Chemokine cxcl1. Medical search

A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR4 RECEPTORS. Two isoforms of CXCL12 are produced by alternative mRNA splicing.

A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for B-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for CXCR5 RECEPTORS.

A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON and is chemotactic for MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR.

A CXC chemokine that has stimulatory and chemotactic activities towards NEUTROPHILS. It has specificity for CXCR1 RECEPTORS and CXCR2 RECEPTORS.

A CXC chemokine that is induced by GAMMA-INTERFERON. It is a chemotactic factor for activated T-LYMPHOCYTES and has specificity for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR.

A CXC chemokine with specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS. It has growth factor activities and is implicated as a oncogenic factor in several tumor types.

An INTEFERON-inducible CXC chemokine that is specific for the CXCR3 RECEPTOR.

Group of chemokines with paired cysteines separated by a different amino acid. CXC chemokines are chemoattractants for neutrophils but not monocytes.

Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. The receptors are members of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor family. Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

Chemokine receptors that are specific for CXC CHEMOKINES.

A CXC chemokine that is predominantly expressed in EPITHELIAL CELLS. It has specificity for the CXCR2 RECEPTORS and is involved in the recruitment and activation of NEUTROPHILS.

CXCR receptors with specificity for CXCL12 CHEMOKINE. The receptors may play a role in HEMATOPOIESIS regulation and can also function as coreceptors for the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

CXCR receptors that are expressed on the surface of a number of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; NK CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; and a subset of B-LYMPHOCYTES. The receptors are activated by CHEMOKINE CXCL9; CHEMOKINE CXCL10; and CHEMOKINE CXCL11.

Class of pro-inflammatory cytokines that have the ability to attract and activate leukocytes. They can be divided into at least three structural branches: C; (CHEMOKINES, C); CC; (CHEMOKINES, CC); and CXC; (CHEMOKINES, CXC); according to variations in a shared cysteine motif.

A CC-type chemokine that is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS; MONOCYTES; and LYMPHOCYTES. It is a potent and selective eosinophil chemotaxin that is stored in and released from PLATELETS and activated T-LYMPHOCYTES. Chemokine CCL5 is specific for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR3 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS. The acronym RANTES refers to Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted.

CXCR receptors isolated initially from BURKITT LYMPHOMA cells. CXCR5 receptors are expressed on mature, recirculating B-LYMPHOCYTES and are specific for CHEMOKINE CXCL13.

High-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and T-LYMPHOCYTES. These receptors also bind several other CXC CHEMOKINES.

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

A CXC chemokine that is synthesized by activated MONOCYTES and NEUTROPHILS. It has specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS and T-LYMPHOCYTES.

The movement of leukocytes in response to a chemical concentration gradient or to products formed in an immunologic reaction.

A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES and a variety of other immune cells. This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards TH2 CELLS and TC2 CELLS.

A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for NK CELLS; MONOCYTES; and a variety of other immune cells. This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes.

A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. It is synthesized by DENDRITIC CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; KERATINOCYTES; and FIBROBLASTS.

A large group of structurally diverse cell surface receptors that mediate endocytic uptake of modified LIPOPROTEINS. Scavenger receptors are expressed by MYELOID CELLS and some ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, and were originally characterized based on their ability to bind acetylated LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. They can also bind a variety of other polyanionic ligand. Certain scavenger receptors can internalize micro-organisms as well as apoptotic cells.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR7 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards T LYMPHOCYTES and B LYMPHOCYTES.

A CX3C chemokine that is a transmembrane protein found on the surface of cells. The soluble form of chemokine CX3CL1 can be released from cell surface by proteolysis and act as a chemoattractant that may be involved in the extravasation of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. The membrane form of the protein may also play a role in cell adhesion.

Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils.

A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells.

Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The movement of cells or organisms toward or away from a substance in response to its concentration gradient.

A CXC chemokine that is found in the alpha granules of PLATELETS. The protein has a molecular size of 7800 kDa and can occur as a monomer, a dimer or a tetramer depending upon its concentration in solution. Platelet factor 4 has a high affinity for HEPARIN and is often found complexed with GLYCOPROTEINS such as PROTEIN C.

A monocyte chemoattractant protein that has activity towards a broad variety of immune cell types. Chemokine CCL7 has specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS; CCR2 RECEPTORS; and CCR5 RECEPTORS.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR6 RECEPTORS. It has activity towards DENDRITIC CELLS; T-LYMPHOCYTES; and B-LYMPHOCYTES.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a potent chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS.

A CC-type chemokine secreted by activated MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. It has specificity for CCR8 RECEPTORS.

The diffusion or accumulation of neutrophils in tissues or cells in response to a wide variety of substances released at the sites of inflammatory reactions.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. It is constitutively expressed in the skin and may play a role in T-CELL trafficking during cutaneous INFLAMMATION.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; BASOPHILS; and NK CELLS.

CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. They are expressed at high levels in MONOCYTES; tissue MACROPHAGES; NEUTROPHILS; and EOSINOPHILS.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL3; CHEMOKINE CCL4; and CHEMOKINE CCL5. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; MAST CELLS; and NK CELLS. The CCR5 receptor is used by the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS to infect cells.

A monocyte chemoattractant protein that attracts MONOCYTES; LYMPHOCYTES; BASOPHILS; and EOSINOPHILS. Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Heparin-binding proteins that exhibit a number of inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. Originally identified as secretory products of MACROPHAGES, these chemokines are produced by a variety of cell types including NEUTROPHILS; FIBROBLASTS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS. They likely play a significant role in respiratory tract defenses.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL17 and CHEMOKINE CCL22. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; MAST CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; and NK CELLS.

High-affinity G-protein-coupled receptors for INTERLEUKIN-8 present on NEUTROPHILS; MONOCYTES; and BASOPHILS.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL11 and a variety of other CC CHEMOKINES. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; EOSINOPHILS; BASOPHILS; and MAST CELLS.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL27. They may play a specialized role in the cutaneous homing of LYMPHOCYTES.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL1. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and MACROPHAGES.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS. It is a chemoattractant for EOSINOPHILS.

A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.

Cell surface proteins that bind cytokines and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.

Chemokines that are chemoattractants for monocytes. These CC chemokines (cysteines adjacent) number at least three including CHEMOKINE CCL2.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Chemokine receptors that are specific for CC CHEMOKINES.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Group of chemokines with the first two cysteines separated by three amino acids. CX3C chemokines are chemotactic for natural killer cells, monocytes, and activated T-cells.

Chemical substances that attract or repel cells. The concept denotes especially those factors released as a result of tissue injury, microbial invasion, or immunologic activity, that attract LEUKOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; or other cells to the site of infection or insult.

CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL20. They are expressed at high levels in T-LYMPHOCYTES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; and DENDRITIC CELLS.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Soluble mediators of the immune response that are neither antibodies nor complement. They are produced largely, but not exclusively, by monocytes and macrophages.

Large, phagocytic mononuclear leukocytes produced in the vertebrate BONE MARROW and released into the BLOOD; contain a large, oval or somewhat indented nucleus surrounded by voluminous cytoplasm and numerous organelles.

Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Cellular receptors that bind the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS. Included are CD4 ANTIGENS, found on T4 lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophages, which bind to the HIV ENVELOPE PROTEIN GP120.

A blood group consisting mainly of the antigens Fy(a) and Fy(b), determined by allelic genes, the frequency of which varies profoundly in different human groups; amorphic genes are common.

Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as SKIN and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process ANTIGENS, and present them to T-CELLS, thereby stimulating CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. They are different from the non-hematopoietic FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (ANTIBODY PRODUCTION).

Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.

The endogenous compounds that mediate inflammation (AUTACOIDS) and related exogenous compounds including the synthetic prostaglandins (PROSTAGLANDINS, SYNTHETIC).

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Cytotaxins liberated from normal or invading cells that specifically attract eosinophils; they may be complement fragments, lymphokines, neutrophil products, histamine or other; the best known is the tetrapeptide ECF-A, released mainly by mast cells.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.

Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.

Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.

Proteins that specifically inhibit the growth of new blood vessels (ANGIOGENESIS, PHYSIOLOGIC).

Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.

Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.

The capacity of a normal organism to remain unaffected by microorganisms and their toxins. It results from the presence of naturally occurring ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS, constitutional factors such as BODY TEMPERATURE and immediate acting immune cells such as NATURAL KILLER CELLS.

Specialized tissues that are components of the lymphatic system. They provide fixed locations within the body where a variety of LYMPHOCYTES can form, mature and multiply. The lymphoid tissues are connected by a network of LYMPHATIC VESSELS.

