Chemokine CXCL12
Chemokine CXCL13
Chemokine CXCL10
Chemokine CXCL6
Chemokine CXCL11
Chemokine CXCL1
Chemokines, CXC
Receptors, Chemokine
Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.
Chemokine CXCL5
Receptors, CXCR4
Receptors, CXCR3
Chemokines
Chemokine CCL5
A CC-type chemokine that is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS; MONOCYTES; and LYMPHOCYTES. It is a potent and selective eosinophil chemotaxin that is stored in and released from PLATELETS and activated T-LYMPHOCYTES. Chemokine CCL5 is specific for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR3 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS. The acronym RANTES refers to Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted.
Receptors, CXCR5
Receptors, Interleukin-8B
Chemokine CCL2
Chemokine CXCL2
Chemokine CCL21
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
Chemokine CCL4
Cell Movement
Chemokine CCL22
Chemokine CCL3
Chemokine CCL17
Receptors, Scavenger
A large group of structurally diverse cell surface receptors that mediate endocytic uptake of modified LIPOPROTEINS. Scavenger receptors are expressed by MYELOID CELLS and some ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, and were originally characterized based on their ability to bind acetylated LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. They can also bind a variety of other polyanionic ligand. Certain scavenger receptors can internalize micro-organisms as well as apoptotic cells.
Chemokine CCL19
Chemokine CX3CL1
A CX3C chemokine that is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of cells. The soluble form of chemokine CX3CL1 can be released from cell surface by proteolysis and act as a chemoattractant that may be involved in the extravasation of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. The membrane form of the protein may also play a role in cell adhesion.
Chemokines, CC
Interleukin-8
Heterocyclic Compounds
Chemotaxis
Platelet Factor 4
A CXC chemokine that is found in the alpha granules of PLATELETS. The protein has a molecular size of 7800 kDa and can occur as a monomer, a dimer or a tetramer depending upon its concentration in solution. Platelet factor 4 has a high affinity for HEPARIN and is often found complexed with GLYCOPROTEINS such as PROTEIN C.
Chemokine CCL7
Chemokine CCL20
Cells, Cultured
Chemokine CCL11
Chemokine CCL1
Neutrophil Infiltration
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Chemokine CCL27
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Up-Regulation
Flow Cytometry
Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
Receptors, CCR2
Receptors, CCR1
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Receptors, CCR5
Chemokine CCL8
Cytokines
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.
Inflammation
Gene Expression Regulation
Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins
Heparin-binding proteins that exhibit a number of inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. Originally identified as secretory products of MACROPHAGES, these chemokines are produced by a variety of cell types including NEUTROPHILS; FIBROBLASTS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS. They likely play a significant role in respiratory tract defenses.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Receptors, CCR4
Receptors, Interleukin-8A
T-Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
Receptors, CCR3
Immunohistochemistry
Macrophages
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)
Endothelial Cells
Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.
Receptors, CCR7
Disease Models, Animal
Receptors, CCR10
Mice, Transgenic
Receptors, CCR8
Interferon-gamma
The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Chemokine CCL24
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.
Receptors, Cytokine
Monocyte Chemoattractant Proteins
Blotting, Western
Gene Expression
Protein Binding
Bone Marrow Cells
Gene Expression Profiling
Chemokines, CX3C
Chemotactic Factors
Receptors, CCR6
Cell Differentiation
Transfection
Monokines
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Ligands
A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Receptors, HIV
Duffy Blood-Group System
Dendritic Cells
Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).
Cell Migration Inhibition
Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.
Inflammation Mediators
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.
NF-kappa B
Lung
Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil
Leukocytes
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
HIV-1
Stromal Cells
Down-Regulation
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Th2 Cells
Epithelial Cells
Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.
Amino Acid Sequence
Lymph Nodes
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
Th1 Cells
Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.
Angiostatic Proteins
Lymphocyte Activation
Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.
Eosinophils
Immunity, Innate
Lymphoid Tissue
T-Lymphocyte Subsets
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Coculture Techniques
Isolation of the CXC chemokines ENA-78, GRO alpha and GRO gamma from tumor cells and leukocytes reveals NH2-terminal heterogeneity. Functional comparison of different natural isoforms. (1/90)
Chemokines are a family of chemotactic peptides affecting leukocyte migration during the inflammatory response. Post-translational modification of chemokines has been shown to affect their biological potency. Here, the isolation and identification of natural isoforms of the neutrophil chemoattractants GRO alpha and GRO gamma and the epithelial-cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78 (ENA-78), is reported. Cultured tumor cells produced predominantly intact chemokine forms, whereas peripheral blood monocytes secreted mainly NH2-terminally truncated forms. The order of neutrophil chemotactic potency of these CXC chemokines was GRO alpha > GRO gamma > ENA-78 both for intact and truncated forms. However, truncated GRO alpha (4,5,6-73), GRO gamma (5-73) and ENA-78(8,9-78) were 30-fold, fivefold and threefold more active than the corresponding intact chemokine. As a consequence, truncated GRO alpha (4,5,6-73) was 300-fold more potent than intact ENA-78 indicating that both the type of chemokine and its mode of processing determine the chemotactic potency. Similar observations were made when intact and truncated GRO alpha, GRO gamma and ENA-78 were compared for their capacity to induce an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in neutrophilic granulocytes, and to desensitize the calcium response towards the CXC chemokine granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2). It must be concluded that physiological proteolytic cleavage of CXC chemokines in general enhances the inflammatory response, whereas for CC chemokines NH2-terminal processing mostly results in reduced chemotactic potency. (+info)NH2- and COOH-terminal truncations of murine granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 augment the in vitro and in vivo neutrophil chemotactic potency. (2/90)
Chemokines are important mediators of leukocyte migration during the inflammatory response. Post-translational modifications affect the biological potency of chemokines. In addition to previously identified NH2-terminally truncated forms, COOH-terminally truncated forms of the CXC chemokine murine granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2) were purified from conditioned medium of stimulated fibroblasts. The truncations generated 28 natural murine GCP-2 isoforms containing 69-92 residues, including most intermediate forms. Both NH2- and COOH-terminal truncations of GCP-2 resulted in enhanced chemotactic potency for human and murine neutrophils in vitro. The truncated isoform GCP-2(9-78) was 30-fold more potent than intact GCP-2(1-92)/LPS-induced CXC chemokine (LIX) at inducing an intracellular calcium increase in human neutrophils. After intradermal injection in mice, GCP-2(9-78) was also more effective than GCP-2(1-92)/LIX at inducing neutrophil infiltration. Similar to human IL-8 and GCP-2, murine GCP-2(9-78) and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) induced calcium increases in both CXCR1 and CXCR2 transfectants. Murine GCP-2(9-78) could desensitize the calcium response induced by MIP-2 in human neutrophils and vice versa. Furthermore, MIP-2 and truncated GCP-2(9-78), but not intact GCP-2(1-92)/LIX, partially desensitized the calcium response to human IL-8 in human neutrophils. Taken together, these findings point to an important role of post-translationally modified GCP-2 to replace IL-8 in the mouse. (+info)GCP-2-induced internalization of IL-8 receptors: hierarchical relationships between GCP-2 and other ELR(+)-CXC chemokines and mechanisms regulating CXCR2 internalization and recycling. (3/90)
