiling the chemotactic behavior, the adaptive responses and the characteristics of the arginine:ornithine antiporter to arginine and its analogs, we now understand how the combination of arginine uptake and its metabolic conversion is required to build an effective sensing system. In both bacteria and the archaea this is the first chemoeffector molecule of a soluble methylatable transducer to be identified. (+info)

Rho-kinase in human neutrophils: a role in signalling for myosin light chain phosphorylation and cell migration. (5/1836)

The role of a Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase in migration of neutrophils has been investigated. Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase I was expressed in human neutrophils. Chemotactic peptide led to a Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase-dependent increase in phosphorylation of myosin light chain. This was determined with the help of an antibody directed against serine 19-phosphorylated myosin light chain and an inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase (Y-27632). Y-27632 suppressed myosin light chain phosphorylation and chemotactic peptide-induced development of cell polarity and locomotion with similar potency (ED50 0.5-1.1 microM). The data strongly suggest that a Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase isoform, activated in human neutrophils exposed to chemotactic peptide, is important for motile functions of these cells. (+info)

Chemotactic, mitogenic, and angiogenic actions of UTP on vascular endothelial cells. (6/1836)

Endothelial cells express receptors for ATP and UTP, and both UTP and ATP elicit endothelial release of vasoactive compounds such as prostacyclin and nitric oxide; however, the distinction between purine and pyrimidine nucleotide signaling is not known. We hypothesized that UTP plays a more important role in endothelial mitogenesis and chemotaxis than does ATP and that UTP is angiogenic. In cultured endothelial cells from guinea pig cardiac vasculature (CEC), both UTP and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significant mitogenic and chemotactic factors; in contrast, ATP demonstrated no significant chemotaxis in CEC. In chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAM), UTP and VEGF treatments produced statistically significant increases in CAM vascularity compared with controls. These findings are the first evidence of chemotactic or angiogenic effects of pyrimidines; they suggest a role for pyrimidine nucleotides that is distinct from those assumed by purine nucleotides and provide for the possibility that UTP serves as an extracellular signal for processes such as endothelial repair and angiogenesis. (+info)

Deficiency of the hematopoietic cell-specific Rho family GTPase Rac2 is characterized by abnormalities in neutrophil function and host defense. (7/1836)

In mammals, the Rho family GTPase Rac2 is restricted in expression to hematopoietic cells, where it is coexpressed with Rac1. Rac2-deficient mice were created to define the physiological requirement for two near-identical Rac proteins in hematopoietic cells. rac2-/- neutrophils displayed significant defects in chemotaxis, in shear-dependent L-selectin-mediated capture on the endothelial substrate Glycam-1, and in both F-actin generation and p38 and, unexpectedly, p42/p44 MAP kinase activation induced by chemoattractants. Superoxide production by rac2-/- bone marrow neutrophils was significantly reduced compared to wild type, but it was normal in activated peritoneal exudate neutrophils. These defects were reflected in vivo by baseline neutrophilia, reduced inflammatory peritoneal exudate formation, and increased mortality when challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus. Rac2 is an essential regulator of multiple specialized neutrophil functions. (+info)

A functional granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor is required for normal chemoattractant-induced neutrophil activation. (8/1836)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is widely used to treat neutropenia. In addition to stimulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) production, G-CSF may have significant effects on PMN function. Because G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR)-deficient mice do not have the expected neutrophilia after administration of human interleukin-8 (IL-8), we examined the effect of the loss of G-CSFR on IL-8-stimulated PMN function. Compared with wild-type PMNs, PMNs isolated from G-CSFR-deficient mice demonstrated markedly decreased chemotaxis to IL-8. PMN emigration into the skin of G-CSFR-deficient mice in response to IL-8 was also impaired. Significant chemotaxis defects were also seen in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, zymosan-activated serum, or macrophage inflammatory protein-2. The defective chemotactic response to IL-8 does not appear to be due to impaired chemoattractant receptor function, as the number of IL-8 receptors and chemoattractant-induced calcium influx, actin polymerization, and release of gelatinase B were comparable to those of wild-type PMNs. Chemoattractant-induced adhesion of G-CSFR-deficient PMNs was significantly impaired, suggesting a defect in beta2-integrin activation. Collectively, these data demonstrate that selective defects in PMN activation are present in G-CSFR-deficient mice and indicate that G-CSF plays an important role in regulating PMN chemokine responsiveness. (+info)

Ward PA, Lepow IH, Newman LJ (April 1968). "Bacterial factors chemotactic for polymorphonuclear leukocytes". The American ... "The isolation and partial characterization of neutrophil chemotactic factors from Escherichia coli". Journal of Immunology. 114 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élie_Metchnikoff

fMLF led to the first discovery of a leukocyte receptor for a chemotactic factor, defined three different types of fMLF ... Becker EL, Showell HJ (Jun 1974). "The ability of chemotactic factors to induce lysosomal enzyme release. II. The mechanism of ... O'Flaherty JT, Showell HJ, Ward PA (May 1977). "Neutropenia induced by systemic infusion of chemotactic factors". Journal of ... fMLF is the prototypical representative of the N-formylated oligopeptide family of chemotactic factors. These oligopeptides are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine

"CXCL17 is a major chemotactic factor for lung macrophages". Journal of Immunology. 193 (3): 1468-74. doi:10.4049/jimmunol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL17

Deuel TF, Senior RM, Chang D, Griffin GL, Heinrikson RL, Kaiser ET (July 1981). "Platelet factor 4 is chemotactic for ... Platelet-activating factor Platelet-derived growth factor GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000163737 - Ensembl, May 2017 ... Maurer AM, Zhou B, Han ZC (December 2006). "Roles of platelet factor 4 in hematopoiesis and angiogenesis". Growth Factors. 24 ( ... "The control of angiogenesis and tumor invasion by platelet factor-4 and platelet factor-4-derived molecules". Seminars in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet_factor_4

