Chemokine cxcl10. Medical search

A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR4 RECEPTORS. Two isoforms of CXCL12 are produced by alternative mRNA splicing.

A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for B-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR5 RECEPTORS.

A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON and is chemotactic for MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR.

A CXC chemokine that has stimulatory and chemotactic activities towards NEUTROPHILS. It has specificity for CXCR1 RECEPTORS and CXCR2 RECEPTORS.

A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON. It is a chemotactic factor for activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and has specificity for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR.

A CXC chemokine with specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS. It has growth factor activities and is implicated as a oncogenic factor in several tumor types.

An INTEFERON-inducible CXC chemokine that is specific for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR.

Group of chemokines with paired cysteines separated by a different amino acid. CXC chemokines are chemoattractants for neutrophils but not monocytes.

Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

Chemokine receptors that are specific for CXC CHEMOKINES.

A CXC chemokine that is predominantly expressed in EPITHELIAL CELLS. It has specificity for the CXCR2 RECEPTORS and is involved in the recruitment and activation of NEUTROPHILS.

CXCR receptors with specificity for CXCL12 CHEMOKINE. The receptors may play a role in HEMATOPOIESIS regulation and can also function as coreceptors for the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

CXCR receptors that are expressed on the surface of a number of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; NK CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; and a subset of B-LYMPHOCYTES. The receptors are activated by CHEMOKINE CXCL9; CHEMOKINE CXCL10; and CHEMOKINE CXCL11.

Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They can be divided into at least three structural branches: C; (CHEMOKINES, C); CC; (CHEMOKINES, CC); and CXC; (CHEMOKINES, CXC); according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

A CC-type chemokine that is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS; MONOCYTES; and LYMPHOCYTES. It is a potent and selective eosinophil chemotaxin that is stored in and released from PLATELETS and activated T-LYMPHOCYTES. Chemokine CCL5 is specific for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR3 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS. The acronym RANTES refers to Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted.

CXCR receptors isolated initially from BURKITT LYMPHOMA cells. CXCR5 receptors are expressed on mature, recirculating B-LYMPHOCYTES and are specific for CHEMOKINE CXCL13.

High-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and T-LYMPHOCYTES. These receptors also bind several other CXC CHEMOKINES.

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

A CXC chemokine that is synthesized by activated MONOCYTES and NEUTROPHILS. It has specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS and T-LYMPHOCYTES.

The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction.

A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES and a variety of other immune cells. This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards TH2 CELLS and TC2 CELLS.

A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES; and a variety of other immune cells. This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes.

A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. It is synthesized by DENDRITIC CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; KERATINOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.

A large group of structurally diverse cell surface receptors that mediate endocytic uptake of modified LIPOPROTEINS. Scavenger receptors are expressed by MYELOID CELLS and some ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, and were originally characterized based on their ability to bind acetylated LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. They can also bind a variety of other polyanionic ligand. Certain scavenger receptors can internalize micro-organisms as well as apoptotic cells.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards T LYMPHOCYTES and B LYMPHOCYTES.

A CX3C chemokine that is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of cells. The soluble form of chemokine CX3CL1 can be released from cell surface by proteolysis and act as a chemoattractant that may be involved in the extravasation of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. The membrane form of the protein may also play a role in cell adhesion.

Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils.

A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.

Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.

A CXC chemokine that is found in the alpha granules of PLATELETS. The protein has a molecular size of 7800 kDa and can occur as a monomer, a dimer or a tetramer depending upon its concentration in solution. Platelet factor 4 has a high affinity for HEPARIN and is often found complexed with GLYCOPROTEINS such as PROTEIN C.

A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. Chemokine CCL7 has specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR2 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR6 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; and B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a potent chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS.

A CC-type chemokine secreted by activated MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for CCR8 RECEPTORS.

The diffusion or accumulation of neutrophils in tissues or cells in response to a wide variety of substances released at the sites of inflammatory reactions.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. It is constitutively expressed in the skin and may play a role in T-CELL trafficking during cutaneous INFLAMMATION.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; BASOPHILS; and NK CELLS.

CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. They are expressed at high levels in MONOCYTES; tissue MACROPHAGES; NEUTROPHILS; and EOSINOPHILS.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL3; CHEMOKINE CCL4; and CHEMOKINE CCL5. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; and NK CELLS. The CCR5 receptor is used by the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS to infect cells.

A monocyte chemoattractant protein that attracts MONOCYTES; LYMPHOCYTES; BASOPHILS; and EOSINOPHILS. Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Heparin-binding proteins that exhibit a number of inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. Originally identified as secretory products of MACROPHAGES, these chemokines are produced by a variety of cell types including NEUTROPHILS; FIBROBLASTS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS. They likely play a significant role in respiratory tract defenses.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL17 and CHEMOKINE CCL22. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; MAST CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; and NK CELLS.

High-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and BASOPHILS.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL11 and a variety of other CC CHEMOKINES. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; BASOPHILS; and MAST CELLS.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL27. They may play a specialized role in the cutaneous homing of LYMPHOCYTES.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL1. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Cell surface proteins that bind cytokines and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.

Chemokines that are chemoattractants for monocytes. These CC chemokines (cysteines adjacent) number at least three including CHEMOKINE CCL2.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Chemokine receptors that are specific for CC CHEMOKINES.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Group of chemokines with the first two cysteines separated by three amino acids. CX3C chemokines are chemotactic for natural killer cells, monocytes, and activated T-cells.

Chemical substances that attract or repel cells. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, microbial invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract LEUKOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; or other cells to the site of infection or insult.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL20. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Soluble mediators of the immune response that are neither antibodies nor complement. They are produced largely, but not exclusively, by monocytes and macrophages.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Cellular receptors that bind the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. Included are CD4 ANTIGENS, found on T4 lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophages, which bind to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

A blood group consisting mainly of the antigens Fy(a) and Fy(b), determined by allelic genes, the frequency of which varies profoundly in different human groups; amorphic genes are common.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract eosinophils; they may be complement fragments, lymphokines, neutrophil products, histamine or other; the best known is the tetrapeptide ECF-A, released mainly by mast cells.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Proteins that specifically inhibit the growth of new blood vessels (ANGIOGENESIS, PHYSIOLOGIC).

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Specialized tissues that are components of the lymphatic system. They provide fixed locations within the body where a variety of LYMPHOCYTES can form, mature and multiply. The lymphoid tissues are connected by a network of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.

A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

The passage of cells across the layer of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, i.e., the ENDOTHELIUM; or across the layer of EPITHELIAL CELLS, i.e. the EPITHELIUM.

Expression of specific chemokines and chemokine receptors in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients. (1/1046)

Chemokines direct tissue invasion by specific leukocyte populations. Thus, chemokines may play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS), an idiopathic disorder in which the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory reaction is largely restricted to mononuclear phagocytes and T cells. We asked whether specific chemokines were expressed in the CNS during acute demyelinating events by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), whose composition reflects the CNS extracellular space. During MS attacks, we found elevated CSF levels of three chemokines that act toward T cells and mononuclear phagocytes: interferon-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10); monokine induced by interferon-gamma (Mig); and regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). We then investigated whether specific chemokine receptors were expressed by infiltrating cells in demyelinating MS brain lesions and in CSF. CXCR3, an IP-10/Mig receptor, was expressed on lymphocytic cells in virtually every perivascular inflammatory infiltrate in active MS lesions. CCR5, a RANTES receptor, was detected on lymphocytic cells, macrophages, and microglia in actively demyelinating MS brain lesions. Compared with circulating T cells, CSF T cells were significantly enriched for cells expressing CXCR3 or CCR5. Our results imply pathogenic roles for specific chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions in MS and suggest new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. (+info)

The T cell-specific CXC chemokines IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC are expressed by activated human bronchial epithelial cells. (2/1046)

Recruitment of activated T cells to mucosal surfaces, such as the airway epithelium, is important in host defense and for the development of inflammatory diseases at these sites. We therefore asked whether the CXC chemokines IFN-induced protein of 10 kDa (IP-10), monokine induced by IFN-gamma (Mig), and IFN-inducible T-cell alpha-chemoattractant (I-TAC), which specifically chemoattract activated T cells by signaling through the chemokine receptor CXCR3, were inducible in respiratory epithelial cells. The effects of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-gamma (Th1-type cytokine), Th2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13), and dexamethasone were studied in normal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEC) and in two human respiratory epithelial cell lines, A549 and BEAS-2B. We found that IFN-gamma, but not TNF-alpha or IL-1 beta, strongly induced IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC mRNA accumulation mainly in NHBEC and that TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta synergized with IFN-gamma induction in all three cell types. High levels of IP-10 protein (> 800 ng/ml) were detected in supernatants of IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-stimulated NHBEC. Neither dexamethasone nor Th2 cytokines modulated IP-10, Mig, or I-TAC expression. Since IFN-gamma is up-regulated in tuberculosis (TB), using in situ hybridization we studied the expression of IP-10 in the airways of TB patients and found that IP-10 mRNA was expressed in the bronchial epithelium. In addition, IP-10-positive cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly increased in TB patients compared with normal controls. These results show that activated bronchial epithelium is an important source of IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC, which may, in pulmonary diseases such as TB (in which IFN-gamma is highly expressed) play an important role in the recruitment of activated T cells. (+info)

CD40 ligand-CD40 interaction induces chemokines in cervical carcinoma cells in synergism with IFN-gamma. (3/1046)

Cellular immunity plays a major role in controlling human papilloma virus infection and development of cervical carcinoma. Mononuclear cell infiltration possibly due to the action of chemokines becomes prominent in the tumor tissue. In fact, the macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, MCP-1, was detected in cervical squamous cell carcinoma in situ, whereas absent in cultured cells. From this, unknown environmental factors were postulated regulating chemokine expression in vivo. In this study, we show high CD40 expression on cervical carcinoma cells and CD40 ligand (CD40L) staining on attracted T cells in tumor tissue, suggesting a paracrine stimulation mechanism via CD40L-CD40 interactions. We therefore investigated chemokine synthesis in nonmalignant and malignant human papilloma virus-positive cell lines after CD40L exposure. Constitutive expression of MCP-1, MCP-3, RANTES, and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 was almost undetectable in all cell lines tested. CD40L was able to induce MCP-1 production; however, despite much higher CD40 expression in malignant cells, MCP-1 induction was significantly lower compared with nontumorigenic cells. After sensitization with IFN-gamma, another T cell-derived cytokine showing minimal effects on CD40 expression levels, CD40 ligation led to a more than 20-fold MCP-1 induction in carcinoma cell lines. An even stronger effect was observed for IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10. Our study highlights the synergism of T cell-derived mediators such as CD40L and IFN-gamma for chemokine responses in cervical carcinoma cells, helping to understand the chemokine expression patterns observed in vivo. (+info)

Gene expression and production of the monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG), IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), and IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) chemokines by human neutrophils. (4/1046)