The chemotactic potencies of ELR(+)-CXC chemokines during acute inflammation are regulated by their binding affinities and by their ability to activate, desensitize, and internalize their specific receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. To gain insight into the fine mechanisms that control acute inflammatory processes, we have focused in this study on the highly potent ELR(+)-CXC chemokine Granulocyte Chemotactic Protein 2 (GCP-2), and on its ability to control the cell surface expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2. Although GCP-2 has been considered an effective ligand for both CXCR1 and CXCR2, our findings demonstrated that it was a potent inducer of CXCR2 internalization only. A functional hierarchy was shown to exist between GCP-2 and 2 other ELR(+)-CXC chemokines, IL-8 and NAP-2, in their abilities to induce CXCR1 and CXCR2 internalization, according to the following: IL-8 > GCP-2 > NAP-2. By the use of pertussis toxin (PTx), it was demonstrated that the actual events of G(alphai)-coupling to CXCR2 do not have a major role in the regulation of its internalization. Rather, CXCR2 internalization was shown to be negatively controlled by induction of signaling events, as indicated by the promotion of CXCR2 internalization following exposure to wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3 kinases and PI4 kinases. Furthermore, our results suggest that rab11(+)-endosomes participate in the trafficking of CXCR2 through the endocytic pathway, to eventually allow its recycling back to the plasma membrane. To conclude, our findings shed light on the interrelationships between GCP-2 and other ELR(+)-CXC chemokines, and determine the mechanisms involved in the regulation of GCP-2-induced internalization and recycling of CXCR2. (Blood. 2000;95:1551-1559) (+info)Identification of a blood-derived chemoattractant for neutrophils and lymphocytes as a novel CC chemokine, Regakine-1. (4/90)
Chemokines constitute a large family of chemotactic cytokines that selectively attract different blood cell types. Although most inflammatory chemoattractants are only induced and released in the circulation during acute infection, a restricted number of CXC and CC chemokines are constitutively present in normal plasma at high concentrations. Here, such a chemotactic protein was purified to homogeneity from serum and fully identified as a novel CC chemokine by mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence analysis. The protein, tentatively designated Regakine-1, shows less than 50% sequence identity with any known chemokine. This novel CC chemokine chemoattracts both neutrophils and lymphocytes but not monocytes or eosinophils. Its modest chemotactic potency but high blood concentration is similar to that of other chemokines present in the circulation, such as hemofiltrate CC chemokine-1, platelet factor-4, and beta-thromboglobulin. Regakine-1 did not induce neutrophil chemokinesis. However, it synergized with the CXC chemokines interleukin-8 and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2, and the CC chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-3, resulting in an at least a 2-fold increase of the neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotactic response, respectively. The biologic effects of homogeneous natural Regakine-1 were confirmed with chemically synthesized chemokine. Like other plasma chemokines, it is expected that Regakine-1 plays a unique role in the circulation during normal or pathologic conditions. (+info)Tumor angiogenesis induced by granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 as a countercurrent principle. (5/90)
Chemokine production by tumors is a well-known phenomenon, but its role in tumor biology remains debatable. Although intratumoral injection of granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2) had no effect on tumor parameters, needle-free stable expression of the chemokine resulted in enhanced tumor growth. It is shown here that tumors that express a potent form of GCP-2 induce a strong influx and activation of tumor-associated neutrophils. The production of GCP-2 leads to intratumoral expression of gelatinase B and advantage for tumor growth by increased angiogenesis. These results are in line with the countercurrent principle of chemokine action and support the notion that paraneoplastic expression of ELR-positive CXC chemokines has to be blocked rather than stimulated in cancer therapy. (+info)Differential regulation of ENA-78 and GCP-2 gene expression in human corneal keratocytes and epithelial cells. (6/90)
PURPOSE: To determine whether interleukin (IL)-1alpha- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and human corneal keratocytes (HCKs) produce the alpha-chemokines epithelial cell-derived neutrophil attractant (ENA)-78 and granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCP)-2. METHODS: Cultures of HCECs and HCKs were stimulated with either human recombinant IL-1alpha or TNF-alpha. At selected times after stimulation, culture supernatants were harvested and assayed for ENA-78 and GCP-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RNA was extracted from cell cultures to measure steady state levels of intracellular ENA-78 and GCP-2 pre-mRNA and mRNA by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Exposure of HCECs to either IL-1alpha or TNF-alpha stimulated a more than 4.5-fold increase in ENA-78 RNA and protein synthesis without stimulating a significant increase in either GCP-2 RNA synthesis or protein production. Exposure of HCK to IL-1alpha stimulated a 10-fold increase in ENA-78 and GCP-2 RNA synthesis and a more than 300-fold increase in ENA-78 and GCP-2 protein production. In contrast, exposure of keratocytes to TNF-alpha significantly enhanced ENA-78 RNA synthesis, resulting in a more than 68-fold increase in ENA-78 protein synthesis without significantly enhancing either GCP-2 gene expression or protein secretion. CONCLUSIONS: ENA-78 gene expression is significantly enhanced in both HCECs and HCKs in response to either IL-1alpha or TNF-alpha stimulation. In contrast, GCP-2 synthesis is only inducible in IL-1alpha-stimulated HCKs. The results suggest that GCP-2 gene expression is more tightly regulated in diseased or injured corneal tissue than is ENA-78 gene expression. (+info)Cutting edge: SR-PSOX/CXC chemokine ligand 16 mediates bacterial phagocytosis by APCs through its chemokine domain. (7/90)
SR-PSOX and CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)16, which were originally identified as a scavenger receptor and a transmembrane-type chemokine, respectively, are indicated to be identical. In this study, we demonstrate that membrane-bound SR-PSOX/CXCL16 mediates adhesion and phagocytosis of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Importantly, our prepared anti-SR-PSOX mAb, which suppressed chemotactic activity of SR-PSOX, significantly inhibited bacterial phagocytosis by human APCs including dendritic cells. Various scavenger receptor ligands inhibited the bacterial phagocytosis of SR-PSOX. In addition, the recognition specificity for bacteria was determined by only the chemokine domain of SR-PSOX/CXCL16. Thus, SR-PSOX/CXCL16 may play an important role in facilitating uptake of various pathogens and chemotaxis of T and NKT cells by APCs through its chemokine domain. (+info)GCP II (NAALADase) inhibition suppresses mossy fiber-CA3 synaptic neurotransmission by a presynaptic mechanism. (8/90)
We tested the hypothesis that endogenous N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) presynaptically inhibits glutamate release at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. For this purpose, we made use of 2-(3-mercaptopropyl)pentanedioic acid (2-MPPA), an inhibitor of glutamate carboxypeptidase II [GCP II; also known as N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase)], the enzyme that hydrolyzes NAAG into N-acetylaspartate and glutamate. Application of 2-MPPA (1-20 microM) had no effect on intrinsic membrane properties of CA3 pyramidal neurons recorded in vitro in whole cell current- or voltage-clamp mode. Bath application of 10 microM 2-MPPA suppressed evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) amplitudes. Attenuation of EPSC amplitudes was accompanied by a significant increase in paired-pulse facilitation (50-ms interpulse intervals), suggesting that a presynaptic mechanism is involved. The group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist 2S-2-amino-2-(1S,2S-2-carboxycyclopropyl-1-yl)-3-(xanth-9-y l) propanoic acid (LY341495) prevented the 2-MPPA-dependent suppression of EPSC amplitudes. 2-MPPA reduced the frequencies of TTX-insensitive miniature EPSCs (mEPSC), without affecting their amplitudes, further supporting a presynaptic action for GCP II inhibition. 2-MPPA-induced reduction of mEPSC frequencies was prevented by LY341495, reinforcing the role of presynaptic group II mGluR. Because GCP II inhibition is thought to increase NAAG levels, these results suggest that NAAG suppresses synaptic transmission at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses through presynaptic activation of group II mGluRs. (+info)Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists induce the release of granulocyte chemotactic protein-2, oncostatin M, and vascular...