Larsen CP, Ismail W, Kurtin PJ, Vrana JA, Dasari S, Nasr SH (2016). "Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis (ALECT2) is a ... Hutton, H.L.; DeMarco, M.L.; Magil, A.B.; Taylor, P. (2014). "Renal leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (LECT2) amyloidosis in first ... Murphy, C. L.; Wang, S.; Kestler, D.; Larsen, C.; Benson, D.; Weiss, D. T. (2010). "Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (LECT2)- ... Benson, M. D.; James, S.; Scott, K.; Liepnieks, J. J.; Kluve-Beckerman, B. (April 2008). "Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2: A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LECT2_amyloidosis

M2 cells can also secrete angiogenic and chemotactic factors. These cells can be distinguished based on the different ... M2d are pro-angiogenic cells that secrete IL-10, TGF-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor and are induced by IL-6 and A2 ... IL-9 can function as a growth factor for ILC-2 and thereby assist in the induction of Mregs. Another cytokine that helps the ... November 2018). "Recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein drives regulatory macrophage polarization". Blood Advances. 2 (21): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_macrophages

OPN was also found to act as a macrophage chemotactic factor. In rhesus monkey, OPN prevents macrophages from leaving the ... tumour necrosis factor α [TNFα], infterleukin-1β [IL-1β]), angiotensin II, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and parathyroid ... Firstly, it has chemotactic properties, which promote cell recruitment to inflammatory sites. It also functions as an adhesion ... OPN is an important anti-apoptotic factor in many circumstances. OPN blocks the activation-induced cell death of macrophages ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteopontin

Zigmond S.H. (1977). "Ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to orient in gradients of chemotactic factors". Journal of Cell ... Boyden, S.V. (1962). "The chemotactic effect of mixtures of antibody and antigen on polymorphonuclear leucocytes". J Exp Med. ... Chambers isolated by filters are proper tools for accurate determination of chemotactic behavior. The pioneer type of these ... Chemotaxis assays are experimental tools for evaluation of chemotactic ability of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. A wide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemotaxis_assay

Little FF, Cruikshank WW, Center DM (2001). "Il-9 stimulates release of chemotactic factors from human bronchial epithelial ... 2002). "Human bronchial epithelium expresses interleukin-9 receptors and releases neutrophil chemotactic factor". Exp. Lung Res ... Knoops L, Renauld JC (2005). "IL-9 and its receptor: from signal transduction to tumorigenesis". Growth Factors. 22 (4): 207-15 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin-9_receptor

Gallin EK, Gallin JI (Oct 1977). "Interaction of chemotactic factors with human macrophages: Induction of transmembrane ... Lomax KJ, Leto TL, Nunoi H, Gallin JI, Malech HL (Jul 1989). "Recombinant 47-kD cytosol factor restores NADPH oxidase in ... "Cloning of a 67K neutrophil oxidase factor with similarity to a noncatalytic region of p60c-src". Science. 248 (4956): 727-730 ... "Two forms of autosomal chronic granulomatous disease lack distinct neutrophil cytosol factors". Science. 242 (4883): 1298-1301 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_I._Gallin

1990). "CAP37, a human neutrophil-derived chemotactic factor with monocyte specific activity". J. Clin. Invest. 85 (5): 1468-76 ... The protein encoded by this gene is an azurophil granule antimicrobial protein, with monocyte chemotactic and antibacterial ... Neutrophile elastase homologues with strong monocyte and fibroblast chemotactic activities". Eur. J. Biochem. 197 (2): 535-47. ... a microbicidal and chemotactic protein from human granulocytes". J Immunol. 147 (9): 3210-4. PMID 1919011. "Entrez Gene: AZU1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azurocidin_1

2001). "The neuronal repellent Slit inhibits leukocyte chemotaxis induced by chemotactic factors". Nature. 410 (6831): 948-52. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLIT2

Little FF, Cruikshank WW, Center DM (September 2001). "Il-9 stimulates release of chemotactic factors from human bronchial ... "Expression cloning of cDNA encoding a novel human hematopoietic growth factor: human homologue of murine T-cell growth factor ... It was first purified and characterized as a T cell and mast cell growth factor and termed as P40, based on their molecular ... Whereas the report of others confirms that TGF-β is an essential factor for IL-9 induction. For the first time (Lars Blom, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_9

2001). "The neuronal repellent Slit inhibits leukocyte chemotaxis induced by chemotactic factors". Nature. 410 (6831): 948-952 ... The response is stimulated by chemical factors released by injured cells. These chemical factors induce all associated ... Other factors might also provide chemorepulsive effects on immune cells, and these inhibitory effects might be regulated by the ... 2001). "Stromal-derived factor-1 in human tumors recruits and alters the function of plasmacytoid precursor dendritic cells". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemorepulsion

IL-8, also known as neutrophil chemotactic factor, has two primary functions. It induces chemotaxis in target cells, primarily ... Modi WS, Dean M, Seuanez HN, Mukaida N, Matsushima K, O'Brien SJ (1990). "Monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF ... "Nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent induction of interleukin-8 gene expression by tumor necrosis factor alpha: evidence for an ... IL-8 has also been implied to have a role in colorectal cancer by acting as an autocrine growth factor for colon carcinoma cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_8

"Urotensin II is a new chemotactic factor for UT receptor-expressing monocytes". Journal of Immunology. 179 (2): 901-9. doi: ... injection of urotensin II it causes an increase of corticotropin releasing factor through the activation of the hypothalamic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urotensin-II_receptor

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) is a protein first described in 1996 as a chemotactic factor for neutrophils, i.e. ... Larsen CP, Ismail W, Kurtin PJ, Vrana JA, Dasari S, Nasr SH (2016). "Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis (ALECT2) is a ... Larsen CP, Beggs ML, Wilson JD, Lathrop SL (2016). "Prevalence and organ distribution of leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 ... 1997). "Purification and primary amino acid sequence of a novel neutrophil chemotactic factor LECT2". Immunol. Lett. 52 (1): 9- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LECT2

C3a, C5a, IL-8 are all chemotactic factors of the activated complement system. Part of their role is to recruit ... Other factors that will influence the survival rate are the severity of proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen levels, serum creatine ... Males are at a higher risk factor than females. Overall, about 50% of patients with DPGN require daily dialysis within 6-12 ... They then looked at the complement factors and immunoglobulin deposits to identify the underlying cause. The aims of this study ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffuse_proliferative_nephritis