Monokine induced by IFN-gamma (MIG), IFN-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), and IFN-gamma-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10) are related members of the CXC chemokine subfamily that bind to a common receptor, CXCR3, and that are produced by different cell types in response to IFN-gamma. We have recently reported that human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) have the capacity to release IP-10. Herein, we show that PMN also have the ability to produce MIG and to express I-TAC mRNA in response to IFN-gamma in combination with either TNF-alpha or LPS. While IFN-gamma, alone or in association with agonists such as fMLP, IL-8, granulocyte (G)-CSF and granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF, failed to influence MIG, IP-10, and I-TAC gene expression, IFN-alpha, in combination with TNF-alpha, LPS, or IL-1beta, resulted in a considerable induction of IP-10 release by neutrophils. Furthermore, IL-10 and IL-4 significantly suppressed the expression of MIG, IP-10, and I-TAC mRNA and the extracellular production of MIG and IP-10 in neutrophils stimulated with IFN-gamma plus either LPS or TNF-alpha. Finally, supernatants harvested from stimulated PMN induced migration and rapid integrin-dependent adhesion of CXCR3-expressing lymphocytes; these activities were significantly reduced by neutralizing anti-MIG and anti-IP-10 Abs, suggesting that they were mediated by MIG and IP-10 present in the supernatants. Since MIG, IP-10, and I-TAC are potent chemoattractants for NK cells and Th1 lymphocytes, the ability of neutrophils to produce these chemokines might contribute not only to the progression and evolution of the inflammatory response, but also to the regulation of the immune response. (+info)

Differential induction of adhesion molecule and chemokine expression by LTalpha3 and LTalphabeta in inflammation elucidates potential mechanisms of mesenteric and peripheral lymph node development. (5/1046)

Lymphotoxin (LT) is a member of the proinflammatory TNF family of cytokines that plays a critical role in the development of lymphoid tissue. It has previously been reported that the presence of the LTalpha transgene under the control of the rat insulin promoter results in inflammation at the sites of transgene expression. LTalpha transgene expression results in expression of the adhesion molecules VCAM, ICAM, peripheral node addressin (a marker of peripheral lymph nodes), and mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule (a marker of mucosal lymphoid tissue, including mesenteric lymph nodes). In this study to determine the mechanisms by which LT promotes inflammation and lymphoid tissue organization, we analyzed the regulation of expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines in LT transgenic mice. The results demonstrate that LTalpha3 induces expression of the adhesion molecules VCAM, ICAM, and mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule as well as the chemokines RANTES, IFN-inducible protein-10, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, while LTalphabeta is required for the induction of peripheral node addressin that may contribute to the recruitment of L-selectinhigh CD44low naive T cells. These data provide candidate mediators of LT-induced inflammation as well as potential mechanisms by which LTalpha and LTalphabeta may differentially promote the development of mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes. (+info)

Early gene expression of NK cell-activating chemokines in mice resistant to Leishmania major. (6/1046)

Susceptibility of mice to Leishmania major is associated with an insufficient NK cell-mediated innate immune response. We analyzed the expression of NK cell-activating chemokines in vivo during the first days of infection in resistant and susceptible mice. The mRNA expression of gamma interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and lymphotactin was upregulated 1 day after infection in the draining lymph nodes of resistant C57BL/6 mice but not in those of susceptible BALB/c mice. In vivo local treatment of BALB/c mice with recombinant IP-10 shortly after infection resulted in an enhanced NK cell activity in the draining lymph node. The data suggest that although the recruitment of NK cells is normal in susceptible mice, the lack of NK cell-activating chemokines is a factor resulting in a suboptimal NK cell-mediated defense. (+info)

Acquisition of selectin binding and peripheral homing properties by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. (7/1046)

Different T cell subsets exhibit distinct capacities to migrate into peripheral sites of inflammation, and this may in part reflect differential expression of homing receptors and chemokine receptors. Using an adoptive transfer approach, we examined the ability of functionally distinct subsets of T cells to home to a peripheral inflammatory site. The data directly demonstrate the inability of naive T cells and the ability of effector cells to home to inflamed peritoneum. Furthermore, interleukin (IL)-12 directs the differentiation of either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells into effector populations that expresses functional E- and P-selectin ligand and that are preferentially recruited into the inflamed peritoneum compared with T cells differentiated in the presence of IL-4. Recruitment can be blocked by anti-E- and -P-selectin antibodies. The presence of antigen in the peritoneum promotes local proliferation of recruited T cells, and significantly amplifies the Th1 polarization of the lymphocytic infiltrate. Preferential recruitment of Th1 cells into the peritoneum is also seen when cytokine response gene 2 (CRG-2)/interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) is used as the sole inflammatory stimulus. We have also found that P-selectin binds only to antigen-specific T cells in draining lymph nodes after immunization, implying that both antigen- and cytokine-mediated signals are required for expression of functional selectin-ligand. (+info)

CCR5(+) and CXCR3(+) T cells are increased in multiple sclerosis and their ligands MIP-1alpha and IP-10 are expressed in demyelinating brain lesions. (8/1046)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-dependent chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The role of chemokines in MS and its different stages is uncertain. Recent data suggest a bias in expression of chemokine receptors by Th1 vs. Th2 cells; human Th1 clones express CXCR3 and CCR5 and Th2 clones express CCR3 and CCR4. Chemokine receptors expressed by Th1 cells may be important in MS, as increased interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) precedes clinical attacks, and IFN-gamma injection induces disease exacerbations. We found CXCR3(+) T cells increased in blood of relapsing-remitting MS, and both CCR5(+) and CXCR3(+) T cells increased in progressive MS compared with controls. Furthermore, peripheral blood CCR5(+) T cells secreted high levels of IFN-gamma. In the brain, the CCR5 ligand, MIP-1alpha, was strongly associated with microglia/macrophages, and the CXCR3 ligand, IP-10, was expressed by astrocytes in MS lesions but not unaffected white matter of control or MS subjects. Areas of plaque formation were infiltrated by CCR5-expressing and, to a lesser extent, CXCR3-expressing cells; Interleukin (IL)-18 and IFN-gamma were expressed in demyelinating lesions. No leukocyte expression of CCR3, CCR4, or six other chemokines, or anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor-beta was observed. Thus, chemokine receptor expression may be used for immunologic staging of MS and potentially for other chronic autoimmune/inflammatory processes such as rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diabetes, or chronic transplant rejection. Furthermore, these results provide a rationale for the use of agents that block CCR5 and/or CXCR3 as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of MS. (+info)

It is closely related to two other CXC chemokines called CXCL10 and CXCL11, whose genes are located near the gene for CXCL9 on ... Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also known as ... Campbell JD, Stinson MJ, Simons FE, Rector ES, HayGlass KT (July 2001). "In vivo stability of human chemokine and chemokine ... Shields PL, Morland CM, Salmon M, Qin S, Hubscher SG, Adams DH (December 1999). "Chemokine and chemokine receptor interactions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL9

2005). "Identification of genes differentially expressed in T cells following stimulation with the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_elongation_regulator_1

... host-derived pro-inflammatory chemokines (e.g. CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CXCL10), platelet-activating factor, and ... stimulates their expression the chemokine receptor, CCR5, to inhibit chemokine signaling, enhances their phagocyte activity, ... CMKLR1 (chemokine receptor-like 1), also termed the ChemR23 or E series resolvin receptor (ERV), is expressed on inflammation- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialized_pro-resolving_mediators

Flares are accompanied by increased serum levels of activated T lymphocyte chemokines (IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9), G-CSF and ... Activated CD4(+)/CD25(+) T-lymphocyte counts correlated negatively with serum concentrations of IP-10/CXCL10, whereas CD4(+)/ ... IP-10/CXCL10) genes. T cell associated genes (CD3, CD8B) are down regulated. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_fever,_aphthous_stomatitis,_pharyngitis_and_adenitis

"Human osteoblasts express functional CXC chemokine receptors 3 and 5: activation by their ligands, CXCL10 and CXCL13, ... is a G protein-coupled seven transmembrane receptor for chemokine CXCL13 (also known as BLC) and belongs to the CXC chemokine ... that could lead to decreased autoimmune response While chemokines and chemokine receptors have been thought to be involved in ... C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CXC-R5) also known as CD185 (cluster of differentiation 185) or Burkitt lymphoma receptor 1 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCR5

It does this by increasing production of interferon gamma, which in turn increases the production of a chemokine called ... inducible protein-10 (IP-10 or CXCL10). IP-10 then mediates this anti-angiogenic effect. Because of its ability to induce ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_12

The main chemokine receptors on these cells are CXCR3A and CCR5. Epithelial cells and keratinocytes are able to recruit TH1 ... cells to sights of infection by releasing the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in response to interferon gamma. Additionally ... CCR5 and CXCR3 are the main chemokine receptors for this cell. Group 1 ILCs Groups 1 ILCs are defined to include ILCs ... TH1 cells are also characterized by the expression of chemokine receptors which allow their movement to sites of inflammation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell-mediated_immunity

... as well as promoting the production of chemokines CXCL10, CXCL9 and CXCL11. These chemokines play an important role in ... The recruitment of more immune cells also occurs and is mediated by the chemokines produced during the inflammatory process. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoediting

... -A binds to the CXC chemokines CXCL9 (MIG), CXCL10 (IP-10), and CXCL11 (I-TAC) whereas CXCR3-B can also bind to CXCL4 in ... Chemokine receptor CXCR3 is a Gαi protein-coupled receptor in the CXC chemokine receptor family. Other names for CXCR3 are G ... Chemokine receptors Chemokine Cluster of differentiation GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000186810 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38 ... "Expression of specific chemokines and chemokine receptors in the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCR3

C-X-C motif chemokine 11 (CXCL11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL11 gene. C-X-C motif chemokine 11 is a ... CXCL9 and CXCL10. CXCL11 is chemotactic for activated T cells. Its gene is located on human chromosome 4 along with many other ... This chemokine elicits its effects on its target cells by interacting with the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR3, with a ... "Entrez Gene: CXCL11 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 11". Cole KE, Strick CA, Paradis TJ, Ogborne KT, Loetscher M, Gladue RP, Lin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL11

Over the past three decades, Luster has been intimately associated with the birth, growth and development of the chemokine ... of this important family of immunoregulatory chemotactic cytokines in health and diseases since his initial discovery of CXCL10 ... His laboratory is interested in defining the roles of chemokines and lipid chemoattractant molecules in autoimmune, allergic, ... According to Google Scholar, Luster's most cited paper, the review "Chemokines-chemotactic cytokines that mediate inflammation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_D._Luster

... and secretion proteins of the chemokine family such as CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 which present direct antimicrobial activity. ... Examples of genes whose DNA virus-triggered expression is stimulated by SNX8 are IFNB1, ISG56, CXCL10 and IL6 (being IFNB1 and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNX8

In addition, SeV triggers the expression of the chemokine interferon-γ inducible protein 10 kDa (CXCL10), which is involved in ... chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10. These molecules activate both CD8+ T cells as well as ... chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10. These molecules activate both CD8+ T cells as well as ... Among the ten most virus-induced mRNAs are IFNα8, IFNα13, IFNβ, IFNλ: (L28α, IL28β, IL29), OASL, CXCL10, CXCL11 and HERC5. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murine_respirovirus

Chemokine ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL5 that bind to chemokine receptors such as CXCR3 and CCR5, Immune suppressive or ... These initiate the following cascade: CXCR3 ligand chemokines (CXCL-9, -10 and -11) are produced in response to activated B ... To illustrate, growth factors and chemokines activated in response to injury are recruited by tumour cells, sustaining chronic ... immunity broadens in the target organ by producing chemokines of the CXCL family that recruit the receptor CXCR3-bearing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologic_Constant_of_Rejection

... particularly chemokines such as CXCL10 and CCL2 (MCP-1) which attract monocytes, natural killer cells, T-lymphocytes, and ... Keratinocytes also modulate the immune system: apart from the above-mentioned antimicrobial peptides and chemokines they are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinocyte

"Anti-CXCL10 Therapeutic Antibody (eldelumab) - Creative Biolabs". www.creativebiolabs.net. Retrieved 2017-03-24. Statement On A ... Eldelumab (alternative identifier BMS-936557) is a fully human monoclonal antibody (type IgG1 kappa) that targets chemokine (C- ... X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10)/Interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) designed for the treatment of Crohn's disease and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldelumab

NG-641: This vector contains four transgenes expressing secreted Interferon alpha, the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and an anti-FAP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enadenotucirev

CroFab Cross-presentation Cross-reactivity Cryptic self epitopes Cryptotope CX3CL1 CX3CR1 CXC chemokine receptors CXCL1 CXCL10 ... Breakthrough infection Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies Bursa of Fabricius C-C chemokine receptor type 6 C-C chemokine ... CD4 CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity CD74 CD94/NKG2 Cell-mediated immunity CELSR1 Central tolerance Chemokine Chemokine ... 7 Calreticulin Cancer immunology Cancer immunoprevention Cancer immunotherapy Cantuzumab ravtansine Cathelicidin CC chemokine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_immunology_articles

The gene for CXCL10 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster among several other CXC chemokines. CXCL10 is secreted by ... C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) also known as Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine ... Booth V, Keizer DW, Kamphuis MB, Clark-Lewis I, Sykes BD (August 2002). "The CXCR3 binding chemokine IP-10/CXCL10: structure ... CXCL10 in plasma is mirrored by intrahepatic CXCL10 mRNA, and both strikingly predict the first days of elimination of HCV RNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL10

Examples are: CXCL-8, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CXCL10. The main function of chemokines is to manage the migration of ... C4-CC chemokines), but a small number of CC chemokines possess six cysteines (C6-CC chemokines). C6-CC chemokines include CCL1 ... The third group of chemokines is known as the C chemokines (or γ chemokines), and is unlike all other chemokines in that it has ... CCL1 for the ligand 1 of the CC-family of chemokines, and CCR1 for its respective receptor. The CC chemokine (or β-chemokine) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokine

Booth V, Keizer DW, Kamphuis MB, Clark-Lewis I, Sykes BD (August 2002). "The CXCR3 binding chemokine IP-10/CXCL10: structure ... CXC chemokine receptors are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CXC chemokine ... However, CXCR6 is more closely related in structure to CC chemokine receptors than to other CXC chemokine receptors. ACKR3 was ... within the chemokine receptor cluster on human chromosome 3p21) and its similarity to other chemokine receptors in its gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXC_chemokine_receptors

"The assignment of chemokine-chemokine receptor pairs: TARC and MIP-1 beta are not ligands for human CC-chemokine receptor 8". ... CXCL10 release by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in HaCaT cell line". Cytokine. 20 (1): 1-6. doi:10.1006/cyto.2002.1965. PMID 12441140 ... They do this by binding to CCR4, a chemokine receptor. CCL17 is one of the few chemokines that are not stored in the body, ... CCL17 (CC chemokine ligand 17) was initially named TARC (thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine) when first isolated in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCL17

Human osteoblasts express functional CXC chemokine receptors 3 and 5: activation by their ligands, CXCL10 and CXCL13, ... Chan C.C., Shen D., Hackett J.J., Buggage R.R., Tuaillon N. Expression of chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR5, and chemokines ... CXCR5, BLR1, CD185, MDR15, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5. ... Gunn M.D., Ngo V.N., Ansel K.M., Ekland E.H., Cyster J.G., Williams L.T. A B-cell-homing chemokine made in lymphoid follicles ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCR5

... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9, scyb9 CXCL10: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, scyb10 CXCL11: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, scyb1 CXCL2: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2, scyb2 CXCL3: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 ... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5, scyb5 CXCL6: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6, scyb6 CXCL7: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 ... scyb3 CXCL4: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4, Platelet factor-4, PF-4, scyb4 CXCL5: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_4

chemokine receptor activity. • receptor activity. • protein binding. • C-C chemokine receptor activity. • C-C chemokine binding ... Chemokine receptor 6 also known as CCR6 is a CC chemokine receptor protein which in humans is encoded by the CCR6 gene.[5] CCR6 ... "Entrez Gene: CCR6 chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 6".. *^ Wang K, Zhang H, Kugathasan S, Annese V, Bradfield JP, Russell RK, ... "Chemokine Receptors: CCR6". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-C_chemokine_receptor_type_6

CXCL10 - chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10". Архивирано из оригинала на датум 20. 04. 2010. Приступљено 17. 07. 2010.. ... Swaminathan (2003). „Crystal structures of oligomeric forms of the IP-10/CXCL10 chemokine.". Structure. 11: 521-32. PMID ... Booth (2002). „The CXCR3 binding chemokine IP-10/CXCL10: structure and receptor interactions.". Biochemistry. 41. PMID 12173928 ... CXCL10, hemokin (C-X-C motiv) ligand 10, ili IP-10[1] je mali citokin iz CXC hemokin familije koji je takođe poznat kao 10 kDa ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL10

CXCL10 and CXCL11 are secreted.[6] ... CC chemokinesEdit. The CC chemokine (or β-chemokine) proteins ... C chemokinesEdit. The third group of chemokines is known as the C chemokines (or γ chemokines), and is unlike all other ... C4-CC chemokines), but a small number of CC chemokines possess six cysteines (C6-CC chemokines). C6-CC chemokines include CCL1 ... CXC chemokinesEdit. The two N-terminal cysteines of CXC chemokines (or α-chemokines) are separated by one amino acid, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokines

Neuronal CXCL10 directs CD8+ T-cell recruitment and control of West Nile virus encephalitis. Klein RS, Lin E, Zhang B, Luster ... In Klein's first author paper in development in 2001, she reported that the chemokine CXC12 and its receptor CXCR4 are ... In 2002, Klein helped discover that deficiency in Chemokine Receptor 2 (CCR2) decreased monocyte recruitment to the CNS which ... Her lab has extensively explored how cytokines and chemokines affect blood brain barrier permeability and her lab has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robyn_S._Klein

It acts at CXCL10. The imidazole derivative thiamazole is a white to matte brown crystalline powder with a characteristic odour ... October 2007). "Methimazole inhibits CXC chemokine ligand 10 secretion in human thyrocytes". J. Endocrinol. 195 (1): 145-55. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiamazole

CXCL1 · CXCL2 · CXCL3 · CXCL4 · CXCL5 · CXCL6 · CXCL7 · CXCL8/IL8 · CXCL9 · CXCL10 · CXCL11 · CXCL12 · CXCL13 · CXCL14 · CXCL15 ... Chemokine. CCL. CCL1 · CCL2 · CCL3 · CCL4 · CCL5 · CCL6 · CCL7 · CCL8 · CCL9 · CCL11 · CCL12 · CCL13 · CCL14 · CCL15 · CCL16 · ...

https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/साँचा:Cytokines

positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production. • positive regulation of JUN kinase activity. • positive ... positive regulation of chemokine production. • cellular extravasation. • negative regulation of lipid storage. • negative ... positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process. • epithelial cell proliferation involved in salivary gland morphogenesis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-alpha

... s are a subset of cytokines that are produced by a type of immune cell known as a lymphocyte.[1] They are protein mediators typically produced by T cells to direct the immune system response by signaling between its cells. Lymphokines have many roles, including the attraction of other immune cells, including macrophages and other lymphocytes, to an infected site and their subsequent activation to prepare them to mount an immune response. Circulating lymphocytes can detect a very small concentration of lymphokine and then move up the concentration gradient towards where the immune response is required. Lymphokines aid B cells to produce antibodies. Important lymphokines secreted by the T helper cell include:[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphokine

C-X-C chemokine receptor activity. • interleukin-8 binding. • G-protein coupled receptor activity. • chemokine receptor ... This name and the corresponding gene symbol IL8RA have been replaced by the HGNC approved name C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 ... "Chemokine Receptors: CXCR1". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical ... chemokine-mediated signaling pathway. • interleukin-8-mediated signaling pathway. • neutrophil degranulation. • chemotaxis. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_alpha

IFN-α, -β and -γ, CXCL10, IL-4, -12 and -18. inhibit cell migration of endothelial cells, downregulate bFGF. ... Bifidobacteria and Salmonella by adding the genes for anti-angiogenic factors such as endostatin or IP10 chemokine and removing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiogenesis_inhibitor

Elevated serum levels of macrophage-derived chemokine and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in autistic children, J ... CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12, CXCL16. ... focus on chemokines and their receptors. Lühikokkuvõte, Crit ...

https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tüümus

"Evidence for a second receptor for prostacyclin on human airway epithelial cells that mediates inhibition of CXCL9 and CXCL10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_receptor

... binds to the death receptors DR4 (TRAIL-RI) and DR5 (TRAIL-RII). The process of apoptosis is caspase-8-dependent. Caspase-8 activates downstream effector caspases including procaspase-3, -6, and -7, leading to activation of specific kinases.[11] TRAIL also binds the receptors DcR1 and DcR2, which do not contain a cytoplasmic domain (DcR1) or contain a truncated death domain (DcR2). DcR1 functions as a TRAIL-neutralizing decoy-receptor. The cytoplasmic domain of DcR2 is functional and activates NFkappaB. In cells expressing DcR2, TRAIL binding therefore activates NFkappaB, leading to transcription of genes known to antagonize the death signaling pathway and/or to promote inflammation. Application of engineered ligands that have variable affinity for different death (DR4 and DR5) and decoy receptors (DCR1 and DCR2) may allow selective targeting of cancer cells by controlling activation of Type 1/Type 2 pathways of cell death and single cell fluctuations. Luminescent iridium complex-peptide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRAIL

... (IL-24) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL24 gene. IL-24 is a cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family of cytokines that signals through two heterodimeric receptors: IL-20R1/IL-20R2 and IL-22R1/IL-20R2. This interleukin is also known as melanoma differentiation-associated 7 (mda-7) due to its discovery as a tumour suppressing protein. IL-24 appears to control in cell survival and proliferation by inducing rapid activation of particular transcription factors called STAT1 and STAT3. This cytokine is predominantly released by activated monocytes, macrophages and T helper 2 (Th2) cells[5] and acts on non-haematopoietic tissues such as skin, lung and reproductive tissues. IL-24 performs important roles in wound healing, arthritis, psoriasis and cancer.[6][7][8] Several studies have shown that cell death occurs in cancer cells/cell lines following exposure to IL-24.[9][10] The gene for IL-24 is located on chromosome 1 in humans.[11] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_24

... as well as chemokine and cytokine production, and expression of adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD154

positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process. • regulation of insulin secretion. • extrinsic apoptotic signaling ... Copeland KF (2006). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines". Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 5 (12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actimmune

... is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term cytokine.[3] Historically, cytokines were associated with hematopoietic (blood and lymph forming) cells and immune system cells (e.g., lymphocytes and tissue cells from spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes). For the circulatory system and bone marrow in which cells can occur in a liquid suspension and not bound up in solid tissue, it makes sense for them to communicate by soluble, circulating protein molecules. However, as different lines of research converged, it became clear that some of the same signaling proteins which the hematopoietic and immune systems use were also being used by all sorts of other cells and tissues, during development and in the mature organism. While growth factor implies a positive effect on cell division, cytokine is a neutral term with respect to whether a molecule affects proliferation. While some cytokines can be growth factors, such as G-CSF and GM-CSF, others have an inhibitory effect on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_factor

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. Protein structure modeling indicated that this cytokine may contain a 12-stranded beta-trefoil structure that is conserved between IL1A (IL-A alpha) and IL1B (IL-1 beta). This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.[8]. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL36B

Katsete põhjal kutsuvad viiruseosakesed nakatunud makrofaagides esile interleukiin-12, IFN-γ ja kemokiinide IP-10/CXCL-10, MCP- ... replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and aberrant induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ...

