Charcot marie tooth disease. Medical search

Chronic progressive degeneration of the stress-bearing portion of a joint, with bizarre hypertrophic changes at the periphery. It is probably a complication of a variety of neurologic disorders, particularly TABES DORSALIS, involving loss of sensation, which leads to relaxation of supporting structures and chronic instability of the joint. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Presence of less than the normal amount of hair. (Dorland, 27th ed)

One of a set of bone-like structures in the mouth used for biting and chewing.

A species of gram-negative bacteria and causative agent of severe bovine ANAPLASMOSIS. It is the most pathogenic of the ANAPLASMA species.

A disease of cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA.

Diseases of the nail plate and tissues surrounding it. The concept is limited to primates.

Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.

Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.

A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.

The seven bones which form the tarsus - namely, CALCANEUS; TALUS; cuboid, navicular, and the internal, middle, and external cuneiforms.

Historical term for a chronic, but fluctuating, disorder beginning in early life and characterized by recurrent and multiple somatic complaints not apparently due to physical illness. This diagnosis is not used in contemporary practice.

Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)

Distortion or disfigurement of the foot, or a part of the foot, acquired through disease or injury after birth.

Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.

The outer covering of the calvaria. It is composed of several layers: SKIN; subcutaneous connective tissue; the occipitofrontal muscle which includes the tendinous galea aponeurotica; loose connective tissue; and the pericranium (the PERIOSTEUM of the SKULL).

Lesion on the surface of the skin of the foot, usually accompanied by inflammation. The lesion may become infected or necrotic and is frequently associated with diabetes or leprosy.

The failure to retain teeth as a result of disease or injury.

The collective tissues from which an entire tooth is formed, including the DENTAL SAC; ENAMEL ORGAN; and DENTAL PAPILLA. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

The teeth of the first dentition, which are shed and replaced by the permanent teeth.

The upper part of the tooth, which joins the lower part of the tooth (TOOTH ROOT) at the cervix (TOOTH CERVIX) at a line called the cementoenamel junction. The entire surface of the crown is covered with enamel which is thicker at the extremity and becomes progressively thinner toward the cervix. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p216)

The part of a tooth from the neck to the apex, embedded in the alveolar process and covered with cementum. A root may be single or divided into several branches, usually identified by their relative position, e.g., lingual root or buccal root. Single-rooted teeth include mandibular first and second premolars and the maxillary second premolar teeth. The maxillary first premolar has two roots in most cases. Maxillary molars have three roots. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p690)

General or unspecified injuries involving the foot.

The emergence of a tooth from within its follicle in the ALVEOLAR PROCESS of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE into the ORAL CAVITY. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Inflammation of the bone.

Gait abnormalities that are a manifestation of nervous system dysfunction. These conditions may be caused by a wide variety of disorders which affect motor control, sensory feedback, and muscle strength including: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; or MUSCULAR DISEASES.

The surgical fixation of a joint by a procedure designed to accomplish fusion of the joint surfaces by promoting the proliferation of bone cells. (Dorland, 28th ed)

An extra tooth, erupted or unerupted, resembling or unlike the other teeth in the group to which it belongs. Its presence may cause malposition of adjacent teeth or prevent their eruption.

Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the teeth.

Loss of the tooth substance by chemical or mechanical processes

The surgical removal of a tooth. (Dorland, 28th ed)

The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.

A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.

A tooth from which the dental pulp has been removed or is necrotic. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.

The most posterior teeth on either side of the jaw, totaling eight in the deciduous dentition (2 on each side, upper and lower), and usually 12 in the permanent dentition (three on each side, upper and lower). They are grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p821)

A tooth that is prevented from erupting by a physical barrier, usually other teeth. Impaction may also result from orientation of the tooth in an other than vertical position in the periodontal structures.

Any change in the hue, color, or translucency of a tooth due to any cause. Restorative filling materials, drugs (both topical and systemic), pulpal necrosis, or hemorrhage may be responsible. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p253)

A normal developing tooth which has not yet perforated the oral mucosa or one that fails to erupt in the normal sequence or time interval expected for the type of tooth in a given gender, age, or population group.

Any of the eight frontal teeth (four maxillary and four mandibular) having a sharp incisal edge for cutting food and a single root, which occurs in man both as a deciduous and a permanent tooth. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p820)

The process of TOOTH formation. It is divided into several stages including: the dental lamina stage, the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage. Odontogenesis includes the production of tooth enamel (AMELOGENESIS), dentin (DENTINOGENESIS), and dental cementum (CEMENTOGENESIS).

A hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy transmitted most often as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by progressive distal wasting and loss of reflexes in the muscles of the legs (and occasionally involving the arms). Onset is usually in the second to fourth decade of life. This condition has been divided into two subtypes, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) types I and II. HMSN I is associated with abnormal nerve conduction velocities and nerve hypertrophy, features not seen in HMSN II. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1343)

The constricted part of the tooth at the junction of the crown and root or roots. It is often referred to as the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), the line at which the cementum covering the root of a tooth and the enamel of the tooth meet. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p530, p433)

A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286)

Physiologic loss of the primary dentition. (Zwemer, Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

The restriction of the MOVEMENT of whole or part of the body by physical means (RESTRAINT, PHYSICAL) or chemically by ANALGESIA, or the use of TRANQUILIZING AGENTS or NEUROMUSCULAR NONDEPOLARIZING AGENTS. It includes experimental protocols used to evaluate the physiologic effects of immobility.

Partial or complete displacement of a tooth from its alveolar support. It is commonly the result of trauma. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p312)

Two teeth united during development by the union of their tooth germs; the teeth may be joined by the enamel of their crowns, by their root dentin, or by both.

The third tooth to the left and to the right of the midline of either jaw, situated between the second INCISOR and the premolar teeth (BICUSPID). (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p817)

The process whereby calcium salts are deposited in the dental enamel. The process is normal in the development of bones and teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p43)

One of the eight permanent teeth, two on either side in each jaw, between the canines (CUSPID) and the molars (MOLAR), serving for grinding and crushing food. The upper have two cusps (bicuspid) but the lower have one to three. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p822)

Solid fixation of a tooth resulting from fusion of the cementum and alveolar bone, with obliteration of the periodontal ligament. It is uncommon in the deciduous dentition and very rare in permanent teeth. (Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

A richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue of mesodermal origin, contained in the central cavity of a tooth and delimited by the dentin, and having formative, nutritive, sensory, and protective functions. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296)

A hollow part of the alveolar process of the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE where each tooth fits and is attached via the periodontal ligament.

Reinsertion of a tooth into the alveolus from which it was removed or otherwise lost.

One of a pair of irregularly shaped bones that form the upper jaw. A maxillary bone provides tooth sockets for the superior teeth, forms part of the ORBIT, and contains the MAXILLARY SINUS.

The hard portion of the tooth surrounding the pulp, covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root, which is harder and denser than bone but softer than enamel, and is thus readily abraded when left unprotected. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Resorption of calcified dental tissue, involving demineralization due to reversal of the cation exchange and lacunar resorption by osteoclasts. There are two types: external (as a result of tooth pathology) and internal (apparently initiated by a peculiar inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp). (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p676)

Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.

Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.

The teeth collectively in the dental arch. Dentition ordinarily refers to the natural teeth in position in their alveoli. Dentition referring to the deciduous teeth is DENTITION, PRIMARY; to the permanent teeth, DENTITION, PERMANENT. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

The removal of a limb or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A treatment modality in endodontics concerned with the therapy of diseases of the dental pulp. For preparatory procedures, ROOT CANAL PREPARATION is available.

Measurement of tooth characteristics.

The largest and strongest bone of the FACE constituting the lower jaw. It supports the lower teeth.

A tooth's loss of minerals, such as calcium in hydroxyapatite from the tooth matrix, caused by acidic exposure. An example of the occurrence of demineralization is in the formation of dental caries.

The 32 teeth of adulthood that either replace or are added to the complement of deciduous teeth. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

A restoration designed to remain in service for not less than 20 to 30 years, usually made of gold casting, cohesive gold, or amalgam. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992)

Congenital absence of the teeth; it may involve all (total anodontia) or only some of the teeth (partial anodontia, hypodontia), and both the deciduous and the permanent dentition, or only teeth of the permanent dentition. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The selected form given to a natural tooth when it is reduced by instrumentation to receive a prosthesis (e.g., artificial crown or a retainer for a fixed or removable prosthesis). The selection of the form is guided by clinical circumstances and physical properties of the materials that make up the prosthesis. (Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p239)

The fibrous CONNECTIVE TISSUE surrounding the TOOTH ROOT, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS).

The thickest and spongiest part of the maxilla and mandible hollowed out into deep cavities for the teeth.

A means of identifying the age of an animal or human through tooth examination.

Linkage relations of locus for X-borne type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth muscular atrophy and that for Xg blood groups. (1/499)

The locus for the X-borne type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth muscular atrophy is not close to the Xg locus and probably not within direct measurable distance of it. (+info)

The Thr124Met mutation in the peripheral myelin protein zero (MPZ) gene is associated with a clinically distinct Charcot-Marie-Tooth phenotype. (2/499)

We observed a missense mutation in the peripheral myelin protein zero gene (MPZ, Thr124Met) in seven Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) families and in two isolated CMT patients of Belgian ancestry. Allele-sharing analysis of markers flanking the MPZ gene indicated that all patients with the Thr124Met mutation have one common ancestor. The mutation is associated with a clinically distinct phenotype characterized by late onset, marked sensory abnormalities and, in some families, deafness and pupillary abnormalities. Nerve conduction velocities of the motor median nerve vary from <38 m/s to normal values in these patients. Clusters of remyelinating axons in a sural nerve biopsy demonstrate an axonal involvement, with axonal regeneration. Phenotype-genotype correlations in 30 patients with the Thr124Met MPZ mutation indicate that, based on nerve conduction velocity criteria, these patients are difficult to classify as CMT1 or CMT2. We therefore conclude that CMT patients with slightly reduced or nearly normal nerve conduction velocity should be screened for MPZ mutations, particularly when additional clinical features such as marked sensory disturbances, pupillary abnormalities or deafness are also present. (+info)

Central visual, acoustic, and motor pathway involvement in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth family with an Asn205Ser mutation in the connexin 32 gene. (3/499)

BACKGROUND: X linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT1X) is an inherited motor and sensory neuropathy that mainly affects the peripheral nervous system. CMT1X is associated with mutations in the gap junction protein connexin 32 (Cx32). Cx32 is expressed in Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in the peripheral (PNS) and in the (CNS) respectively. METHODS: A CMT1X family with a Cx32 mutation was examined clinically and electrophysiologically to determine whether PNS, or CNS, or both pathways were affected. RESULTS: In a CMT1X family a novel mutation (Asn205Ser) was found in the fourth transmembrane domain of Cx32. The patients showed typical clinical and electrophysiological abnormalities in the PNS, but in addition visual, acoustic, and motor pathways of the CNS were affected subclinically. This was indicated by pathological changes in visually evoked potentials (VEPs), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), and central motor evoked potentials (CMEPs). CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the necessity of a careful analysis of CNS pathways in patients with CMT and Cx32 mutations. Abnormal electrophysiological findings in CNS pathway examinations should raise the suspicion of CMTX and a search for gene mutations towards Cx32 should be considered. (+info)