Warheit D. B.; Hill L. H.; George G.; Brody A. R. (1986). "Time Course of chemotactic factor generation and the macrophage ... The cytokines, transforming growth factor beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, appear to play major roles in the development ... local immune system and provoke an inflammatory reaction dominated by lung macrophages that respond to chemotactic factors ... "Transforming Growth Factor-β1 overexpression in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α receptor knockout mice induces fibroproliferative lung ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestosis

The intermediate is then further metabolized to: a) leukotriene A4 which is then metabolized to the chemotactic factor for ... the leukocyte chemotactic factors, 5-Hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid; or c) the specialized pro- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachidonic_acid_5-hydroperoxide

Thus, chemotactic factor CCL7 recruits leukocytes to infected tissues to mediate the immune response. Furthermore, CCL7 has an ... Van Coillie E, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G (March 1999). "The MCP/eotaxin subfamily of CC chemokines". Cytokine & Growth Factor ... Opdenakker G, Froyen G, Fiten P, Proost P, Van Damme J (March 1993). "Human monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3): molecular ... Opdenakker G, Froyen G, Fiten P, Proost P, Van Damme J (March 1993). "Human monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3): molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL7

Monocytes: inhibit their migration response to chemotactic factors and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. Lymphocytes: ... complement components C5a and C3a which are chemotactic factors formed during the activation of the host's blood complement ... foreign organism-derived N-formylated oligopeptide chemotactic factors (e.g. N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine); b) ... Barnig C, Levy BD (2015). "Innate immunity is a key factor for the resolution of inflammation in asthma". European Respiratory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialized_pro-resolving_mediators

... with homology to the chemotactic factor receptors". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 74 (4): 286-90. doi:10.1159/000134436. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMKLR1

... may refer to: Eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, released from mast cell granules. Economic Cooperation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECFA

"Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for human monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF)". Biochemical and Biophysical ... Platelet derived growth factor is a major inducer of CCL2 gene. CCR2 and CCR4 are two cell surface receptors that bind CCL2. ... In the bone, CCL2 is expressed by mature osteoclasts and osteoblasts and it is under control of nuclear factor κB (NFκB). In ... CCL2 exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils. However, it does not attract neutrophils or eosinophils. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL2

The growth of these axons is also governed by chemotactic factors secreted from Schwann cells. Injury to the peripheral nervous ... All these factors contribute to the formation of what is known as a glial scar, which axons cannot grow across. The proximal ... Growth factors are not expressed or re-expressed; for instance, the extracellular matrix is lacking laminins. Glial scars ... Fansa H, Schneider W, Wolf G, Keilhoff G (July 2002). "Influence of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on nerve autografts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroregeneration

"Profiling the Sulfation Specificities of Glycosaminoglycan Interactions with Growth Factors and Chemotactic Proteins Using ... functions as a molecular recognition element for growth factors and modulates neuronal growth, indicating that these specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda_Hsieh-Wilson

Part of this cell response is brought on by inflammatory mediators such as chemotactic factors. Other processes involved with ... and host factors. Host factors include a genetic susceptibility, factors associated with poverty, aging and physical inactivity ... In Europe airway hyperresponsiveness is rated as the second most important risk factor after smoking. A host factor of an ... The primary risk factor for COPD globally is tobacco smoking with an increased rate of developing COPD shown in smokers and ex- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is among the chemotactic factors that stimulate Numb-mediated chemotaxis during cell ... BDNF can function as a chemotactic factor for neural precursors during migration by activating TrkB receptors. Numb binds to ... Since then, a mechanism has been discovered through which Numb binds chemotactic signaling receptors, forming a scaffold for ... Endocytosis supports the relocalization of the chemotactic receptor to the front of the cell to promote receptor-mediated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUMB_(gene)

After the release of vasoactive and chemotactic factors, angiogenesis and the proliferation of tenocytes are initiated. ... basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). These growth factors all have different ... insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), ... Tendinopathies may be caused by several intrinsic factors including age, body weight, and nutrition. The extrinsic factors are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendon

Growth Factor Reviews. 14 (2): 155-74. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(03)00002-9. PMID 12651226. Rickel EA, Siegel LA, Yoon BR, Rottman ... which is the major chemotactic substance of neutrophils. Another important function of interleukin 25 is to support the Th2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_25

C. acnes can also produce immune factors such as proinflammatory cytokine inducing-factors and chemotactic factors, and can ... Vowels, B R; Yang, S; Leyden, J J (August 1995). "Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a soluble factor of ... however it was later found that bacteria are directly involved in comedome rupturing by producing factors such as proteases, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propionibacterium

Insall, Robert (2003). "Impact factors: target the funding bodies". Nature. 423 (6940): 585. doi:10.1038/423585b. ISSN 1476- ... "Melanoma cells break down LPA to establish local gradients that drive chemotactic dispersal". PLOS Biology. 12 (10): e1001966. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Insall

Cohen I, Czirok A, Ben-Jacob E: Chemotactic-based adaptive self-organization during colonial development. Physica A 1996, 233: ... two-component and transcription-factor genes), to make decisions and to synthesize offensive (toxic) and defensive ( ... Paenibacillus vortex possesses advanced social motility employing cell-cell attractive and repulsive chemotactic signalling and ... is marked by its ability to generate special aggregates of dense bacteria that are pushed forward by repulsive chemotactic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paenibacillus_vortex

They also upregulate CCR7, a chemotactic receptor that induces the dendritic cell to travel through the blood stream to the ... Treatment of these monocytes with interleukin 4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) leads to ... Subsequent treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) further differentiates the iDCs into mature dendritic cells. Monocytes ... CXCR3 Ligands Control Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Responsiveness to the Constitutive Chemokine Stromal Cell-derived Factor 1 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell

"Gβγ Signaling to the Chemotactic Effector P-REX1 and Mammalian Cell Migration Is Directly Regulated by Gαqand Gα13 Proteins". J ... the activated receptor acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor to promote GDP release from and guanosine triphosphate (GTP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gq_alpha_subunit