CXCL6 - Wikipedia
CXCL10 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10)
ccl1 Protein, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 - Creative BioMart
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-2 ELISA | Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 ELISA | Mouse CCL8/MCP-2 ELISA | CCL8 ELISA | MCP-2...
negative regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production Antibodies | Invitrogen
...
CX3CL1, a chemokine finely tuned to adhesion: critical roles of the stalk glycosylation and the membrane domain - Inserm
Recombinant Mouse Chemokine (C-X-C motif) Ligand 3, His-tagged Cxcl3-624M - Creative BioMart
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of chemokine CC motif ligand 19 on the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma |...
WikiGenes - CCL22 - chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22
PE anti-mouse CCL5 RANTES Antibody anti-CCL5 - 2E9/CCL5
Anti-PPBP Antibody (HPA008354) - Atlas Antibodies
anti-SDF1 antibody | GeneTex
anti-MIP1 alpha antibody | GeneTex
小鼠CXCL5 ELISA试剂盒(GCP-2) | Abcam中国官方网站
Antiproteinuric effect of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 inhibition in subjects with acute proliferative lupus nephritis<...
CXCL6 - wikidoc
Assay Solution. Human CXCL9/MIG ELISA Kit
Anti-Mouse MIP-2 Antibody | Mouse MIP-2 Antibody | MIP-2 Antibody | CXCL2 Antibody
An antitumorigenic role for the IL-33 receptor, ST2L, in colon cancer
OPUS Würzburg | Search
Browse Wishlist
133 Soluble cxcl16 in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus | Lupus Science & Medicine
PLOS ONE: Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Trafficking and Survival in an Augmented Fibrin Matrix Carrier
Stk39 (serine/threonine kinase 39) - Rat Genome Database
Assay Solution. Human CCL2/MCP-1 ELISA Kit
Fractalkine/CX3CL1, Rat Protein - GenScript
Recombinant Human CXCL5 ENA-78 ELISA Std.
Tissue expression of CXCL8 - Summary - The Human Protein Atlas
Anti-CXCL16 antibody (ab27222) | Abcam
University of Birmingham research gateway
OSBPL5 - Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5 - Homo sapiens (Human) - OSBPL5 gene & protein
View source for Interleukin 8 - wikidoc
Anti-CXCL11 antibody (ab9955) | Abcam
CXCL3 positively regulates adipogenic differentiation<...
Regulated C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) in luteal cells contributes to macrophage infiltration into the human corpus luteum during...
CXCL16/SR-PSOX is an interferon-gamma-regulated chemokine and scavenger receptor expressed in atherosclerotic lesions
Differential gene and protein expression of chemokines and cytokines in synovial fluid of patients with arthritis | Arthritis...
The possible link between elevated serum levels of epithelial cell-derived neutrophil- activating peptide-78 (ENA-78/CXCL5) and...
Akt1 | Discovery of Serotonin N-acetyltransferase Inhibitors
Clinical and Immunological Outcome in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Patients Treated with Pentoxifylline | The American Journal of...
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Chemokine CXCL7 Heterodimers: Structural Insights, CXCR2 Receptor Function, and Glycosaminoglycan...
CXCL12 - Википедија, слободна енциклопедија
Robbs ENA-350 Strain Passport - StrainInfo
Monoclonal Anti-Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 antibody produced in mouse clone 24822, purified immunoglobulin, lyophilized...
CXCL9 Gene - GeneCards | CXCL9 Protein | CXCL9 Antibody
Aortic and plasma expression levels of IL-18 and CXCL16 | Open-i
人生长调节致癌基因γ(GRO-γ/CXCL3) (Human) 购买/价格/报价/多少钱 | 赛业生物科技有限公司
NCI Thesaurus
Increased CCL19 and CCL21 levels promote fibroblast ossification in ankylosing spondylitis hip ligament tissue | BMC...
Circulating fibroblast precursors in soft tissue sarcoma metastasis :: MEDICA, MUSC Institutional Repository
CXCL16 - Wikipedia
CXCL12 - Wikipedia
Monoclonal Anti-Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-2 antibody produced in mouse clone 35509.11, purified immunoglobulin, lyophilized...
OriGene - Cxcl14 (NM 019568) Human ORF cDNA Clone
OriGene - Cxcl16 (NM 023158) Human ORF cDNA Clone
OnkPat PhD student seminar | Event | Department of Oncology-Pathology | Karolinska Institutet
Peptidoglycan binding domain
"Gelatinase B/MMP-9 and neutrophil collagenase/MMP-8 process the chemokines human GCP-2/CXCL6, ENA-78/CXCL5 and mouse GCP-2/LIX ...
Chromosome 4
... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5, scyb5 CXCL6: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6, scyb6 CXCL7: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 ... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, scyb1 CXCL2: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2, scyb2 CXCL3: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 ... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9, scyb9 CXCL10: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, scyb10 CXCL11: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ... scyb3 CXCL4: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4, Platelet factor-4, PF-4, scyb4 CXCL5: ...
Index of immunology articles
Cryptotope CX3CL1 CX3CR1 CXC chemokine receptors CXCL1 CXCL10 CXCL11 CXCL13 CXCL14 CXCL15 CXCL16 CXCL17 CXCL2 CXCL3 CXCL5 CXCL6 ... Breakthrough infection Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies Bursa of Fabricius C-C chemokine receptor type 6 C-C chemokine ... CD4 CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity CD74 CD94/NKG2 Cell-mediated immunity CELSR1 Central tolerance Chemokine Chemokine ... 7 Calreticulin Cancer immunology Cancer immunoprevention Cancer immunotherapy Cantuzumab ravtansine Cathelicidin CC chemokine ...