Motor nerve conduction velocity in spinal muscular atrophy of childhood. (4/499)

The ulnar and posterior tibial conduction velocities were measured in 29 children with spinal muscular atrophy, 14 of whom had the servere form of the disease. The ulnar nerve velocity was slow in 12 of the 14 severely affected infants, but normal or fast in 11 of 14 children less severely affected. The corresponding results for the posterior tibial nerve were slow velocities in 11 of 12 infants in the severe group and normal or fast in all 11 infants less severely affected. The difficulty in distinguishing infantile spinal muscular atrophy from peripheral neuropathy is emphasized. (+info)

Study on the gene and phenotypic characterisation of autosomal recessive demyelinating motor and sensory neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease) with a gene locus on chromosome 5q23-q33. (5/499)

OBJECTIVES: To report the occurrence of the autosomal recessive form of demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) with a locus on chromosome 5q23-33 in six non-related European families, to refine gene mapping, and to define the disease phenotype. METHODS: In an Algerian patient with autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT mapped to chromosome 5q23-q33 the same unique nerve pathology was established as previously described in families with a special form of autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT. Subsequently, the DNA of patients with this phenotype was tested from five Dutch families and one Turkish family for the 5q23-q33 locus. RESULTS: These patients and the Algerian families showed a similar and highly typical combination of clinical and morphological features, suggesting a common genetic defect. A complete cosegregation for markers D5S413, D5S434, D5S636, and D5S410 was found in the families. Haplotype construction located the gene to a 7 cM region between D5S643 and D5S670. In the present Dutch families linkage disequilibrium could be shown for various risk alleles and haplotypes indicating that most of these families may have inherited the underlying genetic defect form a common distant ancestor. CONCLUSIONS: This study refines the gene localisation of autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT, mapping to chromosome 5q23-33 and defines the phenotype characterised by a precocious and rapidly progressive scoliosis in combination with a relatively mild neuropathy and a unique pathology. Morphological alterations in Schwann cells of the myelinated and unmyelinated type suggest the involvement of a protein present in both Schwann cell types or an extracellular matrix protein rather than a myelin protein. The combination of pathological features possibly discerns autosomal recessive demyelinating CMT with a gene locus on chromosome 5q23-33 from other demyelinating forms of CMT disease. (+info)

Altered formation of hemichannels and gap junction channels caused by C-terminal connexin-32 mutations. (6/499)

Hexamers of connexins (Cxs) form hemichannels that dock tightly in series via their extracellular domains to give rise to gap junction channels. Here we examined the ability of a variety of C-terminal Cx32 mutations, most of which have been identified in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, to form hemichannels and to complete gap junction channels using the Xenopus oocyte system. First, we show that undocked wild-type Cx32 hemichannels at the plasma membrane can be detected as opening channels activated by depolarization. We have been able to estimate the efficiency of assembly of complete channels by measuring the time-dependent incorporation of preformed hemichannels into gap junction channels after cell-to-cell contact. These data offer strong evidence that hemichannels are the direct precursors of gap junction channels. Of 11 Cx32 mutants tested, a group of 5 mutations prevented the formation of functional hemichannels at the cell surface, whereas 4 mutations were fully able to form precursors but reduced the ability of hemichannels to assemble into complete channels, and 2 mutants formed channels normally. The data revealed that a minimum length of human Cx32 including the residue Arg-215 is required for the expression of hemichannels at the cell surface and that the efficiency of hemichannel incorporation into complete channels decreased gradually with the progressive shortening of the cytoplasmic C-terminal domain. (+info)

Axonal phenotype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with a mutation in the myelin protein zero gene. (7/499)

A French family had Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) which was characterised by late onset of peripheral neuropathy involvement, Argyll Robertson-like pupils, dysphagia, and deafness. Electrophysiological studies and nerve biopsy defined the neuropathy as axonal type. Genetic analysis of myelin protein zero (MPZ) found a mutation in codon 124 resulting in substitution of threonine by methionine. One of the patients, presently 30 years old, showed only Argyll Robertson-like pupils as an objective sign but no clinical or electrophysiological signs of peripheral neuropathy. (+info)

A unique point mutation in the PMP22 gene is associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and deafness. (8/499)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) with deafness is clinically distinct among the genetically heterogeneous group of CMT disorders. Molecular studies in a large family with autosomal dominant CMT and deafness have not been reported. The present molecular study involves a family with progressive features of CMT and deafness, originally reported by Kousseff et al. Genetic analysis of 70 individuals (31 affected, 28 unaffected, and 11 spouses) revealed linkage to markers on chromosome 17p11.2-p12, with a maximum LOD score of 9.01 for marker D17S1357 at a recombination fraction of .03. Haplotype analysis placed the CMT-deafness locus between markers D17S839 and D17S122, a approximately 0.6-Mb interval. This critical region lies within the CMT type 1A duplication region and excludes MYO15, a gene coding an unconventional myosin that causes a form of autosomal recessive deafness called DFNB3. Affected individuals from this family do not have the common 1.5-Mb duplication of CMT type 1A. Direct sequencing of the candidate peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene detected a unique G-->C transversion in the heterozygous state in all affected individuals, at position 248 in coding exon 3, predicted to result in an Ala67Pro substitution in the second transmembrane domain of PMP22. (+info)

Some common types of tooth diseases include:

1. Caries (cavities): A bacterial infection that causes the decay of tooth enamel, leading to holes or cavities in the teeth.
2. Periodontal disease (gum disease): An infection of the tissues surrounding the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and jawbone.
3. Tooth sensitivity: Pain or discomfort when eating or drinking hot or cold foods and beverages due to exposed dentin or gum recession.
4. Dental abscesses: Infections that can cause pain, swelling, and pus in the teeth and gums.
5. Tooth erosion: Wear away of the tooth enamel caused by acidic foods and drinks or certain medical conditions.
6. Tooth grinding (bruxism): The habit of grinding or clenching the teeth, which can cause wear on the teeth, jaw pain, and headaches.
7. Dental malocclusion: Misalignment of the teeth, which can cause difficulty chewing, speaking, and other oral health problems.
8. Tooth loss: Loss of one or more teeth due to decay, gum disease, injury, or other causes.

Prevention and treatment of tooth diseases usually involve good oral hygiene practices such as brushing, flossing, and regular dental check-ups. In some cases, more advanced treatments such as fillings, crowns, root canals, or extractions may be necessary.

Some common types of neurogenic arthropathy include:

1. Charcot joint: A condition characterized by progressive destruction of the joint and deformity due to nerve damage, often seen in people with diabetes or peripheral neuropathy.
2. Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS): A chronic pain condition that typically affects one limb after an injury or trauma, causing discoloration, swelling, and stiffness in the affected area.
3. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD): A chronic pain condition that develops after an injury or trauma, characterized by swelling, stiffness, and pain in the affected limb.
4. Post-polio syndrome: A condition that affects people who had polio as children, causing muscle weakness, joint pain, and limited mobility.

The symptoms of neurogenic arthropathy can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the nerve damage. Common symptoms include:

1. Pain: Joint pain is a primary symptom of neurogenic arthropathy, which can range from mild to severe and may be exacerbated by movement or activity.
2. Stiffness: The affected joints may become stiff and lose their normal range of motion, making it difficult to perform daily activities.
3. Swelling: Joint swelling is common in neurogenic arthropathy, especially in the early stages of the condition.
4. Limited mobility: As the condition progresses, people with neurogenic arthropathy may experience limited mobility in the affected joints, making it difficult to perform daily activities.
5. Muscle weakness: Weakness in the muscles surrounding the affected joint can contribute to joint instability and pain.

Treatment for neurogenic arthropathy depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Common treatments include:

1. Medications: Pain relievers, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids, can help manage joint pain and inflammation. Muscle relaxants may also be prescribed to reduce muscle spasms and stiffness.
2. Physical therapy: A physical therapist can work with individuals to develop an exercise program that helps maintain joint mobility and strength.
3. Orthotics or assistive devices: In some cases, orthotics or assistive devices such as canes, walkers, or wheelchairs may be necessary to help improve mobility and support the affected joints.
4. Surgery: In severe cases of neurogenic arthropathy, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace damaged tissue or realign bones and joints.
5. Alternative therapies: Some people with neurogenic arthropathy may find relief from alternative therapies such as acupuncture or massage.

It's important to note that each individual's treatment plan will be unique and may involve a combination of these options. It's best to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate course of treatment for each person.

There are several types of hypotrichosis, including:

1. Congenital hypotrichosis: This type is present at birth and is caused by genetic mutations.
2. Acquired hypotrichosis: This type can develop later in life due to various factors such as hormonal imbalances, nutritional deficiencies, or certain medical conditions like thyroid disorders or anemia.
3. Localized hypotrichosis: This type affects only a specific area of the body, such as the scalp or eyebrows.
4. Generalized hypotrichosis: This type affects the entire body.

Hypotrichosis can have a significant impact on an individual's self-esteem and quality of life, especially if it results in noticeable hair loss or thinning. Treatment options for hypotrichosis include medications such as minoxidil (Rogaine) and finasteride (Propecia), as well as non-medical treatments like hair transplantation and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). In some cases, hypotrichosis may be a sign of an underlying medical condition, so it is important to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

The symptoms of anaplasmosis can range from mild to severe and typically develop within 1-2 weeks after a tick bite. Mild symptoms may include fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. Severe symptoms can include bleeding disorders, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), renal failure, respiratory distress, and cardiovascular complications.

Anaplasmosis is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, laboratory tests, and medical imaging. Laboratory tests may include blood smears, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests, and serologic tests to detect the presence of antibodies against the bacteria.

Treatment for anaplasmosis typically involves the use of antimicrobial drugs, such as doxycycline or azithromycin, which are effective against the bacteria. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications such as respiratory distress, renal failure, and cardiovascular problems.

Prevention of anaplasmosis includes avoiding tick habitats, using protective clothing and insect repellents when outdoors, and conducting regular tick checks on oneself and pets. It is also important to be aware of the risks of anaplasmosis in areas where the disease is prevalent and to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms develop after a tick bite.

1. Onychomycosis: This is a fungal infection of the nail that can cause discoloration, thickening, and brittleness of the nails. It is more common in toenails than fingernails.
2. Paronychia: This is a bacterial or fungal infection of the skin around the nail that can cause redness, swelling, and pus.
3. Nail psoriasis: This is a chronic condition that causes redness, thickening, and pitting of the nails. It is often associated with psoriasis, an autoimmune disorder.
4. Nail trauma: This can occur due to injury or repetitive stress on the nail, such as from biting or picking at the nails.
5. Nail cancer: This is a rare condition that affects the skin underneath the nail and can cause thickening, discoloration, and bleeding.
6. Melanonychia: This is a condition where the nails become darkened due to an increase in melanin production. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including exposure to ultraviolet radiation, certain medications, and underlying medical conditions.
7. Nail fragility: This is a condition where the nails are weak and prone to breaking or splitting. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including nutritional deficiencies, systemic diseases, and trauma.
8. Nail abnormalities: These can occur due to a variety of factors, including genetics, infections, and certain medical conditions. Examples include clubbing of the nails, where the nails curve downward, and koilonychia, where the nails are thin and concave.

