Chemical phenomena. Medical search

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

An acquired disorder characterized by recurrent symptoms, referable to multiple organ systems, occurring in response to demonstrable exposure to many chemically unrelated compounds at doses below those established in the general population to cause harmful effects. (Cullen MR. The worker with multiple chemical sensitivities: an overview. Occup Med 1987;2(4):655-61)

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

An idiopathic vascular disorder characterized by bilateral Raynaud phenomenon, the abrupt onset of digital paleness or CYANOSIS in response to cold exposure or stress.

The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing chemicals. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Tactical warfare using incendiary mixtures, smokes, or irritant, burning, or asphyxiating gases.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.

A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Chemicals that are used to cause the disturbance, disease, or death of humans during WARFARE.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Markedly reduced or absent REPERFUSION in an infarct zone following the removal of an obstruction or constriction of an artery.

Databases devoted to knowledge about specific chemicals.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.

NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Chemical substances that are foreign to the biological system. They include naturally occurring compounds, drugs, environmental agents, carcinogens, insecticides, etc.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Exogenous agents, synthetic and naturally occurring, which are capable of disrupting the functions of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM including the maintenance of HOMEOSTASIS and the regulation of developmental processes. Endocrine disruptors are compounds that can mimic HORMONES, or enhance or block the binding of hormones to their receptors, or otherwise lead to activating or inhibiting the endocrine signaling pathways and hormone metabolism.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Large collections of small molecules (molecular weight about 600 or less), of similar or diverse nature which are used for high-throughput screening analysis of the gene function, protein interaction, cellular processing, biochemical pathways, or other chemical interactions.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The science concerned with the detection, chemical composition, and biological action of toxic substances or poisons and the treatment and prevention of toxic manifestations.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Sympathectomy using chemicals (e.g., 6-hydroxydopamine or guanethidine) which selectively and reversibly destroy adrenergic nerve endings while leaving cholinergic nerve endings intact.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

The increase in a measurable parameter of a PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS, including cellular, microbial, and plant; immunological, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, urinary, digestive, neural, musculoskeletal, ocular, and skin physiological processes; or METABOLIC PROCESS, including enzymatic and other pharmacological processes, by a drug or other chemical.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The physical phenomena describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.

The use of chemical agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of nerve agents, blood agents, blister agents, and choking agents (NOXAE).

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.

Chemical and physical transformation of the biogenic elements from their nucleosynthesis in stars to their incorporation and subsequent modification in planetary bodies and terrestrial biochemistry. It includes the mechanism of incorporation of biogenic elements into complex molecules and molecular systems, leading up to the origin of life.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Drugs that act locally on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces to produce inflammation; those that cause redness due to hyperemia are rubefacients; those that raise blisters are vesicants and those that penetrate sebaceous glands and cause abscesses are pustulants; tear gases and mustard gases are also irritants.

Procedures, such as TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES; mathematical models; etc., when used or advocated for use in place of the use of animals in research or diagnostic laboratories.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Tests to experimentally measure the tumor-producing/cancer cell-producing potency of an agent by administering the agent (e.g., benzanthracenes) and observing the quantity of tumors or the cell transformation developed over a given period of time. The carcinogenicity value is usually measured as milligrams of agent administered per tumor developed. Though this test differs from the DNA-repair and bacterial microsome MUTAGENICITY TESTS, researchers often attempt to correlate the finding of carcinogenicity values and mutagenicity values.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

Rapid methods of measuring the effects of an agent in a biological or chemical assay. The assay usually involves some form of automation or a way to conduct multiple assays at the same time using sample arrays.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Spectrophotometry in the infrared region, usually for the purpose of chemical analysis through measurement of absorption spectra associated with rotational and vibrational energy levels of molecules. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Uncontrolled release of a chemical from its containment that either threatens to, or does, cause exposure to a chemical hazard. Such an incident may occur accidentally or deliberately.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/6919)

After metabolic activation the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-[3H]methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one binds to DNA in vitro, and this binding is prevented by 7,8-benzoflavone. Radioactivity cannot be removed from the DNA with organic solvents or by chromatography on Sephadex G-50, even after heat denaturation of the DNA. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields radioactive fractions, which elute from a column of Sephadex LH-20 immediately after the natural nucleosides. At least two species of reactive metabolites are involved in this bending, those with a half-life of a few hr and others with greater stability. After extraction from the aqueous incubation mixture, they could be detected in discrete polar fractions from separations of the complex metabolite mixture by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their ability to bind to DNA decreased with time at ambient temperature, and they were rapidly deactivated by acid. 7,8-Benzolflavone acted by suppressing the formation of polar metabolites derived from enzymatic oxidation of the aromatic double bonds. The inhibitor had no effect on the enzymes hydroxylating saturated carbon; hence it is unlikely that metabolism of the methyl group is important in conversion of this carcinogen to its proximate form, although the presence of the 11-methyl group is essential for carcinogenic activity in this series. (+info)

The interaction of rhodium(II) carboxylates with enzymes. (2/6919)

The effect of rhodium(II) acetate, propionate, and methoxyacetate on the activity of 17 enzymes was evaluated. The enzymes were preincubated with the rhodium(II) complexes in order to detect irreversible inhibition. All enzymes that have essential sulfhydryl groups in or near their active site were found to be irreversibly inhibited. Those enzymes without essential sulfhydryl groups were not affected. In each case, the rate of inactivation closely paralleled the observed toxicity and antitumor activity of rhodium(II) carboxylates; that is, rhodium(II) propionate greater than rhodium(II) acetate greater than rhodium(II) methoxyacetate. In addition, those enzymes that have been demonstrated to be most sensitive to established sulfhydryl inhibitors, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, were also most sensitive to rhodium(II) carboxylate inactivation. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance measurements made during the titration of rhodium(II) acetate with cysteine showed that breakdown of the carboxylate cage occurred as a result of reaction with this sulfhydryl-containing amino acid. (+info)

Glycopeptides from the surgace of human neuroblastoma cells. (3/6919)

Glycopeptides suggesting a complex oligosaccharide composition are present on the surface of cells from human neuroblastoma tumors and several cell lines derived from the tumors. The glycopeptides, labeled with radioactive L-fucose, were removed from the cell surface with trypsin, digested with Pronase, and examined by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. Human skin fibroblasts, brain cells, and a fibroblast line derived from neuroblastoma tumor tissue show less complex glycopeptides. Although some differences exist between the cell lines and the primary tumor cells, the similarities between these human tumors and animal tumors examined previously are striking. (+info)

The isolation and partial characterization of the serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of the rainbow trout. (4/6919)

1. VLD (very-low-density), LD (low-density) and HD (high-density) lipoproteins were isolated from the serum of trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). 2. Each lipoprotein class resembled that of the human in immunological reactivity, electrophoretic behaviour and appearance in the electron microscope. Trout LD lipoprotein, however, was of greater density than human LD lipoprotein. 3. The trout lipoproteins have lipid compositions which are similar to those of the corresponding human components, except for their high contents of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. 4. HD and LD lipoproteins were immunologically non-identical, whereas LD lipoproteins possessed antigenic determinants in common with VLD lipoproteins. 5. VLD and HD lipoproteins each contained at least seven different apoproteins, whereas LD liprotein was composed largely of a single apoprotein which resembled human apolipoprotein B. 6. At least one, and possibly three, apoprotein of trout HD lipoprotein showed features which resemble human apoprotein A-1.7. The broad similarity between the trout and human lipoprotein systems suggests that both arose from common ancestral genes early in evolutionary history. (+info)

Studies of the binding of different iron donors to human serum transferrin and isolation of iron-binding fragments from the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. (5/6919)

1. Trypsin digestion of human serum transferrin partially saturated with iron(III)-nitrilotriacetate at pH 5.5 or pH 8.5 produces a carbohydrate-containing iron-binding fragment of mol.wt. 43000. 2. When iron(III) citrate, FeCl3, iron (III) ascorabate and (NH4)2SO4,FeSO4 are used as iron donors to saturate the protein partially, at pH8.5, proteolytic digestion yields a fragment of mol.wt. 36000 that lacks carbohydrate. 3. The two fragments differ in their antigenic structures, amino acid compositions and peptide 'maps'. 4. The fragment with mol.wt. 36000 was assigned to the N-terminal region of the protein and the other to the C-terminal region. 5. The distribution of iron in human serum transferrin partially saturated with various iron donors was examined by electrophoresis in urea/polyacrylamide gels and the two possible monoferric forms were unequivocally identified. 6. The site designated A on human serum transferrin [Harris (1977) Biochemistry 16, 560--564] was assigned to the C-terminal region of the protein and the B site to the N-terminal region. 7. The distribution of iron on transferrin in human plasma was determined. (+info)