A classification of T-lymphocytes, especially into helper/inducer, suppressor/effector, and cytotoxic subsets, based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells.

A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.

A technique of culturing mixed cell types in vitro to allow their synergistic or antagonistic interactions, such as on CELL DIFFERENTIATION or APOPTOSIS. Coculture can be of different types of cells, tissues, or organs from normal or disease states.

The passage of cells across the layer of ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, i.e., the ENDOTHELIUM; or across the layer of EPITHELIAL CELLS, i.e. the EPITHELIUM.

Isolation of novel GRO genes and a phylogenetic analysis of the CXC chemokine subfamily in mammals. (1/757)

Approximately 15 different alpha, or CXC, chemokines have thus far been isolated from 11 species of mammals. Among the best studied chemokines are the 12 human proteins that are encoded by 11 paralogous genes. In order to better understand the evolution and function of this group of genes, we isolated and characterized six novel GRO and GRO-related cDNA sequences from the cow (Bos taurus), the sheep (Ovis aries), the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), and the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). The amino acid sequence of the diverged guinea pig GRO or KC gene is only 50%-60% similar to presumed orthologs from other species, while the sheep and cow GRO proteins are 90%-99% similar to each other. The presence of multiple GRO genes in the cow, the rabbit, and the sheep is consistent with what has been observed for humans. Phylogenetic analyses of amino acid sequences from 44 proteins indicate that genes orthologous to many of the 11 known from humans exist in other species. One such gene, interleukin 8, or IL8, has been isolated from nine species, including the rodent guinea pig; however, this gene is absent in the rat and the mouse, indicating a unique gene loss event in the rat/mouse (muroid rodent) lineage. The KC (or MIP2) gene of rodents appears to be orthologous to the GRO gene found in other taxonomic orders. Combined evidence from different sources suggests that IP10 and MIG share sister taxon relationships on the evolutionary tree, while the remaining paralogous genes represent independent lineages, with limited evidence for kinship between them. This observation indicates that these genes originated nearly contemporaneously via a series of gene duplication events. Relative-rate tests for synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in the KC and IL8 genes did not detect rate heterogeneity; however, there are several notable features regarding the IL8 genes. For example, the IL8 proteins from two Old World monkeys are as similar to one another as they are to the IL8 protein from humans, and all observed nucleotide differences between the IL8 genes of the two monkeys cause amino acid changes; in other words, there are no synonymous differences between them. (+info)

Cutting edge: clustered AU-rich elements are the target of IL-10-mediated mRNA destabilization in mouse macrophages. (2/757)

In the present study we show that IL-10-mediated inhibition of inflammatory gene expression can be mediated by an AU-rich element (ARE) cluster present in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of sensitive genes. A series of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene constructs were prepared in which different fragments from the IL-10-sensitive KC mRNA 3'UTR were placed downstream of the coding region of the reporter gene CAT. CAT mRNA containing the KC 3'UTR was markedly destabilized as compared with the control CAT mRNA, and the decay rate was further increased in cells stimulated with IL-10. The KC 3'UTR contains an ARE cluster and three isolated ARE motifs. The ARE cluster spanning nucleotides 378-399 appeared to be both necessary and sufficient to mediate sensitivity to IL-10 because a 116-nucleotide fragment that contains the cluster conferred sensitivity, while mutation of the sequence between positions 378 and 399 eliminated sensitivity. The destabilizing effect of IL-10 was relatively selective, as the stability of chimeric CAT mRNAs was not modulated in cells treated with IFN-gamma or IL-4. (+info)

Isolation of the CXC chemokines ENA-78, GRO alpha and GRO gamma from tumor cells and leukocytes reveals NH2-terminal heterogeneity. Functional comparison of different natural isoforms. (3/757)

Chemokines are a family of chemotactic peptides affecting leukocyte migration during the inflammatory response. Post-translational modification of chemokines has been shown to affect their biological potency. Here, the isolation and identification of natural isoforms of the neutrophil chemoattractants GRO alpha and GRO gamma and the epithelial-cell-derived neutrophil attractant-78 (ENA-78), is reported. Cultured tumor cells produced predominantly intact chemokine forms, whereas peripheral blood monocytes secreted mainly NH2-terminally truncated forms. The order of neutrophil chemotactic potency of these CXC chemokines was GRO alpha > GRO gamma > ENA-78 both for intact and truncated forms. However, truncated GRO alpha (4,5,6-73), GRO gamma (5-73) and ENA-78(8,9-78) were 30-fold, fivefold and threefold more active than the corresponding intact chemokine. As a consequence, truncated GRO alpha (4,5,6-73) was 300-fold more potent than intact ENA-78 indicating that both the type of chemokine and its mode of processing determine the chemotactic potency. Similar observations were made when intact and truncated GRO alpha, GRO gamma and ENA-78 were compared for their capacity to induce an increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in neutrophilic granulocytes, and to desensitize the calcium response towards the CXC chemokine granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2). It must be concluded that physiological proteolytic cleavage of CXC chemokines in general enhances the inflammatory response, whereas for CC chemokines NH2-terminal processing mostly results in reduced chemotactic potency. (+info)

Elevated constitutive IkappaB kinase activity and IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation in Hs294T melanoma cells lead to increased basal MGSA/GRO-alpha transcription. (4/757)

The basal transcription of the CXC chemokine, melanocyte growth stimulatory activity (MGSA)/growth-regulated protein (GRO)-alpha, is up-regulated in Hs294T melanoma cells compared with the normal retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Previous studies characterized a cytokine-inducible, functional nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB consensus element in the immediate 5' regulatory region of the MGSA/GRO-alpha gene at -78 bp. Although the cytokine-inducible mechanisms for transcription of this gene are fairly well delineated, the mechanisms involved in its basal up-regulation of transcription in Hs294T melanoma cells are poorly understood. Recently, we demonstrated an increased rate of IkappaB-alpha degradation in Hs294T cells, which leads to an increased nuclear localization of NF-kappaB (R. L. Shattuck-Brandt and A. Richmond. Cancer Res., 57: 3032-3039, 1997). Here we demonstrate that Hs294T melanoma cells have elevated basal IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity relative to RPE cells, causing an increased constitutive IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation and degradation. We also show here that the resultant elevated nuclear NF-kappaB (p50/p65) in these cells is responsible for the increased basal transcription of MGSA/GRO-alpha. Pretreatment of Hs294T or RPE cells with proteasome inhibitors MG115 or MG132 captures the slower migrating, constitutively phosphorylated form of IkappaB-alpha in Hs294T melanoma cells, but not in RPE cells. In addition, a phospho-specific antibody that specifically recognizes the inhibitory form of IkappaB that is phosphorylated at Ser-32 reacted with IkappaB-alpha in Hs294T cell, but not in unstimulated RPE cells. Although the basal level of protein expression of IKK-alpha or IKK-beta are the same in both Hs294T and RPE cells, immunoprecipitation with IKK-alpha antibody combined with activity assay reveal a constitutively active IKK complex in Hs294T melanoma cells. Cotransfection of a 350-bp MGSA/GRO-alpha promoter-luciferase reporter construct with either the dominant negative IKK-alpha or the repressors of NF-kappaB, the IkappaB-alpha wild type or mutants lacking the inducible phosphorylation sites, demonstrates that the increased basal MGSA/GRO-alpha transcription in the Hs294T cells is due to the enhanced nuclear activation of NF-kappaB. (+info)

Role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in CXCR2 sequestration, resensitization, and signal transduction. (5/757)

CXCR2 is a seven-transmembrane receptor that transduces intracellular signals in response to the chemokines interleukin-8, melanoma growth-stimulatory activity/growth-regulatory protein, and other ELR motif-containing CXC chemokines by coupling to heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins. In this study, we explored the mechanism responsible for ligand-induced CXCR2 endocytosis. Here, we demonstrate that dynamin, a component of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is essential for CXCR2 endocytosis and resensitization. In HEK293 cells, dynamin I K44A, a dominant-negative mutant of dynamin that inhibits the clathrin-mediated endocytosis, blocks the ligand-stimulated CXCR2 sequestration. Furthermore, co-expression of dynamin I K44A significantly delays dephosphorylation of CXCR2 after ligand stimulation, suggesting that clathrin-mediated endocytosis plays an important role in receptor dephosphorylation and resensitization. In addition, ligand-mediated receptor down-regulation is attenuated when receptor internalization is inhibited by dynamin I K44A. Interestingly, inhibition of receptor endocytosis by dynamin I K44A does not affect the CXCR2-mediated stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Most significantly, our data indicate that the ligand-stimulated receptor endocytosis is required for CXCR2-mediated chemotaxis in HEK293 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that clathrin-mediated CXCR2 internalization is crucial for receptor endocytosis, resensitization, and chemotaxis. (+info)