CXCL6
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as ... The gene for CXCL6 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster with other CXC chemokine genes. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... Modi W, Chen Z (1998). "Localization of the human CXC chemokine subfamily on the long arm of chromosome 4 using radiation ... O'Donovan N, Galvin M, Morgan J (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenet Cell ...
CXC chemokine receptors
CXCL8 (otherwise known as interleukin-8) and CXCL6 can both bind CXCR1 in humans, while all other ELR-positive chemokines, such ... CXC chemokine receptors are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CXC chemokine ... However, CXCR6 is more closely related in structure to CC chemokine receptors than to other CXC chemokine receptors. ACKR3 was ... within the chemokine receptor cluster on human chromosome 3p21) and its similarity to other chemokine receptors in its gene ...
Interferon alfa-2b
... is an antiviral or antineoplastic drug. It is a recombinant form of the protein Interferon alpha-2 that was originally sequenced and produced recombinantly in E. coli[1] in the laboratory of Charles Weissmann at the University of Zurich, in 1980.[2][3] It was developed at Biogen, and ultimately marketed by Schering-Plough under the trade name Intron-A. It was also produced in 1986 in recombinant human form, in the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Havana, Cuba, under the name Heberon Alfa R.[4] It has been used for a wide range of indications, including viral infections and cancers. This drug is approved around the world for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, hairy cell leukemia, Behçet's disease, chronic myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, follicular lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, mastocytosis and malignant melanoma.[citation needed] The medication is being used in clinical trials to treat patients with SARS-CoV-2[5] and there are ...
Interleukin 6
... chemokine, IL-6, and interleukin 8 (IL-8).[82][80] IL-6 and IL-8 are the most conserved and robust features of SASP.[83] ...
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Query Trace: Death and CXCL6[original query] Polymorphisms of key chemokine genes and survival of non-small cell lung cancer in ...
Identifiying HCV Patients Who May Be Cured in 4 Weeks
... chemokines, growth factors and ligands according to established SOPs.[6,9] For more information regarding limit of detection, ... CXCL6. 0.9588. ns. CXCL10. 0.0443. *. 4E-BP1. 0.2019. ns. SIRT2. 0.6022. ns. ...
HuGE Navigator|HuGE Literature Finder|PHGKB
Query Trace: Lung Neoplasms and CXCL6[original query] Polymorphisms of key chemokine genes and survival of non-small cell lung ...
CXCL6 Protein - Creative BioMart
The gene for CXCL6 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster with other CXC chemokine genes. ... CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2 ... It elicits its chemotactic effects by interacting with the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. ... As its former name suggests, CXCL6 is a chemoattractant for neutrophilic granulocytes. ...
Interferon - WikiProjectMed
Interferons were first described in 1957 by Alick Isaacs and Jean Lindenmann at the National Institute for Medical Research in London;[53][54][55] the discovery was a result of their studies of viral interference. Viral interference refers to the inhibition of virus growth caused by previous exposure of cells to an active or a heat-inactivated virus. Isaacs and Lindenmann were working with a system that involved the inhibition of the growth of live influenza virus in chicken embryo chorioallantoic membranes by heat-inactivated influenza virus. Their experiments revealed that this interference was mediated by a protein released by cells in the heat-inactivated influenza virus-treated membranes. They published their results in 1957 naming the antiviral factor they had discovered interferon.[54] The findings of Isaacs and Lindenmann have been widely confirmed and corroborated in the literature.[56] Furthermore, others may have made observations on interferons before the 1957 publication of Isaacs ...
MODULE 46
CXCL6. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 [Source.... 6373. 6373. CXCL11. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 [Sourc.... ...
Anti Mouse Lix Antibody - Fibroblast growth factor 4
LIX contains the four conserved cysteine residues present in CXC chemokines, and also contains the 'ELR' motif common to CXC ... Recombinant Murine LIX (CXCL6) [93a.a] Protein. PROTP50228-3 BosterBio 20ug. EUR 317 ... Description: LIX is a CXC chemokine that signals through the CXCR2 receptor. It is expressed in monocytes, platelets, ... Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Mouse LIX (Liposaccharide-Induced CXC chemokine) in samples ...
CCL5 - wikidoc
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (also CCL5) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene.[1] It is also known as ... Chemokine. References. *↑ 1.0 1.1 Donlon TA, Krensky AM, Wallace MR, Collins FS, Lovett M, Clayberger C (March 1990). " ... Alan M. Krensky (1995). Biology of the Chemokine in Rantes (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit). R G Landes Co. ISBN 1-57059- ... This chemokine has been localized to chromosome 17 in humans.[1] RANTES was first identified in a search for genes expressed " ...
Association of increased CCL5 and CXCL7 chemokine expression with neutrophil activation in severe stable COPD | Thorax
The CXC chemokine GCP-2/CXCL6 is predominantly induced in mesenchymal cells by interleukin-1beta and is down-regulated by ... The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of relevant CXC and CC chemokines, cytokines and chemokine ... Neutrophilic chemokines and their receptors. Immunohistochemical expression of neutrophilic chemokines and their receptors in ... Several chemokines of the CXC and CC family are involved in neutrophil chemotaxis.10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ...
ACKR1 | Chemokine receptors | IUPHAR/MMV Guide to MALARIA PHARMACOLOGY
ACKR1 - Chemokine receptors. Detailed annotation on the structure, function, physiology, pharmacology and clinical relevance of ... CXCL5 (CXCL5, P42830), CXCL6 (CXCL6, P80162), CXCL8 (CXCL8, P10145), CXCL11 (CXCL11, O14625), CCL2 (CCL2, P13500), CCL5 (CCL5, ... Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor , atypical chemokine receptor 1 , CD234 , Dfy , Duffy blood group, atypical chemokine receptor ... atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood group) Mouse. 7. 334. 1 80.33 cM. Ackr1 atypical chemokine receptor 1 (Duffy blood ...
Interleukin 20 - WikiProjectMed
IL-20 is involved in many stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression.[15] IL-20 stimulates the secretion of chemokines MCP ...
Lymphotoxin beta - wikidoc
Lymphotoxin beta is a type II membrane protein of the TNF family. It anchors lymphotoxin-alpha to the cell surface through heterotrimer formation. The predominant form on the lymphocyte surface is the lymphotoxin-alpha 1/beta 2 complex (e.g. 1 molecule alpha/2 molecules beta) and this complex is the primary ligand for the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. The minor complex is lymphotoxin-alpha 2/beta 1. LTB is an inducer of the inflammatory response system and involved in normal development of lymphoid tissue. Lymphotoxin-beta isoform b is unable to complex with lymphotoxin-alpha suggesting a function for lymphotoxin-beta which is independent of lymphotoxin-alpha. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.[3] Pro-tumorigenic function of membrane LT is clearly established: mice with overexpression of LTα or LTβ showed increased tumor growth and metastasis in several models of cancer. However, these studies utilized mice with complete LTα gene deficiency ...