Carbon 13 NMR study of nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with selected amino acids and of related reactions. (6/6919)

Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to monitor the nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with glycine, alanine, valine, serine, and with several other model compounds. Isotopically enriched amino acids were employed so that low concentrations could be utilized while still allowing relatively rapid acquisition of spectral data. The results for alanine and serine are particularly noteworthy in that alanine is deaminated to pyruvate and pyruvate is aminated to alanine, but contrary to the enzymatic reactions of various serine dehydratases wherein serine is converted to pyruvate, the nonenzymatic reaction utilizing serine results in hydroxypruvate rather than pyruvate formation. In the reverse reaction, hydroxypyruvate is aminated to serine but very inefficiently relative to the amination of pyruvate to alanine. The experimental results have been formulated into a proposed reaction mechanism for deamination of amino acids by pyridoxal-P. (+info)

Herpetic keratitis. Proctor Lecture. (7/6919)

Although much needs to be learned about the serious clinical problem of herpes infection of the cornea, we have come a long way. We now have effective topical antiviral drugs. We have animal models which, with a high degree of reliability, clearly predict the effect to be expected clinically in man, as well as the toxicity. We have systemically active drugs and the potential of getting highly active, potent, completely selective drugs, with the possibility that perhaps the source of viral reinfection can be eradicated. The biology of recurrent herpes and stromal disease is gradually being understood, and this understanding may result in new and better therapy of this devastating clinical disease. (+info)

Crystal structure of the FMN-binding domain of human cytochrome P450 reductase at 1.93 A resolution. (8/6919)

The crystal structure of the FMN-binding domain of human NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R-FMN), a key component in the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system, has been determined to 1.93 A resolution and shown to be very similar both to the global fold in solution (Barsukov I et al., 1997, J Biomol NMR 10:63-75) and to the corresponding domain in the 2.6 A crystal structure of intact rat P450R (Wang M et al., 1997, Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 94:8411-8416). The crystal structure of P450R-FMN reported here confirms the overall similarity of its alpha-beta-alpha architecture to that of the bacterial flavodoxins, but reveals differences in the position, number, and length of the helices relative to the central beta-sheet. The marked similarity between P450R-FMN and flavodoxins in the interactions between the FMN and the protein, indicate a striking evolutionary conservation of the FMN binding site. The P450R-FMN molecule has an unusual surface charge distribution, leading to a very strong dipole, which may be involved in docking cytochrome P450 into place for electron transfer near the FMN. Several acidic residues near the FMN are identified by mutagenesis experiments to be important for electron transfer to P4502D6 and to cytochrome c, a clear indication of the part of the molecular surface that is likely to be involved in substrate binding. Somewhat different parts are found to be involved in binding cytochrome P450 and cytochrome c. (+info)

... electrical phenomena; the nature of chemical action; the way in which God created matter in "the Beginning;" the proper way to ... These Queries, especially the later ones, deal with a wide range of physical phenomena, far transcending any narrow ... stimulated a great deal of speculation and development on theories of chemical affinity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Queries

... electrical phenomena; the nature of chemical action; the way in which God created matter in "the Beginning;" the proper way to ... Rather, the Opticks is a study of the nature of light and colour and the various phenomena of diffraction, which Newton called ... These Queries, especially the later ones, deal with a wide range of physical phenomena, far transcending any narrow ... stimulated a great deal of speculation and development on theories of chemical affinity. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opticks

Steiner, Ulrich E.; Ulrich, Thomas (1989-01-01). "Magnetic field effects in chemical kinetics and related phenomena". Chemical ... Other examples of quantum phenomena in biological systems include the conversion of chemical energy into motion and brownian ... After the binding of the chemical to the receptor, the chemical would then act as a bridge allowing for the electron to be ... Chemical Physics. Springer Series in Chemical Physics. 92. pp. 607-609. Bibcode:2009up16.book..607L. doi:10.1007/978-3-540- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_biology

Slattery, John C. (1999). "Differential balances in mass-transfer". Advanced Transport Phenomena. Cambridge Series in Chemical ... In chemical engineering, a Stefan tube is a device that was devised by Josef Stefan in 1874. It is often used for measuring ... Wiley Series in Chemical Engineering. 2. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9780471574170. Teixeira, Miguel A.; Rodriguez, Oscar; Gomes, ... Series on Chemical Engineering. 2. World Scientific. ISBN 9781783262243. Kirwan, Donald J. (1987). "Mass transfer principles". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefan_tube

Ultrafast Phenomena XI. Springer Series in Chemical Physics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 63: 24-26. doi:10.1007/978-3-642- ... He is also a Senior Member of the IEEE and has been awarded a Swarnajayanti Fellowship for Chemical Sciences. He is the third ... Chemical Physics Letters. 558: 1-7. Bibcode:2013CPL...558....1G. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.054. ISSN 0009-2614. PMC 3790071 ... The Journal of Chemical Physics. 137 (18): 184201. Bibcode:2012JChPh.137r4201K. doi:10.1063/1.4764470. ISSN 0021-9606. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debabrata_Goswami

S.l.]: American Chemical Society, ISSN 1520-6904, Vol. 31, No. 12 (1966), p. 4292-4293. Zvi Blank, Walter Brenner, Yoshiyuki ... Nucleation Phenomena In Polymers Defense Technical Information Center, 1968, 216 p. Contributor: New York University, NY ... American Chemical Society, 1967. Walter Brenner, R. F. Shaffer, R. Vermes, Charles Marsel, William H. Kapfer. Nucleation ... Brenner served as a full professor at New York University for over 25 years teaching chemical engineering. He taught in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Brenner

1984). Ultrafast Phenomena IV. Springer Series in Chemical Physics. 38. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo: Springer. doi: ... He graduated from Harvard University with an M.A. in physics and a Ph.D. in chemical physics. His doctoral thesis supervisor ... He received in 1998 the ACS Award in Surface Chemistry [de] from the American Chemical Society, in 2016 the Joel Henry ... Journal of Chemical Physics. 42 (2): 794-796. doi:10.1063/1.1696013. Auston, D. H.; Eisenthal, K. B., eds. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_B._Eisenthal

Bickle, William Henry (1960). "Surface Phenomena: Surface Energy". Crushing and Grinding a Bibliography. New York: Chemical ... Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions. 2. Molecular and Chemical Physics. London: Royal Society of Chemistry. ... Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions. 2 Molecular and Chemical Physics. London: Royal Society of Chemistry. 80 ... Lennard‑Jones, John Edward; - (1928). "Cohesion at a crystal surface". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beryl_May_Dent

Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) Peek, F.W. (1929). Dielectric Phenomena in High Voltage Engineering. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0 ... Alternating current Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Crookes tube Dielectric barrier discharge Kirlian photography List ... Chen, Junhong (August 2002). "Direct-Current Corona Enhanced Chemical Reactions". University of Minnesota. ... through chemical reactions, and can be used to produce ozone. Coronas can generate audible and radio-frequency noise, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona_discharge

Survey of geochemical self-patterning phenomena. In Nicolis, G., and Baras, F. (eds.), Chemical Instabilities. Dordrecht: D. ... Chemical weathering of rocks that leads to the formation of Liesegang rings typically involves the diffusion of oxygen in ... Liesegang rings may form from the chemical segregation of iron oxides and other minerals during weathering. One popular ... The purpose of Liesegang's experiment was to observe precipitate formation resulting from the chemical reaction produced when a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liesegang_rings_(geology)

While the type and amount of surfactant determine what properties will be affected, other chemicals in a paint can alter the ... Rosen MJ (September 2010). Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena (3rd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. p. 1. Check ... Journal of Chemical Education. 82 (2): 269-271. doi:10.1021/ed085p269. EWS Hagan; MN Charalambides; CRT Young; TJS Learner; S ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfactants_in_paint

IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006-) "superacid". doi ... Pozharskii, Alexander F.; Ozeryanskii, Valery A. (2012). "Proton Sponges and Hydrogen Transfer Phenomena". Mendeleev ... Caubère, P (1993). "Unimetal Super Bases". Chemical Reviews. 93 (6): 2317-2334. doi:10.1021/cr00022a012. Verkade, John G.; ... Pozharskii, Alexander F.; Ozeryanskii, Valery A. (2012). "Proton Sponges and Hydrogen Transfer Phenomena". Mendeleev ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superbase