Nail diseases can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as nail scrapings, biopsies, or blood tests. Treatment depends on the underlying cause of the condition and may involve topical or oral medications, changes to the diet or lifestyle, or surgery in severe cases. It is important to seek medical attention if you notice any changes or abnormalities in your nails, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.

Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Foot
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Preventing diabetic foot is crucial for people with diabetes. Here are some steps you can take:

* Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly and work with your healthcare provider to manage them effectively.
* Take care of your feet by washing them daily, trimming your toenails straight across, and wearing properly fitting shoes.
* Get your feet checked regularly by a healthcare professional.
* Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake.

If you have diabetic foot, treatment will depend on the severity of the condition. Here are some common treatments:

* Antibiotics for infections
* Pain relief medication
* Wound care to promote healing
* Surgery to remove infected tissue or repair damaged blood vessels and nerves
* Amputation as a last resort

It is important to seek medical attention immediately if you have any of the following symptoms:

* Pain or tenderness in your feet
* Redness, swelling, or ulcers on your skin
* Fever or chills
* Difficulty moving your feet or toes

In conclusion, diabetic foot is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to infections, amputations, and even death. Preventing diabetic foot is crucial for people with diabetes, and early detection and treatment are essential to prevent long-term damage. If you have any concerns about your feet, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.

In the medical field, hysteria is not a recognized diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Instead, symptoms that were previously described as hysteria are now classified under other diagnostic categories such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and somatic symptom disorder.

Hysteria is sometimes used as a colloquial term to describe extreme or irrational fears or phobias, but this usage is not considered a valid medical diagnosis. It's important to note that any persistent physical or psychological symptoms should be evaluated by a qualified healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

There are several types of diabetic neuropathies, including:

1. Peripheral neuropathy: This is the most common type of diabetic neuropathy and affects the nerves in the hands and feet. It can cause numbness, tingling, and pain in these areas.
2. Autonomic neuropathy: This type of neuropathy affects the nerves that control involuntary functions, such as digestion, bladder function, and blood pressure. It can cause a range of symptoms, including constipation, diarrhea, urinary incontinence, and sexual dysfunction.
3. Proximal neuropathy: This type of neuropathy affects the nerves in the legs and hips. It can cause weakness, pain, and stiffness in these areas.
4. Focal neuropathy: This type of neuropathy affects a single nerve, often causing sudden and severe pain.

The exact cause of diabetic neuropathies is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to high blood sugar levels over time. Other risk factors include poor blood sugar control, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. There is no cure for diabetic neuropathy, but there are several treatments available to manage the symptoms and prevent further nerve damage. These treatments may include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes such as regular exercise and a healthy diet.

Examples of acquired foot deformities include:

1. Arthritis-related deformities: Arthritis can cause degenerative changes in the joints of the foot, leading to deformity and pain.
2. Bunion deformities: Bunions are bony growths that form on the side of the big toe joint, causing pain and discomfort.
3. Hammertoe deformities: Hammertoes are abnormal curvatures of the toe joints, which can cause pain and stiffness.
4. Clubfoot: Clubfoot is a congenital deformity in which the foot is twisted inward and downward, causing difficulty walking or standing.
5. Charcot foot: Charcot foot is a degenerative condition that affects the bones of the foot and ankle, leading to deformity and pain.
6. Plantar fasciitis: Plantar fasciitis is inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, causing heel pain and stiffness.
7. Achilles tendinitis: Achilles tendinitis is inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscle to the heel bone, causing pain and stiffness in the ankle and foot.
8. Sesamoiditis: Sesamoiditis is inflammation of the sesamoid bones, small bones located under the first metatarsal bone, causing pain and swelling under the big toe.
9. Gout: Gout is a type of arthritis that causes sudden and severe pain in the foot, particularly in the big toe.
10. Pneumaticulitis: Pneumaticulitis is inflammation of the small air sacs (pneumatocysts) in the bones of the foot, causing pain and swelling.

These are just a few of the many conditions that can cause foot pain. If you are experiencing persistent or severe foot pain, it is important to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

1. Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis): A fungal infection that causes itching, burning, and cracking on the soles of the feet and between the toes.
2. Bunions: Bony growths on the side or base of the big toe, causing pain, redness, and swelling.
3. Corns and Calluses: Thickened areas of skin on the feet, often caused by poorly fitting shoes or repeated friction.
4. Plantar Fasciitis: Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, causing heel pain and stiffness.
5. Gout: A type of arthritis that causes sudden, severe pain in the feet and ankles, often accompanied by swelling and redness.
6. Hammertoes: Deformed toe joints, caused by poorly fitting shoes or muscle imbalance, leading to pain, corns, and calluses.
7. Ingrown toenails: Nails that grow into the skin, causing pain, redness, and swelling.
8. Osteoarthritis: Wear and tear on the joints of the feet, leading to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility.
9. Peripheral Neuropathy: Damage to the nerves in the feet, causing numbness, tingling, and pain.
10. Ulcers: Open sores on the skin of the feet, often caused by diabetes, poor circulation, or injury.

Foot diseases can be diagnosed through physical examination, imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans, and laboratory tests to determine the cause of the condition. Treatment options vary depending on the specific disease, but may include medications, footwear modifications, orthotics, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery.

There are several types of foot ulcers, including:

1. Diabetic foot ulcers: These are the most common type of foot ulcer and are caused by nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation that can lead to unnoticed injuries or infections.
2. Venous foot ulcers: These are caused by weakened veins that cannot properly return blood from the feet to the heart, leading to pooling of blood and skin breakdown.
3. Arterial foot ulcers: These are caused by narrowed or blocked arteries that reduce blood flow to the feet, making it difficult for wounds to heal.
4. Pressure foot ulcers: These are caused by constant pressure on the skin, leading to skin breakdown and ulceration.
5. Traumatic foot ulcers: These are caused by direct trauma to the foot, such as a cut or puncture wound.

Symptoms of foot ulcers may include:

* Pain
* Swelling
* Redness
* Warmth
* Discharge
* Foul odor
* Bleeding

Treatment for foot ulcers depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the ulcer. In general, treatment may include:

1. Debridement: Removing dead skin and tissue to promote healing.
2. Dressing: Applying a clean dressing to protect the wound and promote healing.
3. Infection control: Administering antibiotics if the ulcer is infected.
4. Off-loading: Reducing pressure on the affected area to promote healing.
5. Wound care: Managing the wound to promote healing and prevent further complications.

Preventive measures for foot ulcers include:

1. Proper footwear: Wearing shoes that fit properly and provide adequate support.
2. Regular foot examinations: Checking the feet regularly for any signs of injury or infection.
3. Practicing good hygiene: Keeping the feet clean and dry to prevent infection.
4. Avoiding excessive standing or walking: Taking regular breaks to rest the feet and avoid putting excessive pressure on them.
5. Managing underlying conditions: Managing conditions such as diabetes, poor circulation, and nerve damage to prevent foot ulcers from developing.

There are several types of tooth loss, including:

1. Anterior tooth loss: This occurs when one or more front teeth are missing.
2. Posterior tooth loss: This occurs when one or more back teeth are missing.
3. Bilateral tooth loss: This occurs when there is a loss of teeth on both sides of the dental arch.
4. Unilateral tooth loss: This occurs when there is a loss of teeth on one side of the dental arch.
5. Complete tooth loss: This occurs when all teeth are missing from the dental arch.
6. Partial tooth loss: This occurs when only some teeth are missing from the dental arch.

Tooth loss can cause various problems such as difficulty chewing and biting food, speech difficulties, and changes in the appearance of the face and smile. It can also lead to other oral health issues such as shifting of the remaining teeth, bone loss, and gum recession.

Treatment options for tooth loss vary depending on the cause and severity of the condition. Some possible treatments include dentures, implants, bridges, and crowns. It is important to seek professional dental care if you experience any type of tooth loss to prevent further complications and restore oral health.

1. Strains and sprains: These are common injuries that occur when the muscles or ligaments in the foot are stretched or torn. They can be caused by overuse or sudden movement.
2. Fractures: A fracture is a break in a bone. In the foot, fractures can occur in any of the five long bones (metatarsals) or the heel bone (calcaneus).
3. Plantar fasciitis: This is a common condition that affects the plantar fascia, a band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot. It can cause pain and stiffness in the heel and bottom of the foot.
4. Achilles tendinitis: This is an inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. It can cause pain and stiffness in the back of the ankle.
5. Bunions and hammertoes: These are deformities that can occur when the bones in the foot are not properly aligned. They can cause pain, swelling, and stiffness in the foot.
6. Infections: Foot injuries can increase the risk of developing an infection, especially if they become exposed to bacteria or other microorganisms. Signs of an infection may include redness, swelling, warmth, and pain.
7. Ulcers: These are open sores that can develop on the skin of the foot, often as a result of diabetes or poor circulation. They can be difficult to heal and can lead to further complications if left untreated.

Treatment for foot injuries will depend on the severity of the injury and may include rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) as well as physical therapy exercises to improve strength and flexibility. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged tissues or realign bones.

There are different types of osteitis, including:

1. Osteitis fibrosa: A benign condition characterized by the formation of fibrous tissue in the bone, which can cause pain and stiffness.
2. Osteitis multiformis: A chronic condition that causes multiple areas of bone inflammation, often seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis.
3. Osteitis pseudogout: A condition characterized by the deposition of crystals in the bone, which can cause episodes of sudden and severe joint pain.
4. Osteitis suppurativa: A chronic condition characterized by recurring abscesses or pockets of pus in the bone, often seen in patients with a history of skin infections.

Symptoms of osteitis can include pain, swelling, redness and warmth over the affected area. Treatment options may vary depending on the underlying cause, but may include antibiotics for infection, anti-inflammatory medications, or surgical intervention to drain abscesses or remove infected tissue.

The symptoms of gait disorders, neurologic can vary depending on the underlying cause, but may include:

* Difficulty walking or standing
* Ataxia (loss of coordination)
* Spasticity (stiffness) or rigidity (inflexibility)
* Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
* Scanning (looking for support while walking)
* Pauses or freezing during gait
* Loss of balance or poor equilibrium
* Increased risk of falling

Gait disorders, neurologic can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, as they may limit their ability to perform daily activities and increase their risk of falling. Treatment for these disorders typically involves a combination of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and medications to manage symptoms such as spasticity and bradykinesia. In some cases, surgery or other interventions may be necessary to address underlying causes of the gait disorder.

Synonyms: supplemental tooth; extra tooth; hyperdontia.

See Also: Tooth; Dentition.