Mast cell migratory response to interleukin-8 is mediated through interaction with chemokine receptor CXCR2/Interleukin-8RB. (6/757)

To explore the role of chemokines in mast cell chemotaxis and accumulation at sites of inflammation, we first investigated the response of human mast cells to 18 different chemokines by induction of intracellular calcium mobilization in the human mast cell line, HMC-1. Only a subgroup of CXC chemokines defined by the conserved sequence motif glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) tripeptide motif, which included interleukin-8 (IL-8), growth-regulated oncogene alpha (GROalpha), neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (NAP-2), and epithelial cell-derived neutrophil activating peptide-78 (ENA-78), induced calcium flux in the cells. These observations suggested that the receptor CXCR2 (IL-8RB) should be expressed on the surface of these cells. Using the RNAse protection assay, CXCR2 mRNA, but not CXCR1 (IL-8RA) mRNA expression was detected in HMC-1 cells. Flow cytometry analysis documented the surface expression of CXCR2. A binding analysis performed with 125I-IL-8 determined that there were approximately 3,600 high affinity IL-8 binding sites per HMC-1 cell, with a calculated kd of 1.2 to 2 nmol/L. The activity of this receptor was further explored using IL-8, which was found to induce dose-dependent chemotactic and haptotactic responses in both HMC-1 cells and in vitro cultured human cord blood-derived mast cells. These results show the expression of functional CXCR2 receptors on the surface of human mast cells, which may play an important role in mast cell recruitment during the genesis of an inflammatory response. (+info)

Stimulation of peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2 induces MCP-1 and IL-8 gene expression in human promyelocytic cell line HL60. (7/757)

Using the recently developed methodology of nucleic acid microarrays spotted with specific cDNAs probes belonging to different gene families, we showed for the first time that nanomolar concentrations of the cannabinoid ligand CP-55940 upregulated the expression of two different members of the chemokine gene family: the alpha-chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) and the beta-chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), in the promyelocytic cell line HL60 transfected with peripheral cannabinoid receptors (CB2). These genomic modulations observed on large-scale cDNA arrays were first confirmed by Northern blot studies. Furthermore, ELISA evaluations in culture supernatants indicated that the cannabinoid-induced activation of these two chemokine genes was followed by enhanced expression and secretion of the corresponding proteins. These upregulations initially observed in transfected HL60 cells overexpressing CB2 receptors, also occurred in normal non-transfected HL60 cells. The enhancement of IL-8 and MCP-1 gene transcription and protein production was shown to be pertussis toxin sensitive attesting that this phenomenon was a Gi protein-coupled receptor-mediated process as expected for cannabinoid receptors. More specifically, the abolition of the cannabinoid-induced effect by the specific CB2 antagonist SR 144528 indicated a strict peripheral cannabinoid-mediated process. Altogether, our data highlight a possible new function of peripheral cannabinoid receptors in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. (+info)

NF-kappa B-inducing kinase is a common mediator of IL-17-, TNF-alpha-, and IL-1 beta-induced chemokine promoter activation in intestinal epithelial cells. (8/757)

IL-17 expression is restricted to activated T cells, whereas the IL-17R is expressed in a variety of cell types including intestinal epithelial cells. However, the functional responses of intestinal epithelial cells to stimulation with IL-17 are unknown. Moreover, the signal transduction pathways activated by the IL-17R have not been characterized. IL-17 induced NF-kappa B protein-DNA complexes consisting of p65/p50 heterodimers in the rat intestinal epithelial cell line IEC-6. The induction of NF-kappa B correlated with the induction of CXC and CC chemokine mRNA expression in IEC-6 cells. IL-17 acted in a synergistic fashion with IL-1 beta to induce the NF-kappa B site-dependent CINC promoter. Induction of the CINC promoter by IL-17 in IEC-6 cells was TNF receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF6), but not TRAF2, dependent. Furthermore, IL-17 induction of the CINC promoter could be inhibited by kinase-negative mutants of NF-kappa B-inducing kinase and I kappa B kinase-alpha. In addition to activation of the NF-kappa B, IL-17 regulated the activities of extracellular regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases in IEC-6 cells. Whereas the IL-17-mediated activation of extracellular regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases was mediated through ras, c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation was dependent on functional TRAF6. These data suggest that NF-kappa B-inducing kinase serves as the common mediator in the NF-kappa B signaling cascades triggered by IL-17, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta in intestinal epithelial cells. (+info)

... chemokines ligand 2, CCL5, CXC-chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1); as well as macrophage retention factors. Macrophages within the ... The maintenance of foam cells and the subsequent progression of plaque build-up is caused by the secretion of chemokines and ... Foam cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins: IL-1, IL-6; tumour necrosis factor (TNF); chemokines: ... chemokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and growth factors that stimulate modified lipoprotein uptake and vascular smooth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foam_cell

... exists as both monomer and dimer and both forms are able to bind chemokine receptor CXCR2. However, CXCL1 chemokine is ... The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small peptide belonging to the CXC chemokine family that acts as a ... Ravindran A, Sawant KV, Sarmiento J, Navarro J, Rajarathnam K (April 2013). "Chemokine CXCL1 dimer is a potent agonist for the ... This designation is sometimes erroneously believed to be an acronym and defined as "keratinocytes-derived chemokine". Rat CXCL1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL1

Typical inflammatory chemokines include: CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL8. A typical example is CXCL-8, which acts ... C4-CC chemokines), but a small number of CC chemokines possess six cysteines (C6-CC chemokines). C6-CC chemokines include CCL1 ... The third group of chemokines is known as the C chemokines (or γ chemokines), and is unlike all other chemokines in that it has ... CCL1 for the ligand 1 of the CC-family of chemokines, and CCR1 for its respective receptor. The CC chemokine (or β-chemokine) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemokine

... identical in amino acid sequence as a related chemokine, CXCL1. This chemokine is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and is ... Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that is also called ... CXCL2 mobilizes cells by interacting with a cell surface chemokine receptor called CXCR2. CXCL2, like related chemokines, is ... A study was published in 2013 testing the role of CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL1 in the migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXCL2

IL-17F can also induce expression of chemokines, such as CXCL1, CXCL5, interleukin 8, CCL7 and others, thereby promoting ... and TRAF6 as its signal transducers to induce the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in many different ... it can also resist bacteria through production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that attract neutrophils and other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_17F

... such as CXCL1 to CXCL7 bind only CXCR2. They are both expressed on the surface of neutrophils in mammals. CXCR3 is expressed ... CXC chemokine receptors are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CXC chemokine ... However, CXCR6 is more closely related in structure to CC chemokine receptors than to other CXC chemokine receptors. ACKR3 was ... within the chemokine receptor cluster on human chromosome 3p21) and its similarity to other chemokine receptors in its gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXC_chemokine_receptors

... response to Streptococcus pneumoniae by reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and chemokines CXCL1, CCL2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_factor_II_receptor

... chemokines such as CXCL1 and interleukin-8), and wound healing (for example, vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granule_(cell_biology)

Beta-casein CXCL1: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, scyb1 CXCL2: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2, scyb2 CXCL3: chemokine (C-X ... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5, scyb5 CXCL6: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 6, scyb6 CXCL7: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 ... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9, scyb9 CXCL10: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10, scyb10 CXCL11: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ... PPBP, scyb7 CXCL8: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8, interleukin 8 (IL-8), scyb8 CXCL9: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_4

This receptor also binds to chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1/MGSA), a protein with melanoma growth stimulating activity ... Interleukin 8 receptor, beta is a chemokine receptor. IL8RB is also known as CXCR2, and CXCR2 is now the IUPHAR Committee on ... Brandt E, Ludwig A, Petersen F, Flad HD (Oct 2000). "Platelet-derived CXC chemokines: old players in new games". Immunological ... Ahuja SK, Lee JC, Murphy PM (Jan 1996). "CXC chemokines bind to unique sets of selectivity determinants that can function ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_8_receptor,_beta

CR6261 CroFab Cross-presentation Cross-reactivity Cryptic self epitopes Cryptotope CX3CL1 CX3CR1 CXC chemokine receptors CXCL1 ... Breakthrough infection Broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies Bursa of Fabricius C-C chemokine receptor type 6 C-C chemokine ... CD4 CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity CD74 CD94/NKG2 Cell-mediated immunity CELSR1 Central tolerance Chemokine Chemokine ... 7 Calreticulin Cancer immunology Cancer immunoprevention Cancer immunotherapy Cantuzumab ravtansine Cathelicidin CC chemokine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_immunology_articles