... where they induce IFN production with the presence of a particular transcription factor and activate transcription factor 2. ... or chemotactic cytokines into the environment. Histamine dilates blood vessels, causing the characteristic signs of ... Inflammation is stimulated by chemical factors released by injured cells. It establishes a physical barrier against the spread ... Chemical factors produced during inflammation (histamine, bradykinin, serotonin, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) sensitize ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system

Their expression depends on environmental factors. In contrast, calmodulin is a ubiquitous and universal intracellular Ca2+ ... "Chemotactic activity of S100A7 (Psoriasin) is mediated by the receptor for advanced glycation end products and potentiates ... "Chemotactic activity of S100A7 (Psoriasin) is mediated by the receptor for advanced glycation end products and potentiates ... transcription factors, Ca2+ homeostasis, the dynamics of cytoskeleton constituents, enzyme activities, cell growth and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100_protein

... epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R). These receptors play an important ... "The human antimicrobial and chemotactic peptides LL-37 and alpha-defensins are expressed by specific lymphocyte and monocyte ... An imbalance between LL-37 and Ab may be a factor affecting AD-associated fibrils and plaques. Chronic, oral P. gingivalis and ... January 2008). "The host defence peptide LL-37/hCAP-18 is a growth factor for lung cancer cells". Lung Cancer. 59 (1): 12-23. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathelicidin

Sperm capacitation in humans is transient and correlates with chemotactic responsiveness to follicular factors. Proc. Natl. ... Oliveira, R.G., Tomasi, L., Rovasio, R.A. and Giojalas, L.C. (1999) Increased velocity and induction of chemotactic response in ... Navarro, M.C., Valencia, J., Vazquez, C., Cozar, E. and Villanueva, C. (1998) Crude mare follicular fluid exerts chemotactic ... Species specificity was not detected in experiments that compared the chemotactic responsiveness of human and rabbit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_chemotaxis

"Placenta growth factor-1 is chemotactic, mitogenic, and angiogenic". Laboratory Investigation; A Journal of Technical Methods ... Placental growth factor (PlGF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PGF gene. Placental growth factor (PGF) is a ... The placental growth factor (PGF) gene is a protein-coding gene and a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ... "Entrez Gene: PGF placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-related protein". Maglione D, Guerriero V, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placental_growth_factor

M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, ... The colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), is a secreted cytokine ... It is one of the three experimentally described colony-stimulating factors. M-CSF binds to the colony stimulating factor 1 ... Macrophage+Colony-Stimulating+Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Overview of all the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrophage_colony-stimulating_factor

It elicits its chemotactic effects by binding to the chemokine receptor CCR10. The gene for CCL27 is located on human ... Vestergaard C, Johansen C, Otkjaer K, Deleuran M, Iversen L (January 2005). "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced CTACK/CCL27 ( ... The protein encoded by this gene is chemotactic for skin-associated memory T lymphocytes. CCL27 is associated with homing of ... February 2005). "Induction of cytokine (interleukin-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and chemokine (CCL20, CCL27, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-c_motif_chemokine_ligand_27

Sperm capacitation in humans is transient and correlates with chemotactic responsiveness to follicular factors''. Proc. Natl. ... Discovering that fumarate is a switching factor in E. coli, identifying its target as the enzyme fumarate reductase, ... Sequential acquisition of chemotactic responsiveness by human spermatozoa''. Biol. Reprod. 50, 786-790. Cohen-Dayag, A., Tur- ... "Sperm attraction to follicular factor(s) correlates with human egg fertilizability". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 2840- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Eisenbach

There is usually a granulocyte chemotactic defect in individuals suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus. Research suggests ... platelet-activating factor, and other substances. When an infection occurs, mature basophils will be released from the bone ... vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), TNF, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and varieties of chemokines and cytokines some of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte

Repaske DR, Adler J (1981). "Change in intracellular pH of Escherichia coli mediates the chemotactic response to certain ... lactis requires much lower doses than systemic treatments like antibodies to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or recombination IL-10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactococcus_lactis

If a coagulation factor is part of the contact activation or tissue factor pathway, a deficiency of that factor will affect ... system can contribute to the innate immune system by their ability to increase vascular permeability and act as chemotactic ... Tissue factor, FV and FVIII are glycoproteins, and Factor XIII is a transglutaminase. The coagulation factors circulate as ... Assignment of numerals ceased in 1963 after the naming of Factor XIII. The names Fletcher Factor and Fitzgerald Factor were ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation

Ectodomain shedding results in the soluble mature form of HB-EGF, which influences the mitogenicity and chemotactic factors for ... 1992). "Tumor necrosis factor increases transcription of the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor gene in ... 1994). "Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor is an autocrine growth factor for human keratinocytes". J. ... HB-EGF-like growth factor is synthesized as a membrane-anchored mitogenic and chemotactic glycoprotein. An epidermal growth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heparin-binding_EGF-like_growth_factor

These chemotactic systems allow cells to regulate twitching so as to move towards chemoattractants such as phospholipids and ... This positive feedback is an important initiating factor for the establishment of microcolonies, the precursors to fully ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitching_motility

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) induces the formation of an organizer at the end of the limb bud, called the apical ectodermal ... Much of the gene expression during embryonic development is regulated via spatiotemporal and chemotactic signaling, as depicted ... There are other factors thought to control the DV patterning; Engrailed-1 represses the dorsalizing effect of Wnt-7a on the ... These factors make it difficult to understand the mechanism of snake limb loss using a genetic approach, targeting and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb_development

Bao L, Shi VY, Chan LS (February 2013). "IL-4 up-regulates epidermal chemotactic, angiogenic, and pro-inflammatory genes and ... The cause of AD is not known, although some evidence indicates genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. Low humidity, ... A loss-of-function mutation of filaggrin causes loss of this lipid matrix and external moisturizing factors, subsequently ... Filaggrin stimulates skin cells to release moisturizing factors and lipid matrix material, which cause adhesion of adjacent ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atopic_dermatitis

The cell has chemotactic and negative phototactic capabilities in this phase, meaning that it is able to move towards nutrients ... Other factors are low light levels under the forest canopy which reduces phototaxis, light winds, poor soils, natural enemies ... Important factors for the germination of spores are mainly moisture and temperature. The spores usually remain germinable after ... based on elongation factor 1-A and small subunit rRNA gene sequences". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 52 (3): 201-210 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxogastria

... and their chemotactic responses in tissues. These events regulate immune responses by controlling the access of leukocytes to ... "RabGEF1 regulates stem cell factor/c-Kit-mediated signaling events and biological responses in mast cells." Proc Natl Acad Sci ... and they are exploring the mechanisms that permit this surprising behavior through computer simulations of chemotactic behavior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_C._Butcher

The underlying idea that target cells secrete attractive or inducing factors and that their growth cones have a chemotactic ... An atrophic factor is a force that causes a cell to die. Only natural forces on the cell are considered to be atrophic factors ... Experiments that further supported this theory led to the identification of the first neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor ... It has also been shown that in mice null for the proapoptotic factor Bax (Bcl-2-associated X protein) a larger percentage of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed_cell_death

Several growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are trapped ... by MMP-12 creating soluble uPAR which has chemotactic properties for leukocytes and progenitor cells, and the shedding of ... Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), an angiogenesis promoting growth factor, is activated by HGF activation factor, a serine ... Another important factor in angiogenesis, stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), is also modified by the aminodipeptidase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteases_in_angiogenesis

World Health Organization; Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa; Fiasorgbor, George K.; Bougséré, Boukari; Sedou, Naniogué (‎Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa, 1990)‎ ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/browse?authority=Chemotactic+Factors&type=mesh

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Chemotactic+Factors&type=mesh

Selecting of format.. Clicking one of the Downlod boxes will download a file in the corresponding format with the selected data columns for the genes shown in the search result.. The copy boxes will give you a link to the file if you want to share it or save for later as a reference.. ...

http://www.proteinatlas.org/search/protein_class:Chemokines+and+chemotactic+factors+receptors

... it is necessary to clarify the chemotactic factors of fibrocytes active in tumor tissues. While several chemotactic factors, ... Chemotactic factor. Low (0-2+). High (3+). Low (0-2+). High (3+). Low (0-2+). High (3+). ... The chemotactic ability of fibrocytes in response to each factor was evaluated using a migration assay by counting the migrated ... Analysis of the chemotactic factors for tumor‑infiltrating fibrocytes and their prognostic significances in lung cancer. * ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2022.13537

"Chemotactic Factors" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Chemotactic Factors" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Chemotactic Factors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Chemotactic Factors" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Chemotactic Factors". ...

https://uams-triprofiles.uams.edu/profiles/display/99403

The response of human endothelial cell migration to various extracellular matrix components and growth factors has been ... Human endothelial cells are chemotactic to endothelial cell growth factor and heparin. V P Terranova, V P Terranova ... Heparin (10(-8) to 10(-10) M) was also chemotactic and was shown to potentiate the chemotactic activity of ECGF. Although ... Human endothelial cells are chemotactic to endothelial cell growth factor and heparin.. J Cell Biol 1 December 1985; 101 (6): ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/101/6/2330/21643/Human-endothelial-cells-are-chemotactic-to

"Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil" was a major ... "Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil". ...

https://profiles.jefferson.edu/display/8291

Modulation of chemotactic factor receptors on neutrophils (Ns) by intravenous (IV) endotoxin (ET). / Rosenbaum, J. T.; Enkel, H ... Modulation of chemotactic factor receptors on neutrophils (Ns) by intravenous (IV) endotoxin (ET). In: Federation Proceedings. ... Modulation of chemotactic factor receptors on neutrophils (Ns) by intravenous (IV) endotoxin (ET). Federation Proceedings. 1985 ... Rosenbaum, J. T., Enkel, H., Chenoweth, D. E., & Goldman, D. W. (1985). Modulation of chemotactic factor receptors on ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/modulation-of-chemotactic-factor-receptors-on-neutrophils-ns-by-i-3

Order Mouse ECF CCL11 Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor ELISA Kit 01016240794 at Gentaur ECF/CCL11 (Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor) ... Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of ... Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from ... Mouse ECF/CCL11 (Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor) ELISA Kit. Mouse ECF/CCL11 (Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor) ELISA Kit. ...

http://eotaxin-2.com/catalog-of-products/4104-mybiosource/5322-mouse-ecf-ccl11-eosinophil-chemotactic-factor-elisa-kit

Labour promotes systemic mobilisation of monocytes, T cell activation and local secretion of chemotactic factors in the ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/mdl-36969250

... which is a chemotactic factor for lymphocytes and neutrophils. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1884768/?dopt=Abstract

... macrophage inhibitory factor; PAF = platelet-activating factor; SDC-1 = syndecan-1; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; VAP-1 = ... Neutrophil chemotactic factor, activation and degranulation of neutrophils. * IL-10. Inhibits cytokine production, induces ... Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults. A multicenter prospective study in intensive ... Consider administering factor concentrates (eg, prothrombin complex concentrate) if FFP cannot be transfused; note that these ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/168402-27424/how-is-central-venous-pressure-measured-in-sepsisseptic-shock-and-how-is-a-crystalloid-fluid-challenge-used-in-treatment

Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor in Schistosome Eggs: A Comparative Study of Eosinophil Chemotactic Factors in the Eggs of ... Leukocyte Accumulation in Sparganosis: Demonstration of Eosinophil and Neutrophil Chemotactic Factors from the Plerocercoid of ... Detection of High Molecular Weight Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor in Murine Schistosomiasis Sera ... In Vitro and In Vivo Induction of Neutrophil and Eosinophil Chemotactic Responses by Schistosoma japonicum Cercaria ...

https://www.ajtmh.org/search?f_0=author&q_0=AKIRA+ISHII

... which activates factor XII. Subsequently, factor XI and, eventually, factor X are activated by a complex of factor IX, factor ... TF interacts with factor VIIa to form factor VIIa-TF complex, which activates factors X and IX. Activation of coagulation in ... macrophage inhibitory factor; PAF = platelet-activating factor; SDC-1 = syndecan-1; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; VAP-1 = ... macrophage inhibitory factor; PAF = platelet-activating factor; SDC-1 = syndecan-1; TNF = tumor necrosis factor; VAP-1 = ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/168402-overview%E2%80%8B