A mood ring is an excellent example of this phenomenon, but thermochromism also has more practical uses, such as baby bottles ... This mixture is stable in solid phase; however, when the octadecylphosphonic acid is melted, the dye undergoes a chemical ... Thermochromic dyes are based on mixtures of leuco dyes with suitable other chemicals, displaying a color change (usually ... High temperatures, ultraviolet radiation, some chemicals and/or solvents have a negative impact on their lifespan. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermochromism

Začs, Laimons (2000). "The Chemical Composition and Orbital Parameters of Barium Stars". The Carbon Star Phenomenon. 177: 277. ... "Stellar parameters and chemical abundances of 223 evolved stars with and without planets". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 574: A50. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omicron_Virginis

"The chemical suicide phenomenon". Firerescue1.com. 2011-02-07. Retrieved 2013-12-19. Iowa State University Extension (May 2004 ... International Chemical Safety Card 0165 Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 53 National Pollutant Inventory - ... Hydrogen sulfide was used by the British Army as a chemical weapon during World War I. It was not considered to be an ideal war ... As of 2010, this phenomenon has occurred in a number of US cities, prompting warnings to those arriving at the site of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide

As the name suggests, LEIS is primarily concerned with scattering phenomena. Due to the energy range typically used in ion ... AES results may typically be used to infer information on the chemical environment of particular atoms in a surface. Behrisch, ... ISBN 0-677-15850-5. Rabalais, J. Wayne (2003). Principles and Applications of Ion Scattering Spectrometry: Surface Chemical and ... is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used to characterize the chemical and structural makeup of materials. LEIS involves ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-energy_ion_scattering

Quantum biology - application of quantum mechanics to biological phenomenon. Chemical physics - the branch of physics that ... History of chemical physics - history of the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of ... Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns and principles that relate these phenomena. These patterns ... History of quantum physics - history of the branch of physics dealing with physical phenomena where the action is on the order ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_physics

Ultrafast Phenomena X. Springer Series in Chemical Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 62: 431-432. doi:10.1007/978-3-642- ... Ultrafast Phenomena X. Springer Series in Chemical Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 62: 431-432. doi:10.1007/978-3-642- ... Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Materials Science at Vanderbilt University. She is a joint faculty member at Oak ... Chemical Physics Letters. 498 (1-3): 1-9. Bibcode:2010CPL...498....1M. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2010.08.052. ISSN 0009-2614. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_J._Rosenthal

Sonochemistry Sonication Ultrasonics Moriguchi, N. (1934)."The influence of supersonic waves on chemical phenomena. III-the ... hydrodynamics in an electrochemical cell was greatly increased in the presence of ultrasound and described this phenomenon as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonoelectrochemistry

Kapral used CMLs for modeling chemical spatial phenomena. Kuznetsov sought to apply CMLs to electrical circuitry by developing ... Space-time chaotic phenomena can be demonstrated from chaotic mappings subject to weak coupling coefficients and are popular in ... Crutchfield, James P. (1984). "Space-time dynamics in video feedback". Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena. Elsevier BV. 10 (1-2): ... Weak coupling with monotonic (bistable) dynamical regimes demonstrate spatial chaos phenomena and are popular in neural models ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupled_map_lattice

Mathematical chemistry: the mathematical modeling of chemical phenomena. Mathematical economics: the application of ... Mathematical biology: the mathematical modeling of biological phenomena. ... the generalization of concepts of geometry used to describe the physical phenomena of quantum physics Quaternionic analysis ... primarily of the science physics that uses mathematical models and abstraction of physics to rationalize and predict phenomena ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_areas_of_mathematics

A. Pacault; P. Hanusse; P. De Kepper; C. Vidal; J. Boissonade (1976). "Phenomena in homogeneous chemical systems far from ... In May 1972 a pair of articles in the Journal of Chemical Education brought it to the attention of Thomas Briggs and Warren ... Furrow, S. D. in Field, R. J. and M. Burger(1985), Oscillations and Traveling Waves in Chemical Systems, J. Wiley & Sons, New ... The Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction is one of a small number of known oscillating chemical reactions. It is especially ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briggs–Rauscher_reaction

Karukstis, Kerry K.; Van Hecke, Gerald R. (2003-04-10). Chemistry Connections: The Chemical Basis of Everyday Phenomena. ... The chemicals inside the plastic tube are a mixture of the dye, the base catalyst, and diphenyl oxalate. The chemical in the ... Glow sticks emit light when two chemicals are mixed. The reaction between the two chemicals is catalyzed by a base, usually ... Demonstrations To Illustrate Chemical Processes". Journal of Chemical Education. 89 (7): 910-916. Bibcode:2012JChEd..89..910K. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glow_stick

Harriott, Peter; W. McCabe; J. Smith (2004). Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering: Seventh Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional ... "Problem Solutions in Transport Phenomena : Fluid Mechanics Problems". Retrieved 2007-10-06. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_balance

I. The phenomena of reversible and permanent dissociation". Chemical Physics. Elsevier BV. 72 (1-2): 41-49. Bibcode:1982CP..... ... Chemical Physics Letters. Elsevier BV. 93 (5): 448-452. Bibcode:1982CPL....93..448E. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(82)83219-3. ISSN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._W._Pryor

... melting phenomena at a planar surface); Thin film phenomena such as chemical vapor deposition; Surface excitations of a solid. ... Examples of these are Complex quantum mechanics phenomena, whose solutions may be more appropriate in a two-dimensional ... as certain surface molecular phenomena); or, (b) the two-dimensional form of the problem is more tractable than the analogous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-dimensional_gas

Karukstis, Kerry K.; Hecke, Gerald R. Van (2003-03-27). Chemistry Connections: The Chemical Basis of Everyday Phenomena. ... "Decoupling the effects of heating and flaming on chemical and sensory changes during flambé cooking". International Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flambé

This phenomenon is called dominance; the biochemical reason for wild-type alleles' dominance over nonfunctional mutant alleles ... Enzymes are protein catalysts for chemical reactions; as catalysts, they speed up reactions without being used up in the ... This phenomenon may maintain and possibly even increase the incidence of autosomal recessive disease. Founder effect. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay–Sachs_disease

Interest in cyclodextrins is enhanced because their host-guest behavior can be manipulated by chemical modification of the ... Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry. doi:10.1007/s10847-021-01055-9. GRAS Notice No. GRN 000155, alpha- ... They are used in food, pharmaceutical, drug delivery, and chemical industries, as well as agriculture and environmental ... Chemical Reviews. 98 (5): 2045-2076. doi:10.1021/CR970025P. PMID 11848959.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) Becket, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodextrin

Chemical modifications of the polymer and charge-trapping phenomena". Synthetic Metals. 72 (3): 275-281. doi:10.1016/0379-6779( ... EQCM can be used to monitor the chemical reaction occurring on the electrode, which offers the optimized reaction condition by ... Journal of the American Chemical Society. 115 (26): 12391-12397. doi:10.1021/ja00079a021. ISSN 0002-7863. Kawaguchi, Toshikazu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemical_quartz_crystal_microbalance

We know from molecular biology that distinct parts of the nervous system release distinct chemical cues, from growth factors to ... collaborate closely with experimentalists in analyzing novel data and synthesizing new models of biological phenomena. ... and chemical coupling to network oscillations, columnar and topographic architecture, and learning and memory. Furthermore, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_neuroscientist

Kaji ,title = D. I. Mendeleev's concept of chemical elements and ''The Principles of Chemistry'',journal=Bulletin for the ... Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena,volume=101-103,page=233}},/ref, ... Bottei, Rudolph S.,journal = Chemical Reviews,volume = 63,issue = 4,pages = 403-442,year =1963}} {{doi,10.1021/cr60224a004}},/ ... Michael; Oberender, Nadine,journal=Chemical Communications,issue=18,page=1729}} {{doi,10.1039/a703634e}},/ref, ...

https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posebno:MobileDiff/2620462

This phenomenon is also called auto-refrigeration. Boil-off gas from land based LNG storage tanks is usually compressed and fed ... "Fuels and Chemicals - Autoignition Temperatures". Archived from the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2015.. ... AP-X - designed by Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. (APCI). *AP-SMR (Single Mixed Refrigerant) - designed by Air Products & ... AP-N (Nitrogen Refrigerant) - designed by Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. (APCI). *MFC (mixed fluid cascade) - designed by Linde ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas

These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the Sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small ... These characterizations stem from the ecosystem concept, which assumes that the phenomena under investigation (interactions and ... structural and chemical) suggests a bottom-up form of regulation or control.[17][18][19] Recent studies have concluded that ... obtain energy by the chemical oxidation of inorganic compounds and can grow in dark environments, such as the sulfur bacterium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_web

"Biology-based" as coined by NCCIH may refer to chemicals from a nonbiological source, such as use of the poison lead in ... and holistic medicine are among many rebrandings of the same phenomenon. Alternative therapies share in common that they reside ... changing social attitudes about not using chemicals and challenging the establishment and authority of any kind, sensitivity to ... Ernst cites as evidence the phenomenon whereby 100% of a sample of acupuncture trials originating in China had positive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, Vol. 10, 2006. pp. 430-436.. *Dam, J., Velikovsky, C.A., Mariuzza R.A., et al. ... In order to investigate this phenomenon, a centrifuge with even higher speeds was needed, and thus the ultracentrifuge was ... In the chemical and food industries, special centrifuges can process a continuous stream of particle-laden liquid. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugation

Electrical or chemical stimulation of the rat hippocampus causes strengthening of synaptic signals, a process known as long- ... Cross-sensitization is a phenomenon in which sensitization to a stimulus is generalized to a related stimulus, resulting in the ... and some medically unexplained syndromes such as fibromyalgia and multiple chemical sensitivity. Sensitization may also ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitization

The psychological phenomenon of illusory superiority was identified as a form of cognitive bias in Kruger and Dunning's 1999 ... This belief was based on his misunderstanding of the chemical properties of lemon juice as an invisible ink.[3] ... Other investigations of the phenomenon, such as "Why People Fail to Recognize Their Own Incompetence" (2003), indicate that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DunningKruger_effect

Using this knowledge, he began researching the phenomenon of "interference" in 1947. By June 1948, witnessing currents flowing ... "Nanofluidic transistor, the basis of future chemical processors". Berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012 ... carriers in the channel of a MOSFET is a function of the electric field forming the channel and of various other phenomena such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_transistor

In recognition of her discovery of and continuing work on chemical mutagenesis. ... and extensive contributions in the field of invertebrate zoology and to our understanding of general biological phenomena. ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_Medal

"Blood chemicals link' to eczema". Health. BBC NEWS. 2007-08-26. Retrieved 2008-11-01.. ... "Elevated CSF levels of substance P and high incidence of Raynaud phenomenon in patients with fibromyalgia: new features for ... SP initiates expression of almost all known immunological chemical messengers (cytokines).[19][20][21] Also, most of the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

Kurzweil is also known for his history of the universe in six epochs: (1) the physical/chemical epoch, (2) the life epoch, (3) ... Engineering is the goal-oriented process of designing and making tools and systems to exploit natural phenomena for practical ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological

Moreover, chemical analysis of the neurons and their environment is more easily accomplished than in an in vivo setting. ... Nevertheless, plasticity in neuronal networks is a phenomenon that is well-established in the neuroscience community, and one ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_neuronal_network

The Journal of Chemical Physics 121 (22): 11296. Bibcode:2004JChPh.12111296E. PMID 15634085. doi:10.1063/1.1814074.. ... three centuries attempts to approach the absolute zero of temperature have led to the discovery of many important phenomena, ...

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/고체_질소

Using chemical proxies from Antarctic ice cores, researchers have estimated the fluctuations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and ... the term has gained broader usage in conservation biology as a global phenomenon.[5][126] ... global Orca populations are poised to collapse due to toxic chemical and PCB pollution. PCBs are still leaking into the sea in ... using chemical proxies from Antarctic ice cores, generally indicate that the peak of the Anthropocene occurred within the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_mass_extinction

"On some new phenomena of chemical changes produced by electricity, in particular the decomposition of the fixed alkalies, and ... Journal of Chemical Education. American Chemical Society. 80 (8): 952-961. Bibcode:2003JChEd..80..952J. doi:10.1021/ed080p952. ... Physical and chemicalEdit. The physical and chemical properties of the alkali metals can be readily explained by their having ... Connelly, Neil G.; Geiger, William E. (1996). "Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry". Chemical Reviews. 96 (2): ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

The subfield of animation studies descriptions for surfaces (and other phenomena) that move or deform over time. Historically, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_graphics_

It can also be applied to wave phenomena such as sound. In this case the speed of sound is used instead of that of light, and a ... For air, n − 1 is proportional to the density of the gas as long as the chemical composition does not change.[42] This means ... The colors of a soap bubble are determined by the optical path length through the thin soap film in a phenomenon called thin- ... This type of devices are commonly used in chemical laboratories for identification of substances and for quality control. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_refraction

... there is also the phenomenon of work-family enhancement, which occurs when positive effects carry over from one domain into the ... International Chemical Safety Card. *National Day of Mourning (Canadian observance). *Process safety management ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology

Huizenga 1993, p. viii "Enhancing the probability of a nuclear reaction by 50 orders of magnitude (...) via the chemical ... Interest dies as only a small band of believers is able to 'produce the phenomenon' (...) even in the face of overwhelming ... Kozima, Hideo (2006), "The Science of the Cold Fusion phenomenon", New York: Elsevier Science, ISBN 0-08-045110-1. ... The number of papers sharply declined after 1990 because of two simultaneous phenomena:[158] scientists abandoning the field ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion

Transport phenomenaEdit. Main article: Transport phenomena. Modeling and analysis of transport phenomena is essential for many ... American Institute of Chemical Engineers (2003a), "Speeding up the human genome project" (PDF), Chemical Engineering Progress, ... Chemical engineers "develop economic ways of using materials and energy".[36] Chemical engineers use chemistry and engineering ... Chemical engineering emerged upon the development of unit operations, a fundamental concept of the discipline of chemical ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering

Cargo eductors on oil product and chemical ship tankers. *Inspirators that mix air and flammable gas in grills, gas stoves, ... the gap between the Twin Towers of the original World Trade Center was an extreme example of the phenomenon, which made the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venturi_effect

An important influence on tenacity is the type of chemical bond (e.g., ionic or metallic).[9]:255-256 Of the other measures of ... To this end, in their focus on the connection between atomic-scale phenomena and macroscopic properties, the mineral sciences ( ... The most abundant mineral in the Earth, bridgmanite, has this structure.[10] Its chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)SiO3; the red ... A few minerals are chemical elements, including sulfur, copper, silver, and gold, but the vast majority are compounds. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogist

On that basis "... free will cannot be squeezed into time frames of 150-350 ms; free will is a longer term phenomenon" and free ... McKewan, Jaclyn (2009). "Evolution, Chemical". In H. James Birx". Predeterminism. Encyclopedia of Time: Science, Philosophy, ... This phenomenon corresponds with an impairment in the premotor mechanism manifested temporally by the appearance of the ... any observation necessitates an interference with the course of the phenomena, which is of such a nature that it deprives us of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_will

Pyriproxyfen is recommended as a chemical larvicide, mainly because it is safe for humans and effective even in small doses.[4] ... This phenomenon, in which certain populations develop immunity to yellow fever due to prolonged exposure in their childhood, is ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

When khat leaves dry, the more potent chemical, cathinone, decomposes within 48 hours, leaving behind the milder chemical, ... Zecharia Madar, "The Khat Phenomenon in Yemen and the Dangers it Poses", in: Ascending the Palm Tree - An Anthology of the ... These chemicals belong to the PPA (phenylpropanolamine) family, a subset of the phenethylamines related to amphetamines and the ... Receptors for serotonin show a high affinity for cathinone, suggesting this chemical is responsible for feelings of euphoria ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khat

This phenomenon is a manifestation of the law of Laplace, which states that the pressure in a spherical viscus is equal to ... Andersen KF, Vulpius T (1999). "Urinary volatile constituents of the lion, Panthera leo". Chemical Senses. 24 (2): 179-189. doi ... Dietland Müller-Schwarze; Robert Milton Silverstein (1980). Chemical signals: vertebrates and aquatic invertebrates. Plenum ... Jorgenson JW, Novotny M, Carmack M, Copland GB, Wilson SR, Katona S, Whitten WK (1978). "Chemical Scent Constituents in the ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/ادرار_کردن?match=en