https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lähis-Ida_äge_respiratoorne_sündroom

Interferon alfa 2b is an antiviral or antineoplastic drug, that was originally discovered in the laboratory of Charles Weissmann at the University of Zurich. It was developed at Biogen, and ultimately marketed by Schering-Plough under the tradename Intron-A. It has been used for a wide range of indications, including viral infections and cancers. This drug is approved around the world for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, hairy cell leukemia, Behçet's disease, chronic myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, follicular lymphoma, carcinoid tumor, mastocytosis and malignant melanoma. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intron_A

4-1BB is a type 2 transmembrane glycoprotein receptor belonging to the TNF superfamily, expressed on activated T Lymphocytes.[1] 4-1BBL (4-1BB ligand) is found on APCs (antigen presenting cells) and binds to 4-1BB. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-1BB_ligand

CXC Chemokines Exhibit Bactericidal Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Matthew A. Crawford, Debra J. ...

https://mbio.asm.org/keyword/chemokine-cxcl10

CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 [Homo sapiens] CXCL10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 [Homo sapiens]. Gene ID:3627 ... CXCL10 an important chemokine associated with cytokine storm in COVID-19 infected patients. Title: CXCL10 an important ... CXCL10provided by HGNC. Official Full Name. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10provided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:10637 ... CXCL10 an important chemokine associated with cytokine storm in COVID-19 infected patients. Zhang N, et al. Eur Rev Med ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3627

Atorvastatin reduces plasma levels of chemokine (CXCL10) in patients with Crohns disease.. Grip O1, Janciauskiene S. ... We investigated plasma levels of chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, CCL11, CCL13, CCL17, CCL22, CCL26, CXCL8, CXCL10) and endothelial ... Atorvastatin Reduces Plasma Levels of Chemokine (CXCL10) in Patients with Crohns Disease ... CXCL10 is a ligand for the CXCR3 receptor, the activation of which results in the recruitment of T lymphocytes and the ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19421322?dopt=Abstract

Here we describe a pathogen-mediated mechanism of evading CXCL10, a chemokine with diverse antimicrobial functions, including T ... Crucially, CXCL10 cleavage impaired T cell chemotaxis in vitro, indicating that cleaved CXCL10 cannot signal through CXCR3. ... Crucially, CXCL10 cleavage impaired T cell chemotaxis in vitro, indicating that cleaved CXCL10 cannot signal through CXCR3. ... but not distantly related chemokines, such as CXCL8 and CCL22. Further characterization demonstrated that CXCL10 cleavage ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00280/full

... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10), Authors: Frank Antonicelli, Philippe Bernard. Published in: Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol ... CXCL10 Mutations. ICGC Data Portal. CXCL10 TCGA Data Portal. CXCL10 Broad Tumor Portal. CXCL10. OASIS Portal. CXCL10 [ Somatic ... CXCL10 [ NCBI-GEO ] CXCL10 [ EBI - ARRAY_EXPRESS ] CXCL10 [ SEEK ] CXCL10 [ MEM ] Gene Expression Viewer (FireBrowse). CXCL10 ... Chemokine_CXC Chemokine_CXC_CS Chemokine_IL8-like_dom CXC_Chemokine_domain Interleukin_8-like_sf ...

http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/GC_CXCL10.html

Background and aims: CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) also known as chemokine interferon γ inducible protein (IP-10) is a CXCR3 ... were genotyped for the CXCL10_89 and for the CXCL10_90 (AD: n=183; GD: n=82) polymorphism within the CXCL10 gene. Additionally ... Chemokine CXCL10 gene polymorphisms in Addisons disease. Dilek Sadet1, Marissa Penna-Martinez1, Alina Kurylowicz3, Jane ... No differences were observed in the genotype-frequencies for CXCL10_90 and CXCL10_89 polymorphisms in Graves disease. ...

https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0016/ea0016P165

CXCL10 is a 10 kDa protein and is also known as Interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10. This ... The CXCR3 receptor also binds the IFN γ inducible chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL11 and the platelet-derived chemokines CXCL4 and ... CXCL10 is a 10 kDa protein and is also known as Interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10. This ... CXCL10 assay is a solid phase enzyme linked immunoassay which has been validated in the laboratory for measurement in human ...

https://www.bioclinica.com/biomarker-services/biomarker-menu/cxcl10-c-x-c-motif-chemokine-10

The CXCL10/CXCR3 Chemokine Pathway is Required for the Generation and Protective Function of Tissue-Resident Memory CD103+CD8+ ... The CXCL10/CXCR3 Chemokine Pathway is Required for the Generation and Protective Function of Tissue-Resident Memory CD103+CD8+ ... Lbachir BenMohamed, Anthony B. Nesburn, Ruchi Srivastava; The CXCL10/CXCR3 Chemokine Pathway is Required for the Generation and ... chemokine specifically in TG and COR rescued the number and promoted the protective function of CD103+CD8+ TRM cells in CXCL10 ...

http://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2640888

The extracellular domain of human CXCL10 (AAH10954.1)(Val22-Pro98) is fused to the N-terminus of the Fc region of human IgG1 ... CXCL10-4341D. Recombinant Dolphin CXCL10 Protein. +Inquiry. CXCL10-01H. Recombinant Human CXCL10 Protein, Myc/DDK-tagged. + ... CXCL10. Synonyms :. CXCL10; chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10; INP10, SCYB10, small inducible cytokine subfamily B (Cys X Cys ... Recombinant Human Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10, HIgG1 Fc-tagged. CXCL10 Related Products By Species ...

https://www.creativebiomart.net/description_397350_12.htm

Targeting the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligand CXCL10 in the Central Nervous System: Potential Therapy for Inflammatory ... Title: Targeting the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligand CXCL10 in the Central Nervous System: Potential Therapy for ... Torben Lykke Sørensen, " Targeting the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligand CXCL10 in the Central Nervous System: Potential ... Keywords:chemokines, chemokine receptors, multiple sclerosis. Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the ...

https://www.eurekaselect.com/62603/article

Chemokine CXCL10 Equivalent Terms Chemokine, CXCL10 , Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 10 , Chemokine IP-10, CXC , CXC Chemokine ... Chemokines ← Chemokines, CXC ← Chemokine CXCL10 2.. Chemicals ← Biological Factors ← Inflammation Mediators ← Chemokines ← ... IP 10 , CXC Chemokine IP-10 , CXCL10 Chemokine , CXCL10, Chemokine , Cytokine IP 10 Protein , Cytokine IP-10 Protein , gammaIP ... Chemokine CXCL10 3.. Chemicals ← Biological Factors ← Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ← Cytokines ← Chemokines ← ...

http://ctdbase.org/detail.go?type=chem&acc=D054357

Key words: chemokines, pregnancy, inflammation, flow cytometry, Rh(o) antigen, genotyping techniques, hemolytic disease of the ... CXCL8 levels were significantly higher (P,0.004) and CXCL9 (P,0.008) and CXCL10 (P,0.003) levels were significantly lower in ... Further studies of serum chemokines and placenta tissue could provide a better understanding of the cells involved in the ... CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL5, and CXCL10 levels were determined from cell culture supernatants by flow cytometry in 46 (30 non- ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00700/full

... chemokines often bind more than one chemokine receptor, and chemokine receptors typically bind more than one class of chemokine ... To detect these chemokines or chemokine receptors, Western blotting was performed using rabbit anti-murine chemokine Abs ( ... CXCL10 and CCL7 mediate O3-induced neutrophilic inflammation. To evaluate the role of the six chemokines up-regulated by O3 in ... This group of chemokines includes CXCL10 (10.6-fold increase, p ≤ 0.01), CCL3 (3.9-fold increase, p ≤ 0.05), and CCL7 (13.1- ...

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/168/2/846?ijkey=11114c5462e86963fe62afbe46c412951626a8e9&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The ... Genes that share phenotypes with CXCL10: view Animal Models for CXCL10 Gene. MGI Knock Outs for CXCL10:. * Cxcl10 Cxcl10,tm1Adl ... Aliases for CXCL10 Gene Aliases for CXCL10 Gene. * C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 2 3 5 ... Summaries for CXCL10 Gene Entrez Gene Summary for CXCL10 Gene. * This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC ...

https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CXCL10

Chemokines are expressed in fresh human EM. Relative mRNA expression levels of CXCL11 (A), CXCL10 (B), and CCL4 (C) were ... Induction of chemokines in EM after treatment with estradiol. Relative mRNA expression levels of CXCL11 (A), CXCL10 (B), CCL7 ( ... Induction of chemokines in EM after treatment with progesterone. Relative mRNA expression levels of CXCL11 (A), CXCL10 (B), ... Chemokine induction is dependent upon estradiol receptor activity. Relative mRNA expression levels of CXCL11 (A), CXCL10 (B), ...

https://www.jimmunol.org/content/173/11/6760?ijkey=0423d9466a72da14ca0f370b58c76f04a43a4df4&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Compare C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, ... Chemokine CC-1, Chemokine CC-3, Small Inducible Cytokine Subfamily A (Cys-Cys) Member 14) ... Chemokine CC-1, Chemokine CC-3, Small Inducible Cytokine Subfamily A (Cys-Cys) Member 14) ... C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well-established antibody-based ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2-2265590/ELISA_Kit/ELISA_C-C_motif_chemokine_ligand_2

Compare X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 ELISA Kits from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, ... X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 ELISA Kits. The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a well-established antibody-based ... Your search returned 394 X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 ELISA Kit across 24 suppliers. ... CXCL10 / IP-10 / CRG-2. *. Detection Range: 7.8 - 500 pg/mL. *. Reactivity: Mouse ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110627/soids/2268420/ELISA_Kit/X-C_motif_chemokine_ligand_2

The Chemokine CXCL10 and the T Cell Connection. CXCL10 or IP-10 (IFN-γ-induced protein of 10 kDa) is a T cell chemokine and ... Chemokine CXCL10 promotes atherogenesis by modulating the local balance of effector and regulatory T cells. Circulation. 2006; ... Differential Chemokine Receptor Usage by Distinct Monocyte Subsets. *The Transmembrane Chemokine CX3CL1 and its Receptor CX3CR1 ... Differential Chemokine Receptor Usage by Distinct Monocyte Subsets. *The Transmembrane Chemokine CX3CL1 and its Receptor CX3CR1 ...

http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/28/11/1897.long

This review will focus on recent murine and human studies that use chemokines as therapeutic anti-cancer vaccine adjuvants. ... Recent discoveries in the many biological roles of chemokines in tumor immunology allow their exploitation in enhancing ... This knowledge, combined with advances in gene therapy and virology, allows researchers to employ chemokines as potential ... was genetically fused to chemokines CCL7, CXCL10 [54] and CCL20 [53]. Immunization with chemokine-sFv protein elicited a T-cell ...

http://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/1/4/444/htm

CXCL10 is a small proinflammatory, proangiogenic, interferon γ- (IFN-γ-) inducible chemokine that has been implicated in the ... 5. C Chemokines. The C chemokines are XCL1 (lymphotactin-α) and XCL2 (lymphotactin-β). The single receptor to which these ... In contrast to its upregulatory action on CXCL10 gene expression, tetrac in the case of other chemokines reviewed here serves ... T. L. Sørensen, F. Sellebjerg, C. V. Jensen, R. M. Strieter, and R. M. Ransohoff, "Chemokines CXCL10 and CCL2: differential ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2016/3147671/

N2 - Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are important regulators of chemokine functions. Among them, the atypical chemokine ... AB - Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are important regulators of chemokine functions. Among them, the atypical chemokine ... Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are important regulators of chemokine functions. Among them, the atypical chemokine ... we identified the inflammatory CXC chemokine CXCL10 as a new strong agonist ligand for ACKR2. CXCL10 is known to play an ...