1. Congenital abnormalities: These are present at birth and may be caused by genetic factors or environmental influences during fetal development. Examples include hypodontia (absence of one or more teeth), hyperdontia (extra teeth), or anodontia (absence of all teeth).
2. Acquired abnormalities: These can occur at any time during life, often as a result of trauma, infection, or other conditions. Examples include tooth decay, gum disease, or tooth wear and tear.
3. Developmental abnormalities: These occur during the development of teeth and may be caused by genetic factors, nutritional deficiencies, or exposure to certain medications or chemicals. Examples include enamel hypoplasia (thinning of tooth enamel) or peg-shaped teeth.
4. Structural abnormalities: These are irregularities in the shape or structure of teeth, such as anomalies in the size, shape, or position of teeth. Examples include crowded or misaligned teeth, or teeth that do not erupt properly.
5. Dental caries (tooth decay): This is a bacterial infection that causes the breakdown of tooth structure, often leading to cavities and tooth loss if left untreated.
6. Periodontal disease: This is an inflammatory condition that affects the supporting tissues of teeth, including the gums and bone, and can lead to tooth loss if left untreated.
7. Tooth wear: This refers to the wear and tear of teeth over time, often due to habits such as bruxism (teeth grinding) or acid reflux.
8. Dental anomalies: These are rare, genetic conditions that affect the development and structure of teeth, such as peg-shaped teeth or geminated teeth (two teeth fused together).

These are just a few examples of tooth abnormalities, and there are many more conditions that can affect the health and appearance of teeth. Regular dental check-ups can help detect and address any issues early on to ensure good oral health.

There are different types of tooth wear, including:

1. Attrition: This is the most common type of tooth wear and occurs when the enamel surfaces of teeth rub against each other.
2. Abrasion: This type of wear occurs when the outer layer of enamel is worn away by a foreign object such as a toothbrush or dental appliance.
3. Erosion: This type of wear occurs when acidic substances such as citrus fruits, soda, and sugary drinks dissolve the enamel surface of teeth.
4. Exfoliation: This type of wear occurs when a tooth is lost due to decay, injury, or gum disease, and the surrounding teeth shift to fill the gap.

Tooth wear can cause a range of symptoms including:

* Sensitivity to hot or cold temperatures
* Pain when chewing or biting
* Aesthetic concerns such as chipped or worn-down teeth
* Difficulty speaking or pronouncing certain words

Tooth wear can be prevented or treated by practicing good oral hygiene, avoiding acidic and sugary foods and drinks, using a soft-bristled toothbrush, and visiting the dentist regularly for check-ups and cleanings. In severe cases, dental restorations such as fillings, crowns, or veneers may be necessary to restore the shape, size, and function of teeth.

A tooth that has died due to injury, disease, or other factors and cannot be saved or repaired. A nonvital tooth may require extraction. Also called dead tooth.

The term "nonvital" is used in the medical field to describe something that is not functioning properly or is no longer alive. In the context of dentistry, a nonvital tooth is one that has died and cannot be saved or repaired. This can happen due to injury, disease, or other factors. Nonvital teeth are typically extracted to prevent further infection or complications. The term "dead tooth" is sometimes used interchangeably with "nonvital tooth."

Impacted teeth can cause a range of symptoms including pain, swelling, and infection. If left untreated, impacted teeth can lead to more serious complications such as abscesses or cysts that can damage the surrounding bone and tissue.

Treatment options for impacted teeth depend on the severity of the impaction and may include antibiotics, pain relief medication, or surgical removal of the tooth. In some cases, impacted wisdom teeth may be removed prophylactically to prevent complications from arising in the future.

It's important to note that not all impacted teeth require treatment and your dentist will assess the situation and provide recommendations based on your individual needs.

There are several types of tooth discoloration, including:

1. Extrinsic stains: These are the most common type of tooth discoloration and are caused by factors such as coffee, tea, red wine, and smoking. These stains can be removed with professional cleaning and whitening treatments.
2. Intrinsic stains: These are deeper stains that occur within the tooth itself and can be caused by factors such as fluorosis, tetracycline staining, and overexposure to fluoride during childhood. These stains can be more difficult to remove and may require more advanced treatments such as porcelain veneers or teeth whitening.
3. Age-related discoloration: As we age, our teeth can become naturally more yellow due to the accumulation of calcium and other minerals on the surface of the teeth. This type of discoloration is more common in adults over the age of 40.
4. Trauma: A blow to the mouth or a injury to a tooth can cause discoloration.
5. Disease: Certain medical conditions such as bruxism, gum disease, and enamel defects can also cause tooth discoloration.

Tooth discoloration can be treated with various methods such as teeth whitening, dental bonding, porcelain veneers, and crowns. The choice of treatment depends on the severity and cause of the discoloration. It is important to consult a dentist if you notice any changes in the color of your teeth, as early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further damage and improve the appearance of your smile.

CMT is caused by mutations in genes that are responsible for producing proteins that support the structure and function of the peripheral nerves. These mutations lead to a progressive loss of nerve fibers, particularly in the legs and feet, but also in the hands and arms. As a result, people with CMT often experience muscle weakness, numbness or tingling sensations, and foot deformities such as hammertoes and high arches. They may also have difficulty walking, balance problems, and decreased reflexes.

There are several types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, each with different symptoms and progression. Type 1 is the most common form and typically affects children, while type 2 is more severe and often affects adults. Other types include type 3, which causes muscle weakness and atrophy, and type 4, which affects the hands and feet but not the legs.

There is no cure for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, but there are several treatments available to manage its symptoms. These may include physical therapy, braces or orthotics, pain medication, and surgery. In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be recommended to replace damaged nerve cells with healthy ones.

Early diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is important to ensure proper management and prevention of complications. Treatment can help improve quality of life and slow the progression of the disease. With appropriate support and accommodations, people with CMT can lead active and fulfilling lives.

During the procedure, the dentist will typically use a pair of forceps to grip the tooth and rock it back and forth to loosen it from the surrounding bone and ligaments. Once the tooth is loose, the dentist will use a specialized instrument to extract the tooth from its socket. The socket may be packed with gauze or other materials to help stop any bleeding and promote healing.

Tooth avulsion can be performed under local anesthesia, which numbs the area where the tooth is located, or sedation dentistry, which helps the patient relax and feel more comfortable during the procedure. After the procedure, the patient may need to follow a special post-operative care plan to ensure proper healing and minimize any discomfort or complications.

Source: Glossary of Dental Terms (American Dental Association)

This condition is characterized by the formation of new bone tissue around the tooth, which leads to the immobility of the tooth and can cause pain, discomfort, and difficulty in chewing. Tooth ankylosis can be diagnosed through radiographic examination and symptoms such as pain or limited range of motion of the affected tooth.

Treatment options for tooth ankylosis include antibiotics, pain management medications, and surgical intervention to remove the bone adhesions. In severe cases, extraction of the affected tooth may be necessary. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help prevent complications and improve the chances of successful treatment outcomes.

Tooth erosion can lead to sensitive teeth, pain, and discomfort when eating or drinking hot or cold foods and beverages. In severe cases, it can cause teeth to appear yellow or brown, become brittle and prone to breaking, or even result in tooth loss.

To prevent tooth erosion, good oral hygiene practices such as regular brushing and flossing, avoiding acidic foods and drinks, and using a fluoride-based toothpaste can help protect teeth from acid wear. Dental sealants or varnishes may also be applied to the teeth to provide extra protection against erosion.

If tooth erosion has already occurred, dental treatments such as fillings, crowns, or veneers may be necessary to repair damaged teeth. In severe cases, teeth may need to be extracted and replaced with dental implants or bridges.

There are two types of tooth resorption:

1. External resorption: This type occurs when the resorption takes place on the surface of the tooth, and is usually caused by an infection or injury.
2. Internal resorption: This type occurs when the resorption takes place within the tooth structure, and can be caused by factors such as a crack or a cavity.

Symptoms of tooth resorption may include sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks, pain when biting down, and visible holes or pits on the surface of the tooth. Treatment options for tooth resorption depend on the severity of the condition and can range from fillings to root canal therapy or extraction.

Prevention is key in avoiding tooth resorption, by maintaining good oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing regularly, avoiding sugary foods and drinks, and visiting a dentist for regular check-ups. Early detection and treatment can help prevent further damage and save the tooth from being lost.

In conclusion, tooth resorption is a process where the body breaks down and reabsorbs the dentin layer of the tooth, leading to sensitivity, pain, and potentially significant damage to the tooth structure. It can be treated with various methods depending on its severity, but prevention through good oral hygiene practices and regular check-ups is key in avoiding this condition altogether.

1. Heart Disease: High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease, which includes conditions like heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral artery disease.
2. Kidney Damage: Uncontrolled diabetes can damage the kidneys over time, leading to chronic kidney disease and potentially even kidney failure.
3. Nerve Damage: High blood sugar levels can damage the nerves in the body, causing numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and feet. This is known as diabetic neuropathy.
4. Eye Problems: Diabetes can cause changes in the blood vessels of the eyes, leading to vision problems and even blindness. This is known as diabetic retinopathy.
5. Infections: People with diabetes are more prone to developing skin infections, urinary tract infections, and other types of infections due to their weakened immune system.
6. Amputations: Poor blood flow and nerve damage can lead to amputations of the feet or legs if left untreated.
7. Cognitive Decline: Diabetes has been linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia.
8. Sexual Dysfunction: Men with diabetes may experience erectile dysfunction, while women with diabetes may experience decreased sexual desire and vaginal dryness.
9. Gum Disease: People with diabetes are more prone to developing gum disease and other oral health problems due to their increased risk of infection.
10. Flu and Pneumonia: Diabetes can weaken the immune system, making it easier to catch the flu and pneumonia.

It is important for people with diabetes to manage their condition properly to prevent or delay these complications from occurring. This includes monitoring blood sugar levels regularly, taking medication as prescribed by a doctor, and following a healthy diet and exercise plan. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can also help identify any potential complications early on and prevent them from becoming more serious.

Symptoms may include sensitivity, discomfort, visible holes or stains on teeth, bad breath, and difficulty chewing or biting. If left untreated, dental caries can progress and lead to more serious complications such as abscesses, infections, and even tooth loss.

To prevent dental caries, it is essential to maintain good oral hygiene habits, including brushing your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing daily, and using mouthwash regularly. Limiting sugary foods and drinks and visiting a dentist for regular check-ups can also help prevent the disease.

Dental caries is treatable through various methods such as fillings, crowns, root canals, extractions, and preventive measures like fissure sealants and fluoride applications. Early detection and prompt treatment are crucial to prevent further damage and restore oral health.

Demineralization is the opposite process of remineralization, where minerals are deposited back onto the tooth surface. Demineralization can progress over time and lead to tooth decay, also known as dental caries, if not treated promptly. Early detection and prevention of demineralization through good oral hygiene practices and regular dental check-ups can help to prevent tooth decay and maintain a healthy tooth structure.

Tooth demineralization can be detected early on by dental professionals using various diagnostic tools such as radiographs (x-rays) or visual examination of the teeth. Treatment options for demineralization depend on the severity of the condition and may include fluoride treatments, fillings, or other restorative procedures to repair damaged tooth structures.

It is important to maintain good oral hygiene practices such as brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, flossing once a day, and limiting sugary snacks and drinks to prevent demineralization and promote remineralization of the teeth. Regular dental check-ups are also crucial in detecting early signs of demineralization and ensuring proper treatment to maintain good oral health.