CXCL1/CXCL2 and the angiogenic CXC chemokines: Growth related gene alpha (GRO-α) - CXCL1 Platelet factor 4 - CXCL4 ENA-78 - ... It mediates chemokine transcytosis, which leads to apical retention of intact chemokines and more leukocyte migration. Binding ... "Expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors during human renal transplant rejection". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 37 (3): 518-31. ... Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines). The chemokine binding site on the receptor appears to be localised to the amino ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duffy_antigen_system

Psoriatic arthritis patients secrete high levels of immune-regulated cytokines and chemokines. It has been shown that ... CXCL1, CXCL11, and TNFSF15 which all are related to an immune response helping to identify the pathway in which DLE is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_autoimmune_disorders

"Pancreatic Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis Is Regulated by Chemokine-Biased Agonism and Bioenergetic Signaling". Cancer ... The necrosome promotes pancreatic oncogenesis via CXCL1 and Mincle-induced immune suppression. (2016) Nature. 532(7598):245-9. ... Pancreatic Cancer Cell Migration and Metastasis Is Regulated by Chemokine-Biased Agonism and Bioenergetic Signaling. (2015) ... "The necrosome promotes pancreatic oncogenesis via CXCL1 and Mincle-induced immune suppression". Nature. 532 (7598): 245-249. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannielle_Engle

It induces the expression of pro-inflammatory genes such as CXCL-1, CCL2, and IL-1 and inhibits anti-inflammatory genes such as ... This specific population can produce chemokines to mediate the infiltration of neutrophils in an inflammatory response. Dermal ... a pathway responding to chemokines. The infiltration of circulating monocytes can also be triggered through the upregulation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dermal_macrophage

Wang D, Sai J, Richmond A (February 2003). "Cell surface heparan sulfate participates in CXCL1-induced signaling". Biochemistry ... chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1, breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 3, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-G protein- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PAK1

The 2014 Ju-Jitsu World Championship were the 12th edition of the Ju-Jitsu World Championships, and were held in Paris, France from November 28 to November 30, 2014. 28.11.2014 - Men's and Women's Fighting System, Men's and Women's Jiu-Jitsu (ne-waza), Men's Duo System - Classic 29.11.2014 - Men's and Women's Fighting System, Men's and Women's Jiu-Jitsu (ne-waza), Women's Duo System - Classic 30.11.2014 - Men's Jiu-Jitsu (ne-waza), Mixed Duo System - Classic, Team event Vincent MATCZAK (2014-09-30). "4TH INVITAION TO WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP 2014" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-11-28.[dead link] Online results Official results (PDF) Mixed team event results (PDF) (All articles with dead external links, Articles with dead external links from April 2022, Ju-Jitsu World Championships, 2014 in French sport ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Ju-Jitsu_World_Championships

Bolley L. "Bo" Johnson (born November 15, 1951) is an American politician from the state of Florida. A member of the Democratic Party, Johnson was a member of the Florida House of Representatives, and served as the Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives. Johnson is from Milton, Florida. His father and grandfather served as county commissioners for Santa Rosa County, Florida. Johnson graduated from Milton High School, and became the first member of his family to attend college. He received his bachelor's degree from Florida State University. Johnson volunteered for Mallory Horne when Horne served as the president of the Florida Senate. At the age of 22, Johnson met Lawton Chiles, then a member of the United States Senate, who hired him as a legislative aide in 1973. Johnson was elected to the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 4th district from November 7, 1978 to November 3, 1992. He also served the 1st district from November 3, 1992 to November 8, 1994. He became the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolley_Johnson

... may refer to: Don't Say No (Billy Squier album), a 1981 album by American rock singer Billy Squier, and its title track Don't Say No (Seohyun EP), a 2016 extended play by South Korean pop singer Seohyun, and its title track "Don't Say No" (Tom Tom Club song), from the 1988 album Boom Boom Chi Boom Boom "Don't Say No", by Robbie Williams from the 2005 album Intensive Care "Don't Say No Tonight", a 1985 single by Eugene Wilde This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Don't Say No. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. (Disambiguation pages with short descriptions, Short description is different from Wikidata, All article disambiguation pages, All disambiguation pages, Disambiguation pages ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don't_Say_No

The Dewoitine 37 was the first of a family of 1930s French-built monoplane fighter aircraft. The D.37 was a single-seat aircraft of conventional configuration. Its fixed landing gear used a tailskid. The open cockpit was located slightly aft of the parasol wing. The radial engine allowed for a comparatively wide fuselage and cockpit. Design of this machine was by SAF-Avions Dewoitine but owing to over work at that companies plant at the time, manufacture of the D.37/01 was transferred to Lioré et Olivier. They were high-wing monoplanes of all-metal construction with valve head blisters on their engine cowlings. The first prototype flew in October 1931. Flight testing resulted in the need for multiple revisions in both engine and airframe, so it was February 1934 before the second prototype flew. Its performance prompted the French government to order for 28 for the Armée de l'Air and Aéronavale. The Lithuanian government ordered 14 that remained in service with their Air Force until 1936, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewoitine_D.371

The Noor-ul-Ain (Persian: نور العين, lit. 'the light of the eye') is one of the largest pink diamonds in the world, and the centre piece of the tiara of the same name. The diamond is believed to have been recovered from the mines of Golconda, Hyderabad in India. It was first in possession with the nizam Abul Hasan Qutb Shah, later it was given as a peace offering to the Mughal emperor Aurangazeb when he defeated him in a siege. It was brought into the Iranian Imperial collection after the Persian king Nader Shah Afshar looted Delhi in the 18th century.[citation needed] The Noor-ul-Ain is believed to have once formed part of an even larger gem called the Great Table diamond. That larger diamond is thought to have been cut in two, with one section becoming the Noor-ul-Ain and the other the Daria-i-Noor diamond. Both of these pieces are currently part of the Iranian Crown Jewels. The Noor-ul-Ain is the principal diamond mounted in a tiara of the same name made for Iranian Empress Farah ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noor-ul-Ain

The Benoist Land Tractor Type XII was one of the first enclosed cockpit, tractor configuration aircraft built. Benoist used "Model XII" to several aircraft that shared the same basic engine and wing design, but differed in fuselage and control surfaces. The Type XII was a tractor-engined conversion of the model XII headless pusher aircraft that resembled the Curtiss pusher aircraft. Demonstration pilots used Benoist aircraft to demonstrate the first parachute jumps, and the tractor configuration was considered much more suitable for the task. The first example named the "Military Plane" had a small box frame covered fuselage that left the occupants mostly exposed to the wind. The later model XII "Cross Country Plane" had a full fuselage that occupants sat inside of. The first tractor biplane used a wooden fuselage with a small seat on top. The wings were covered with a Goodyear rubberized cloth. The first model XII was built in the spring of 1912. On 1 March 1912, Albert Berry used a headless ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benoist_Land_Tractor_Type_XII

... (also known as Yalmotx in Qʼanjobʼal) is a town, with a population of 17,166 (2018 census), and a municipality in the Guatemalan department of Huehuetenango. It is situated at 1450 metres above sea level. It covers a terrain of 1,174 km². The annual festival is April 29-May 4. Barillas has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy to very heavy rainfall year-round and extremely heavy rainfall from June to August. Citypopulation.de Population of departments and municipalities in Guatemala Citypopulation.de Population of cities & towns in Guatemala "Climate: Barillas". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved July 26, 2020. Muni in Spanish Website of Santa Cruz Barillas Coordinates: 15°48′05″N 91°18′45″W / 15.8014°N 91.3125°W / 15.8014; -91.3125 v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Articles containing Q'anjob'al-language text, Coordinates on Wikidata, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Barillas

Maria Margaret La Primaudaye Pollen (10 April 1838 - c. 1919), known as Minnie, was a decorative arts collector. As Mrs John Hungerford Pollen, she became known during the early-twentieth century as an authority on the history of textiles, publishing Seven Centuries of Lace in 1908. Maria Margaret La Primaudaye was born into a Huguenot family on 10 April 1838, the third child of the Revd Charles John La Primaudaye, a descendant of Pierre de La Primaudaye. She was educated in Italy. Her family converted to Catholicism in 1851, and it was in Rome that her father met another recent English convert, John Hungerford Pollen, previously an Anglican priest and a decorative artist. She became engaged to Pollen, who was then seventeen years her senior, in the summer of 1854, and was married in the church of Woodchester monastery, near Stroud, Gloucester, on 18 September 1855. The Pollens initially settled in Dublin, where John Hungerford Pollen had been offered the professorship of fine arts at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Margaret_Pollen