... chemotactic factors and growth factors; deposition and retention modeling of inhaled non-fibrous and fibrous particulate ... The aspect ratio of the fibers is an important factor for their deposition, and several figures from Dr. Yus work are attached ... studies, example attached). An important factor in many studies is the existence of a non-fibrous fraction in fiber samples ... Overall, then, there are a number of possible factors which may interfere with particle clearance, but none have been ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/asbestospanel/appendix_b.html

D23 - Biological Factors. Chemotactic Factors, Macrophage Chemotactic Factors. D27 - Chemical Actions and Uses. Biological ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/del_i2008.htm

Categories: Chemotactic Factors Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Chemotactic+Factors&parentid=4361&catid=5966

IL-8 is a chemotactic factor that attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells, but not monocytes. It is also involved in ... Monocyte derived neutrophil chemotactic factor. *Monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor. *Monocyte-derived neutrophil- ...

https://www.abcam.com/recombinant-human-il-8-protein-active-ab259397.html

Dahl, M.V.; Lindroos, W.E.; Nelson, R.D. Chemokinetic and chemotactic factors in psoriasis scale extracts. J. Investig. Derm. ... highly chemotactic activated complement components C3a and C5a were found to be elevated in psoriatic plaque relative to non- ... The chemotactic activated complement components have been shown to be responsible for neutrophil migration into the stratum ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/720

Monocyte Chemotactic Activating Factor-2. *Monocyte Chemotactic Activating Factor 2. *CCL8 Chemokine ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Chemokine%20CCL8

... such as monocyte chemotactic factor (MCP-1) and IL-10. A study by Liu et al. found that AM reduces the production of pro- ... Menke, J. et al. Colony-stimulating factor-1: a potential biomarker for lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol, 26 (2), 379-389 ... However, the factors involved and their specific mechanisms remain unclear.. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis ( ... Studies have demonstrated that quercetin can play a therapeutic role in LN by inhibiting the activation of the nuclear factor- ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-936493/v1

keywords = "Caseins/pharmacology, Cells, Cultured, Chemotactic Factors/pharmacology, Complement C3b/immunology, Dose-Response ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/enhanced-expression-of-human-monocyte-complement-c3b-receptors-by

... includes a number of secreted growth factors and interferons involved in mitogenic, chemotactic, and inflammatory activity; ... HIV-1 Tat can downregulate CXCR3-mediated functions by inhibiting the chemotactic activity of IP-10/CXCL10, an effect mediated ... and Akt signaling pathways and their downstream transcription factors, NF-kappaB and STAT-1alpha. PubMed ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3627

Although MCP-1 was discovered originally as a chemotactic and activating factor for monocytes, the chemotactic activity of MCP- ... monocyte chemotactic and activating factor; MACS, magnetic cell sorting; CSF,colony-stimulating factor; VEGF, vascular ... Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA for human monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. ... Protection against lethal bacterial infection in mice by monocyte-chemotactic and -activating factor. Infect. Immun. ...

https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/60/24/7002/507008/Natural-Killer-Cell-dependent-Suppression-of?searchresult=1

... suggesting that these chemotactic factors may desensitize neutrophils to G-CSF via rapid induction of SOCS1 expression. ... suggesting that these chemotactic factors may desensitize neutrophils to G-CSF via rapid induction of SOCS1 expression.", ... suggesting that these chemotactic factors may desensitize neutrophils to G-CSF via rapid induction of SOCS1 expression. ... suggesting that these chemotactic factors may desensitize neutrophils to G-CSF via rapid induction of SOCS1 expression. ...

https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/the-chemoattractants-il-8-and-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalani

All microbial agents stimulated AM to release chemotactic factors, and glucan-1 was most potent. Thymocyte proliferation factor ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=respiratory&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=640&RecNo=6394&View=f&

TAMs are recruited to the tumor site by tumor-derived chemotactic factors [27]. Tumor-derived chemotactic factors can influence ... Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio as a Useful Prognostic Factor in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma. Ying Tian. ,1 ... Tables 2 and 3 showed the results of the univariate and multivariate analysis of the factors influencing the OS and PFS, ... AMC is a poor prognostic factor in diffusing large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [28], FL [29], extranodal natural killer/T-cell ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/9434637/

The BCR/ABL oncogene alters the chemotactic response to stromal-derived factor-1alpha.. Blood. 94. 4233. 4246. .. ... Flt3 ligand synergizes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to ... Molecular cloning and structure of a pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor. . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.. 91. 2305. 9. .. ... Stem cell factor (SCF) and Flt3 ligand (FL) are the respective ligands for the receptor tyrosine kinases c-kit and Flt3 that ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/25120

CINC, a member of the IL-8 family but a counterpart of human MGSA/gro-related proteins, is a specific neutrophil chemoattractant and can be distinguished from IL-8, which is a chemotactic factor for lymphocytes and neutrophils. (nih.gov)
This study provides evidence for cross-talk between chemoattractant and cytokine signal transduction pathways involving SOCS proteins, suggesting that these chemotactic factors may desensitize neutrophils to G-CSF via rapid induction of SOCS1 expression. (qub.ac.uk)
Supernatants from CSE-activated EOS were found to be significantly chemotactic for neutrophils. (ispub.com)
It induces eosinophil synthesis and release of IL-8, an important chemotactic and activating factor for neutrophils and lymphocytes [ 22 , 23 ] which induces adhesion molecule expression also triggers the oxidative burst response, contributing to tissue damage [ 24 ]. (ispub.com)
IL-8, which is a known chemotactic factor for neutrophils is also increased in nasal polyp tissue. (worldallergy.org)
1 Furthermore, macrophages may play an important role in driving the inflammatory process by recruiting neutrophils via the release of neutrophil chemotactic factors. (bmj.com)
Leucocytes, including monocytes and neutrophils, migrate in response to a number of chemotactic stimuli which include chemokines. (bmj.com)
Attempts to examine the chemotactic responses of CALLA/CD10 positive and negative neutrophils from burn patients were hampered by previous exposure of these cells to chemoattractants in vivo. (umn.edu)