In this definition, we have used the following medical terms:

* Anodontia: This term refers to the absence of teeth. It is derived from the Greek words 'ano' meaning without, and 'dont' meaning tooth.
* Genetic: This term refers to something that is inherited or passed down through genes.
* Environmental: This term refers to factors that are external to the body, such as exposure to radiation or certain drugs during pregnancy.

Overall, anodontia is a rare condition that can be caused by a variety of factors, and it can have significant impacts on an individual's quality of life.

Media related to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease at Wikimedia Commons Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease at Curlie (CS1 French-language ... his pupil Pierre Marie (1853-1940), and the Briton Howard Henry Tooth (1856-1925). Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease classifications ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth Association. October 6, 2010. Retrieved August 26, 2011. "Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndrome. CMT information". ... Tooth HH (1886). The peroneal type of progressive muscular atrophy (MD thesis). London. "Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Fact Sheet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcot–Marie–Tooth_disease

Classifications of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease refers to the types and subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a ... 1997). "New Mutations in the X-Linked Form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease". European Neurology. 37 (1): 38-42. doi:10.1159/ ... 2010). "Whole-Genome Sequencing in a Patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy". New England Journal of Medicine. 362 (13): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcot–Marie–Tooth_disease_classifications

... is a group of genetic disorders and a type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease characterized by ... Overall, it is estimated that 10-15% of all cases of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease come from X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ... "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - Treatment". nhs.uk. 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2022-07-19. "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: MedlinePlus ... "X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease - About the Disease - Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center". rarediseases.info.nih ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_Charcot-Marie-Tooth_disease

"Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 with giant axons". "Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 ... Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 with giant axons is a rare subtype of hereditary motor and sensory ... "Orphanet: Autosomal dominant Charcot Marie Tooth disease type 2 with giant axons". www.orpha.net. Retrieved 2022-06-19. ( ... "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with giant axons: a clinicopathological and genetic entity". Neurology. 61 (7): 988-990. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal_dominant_Charcot-Marie-Tooth_disease_type_2_with_giant_axons

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most frequent heritable disorder of the peripheral nervous system (a neuronal disease) and is ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. It was shown that CMT-mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetase variants are still able to bind tRNA-gly but ... X-ray analysis of a native human tRNA synthetase whose allelic variants are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Acta ... Diabetes, a metabolic disease, induces oxidative stress, which triggers a build up of mitochondrial tRNA mutations. It has also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase

"Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Whonamedit?. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2011. Petrunkevitch ... Friedrich Schultze first describes the disorder that will become known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Among the papers on ... Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler formulate Koch's postulates on the causal relationship between microbes and diseases. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884_in_science

She began to study neuromuscular disease, in particular Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In 2004, she found that Vitamin C could be ... Reilly, Mary M.; Murphy, Sinéad M.; Laurá, Matilde (2011). "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Journal of the Peripheral Nervous ... "MDA Funds Development of a Critical Biomarker for Charcot Marie Tooth Disease". Muscular Dystrophy Association. 9 July 2018. ... Muscular Dystrophy UK, Professor Mary Reilly talks about the development of treatments for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease., ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Reilly_(academic)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (peripheral muscular atrophy), named with Pierre Marie and Howard Henry Tooth Charcot-Wilbrand ... Charcot was among the first to describe Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). The announcement was made simultaneously with Pierre ... "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Whonamedit.com. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2008. Lees AJ ( ... Charcot's name is associated with many diseases and conditions including: Charcot's artery (lenticulostriate artery) Charcot's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Martin_Charcot

The classic descriptions of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are published by Jean-Martin Charcot and his pupil Pierre Marie in ... "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Whonamedit?. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-12. Pepper, Sarah ( ... Paris and by Howard H. Tooth in London. Dr Richard von Krafft-Ebing's Psychopathia Sexualis: eine Klinisch-Forensische Studie ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1886_in_science

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX2-3); disorder of nerves (neuropathy) that is characterized by loss of muscle tissue and touch ... Fabry disease; A lysosomal storage disease causing anhidrosis, fatigue, angiokeratomas, burning extremity pain and ocular ... "Diseases Treated at St. Jude". stjude.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2007. Retrieved 3 May 2018. "Favism - Doctor ... It was once thought to be the "royal disease" found in the descendants of Queen Victoria. This is now known to have been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_recessive_inheritance

Alzheimer's disease (AD) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease) Cancers Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) ... Patzkó, Á; Shy, ME (2011). "Update on Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease". Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 11 (1): 78-88. ... coronary artery disease) and neoplastic diseases (e.g. cancers). Many degenerative diseases exist and some are related to aging ... An example of this is Alzheimer's disease. The other two common groups of degenerative diseases are those that affect ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerative_disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease variant 1E, autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis, meningitis, cholesteatoma, otosclerosis, ... McKusick VA, Kniffen CL (30 January 2012). "# 118300 CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE AND DEAFNESS". Online Mendelian Inheritance in ... such as coronary heart disease, pulmonary disease, vision loss and hearing loss. Hearing loss can attribute to decrease in ... Huang CQ, Dong BR, Lu ZC, Yue JR, Liu QX (April 2010). "Chronic diseases and risk for depression in old age: a meta-analysis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearing_loss

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or Friedrich's ataxia. The appearance of high arched feet in young children should be noted.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediatric_podiatry

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease variant 1E (CMT1E) is noted for demyelinating in addition to deafness. Autoimmune disease is ... McKusick VA, Kniffen CL (30 January 2012). "# 118300 CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE AND DEAFNESS". Online Mendelian Inheritance in ... People with HIV/AIDS may develop hearing problems due to the disease itself, medications they take for the disease, or an ... Ménière's disease (endolymphatic hydrops) occurs when there is elevated pressure in the endolymph in the cochlea. Its symptoms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_hearing_loss

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Satran, R. (1980). "Dejerine-Sottas Disease Revisited". Archives of Neurology. 37 (2): 67-68. doi: ... March 2006). "Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4F disease caused by S399fsx410 mutation in the PRX gene". Neurology. 66 (5): 745-7. doi ... Symptoms are usually more severe and rapidly progressive than in the other more common Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases. Some ... hereditary motor and sensory polyneuropathy type III and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 3), is a hereditary neurological ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dejerine–Sottas_disease

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A) is caused by mutations in the MFN2 gene. MFN2 mutations are linked to neurological ... Cartoni R, Martinou JC (August 2009). "Role of mitofusin 2 mutations in the physiopathology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type ... Cartoni R, Martinou JC (August 2009). "Role of mitofusin 2 mutations in the physiopathology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type ... "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a clinico-genetic confrontation". Annals of Human Genetics. 72 (Pt 3): 416-41. doi:10.1111/j.1469- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MFN2

KARS Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A; 118220; PMP22 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B; 118200; MPZ Charcot-Marie-Tooth ... LITAF Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1D; 607678; EGR2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1E; 118300; PMP22 Charcot-Marie-Tooth ... KIF1B Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A2; 609260; MFN2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B; 600882; RAB7 Charcot-Marie-Tooth ... LMNA Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2B2; 605589; MED25 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D; 601472; GARS Charcot-Marie-Tooth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4K (CMT4K) is an autosomal recessive, demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: ... By convention, autosomal recessive forms of demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are designated CMT4. CMT4K patients ... and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4K (CMT4K). SURF1 is located on the q arm of chromosome 9 in position 34.2 and has 9 exons. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SURF1

... are also associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A and MPZ mutations are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Dejerine-Sottas disease Zubair, S.; Holland, N. R.; Beson, B.; Parke, J. T.; Prodan, C. I. (2008 ... Thomas, P. K. (1999). "Overview of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 1A". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 883: 1-5. ... In common with other types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, examination reveals decreased nerve conduction velocity and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roussy–Lévy_syndrome

Patel PI, Lupski JR (Apr 1994). "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: a new paradigm for the mechanism of inherited disease". Trends in ... "Compound heterozygous deletions of PMP22 causing severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease of the Dejerine-Sottas disease phenotype". ... Berger P, Young P, Suter U (2002). "Molecular cell biology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Neurogenetics. 4 (1): 1-15. doi: ... such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A), Dejerine-Sottas disease, and Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_myelin_protein_22

It can be associated with Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and Charcot-Marie Tooth Disease. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... "INF2 mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with glomerulopathy". The New England Journal of Medicine. 365 (25): 2377-88. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INF2

Howard Henry Tooth, British neurologist - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Carlos Torre Repetto - Torre Attack. Evangelista ... Mariana Trench Pierre Marie, French neurologist - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Mariko Aoki, Japanese essayist - Mariko Aoki ... Wilson's disease, Wilson disease protein Oliver Winchester, American inventor - Winchester rifle Caspar Wistar, American ... Marie Tussaud, French sculptor - Madame Tussauds. Maurice Tweedie, physicist and statistician - Tweedie distribution. Top A B C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_eponyms_(L–Z)

"Connexin32 and X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease" (PDF). Neurobiology of Disease. 4 (3-4): 221-230. doi:10.1006/nbdi. ... GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy X Type 1 OMIM entries on Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy X Type ... Currently it is unknown how the mutations of the GJB1 gene lead to these specific features of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, ... Approximately four hundred mutations of the GJB1 gene have been identified in people with X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GJB1

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Hagemoser; et al. (1989). "Optic atrophy, hearing loss, and ... Onset of the disease occurred in early childhood, as opposed to the later onset of similar diseases. Optic atrophy occurs in ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Genetic diseases and disorders, Rare syndromes, ... A possible autosomal recessive form of this disease was described in 1970 by Iwashita et al. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagemoser–Weinstein–Bresnick_syndrome

This type includes a popular disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B syndrome (HMSN 2B). that is also named as HSAN sub-type 1C. ... They are less common than Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Eight different clinical entities have been described under hereditary ... and teeth include tooth extraction, and/or filing (smoothing) of the sharp incisal edges of teeth, and/or use of a mouth guard ... The disease usually starts during early adolescence or adulthood. The disease is characterized by the loss of pain sensation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hereditary_sensory_and_autonomic_neuropathy

2002). "Mapping of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1C to chromosome 16p identifies a novel locus for demyelinating ... 2005). "Early onset neuropathy in a compound form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". Ann. Neurol. 57 (4): 589-91. doi:10.1002/ana ... 2006). "SIMPLE mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and the potential role of its protein product in protein degradation". ... 2003). "Mutation of a putative protein degradation gene LITAF/SIMPLE in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1C". Neurology. 60 (1): 22- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LITAF

"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation for Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease". Medscape. Retrieved 4 November 2014. Krajewski KM, Lewis ... "Human Rab7 mutation mimics features of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2B in Drosophila". Neurobiology of Disease. 65: 211- ... "Neurological dysfunction and axonal degeneration in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A". Brain. 123 (7): 1516-27. doi:10.1093/ ... Also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) and peroneal muscular atrophy (PMA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAB7A

Pareyson D, Saveri P, Pisciotta C (October 2017). "New developments in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy and related diseases". ... Mutations in the NEFH gene are associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100285 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEFH

It is associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2A1. KIF1B has been shown to interact with GIPC1. GRCh38: Ensembl ... 1998). "Linkage mapping of the gene for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 to chromosome 1p (CMT2A) and the clinical features ... "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A caused by mutation in a microtubule motor KIF1Bbeta". Cell. 105 (5): 587-97. doi:10.1016/ ... GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Type 2 v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIF1B

A person with a family history of foot drop and/or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) should avoid the taking of vincristine. A ... "Severe vincristine neuropathy in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A". Cancer. 77 (7): 1356-62. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142( ... This includes acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, neuroblastoma, and small cell lung cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincristine

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, poliomyelitis and progressive muscular atrophy. A slow onset and a lack of pain or sensorial ... It has been proposed as a relatively specific sign for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease). It can also ... Wilbourn AJ, Sweeney PJ (1994). "Dissociated wasting of medial and lateral hand muscles with motor neuron disease". Can J ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Motor neuron diseases, Medical signs, Syndromes) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split_hand_syndrome

Marie-Tooth disease type 1A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1C Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ... Marie-Tooth disease type 2C Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ... Char syndrome Charcot d Charcot disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ... type A Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, neuronal, type B Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, neuronal, type D Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(C)

... most commonly due to diabetic neuropathy The characteristic foot deformity of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (nb. As a neuropathy ... Charcot foot could mean: Charcot arthropathy in the foot, ... this can eventually lead to Charcot arthropathy of the foot) ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Charcot foot. If an internal link led you here, you may wish ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcot_foot

Genetic diseases: Friedreich's ataxia, Fabry disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, hereditary neuropathy with liability to ... Expression of peripheral myelin protein 22 in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A and hereditary neuropathy with liability to ... Immune-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Infections: leprosy, lyme disease, ... Wood-allum, Clare A.; Shaw, Pamela J. (2014). "Thyroid disease and the nervous system". Neurologic Aspects of Systemic Disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease congenital muscular dystrophy congenital myasthenic syndrome Dejerine-Sottas disease ... "MDA Conference Bringing Neuromuscular Disease Experts to Orlando to Share 'New Era' in Treatment, Research". CHarcot-Marie- ... both Thomsen's disease and Becker disease nemaline myopathy paramyotonia congenita periodic paralysis, both hypokalemic and ... Pompe's disease) phosphofructokinase debrancher enzyme (Forbes disease) carnitine palmityl transferase phosphoglycerate kinase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular_Dystrophy_Association

... a degenerative muscle disease also known as Charcot disease or Lou Gehrig's disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, an inherited ... Charcot disease can refer to several diseases named for Jean-Martin Charcot, such as: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ... also known as Charcot joint disease or Charcot arthropathy Spinal osteoarthropathy, a rare abnormal bone growth disorder in ... reptiles Jean-Martin Charcot#Eponyms This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Charcot disease. If an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcot_disease

A compound heterozygous mutation of the HADHB gene can causes axonal Charcot-Marie-tooth disease, which is a neurological ... "A compound heterozygous mutation in HADHB gene causes an axonal Charcot-Marie-tooth disease". BMC Medical Genetics. 14: 125. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HADHB

Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1D, Dejerine-Sottas disease ... GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Type 1 GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Charcot-Marie-Tooth ... "Screening of the early growth response 2 gene in Japanese patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1". Journal of the ... in the early growth response 2 gene is associated with severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 disease". Human Mutation. 14 (4): 353- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EGR2

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease can cause painful foot deformities such as pes cavus. Although it is a relatively common disease, ... There are no cures or effective courses of treatment to halt the progression of any form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease at this ... The development of the cavus foot structure seen in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease has been previously linked to an imbalance of ... Skre H. Genetic and clinical aspects of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Clin Genet 1974; 6: 98-118 Shy ME, Blake J, Krajewski K, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pes_cavus

Foot drop Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Polio Multiple sclerosis Syphilis Guillain-Barré syndrome Spinal disc herniation Anterior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppage_gait

... that selective inhibitors had therapeutic effects in mouse models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Huntington's disease. One ... has passed through favourable Phase 1 clinical trials in 2019 and is being developed for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. 2004: ... Parkinson's or Huntington's disease. She is known for her work on the mechanisms governing aggregation of disease-causing ... "Preventing proteostasis diseases by selective inhibition of a phosphatase regulatory subunit". Science. 348 (6231): 239-242. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Bertolotti

Guy Laporte, 71, French actor (French Fried Vacation, French Fried Vacation 2), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. 13 December - Jean ... "Jean-Marie HULLOT 20-06-19 , Ouest France 35 , Avis-de-deces.com". www.avis-de-deces.com. Archived from the original on 21 June ... "Marie Laforêt, la " Fille aux yeux d'or ", est morte". 3 November 2019. Archived from the original on 6 November 2019 - via Le ... "Anne-Marie MINVIELLE : Décès (09 janvier 2019) Sud-Ouest". SudOuest.fr. Archived from the original on 11 January 2019. "La ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_in_France

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with palmoplantar keratoderma and nail dystrophy) Palmoplantar keratoderma of Sybert (Greither ... Adult linear IgA disease Bullous pemphigoid Bullous lupus erythematosus Childhood linear IgA disease (chronic bullous disease ... Weil's disease) Listeriosis Ludwig's angina Lupoid sycosis Lyme disease (Afzelius' disease, Lyme borreliosis) Lymphogranuloma ... Haxthausen's disease) Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris (Buschke-Fischer-Brauer disease, Davis Colley disease, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

Neuromuscular disease Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): 600882 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Axonal, Type 2B; CMT2B - ... and Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2B (CMT2B). Though some sensory neuron diseases are recognized as neurodegenerative, epigenetic ... Disease: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA ... Huntington's disease (HD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). These diseases are characterized by chronic and progressive neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetics_of_neurodegenerative_diseases

Sarah Blacher Cohen, 72, American professor of Jewish literature, complications of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Kiyosi Itô, 93 ... Jean-Marie Demange, 65, French member of the National Assembly, Mayor of Thionville (1995-2008), suicide. Jay Katz, 86, German- ... de la Fuente, Anna Marie (December 3, 2008). "Cartagena Festival's Nieto dies at 92". Variety. Retrieved October 3, 2018. ... Domenico Leccisi, 88, Italian politician, stole corpse of Benito Mussolini, heart and respiratory disease. Henry Loomis, 89, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_November_2008

These can include stroke, chronic back pain, Alzheimer's disease, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), ALS, brain injury, ... Those with injury or disease affecting the muscles, bones, ligaments, or tendons will benefit from assessment by a physical ... Neurological physical therapy is a field focused on working with individuals who have a neurological disorder or disease. ... This includes providing treatment in circumstances where movement and function are threatened by aging, injury, disease, or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_therapy

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and prion diseases. She has been a contributor as well to the literature on genetic counseling. ... function or breakdown could be the key to the disease." Lazzarini was diagnosed with PD, the very disease she had spent a ... Parkinson's disease researchers, People with Parkinson's disease, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey faculty, ... including Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. She is an assistant professor of Neurology at Rutgers Robert Wood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Lazzarini

Congenital developmental disorders Spina bifida Genetic disorders Hypokalemic periodic paralysis Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ... autoimmune diseases Diabetic neuropathy Abetalipoproteinemia Electrolyte abnormalities Hypokalemia Deficiency disorders Vitamin ... spinal cord Hypothermia Infectious diseases Tabes dorsalis Poliomyelitis, acute Lumbar disk infection/pyogenic Arachnoiditis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankle_jerk_reflex

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, complex regional pain syndrome or diabetes. Hammer toe can also be found in Friedreich's ataxia ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammer_toe

Encephalopathy Myelopathy Radiculopathy Neuromuscular junction disease Myopathy See also Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuropathy_(disambiguation)

Alzheimer's disease, but also other nervous system diseases such as cerebellar ataxia, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Tourette ... "LA MALADIE DE " PARKINSON " PARENT PAUVRE DES MALADIES DU CERVEAUX" [DISEASE 'PARKINSON' POOR PARENT OF BRAIN DISEASE.]. ... Yves Agid is a specialist in neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's disease, ... On April 12, 2010, at the World Day for Parkinson's disease, Yves Agid and Bruno Favier as the founders of the Association ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Agid

"Forme fruste Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease" manifests as pes cavus and absent ankle jerks only. "Dissociative Identity Disorder, ... Basedow's Disease)"; In: Church, Archibald, editor (1910), Diseases of the Nervous System (Series: Modern Clinical Medicine); ... disease, which he described as a "…maladie dite fruste par l'absence du goitre et de l'exophthalmie" ("…disease said to be ... Such a patient is said to have a forme fruste of acute free perforation as a complication of his peptic ulcer disease. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forme_fruste

Examples of atrophying nerve diseases include Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, poliomyelitis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS or ... There are many diseases and conditions which cause atrophy of muscle mass. For example, diseases such as cancer and AIDS induce ... When it occurs as a result of disease or loss of trophic support because of other diseases, it is termed pathological atrophy, ... Pathologic atrophy of muscles can occur with diseases of the motor nerves or diseases of the muscle tissue itself. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrophy

"X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Arts syndrome, and prelingual non-syndromic deafness form a disease continuum: evidence ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-5, Arts syndrome and X-linked nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness present three clinically distinct ... is part of a spectrum of PRPS-1 related disorders with reduced activity of the enzyme that includes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ... "Association of PRPS1 Mutations with Disease Phenotypes". Disease Markers. 2015: 127013. doi:10.1155/2015/127013. ISSN 0278-0240 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_syndrome

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, suggesting that structural modification of TnT in the myofilaments may contribute to adaptation to ... "Adaptation by alternative RNA splicing of slow troponin T isoforms in type 1 but not type 2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease". ... Palm T, Graboski S, Hitchcock-DeGregori SE, Greenfield NJ (Nov 2001). "Disease-causing mutations in cardiac troponin T: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNNT1

... chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and its ... A demyelinating disease is any disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged. This damage ... Demyelinating diseases are traditionally classified in two kinds: demyelinating myelinoclastic diseases and demyelinating ... The second group was denominated dysmyelinating diseases by Poser. In the most well known example of demyelinating disease, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demyelinating_disease

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Type 2 v t e (Genes on human chromosome 12, CS1: long volume ... and role in neurologic diseases and other diseases of the sHsp22". J. Neurosci. Res. 85 (10): 2071-9. doi:10.1002/jnr.21231. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPB8

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease encompasses a group of disorders called hereditary sensory and motor neuropathies that damage the ... CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, X-LINKED DOMINANT, 1. *CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, X-LINKED RECESSIVE, 4, WITH OR WITHOUT ... CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, AXONAL, TYPE 2P. *CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, AXONAL, WITH VOCAL CORD PARESIS, AUTOSOMAL ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease does not affect life expectancy.. Typically, the earliest symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/charcot-marie-tooth-disease