Ronald Robert Fogleman (born January 27, 1942) is a retired United States Air Force general who served as the 15th Chief of Staff of the Air Force from 1994 to 1997 and as Commanding General of the United States Transportation Command from 1992 to 1994. A 1963 graduate from the United States Air Force Academy, he holds a master's degree in military history and political science from Duke University. A command pilot and a parachutist, he amassed more than 6,800 flying hours in fighter, transport, tanker and rotary wing aircraft. He flew 315 combat missions and logged 806 hours of combat flying in fighter aircraft. Eighty of his missions during the Vietnam War were as a "Misty FAC" in the F-100F Super Sabre at Phù Cát Air Base, South Vietnam between 25 December 1968 and 23 April 1969. Fogleman was shot down in Vietnam in 1968, while piloting an F-100. He was rescued by clinging to an AH-1 Cobra attack helicopter that landed at the crash site. In early assignments he instructed student pilots, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Fogleman

Peachtree Street" is a 1950 song co-written and recorded by Frank Sinatra in a duet with Rosemary Clooney. The song was released as a Columbia Records single. Frank Sinatra co-wrote the song with Leni Mason and Jimmy Saunders. Mason composed the music while Sinatra and Saunders wrote the lyrics. The song was arranged by George Siravo The song was released as an A side Columbia 10" 78 single, Catalog Number 38853, Matrix Number CO-43100-1 and as a 7" 33, 1-669. The B side was the re-issued "This Is the Night." Neither of the songs charted. The subject of the song is a stroll down the street in Atlanta, Georgia of the same name. Sinatra originally intended Dinah Shore to sing the duet with him. When Shore declined, Clooney was asked. The song was recorded on April 8, 1950. The song features spoken asides by Sinatra and Clooney. Rosemary Clooney asks: "Say, Frank, you wanna take a walk?" Frank Sinatra replies: "Sure, sweetie, just pick a street." He noted how there were no peach trees on the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peachtree_Street_(song)

... is a painting by American illustrator Norman Rockwell that depicts a Boy Scout in full uniform standing in front of a waving American flag. It was originally created by Rockwell in 1942 for the 1944 Brown & Bigelow Boy Scout Calendar. The model, Bob Hamilton, won a contest to be in the painting and personally delivered a print to the Vice President of the United States at the time, Henry A. Wallace. The painting was created to encourage Scouts to participate in the war effort during World War II. The name of the painting, We, Too, Have a Job to Do, comes from a slogan that the Boy Scouts of America used in 1942 to rally scouts to support the troops by collecting metal and planting victory gardens. The model, Bob Hamilton, won a contest with his local council in Albany, New York, to be depicted in the painting. He traveled to Rockwell's studio in Arlington, Vermont, to model for Rockwell. Since Hamilton was a scout, the uniform shown in the painting was his, unlike some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We,_Too,_Have_a_Job_to_Do

At least 33[failed verification] people were killed by a fuel tanker explosion in Tleil, Akkar District, Lebanon on 15 August 2021. The disaster was reportedly exacerbated by the ongoing Lebanese liquidity crisis; in which the Lebanese pound has plummeted and fuel has been in short supply. The survivors were evacuated by the Lebanese Red Cross. An investigation is underway. The fuel tanker had been confiscated by the Lebanese Armed Forces from black marketeers, the fuel was then distributed/taken by the locals. The son of the man whose land the fuel tanker was located on, was later arrested, accused of deliberately causing the explosion. Agencies (2021-08-15). "At least 20 killed and 79 injured in fuel tank explosion in Lebanon". the Guardian. Retrieved 2021-08-15. "Lebanon fuel explosion kills 22 and injures dozens more". The Independent. 2021-08-15. Archived from the original on 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2021-08-15. "Lebanon: At least 20 dead and dozens injured after fuel tank explodes as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Akkar_explosion

The Straubing Tigers are a professional men's ice hockey team, based in Straubing, Germany, that competes in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. Straubing plays its home games at the Eisstadion am Pulverturm, which has a capacity of 5,800 spectators. Promoted to the DEL in 2006, and operating with one of the league's smallest budgets, the team could finish no better than twelfth before the 2011-12 DEL season, when it reached the semi-finals of the playoffs. Their greatest success so far is the qualification for the season 2020-21 of the Champions Hockey League. In 1941, the then 14-year-old Max Pielmaier and his friends Max Pellkofer and Harry Poiger founded the first hockey team in Straubing. The first official game took place on the first of February 1942 in Hof and was lost by a score of 0:1. In the following year there were several games against other Bavarian teams. The game against Landshut on 31 January. 1943 was the last game during the second World War, because the young players also had to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straubing_Tigers

Leina is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia. Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Pihtla Parish. "Lisa. Asustusüksuste nimistu" (PDF). haldusreform.fin.ee (in Estonian). Rahandusministeerium. Retrieved 5 December 2017. "Saaremaa külad endiste valdade piires". www.saaremaa.ee (in Estonian). Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017. Coordinates: 58°17′10″N 22°46′26″E / 58.28611°N 22.77389°E / 58.28611; 22.77389 v t e (CS1 Estonian-language sources (et), Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with no map, Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates, Saaremaa Parish, Coordinates on Wikidata, Villages in Saare County, All stub articles, Saare County geography stubs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leina,_Saare_County

Here, we characterized the structural features of histidines in the chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL1 in the free, GAG heparin-bound, ... Here, we characterized the structural features of histidines in the chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL1 in the free, GAG heparin-bound, ... Here, we characterized the structural features of histidines in the chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL1 in the free, GAG heparin-bound, ... Here, we characterized the structural features of histidines in the chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL1 in the free, GAG heparin-bound, ...

https://researchexperts.utmb.edu/en/publications/distinct-differences-in-structural-states-of-conserved-histidines

Targeting CXCL1 chemokine signaling for treating cisplatin ototoxicity. Targeting CXCL1 chemokine signaling for treating ... These results implicate the CXCL1 chemokine as an early player in cisplatin ototoxicity, possibly by initiating the immune ... Increases in CXCL1 was time-dependent in the spiral ganglion neurons and organ of Corti and was associated with progressive ... In this study, we investigated the role of CXCL1, a cytokine which increased in the serum and cochlea by 24 h following ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/brasil/resource/pt/mdl-37063917

Chemokine CXCL1 / metabolism * Dinoprostone / metabolism * Guinea Pigs * Humans * Hyperalgesia / chemically induced * ... LPS and CXCL1/KC as well as neutrophil recruitment and IL-1β production. In addition, DF2755A was able to reduce post- ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26592483/

... and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), CCL2, and CXCL1 ... CXCL-1, IL-6 and TNFα in serum level. In mice administrated with coffee and pyrocatechol, serum levels of CCL2, CXCL-1, IL-6 ... C) The amounts of CCL2, CXCL1, IL-6, and TNFα in supernatants were evaluated 24 h after the LPS stimulation by ELISA. (D) The ... E) The amounts of CCL2, CXCL1, IL-6, and TNFα in supernatants were evaluated 24 h after the LPS stimulation by ELISA. (F) The ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59380-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=970d1222-7b9c-4f10-a5de-fa36a01afc50

... and the chemokine, CXCL1, at 8 h post stroke and further reduced IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α at 23 h post stroke. CXCL1 known as a ... 7). It is noted that chemokine CXCL1, a neutrophil-activating protein, is substantially increased in stroke and significantly ... Chintakuntlawar, A. V. & Chodosh, J. Chemokine CXCL1/KC and its receptor CXCR2 are responsible for neutrophil chemotaxis in ... The cellular source of CXCL1 is not clear; however, the elevated CXCL1 may explain that neutrophils are the first responders ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17930-x?error=cookies_not_supported&code=41f8785a-31df-40d8-8841-fd3529c3439d

Cxc Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) / stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), also known as Cxc Chemokine Ligand 1 (CXCL1), chemokine ... Hillyer P, Mordelet E, Flynn G and Male D: Chemokines, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules on different human endothelia ... Growing evidence suggested that Chemokines and chemokine receptors are crucial regulatory factors in acute lung injury (7). ... Chemokines are a group of cytokines superfamily, which have been classified into 4 subfamilies (CXC, CX3C, CC, and C). ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11273/v1

The chemokine CXC ligand-1 (CXCL-1) is a small cytokine that elicits effects by signalling through the chemokine receptor CXCR2 ... Olesen J, Pedersen BK, Hojman P. Exercise-induced liver chemokine. CXCL-1 expression is linked to muscle-derived interleukin-6 ... After a single bout of exercise, CXCL-1 protein increased in serum(2.4-fold), and CXCL-1 mRNA in muscle (6.5-fold) and liver ( ... Taken together, these data indicate that liver is the main source of serum CXCL-1 during exercise in mice, and that the CXCL-1 ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261325922_Interleukin-6_contributes_to_early_fasting-induced_free_fatty_acid_mobilization_in_mice