Shape moiré is one type of moiré pattern demonstrating the phenomenon of moiré magnification.[6][7] 1D shape moiré is the ... However, they have significant lattice misfit of about 20 to 24% (based on the chemical composition of alloy) what then leads ... In physics, its manifestation is the beat phenomenon that occurs in many wave interference conditions. ... "Precisely aligned graphene grown on hexagonal boron nitride by catalyst free chemical vapor deposition". Scientific Reports. 3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moire_pattern

It forms the foundation to treat general phenomena in materials science and engineering, including chemical reactions, ... Main article: Chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates at which systems that are out of equilibrium ... Also, chemical and physical methods are also used to synthesize other materials such as polymers, ceramics, thin films, etc. As ... Main article: Chemical bonding. To obtain a full understanding of the material structure and how it relates to its properties, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science

Experiments show that 8-hydroxyquinoline, a chemical produced at the root of C. diffusa, has a negative effect only on plants ... Invasion of long-established ecosystems by organisms from distant bio-regions is a natural phenomenon, which has likely been ... Dispersal and subsequent proliferation of species is not solely an anthropogenic phenomenon. There are many mechanisms by which ... Invasive species might alter their environment by releasing chemical compounds, modifying abiotic factors, or affecting the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species

Scientific American is the essential guide to the most awe-inspiring advances in science and technology, explaining how they change our understanding of the world and shape our lives.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chemical-phenomena/?error=cookies_not_supported&code=cdeb5ccc-e949-4896-a5c2-589406da4909

The subject is approached by considering how chemical phenomena interact in a complex system such as a spark ignition engi ... Unraveling the Chemical Phenomena Occurring in Spark Ignition Engines 700489. The principles of combustion in a spark ignition ... The subject is approached by considering how chemical phenomena interact in a complex system such as a spark ignition engine. ... Citation: Edwards, J. and Teague, D., "Unraveling the Chemical Phenomena Occurring in Spark Ignition Engines," SAE Technical ...

https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/700489/

... diffusion and chemical reaction in wall-flow monoliths. The advantage of having analytical instead of numerical treatments is ... Computationally Fast Implementations of Convection, Diffusion and Chemical Reaction Phenomena in Diesel Particulate Filters ... In the present work we derive analytical solutions for the problem of convection, diffusion and chemical reaction in wall-flow ... Citation: Konstandopoulos, A. and Kostoglou, M., "Computationally Fast Implementations of Convection, Diffusion and Chemical ...

https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers/content/2010-01-0890/

Chemical Engineering, , Upcoming Events , Recent Events , Transport Phenomena and Protein Stability in Downstream Processing of ... Transport Phenomena and Protein Stability in Downstream Processing of Biopharmaceuticals. *Chemical Engineering Seminar Series ... Transport Phenomena and Protein Stability in Downstream Processing of Biopharmaceuticals-Chemical Engineering - Carnegie Mellon ... Chemical Engineering Seminar Series - Professor Michael Baldea. *Chemical Engineering Seminar Series - Professor Chaitan Khosla ...

https://www.cmu.edu/cheme/upcoming-events/past-events/carta.html

Interfacial phenomena in gas hydrate systems Z. M. Aman and C. A. Koh, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2016, 45, 1678 DOI: 10.1039/C5CS00791G ... a School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy M050, Crawley WA, Australia E ... b Colorado School of Mines, Center for Hydrate Research, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1600 Illinois St, ... The fundamental physical and chemical knowledge and methods presented in this review may be of value in probing parallel ...

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2016/CS/C5CS00791G

The Peters group studies chemical reaction kinetics, nucleation kinetics, and catalysis in a variety of contexts. They use ... CHEMICAL ENGINEERING. Engineering II Building. University of California, Santa Barbara. Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080 ... The Peters group studies chemical reaction kinetics, nucleation kinetics, and catalysis in a variety of contexts. They use ... The Fredrickson group has developed rare event sampling techniques for field-based simulations of phenomena including ...

https://www.chemengr.ucsb.edu/research/modeling-theory-simulation/kinetic-phenomena

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/57/1481/590

Chemical Phenomena: The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction ... Chemical Phenomenon; Chemical Concept; Concept, Chemical; Concepts, Chemical; Phenomena, Chemical; Phenomenon, Chemical; ... Chemical Phenomena. Subscribe to New Research on Chemical Phenomena The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and ...

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The Origin of the Chemical Elements and the Oklo Phenomenon. Authors. * P.K. Kuroda ... The Origin of the Chemical Elements and the Oklo Phenomenon. Authors: Kuroda, P.K. ... While serving as a tour speaker of the American Chemical Society for many years, I have had the privilege of visiting many ...

https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642686696

Representations of chemical phenomena in secondary school chemistry textbooks J. Enero Upahi and U. Ramnarain, Chem. Educ. Res ... Therefore, this study investigated how chemical phenomena are represented or depicted in secondary school chemistry textbooks. ... Pract., 12, 5-14) to analyze the textbooks for types of representations; relatedness of chemical representations to text; and ... While many of the chemical representations were completely related to the texts, some were unlinked. The germaneness of ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2019/rp/c8rp00191j

The model incorporates turbulent fluid dynamics, chemical reaction kinetics, and heat and mass transfer. The key features ... Mathematical Modeling of the Combined Turbulent Transport Phenomena, Chemical Reactions, and Thermal Radiation in a Flash- ... The model incorporates turbulent fluid dynamics, chemical reaction kinetics, and heat and mass transfer. The key features ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/10008704.html

Tunneling Phenomena in Chemical Physics: New Book. Shipped from US within 10 to 14 business days. Established seller since 2000 ... Title: Tunneling Phenomena in Chemical Physics. Publisher: CRC Press. Publication Date: 1988. Binding: HRD. Book Condition: New ... Tunneling Phenomena in Chemical Physics. Goldanskii, V. I.. Published by CRC Press, 1988 ... 4. Tunneling Phenomena in Chemical Physics (Hardback) Vitalii I. Goldanskii, L.I. Trakhtenberg, V.N. Fleurov ...

https://www.abebooks.com/Tunneling-Phenomena-Chemical-Physics-GolDanskii-Trakhtenberg/10587444673/bd

Various transport phenomena in conjunction with chemical reactions are strongly affected by reformer configurations and the ... Article The CFD approach to analyse transport phenomena-coupled chemical reactions relevant for methane reformers. ... The CFD approach to analyse transport phenomena-coupled chemical .... The CFD approach to analyse transport phenomena-coupled ... No comments were found for The CFD approach to analyse transport phenomena-coupled chemical reactions relevant for methane ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/the-cfd-approach-to-analyse-transport-phenomena-coupled-chemical-reactions-relevant-for-methane-refo-84926

... and a discussion of some motivational strategies that may be beneficial to patient and clinicians in addressing the phenomenon. ... and a discussion of some motivational strategies that may be beneficial to patient and clinicians in addressing the phenomenon. ...

https://www.painweek.org/media/video/chemical-coping-clinical-phenomenon-part-2

... and the atomic number 13 belong to the chemical element Aluminium. It is a solid material and the most abundant metal in the ... A chemical element and the goalkeeper phenomenon. 06.03.2011, 17:54 Uhr von: Redaktion ... Another regularity is that this phenomenon only applies to goalkeepers, so I will refer to it as „the goalkeeper phenomenon" in ... But this phenomenon only shows close to 2 goalposts and a crossbar made of aluminium and so we can assume that it is linked to ...

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Diffusion with homogeneous chemical reaction of a solid sphere in a liquid ... Transport phenomena mass transfer problem solution BSL : ...

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This course concentrates on a rigorous development of the multicomponent transport equations, boundary conditions at phase interfaces, and volume-averaged transport equations for multiphase reacting systems. (BB)

https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ193208

There are thousands of termite species, and many engage in chemical warfare. Some squirt noxious chemicals from nozzles on ... How to Follow Your Phenomena Favorites. Heres where to find us, and new RSS feeds to make it easier to keep up with the latest ... Phenomena is hosted by National Geographic magazine, which invites you to join the conversation. Follow on Twitter at @ ... Phenomena is a gathering of spirited science writers who take delight in the new, the strange, the beautiful and awe-inspiring ...

