Charadriiformes
A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny. (1/229)
BACKGROUND: Order Charadriiformes (shorebirds) is an ideal model group in which to study a wide range of behavioural, ecological and macroevolutionary processes across species. However, comparative studies depend on phylogeny to control for the effects of shared evolutionary history. Although numerous hypotheses have been presented for subsets of the Charadriiformes none to date include all recognised species. Here we use the matrix representation with parsimony method to produce the first fully inclusive supertree of Charadriiformes. We also provide preliminary estimates of ages for all nodes in the tree. RESULTS: Three main lineages are revealed: i) the plovers and allies; ii) the gulls and allies; and iii) the sandpipers and allies. The relative position of these clades is unresolved in the strict consensus tree but a 50% majority-rule consensus tree indicates that the sandpiper clade is sister group to the gulls and allies whilst the plover group is placed at the base of the tree. The overall topology is highly consistent with recent molecular hypotheses of shorebird phylogeny. CONCLUSION: The supertree hypothesis presented herein is (to our knowledge) the only complete phylogenetic hypothesis of all extant shorebirds. Despite concerns over the robustness of supertrees (see Discussion), we believe that it provides a valuable framework for testing numerous evolutionary hypotheses relating to the diversity of behaviour, ecology and life-history of the Charadriiformes. (+info)Molecular sexing of prey remains permits a test of sex-biased predation in a wintering population of western sandpipers. (2/229)
Population sex ratios in monogamous birds are often male biased. One factor that can affect population sex ratios is sex-biased predation. However, most estimates of sex-biased predation in birds have focused on species with obvious sexual colour dimorphism or body size dimorphism. Data on sexually monomorphic birds are generally lacking. In the present study, we adopt a PCR-based sexing procedure to help test for sex-biased predation in a wintering population of western sandpipers (Calidris mauri), a shorebird that shows only subtle sexual size dimorphism. Specifically, by comparing the a priori determined sex ratio of live birds wintering at a site in western Mexico to the molecular estimate obtained from depredated birds at this same site, we were able to perform a population-specific test for sex bias in predator-induced mortality. The proportion of females estimated from living (ca. 25%) versus dead (ca. 24%) individuals was in fact not significantly different, indicating that the strong male bias in this population is not due to differential predation. However, molecular sexing of prey remains is a hitherto unexploited test of sex-biased predation in birds, and is potentially applicable to any species for which prey remains can be gathered. We discuss our results in the context of alternate ecological hypotheses for population sex biases. (+info)Stroke patterns and regulation of swim speed and energy cost in free-ranging Brunnich's guillemots. (3/229)
Loggers were attached to free-ranging Brunnich's guillemots Uria lomvia during dives, to measure swim speeds, body angles, stroke rates, stroke and glide durations, and acceleration patterns within strokes, and the data were used to model the mechanical costs of propelling the body fuselage (head and trunk excluding wings). During vertical dives to 102-135 m, guillemots regulated their speed during descent and much of ascent to about 1.6+/-0.2 m s(-1). Stroke rate declined very gradually with depth, with little or no gliding between strokes. Entire strokes from 2 m to 20 m depth had similar forward thrust on upstroke vs downstroke, whereas at deeper depths and during horizontal swimming there was much greater thrust on the downstroke. Despite this distinct transition, these differences had small effect (<6%) on our estimates of mechanical cost to propel the body fuselage, which did not include drag of the wings. Work stroke(-1) was quite high as speed increased dramatically in the first 5 m of descent against high buoyancy. Thereafter, speed and associated drag increased gradually as buoyancy slowly declined, so that mechanical work stroke(-1) during the rest of descent stayed relatively constant. Similar work stroke(-1) was maintained during non-pursuit swimming at the bottom, and during powered ascent to the depth of neutral buoyancy (about 71 m). Even with adjustments in respiratory air volume of +/-60%, modeled work against buoyancy was important mainly in the top 15 m of descent, after which almost all work was against drag. Drag was in fact underestimated, as our values did not include enhancement of drag by altered flow around active swimmers. With increasing buoyancy during ascent above 71 m, stroke rate, glide periods, stroke acceleration patterns, body angle and work stroke(-1) were far more variable than during descent; however, mean speed remained fairly constant until buoyancy increased rapidly near the surface. For dives to depths >20 m, drag is by far the main component of mechanical work for these diving birds, and speed may be regulated to keep work against drag within a relatively narrow range. (+info)Energetics of a long-distance migrant shorebird (Philomachus pugnax) during cold exposure and running. (4/229)