Supplement Combo Represents a Novel Hair Loss Treatment - MPB Research
In particular, we found that the composition effectively suppressed LPS-activated gene expression of chemokines, including ... CCL17, CXCL6 and LTB(4) associated with pathways involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Our data support the hypothesis that ...
TRH Receptors - Development of a High-Throughput Assay for Identifying Inhibitors
... the most enriched pathways included activation of chemokines and cytokines such as for example IL-8 CXCL1 IL-6 IL-1β and CXCL6 ... Tumour-derived LT and tumour-derived LT plus sT increased expression of multiple cytokines and chemokines which resulted in ... 6b). Elevated appearance of chemokines and cytokines is connected with cellular proliferation activation of cells motion/ ...
COVID-19
Serum amounts of CXCL6, IFN-γ, Galectin-1, -3, -9, IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15, IL-17, MICA, MIP-2 (CXCL2), ... Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine activation. *. Antigen presenting cells engulf and process SARS-CoV-2 antigens ...
PubMedPro - 肝衰竭机制2022-2019
A number of key chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8) and NF-ĸB pathway were identified to be robust in the liver ... Indeed, the knockdown of CYLD resulted in sustained activation of NF-ĸB in macrophages and enhanced chemokines and inflammatory ... in line with the well-established role of CYLD in regulating most of the chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCL2, CCL5 ... CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, IL-6, IL-1β) via inhibition of NF-ĸB. ...
Sitemap
Anti Human Chemokine. *Anti Human Cytokine. *Anti Human Heat Shock Protein. *Anti Human Enzyme ... CXCL6. *ENA-78 (CXCL5). *Eotaxin (CCL11,24,26). *Exodus-2 (CCL21). *Fractalkine (CX3CL1) ...
GSE13485 PRE VS POST YF17D VACCINATION PBMC UP
CXCL6. 6372. CXCL6. C-X-C motif chemokine liga.... CXCR2. 3579. CXCR2. C-X-C motif chemokine rece.... ...
MeSH Browser
Chemokine CXCL2 [D23.529.374.200.120.100] * Chemokine CXCL5 [D23.529.374.200.120.250] * Chemokine CXCL6 [D23.529.374.200. ... Chemokines [D12.644.276.374.200] * Chemokines, CXC [D12.644.276.374.200.120] * Chemokine CXCL1 [D12.644.276.374.200.120.050] ... Chemokines [D12.776.467.374.200] * Chemokines, CXC [D12.776.467.374.200.120] * Chemokine CXCL1 [D12.776.467.374.200.120.050] ... Chemokines [D23.529.374.200] * Chemokines, CXC [D23.529.374.200.120] * Chemokine CXCL1 [D23.529.374.200.120.050] ...
Validation of exercise-response genes in skeletal muscle cells of Thoroughbred racing horses
IL6, interleukin 6; CXCL8, interleukin 8; CXCL6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6; ADAMTS4, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase ... IL6, interleukin 6; CXCL8, interleukin 8; CXCL6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6; ADAMTS4, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase ... CXCL6 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6). 10.21. 1.35E-72. 3.34E-70. ... IL6, interleukin 6; CXCL6, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6; ADAMTS4, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin ...
CCL5 Protein - Creative BioMart
It functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5), and it ... This chemokine, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and ... Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is ... This gene is one of several chemokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. ...
CXCL6 - Wikipedia
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as ... The gene for CXCL6 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster with other CXC chemokine genes. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... Modi W, Chen Z (1998). "Localization of the human CXC chemokine subfamily on the long arm of chromosome 4 using radiation ... ODonovan N, Galvin M, Morgan J (1999). "Physical mapping of the CXC chemokine locus on human chromosome 4". Cytogenet Cell ...
CXCL11 Protein - Creative BioMart
... is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant ... chemokine activity. Ccl12; IL8L2; CXCL32B.1; CXCL6; CCL18; CCL25B; CCL16; CCL26; CCL38.1; CKLF. ... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11. Background. Chemokine (C-X-C motif); ligand 11 (CXCL11); is a small cytokine belonging to ... CXCL11 has several biochemical functions, for example, CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding, chemokine activity, heparin binding. ...
Ultra-LEAF™ Purified anti-mouse CXCL5 (LIX) Antibody, CXCL5, A20098E
CXC chemokine characterized by a Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif preceding the characteristic CXC sequence. CXCL5 chemoattracts and ... LPS-induced CXC chemokine (LIX), granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2), alveolar macrophage chemotactic factor-II (AMCF-II ... Mouse CXCL5 is the ortholog of human CXCL6.. Product Details Technical data sheet ... Chemokine Distribution Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, platelets, alveolar type II cells ...
CXCL6 Protein - Creative BioMart
The gene for CXCL6 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster with other CXC chemokine genes. ... CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2 ... It elicits its chemotactic effects by interacting with the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. ... As its former name suggests, CXCL6 is a chemoattractant for neutrophilic granulocytes. ...
Frontiers | Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: New Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy
In the last decades, it is emerging that the chemokine system represents a potential target for immunotherapy. Chemokines, a ... Chemokines, a large family of cytokines with chemotactic activity, and their cognate receptors are expressed by both cancer and ... Here, we review first attempts to inhibit the chemokine system in cancer as a monotherapy or in combination with canonical or ... Here, we review first attempts to inhibit the chemokine system in cancer as a monotherapy or in combination with canonical or ...
Association of increased CCL5 and CXCL7 chemokine expression with neutrophil activation in severe stable COPD | Thorax
The CXC chemokine GCP-2/CXCL6 is predominantly induced in mesenchymal cells by interleukin-1beta and is down-regulated by ... The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of relevant CXC and CC chemokines, cytokines and chemokine ... Neutrophilic chemokines and their receptors. Immunohistochemical expression of neutrophilic chemokines and their receptors in ... Several chemokines of the CXC and CC family are involved in neutrophil chemotaxis.10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ...
Reactome | CXCL6(38-114) [extracellular region]
Human Chemokine Array Q1 [QAH-CHE-1]
Human Chemokine Array 1 Kit. Detects 40 Human Chemokines. Suitable for all liquid sample types. ... CXCL6 , IFNL1 , IFNL2 , IL17F , IL18BP , IL31 , IL9 , LIF , MIF , MST1 , PF4 , PPBP , SPP1 , TNFSF14 , TSLP , XCL1  View ... Quantibody® Human Chemokine Array 1 Kit. Detects 40 Human Chemokines. Suitable for all liquid sample types. ...