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Emphasis was placed on the role of crystallization phenomena and phase transition on the advent of lactose powder caking. Two ... More precisely, our study has highlighted the preponderant role of the crystallization phenomenon and the transitions taking ... Multiscale investigation of caking phenomenon of lactose powders : from physico-chemical aspects to industrial applications ... Multiscale investigation of caking phenomenon of lactose powders : from physico-chemical aspects to industrial applications. ...

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Development of biosensor systems based on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon: physical, chemical, and biological aspects ...

https://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Paper/10.1117/12.530451

Browsing Chemical engineering by Subject "acid-base interaction; apolar media; interfacial phenomena; particle charge; trace ...

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The chemical analysis showed that more than 85% of the fouling material was CaCO3, which was expected from the chemical ... an undesirable yet unavoidable phenomenon. Due to the fouling deposit on the heat transfer surfaces, the thermal resistance ... the tube-in-tube heat exchanger was further analyzed by using a CCD camera with a borescope probe and by adopting a chemical ... Thermal and Chemical Analysis of Fouling Phenomenon in Condensers for Cooling Tower Applications ...

https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/iracc/1212/

This post by Amphos 21 describes how to model Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical phenomena using iMaGe, a multiphysics and ... This post by Amphos 21 describes how to model Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical phenomena using iMaGe, a multiphysics and ... Amphos 21: Modeling Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical Phenomena Guest Jorge Molinero February 18, 2014 ... Porous Media, a Playground for Coupled Physical and Chemical Phenomena. A large number of problems in porous media frequently ...

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An efficient numerical scheme for solving Hammerstein integral equation arisen in chemical phenomenon.. ... An efficient numerical scheme for solving Hammerstein integral equation arisen in chemical phenomenon. ...

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Grade 10 physical science students reasoning about basic chemical phenomena at submicroscopic level. Nyanhi, Musekiwa Gift ... Grade 10 physical science students reasoning about basic chemical phenomena at submicroscopic level. Login ... The study investigated South African Grade 10 Physical science learners reasoning about basic chemical phenomena at sub- ... Citation: Nyanhi, Musekiwa Gift (2013) Grade 10 physical science students reasoning about basic chemical phenomena at ...

http://uir.unisa.ac.za/handle/10500/14145

Chemical engineering homework help, Chemical engineering help, Similarity Of Momentum, Mass And Heat Transfer Anology and ... Assignment help services provided by assignmenthelp.net have quality solutions for student in Chemical Engineering, ... Transport Phenomenon Help , Chemical Engineering Assignment Help , Chemical Engineering Help , Chemical Engineering Solutions ... Following are some of the areas in Chemical Engineering Transport Phenomenons which we provide help:. Chemical Engineering ...

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COMBUSTION PHENOMENA OF BORON CONTAINING PROPELLANTS International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion, Vol. ... DECOMPOSITION AND OXIDATION PHENOMENA OF GELLED NITROMETHANE-BASED MONOPROPELLANTS. Dominic Freudenmann German Aerospace Center ... Inicio , Revistas , International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion , Volumen 17, 2018 Edición 3 , ... International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion. DOI: 10.1615/IntJEnergeticMaterialsChemProp.2019027996 ...

http://dl.begellhouse.com/es/journals/17bbb47e377ce023,7470a69b0161120b,461138886be04a03.html

I. A Method for Measuring High-Velocity Approach to Certain Physical and Chemical Equilibria. M. C. Johnson, F. A. Vick ... Cathode Ray Oscillography of Gas Adsorption Phenomena. I. A Method for Measuring High-Velocity Approach to Certain Physical and ... Cathode Ray Oscillography of Gas Adsorption Phenomena. I. A Method for Measuring High-Velocity Approach to Certain Physical and ... Cathode Ray Oscillography of Gas Adsorption Phenomena. I. A Method for Measuring High-Velocity Approach to Certain Physical and ...

http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/151/873/296

New Trends in Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern-Forming Phenomena: The Geometry of Nonequilibrium was to bring together ... The main topics of interest included pattern formation in chemical systems, materials and convection, traveling waves in binary ... The basic aim of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "New Trends in Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern-Forming Phenomena: The ... New Trends in Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern-Forming Phenomena. The Geometry of Nonequilibrium. ...

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The second international conference on the subject of Picosecond Phenomena was held June 18-20, 1980, in Cape Cod, ... Part of the Springer Series in Chemical Physics book series (CHEMICAL, volume 14) ... Picosecond Phenomena II. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Picosecond Phenomena Cape Cod, Massachusetts, ... Photodissociation, Short-Lived Intermediates, and Charge Transfer Phenomena in Liquids K. B. Eisenthal, M. K. Crawford, C. ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-87861-9

He is an expert in interfacial phenomena and (co-)author of 15 ISI journal papers . (tudelft.nl)
Physical-chemical mechanics focuses on the analysis of the complex physical-chemical interfacial phenomena taking place both in the transition of a dispersed system into a material, such as in the course of pressing, sintering, hydration hardening, and sol-gel transitions, and in the course of the dispersion of bulk materials taking place in milling, mechanical treatment, friction and wear, and fracturing. (itseyeris.com)
Solubility and interfacial phenomena. (elsevier.com)

Mathematical Modeling of the Combined Turbulent Transport Phenomena, Chemical Reactions, and Thermal Radiation in a Flash-furnace Shaft. (cdc.gov)
Examines from a unified viewpoint not only chemical reactions but also other physical physicochemical and biological phenomena in which the tunneling effect is of great importance. (abebooks.com)
Covers the general ideas of tunneling, the low temperature chemical reactions that manifest tunneling mechanisms, tunneling effects in amorphous materials, quantum diffusion and surface phenomena in quantum crystals, hopping diffusion and tunneling scavenging of electrons, and tunneling effects in biological systems. (abebooks.com)
Examines from a unified viewpoint not only chemical reactions but also other.Shipping may be from our Sydney, NSW warehouse or from our UK or US warehouse, depending on stock availability. (abebooks.com)
Various transport phenomena in conjunction with chemical reactions are strongly affected by reformer configurations and the properties of the involved porous catalyst layers. (environmental-expert.com)
The considered composite duct is relevant for a methane steam reformer and consists of a porous layer for the catalytic chemical reactions, the fuel gas flow duct and the solid plate. (environmental-expert.com)
A large number of problems in porous media frequently involve several coupled phenomena, such as liquid flow, solute and heat transport, elastic and plastic mechanical deformations, and geochemical reactions. (comsol.nl)
The theory of diffusion flames, however, is less advanced than that of premixed flames and, since gas intermixing is mainly responsible for the structure and the features of diffusion flames, the theory operates more in terms of physics and thermodynamics than chemical reactions . (britannica.com)
Their preparation, crystal growth and dissolution, chemical reactions including thermal decomposition, IR, Raman and NMR spectra and various physical properties are discussed. (elsevier.com)

A Course in Transport Phenomena in Multicomponent, Multiphase, Reacting Systems. (ed.gov)

The generated protein ring patterns display a behavior which is geometrically related to a n -simplex model and is explained through thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. (mdpi.com)
This textbook introduces chemistry and chemical engineering students to molecular descriptions of thermodynamics, chemical systems, and biomolecules. (wiley.com)
These equations also demonstrate the deep connection between transport phenomena and thermodynamics, a connection that explains why transport phenomena are irreversible. (wikipedia.org)

Introduction: Analysis of Transport Phenomena 2nd edition is a book written by William Murray Deen. (chemicalpdf.com)

The Peters group studies chemical reaction kinetics, nucleation kinetics, and catalysis in a variety of contexts. (ucsb.edu)
The model incorporates turbulent fluid dynamics, chemical reaction kinetics, and heat and mass transfer. (cdc.gov)

Cathode Ray Oscillography of Gas Adsorption Phenomena. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
2. Adsorption Phenomena, René Lalauze. (wiley.com)

Enables students to see the connection between transport phenomena and macroscopic calculations, thus eliminating the tendency to treat the two approaches as separate subject matter. (informit.com)

Flowchart of the iCP technology for modeling coupled THMC phenomena in COMSOL Multiphysics. (comsol.nl)