CSE effects on ultrastructural morphology and production of neutrophil chemotactic factors in CSE-activated EOS were also evaluated. (ispub.com)

The chemotactic ability of fibrocytes in response to each factor was evaluated using a migration assay by counting the migrated cells microscopically, and expression of receptors for chemotactic factors were analyzed by flow cytometry. (spandidos-publications.com)
Development of specific receptors for N-formylated chemotactic peptides in a human monocyte cell line stimulated with lymphokines. (duke.edu)
The availability of a continuous human monocytic cell line that can be induced to express receptors for N-formylated peptides will provide a useful tool not only for the characterization of such receptors but also for the delineation of regulatory mechanisms involved in cellular differentiation and the chemotactic response. (duke.edu)
G protein-coupled receptors stimulate Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors that promote mammalian cell migration. (jbc.org)

Their recruitment, growth and survival are supported by cytokines and chemokines such as granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukins (IL)- 3 and -5 [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. (ispub.com)
We have also observed that two members of the IRF transcription factors family (namely IRF1 and IRF8) play an important role in macrophage defenses against Legionella , acting either downstream or in parallel of Naip5/Birc1e signaling. (mcgill.ca)

5 It is an activating factor of both monocytes and T lymphocytes and can act as a chemoattractant. (bmj.com)
CXCL12/SDF-1 isoforms are chemotactic for T lymphocytes and monocytes. (rndsystems.com)

A human monocyte-like cell line, U937, when grown in continuous culture, does not secrete lysosomal enzymes or migrate towards chemotactic factors. (duke.edu)

Surgically resected tumor tissues were examined for the expression of chemotactic factors, including C‑X‑C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), CCL2, platelet‑derived growth factor (PDGF)‑AA and PDGF‑BB, as well as tumor‑infiltrating fibrocytes by immunostaining. (spandidos-publications.com)
The chemokine SDF1 (stromal derived factor-1) and its receptor CXCR4 regulate trafficking of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) as well as metastasis of solid tumor cells. (intechopen.com)
CXCL12/Stromal Cell-derived Factor 1 (SDF-1) is a member of the CXC chemokine ligand superfamily. (rndsystems.com)

Transgenic mice expressing rabbit C-reactive protein exhibit diminished chemotactic factor-induced alveolitis. (doximity.com)
The T cell chemotactic protein MDC was present in high levels in SWCNT and AS groups, but not detectable in control or CB treated groups. (cdc.gov)

The development, by stimulated cells, of chemotactic and secretory responses to one class of chemoattractants, the N- formylated peptides, is accompanied by the appearance on the cells of specific binding sites for these substances. (duke.edu)
As RBC supernatants failed to mobilize intracellular free calcium, the chemoattractants should belong to the group of pure chemoattractants, that is, soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), known to act without increasing calcium levels. (elsevier.com)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)
Neutralization of IL-5, the main eosinophil growth factor, has been shown to block airway hyper-reactivity [ 10 ]. (ispub.com)

In an early study of chemotactic responses of chick sensory neurons to a gradient of nerve growth factor in a diffusion chamber, only 60% of nerve tips were preferentially directed toward the gradient direction after 46 hr of growth ( Letourneau, 1978 ). (elifesciences.org)
Microbes and their derivatives by producing antigens and other inflammatory factors may trigger infection and inflammatory responses. (shengsci.com)

In addition to our previous study, which demonstrated that fibrocytes accumulated in the tumor microenvironment via the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis ( 15 ), several chemotactic factors, such as CCL2, CCL5, CCL11, and CCL24, and PDGFs, have also been shown to induce the migration of fibrocytes in pulmonary fibrosis and/or asthma ( 16 - 18 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In the present study, to determine the key therapeutic target regulating the migration of fibrocytes into the tumor microenvironment, we examined the expression of representative chemotactic factors and the number of tumor-infiltrating fibrocytes in surgically resected tumor tissues from lung cancer patients. (spandidos-publications.com)
LN stromal cells secrete CCR7 ligands generating powerful chemotactic gradients that attract CLL cells into the microenvironment, where a diversity of cells, soluble factors, and matrix proteins facilitate survival and proliferative cues, thus promoting disease progression and preventing spontaneous or drug-induced apoptosis of leukemic cells. (frontiersin.org)

We and others previously demonstrated that fibrocytes have the ability to produce several growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ( 12 - 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Production of platelet-derived growth factor by interleukin-1 beta and transforming growth factor-beta-stimulated retinal pigment epithelial cells leads to contraction of collagen gels. (medscape.com)

Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of proteins involved in cell differentiation. (eotaxin-2.com)

Human endothelial cells are chemotactic to endothelial cell growth factor and heparin. (rupress.org)
Human endothelial cells demonstrate increased chemotaxis and chemokinesis when placed in a modified Boyden chamber with endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) used at a concentration of 10(-9) M. Anti-ECGF antibody inhibits the chemotactic response. (rupress.org)
This elegant approach utilizes a natural/synthetic biomaterial with optimized physiomechanical properties to serve as a vehicle for delivery of exogenous stem cells and bioactive factors or induce local recruitment of endogenous cells for in situ tissue regeneration. (nature.com)
7 The ethical concern in the case of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is another factor limiting the application of certain types of stem cells. (nature.com)
Such cells are chemoattracted by factors present in the oral environment such as microorganisms, toxins, chemokines and cellular degradation products. (springer.com)
Infiltration of inflammatory cells, which release many cytokines and growth factors, contributes to the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling ( 6 - 8 ). (atsjournals.org)
Mast cells also release chemotactic factors that contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, whose proliferation and differentiation from bone marrow progenitors is promoted by IL-5. (kegg.jp)
Transforming growth factor-beta1 induces alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and fibronectin synthesis in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells. (medscape.com)

SOCS gene expression has been shown to be induced by many cytokines, growth factors, and innate immune stimuli, such as LPS. (qub.ac.uk)
and 4) the identification of cytokines and factors responsible for aneurysm formation and rupture using human cerebral aneurysm tissue. (ufl.edu)

We postulate that Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), which integrate signaling cues driving cell migration, are critical effectors in metastatic cancer. (jbc.org)