https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/en/publications/cxcl10-is-an-agonist-of-the-cc-family-chemokine-scavenger-recepto

Introduction The chemokine CXCL10 is produced during infection and inflammation to. Introduction The chemokine CXCL10 is ... Introduction The CXC chemokine CXCL10 (also known as interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)) is produced during periods of ... mice and mice treated with JTP-74057 anti-CXCL10 IgG compared to controls. CXCL10KO mice and mice treated with anti-CXCL10 IgG ... CXCL10 activates the G-protein coupled chemokine receptor CXCR3, an important regulator of natural killer (NK), natural killer ...

http://nu7026.com/introduction-the-chemokine-cxcl10-is-produced-during-infection-and-inflammation-to/

C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), IL-6, TNFα and interleukin 12 p70 subunit (IL12p70) [17]. The induction of pro-inflammatory ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186%2Fs40169-018-0217-2

Higher circulating levels of chemokines CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 in patients with ischemic heart disease.. Safa A1, Rashidinejad ... These results showed that the higher levels of CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 were associated with IHD. The serum levels of chemokines ... The frequency of the GG genotype at SNP rs4508917 in CXCL10 gene was higher, whereas the frequency of the AA genotype at SNP ... The mean serum concentrations of CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 in AMI patients (395.97±21.20Pg/mL, 108.38±10.31Pg/mL and 1852.58± ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/phgHome.action?action=forward&dbsource=huge&id=131083

Chemokine CXCL10 * Chemokines, CXC / antagonists & inhibitors * Chemokines, CXC / biosynthesis * Chemokines, CXC / physiology ... We conclude that CXCL10 plays a critical role in recruitment of T lymphocytes to sites of spinal cord injury, and that a ... Here, we show that the T-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL10 is upregulated after dorsal hemisection injury to the adult ... mammalian spinal cord of C57/BL6 mice, and that antibody neutralization of CXCL10 beginning 1 day prior to injury dramatically ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14637115/?dopt=Abstract

Chemokine CCL2 * Chemokine CXCL10 * Cxcl10 protein, mouse * DNA Primers * Receptors, LDL * Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 ... Aim: prostaglandin E(2), by ligation of its receptor EP4, suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20736236/?dopt=Abstract

Chemokine and chemokine receptor genes such as CXCL10, CCL5, CCL2 and CCR2 constitute a prominent group in the immune signature ... TNF-α and TLR3 ligands are potent inducers of the survival-associated chemokines CXCL10, CCL5 and CCL2. These chemokines ... The three chemokine genes were transcribed in both tumor cells and TIL (FIG. 10, A). Furthermore, when CXCL10 and CCL5 ... These chemokines (CXCL10, CCL5 and CCL2) could recruit immune cells, which display anti-tumor activity reflected by enhanced ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2014/0017227.html

IP-10/CXCL10, I-TAC/CXCL11, LIF, LIGHT/TNFSF14, Lymphotactin/XCL1, MCP-2/CCL8, MCP-3/CCL7, MCP-4/CCL13, MDC/CCL22, MIF, MIP-3,i ... which allows the simultaneous determination of 40 chemokines per sample. The sets consist of the following chemokines: 6Ckine/ ... i,Results.,/i, We showed possible implication of 4 chemokines, that is, HCC-4, I-TAC, MIP-3,i,α,/i,, and TARC in women with ... i,Conclusion.,/i, On the basis of our findings, it seems that the chemokines may play role in the pathogenesis of preterm labor ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2014/185758/

CXCL10. C-X-C motif chemokine 10. EMR1. EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor ...

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_28-1

Humans , Chemokine CXCL10/blood , Zika Virus Infection/complications , Gene Expression , Chemokines/immunology , Zika Virus ... Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Chemokine CXCL10 / Zika Virus Infection Limits: Humans Language: ... Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Chemokine CXCL10 / Zika Virus Infection Limits: Humans Language: ... High-dimensional data analysis further identified CXCL10, a chemokine involved in foetal neuron apoptosis and Guillain-Barré ...

https://search.bvsalud.org/gim/resource/en/biblio-894932

This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (nih.gov)
CXCL10 is a ligand for the CXCR3 receptor, the activation of which results in the recruitment of T lymphocytes and the perpetuation of mucosal inflammation. (nih.gov)
Cytokine cleavage by GP63 demonstrated specificity, as GP63 cleaved CXCL10 and its homologs, which all bind the CXCR3 receptor, but not distantly related chemokines, such as CXCL8 and CCL22. (frontiersin.org)
Crucially, CXCL10 cleavage impaired T cell chemotaxis in vitro , indicating that cleaved CXCL10 cannot signal through CXCR3. (frontiersin.org)
2000). CXCL10 exerts its function through binding to CXCR3 , a seven trans-membrane receptor coupled to G proteins. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
However, three CXCR3 receptor splice variants have been reported, with different properties, resulting in different and divergent CXCL10 biological effects. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
However, NH2-terminal processing of CXCL10 by proteases results in lower affinity with its CXCR3 receptor, whereas truncated proangiogenic chemokine such as CXCL1 and CXCL8 display enhanced activities (Van Damme et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Background and aims: CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) also known as chemokine interferon γ inducible protein (IP-10) is a CXCR3 chemokine belongs to a group of structurally related molecules, that induce the chemotaxis of diverse leukocyte subtypes including activated T-helper 1 lymphocytes, natural killer cells and monocytes. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
The CXCR3 receptor also binds the IFN γ inducible chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL11 and the platelet-derived chemokines CXCL4 and CXCL4L1. (bioclinica.com)
In contrast, UV-B induced virus reactivation in mice deficient for CXCL10, or for CXCR3, led to increased virus shedding and severe recurrent corneal herpetic disease associated with accumulation of dysfunctional/exhausted PD-1 + VISTA + TIGIT + CD8 + T RM cells in TG and cornea (COR). (arvojournals.org)
These findings demonstrate a crucial role of CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway in shaping protective CD103 + CD8 + T RM cell immunity against recurrent ocular herpes. (arvojournals.org)
Targeting the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligand CXCL10 in the Central Nervous System: Potential Therapy for Inflammatory Demyelinating Disease? (eurekaselect.com)
We have also found that uNK cells and blood NK cells express the receptor for CXCL10 and CXCL11, CXCR3, with the highest expression found on uNK cells and CD56 bright blood NK cells. (jimmunol.org)
In this update, we will highlight these recent developments, in particular the identification of components regulating the transcriptional machinery of the proatherogenic chemokine CCL5, distinct roles of its receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in plaque formation and immunobalance, and differential site- and stage-specific effects of T cell-activating chemokines and their receptors, eg, CXCL10 and CXCR3. (ahajournals.org)
CXCL10 is known to play an important role in the infiltration of immune cells into the tumour bed and was previously reported to bind to CXCR3 only. (sdu.dk)
Introduction The chemokine CXCL10 is produced during infection and inflammation to activate the chemokine receptor CXCR3, an important regulator of lymphocyte trafficking and activation. (nu7026.com)
Common variants of chemokine receptor gene CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL10 and CXCL11 associated with vascular permeability of dengue infection in pen. (cdc.gov)
Evidence shows that chemokines CXCL10, CXCL11 and their receptor CXCR3 are involved in severity of dengue, but their genetic association with the susceptibility of vascular leakage during dengue infection has not been reported. (cdc.gov)
We have isolated and identified by differential display analysis 182 differentially expressed cDNAs from CXCR3-transfected Jurkat T cells following treatment with CXCL12 or CXCL10. (biomedcentral.com)
We have previously shown that inflammatory T cells in the joint in JIA are predominantly of an activated memory phenotype and express high levels of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR3, and that this correlates with the highly Th-1 skewed phenotype of synovial T cells, which make high levels of IFNγ [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Requirement of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 for acute allograft rejection. (ebi.ac.uk)
Regulation of pulmonary fibrosis by chemokine receptor CXCR3. (ebi.ac.uk)
Chemokine receptor CXCR3 mediates T cell recruitment and tissue injury in nephrotoxic nephritis in mice. (ebi.ac.uk)
The chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 mark subsets of T cells associated with certain inflammatory reactions. (ebi.ac.uk)
Delayed and deficient dermal maturation in mice lacking the CXCR3 ELR-negative CXC chemokine receptor. (ebi.ac.uk)
CCR3 functional responses are regulated by both CXCR3 and its ligands CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. (ebi.ac.uk)
The CXCR3 binding chemokine IP-10/CXCL10: structure and receptor interactions. (ebi.ac.uk)
Human IP-9: A keratinocyte-derived high affinity CXC-chemokine ligand for the IP-10/Mig receptor (CXCR3). (ebi.ac.uk)
CXCR3 chemokine receptor distribution in normal and inflamed tissues: expression on activated lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and dendritic cells. (ebi.ac.uk)
CXCL10 elicits its effects by binding to the cell surface chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3). (abcam.com)
CXCL10 ( C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10) is a 10 kDa protein and member of the CXC family that acts by binding to CXCR3. (thermofisher.com)
Binding of CXCL10 to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. (thermofisher.com)
T Cells Expressing the Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 Localize to Positive Patch Test Reaction Sites. (harvard.edu)