HuGE Navigator|HuGE Literature Finder|PHGKB
GSE13485 PRE VS POST YF17D VACCINATION PBMC UP
CXCR1 | Chemokine receptors | IUPHAR Guide to IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
CXCR1 - Chemokine receptors. Detailed annotation on the structure, function, physiology, pharmacology and clinical relevance of ... CXCL6 {Sp: Human} Hs. Full agonist. 7.0 pKi 57 ⤻. pKi 7.0 [57] ... chemokine receptor activity. TAS. GO:0016493. C-C chemokine ... CXCR1 is one of more than 20 distinct chemokine receptors expressed in human leukocytes. Chemokines primarily act to promote ... Update on the extended family of chemokine receptors and introducing a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors. ...
Immunological effects of adjuvants in subsets of antigen presenting cells of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy | Journal...
RNAdjuvant® was the only one to induce most of the cytokines/chemokines tested with a pronounced Th1 cytokine pattern. ... cytokine and chemokine production was evaluated by Bio-Plex ProTM. Treatment with RNAdjuvant® induced the strongest response in ... α-chemokines (CX3CL1, CXCL1, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, CXCL13, CXCL16, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6) and β-chemokines (CCL1 CCL11, CCL13, ... Cytokine and chemokine production was assessed by Bio-Plex Pro Human Chemokine 40-plex Panel (BioRad) in supernatant of PBMCs ...
Validation of exercise-response genes in skeletal muscle cells of Thoroughbred racing horses
IL6, interleukin 6; CXCL8, interleukin 8; CXCL6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6; ADAMTS4, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase ... IL6, interleukin 6; CXCL8, interleukin 8; CXCL6, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6; ADAMTS4, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase ... CXCL6 (Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6). 10.21. 1.35E-72. 3.34E-70. ... IL6, interleukin 6; CXCL6, Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6; ADAMTS4, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin ...
IMP: Integrative Multi-species Prediction
Gene expression profiling of porcine mammary epithelial cells after challenge with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus...
... and CXCL6) and cell adhesion molecules (VCAM1, ICAM1, and ITGB3) was explicitly obvious post-challenge with E. coli inducing a ... An immediate and strong up-regulation of genes encoding cytokines (IL1A and IL8), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, ... chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, CCL2; chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligands CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6; interleukin 1 alpha, IL1A ... The higher up-regulation of chemokines that target mononuclear leukocytes by LPS than by S. aureus culture supernatant is ...
History Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8) is a prototype of the ELR+CXC chemokines that - DNA Topoisomerase - Synthesis and Structure...
CXCL1 CXCL2 CXCL3 CXCL5 CXCL6 CXCL7 and CXCL8) [4-6] however not angiostatic (i.e. CXCL4 CXCL9 CXCL10 and CXCL11) CXC ... History Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8) is a prototype of the ELR+CXC chemokines that. * Post author By conferencedequebec ... The CXC chemokine family is the unique group of cytokines known for their ability LY2886721 to act within a disparate way in ... History Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8) is a prototype of the ELR+CXC chemokines that play an important role in the promotion and ...
IL-8, GRO and MCP-1 produced by hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment determine the migratory capacity of human bone marrow...
... probably through the secretion of chemokines such as CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL1-2-3/GRO and CXCL6/GCP-2. Considering that HCC-stimulated ... Cytokine and chemokine antibody array. The presence of soluble factors in the CM were detected using the RayBio Human Chemokine ... probably due to an increase in chemokines such as CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL1-2-3/GRO and CXCL6/GCP-2. ... Figure 5: HCC CM modulated MSC chemokine profile. Antibody array of CM from unstimulated MSCs A., HC-PT-5-stimulated MSCs B., ...
Inflammatory Protein 염증성 단백질
In addition, (R)-TML104 significantly inhibited the expression of pancreatic chemokines C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and ... 포함 단백질 1(CDCP1), 인터류킨(IL)-18R1, CXCL11, CCL3, IL8, IL12B, 종양 괴사 인자-베타, CXCL6, 골프로테게린, IL10, fms-related tyrosine kinase-3 리간드, ... Cmotif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), caspase 8, C‐C motif chemokine 20 (CCL20), CCL19, interferon γ, CUB domain‐containing protein 1 ( ... chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP1α), keratinocyte‐derived chemokine (KC ...
MeSH Browser
Chemokine CXCL2 [D23.529.374.200.120.100] * Chemokine CXCL5 [D23.529.374.200.120.250] * Chemokine CXCL6 [D23.529.374.200. ... Chemokines [D12.644.276.374.200] * Chemokines, CXC [D12.644.276.374.200.120] * Chemokine CXCL1 [D12.644.276.374.200.120.050] ... Chemokines [D12.776.467.374.200] * Chemokines, CXC [D12.776.467.374.200.120] * Chemokine CXCL1 [D12.776.467.374.200.120.050] ... Chemokines [D23.529.374.200] * Chemokines, CXC [D23.529.374.200.120] * Chemokine CXCL1 [D23.529.374.200.120.050] ...
High-concentrate feeding upregulates the expression of inflammation-related genes in the ruminal epithelium of dairy cattle |...
CXCL6, INHBE, LEPR, PRL, and TNFRSF9 found in the cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway were up-regulated in the HC-fed cows, ... Cattle and chemokines: evidence for species-specific evolution of the bovine chemokine system. Anim Genet. 2011;42:341-53. ... Of the 13 DEGs involved in this pathway, 11 genes (such as IL-1β, IL-2, CCL19, CCL8, CX3CR1, CXCL6, IL-22, INHBE, LEPR, PRL, ... the receptor of chemokine CX3CL1, was also classified as an inflammatory chemokine [43]. In the present study, up-regulated ...
Recombinant Feline IL-8/CXCL8 Protein (2277-FL) | Bio-Techne
... which is also used by CXCL6, and through CXCR2/IL-8 RB, which is used by multiple CXC chemokines (1). These receptors associate ... is a widely expressed proinflammatory member of the CXC family of chemokines. Near its N-terminus, this 8-9 kDa chemokine ... 3-10C, AMCF-I, C-X-C motif chemokine 8, CXCL8, CXCL8SCYB8, Emoctakin, GCP-1TSG-1, GCP1, IL-8, IL8, K60, LAI, LECT, LUCT, LYNAP ...
A homeostatic function of CXCR2 signalling in articular cartilage<...
ELR+ CXC chemokines have been associated with inflammatory arthritis due to their capacity to attract inflammatory cells. Here ... Results CXCL6 was expressed in healthy cartilage and was retained through binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. CXCR2−/− ... ELR+ CXC chemokines have been associated with inflammatory arthritis due to their capacity to attract inflammatory cells. Here ... ELR+ CXC chemokines have been associated with inflammatory arthritis due to their capacity to attract inflammatory cells. Here ...