The metabolic consequences of cold exposure and exercise are not well characterized in birds. Ruff sandpipers Philomachus pugnax are migrant shorebirds traveling between Africa and Siberia for up to 30,000 km annually. Our goal was to quantify the fuel selection pattern of these remarkable athletes during shivering and terrestrial locomotion. We used indirect calorimetry and nitrogen excretion analysis to measure their rates of lipid, carbohydrate and protein oxidation at different temperatures (22, 15, 10 or 5 degrees C) and different treadmill speeds (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or 40 m min(-1)). Results show that lipid oxidation supplies nearly all the energy necessary to support shivering and running, and that the pattern of oxidative fuel selection is independent of shivering or running intensity. During shivering, total ATP production is unequally shared between lipids (82%), carbohydrates (12%) and proteins (6%). During running, lipids remain the dominant substrate (66%), with carbohydrates (29%) and proteins (5%) playing more minor roles. The prevailing use of lipids during intense shivering and high-speed running is not consistent with the fuel selection pattern observed in exercising and cold-exposed mammals. The exact mechanisms allowing birds to use lipids at extremely high rates are still largely unexplored, and quantifying the relative importance of different fuels during long-distance flight remains a major challenge for future research. (+info)Effects of physiological state, mass change and diet on plasma metabolite profiles in the western sandpiper Calidris mauri. (5/229)
We used a food restriction/refeeding protocol to put birds through a controlled cycle of mass loss and mass gain to investigate the effects of rate and phase of mass change on plasma metabolite levels in relation to diet. Despite marked differences in fat content of the two diets (18% vs 4%) mean rate of mass loss or mass gain was independent of diet. There was also no effect of diet on plasma levels of any of the four measured metabolite (triglyceride, glycerol, uric acid and beta-OH-butyrate) during mass loss. However, during mass gain birds on the low fat diet had higher plasma levels of triglyceride and uric acid and lower beta-OH-butyrate than birds gaining mass on the high-fat diet. Thus, diet composition can affect plasma metabolite profiles independently of differences in rates of mass change. Nevertheless, certain plasma metabolites were related to variation in rates of mass change across physiological states. Glycerol levels were negatively related to the rate of mass change (independent of diet), and butyrate was negatively related to the rate of mass change on both diets (though the slope of this relationship was diet dependent). Uric acid was positively related to the rate of mass change but only for birds on the low-fat diet. Our study therefore confirms that measurement of plasma metabolites can provide robust information on physiological state (gain, loss) and the rate of mass change (e.g. in free-living birds caught only once) although researchers should be cogniscent of potential confounding effects of diet composition for certain metabolites, both for field studies and for future experimental validations of this technique. (+info)Metabolic profile of long-distance migratory flight and stopover in a shorebird. (6/229)
Migrating birds often complete long non-stop flights during which body energy stores exclusively support energetic demands. The metabolic correlates of such long-distance travel in free-living migrants are as yet poorly studied. Bar-tailed godwits, Limosa lapponica taymyrensis, undertake a 4500 km flight to their single spring stopover site and thus provide an excellent model in which to determine the energy fuels associated with endurance travel. To this end, we evaluated plasma concentrations of six key metabolites in arriving godwits caught immediately upon landing near their stopover site. Initial metabolite levels were compared with levels after 5 h of inactive rest to determine how flight per se affects energy metabolism. Birds refuelling on the stopover site were also examined. Arriving godwits displayed elevated plasma free fatty acids, glycerol and butyrate, confirming the importance of lipid fuel in the support of extended migratory activity. Further-more, elevated plasma triglycerides in these birds suggest that fatty acid provisioning is facilitated through hepatic synthesis and release of neutral lipids, as previously hypothesized for small migrants with high mass-specific metabolic rates. Finally, elevations in plasma uric acid suggest that protein breakdown contributes to the support of long-distance movement, to possibly maintain citric acid cycle intermediates, gluconeogenesis and/or water balance. (+info)Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls. (7/229)