Statistical physics provide a powerful tool to describe cooperative many-particle phenomena both in- and out-of-equilibrium based on a detailed atomistic-level description. (truman.edu)
The basic aim of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "New Trends in Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern-Forming Phenomena: The Geometry of Nonequilibrium" was to bring together researchers from various areas of physics to review and explore new ideas regarding the organisation of systems driven far from equilibrium. (springer.com)
Criteria for publication in Chemical Physics are novelty, quality and general interest in experimental and theoretical chemical physics and physical chemistry. (elsevier.com)
In addition to regular research papers, Chemical Physics publishes invited perspectives articles (called ChemPhys Perspectives ) and Special Thematic Issues. (elsevier.com)
In engineering, physics and chemistry, the study of transport phenomena concerns the exchange of mass, energy, charge, momentum and angular momentum between observed and studied systems. (wikipedia.org)
In physics, transport phenomena are all irreversible processes of statistical nature stemming from the random continuous motion of molecules, mostly observed in fluids. (wikipedia.org)

Download full Physico Chemical Phenomena In Thin Films And At Solid Surfaces Book or read online anytime anywhere, Available in PDF, ePub and Kindle. (itseyeris.com)
We cannot guarantee that Physico Chemical Phenomena In Thin Films And At Solid Surfaces book is in the library. (itseyeris.com)
Since the most important physico-chemical phenomena in such media are accompanied by the rearrangement of an intra- and intermolecular coordinates and consequently a surrounding molecular ensemble, the theory of radiationless multi-vibrational transitions is used for its description. (itseyeris.com)
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But so they had the ebook Advanced Transport Phenomena: Fluid Mechanics and Convective Transport Processes (Cambridge Series Antichrist they was controlled to weave anti-Nazi. (indoorsoccerliga.de)
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It is released then with the most Nazi words for rid ebook Advanced Transport Phenomena: Fluid Mechanics. (indoorsoccerliga.de)
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Some of the most common examples of transport analysis in engineering are seen in the fields of process, chemical, biological, and mechanical engineering, but the subject is a fundamental component of the curriculum in all disciplines involved in any way with fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and mass transfer. (wikipedia.org)

UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING CHEE 305 - TRANSPORT PHENOMENA SPRING 2017 Test 2 Friday, March 10 Problem 1 (50 %) A very thin electric heater is sandwiched between two walls of the same material (thermal conductivity k = 5 W/m K) with the same width (L = 10 cm) (see figure). (coursehero.com)
In your final year, you'll have the opportunity to build on your chemical engineering knowledge by specialising in environmental engineering. (bath.ac.uk)
This solicitation will support projects that tackle these grand challenges using a convergent research model that seamlessly integrates fundamental knowledge and expertise from the fields of chemical process, transport, and biological science and engineering with that of the sustainability and environmental engineering fields. (nsf.gov)
Accordingly, the Environmental Convergence Opportunities in Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (ECO-CBET) solicitation will support fundamental research activities that confront vexing environmental engineering and sustainability problems by developing foundational knowledge underlying processes and mechanisms such that the design of innovative new materials, processes, and systems is possible. (nsf.gov)
A key objective of the solicitation is to encourage dialogue and tightly integrated collaborations wherein the chemical process systems, transport phenomena, and bioengineering communities engage with environmental engineering and sustainability experts to spark innovation and arrive at unanticipated solutions. (nsf.gov)
Through combining chemical with environmental engineering, you will design processes and products that minimise impacts on air, land and water. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The department teaches a common first year across chemical engineering and environmental engineering courses. (nottingham.ac.uk)

An Well-intentioned pdf Transport Phenomena for Chemical Reactor Design 2003 of silent things for( browse of) Minkowski health 've the Born is. (hsg-lw.de)
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In chemical engineering, transport phenomena are studied in reactor design, analysis of molecular or diffusive transport mechanisms, and metallurgy. (wikipedia.org)

Therefore, this study investigated how chemical phenomena are represented or depicted in secondary school chemistry textbooks. (ed.gov)
A two-tier multiple-choice paper and pencil Test of Basic Chemistry Knowledge (TBCK) based on the three levels of chemical representation of matter was administered to the 280 physical science learners in their Grade 11 first term to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. (unisa.ac.za)
Dr. Piotr Bernatowicz from the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw and Prof. Slawomir Szymanski from the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the PAS have predicted and observed that quantum phenomena can mimic classical rotations of atomic groups in molecules. (eurekalert.org)
Technological needs for chemical, ionic and biological species detection are giving rise to continuous research and development in physico-chemistry and biology. (wiley.com)
Extensive math derivations are provided, yet the book retains the significant chemical rigor needed in physical chemistry. (powells.com)
He has received the Surface Chemistry or Colloids Award from the American Chemical Society and a Senior Humboldt Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, which has allowed him to establish collaborations with researchers in Germany. (powells.com)

The second part of the book considers the numerous surface phenomena. (itseyeris.com)
The second section covers surface phenomena taking place in solid-like structures with phase contacts and in compact bodies with an emphasis on several applications and processes as well as the special role of the Rehbinder effect. (itseyeris.com)

The main topics of interest included pattern formation in chemical systems, materials and convection, traveling waves in binary fluids and liquid crystals, defects and their role in the disorganisa- tion of structures, spatio-temporal intermittency, instabilities and large-scale vortices in open flows, the mathematics of non-equilibrium systems, turbulence, and last but not least growth phenomena. (springer.com)
We have been working on various transport phenomena of complex fluids and soft matters (complex fluids, polymers, colloids, etc) by mainly using methods of computer simulations. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)
Such microscopic simulations, however, tend to require enormous computation time for performing meaningful simulations of complex fluids and soft matters because meso- or macro-scale phenomena are of particular interest often for them. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)

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This course will equip you with core scientific and engineering knowledge, practical laboratory skills, teamworking, problem solving and other transferable skills needed to pursue a career in chemical engineering with a specialist expertise in environment protection and sustainability. (nottingham.ac.uk)
They have the technical training and transferable skills needed to pursue a career in chemical engineering with specialist expertise in environmental protection and sustainability. (nottingham.ac.uk)
The research groups collaborate intensively with the chemical industry to ensure the sustainability of chemical processes by increasing their energy and feedstock efficiency, as well as cooperating in the development of novel chemical and physical operating windows. (tue.nl)

Revised and updated throughout, Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook, Second Edition features the three Hansen solubility parameters for over 1200 chemicals and correlations for over 400 materials including polymers, inorganic salts, and biological materials. (routledge.com)

This book places a large emphasis on interaction between chemical and biological species, in a gaseous or liquid state, and details mineral and biological materials acting as sensitive elements. (wiley.com)
1. Chemical and Biological Recognition, Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault. (wiley.com)

Once the solubility limits are reached, the minerals precipitate and deposit on the heat transfer surfaces: an undesirable yet unavoidable phenomenon. (purdue.edu)
Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) are used to predict molecular affinities, solubility, and solubility-related phenomena. (routledge.com)

The integration of multiphysics and geochemistry in porous media is known as reactive transport modeling , referring to the fact that groundwater and solute transport is coupled to geochemical processes, specifically water-rock interaction phenomena. (comsol.nl)

The symbol „Al" and the atomic number 13 belong to the chemical element Aluminium. (schwatzgelb.de)
each has its own atomic arrangement and distinctive set of physical and chemical properties. (britannica.com)

The focus of year two is to develop the fundamental engineering sciences into the key processes and operations that are common within chemical engineering, such as process control, separations and plant design. (nottingham.ac.uk)

The Fredrickson group has developed rare event sampling techniques for field-based simulations of phenomena including nucleation of ordered block copolymer mesophases and identification of kinetic pathways for defect elimination in directed self-assembly approaches to advanced semiconductor patterning (lithography). (ucsb.edu)
Wang, XJ & Nicolis, G 1987, ' Bifurcation phenomena in coupled chemical oscillators: Normal form analysis and numerical simulations ', Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena , vol. 26, no. 1-3, pp. 140-155. (nyu.edu)

The first part discusses the correlation of mass transfer phenomena in the ultrafiltration of spent cooking liquor. (aalto.fi)
The main interest throughout the thesis is to develop useful and scientifically justified methods for correlating mass transfer and filtration mechanisms in order to interpret the phenomena taking place in the studied unit operations. (aalto.fi)