Data Sheet 1 Hepatic BRD4 Is Upregulated in Liver Fibrosis of Various Etiologies and Positively Correlated to Fibrotic Severity...
Truth Pair o' Docs | BareFacedTruth.com
In this study we show that LMW HA (4.3kDa) induced pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and chemokines IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL6 and ... The blockage of CD44 expression by siRNA resulted in the attenuation of IL-6 and chemokines expression in LMW HA treated NHDF ... Conversely, NHDF treated by HMW HA revealed a tendency to decrease the gene expression of these cytokine and chemokines when ... Low molecular weight hyaluronan mediated CD44 dependent induction of IL-6 and chemokines in human dermal fibroblasts ...
Specifically, a) the effect of K-ras signaling was investigated in the overall expression of interleukins in patients with...
TRH Receptors - Development of a High-Throughput Assay for Identifying Inhibitors
... the most enriched pathways included activation of chemokines and cytokines such as for example IL-8 CXCL1 IL-6 IL-1β and CXCL6 ... Tumour-derived LT and tumour-derived LT plus sT increased expression of multiple cytokines and chemokines which resulted in ... 6b). Elevated appearance of chemokines and cytokines is connected with cellular proliferation activation of cells motion/ ...
PubMedPro - 肝衰竭机制2022-2019
A number of key chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8) and NF-ĸB pathway were identified to be robust in the liver ... Indeed, the knockdown of CYLD resulted in sustained activation of NF-ĸB in macrophages and enhanced chemokines and inflammatory ... in line with the well-established role of CYLD in regulating most of the chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCL2, CCL5 ... CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, IL-6, IL-1β) via inhibition of NF-ĸB. ...
Supplement Combo Represents a Novel Hair Loss Treatment - MPB Research
Can COVID-19 Trigger New-Onset Diabetes | Bio-Rad
Cytokines-GenScript
Chemokines. Chemokines are small proteins best known for their role in controlling the migration of diverse cells, particularly ... and migration of the cells along chemokine gradients. Depending on the cell type, chemokines also induce many other types of ... "Chemokine oligomerization in cell signaling and migration." Progress in molecular biology and translational science 117 (2013 ... "Chemokines modulate immune surveillance in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and response to immunotherapy." Frontiers in immunology ...
Related cytokinesCXCL8CXCL5CXCL1CXCR2ReceptorCCL5LigandsProteinCXCL10Cytokine and chemokineCytokines and chemokinesAtypical chemokineInflammatoryReceptors expressedInflammationInduceProteinsGenesLeukocyteTumorCXCL16NeutrophilicExpressionProliferationAngiogenesisPathwaysHumanChromosomeMigrationFamilyInhibitSuggests
Related cytokines1
- Chemokines, are a family of small, secreted, and structurally related cytokines with a crucial role in inflammation and immunity ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
CXCL85
- Inflammatory CC (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5) and CXC (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, and CXCL8) chemokines recruit at the tumor site CCR2 + monocytes and CXCR2 + neutrophils that differentiate into tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor associated neutrophils (TANs), exerting pro- or anti-tumoral role ( 7 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Interleukin-8 (IL-8), also known as CXCL8, GCP-1, and NAP-1, is a widely expressed proinflammatory member of the CXC family of chemokines. (bio-techne.com)
- CXCL8 effects are mediated through CXCR1/IL-8 RA, which is also used by CXCL6, and through CXCR2/IL-8 RB, which is used by multiple CXC chemokines (1). (bio-techne.com)
- A number of key chemokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8) and NF-ĸB pathway were identified to be robust in the liver samples from HBV-ACLF patients. (pubmed.pro)
- Interestingly, cylindromatosis (CYLD) was found to be downregulated in the liver of HBV-ACLF patients, in line with the well-established role of CYLD in regulating most of the chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, IL-6, IL-1β) via inhibition of NF-ĸB. (pubmed.pro)
CXCL54
- CXCL5 is an ELR-CXC chemokine characterized by a Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif preceding the characteristic CXC sequence. (biolegend.com)
- CXCL5 regulates the availability of binding sites for other ELR-CXC chemokines released during inflammation, through its interaction with erythrocyte duffy antigen receptor (DARC). (biolegend.com)
- Therefore, CXCL5 acts as a regulator of chemokine scavenging and pulmonary host defense to bacterial infection. (biolegend.com)
- Mouse CXCL5 is the ortholog of human CXCL6. (biolegend.com)
CXCL12
- An immediate and strong up-regulation of genes encoding cytokines (IL1A and IL8), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6) and cell adhesion molecules (VCAM1, ICAM1, and ITGB3) was explicitly obvious post-challenge with E. coli inducing a rapid recruitment and activation of cells of host defense mediated by IL1B and TNF signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
- nevertheless the most enriched pathways included activation of chemokines and cytokines such as for example IL-8 CXCL1 IL-6 IL-1β and CXCL6 (Fig. 6b). (buenavidaestudio.com)
CXCR25
- It elicits its chemotactic effects by interacting with the chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2. (wikipedia.org)
- Conclusion Our results indicated that this polymorphisms in IL-8 and CXCR2 genes are associated with increased breast cancer risk as well as disease progress supporting our hypothesis for IL-8 and ELR+CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR2) involvement in breast cancer pathogenesis. (conferencedequebec.org)
- Objective ELR+ CXC chemokines are heparin-binding cytokines signalling through the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. (elsevier.com)
- Description: LIX is a CXC chemokine that signals through the CXCR2 receptor. (fgf-4.com)
- LIX contains the four conserved cysteine residues present in CXC chemokines, and also contains the 'ELR' motif common to CXC chemokine that bind to the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. (fgf-4.com)
Receptor3
- We selected most pathways CXCL11 participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. (creativebiomart.net)
- A CXCR6 receptor-binding chemokine that functions as a scavenger receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) when expressed by MACROPHAGES. (jefferson.edu)
- C-C motif chemokine receptor 9 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)
CCL53
- Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (also CCL5 ) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene . (wikidoc.org)
- CCL5 is an 8kDa protein classified as a chemotactic cytokine or chemokine . (wikidoc.org)
- IL-2 and IFN-γ ) that are released by T cells , CCL5 also induces the proliferation and activation of certain natural-killer ( NK ) cells to form CHAK (CC-Chemokine-activated killer) cells. (wikidoc.org)
Ligands2
- Methods Chemokine receptors and ligands were detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and RT-PCR. (elsevier.com)
- The panel included cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and ligands according to established SOPs. (medscape.com)
Protein3
- Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6 (CXCL6) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2). (wikipedia.org)
- The fetal outcomes, the apoptosis in placenta and JEG-3 cells, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (KC), and expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were evaluated. (academic-accelerator.com)
- Upon binding to their G-protein-coupled receptors on the leukocytes, chemokines stimulate the signaling events that cause cytoskeletal rearrangements involved in cell movement, and migration of the cells along chemokine gradients. (genscript.com)
CXCL101