Serum Cytokine/Chemokine Levels Cytokine/chemokine values varied both over time and between patient and control groups (Table 3 ... Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine CXCL1 acting through CCR2 levels was lower among patients than controls, suggesting that ... Cytokine/Chemokine Profiling. We studied serum cytokine/chemokine levels from the serum samples collected 8-12, 48-60, and 96- ... Serum Cytokine/Chemokine Differences Based on Time Intervals. Five cytokines/chemokines, IFN-α (p = 0.016), CXCL10 (p = 0.016 ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/29/2/22-0976_article

Free DNA levels correlated with airflow obstruction, fungal colonization, and CXC chemokine levels in CF patients and CF-like ... a) CXCR2 chemokines in BALF from βENaC-transgenic (βENaC-Tg, ) and wild-type (WT, ) mice. Levels of CXCL1 (KC) and CXCL2 (MIP-2 ... Highly increased levels of the CXC chemokines CXCL1 (GRO-alpha), CXCL2 (GRO-beta), and CXCL8 (IL-8) were detected in CF airway ... c) Chemokine levels in sputum supernatants from healthy controls (white, ) or CF patients (grey, ). (d) Correlation of free DNA ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2015/408935/

... murine CXCL1/CXCL2). Neutrophil chemokine induction was reduced in human blood monocytes, human bronchial epithelial cells, and ... Organic dust extracts obtained from swine confinement facilities induced neutrophil chemokine production (human IL-8, ... and CXCL1/CXCL2 release was also decreased in mice fed a relatively high vitamin D diet as compared to mice fed a low vitamin D ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=respiratory&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=250&RecNo=2497&View=f&

Statins affect the presentation of endothelial chemokines by targeting to multivesicular bodies. ... CXCL1)-specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography employing immobilized Human GRO-alpha/MGSA (CXCL1) matrix. ... Immunogen: E.coli derived Recombinant Human GRO-α/MGSA (CXCL1) (PeproTech catalog# 300-11) ... Preparation: Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Human GRO-alpha/MGSA (CXCL1). Anti-Human GRO- ...

https://www.peprotech.com/fr/anti-human-gromgsa

Chemokine CXCL1-mediated neutrophil trafficking in the lung: role of CXCR2 activation. J Innate Immun. 2015;7:647-58. ... After LPS stimulation, we also found increased release of CXCL1, a chemokine shown to be involved in angiogenesis, nociception ... and CXCL1 was observed in Mecp2-null glial cells compared to WT [IL-1β: t(6) = 12.4; IL-6: t(6) = 6.53; CXCL1: t(6) = 60.16; ... with the exception of the chemokine CXCL1 in Mecp2-null glial cells. Free NAC was not effective in most cases even at the ...

https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12974-017-1004-5

CXC chemokine characterized by a Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif preceding the characteristic CXC sequence. CXCL5 chemoattracts and ... LPS-induced CXC chemokine (LIX), granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2), alveolar macrophage chemotactic factor-II (AMCF-II ... CXCL5 induces the increase of CXCL1 and CXCL2 in a model of pulmonary inflammation. Therefore, CXCL5 acts as a regulator of ... Chemokine Distribution Endothelial cells, fibroblasts, monocytes, macrophages, platelets, alveolar type II cells ...

https://www.biolegend.com/en-us/products/ultra-leaf-purified-anti-mouse-cxcl5-lix-antibody-21916

NF-kappaB mediated enhancement of potassium currents by the chemokine CXCL1/growth related oncogene in small diameter rat ... The cytokine growth-related oncogene (GRO/KC; CXCL1) shows strong, rapid upregulation in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in both ... as well as CXCL1-mediated pro-inflammatory increase in potassium currents in adult rat neurons (Yang et al). It does not ...

https://www.stemcell.com/products/qnz.html

1 Chemokine CXCL1 * 1 Chemokines, CXC * 1 Chemotaxis, Leukocyte * 1 Enzyme Inhibitors ...

https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/35223/simple-search?query=&sort_by=score&order=desc&rpp=10&etal=0&filtername=author&filterquery=Bhavsar%2C+P&filtertype=equals&filter_field_%3C%25%3D+filterIdx+%25%3E=author&filter_type_%3C%25%3D+filterIdx+%25%3E=equals&filter_value_%3C%25%3D+filterIdx+%25%3E=Xie%2C+S

Moreover, ß-glucan stimulation induced PD-L1 translocation into nucleus to regulate the production of chemokines CXCL1 and ... through mediating their autocrine secretion of CXCL1/2. Furthermore, neutrophil-specific deficiency of PD-L1 impaired CXCL1/2 ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:%22Wang,%20Rong%22

In the last decades, it is emerging that the chemokine system represents a potential target for immunotherapy. Chemokines, a ... Chemokines, a large family of cytokines with chemotactic activity, and their cognate receptors are expressed by both cancer and ... Here, we review first attempts to inhibit the chemokine system in cancer as a monotherapy or in combination with canonical or ... Here, we review first attempts to inhibit the chemokine system in cancer as a monotherapy or in combination with canonical or ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00379/full

GROA/CXCL1), stromal cell-derived factor 1/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (SDF-1/CXCL12), interleukin (IL) 21, tumor necrosis ... also called CXC chemokine ligand 1 [GROA/CXCL1]) were elevated significantly in CP patients compared with healthy controls. IP- ... 39 The cytokines/chemokines GROA/CXCL1 and IP-10/CXCL10 are also previously detected in the saliva in both oral disease and ... Levels of the chemokines growth-related oncogene alpha and epithelial neutrophil-activating protein 78 are raised in patients ...

https://journals.lww.com/pancreasjournal/Fulltext/2022/08000/Salivary_Biomarker_Evaluation_of_Chronic.3.aspx

Upregulation of chemokine CXCL1/KC by leptospiral membrane lipoprotein preparation in renal tubule epithelial cells. Hung, C. C ...

https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&originalSearch=&improvedLayoutOrganisationUuid=&format=&page=826&ordering=title&descending=false

Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. HN - 2008(1993) BX - CCL8 Chemokine MH - Chemokine CXCL1 ... CCL3 Chemokine BX - CCL3L1 Chemokine BX - CCL3L2 Chemokine BX - CCL3L3 Chemokine BX - Chemokine CCL3L1 BX - Chemokine CCL3L2 BX ... CCL4L1 Chemokine BX - CCL4L2 Chemokine BX - Chemokine CCL4L1 BX - Chemokine CCL4L2 MH - Chemokine CCL11 UI - D054413 MN - ... HN - 2008 BX - CXCL1 Chemokine MH - Chemokine CXCL2 UI - D054426 MN - D12.644.276.374.200.120.100 MN - D12.644.276.374.200.600. ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/dcsnew2008.txt

... and chemokines [e.g., CXC ligand [CXCL]8, CXCL10, and chemokine CC ligand [CCL]20] that contribute to the development of ... CXCL1-3, and CCL20 (Bromley et al, 2008; Kennedy-Crispin et al, 2012; Zaba et al, 2009). However, selective activation of ... Bromley SK, Mempel TR, Luster AD (2008) Orchestrating the orchestrators: chemokines in control of T cell traffic. Nat Immunol 9 ... These T cells in turn secrete mediators (e.g., IL-17a and IL-22) and produce proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and others ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/334433v1.full

... and CXCL1 (p , 0.05, IgG v. Docetaxel), a chemokine secreted by LECs found to induce lymphangiogenesis and metastasis in ... Bioinformatic analysis of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 and SPARC-like protein 1 revealing their associations with drug ... In addition to VEGFC and TNF-α, we found a number of other chemokines and cytokines associated with lymphangiogenesis that were ... Chemokine-mediated migration of melanoma cells towards lymphatics - a mechanism contributing to metastasis. Oncogene. 2007;26: ...

https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-018-4619-8

In addition, the product of;this gene is a potent agonist at CC chemokine receptor 1. Two alternatively spliced variants ... chemokine activity. CCL23; CCL5; CCL14; CXCL13; CXCL5; CCL27B; Ccl9; CXCL1; CXCL20; IL8L2. ... CCL6; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6; C-C motif chemokine 6; C10; CCL 6; Chemokine C C motif Ligand 6; Chemokine C-C motif ... chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6. Background. This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17 ...