What Its Like To Live With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: The Stories Of Those Who Know It Best. by Courtney , Sep 7, 2015 , ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited nerve disorders. ... Our Commitment To Charcot-Marie-Tooth Awareness Never Ends. by Allison Moore , Sep 30, 2015 , Awareness , 0 Comments ... SeptemberSelfieCMT For Charcot-Marie-Tooth Awareness Month. by Courtney , Sep 21, 2015 , Awareness , 1 Comment ...

https://www.hnf-cure.org/awareness/mygivingstory/page/2/?et_blog

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease damages nerves that regulate muscle functioning. It causes a loss of sensation in the limbs that ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most common inherited neurological disorder of the peripheral nerve, affecting approximately ... It was named after the three doctors - Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Marie and Howard Henry Tooth - who first identified the ...

https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/conditions/charcot-marie-tooth-disease

... is a heterogenous group of peripheral nerve diseases and it is the most prevalent genetic neuromuscular disease caused by ... The onset of disease often falls into the pediatric age group and may lead to significant disability. The Symposium will ... Introduction to Charcot- Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) Gyula Acsadi MD, PhD. Genetic Basis of Charcot- Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heterogenous group of peripheral nerve diseases and it is the most prevalent genetic ...

https://www.icnapedia.org/icnc2020/session/symposia/10085-advances-in-pediatric-charcot-marie-tooth-disease

The disease is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disease and remains incurable. The first symptoms can appear in early ... CMT is a disease affecting the peripheral nervous system that causes progressive muscle weakness and gradual loss of limb ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. About Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). CMT is a disease affecting the peripheral nervous system ... The disease is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disease and remains incurable. The first symptoms can appear in early ...

https://rare-connections.org/database/charcot-marie-tooth-disease/

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2B2. MFN2. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2A2A;. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,. dominant intermediate D; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1B;. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2K;. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, with vocal cord paresis;. Charcot-Marie- ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease *List of diseases covered by Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease NGS panel ...

https://www.asperbio.com/asper-neurogenetics/charcot-marie-tooth-disease/list-of-diseases-covered-by-charcot-marie-tooth-disease-ngs-panel/

Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth Fatores de Transcrição/genética Axônios Doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth/genética China Estudos de ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is an exciting field of study, with a growing number of causal genes and an expanding ... Characterization of genotype-phenotype correlation with MORC2 mutated Axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in a cohort of Chinese ... This report adds a new piece to the puzzle of the genetics of CMT and contributes to a better understanding of the disease ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/odontologia/resource/pt/mdl-34059105

We have optimized all our processes to accept a wide range of samples, always adapting to each case ...

https://reflabgenetics.com/producto/axonal-charcot-marie-tooth-disease-types-2i-2j-sequencing-mpz-gene/

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease *Cystic fibrosis *Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Becker muscular dystrophy ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Rd, MailStop E-90, Atlanta, GA 30333, U.S.A ... Proficiency Testing Programs and Interlaboratory Sample Exchange Programs for Molecular Genetic Testing for Heritable Diseases ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5806a4.htm

Combined RNA interference and gene therapy for Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A disease ... suggest that adopting a dual approach to therapy for Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A (CMT2A) disease is effective in two model ...

https://www.neurodiem.se/news/combined-rna-interference-and-gene-therapy-for-charcot-marie-tooth-type-2a-61U2HLWGKPKDrz5bISDxv6?locale=en-GB

How to assess the pathogenicity of mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and other diseases? *Andrzej Kochański ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/1801315a0?error=cookies_not_supported&code=3e33df8d-c42f-4c52-9c71-2a99c9d5376d

Review of general and head and neck/oral and maxillofacial features of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and dental management ... Keywords: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, hypoglossal palsy, onion bulb appearance. How to cite this article:. Panda AK. Unusual ... Unusual manifestations of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: A clinical observation. Akhila Kumar Panda. Department of Neurology, BLK ... Individuals with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease More Details type 4 (CMT4) usually have the clinical characteristics of ...

https://ijhas.in/article.asp?issn=2278-344X

Most neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are incurable. However, an effective rehabilitation program can help maintain a patients ... Compound heterozygous deletions of PMP22 causing severe Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease of the Dejerine-Sottas disease phenotype. ... Neuropathic pain in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998 Dec. 79(12):1560-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) can be divided into 2 basic types: primarily demyelinating (with secondary axonal loss) and ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/321397-overview

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Children with CMT disease may have difficulty with walking and navigating stairs, decreased ... Batten Disease. A group of diseases including late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a neurodegenerative disease ...

https://www.luriechildrens.org/en/specialties-conditions/pediatric-neurology/conditions/

3. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Current Treatment Patterns. 4. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease - DelveInsights Analytical ... Key Companies in the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Market. 15. Key Products in the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Therapeutics ... www.delveinsight.com/sample-request/charcot-marie-tooth-disease-pipeline-insight. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Therapeutics ... The Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Pipeline report embraces in-depth commercial and clinical assessment of the pipeline products ...

https://news.minnesotaheadlines.com/story/448191/charcotmarietooth-disease-pipeline-assessment-2023-updates-indepth-insights-into-the-clinical-trials-emerging-drugs-latest-fda-ema-and-pmda-approvals-competitive-landscape-key-companies.html

Case Reports 2016; 37(4): 265-268 PubMed PMID: 27857041 Keywords: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease:complications, Child, Humans, ... Narcolepsy with cataplexy in a child with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Case Report.. Zheng F, Wang S. ... Zheng F, Wang S. Narcolepsy with cataplexy in a child with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Case Report. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. ...

https://www.nel.edu/wang-717/

Peripheral neuropathies (e.g., Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Roussy-Levy syndrome, dysgammaglobulinemic ... Huntingtons disease (HD). • Benign hereditary chorea. • Wilsons disease. • Fahrs disease. • Paroxysmal dystonic ... Estimates suggest that ET may be as much as 10 to 20 times as prevalent as Parkinsons disease (PD), affecting from 5 million ... Parkinsons disease (PD). • Multiple system atrophy (MSA) (e.g., olivopontocerebellar atrophy [OPCA], striatonigral ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/572015

Full List of Diseases. *Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). *Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) ... Peripheral nerve diseases. In peripheral nerve diseases, the motor and sensory nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to ... Find a Neuromuscular Disease. To learn more about one of these neuromuscular diseases, along with the research, care and ... Motor neuron diseases. In motor neuron disease, nerve cells called motor neurons progressively lose function, causing the ...

https://www.mda.org/disease/list

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, axonal, with vocal cord paresis, autosomal recessive approved 607706. ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 4B3 (CMT4B3) approved 615284. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Type 4C (CMT4C) approved 601596. ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2P (CMT2P) approved 614436 Licence Committee minutes- PGD ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Axonal, Type 2M (CMT2M) approved 606482. Licence Committee minutes- PGD ...

https://www.hfea.gov.uk/pgt-m-conditions/?page=13

... both are considered pathogenic in ClinVar for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2 ... Disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Variation info Gene MFN2 CLNDBN Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 2 ...

https://snpedia.com/index.php/Rs864622480

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. *Guillain-Barré syndrome. *Muscular dystrophy. *Adult cerebral palsy ... Breast Imaging Burn Care Dentistry Dermatology Diabetes Digestive Health Genetics Liver Disease Kidney Disorders Mental Health ... Pelvic Health Pregnancy & Birth Pulmonary Disease Radiology Rehabilitation Reproductive Medicine Rheumatology Sports Medicine ...

https://www.vcuhealth.org/services/rehabilitation-therapy/outpatient-services/neurology

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Symptoms of neuropathy in the common peroneal nerve may be: ... The first step in treating neuropathy in the common peroneal nerve is to treat the underlying cause, whether its disease or ...

https://www.verywellhealth.com/common-peroneal-nerve-anatomy-4691721

... patients and families can expect to receive medical interventions that address disease symptoms and progression with a focus on ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). *Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD). *Mitochondrial myopathy. *Myotonic muscular dystrophy ... Gordon Mack, MD cares for children with a wide range of congenital and acquired heart diseases. His particular interests lie in ... Diana C. Alexander, MD, MPH specializes in care of children with acquired and congenital heart disease. She enjoys caring for ...

https://www.stlukesonline.org/communities-and-locations/facilities/clinics/st-lukes-childrens-muscular-dystrophy-clinic

Gene therapy for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease makes headway. A gene therapy for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease has been shown to be ... CRISPR-Cas9 for blood and metabolic diseases. In an article published in Nature Communications, an Integrare team headed by Dr ... The I-Stem and Genethon laboratories have identified a promising drug combination in the setting of three genetic diseases ... to provoke the expression of different therapeutic proteins in the blood and thus enable treatments for genetic blood diseases ...

https://www.genopole.com/highlights/news/integrare-crispr-cas9-for-blood/

Biomarkers in Charcot-Marie-tooth disease 1a. In: Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, Vol. 21, No. 3: pp. 256-257 ...

https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/view/autoren/Schnizer=3AT=2E_J=2E=3A=3A.html

Axon degeneration is a prominent feature of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinsons and Alzheimers, and is ... Axon degeneration is a prominent feature of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinsons and Alzheimers, and is ... Charcot-Marie Tooth, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Huntingtons diseases (Wang et al., 2005; Press and Milbrandt, 2008; ... Altered axonal mitochondrial transport in the pathogenesis of charcot-marie-tooth disease from mitofusin 2 mutations. J. ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2016.00179/full

... the most frequent of which is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). The autosomal dominant forms of CMT are well characterized, ... and genetic study of two large Algerian families with an autosomal recessive demyelinating form of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease ... and genetic study of two large Algerian families with an autosomal recessive demyelinating form of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease ...

https://n.neurology.org/content/48/4/867

Correction of cavovarus foot deformity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.. Prevalence of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in patients ... Pes Cavus / Cavovarus: Charcot Marie Tooth. Pes Cavus / Cavovarus: Charcot Marie Tooth. - See:. - Charcot Marie Tooth: Perineal ... Assessment and management of pes cavus in Charcot-Marie-tooth disease. Pes cavovarus. Review of a surgical approach using ... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and the cavovarus foot.. ... early disease:. - in the early stages of dz, the hindfoot is ...

https://www.wheelessonline.com/muscles-tendons/pes-cavus-cavovarus-charcot-marie-tooth/

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease has affected Alan Jacksons ability to perform. But Alan Jackson assured people that hes not done ... Alan Jackson, Bela Fleck, Bobby Dove, Carly Pearce, Charlie Marie, Emily Scott Robinson, Flatland Cavalry, Hayes Carll, Hope ...

https://www.savingcountrymusic.com/tag/alan-jackson/

When the disease progresses, loss of muscular tissue occurs, leading to mild to severe motor handicap. The hereditary pattern ... of the disease is various: it can be transmitted from a healthy mother to her male children (X-linked inheritance), from one ... Azzedine H, Senderek J, Rivolta C and Chrast R (2012). Molecular genetics of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: from genes to genomes ... PLEKHG5 deficiency leads to an intermediate form of autosomal-recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Hum Mol Genet (in press); ...

https://www.grstiftung.ch/fr/medias/portefeuille~grs-046-09~.html

These disorders include motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which may involve motor neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and periphery, ultimately weakening the muscle. (medscape.com)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Pipeline Insight, 2023 " report by DelveInsight outlines a comprehensive assessment of the present clinical/non-clinical development activities and growth prospects across the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Market. (minnesotaheadlines.com)