Inflammatory stimuli, such as TNFα, have also been shown to induce CXCL10 expression (Nestle et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Then determination of the balance between the agonists and the antagonist forms is of interest in monitoring the role of CXCL10 in cancer and inflammatory diseases (Casrouge et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
CXCL10 have been found to be implicated in several diseases, from solid and hematopoietic tumors to inflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders (Van Raemdonck et al. (bioclinica.com)
Chemokines -chemoattractant cytokines - regulate the inflammatory composite of the MS lesion. (eurekaselect.com)
Thus, this study aimed to evaluate levels of inflammatory chemokines in RhD − pregnant women with erythrocyte alloimmunization. (frontiersin.org)
Chemokines are essential to stimulate chemotaxis of leukocytes and initiate inflammatory responses ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Thus, analysis of inflammatory chemokines could provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of maternal erythrocyte alloimmunization. (frontiersin.org)
The 0.8 ppm O 3 up-regulated lung mRNA of CXCL1,2,3 (mouse growth-related oncogene-α and macrophage-inflammatory protein-2), CXCL10 (IFN-γ-inducible protein-10), CCL3 (macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α), CCL7 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-3), and CCL11 (eotaxin) at 0 h postexposure, and expression of CXCL10, CCL3, and CCL7 mRNA was sustained 18 h postexposure. (jimmunol.org)
Chemokines can be located in different vascular cell types, eg, endothelial cells (ECs) but also inflammatory cells and can be detected within atherosclerotic lesions, where they function as messengers to direct leukocytes to sites of inflammation but may also control homeostasis and other activities of emigrated cells. (ahajournals.org)
Chemokines are a group of related chemoattractant peptides that are essential regulators of the immune system, both during homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. (mdpi.com)
Some inflammatory chemokines have proven essential in memory T cell generation [ 3 ]. (mdpi.com)
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine relevant to inflammatory processes in the CNS that are microglia-dependent but also important to normal brain development. (hindawi.com)
The chemokine products of these genes are important to vascularity of the brain, particularly of the choroid plexus, to inflammatory processes in the CNS and, in certain cases, to neuroprotection. (hindawi.com)
We propose that actions of thyroid hormone and hormone analogues on chemokine gene expression contribute to regulation of inflammatory processes in brain and of brain blood vessel formation and maintenance. (hindawi.com)
Among them, the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 (also known as D6) has long been considered as a scavenger of inflammatory chemokines exclusively from the CC family. (sdu.dk)
In this study, by using highly sensitive β‐arrestin recruitment assays based on NanoBiT and NanoBRET technologies, we identified the inflammatory CXC chemokine CXCL10 as a new strong agonist ligand for ACKR2. (sdu.dk)
prostaglandin E(2), by ligation of its receptor EP4, suppresses the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in macrophages in vitro. (nih.gov)
Some chemokines are considered pro- inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection , while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development . (wikipedia.org)
Other chemokines are inflammatory and are released from a wide variety of cells in response to bacterial infection, viruses and agents that cause physical damage such as silica or the urate crystals that occur in gout . (wikipedia.org)
Inflammatory chemokines function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes , recruiting monocytes , neutrophils and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
Certain inflammatory chemokines activate cells to initiate an immune response or promote wound healing . (wikipedia.org)
Functionally distinct subsets of leukocytes express different chemokine receptors: thus, recently activated, effector and memory T cells express high levels of the receptors that bind inflammatory chemokines, thought to facilitate their accumulation at inflammatory sites, compared to naïve cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, an inflammatory component of reperfusion injury was evaluated by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis of candidate chemokines (IP-10, I-TAC, and Mig) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1beta, and IL-10). (biomedsearch.com)
These mutant mice may be useful in studies of Th1-type inflammatory disease, chemokine biology, and T cell priming, proliferation, and trafficking. (jax.org)
Chemokines are involved in the inflammatory response, tumor immune response, proliferation, invasion and metastasis via modulation of various signaling pathways. (spandidos-publications.com)
Chemokines and their receptors were initially thought to allow for an interaction between immune cells and the inflammatory sites ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
for example, CCL20 can act also as pro-inflammatory chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
The main function of chemokines is to manage the migration of leukocytes (homing) in the respective anatomical locations in inflammatory and homeostatic processes. (wikipedia.org)
Inflammatory: inflammatory chemokines are produced in high concentrations during infection or injury and determine the migration of inflammatory leukocytes into the damaged area. (wikipedia.org)
These chemokines also have a more diverse range of functions compared to inflammatory chemokines. (biolegend.com)
In the event of infection, injury, or tissue damage, inflammatory chemokines are often released to address the problem. (biolegend.com)
Many inflammatory chemokines attract a wide variety of cells in both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. (biolegend.com)
Upon sensing the inflammatory chemokine, cells will extravasate from the blood vessel and follow the gradient to its source. (biolegend.com)
In addition, the upregulated ileal genes of the Lactobacillus -dominant calves were related to leukocyte and lymphocyte chemotaxis, the cytokine/chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, and inflammatory responses, while the upregulated ileal genes of the Bacteroides -dominant calves were related to cell adhesion, response to stimulus, cell communication and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. (asm.org)
The Human Inflammatory Protein-10 (Hu IP-10/CXCL10) ELISA quantitates Hu IP-10/CXCL10 in human serum, plasma, saliva, buffered solution, or cell culture medium. (thermofisher.com)
CXCL10 is a pro-inflammatory chemoattractant cytokine that attracts activated T lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
CXCL10 exhibits an angiostatic and an antitumor role that is also involved in Th1 inflammatory diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease and Type 1 diabetes mellitus. (thermofisher.com)
1997). "CCR6, a CC chemokine receptor that interacts with macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha and is highly expressed in human dendritic cells" . (wikipedia.org)
Conclusion This study highlights important inflammatory chemokines involved in regulating neutrophil migration, which may have potential value as therapeutic targets for the treatment of ARDS. (bmj.com)
The monoclonal antibody recognizes human CXCL10, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in a wide variety of processes such as chemotaxis, differentiation, and activation of peripheral immune cells, regulation of cell growth, apoptosis and modulation of angiostatic effects. (cellsciences.com)
Chemokines produced in inflammatory tissues and lead to the accumulation of CCR5 + Tregs in tumor microenvironment ( 2, 8 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Biochemical Analysis of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 (CXCL10) as a Biomarker in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. (nih.gov)
CXCL10 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) also known as Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or small-inducible cytokine B10 is an 8.7 kDa protein that in humans is encoded by the CXCL10 gene. (wikipedia.org)
CXCL10 , hemokin (C-X-C motiv) ligand 10 , ili IP-10 [1] je mali citokin iz CXC hemokin familije koji je takođe poznat kao 10 kDa interferon-gama-inducirani protein (γ-IP10 ili IP-10). (wikipedia.org)
Transcriptional analyses for the expression of inducible forms of NO synthase (iNOS), cytokines, and chemokines revealed that RV virions potentiate the gene expression of iNOS and CXC chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), a major chemoattractant of T helper cell type 1. (asm.org)

In this study, we used an in vitro organ culture system to demonstrate that estradiol induces expression of chemokines CXCL10 and/or CXCL11 within human endometrium in 85% of patient samples tested. (jimmunol.org)
The average increase in gene expression after 10 −9 M estradiol treatment was 8.5-fold for CXCL10 and 7.7-fold for CXCL11 compared with medium alone. (jimmunol.org)
Moreover, our study showed that progesterone induced CXCL10 and CXCL11 expression in 83% of endometrial samples tested. (jimmunol.org)
CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been shown to induce migration of blood NK cells in vitro ( 15 , 16 , 17 ). (jimmunol.org)
Haplotype blocks were constructed for genes CXCL10 and CXCL11 (5 and 7 common variants respectively). (cdc.gov)
Haplotype association tests performed revealed that, "CCCCA" of gene CXCL10 and "AGTTTAC" of CXCL11 were found to be significantly associated with vascular leakage (P=0.0154 and 0.0366 respectively). (cdc.gov)
In summary, our association study further strengthens the evidence of the involvement of CXCL10 and CXCL11 in the pathogenesis of dengue infection. (cdc.gov)
PTB individuals with bilateral or cavitary disease displayed significantly elevated levels of CCL1, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL10 and CXCL11 compared to those with unilateral or non-cavitary disease and also exhibited a significant positive relationship with bacterial burdens. (nature.com)
CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 have proven to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, suggesting an underlining pathophysiological relation between levels of these chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
It is a chemokine receptor that binds CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. (fluidigm.com)

CXCL10 gene, localized on the chromosome 4 at band q21, was originally described in 1985 by Luster (Luster et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
2006). Multiple alignment sequences of pig, human, mouse, goat and sheep of CXCL10 gene product shows 86, 74, 72, 82 and 83% of homology respectively (Yang et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Therefore, we investigated the role of CXCL10 gene polymorphisms in patients with Addison s disease (AD) and in patients with Graves disease (GD). (endocrine-abstracts.org)
n =82) polymorphism within the CXCL10 gene. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Conclusion: CXCL10_89 gene polymorphism was significantly associated with Addison s disease in the German population but not with Graves disease. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Our results point out that CXCL10 could be a candidate gene in the pathogenesis of Addison s disease. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include signaling receptor binding and chemokine activity . (genecards.org)
We observed that a specific estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI182780) was able to prevent chemokine gene induction, indicating that the effect of estradiol was receptor mediated. (jimmunol.org)
This knowledge, combined with advances in gene therapy and virology, allows researchers to employ chemokines as potential vaccine adjuvants. (mdpi.com)
The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3921 located in the 3'-untranslated region of the CXCL10 gene has been reportedly associated with acute GVHD and with invasive aspergillosis after allogenic stem-cell transplantation. (ashpublications.org)
Together, these results provide insight into chemokine-induced gene activation and identify potentially novel functions for known genes in chemokine biology. (biomedcentral.com)
The gene for CXCL10 is located on human chromosome 4 in a cluster among several other CXC chemokines. (wikipedia.org)
Chemokine receptor 6 also known as CCR6 is a CC chemokine receptor protein which in humans is encoded by the CCR6 gene . (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a G protein-coupled receptor with selectivity for three chemokines, termed IP10 (interferon-g-inducible 10 kDa protein), Mig (monokine induced by interferon-g) and I-TAC (interferon-inducible T cell a-chemoattractant). (fishersci.com)

Mϕ play a crucial role in human host defense by secreting cytokines and chemokines, presenting antigen to T lymphocytes and clearing infectious agents. (pnas.org)
Once at the site of injury, immune cells can react by releasing additional cytokines and chemokines, bringing more cells into the fold. (biolegend.com)
Cytokines and chemokines are the primary form of signaling between a wide variety of cells. (prosci-inc.com)
Using antibodies to study cytokines and chemokines has given us a far greater understanding into signaling pathways. (prosci-inc.com)
Macrophages represent an essential part of innate immunity, and the viral infection of macrophages results in the release of multiple proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and chemokines. (asm.org)
A panel of cytokines and chemokines was accessed by enzime-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in the serum of a subgroup of patients with and without leprosy reactions. (scielo.br)
All together our data points that the tested TLR markers may have a regulatory role in the immunity against Mycobacterium leprae, by driving the host's production of key cytokines and chemokines involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. (scielo.br)
These events are mediated via the generation of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. (ahajournals.org)

For example, in addition to chemotaxis, chemokines modulate lymphocyte development, priming and effector function [ 2 ] and play a critical role in immune surveillance. (mdpi.com)
In addition to being known for mediating chemotaxis, chemokines are all approximately 8-10 kilodaltons in mass and have four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, the potential application of chemokines in chemotaxis of exosomes as drug vehicles is discussed. (spandidos-publications.com)
Exosomes containing chemokines or expressing receptors for chemokines may improve chemotaxis to HCC and may thus be exploited for targeted drug delivery. (spandidos-publications.com)
Upon secretion, CXCL10 is cleaved into an 8.7kD biologically active protein to function in chemotaxis for T-cells, NK cells, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. (abcam.com)
Chemokines are a class of cytokines that induce chemotaxis (migration) of target cells. (biolegend.com)
While some chemotaxis is induced by inflammation or damaged cells, other chemokines function in homeostasis. (biolegend.com)
Neutrophil chemotaxis to ARDS BAL fluid was evaluated and the contribution of each was assessed and compared with chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8). (bmj.com)
Both CCL2 and CCL7 contribute to neutrophil chemotaxis during ARDS by synergising with chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8. (bmj.com)

CXCL8, CXCL9, CCL5, and CXCL10 levels were determined from cell culture supernatants by flow cytometry in 46 (30 non-alloimmunized RhD − and 16 previously alloimmunized RhD − ) pregnant women. (frontiersin.org)
The role of the CC chemokine ligand-5 (CCL5/RANTES) and its receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in atherosclerosis have been addressed in a number of studies. (ahajournals.org)
This study focuses upon three chemokines, namely CCL5, CXCL10 and CCL3, which are potential novel therapeutic targets in arthritis. (biomedcentral.com)
All three of these chemokines are highly expressed at the level of mRNA, with the most significant increase in mRNA levels being demonstrated for CCL5 when compared with matched peripheral blood samples and controls. (biomedcentral.com)
Levels of mRNAs for CCL2, CCL3L1, CCL4, CXCL10, CCR1 and CCR5 were significantly increased in at least one time point following infection in two experiments and CCL5, CCR9 and CXCR4 mRNA were significantly increased in one of the experiments. (beds.ac.uk)
T helper 1 (Th1) clones, established from the CSF of individuals with IND and from a healthy subject, similarly migrated to CXCL10, CXCL12, and CCL5. (prohealth.com)

2010). CXCL10 mRNA is stabilized by S100b protein binding at the 3'-UTR regions (Shanmugam et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
CXCL10 mRNA was increased by up to 15 fold in infected compared to uninfected pigs. (beds.ac.uk)
CXCL10 in plasma is mirrored by intrahepatic CXCL10 mRNA, and both strikingly predict the first days of elimination of HCV RNA ("first phase decline") during interferon/ribavirin therapy for all HCV genotypes. (wikipedia.org)