https://www.creativebiomart.net/symbolsearch_ccl6.htm

Many studies have implemented this principle by expressing CXCR2 (CXCL1 receptor) and CCR4 (CCL17 receptor) in CAR-T cells. In ... it still remains unclear whether T cell genetic modification and in vitro amplification will affect necessary chemokines or ...

https://www.blogarama.com/health-and-fitness-blogs/1284095-creative-biolabs-blog/21449646-signal-migration-survival-car-cells

Human Chemokine Array 1 Kit. Detects 40 Human Chemokines. Suitable for all liquid sample types. ... CXCL1 , CXCL10 , CXCL11 , CXCL12 , CXCL16 , CXCL2 , CXCL3 , CXCL5 , CXCL6 , IFNL1 , IFNL2 , IL17F , IL18BP , IL31 , IL9 , LIF ... Quantibody® Human Chemokine Array 1 Kit. Detects 40 Human Chemokines. Suitable for all liquid sample types. ...

https://www.raybiotech.com/quantibody-human-chemokine-array-1-1-slide/?variation_id=107882

MacroH2A1 modulates the transcriptional activity of cytokine/chemokine genes such as IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1 and CXCL6 [38], which ... The overall cytokine/chemokine depleted medium of macroH2A1 KD CSC-like cells led us to hypothesize that loss of macroH2A1 ... Our analysis of a panel of 507 human cytokines, chemokines, adipokine, growth factors and other soluble molecules in Huh-7 HCC ... Secretome analysis. A. Principal Component Analysis applied to expression profiles of 507 human cytokines, chemokines, ...

https://www.thno.org/v10p0910.htm

Sun D, Novotny M, Bulek K, Liu C, Li X, Hamilton T. Treatment with IL-17 prolongs the half-life of chemokine CXCL1 mRNA via the ... Insulin and IGF1 enhance IL-17-induced chemokine expression through a GSK3B-dependent mechanism: a new target for melatonins ... CXCL1), IL-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).8-10 Some previous studies have demonstrated that IL-17 can ... Wang et al found that IL-17 enhanced TNFα-induced expression of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, IL-8, and CCL20 in HT29 cells.30 Hölttä et ...

https://www.dovepress.com/human-colon-carcinogenesis-is-associated-with-increased-interleukin-17-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DDDT

Chemokine autoantibody targets. CXCL1. CXCL7 (PPBP). CCL2. CCL15. CCL16. Chemokine decoy receptor ACKR1 (Duffy blood group ...

https://forums.phoenixrising.me/threads/severe-covid-may-be-caused-by-autoantibodies.82526/

In addition, S100A12 resulted in excessive mucins and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines secretion, and promoted the expression of chemokines and cell adhesion molecules via activating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in NHBE cells. (researchsquare.com)
It has also been reported that numerous cytokines and chemokines accelerate the pathological and physiological progress of ARDS (6), suggesting that inflammatory response is closely related to the pathogenesis of ARDS. (researchsquare.com)
Chemokines are a group of cytokines superfamily, which have been classified into 4 subfamilies (CXC, CX3C, CC, and C). Growing evidence suggested that Chemokines and chemokine receptors are crucial regulatory factors in acute lung injury (7). (researchsquare.com)
Interferon pathway-related cytokines/chemokines, including interleukin (IL) 18, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α, and IL-33, were elevated, but tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, CXCL8 (formerly IL-8), and cytokines acting through C-C chemokine receptor 2 and CCR5 were lower among case-patients than controls. (cdc.gov)
Interferon pathway activation and cytokines/chemokines acting through CCR2 and CCR5 improved health results among children with severe CCHF. (cdc.gov)
Chemokines, a large family of cytokines with chemotactic activity, and their cognate receptors are expressed by both cancer and stromal cells. (frontiersin.org)
Chemokines, are a family of small, secreted, and structurally related cytokines with a crucial role in inflammation and immunity ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
Although CAR-T migration has been experimentally verified, it still remains unclear whether T cell genetic modification and in vitro amplification will affect necessary chemokines or cytokines for migration. (blogarama.com)
7 The polyubiquitinated TRAF6 activates transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and then IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which subsequently activates the NF-κB pathway to initiate transcription of a variety of chemokines, cytokines, and growth factor, such as C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1), IL-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). (dovepress.com)
While the cytokines and adhesion molecules involved in granulocyte adhesion to the brain vasculature have started to be elucidated, the required chemokines remain undetermined. (listlabs.com)
RNAdjuvant ® was the only one to induce most of the cytokines/chemokines tested with a pronounced Th1 cytokine pattern. (biomedcentral.com)
PAMPs) and induce the innate immune response by activation of a signaling cascade resulting in the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I IFNs. (biomedcentral.com)
All CM shared similar cytokines expression pattern including CXCL1-2-3/GRO, CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL8/IL-8 being the latter with the highest concentration. (oncotarget.com)
MILLIPLEX MAP Mouse Cytokine / Chemokine panel enables you to focus on the therapeutic potential of cytokines as well as the modulation of cytokine expression. (emdmillipore.com)
An immediate and strong up-regulation of genes encoding cytokines (IL1A and IL8), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL6) and cell adhesion molecules (VCAM1, ICAM1, and ITGB3) was explicitly obvious post-challenge with E. coli inducing a rapid recruitment and activation of cells of host defense mediated by IL1B and TNF signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
and newly synthesized cytokines, chemokines (CCs) and growth factors. (medscape.com)

Another reported that IL-10, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10, formerly IFN-γ inducible protein 10) and CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, formerly monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) levels were higher in patients with high viral loads ( 12 ), but patients with severe disease had higher levels of CXCL10 and CCL2 than did patients with less-severe cases. (cdc.gov)
Inflammatory CC (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5) and CXC (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CXCL6, and CXCL8) chemokines recruit at the tumor site CCR2 + monocytes and CXCR2 + neutrophils that differentiate into tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor associated neutrophils (TANs), exerting pro- or anti-tumoral role ( 7 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
A neutrophilic asthma phenotype may arise from the presence of enhanced levels of neutrophilic chemokines such as GROα, interleukin 8, CXCL10, and CCL2 which are all elevated in sputum of these patients. (archbronconeumol.org)
Ccl2, Cxcl1), cell surface receptors (e.g. (mpg.de)

Organic dust extracts obtained from swine confinement facilities induced neutrophil chemokine production (human IL-8, murine CXCL1/CXCL2). (cdc.gov)
Intranasal inhalation of organic dust extract induced neutrophil influx, and CXCL1/CXCL2 release was also decreased in mice fed a relatively high vitamin D diet as compared to mice fed a low vitamin D diet. (cdc.gov)
As a result, CXCL5 induces the increase of CXCL1 and CXCL2 in a model of pulmonary inflammation. (biolegend.com)
Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the CXCL1 and CXCL2 genes contribute to increased risk of alopecia areata in the Korean population. (cdc.gov)
CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL8 recruit neutrophils and CCL20 chemoattracts IL-17A-producing CCR6+ immune cells, which further contributes to forming an IL-17A-rich milieu. (omicsdi.org)

We also provide recent findings about the role in cancer of atypical chemokine receptors that could become future targets for immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
Chemokines produced by tumor itself, cancer-associated fibroblasts and infiltrating leukocytes ( 27 , 28 ), through the binding of chemokine receptors expressed by tumor cells, directly promote cancer cell proliferation activating different signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT/NF-κB and MAPK/ERK pathway ( 29 - 31 ). (frontiersin.org)
A CXC chemokine with specificity for CXCR2 RECEPTORS. (bvsalud.org)

Cxc Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) / stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), also known as Cxc Chemokine Ligand 1 (CXCL1), chemokine axis was associated with inflammation of injured tissues (8). (researchsquare.com)
CXCL1 was the most highly expressed ligand of the granulocyte receptor CXCR2 in the CNS of mice subjected to EAE or infused with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pertussis toxin (PTX), the latter being commonly used to induce EAE. (listlabs.com)

On the contrary, chemokines, such as CCL21 and ELR − chemokines (CXCL4, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) inhibit angiogenesis and endothelial cell proliferation ( 26 ). (frontiersin.org)

CXCL5 is an ELR-CXC chemokine characterized by a Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif preceding the characteristic CXC sequence. (biolegend.com)
CXCL5 regulates the availability of binding sites for other ELR-CXC chemokines released during inflammation, through its interaction with erythrocyte duffy antigen receptor (DARC). (biolegend.com)
Therefore, CXCL5 acts as a regulator of chemokine scavenging and pulmonary host defense to bacterial infection. (biolegend.com)