The fundamental physical and chemical knowledge and methods presented in this review may be of value in probing parallel systems of crystal growth in solid inclusion compounds, crystal growth modifiers, emulsion stabilization, and reactive particle flow in solid slurries. (rsc.org)
This represents a major weakness of stage models, as, generally, these parameters are not directly transferable to different chemical systems or geometries. (cetjournal.it)
Physical-Chemical Mechanics of Disperse Systems and Materials is a novel interdisciplinary area in the science of the disperse state of matter. (itseyeris.com)
Dispersion phenomena in flow-injection systems. (cdc.gov)
Predictive (theoretical) models that have attempted to explain dispersion phenomena in FI systems were discussed. (cdc.gov)
Process science and engineering, in the context of this solicitation, is broadly defined to include all programmatic interests of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorate for Engineering's (ENG) Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET). (nsf.gov)
Manuscripts that apply standard methods to specific physical-chemical problems and/or to specific systems are appropriate if they report novel results for an important problem of high interest and/or if they provide significant new insights. (elsevier.com)
However, the scope here is limited to the relationship of transport phenomena to artificial engineered systems. (wikipedia.org)
Almost all of these physical phenomena ultimately involve systems seeking their lowest energy state in keeping with the principle of minimum energy. (wikipedia.org)

The subject is approached by considering how chemical phenomena interact in a complex system such as a spark ignition engine. (sae.org)
Specific attention is paid to challenges in PFM application related to a variety of electromechanical coupling phenomena and the complex image formation mechanisms. (nature.com)

Furthermore, justifications to the multiple-choice tasks revealed lack of understanding of basic chemical concepts as well as language problems amongst learners as they could not clearly express their reasoning. (unisa.ac.za)
Every aspect of transport phenomena is grounded in two primary concepts : the conservation laws, and the constitutive equations. (wikipedia.org)

The results revealed that most Grade 10 learners find it easy to identify pure elements and the solid state but find it difficult to negotiate between the three levels (macroscopic, sub-microscopic and symbolic) of chemical representation of matter. (unisa.ac.za)

We enjoy performing fundamental research to gain a deep understanding of the underlying phenomena, while at the same time we find it important to apply our knowledge to real-life applications.We use both theoretical and computational models, and non-intrusive experiments based on laser and X-ray techniques. (tudelft.nl)
The principal quantitative characteristic of a flame is its normal, or fundamental, burning velocity, which depends on the chemical and thermodynamic properties of the mixture and on pressure and temperature, under given conditions of heat loss. (britannica.com)
The research within this thematic cluster covers a broad spectrum in the field of the chemical engineering sciences, ranging from fundamental scientific understanding to targeted engineering applications. (tue.nl)

The term P refers to the number of phases that are present within the system, and C is the minimum number of independent chemical components that are necessary to describe the composition of all phases within the system. (britannica.com)

The relationship between chemical compositions and crystal structures were investigated through the materials surveying of perovskite-type phases. (nii.ac.jp)
The Transport Phenomena group studies the transport of mass, momentum and heat in physical and (electro)chemical processes related to advanced materials processing, energy conversion and storage, and health. (tudelft.nl)
Ease of structural manipulation, the symmetry, and chemical/physical properties of proteins make protein assemblies useful in various nanotechnology applications, for example, arrangement of nanoparticles in multidimensional patterns and generating new functional materials with exceptional applications [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. (mdpi.com)
SOUNDBITE) (English) IVO STASSEN, POST-DOCTORAL RESEARCHER AT UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN, SAYING: "At the first step we optimise the chemical synthesis of these materials and then we end up with a powder with the characteristics that we need. (reuters.com)
A chemical substance-such as ink, paint, crayons, or chalk-that gives color to materials. (scienceclarified.com)
This degree has been accredited by the Institute of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) and IOM 3 (Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining) under licence from the UK regulator, the Engineering Council. (nottingham.ac.uk)
A lack of understanding about ion-specific surface interactions has hampered the development and application of materials for (bio-)chemical sensor applications. (nature.com)

Handling all the different physical and chemical processes and their interactions in a single model is not a simple task. (comsol.nl)
The collisions of neutral or charged gaseous particles with solid surfaces govern many physical and chemical phenomena, as has been The gas/solid phenomena in turn depend on a recognized for a long time. (citalivres.com)

In 1893, the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen experienced a strange phenomenon when he was travelling north of Siberia: his ship was slowed by a mysterious force and he could barely manoeuvre, let alone pick up normal speed. (cnrs.fr)

Effects of chemical compositions and temperatures on the distortion phenomena observed in perovskite-type structures. (nii.ac.jp)

I am a chemical engineer with broad experience in modeling and simulation of transport processes with chemical reaction. (freelancer.in)

We demonstrate that the emergence of the steady state is a manifestation of the Gibbs phenomenon well-known in signal processing and in truncated discrete Fourier expansions. (nist.gov)

Chemical Phenomena" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
We present several phenomena (empty space phenomenon, sphere volume related phenomena, distance concentration) in high-dimensional descriptor spaces which are not encountered in two and three dimensions. (uni-konstanz.de)

The conclusion is that the classic single channel model for DPF simulation can for all practical conditions accommodate diffusive phenomena with no added computational cost and without significantly altering the structure of existing code implementations. (sae.org)

If Mark were a precise sort of sociologist, e.g., the type who does detailed mathematical analyses of particular social phenomena, his thinking would have a disciplined and scholarly character which the narrator tells us it did not have. (evolutionnews.org)
This book is a true introduction to transport phenomena that presents all basic principles with a minimum of mathematical complexity. (informit.com)
Mass, momentum, and heat transport all share a very similar mathematical framework, and the parallels between them are exploited in the study of transport phenomena to draw deep mathematical connections that often provide very useful tools in the analysis of one field that are directly derived from the others. (wikipedia.org)

In the present work we derive analytical solutions for the problem of convection, diffusion and chemical reaction in wall-flow monoliths. (sae.org)
Konstandopoulos, A. and Kostoglou, M., "Computationally Fast Implementations of Convection, Diffusion and Chemical Reaction Phenomena in Diesel Particulate Filters," SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0890, 2010, https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0890 . (sae.org)

Recognize and describe evidence of a chemical reaction. (explorelearning.com)
The conservation laws, which in the context of transport phenomena are formulated as continuity equations, describe how the quantity being studied must be conserved. (wikipedia.org)

We thus aim to develop unique and new methodologies useful in chemical engineering by using recent progress of several theoretical approaches, while empirical methods have mainly been used to analyze transport phenomena in chemical engineering so far. (kyoto-u.ac.jp)

Anatomy4

Organisms5

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science6

Health Care6

An investigation into the binding of the carcinogen 15,16-dihydro-11-methylcyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-one to DNA in vitro. (1/6919)

The interaction of rhodium(II) carboxylates with enzymes. (2/6919)

Glycopeptides from the surgace of human neuroblastoma cells. (3/6919)

The isolation and partial characterization of the serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of the rainbow trout. (4/6919)

Studies of the binding of different iron donors to human serum transferrin and isolation of iron-binding fragments from the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. (5/6919)

Carbon 13 NMR study of nonenzymatic reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with selected amino acids and of related reactions. (6/6919)

Herpetic keratitis. Proctor Lecture. (7/6919)

Crystal structure of the FMN-binding domain of human cytochrome P450 reductase at 1.93 A resolution. (8/6919)

Chemical Phenomena

Models, Chemical

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Raynaud Disease

Chemical Industry

Chemical Warfare

Organic Chemicals

Hazardous Substances

Inorganic Chemicals

Burns, Chemical

Molecular Structure

Molecular Sequence Data

Models, Biological

Chemical Warfare Agents

Kinetics

Time Factors

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Environmental Pollutants

Models, Molecular

No-Reflow Phenomenon

Databases, Chemical

Amino Acid Sequence

Chemistry

Structure-Activity Relationship

Carcinogens

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular

Mass Spectrometry

Temperature

Toxicity Tests

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Mutation

Xenobiotics

Binding Sites

Escherichia coli

Base Sequence

Endocrine Disruptors

Computer Simulation

Small Molecule Libraries

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Toxicology

Protein Binding

Protein Conformation

Cells, Cultured

Cell Line

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Water

Sympathectomy, Chemical

Oxidation-Reduction

Molecular Conformation

Stimulation, Chemical

Environmental Exposure

Amino Acids

Species Specificity

Cross-Linking Reagents

Phenols

Proteins

Physicochemical Phenomena

DNA

Mutagens

Hot Temperature

Thermodynamics

Signal Transduction

Biological Assay

Environmental Monitoring

Drug Evaluation, Preclinical

Chemical Terrorism

Models, Theoretical

Liver

Solvents

Algorithms

Oils, Volatile

Evolution, Chemical

Peptides

Irritants

Animal Testing Alternatives

Indicators and Reagents

Cattle

Surface Properties

Stereoisomerism