In wild aquatic birds and poultry around the world, influenza A viruses carrying 15 antigenic subtypes of hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 antigenic subtypes of neuraminidase (NA) have been described. Here we describe a previously unidentified antigenic subtype of HA (H16), detected in viruses circulating in black-headed gulls in Sweden. In agreement with established criteria for the definition of antigenic subtypes, hemagglutination inhibition assays and immunodiffusion assays failed to detect specific reactivity between H16 and the previously described subtypes H1 to H15. Genetically, H16 HA was found to be distantly related to H13 HA, a subtype also detected exclusively in shorebirds, and the amino acid composition of the putative receptor-binding site of H13 and H16 HAs was found to be distinct from that in HA subtypes circulating in ducks and geese. The H16 viruses contained NA genes that were similar to those of other Eurasian shorebirds but genetically distinct from N3 genes detected in other birds and geographical locations. The European gull viruses were further distinguishable from other influenza A viruses based on their PB2, NP, and NS genes. Gaining information on the full spectrum of avian influenza A viruses and creating reagents for their detection and identification will remain an important task for influenza surveillance, outbreak control, and animal and public health. We propose that sequence analyses of HA and NA genes of influenza A viruses be used for the rapid identification of existing and novel HA and NA subtypes. (+info)Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus infection in migratory birds. (8/229)
H5N1 avian influenza virus (AIV) has emerged as a pathogenic entity for a variety of species, including humans, in recent years. Here we report an outbreak among migratory birds on Lake Qinghaihu, China, in May and June 2005, in which more than a thousand birds were affected. Pancreatic necrosis and abnormal neurological symptoms were the major clinical features. Sequencing of the complete genomes of four H5N1 AIV strains revealed them to be reassortants related to a peregrine falcon isolate from Hong Kong and to have known highly pathogenic characteristics. Experimental animal infections reproduced typical highly pathogenic AIV infection symptoms and pathology. (+info)
Charadriiformes
List of Charadriiformes by population Bertelli, S.; Lindow, B. E. K.; Dyke, G. J.; Mayr, G. (2013). "Another charadriiform-like ... Charadriiformes (/kəˈrædri.ɪfɔːrmiːz/, from Charadrius, the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to ... The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy lumps all the Charadriiformes together with other seabirds and birds of prey into a greatly ... Alongside the Anseriformes, the Charadriiformes are the only other order of modern bird to have an established fossil record ...
List of Charadriiformes by population
Charadriiformes (Charadrius being Latin for "plover") is the taxonomic order to which the waders, gulls, and auks belong. ... The Charadriiformes, for example, are grouped with the Ciconiiformes in the Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy. In the interest of ... This is a list of Charadriiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts ... A variety of methods are used for counting Charadriiformes. For example, the piping plover is subject to the quinquennial ...
Saint Helena plover
Coomber, Richard (1991). "Charadriiformes: Plovers". Birds of the World. Godalming, Surrey: Colour Library Books Ltd. pp. 97- ...
Semipalmated plover
Editor). CRC Press (1992), ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5. Coomber, Richard (1991). "Charadriiformes: Plovers". Birds of the World. ...
Shore plover
Coomber, Richard (1991). "Charadriiformes: Plovers". Birds of the World. Godalming, Surrey: Colour Library Books Ltd. pp. 97- ...
Plover
Coomber, Richard (1991). "Charadriiformes: Plovers". Birds of the World. Godalming, Surrey: Colour Library Books. pp. 97-100. ...
1979 in paleontology
Anseriformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Passeriformes". Aquila. 85: 11-39. Federico L. Agnolin (2006). "Dos Nuevos Anatidae ...