PTB individuals exhibited significantly higher levels of CCL1, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL9 and CXCL10 in comparison to LTB and/or HC individuals. (nature.com)

The results showed that greatest fold increases in mRNAs for CXCL10 and CCL2 were observed following infection of pigs. (beds.ac.uk)
ASA treatment also reduced the MDSC-attracting chemokine CCL2 (C-C motif ligand 2) in the TME along with numbers of CD11b + Ly6G hi Ly6C lo granulocytic MDSCs in both the bone marrow and the TME. (aacrjournals.org)
In addition, evaluating the association between different genotypes of the TLR1, 2 and 4 markers and cytokine/chemokine serological levels, IL-17 appears as an immunological marker regulated by the polymorphism of the three TLR genes evaluated, whereas different TLR1 genotypes were associated with differential production of IL-12p40 and MCP-1(CCL2). (scielo.br)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 levels and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4508917, rs6749704 and rs4359426 in chemokine genes in patients with IHD to clarify any association. (cdc.gov)
These chemokine-modulated genes were further verified using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
Following removal of redundant and non-informative clones, seventeen mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed post treatment with either chemokine ligand with several representing known genes with established functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Twenty-one genes were upregulated in these transfected Jurkat cells following both CXCL12 and CXCL10, four genes displayed a discordant response and seven genes were downregulated upon treatment with either chemokine. (biomedcentral.com)

Because the accumulation of Tregs at the tumor site is, in part, due to selective recruitment through CCR5- and CCR5-associated chemokines, we investigated the role of CCR5 in the SCC development. (aacrjournals.org)

Your search returned 1131 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 ELISA ELISA Kit across 31 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Your search returned 394 X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 ELISA Kit across 24 suppliers. (biocompare.com)
Here, the use of the C-C motif chemokine ligand 25 (CCL)25 in comparison to differentiation factors such as transforming growth factor (TGF)β3, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2, BMP7, BMP12, and BMP14 (all in concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ng/mL) was tested in an in vitro micro mass pellet model with isolated and cultivated human AF-cells ( n = 3) to induce and enhance AF-matrix formation. (mdpi.com)

Chemokine receptors can be subdivided into specific families based on their specificity for C, CC, CXC, or CX3C chemokine ligands. (biomedcentral.com)

0.001), CXCL8 ( P = 0.027), CXCL9 ( P = 0.007), and CXCL10 ( P = 0.002) were significantly higher in patients who developed postoperative PVR after primary RRD than in patients with uncomplicated retinal detachment. (arvojournals.org)

However, very little is known about chemokines that orchestrate oxidative stress-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation in vivo. (jimmunol.org)
These findings indicate that CCL7 and CXCL10, two chemokines not previously reported to orchestrate neutrophilic inflammation, play a critical role in mediating oxidative stress-induced neutrophilic airway inflammation. (jimmunol.org)
Introduction The CXC chemokine CXCL10 (also known as interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)) is produced during periods of infection and inflammation in response to type I and type II interferons (IFN) such as IFN/ and IFN, respectively [1-4]. (nu7026.com)
Recruitment of leukocytes is one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chemokines play an important role in the migration of these cells into the inflammation sites. (cdc.gov)

Further studies of serum chemokines and placenta tissue could provide a better understanding of the cells involved in the pathogenesis of maternal erythrocyte alloimmunization. (frontiersin.org)
Conclusions CXCL10 plays a role in the pathogenesis of CLP-induced septic shock and could serve as a therapeutic target during the acute phase of septic shock. (nu7026.com)
On the basis of our findings, it seems that the chemokines may play role in the pathogenesis of preterm labor. (hindawi.com)
Interleukin (IL)-6, a multifunctional cytokine with regulatory functions in wound healing, and several chemokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). (arvojournals.org)

2015. Peripheral blood cells from patients with autoimmune Addison's disease poorly respond to interferons in vitro, despite elevated serum levels of interferon-inducible chemokines. (uib.no)
These cells are recruited into the CSF by inducible chemokines. (prohealth.com)

Chemokines (Greek -kinos , movement) are a family of small cytokines , or signaling proteins secreted by cells . (wikipedia.org)
Cytokine proteins are classified as chemokines according to behavior and structural characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
All of these proteins exert their biological effects by interacting with G protein -linked transmembrane receptors called chemokine receptors , that are selectively found on the surfaces of their target cells. (wikipedia.org)
Chemokines are a class of small molecular proteins with similar structures, functions and chemotactic properties, and their molecular weights are ~10 kDa, and chemokines represent the largest member of the cytokine family ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Chemokines are a family of small cytokines , or proteins secreted by cells . (wikidoc.org)
Proteins are classified as chemokines according to shared structural characteristics such as small size (they are all approximately 8-10 kilodaltons in size), and the presence of four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape. (wikidoc.org)
Proteins are classified into the chemokine family based on their structural characteristics, not just their ability to attract cells. (wikidoc.org)
Typical chemokine proteins are produced as pro-peptides , beginning with a signal peptide of approximately 20 amino acids that gets cleaved from the active (mature) portion of the molecule during the process of its secretion from the cell. (wikidoc.org)
Chemokines are small cytokines, or signaling proteins, secreted by cells. (wikipathways.org)
Proteases, growth factors, chemokines, lipid-binding proteins, and pathogen proteins are among the numerous proteins that bind heparin ( Table ). (ahajournals.org)
Chemokines are a family of small cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells, with a molecular mass between 8 and 10 kDa. (genscript.com)
GenScript offers a comprehensive catalog of chemokine proteins with excellent lot-to-lot consistency, superior activity and significantly low endotoxin levels. (genscript.com)

A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON and is chemotactic for MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. (ctdbase.org)
We conclude that CXCL10 plays a critical role in recruitment of T lymphocytes to sites of spinal cord injury, and that a reduction of T-lymphocyte recruitment significantly enhances tissue preservation and functional outcome. (nih.gov)
Some chemokines control cells of the immune system during processes of immune surveillance, such as directing lymphocytes to the lymph nodes so they can screen for invasion of pathogens by interacting with antigen-presenting cells residing in these tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Flexible programs of chemokine receptor expression on human polarized T helper 1 and 2 lymphocytes. (ebi.ac.uk)
Mig and IP-10: CXC chemokines that target lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
Conversely, these mice or ASA-treated wild-type mice displayed enhanced expression of CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine 10) and infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the TME, consistent with a relief of MDSC-mediated immunosuppression. (aacrjournals.org)
The recruitment of lymphocytes across the blood brain barrier (BBB) is mediated by adhesion molecules and chemokines. (prohealth.com)

These data indicate that sex hormones induce specific chemokines in nonpregnant human endometrium that can activate NK cell migration, and suggest that this mechanism may account for the increased NK cell numbers in endometrium during the menstrual cycle. (jimmunol.org)
CXCL10, also known as interferon gamma inducible protein 10, is a chemokine secreted by several cell types including monocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that plays important roles in the stimulation and migration of natural killer cells and T cells. (ashpublications.org)
The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, migration of T cells under a chemokine gradient into an inflamed site such as the joint in JIA may itself lead to further T cell activation. (biomedcentral.com)
After binding to the receptors, chemokines primarily serve a role in migration of leukocytes, such as monocytes, eosinophils and dendritic cells (DCs) ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Chemokines are functionally divided into two groups: Homeostatic: are constitutively produced in certain tissues and are responsible for basal leukocyte migration. (wikipedia.org)
A major rol of chemokines is to act as chemoattractants in guiding migration of cells. (wikipathways.org)
Binding of chemokines to this protein induces cellular responses that are involved in leukocyte traffic, most notably integrin activation, cytoskeletal changes and chemotactic migration. (fishersci.com)
The chemokines, by virtue of their specific cell receptor expression, can selectively mediate the local recruitment/activation of distinct leukocytes/cells, allowing for migration across the endothelium and beyond the vascular compartment. (ahajournals.org)
A complex chemokine-chemokine receptor interaction is involved with immune cell migration to tumor microenvironment ( 7 ). (aacrjournals.org)

The contribution of the transmembrane chemokines CX 3 CL1 and CXCL16 with their respective receptors CX 3 CR1 and CXCR6 in the recruitment of T cell and monocyte subsets and shear-mediated plaque modulation will be discussed. (ahajournals.org)
Chemokines receptors are seven transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors that allow cells to migrate towards increasing chemokine gradients. (biolegend.com)

Our cytokine and chemokine antibodies are quality controlled and tested in the application such as western blotting, ELISA, IF, IHC, and ICC. (prosci-inc.com)

Furthermore, topical ocular application of a neurotropic AAV8 vector expressing CXCL10, but not CXCL9, chemokine specifically in TG and COR rescued the number and promoted the protective function of CD103 + CD8 + T RM cells in CXCL10 −/− deficient mice. (arvojournals.org)
To identify these chemokines, three groups of BALB/c mice were exposed to sham air, 0.2 ppm O 3 , or 0.8 ppm O 3 for 6 h. (jimmunol.org)
mice and mice treated with JTP-74057 anti-CXCL10 IgG compared to controls. (nu7026.com)
CXCL10KO mice and mice treated with anti-CXCL10 IgG showed attenuated hypothermia, lower concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2) in plasma and lessened natural killer (NK) cell JTP-74057 activation compared to control mice. (nu7026.com)
Compared to control mice, bacterial burden in blood and lungs was lower in CXCL10-deficient mice but not in mice treated with anti-CXCL10 IgG. (nu7026.com)
Treatment of mice with anti-CXCL10 IgG plus fluids and Primaxin at 2 or 6?hours after CLP significantly improved survival compared to mice treated with non-specific IgG under the same conditions. (nu7026.com)
Here, we show that the T-lymphocyte chemoattractant CXCL10 is upregulated after dorsal hemisection injury to the adult mammalian spinal cord of C57/BL6 mice, and that antibody neutralization of CXCL10 beginning 1 day prior to injury dramatically reduces the T-lymphocyte invasion that normally occurs after trauma. (nih.gov)
Homozygous Cxcl10 tm1Adl mice exhibit defective T cell responses, including impaired proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion following antigenic challenge. (jax.org)
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from Camkk2 −/− mice expressed higher levels of chemokines involved in the recruitment of effector T cells compared to WT. (nature.com)
Finally, Cxcl10 -deficient mice exhibited reduced CTL infiltration of tumors, establishing that CXCL10 limited this pathway of immunosuppression. (aacrjournals.org)
While anti-PD-1 did not reduce the number of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells present in tumor-bearing mice, we found that it increased expression of IFN-γ and CXCL10 at the tumor site. (aacrjournals.org)

CXCL10 belongs to the CXC subfamily chemokine containing a single and variable amino acid between the two first of four highly conserved cysteine residues. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Chemokines belong to a large group of structurally related and secretable, largely basic, chemotactic cytokines, which can be divided into 4 families (CC, CXC, CX 3 C, XC) based on the position of the first 2 cysteine residues. (ahajournals.org)
To date, >50 chemokines have been found, which can be divided into four families: CXC, CX3C, CC and XC, according to the different positions of the conserved N‑terminal cysteine residues. (spandidos-publications.com)
50 chemokines have been identified, which can be divided into four families: CXC, CX3C, CC and XC, based on the different positions of the conserved N-terminal cysteine residues ( 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
All chemokines share a typical Greek key structure that is stabilised by disulphide bonds between conserved cysteine residues. (wikidoc.org)
Intramolecular disulphide bonds typically join the first to third, and the second to fourth cysteine residues, numbered as they appear in the protein sequence of the chemokine. (wikidoc.org)
IP10, Mig and I-TAC belong to the structural subfamily of CXC chemokines, in which a single amino acid residue separates the first two of four highly conserved Cys residues. (fishersci.com)
Members of the chemokine family are divided into four groups depending on the location of their first two cysteine residues. (genscript.com)