- On the contrary, chemokines, such as CCL21 and ELR − chemokines (CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) inhibit angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation ( 26 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cytokine and chemokine1
- cytokine and chemokine production was evaluated by Bio-Plex ProTM. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytokines and chemokines1
- Tumour-derived LT and tumour-derived LT plus sT increased expression of multiple cytokines and chemokines which resulted in elevated levels of secreted IL-8. (buenavidaestudio.com)
Atypical chemokine1
- We also provide recent findings about the role in cancer of atypical chemokine receptors that could become future targets for immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
Inflammatory3
- PAMPs) and induce the innate immune response by activation of a signaling cascade resulting in the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I IFNs. (biomedcentral.com)
- ELR+ CXC chemokines have been associated with inflammatory arthritis due to their capacity to attract inflammatory cells. (elsevier.com)
- Indeed, the knockdown of CYLD resulted in sustained activation of NF-ĸB in macrophages and enhanced chemokines and inflammatory cytokines production, which in turn enhanced chemotactic migration of neutrophil, monocyte, T lymphocytes, and NK cell. (pubmed.pro)
Receptors expressed2
- Chemokines produced by tumor itself, cancer-associated fibroblasts and infiltrating leukocytes ( 27 , 28 ), through the binding of chemokine receptors expressed by tumor cells, directly promote cancer cell proliferation activating different signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and MAPK/ERK pathway ( 29 - 31 ). (frontiersin.org)
- CXCR1 is one of more than 20 distinct chemokine receptors expressed in human leukocytes. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
Inflammation4
- CXCL6 antibody neutralization prevents lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice in the bleomycin model. (creativebiomart.net)
- Chemokines primarily act to promote leukocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation. (guidetoimmunopharmacology.org)
- In particular, we found that the composition effectively suppressed LPS-activated gene expression of chemokines, including CCL17, CXCL6 and LTB(4) associated with pathways involved in inflammation and apoptosis. (hairloss-research.org)
- Chemokines form nanoparticles with DNA and can superinduce TLR-driven immune inflammation. (peprotech.com)
Induce2
- RNAdjuvant ® was the only one to induce most of the cytokines/chemokines tested with a pronounced Th1 cytokine pattern. (biomedcentral.com)
- Depending on the cell type, chemokines also induce many other types of cellular responses including those related to defense mechanisms, cell proliferation, survival, and development [1][2] . (genscript.com)
Proteins6
- Also, other proteins which involved in the same pathway with CXCL6 were listed below. (creativebiomart.net)
- Some of the functions are cooperated with other proteins, some of the functions could acted by CXCL6 itself. (creativebiomart.net)
- We selected most functions CXCL6 had, and list some proteins which have the same functions with CXCL6. (creativebiomart.net)
- CXCL6 has direct interactions with proteins and molecules. (creativebiomart.net)
- We selected proteins and molecules interacted with CXCL6 here. (creativebiomart.net)
- Chemokines are small proteins best known for their role in controlling the migration of diverse cells, particularly leukocytes. (genscript.com)
Genes2
- The gene for CXCL6 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster with other CXC chemokine genes. (wikipedia.org)
- Polymorphisms of key chemokine genes and survival of non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese. (cdc.gov)
Leukocyte1
- Some chemokines present at tumor site can modify leukocyte activation, for instance CXCL16 acting on CXCR6 induces macrophage polarization toward a pro-tumoral phenotype in solid tumors ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Tumor2
- Both CC and CXC chemokines play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis, essential for tumor growth and metastatic spreading ( 19 , 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
- ELR+ CXC chemokines play a significant function in tumor development and progression in several tumor model systems [8]. (conferencedequebec.org)
CXCL163
- Chemokine CXCL16" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (jefferson.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Chemokine CXCL16" by people in this website by year, and whether "Chemokine CXCL16" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (jefferson.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Chemokine CXCL16" by people in Profiles. (jefferson.edu)
Neutrophilic2
- As its former name suggests, CXCL6 is a chemoattractant for neutrophilic granulocytes. (wikipedia.org)
- To investigate the expression of neutrophilic chemokines and adhesion molecules in bronchial biopsies from patients with stable COPD of different severity (GOLD stages I-IV) compared with age-matched control subjects, smokers with normal lung function and never smokers. (bmj.com)
Expression4
- HIF-1 alpha Plays a Role in the Chemotactic Migration of Hepatocarcinoma Cells Through the Modulation of CXCL6 Expression. (creativebiomart.net)
- The proper movement of immune cells is orchestrated by the spatial and temporal expression of chemokines. (frontiersin.org)
- Fewer studies have investigated the expression of CC chemokines in COPD. (bmj.com)
- Moreover, the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6 (CXCL6), a factor interplayed with BRD4, was increased in hepatic tissues of the patients with liver fibrosis. (figshare.com)
Proliferation1
- Elevated appearance of chemokines and cytokines is connected with cellular proliferation activation of cells motion/chemotaxis and. (buenavidaestudio.com)
Angiogenesis2
- The CXC chemokine family is the unique group of cytokines known for their ability LY2886721 to act within a disparate way in angiogenesis legislation. (conferencedequebec.org)
- Several members from the CXC chemokine are powerful promoters of angiogenesis whereas others inhibit the angiogenic procedure. (conferencedequebec.org)
Pathways1
- CXCL6 involved in several pathways and played different roles in them. (creativebiomart.net)
Human4
- Quantibody ® Human Chemokine Array 1 Kit. (raybiotech.com)
- Detects 40 Human Chemokines. (raybiotech.com)
- History Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8) is a prototype of the ELR+CXC chemokines that play an important role in the promotion and progression of many human cancers including breast cancer. (conferencedequebec.org)
- It was subsequently determined to be a CC chemokine and expressed in more than 100 human diseases. (wikidoc.org)
Chromosome1
- This chemokine has been localized to chromosome 17 in humans. (wikidoc.org)
Migration1
- Chemokine oligomerization in cell signaling and migration. (genscript.com)
Family3
- Chemokines, a large family of cytokines with chemotactic activity, and their cognate receptors are expressed by both cancer and stromal cells. (frontiersin.org)
- Several chemokines of the CXC and CC family are involved in neutrophil chemotaxis. (bmj.com)
- The disparity in angiogenic activity among CXC chemokine family is related to three amino acidity structural domains on the N terminus Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) which exists in angiogenic (i.e. (conferencedequebec.org)
Inhibit1
- Here, we review first attempts to inhibit the chemokine system in cancer as a monotherapy or in combination with canonical or immuno-mediated therapies. (frontiersin.org)
Suggests1
- Conclusions Our study demonstrates an important physiological role for CXCR1/2 signalling in maintaining cartilage homeostasis and suggests that the loss of ELR+ CXC chemokines during cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis contributes to the characteristic loss of chondrocyte phenotypic stability. (elsevier.com)