List of fossil bird genera
Charadriiformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) - several species, 1 probably larid Charadriiformes gen. et sp. ... shorebirds Basal and unresolved taxa Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Cretaceous) - burhinid? basal? "Morsoravis" (Late ...
Sterna milne-edwardsii
"Fossil record of the Charadriiformes". Palaeobiology and Biodiversity Research Group, University of Bristol. Retrieved 13 May ...
Indian skimmer
Maclean GL (1974). "Belly-soaking in the Charadriiformes". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72: 74-82. Jerdon, TC (1864). Birds of ...
Tern
The bird order Charadriiformes contains 18 coastal seabird and wader families. Within the order, the terns form a lineage with ... Relationships between various tern species, and between the terns and the other Charadriiformes, were formerly difficult to ... "Fossil record of the Charadriiformes". Palaeobiology and Biodiversity Research Group, University of Bristol. Archived from the ... Charadriiformes) from the early Miocene of Saint-Gérand-le-Puy (Allier, France)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (4): ...
Yellow-wattled lapwing
Maclean, GL (1974). "Belly-soaking in the Charadriiformes". J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 72 (1): 74-82. Jayakar, SD; Spurway, H ( ...
Northern bald ibis
Charadriiformes-Strigiformes). London: Taylor and Francis. p. 100. (Arabic and English) Hulme, Diana; Tabbaa, Darem; Bright, ...
1967 in paleontology
Part 3 (Ralliformes, Ichthyornithiformes, Charadriiformes)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences. ...
Seabird
Within the Charadriiformes, the gulls and allies (Lari) became seabirds in the late Eocene, and then waders in the middle ... Phaethontidae tropicbirds Charadriiformes (Worldwide; 305 species, but only the families listed are classed as seabirds.) ... and some of the Charadriiformes (the skuas, gulls, terns, auks and skimmers) are classified as seabirds. The phalaropes are ...
Bird ichnology
Charadriiformes, Ciconiiformes, Rallidae?) †Roepichnus (Caños Late Miocene of Almería, Spain) Web impressions present; Avian † ...
Burhinus
The Condor 97:174-196 Strauch J (1978) The phylogeny of the Charadriiformes (Aves): a new estimate using the method of ... Fain MG and Houde P (2007) Multilocus perspectives on the monophyly and phylogeny of the order Charadriiformes (Aves). BMC ... Ericson PGP, Envall I, Irested M and Norman JA (2003) Inter-familial relationships of the shorebirds (Aves: Charadriiformes) ... Burhinus are best placed in Charadriiformes. They resemble bustards (family: Otididae) and have been previously classified with ...
Taxonomy of the vertebrates (Young, 1962)
Charadriiformes [waders and gulls] (e.g., Numenius [curlew], Capella [snipe], Calidris [sandpiper], Vanellus [lapwing], ...
Silveirinha Formation
A new wader, Recurvirostridae (Charadriiformes), from the Early Eocene of PortugalCiencias da Terra 7. 9-16. (Articles with ... Charadriiformes Recurvirostridae Fluviatilavis antunesi Ornithurae Neornithes indet. Crocodiles Diplocynodon sp. Lizards ...
Miguel Telles Antunes
... extinct bird of order Charadriiformes Echinolampus antunesi; extinct echinoderm Gyraulus antunesi; extinct mollusk Equus ...
Laridae
... is a family of seabirds in the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns, skimmers and kittiwakes. It ... Charadriiformes)". Biology Letters. 6 (3): 370-74. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0877. PMC 2880050. PMID 20015861. Moynihan, Martin ( ... "Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at ... Phylogenetic relationships and divergence times of Charadriiformes genera: multigene evidence for the Cretaceous origin of at ...
Quadraceps
They are ectoparasites of birds in the order Charadriiformes, and the genus was circumscribed in 1939 by Theresa Clay and ... "Three new genera of Mallophaga from Charadriiformes". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 11. 4 (22): 453-454. doi: ...
Gymnophallidae
n. (Trematoda: Gymnophallidae) from alcids (Charadriiformes) in subartic seas. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of ...