Infection with L. major in a human monocyte cell line induced robust CXCL10 transcription without increasing extracellular CXCL10 protein concentrations. (frontiersin.org)
Large concentrations of CXCL10 can be found in peritoneal lavage plasma and liquid during CLP-induced septic shock [11]. (nu7026.com)
The increased concentrations of CXCL10 parallel the trafficking of NK cells into the inflamed and infected peritoneal cavity. (nu7026.com)
Furthermore, high CXCL10 concentrations correlate with the development of physiologic death and dysfunction in the CLP model JTP-74057 of sepsis [11]. (nu7026.com)
In clinical research, plasma CXCL10 concentrations are markedly raised in septic individuals and plasma CXCL10 concentrations correlate with the severe nature of sepsis in human beings [4,13,14]. (nu7026.com)
These results showed that the mean concentrations of CXCL10 in H. pylori-infected-PU patients was lower than AS carriers and control group . (bvsalud.org)
Attracted cells move toward areas of higher concentrations of the chemokine. (biolegend.com)

Recent discoveries in the many biological roles of chemokines in tumor immunology allow their exploitation in enhancing recruitment of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and effector cells to appropriate anatomical sites. (mdpi.com)
Thus, chemokines and their receptors directly or indirectly shape the tumor cell microenvironment, and regulate the biological behavior of the tumor. (spandidos-publications.com)
Lung metastases deplete certain kinds of chemokines from their local environment, which means the signal that should attract beneficial white blood cells to fight the tumor is gone," said Anvay Ukidve, another researcher involved in the study. (medgadget.com)
We hypothesized that providing that chemokine signal at the tumor site could help restore the body's normal immune response and enable it to attack the tumors. (medgadget.com)
Taken together, our results imply that blocking the PD-1 pathway can increase IFN-γ at the tumor site, thereby increasing chemokine-dependent trafficking of immune cells into malignant disease sites. (aacrjournals.org)

This pathway was inferred from Mus musculus pathway "Chemokine signaling pathway", WP2292 revision 89521, with a 91.0% conversion rate. (wikipathways.org)
However, it is unknown whether the COX-2 pathway affects chemokine expression profiles that are responsible for MDSC accumulation in the TME. (aacrjournals.org)
Our findings in this study implicate significance of the COX-2 pathway in gliomagenesis through chemokine-mediated immune cell infiltration in the TME. (aacrjournals.org)
We selected most pathways Ccl21c participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. (creativebiomart.net)

Most chemokines bind to more than one receptor, while most receptors also display overlapping ligand specificity [ 5 ]. (mdpi.com)
Chemokines bind to a variety of different receptors, which belong to the G-protein-binding receptor family, and there are ~23 types of chemokine receptors that have been discovered ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Use this table to quickly identify the chemokines that bind to each receptor. (biolegend.com)

CXCL10, CXCL12, and CCL19 were increased in the CSF of individuals with neuroinflammation. (prohealth.com)

In Crohn's disease high tissue expression and serum levels of chemokines and their receptors are known to correlate with disease activity. (nih.gov)

A family of molecules called chemokines coordinate recruitment of the immune cells required to eliminate infection. (frontiersin.org)
employ to suppress host chemokines: a Leishmania- encoded protease cleaves chemokines known to recruit T cells that fight off infection. (frontiersin.org)
The increase of the chemokines concentration could be associated not only with infection but also with the mechanism of labor [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Modulation of the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors in whole blood was compared following infection of pigs with high and low virulence isolates of African swine fever virus. (beds.ac.uk)
Chemokines and their receptors in lymphocyte traffic and HIV infection. (ebi.ac.uk)
Chemokines are felt to play a major role latent TB infection (LTB) as they appear to be critical in the formation and maintenance of quiescent granulomas 4 and in the recruitment of cells from the periphery for positioning within the granuloma 5 . (nature.com)
To decipher the role of chemokines in TB infection and disease, we measured the levels of chemokines in PTB, LTB and HC individuals. (nature.com)

Of the 13 substances investigated, only CXCL10 was found to be significantly reduced (by 34%, p = 0.026) in all of the treated patients. (nih.gov)
The donor CXCL10 genotypes did not significantly influence the transplant outcomes. (ashpublications.org)
Finally, the chemokines were significantly reduced following successful ATT. (nature.com)

While a function of chemokines is to regulate lymphocyte trafficking, the view that chemokines act simply as "chemotactic cytokines" has evolved to include the many critical roles they play in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. (mdpi.com)
Increased levels of CXCL10 may either contribute to the activation of lymphocyte priming toward the Th1 phenotype or induction of T lymphocyte apoptosis. (beds.ac.uk)
Differential expression of three T lymphocyte-activating CXC chemokines by human atheroma-associated cells. (ebi.ac.uk)

Because statins can reduce chemokine expression in patients with coronary diseases, we wanted to test whether this can be achieved in patients with Crohn's disease. (nih.gov)
Since the role of chemokines in atherosclerotic vascular disease has been reviewed in this journal, significant progress has been accomplished in defining the regulation of chemokine expression and function in atherosclerosis. (ahajournals.org)
Alterations in CXCL10 [a Th1 chemokine] expression have been associated with various diseases . (bvsalud.org)
The aim of the study was to analyse the expression and production of these three chemokines within the joints of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) of the oligoarticular and polyarticular subtypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Establishment of the TB granuloma is controlled by the synchronized expression of various chemokines. (nature.com)
CXCL10 is constitutively expressed at low levels in lymph organs, and the expression is highly induced by IFN- gamma and to some extent by IL12. (thermofisher.com)
However, RV stimulation had little or no effect on the expression profiles of proinflammatory cytokines and other types of chemokines. (asm.org)
Chemokine receptor expression on neutrophils from blood or BAL fluid of patients with ARDS was analysed by flow cytometry. (bmj.com)
Furthermore, neutrophils isolated from the blood or BAL fluid differentially regulated the cell surface expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1 and C-C chemokine receptor type 2 during ARDS. (bmj.com)
The expression of activation markers and of chemokine receptors on T cells homing to the nervous system (NS) may help define their functional state. (prohealth.com)

abstract = "Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are important regulators of chemokine functions. (sdu.dk)

In patients with Hashimoto s thyroiditis, type 1 diabetes mellitus and Graves disease high levels of CXCL10 ligand in serum have been found. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
O 3 increased lung protein levels of CXCL10, CCL7, and CCR3 (CCL7R). (jimmunol.org)
Baseline pre-treatment plasma levels of CXCL10 are elevated in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) of genotypes 1 or 4 who do not achieve a sustained viral response (SVR) after completion of antiviral therapy. (wikipedia.org)

IP-10 (CXCL10) in vitro SimpleStep ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit is designed for the quantitative measurement of IP-10 protein in mouse serum, plasma and cell culture supernatants. (abcam.com)

The first two cysteines, in a chemokine, are situated close together near the N-terminal end of the mature protein, with the third cysteine residing in the centre of the molecule and the fourth close to the C-terminal end . (wikidoc.org)

CXCL10 is a secreted protein present in body fluids and in tissues. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
Basal: homeostatic chemokines are basal produced in the thymus and lymphoid tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Homeostatic chemokines are constitutively expressed in particular organs or tissues. (biolegend.com)
Specific chemokine receptors are often required to gain entry (or exit) from certain organs and tissues like the thymus and bone marrow. (biolegend.com)

This review focuses on the present data regarding CXCL10 (previously known as IP-10) and CXRC3 in multiple sclerosis, since consistent data has suggested that this chemokine/chemokine receptor pair has a pivotal role in leukocyte recruitment into the central nervous system (CNS) in multiple sclerosis. (eurekaselect.com)
Chemokines are involved in many biological activities ranging from leukocyte differentiation to neuronal morphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemokines are small secreted chemo-attractant molecules involved in such leukocyte trafficking, as well as playing important roles in lymphoid homeostasis and development [ 6 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Chemokines are a family of small molecular weight cytokines, which are involved in leukocytes stimulation and chemotactic gradient determining. (hindawi.com)
Despite numerous reports describing chemokine function, little is known about the molecular changes induced by cytokines. (biomedcentral.com)
All chemokines are small, with a molecular mass of between 8 and 10 kDa . (wikidoc.org)

Identification of CXCR4 and CXCL10 as Potential Predictive Biomarkers in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). (nih.gov)

The role of up-regulated chemokines was determined by administering control IgG or IgG Abs against six murine chemokines before O 3 exposure. (jimmunol.org)
The considerable leap in insight over recent years leads us to anticipate further advances in comprehending the role of chemokines in atherosclerosis, allowing targeted interventions for its prevention and therapy. (ahajournals.org)
On the other hand, the chemokine system also plays a crucial role in the induction of antitumor immune responses and optimal effector function regulation of immune cells [ 1 , 4 , 5 ]. (mdpi.com)
Overall, our study sheds new light on the complex-ity of the chemokine network and the potential role of CXCL10 regulation by ACKR2 in many phys-iological and pathological processes, including tumour immunology. (sdu.dk)
As well as mediating chemoattraction, chemokines may also play a direct role in the activation of leukocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
The exact role of these chemokines, their correlation with IL-6 after primary RRD, and their association with the future development of PVR are not yet known. (arvojournals.org)
It has been found that chemokines and their receptors serve a pivotal role in HCC progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
Chemokines: a new classification system and their role in immunity. (ebi.ac.uk)
Whether chemokines can perform the same role in PTB is not known. (nature.com)
This study aimed at determining the role of the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2 and CCL7 in ARDS. (bmj.com)
Antibody-mediated depletion of MDSCs delayed glioma growth in association with an increase in CXCL10 and CTLs in the TME, underscoring a critical role for MDSCs in glioma development. (aacrjournals.org)

Higher circulating levels of chemokines CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 in patients with ischemic heart disease. (cdc.gov)
Serum samples from all participants were tested for the CXCL10, CCL20 and CCL22 levels by using ELISA. (cdc.gov)

Magnetic bead-based assays for detecting 46 mouse cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor biomarkers. (bio-rad.com)

NK cells express receptors for specific chemokines and can be induced to migrate in response to several chemokines ( 15 ). (jimmunol.org)

These are known as homeostatic chemokines and are produced and secreted without any need to stimulate their source cell(s). (wikipedia.org)
Due to their function of targeting cells to specific organs, homeostatic chemokines can also be involved in cancer and metastasis. (biolegend.com)

The ELR + CXC chemokines are potent promoter of angiogenesis, whereas the ELR - chemokine, such as CXCL10, display angiostatic properties (Belperio et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
In addition, CXCL10 has antitumor activity through the inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis. (abcam.com)
CXCL10 has been attributed to several roles, such as chemoattraction for monocytes/macrophages, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells, promotion of T cell adhesion to endothelial cells, antitumor activity, and inhibition of bone marrow colony formation and angiogenesis. (wikipedia.org)

1,2 By signaling through G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, chemokines govern a variety of cell responses including cell activation and transmigration in leukocytes, as well as in nonhematopoietic cells. (ahajournals.org)
Chemokine signals are transduced by G-protein coupled receptors, which dissociate to activate diverse downstream pathways resulting in cellular polarization and actin reorganization. (wikipathways.org)