Whole genome sequencing in patients with retinitis pigmentosa reveals pathogenic DNA structural changes and NEK2 as a new disease gene. (grstiftung.ch)
13 disease terms (MeSH) has been reported with SLC12A6 gene. (cdc.gov)

Type X Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX) is caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease can be caused by mutations in many different genes. (medlineplus.gov)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heterogenous group of peripheral nerve diseases and it is the most prevalent genetic neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in more than one hundred various genes. (icnapedia.org)
How to assess the pathogenicity of mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and other diseases? (nature.com)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease encompasses a group of disorders called hereditary sensory and motor neuropathies that damage the peripheral nerves. (medlineplus.gov)
Make a donation to the Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation to help find treatments and cures for those living with Charcot-Marie-Tooth and Inherited Neuropathies. (hnf-cure.org)
The disease is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disease and remains incurable. (rare-connections.org)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common hereditary neuromuscular disorder. (ijhas.in)
The hereditary sensory and motor neuropathies form a clinically heterogenous group of disorders, the most frequent of which is Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). (neurology.org)
The hereditary pattern of the disease is various: it can be transmitted from a healthy mother to her male children (X-linked inheritance), from one affected parent to (on average) 50% of his/her children (dominant inheritance), or from healthy parents, both carrier of a genetic mutation, to 25% of their progeny (recessive inheritance). (grstiftung.ch)
Furthermore, we have taken advantage of the knowledge gained from this project to investigate another group of hereditary neurodegenerations, known as retinitis pigmentosa and allied diseases. (grstiftung.ch)
13 AN is also observed in many syndromic peripheral neuropathies, like Friedreich's ataxia and hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy (HSMN) formerly known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. (bmj.com)

Characterization of genotype-phenotype correlation with MORC2 mutated Axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in a cohort of Chinese patients. (bvsalud.org)
R252W and suffered from axonal motor neuropathy with high variability in disease severity and duration. (bvsalud.org)

Biomarkers in Charcot-Marie-tooth disease 1a. (uni-muenchen.de)

CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES AND INJURIES I. INFECTIOUS AND PARASITIC DISEASES (001-139) Includes: diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible as well as a few diseases of unknown but possibly infectious origin Excludes: acute respiratory infections (460-466) influenza (487. (cdc.gov)
certain localized infections Note: Categories for "late effects" of infectious and parasitic diseases are to be found at 137. (cdc.gov)

This report adds a new piece to the puzzle of the genetics of CMT and contributes to a better understanding of the disease mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)

CMT is a disease affecting the peripheral nervous system that causes progressive muscle weakness and gradual loss of limb sensation from the lower limbs to the upper limbs. (rare-connections.org)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)

A group of diseases including late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a neurodegenerative disease causing cognitive impairment, vision loss, seizures and poor motor function. (luriechildrens.org)
Axon degeneration is a prominent feature of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, and is often characterized by aberrant mitochondrial dynamics. (frontiersin.org)

Symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease vary in severity and age of onset even among members of the same family. (medlineplus.gov)
Typically, the earliest symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease result from muscle atrophy in the feet. (medlineplus.gov)

The patient in family 2 showed a spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)-like disease with cerebellar hypoplasia and mental retardation , with a hot spot de novo mutation c.260C>T p. (bvsalud.org)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited nerve disorders. (hnf-cure.org)
Their objective is to provoke the expression of different therapeutic proteins in the blood and thus enable treatments for genetic blood diseases such as hemophilia, or certain metabolic disorders. (genopole.com)

In forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease classified as intermediate type, the nerve impulses are both slowed and reduced in strength, probably due to abnormalities in both myelin and axons. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers from centers in Milan, Italy, suggest that adopting a dual approach to therapy for Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A (CMT2A) disease is effective in two model systems and may lead to an effective treatment for patients. (neurodiem.se)
Individuals with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease More Details type 4 (CMT4) usually have the clinical characteristics of progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy associated with sensory loss. (ijhas.in)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is the most common inherited disorder that involves the peripheral nerves, affecting an estimated 150,000 people in the United States. (medlineplus.gov)
He was diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a rare but devastating inherited disorder affecting nerves in the hands, arms, feet and legs. (ajc.com)

In most affected individuals, however, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease does not affect life expectancy. (medlineplus.gov)
NMDs are a group of diseases that affect any part of the nerve and muscle. (medscape.com)
NMDs also include peripheral neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), which affect not only motor but also sensory nerves. (medscape.com)

AIDS-like syndrome: AIDS-like disease (illness) (syndrome) ARC AIDS-related complex Pre-AIDS AIDS-related conditions Prodromal-AIDS 3. (cdc.gov)

Then, by taking advantage of the so-called Next Generation DNA sequencing technologies, we have directly analyzed the DNA sequence of patients and identified the molecular cause of the disease. (grstiftung.ch)
Periodontitis is seen as the most severe gum disease patients can suffer. (healthynewage.com)

People with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease typically experience a decreased sensitivity to touch, heat, and cold in the feet and lower legs, but occasionally feel aching or burning sensations. (medlineplus.gov)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Disease is the most commonly inherited sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy (1:2,500) and has no known cure. (cdc.gov)

In vitro disease models and transgenic animal research are aimed at understanding the molecular pathology of CMTs leading to developments of new therapeutic targets. (icnapedia.org)

When the disease progresses, loss of muscular tissue occurs, leading to mild to severe motor handicap. (grstiftung.ch)

We aimed to describe the phenotypic-genetic spectrum of MORC2-related diseases in the Chinese population . (bvsalud.org)
The aim of our study is to identify and characterize novel disease-genes, by taking advantage of a series of recent and highly-parallel genetic technologies that are particularly well adapted for the study of consanguineous pedigrees. (grstiftung.ch)
Our project makes use of next-generation technologies for DNA analyses to solve cases of concrete medical importance such as genetic diseases. (grstiftung.ch)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetic condition that affects the peripheral nerves that control movement and sensation in the limbs. (healthynewage.com)

Charcot-Marie- Tooth (CMT) disease is an exciting field of study, with a growing number of causal genes and an expanding phenotypic spectrum. (bvsalud.org)

Most neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) are incurable. (medscape.com)

There are several types of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, which are differentiated by their effects on nerve cells and patterns of inheritance. (medlineplus.gov)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most common inherited neurological disorder of the peripheral nerve, affecting approximately 150,000 Americans. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease usually becomes apparent in adolescence or early adulthood, but onset may occur anytime from early childhood through late adulthood. (medlineplus.gov)
The onset of disease often falls into the pediatric age group and may lead to significant disability. (icnapedia.org)

As per DelveInsight's assessment, globally, about 10+ key pharma and biotech companies are working on 10+ pipeline drugs in the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease therapeutics landscape based on different Routes of Administration (ROA), Mechanism of Action (MOA), and molecule types. (minnesotaheadlines.com)
Tremor is coexistent with other neurologic disease, therapy with anti-tremor or tremor-promoting drugs, untreated thyroid disease, caffeine withdrawal/abstention, etc. (medscape.com)

It was named after the three doctors - Jean-Martin Charcot, Pierre Marie and Howard Henry Tooth - who first identified the condition in 1886. (ucsfbenioffchildrens.org)

As the disease worsens, muscles in the lower legs usually weaken, but leg and foot problems rarely require the use of a wheelchair. (medlineplus.gov)

Join the movement to make a difference for those living with Charcot-MarieTooth (CMT). (hnf-cure.org)

Sometimes other, historical names are used to refer to particular forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. (medlineplus.gov)

Note: The number of publications displayed in this table will differ from the number displayed in the HuGE Literature Finder as the number in Genopedia reflects only the indexed disease term without children terms, but the number in the HuGE Literature Finder reflects all text searches of the disease term including the indexed term and corresponding children terms. (cdc.gov)

Children with CMT disease may have difficulty with walking and navigating stairs, decreased endurance, trouble fastening buttons, writing or sustaining a grip on objects. (luriechildrens.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms1

Diseases31

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment10

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes5

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities3

Geographicals1

Linkage relations of locus for X-borne type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth muscular atrophy and that for Xg blood groups. (1/499)

The Thr124Met mutation in the peripheral myelin protein zero (MPZ) gene is associated with a clinically distinct Charcot-Marie-Tooth phenotype. (2/499)

Central visual, acoustic, and motor pathway involvement in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth family with an Asn205Ser mutation in the connexin 32 gene. (3/499)

Motor nerve conduction velocity in spinal muscular atrophy of childhood. (4/499)

Study on the gene and phenotypic characterisation of autosomal recessive demyelinating motor and sensory neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease) with a gene locus on chromosome 5q23-q33. (5/499)

Altered formation of hemichannels and gap junction channels caused by C-terminal connexin-32 mutations. (6/499)

Axonal phenotype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease associated with a mutation in the myelin protein zero gene. (7/499)

A unique point mutation in the PMP22 gene is associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and deafness. (8/499)

Tooth Diseases

Arthropathy, Neurogenic

Hypotrichosis

Tooth

Anaplasma marginale

Anaplasmosis

Nail Diseases

Diabetic Foot

History, 19th Century

Neurology

Tarsal Bones

Hysteria

Diabetic Neuropathies

Foot Deformities, Acquired

Foot Diseases

Scalp

Foot Ulcer

Tooth Loss

Tooth Germ

Tooth, Deciduous

Tooth Crown

Tooth Root

Foot Injuries

Tooth Eruption

History of Nursing

Osteitis

Gait Disorders, Neurologic

Arthrodesis

Tooth, Supernumerary

Tooth Abnormalities

Tooth Wear

Tooth Extraction

Foot

France

Tooth, Nonvital

History, 20th Century

Molar

Tooth, Impacted

Tooth Discoloration

Tooth, Unerupted

Shoes

Incisor

Odontogenesis

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Tooth Cervix

Dental Enamel

Tooth Exfoliation

Immobilization

Tooth Avulsion

Fused Teeth

Cuspid

Tooth Calcification

Bicuspid

Tooth Ankylosis

Dental Pulp

Tooth Erosion

Tooth Socket

Tooth Replantation

Maxilla

Dentin

Tooth Resorption

Diabetes Complications

Dental Caries

Dentition

Amputation

Root Canal Therapy

Odontometry

Mandible

Tooth Demineralization

Dentition, Permanent

Dental Restoration, Permanent

Anodontia

Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic

Periodontal Ligament

Alveolar Process

Age Determination by Teeth

Linkage relations of locus for X-borne type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth muscular atrophy and that for Xg blood groups. (1/499)

The Thr124Met mutation in the peripheral myelin protein zero (MPZ) gene is associated with a clinically distinct Charcot-Marie-Tooth phenotype. (2/499)

Central visual, acoustic, and motor pathway involvement in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth family with an Asn205Ser mutation in the connexin 32 gene. (3/499)

Motor nerve conduction velocity in spinal muscular atrophy of childhood. (4/499)