Frenchman Formation
Aves: Charadriiformes) from the Frenchman Formation (Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 26 ...
Cimolopteryx
Hope regarded Cimolopteryx as a likely member of the modern bird group Charadriiformes, which includes a diverse array of ... Aves: Charadriiformes) from the Frenchman Formation (Maastrichtian), Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 26 ...
Black-winged pratincole
ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4. Peresad'ko, L. V. (1980). "Nematoda and Acanthocephala of Charadriiformes, new for West Siberia". ...
Brontornis
Brodkorb, P. (1967). Catalogue of fossil birds: part 3 (Ralliformes, Ichthyornithiformes, Charadriiformes). University of ...
Øvre Pasvik National Park
Several species of sparrow and charadriiformes are also common. There are also three species of Falconiformes-rough-legged ...
Psilopterus
Charadriiformes). University of Florida. Rovereto, C. (1914). Los estratos araucanos y sus fósiles. An. del Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat ... Charadriiformes)". Bulletin of Florida State Museum. 2: 99-220. Taxonomic opinions tied to S. Bertelli et al. 2007 at ...
Sandhill crane
Brodkorb, Pierce (1967). "Catalogue of Fossil Birds: Part 3 (Ralliformes, Ichthyornithiformes, Charadriiformes)". Bulletin of ...
World List - Dutch Birding
Subjects: Charadriiformes - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine Search Results
Bird Archive Photo Gallery by M rten M ller at pbase.com
Interspecific aggressive behavior in the southern lapwings, Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782) (Charadriiformes, Charadriidae)
Interspecific aggressive behavior in the southern lapwings, Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782) (Charadriiformes, Charadriidae)
Sterna paradisaea | Western African Aquatic Mammals
Spotted Sandpiper - Actitis macularius - NatureWorks
Table A1 - Anatidae Migration in the Western Palearctic and Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus - Volume 12,...
Stiltia - Wikispecies
Bird - New World Encyclopedia
Riqueza específica, distribución y abundancia de aves acuáticas en la ensenada de La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
Pluvialis [dominica or fulva] (American or Pacific Golden-Plover) - Avibase
Three-banded Courser - eBird
Rock Sandpiper Overview, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology
Charadrius mongolus - Wikipedia, entziklopedia askea.
AnAge Browser: Stercorariidae
DeCS 2006 - Changed terms
Common Tern - Sterna hirundo - mila223614
Acari Collection & Systematics | Royal Museum for Central Africa - Tervuren - Belgium
White Tern | Bird |
Laura Erickson's For the Birds
Other Wildlife Cameras in Estonia - Looduskalender
Other Wildlife Cameras in Estonia - Looduskalender
Experimental infection of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in black-headed gulls (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) -...
Historically, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) rarely resulted in infection or clinical disease in wild birds. However, since 2002, disease and mortality from natural HPAIV H5N1 infection have been observed in wild birds including gulls. We performed an experimental HPAIV H5N1 infec …
Publication Detail
Pibydd bychan - Wicipedia
Discovery of novel fish papillomaviruses: From the Antarctic to the commercial fish market - PubMed
Aves1
- 1991). Por otra parte en muchas ocasiones la defensa de ambientes estuarinos se encuentra centrada en la importancia de éstos para las aves migratorias (Escofet et al. (gbif.org)
Species1
- Is the occurrence of avian influenza virus in Charadriiformes species and location dependent? (nih.gov)
Shorebirds1
- 17. Sexual selection on brain size in shorebirds (Charadriiformes). (nih.gov)
Order1
- Birds in the order Charadriiformes were sampled at multiple sites in the eastern half of the continental USA, as well as at Argentina, Chile, and Bermuda, during 1999-2005, and tested for avian influenza virus (AIV). (nih.gov)
Gruiformes1
- [ 11 ] Although this protocol has been documented to react broadly in an ELISA to detect SLEV antibody in 13 species representing seven orders, [ 11 ] known positive sera from three orders (Ciconiiformes, Gruiformes, and Charadriiformes) were not detected. (medscape.com)