The immune system is an important factor in tumor pathogenesis. (hindawi.com)

Objective: We investigated the effect of a potent TGF beta (transforming growth factor beta) inhibitor peptide (P144) from the betaglycan/TGF beta receptor III on aortic aneurysm development in a Marfan syndrome mouse model. (unav.edu)
Association of chemotactic factor receptor 5 gene with breast cancer. (cdc.gov)

The Revised-International Staging System (R-ISS) was developed as a newly revised tool in which cytogenetics and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are used as the prognostic factors that are independent of the ISS staging system [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Results and prognostic factors in vitrectomy for diabetic traction retinal detachment of the macula. (medscape.com)

A novel risk classification was developed according to the risk factors CCL2 ≥ 320 pg/mL and PSA ≥ 100 ng/mL, and scores of 2, 1, and 0 were defined as poor, intermediate, and good risk, respectively, and clearly distinguished patient outcomes. (oncotarget.com)

Chemotactic Factors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)

Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from promotor binding stimulating subunits on the DNA binding complex. (eotaxin-2.com)
Thymocyte proliferation factor was stimulated by in-vitro exposure to endotoxins, but glucan-1 and glucan-2 were ineffective. (cdc.gov)

The present study therefore examined chemotactic factors for fibrocytes in tissues of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their prognostic significance. (spandidos-publications.com)
Altogether, this paper develops a general picture of current innovative strategies to employ dental-derived MSCs combined with biomaterials and bioactive factors for regenerating the lost or defective tissues and offers information regarding the available scientific data and possible applications. (nature.com)
Eosinophils (EOS) are terminally differentiated granular leukocytes that are produced in the bone marrow and migrate to inflamed tissues in response to chemotactic signals. (ispub.com)

The response of human endothelial cell migration to various extracellular matrix components and growth factors has been assessed. (rupress.org)
Consistently, the neutrophil chemotactic response to formyl peptide was Inhibited by the plasma obtained from 5 transfusion patients. (elsevier.com)

transforming growth factors (TGF)-α and β and eotaxin [ 19 , 20 ]. (ispub.com)

All microbial agents stimulated AM to release chemotactic factors, and glucan-1 was most potent. (cdc.gov)

The factors controlling vascular permeability in health and disease are poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)

Labour promotes systemic mobilisation of monocytes, T cell activation and local secretion of chemotactic factors in the intervillous space of the placenta. (bvsalud.org)

Reduced expression of CALLA/CD10 was not associated with neutrophil activation or exposure to plasma 'factor(s)' in vivo. (umn.edu)
Therefore, when C3 is cleaved upon complement activation, the C3a fragment does not bind to the synapse, rather it is a chemotactic factor that helps recruit microglia to eat the synapse. (alzforum.org)

3 The success of a tissue engineering approach depends on the appropriate selection of scaffolding material, stem cell type, and bioactive factors. (nature.com)

Shi has reported that LMR is associated with the survival of MM patients and is an independent prognostic factor for OS [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Of these, mutations affecting the genes NOTCH1 , p53 , ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) , and splicing factor 3b subunit 1 ( SF3B1) seem to be more common, with a long tail of less common but nonetheless recurrent driver mutations ( 16 - 19 ). (frontiersin.org)

We recently reported that type I PKA regulatory subunits (RIα) interact with phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 1 (P-REX1), a chemotactic Rac guanine exchange factor (RacGEF). (jbc.org)

Asthma likely develops because of both a genetic predisposition preventive strategies designed to reduce the morbidity and mor- and exposure to environmental factors. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy21

Organisms5

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs83

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Non-serum-dependent chemotactic factors produced by Candida albicans stimulate chemotaxis by binding to the formyl peptide receptor on neutrophils and to an unknown receptor on macrophages. (1/1836)

Acetyl-CoA:1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine acetyltransferase is directly activated by p38 kinase. (2/1836)

Isolation of novel GRO genes and a phylogenetic analysis of the CXC chemokine subfamily in mammals. (3/1836)

Car: a cytoplasmic sensor responsible for arginine chemotaxis in the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum. (4/1836)

Rho-kinase in human neutrophils: a role in signalling for myosin light chain phosphorylation and cell migration. (5/1836)

Chemotactic, mitogenic, and angiogenic actions of UTP on vascular endothelial cells. (6/1836)

Deficiency of the hematopoietic cell-specific Rho family GTPase Rac2 is characterized by abnormalities in neutrophil function and host defense. (7/1836)

A functional granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor is required for normal chemoattractant-induced neutrophil activation. (8/1836)

Chemotactic Factors

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte

Complement C5

Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil

Neutrophils

Chemotaxis

N-Formylmethionine

N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine

Complement C5a

Interleukin-8

Carcinoma 256, Walker

Chemokines, C

Eosinophils

Leukotriene B4

Anaphylatoxins

Cytochalasin B

Monocytes

Zymosan

Leukocytes

Complement System Proteins

Isethionic Acid

Rabbits

Oligopeptides

Cell Movement

Cells, Cultured

Exudates and Transudates

Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins

Guinea Pigs

Macrophages

Esterases

Chemokine CCL2

Receptors, Complement

Cell Biology

Blood Protein Electrophoresis

Pheniramine

Receptors, Formyl Peptide

Chemokines, CXC

Ascitic Fluid

Anaphylaxis

Interleukin-1

Hexosephosphates

Colchicine

Time Factors

gamma-Globulins

Arthus Reaction

Chemokines

Togaviridae Infections

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine

Granulocytes

Chromatography, Gel

Lymphokines

Cell Adhesion

Chemokine CXCL1

Cell Aggregation

Arachidonic Acids

Platelet Activating Factor

Endotoxins

Micropore Filters

Depression, Chemical

Neutrophil Activation

Molecular Weight

Hypersensitivity, Delayed

Eosinophilia

Inflammation

Cell Migration Inhibition

Interleukin-16

Leukocyte Count

Glucuronidase

Skin

Culture Media, Conditioned

Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Receptors, Fc

Isoflurophate

Superoxides

Microscopy, Interference

Immune Sera

Receptors, Complement 3b

Calcimycin

Muramidase

Chromatography