Here, we characterized the structural features of histidines in the chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL1 in the free, GAG heparin-bound, and CXCR2 receptor N-terminal domain-bound states using solution NMR spectroscopy. (utmb.edu)
Trans-tympanic administration of SB225002, a chemical inhibitor of CXCR2 (receptor target for CXCL1) reduced immune cell migration , protected against cisplatin -induced hearing loss and preserved hair cell integrity. (bvsalud.org)
These results implicate the CXCL1 chemokine as an early player in cisplatin ototoxicity , possibly by initiating the immune cascade, and indicate that CXCR2 is a relevant target for treating cisplatin ototoxicity . (bvsalud.org)
Many studies have implemented this principle by expressing CXCR2 (CXCL1 receptor) and CCR4 (CCL17 receptor) in CAR-T cells. (blogarama.com)
We previously reported that in multiple sclerosis, the same chemokine is expressed by hypertrophic astrocytes, which associate with oligodendrocytes that express the receptor CXCR2. (elsevier.com)

The N-loop histidine alone in both chemokines is involved in direct GAG and receptor interactions, indicating the role of the 30s loop varies between the chemokines. (utmb.edu)
In addition, the product of;this gene is a potent agonist at CC chemokine receptor 1. (creativebiomart.net)
We selected most pathways Ccl6 participated on our site, such as Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Chemokine signaling pathway, which may be useful for your reference. (creativebiomart.net)
Taken together, S1P induced sustained Ca2+ elevation via Gq-coupled receptor S1P2 and S1P3, and the following Ca2+ entry through TRPC channel could activate MAPK signaling, which leads to the increased secretion of the pro-inflammatory or neuroprotective chemokine CXCL1 from astrocytes. (jnss.org)
Chemokine induction by IDR-1002 was found to be mediated through a Gi-coupled receptor and the PI3K, NF-kappaB, and MAPK signaling pathways. (perkinelmer.com)

CXCL8 and CXCL1 share two conserved histidines, one in the N-loop and the other in the 30s loop. (utmb.edu)
Sepuru, KM & Rajarathnam, K 2018, ' Distinct Differences in Structural States of Conserved Histidines in Two Related Proteins: NMR Studies of the Chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8 in the Free Form and Macromolecular Complexes ', Biochemistry , vol. 57, no. 41, pp. 5969-5977. (utmb.edu)

cytokine and chemokine production was evaluated by Bio-Plex ProTM. (biomedcentral.com)
Simultaneously analyze multiple cytokine and chemokine biomarkers with Bead-Based Multiplex Assays using the Luminex technology, in mouse serum, plasma and cell culture samples. (emdmillipore.com)
In addition cytokine and chemokine research is essential in understanding the immune system and its multi-faceted response to most antigens, as well as disease states such as autoimmune disease, allergic reactions, sepsis and cancer. (emdmillipore.com)

Chemokine-enhanced chemotaxis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells with mutations in the tumor suppressor TSC2 gene. (cdc.gov)

C-C motif chemokine recept. (gsea-msigdb.org)
C-X-C motif chemokine liga. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Immunohistochemical studies evaluated the levels of CXCL1 along with increased presence of CD68 and CD45-positive immune cells in cochlea . (bvsalud.org)
Increases in CXCL1 was time -dependent in the spiral ganglion neurons and organ of Corti and was associated with progressive increases in CD45, CD68 and IBA1-positive immune cells . (bvsalud.org)
The proper movement of immune cells is orchestrated by the spatial and temporal expression of chemokines. (frontiersin.org)
IL-6 upregulated CXCL1 expression in brain endothelial cells by acting transcriptionally and mediated the stimulatory effect of PTX on CXCL1 expression. (listlabs.com)
In rodents, the chemokine CXCL1 both induces the proliferation and inhibits the migration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. (elsevier.com)
For example, cytokine and chemokines mediate interactions between cells directly, regulating target immune cell responses. (emdmillipore.com)

These findings suggest a neuroprotective role for CXCL1 during the course of autoimmune demyelination. (elsevier.com)

In this study, an immunomodulatory peptide IDR-1002 was selected from a library of bactenecin derivatives based on its substantially more potent ability to induce chemokines in human PBMCs. (perkinelmer.com)

Some chemokines present at tumor site can modify leukocyte activation, for instance CXCL16 acting on CXCR6 induces macrophage polarization toward a pro-tumoral phenotype in solid tumors ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

In addition, S1P induced secretion of CXCL1 protein, which was significantly suppressed by either treatment with the TRPC channels inhibitor Pyr2, inhibitors of Ca2+ signaling, or MAPK inhibitors. (jnss.org)
To investigate whether chemokines influence repair after autoimmune demyelination, we generated GFAP-rtTA x β-Gal-TRE-CXCL1 double-transgenic (Tg) mice that inducibly overexpress CXCL1 under the control of the astrocyte-specific gene, glial fibrillary acidic protein. (elsevier.com)
Double-Tg animals displayed a milder course of disease compared with both single (CXCL1 or glial fibrillary acidic protein)-Tg and wild-type controls. (elsevier.com)
Using quantitative Taqman RT-PCR and enzyme-liked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we compared mRNA and protein expression of the rat neutrophil chemoattractant chemokines (CINC) in spinal cord and brain of adult and juvenile rats to identify possible association with the observed differences in neutrophil recruitment. (ox.ac.uk)
CXCL1/macrophage inflammatory protein-2-induced angiogenesis in vivo is mediated by neutrophil-derived vascular endothelial growth factor-A. (univr.it)

Produced from sera of rabbits immunized with highly pure Recombinant Human GRO-alpha/MGSA (CXCL1). (peprotech.com)
Anti-Human GRO-alpha/MGSA (CXCL1)-specific antibody was purified by affinity chromatography employing immobilized Human GRO-alpha/MGSA (CXCL1) matrix. (peprotech.com)

Neutrophil products, such as elastase, chitinase-like proteins and chemokines, have been identified as important risk factors of lung damage and lung function decline and are suggested as biomarkers based on both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in patients with CF [ 2 - 7 ] and mice with CF-like lung disease [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

DF2755A given orally was well absorbed (88.2%), and it was able to reduce, in a dose (3-30mg/kg)-dependent manner, inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan, LPS and CXCL1/KC as well as neutrophil recruitment and IL-1β production. (nih.gov)
Altered chemokine expression in the spinal cord and brain contributes to differential interleukin-1beta-induced neutrophil recruitment. (ox.ac.uk)
Thus differential chemokine induction may contribute to variations in neutrophil recruitment in during development and between the different CNS compartments. (ox.ac.uk)

Granulocytes were counted in the brain vasculature after treatment with a neutralizing anti-CXCL1 antibody using stereological techniques. (listlabs.com)
The anti-CXCL1 antibody reduced granulocyte adhesion to brain capillaries in the three conditions under study. (listlabs.com)

Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) injection resulted in up-regulated chemokine expression in both brain and spinal cord. (ox.ac.uk)

Both CC and CXC chemokines play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis, essential for tumor growth and metastatic spreading ( 19 , 20 ). (frontiersin.org)

This study identifies CXCL1 not only as a key regulator of granulocyte recruitment into the CNS, but also as a new potential target for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. (listlabs.com)

CXCL1 expression was analyzed in IL-6-treated endothelial cell cultures by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. (listlabs.com)

NF-kappaB mediated enhancement of potassium currents by the chemokine CXCL1/growth related oncogene in small diameter rat sensory neurons. (stemcell.com)

8 - 10 Some previous studies have demonstrated that IL-17 can stabilize downstream CXCL1 messenger (m)RNA through an inducible kinase IKKi-dependent Act1-TRAF2-TRAF5 complex, which binds to splicing factor 2 (SF2) (also named alternative splicing factor [ASF]) and prevents SF2/ASF-mediated mRNA degradation. (dovepress.com)

Free DNA levels correlated with airflow obstruction, fungal colonization, and CXC chemokine levels in CF patients and CF-like mice. (hindawi.com)
Our results demonstrate that free airway DNA levels correlate with obstructive lung disease and proinflammatory chemokines in CF patients and CF mice and could serve as therapeutic target and potential biomarker in CF lung disease. (hindawi.com)

We show that SB225002 reduced the expression of CXCL1, NOX3, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2. (bvsalud.org)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis, was induced in these animals (and controls) by the subcutaneous injection of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and after disease onset, CXCL1 production was initiated by the intraperitoneal injection of doxycycline. (elsevier.com)
IL-17A is capable of upregulating the production of these chemokines and antimicrobial peptides in keratinocytes. (omicsdi.org)

Previous studies have demonstrated a role of CXC chemokines in cisplatin ototoxicity . (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we investigated the role of CXCL1, a cytokine which increased in the serum and cochlea by 24 h following cisplatin administration . (bvsalud.org)