Cesium Radioisotopes
Cesium
Radioisotopes
Cesium Isotopes
Zinc Radioisotopes
Radioisotope Dilution Technique
Strontium Radioisotopes
Iodine Radioisotopes
Krypton Radioisotopes
Indium Radioisotopes
Sodium Radioisotopes
Radioactivity
Barium Radioisotopes
Radionuclide Imaging
The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.
Spectrometry, Gamma
Yttrium Radioisotopes
Tin Radioisotopes
Water Pollutants, Radioactive
Carbon Radioisotopes
Iron Radioisotopes
Copper Radioisotopes
Fukushima Nuclear Accident
Phosphorus Radioisotopes
Technetium
The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.
Mercury Radioisotopes
Technetium Tc 99m Sulfur Colloid
Cerium Radioisotopes
Cobalt Isotopes
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Hafnium
Scintillation Counting
Potassium Radioisotopes
Gold Radioisotopes
Isotope Labeling
Lead Radioisotopes
Metals, Alkali
Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope
Zinc Isotopes
Sulfur Radioisotopes
Cadmium Radioisotopes
Astatine
Nostoc commune
Strophanthins
Radioimmunotherapy
Radiotherapy where cytotoxic radionuclides are linked to antibodies in order to deliver toxins directly to tumor targets. Therapy with targeted radiation rather than antibody-targeted toxins (IMMUNOTOXINS) has the advantage that adjacent tumor cells, which lack the appropriate antigenic determinants, can be destroyed by radiation cross-fire. Radioimmunotherapy is sometimes called targeted radiotherapy, but this latter term can also refer to radionuclides linked to non-immune molecules (see RADIOTHERAPY).
Lutetium
Juvenile hypothyroidism among two populations exposed to radioiodine. (1/207)
We found an epidemic of juvenile hypothyroidism among a population of self-defined "downwinders" living near the Hanford nuclear facility located in southeast Washington State. The episode followed massive releases of 131I. Self-reported data on 60 cases of juvenile hypothyroidism (<20 years of age) among a group of 801 Hanford downwinders are presented, as well as data concerning the thyroid status of approximately 160,000 children exposed to radioiodine before 10 years of age as a result of the 26 April 1986 Chernobyl explosion in the former Soviet Union. These children were residents of five regions near Chernobyl. They were examined by standardized screening protocols over a period of 5 years from 1991 to 1996. They are a well-defined group of 10 samples. Fifty-six cases of hypothyroidism were found among boys and 92 among girls. Body burdens of 137Cs have been correlated with hypothyroidism prevalence rates. On the other hand, the group of juvenile (<20 years of age) Hanford downwinders is not a representative sample. Most of the 77 cases of juvenile hypothyroidism in the Hanford group were diagnosed from 1945 to 1970. However, the ratio of reported cases to the county population under 20 years of age is roughly correlated with officially estimated mean levels of cumulative thyroid 131I uptake in these counties, providing evidence that juvenile hypothyroidism was associated with radioiodine exposures. Because even subtle hypothyroidism may be of clinical significance in childhood and can be treated, it may be useful to screen for the condition in populations exposed to radioiodine fallout. Although radiation exposure is associated with hypothyroidism, its excess among fallout-exposed children has not been previously quantified. (+info)Fibroblast radiosensitivity measured using the comet DNA-damage assay correlates with clonogenic survival parameters. (2/207)
A study was made of the neutral comet assay as a potential method for measuring normal cell radiosensitivity. Eleven fibroblast strains were studied comprising nine derived from vaginal biopsies from pretreatment cervical cancer patients and two strains from radiosensitive individuals. DNA double strand break (dsbs) dose-response curves for both initial and residual (20-h repair time) damage were obtained over the dose range 0-240 Gy, with slopes varying 3.2 and 8-fold respectively. Clonogenic cell survival parameters were available for all the cell strains following both high- and low-dose rate irradiation. There were no correlations between the dose-response slope of the initial level of DNA dsbs and parameters that mainly describe the initial portion of clonogenic radiation survival curves (SF2, alpha, D). A significant correlation (r = -0.63, P = 0.04) was found between the extent of residual DNA dsbs and clonogenicity for all 11 fibroblast strains. The parameter showing the highest correlation with fibroblast cell killing (D) for the nine normal fibroblasts alone was the ratio of initial/residual DNA dsb dose-response slope (r = 0.80, P = < 0.01). A significant correlation (r = -0.67, P = 0.03) with clonogenic radiosensitivity was also found for all 11 cell strains when using the ratio of initial/residual DNA dsb damage at a single dose of 180 Gy. This study shows that fibroblast radiosensitivity measured using the neutral comet assay correlates with clonogenic radiation survival parameters, and therefore may have potential value in predictive testing of normal tissue radiosensitivity. (+info)Activation of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) pathway in drug- and gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis of brain tumor cells. (3/207)
Chemotherapeutic agents and gamma-irradiation used in the treatment of brain tumors, the most common solid tumors of childhood, have been shown to act primarily by inducing apoptosis. Here, we report that activation of the CD95 pathway was involved in drug- and gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis of medulloblastoma and glioblastoma cells. Upon treatment CD95 ligand (CD95-L) was induced that stimulated the CD95 pathway by crosslinking CD95 via an autocrine/paracrine loop. Blocking CD95-L/receptor interaction using F(ab')2 anti-CD95 antibody fragments strongly reduced apoptosis. Apoptosis depended on activation of caspases (interleukin 1beta-converting enzyme/Ced-3 like proteases) as it was almost completely abrograted by the broad range caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone. Apoptosis was mediated by cleavage of the receptor proximal caspase FLICE/MACH (caspase-8) and the downstream caspase CPP32 (caspase-3, Apopain) resulting in cleavage of the prototype caspase substrate PARP. Moreover, CD95 was upregulated in wild-type p53 cells thereby increasing responsiveness towards CD95 triggering. Since activation of the CD95 system upon treatment was also found in primary medulloblastoma cells ex vivo, these findings may have implications to define chemosensitivity and to develop novel therapeutic strategies in the management of malignant brain tumors. (+info)Regulation of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase promoter by the ETS transcription factor. (4/207)
Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) cells accumulate elevated steady-state levels of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) mRNA and protein. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying PARP upregulation, we cloned and analysed the 5'-flanking region of the PARP gene from EWS cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated no variations in the PARP promoter region in EWS cells. The PARP promoter encompasses multiple binding motifs for the ETS transcription factor. We have also observed that there is a coordinated up-regulation of the expression of both PARP and ETS1, relative to cells of other human tumor types expressing lower levels of PARP. Transient co-expression of ETS1 in EWS cells resulted in a strong enhancement of PARP-promoter activity. The participation of ETS in the regulation of PARP gene expression was further demonstrated in EWS cells stably transfected with Ets1 antisense cDNA constructs. Antisense-mediated down-regulation of endogenous ETS1 resulted in the inhibition of PARP expression in EWS cells, and sensitized these cells to ionizing radiation. These data provide support for ETS regulation of PARP expression levels, and implicate ETS transcription factors in the radiation response of EWS cells. (+info)Clinical evaluation of processing techniques for attenuation correction with 137Cs in whole-body PET imaging. (5/207)
Transmission scanning can be successfully performed with a 137Cs single-photon emitting point source for three-dimensional PET imaging. However, the attenuation coefficients provided by this method are underestimated because of the energy difference between 662- and 511-keV photons, as well as scatter and emission contamination when the transmission data are acquired after injection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, from a clinical perspective, the relative benefits of various processing schemes to resolve these issues. METHODS: Thirty-eight whole-body PET studies acquired with postinjection singles transmission scans were analyzed. The transmission images were processed and applied to the emission data for attenuation correction. Three processing techniques were compared: simple segmentation (SEG) of the transmission scan, emission contamination subtraction with scaling (ECS) of the resulting data to 511-keV attenuation coefficient values and a hybrid technique performing partial segmentation of some tissue densities on the ECS scan (THR). The corrected emission scans were blindly assessed for image noise, the presence of edge artifacts at the lung-soft-tissue interface and for overall diagnostic confidence using a semiquantitative scoring system. The count densities and the SDs in uniform structures were compared among the various techniques. The observations for each method were compared using a paired t test. RESULTS: The SEG technique produced images that were visually less noisy than the ECS method (P < 0.0001) and the THR technique, but at the expense of increased edge artifacts at the boundaries between the lungs and surrounding tissues. The THR technique failed to eliminate these artifacts compared with the ECS technique (P < 0.0001) but preserved the activity gradients in the hilar areas. The count densities (and thus, the standardized uptake values) were similar among the three techniques, but the SEG method tended to underestimate the activity in the lung fields and in chest tumors (slope = 0.79 and 0.94, respectively). CONCLUSION: For many clinical applications, SEG data remain an efficient method for processing 137Cs transmission scans. The ECS method produced noisier images than the other two techniques but did not introduce artifacts at the lung boundaries. The THR technique, more versatile in complex anatomic areas, allowed good preservation of density gradients in the lungs. (+info)Environmental radioactivity, population exposure and related health risks in the east Baltic region. (6/207)
The paper considers radioactive contamination of the east Baltic region, population exposures, and the risk of damage to human health. Principal sources include global fallout, the Chernobyl accident, and marine transport of radionuclides. A mean annual exposure of 2-3 mSv comes from environmental radioactivity. Main contributors are primarily radon and its decay products. The Chernobyl accident brought an additional dose of about 0.5 mSv in southern Finland and 1.4 mSv in the most contaminated districts of the Leningrad region, Russia. Both external and internal exposure via contaminated food contributed. Currently, significant long-term radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident include persistent radioactive contamination of natural terrestrial (forest) and freshwater (oligotrophic lakes) ecosystems and food products. Radiation health risks are lung cancer among the general population from indoor exposure to radon, acute radiation syndrome from occupational exposure, thyroid cancer among children in heavily contaminated non-Baltic areas, and mutations among offspring of exposed parents. (+info)Remote afterloading endocurie therapy for carcinoma of the cervix. (7/207)
Since October 1975, 41 cancer patients were treated with a remote afterloading device using fractionated high dose-rate intracavitary radiation. Nineteen of these 41 patients were treated for carcinoma of the cervix. Remote afterloading high dose-rate fractionated intracavitary radiation was given in combination with external irradiation. The dose fractionation and rad equivalent therapeutic (RET) values and various points of interest are discussed. (+info)Radiation-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells in the murine central nervous system: protection by fibroblast growth factor and sphingomyelinase deficiency. (8/207)
Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) by ionizing radiation may be a consequence of damage to the vascular endothelium. Recent studies showed that radiation-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells in vitro and in the lung in vivo is mediated by the lipid second messenger ceramide via activation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM). This apoptotic response to radiation can be inhibited by basic fibroblast growth factor or by genetic mutation of ASM. In the CNS, single-dose radiation has been shown to result in a 15% loss of endothelial cells within 24 h, but whether or not this loss is associated with apoptosis remains unknown. In the present studies, dose- and time-dependent induction of apoptosis was observed in the C57BL/6 mouse CNS. Apoptosis was quantified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling, and specific endothelial apoptosis was determined by histochemical double labeling with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling and Lycopersicon esculentum lectin. Beginning at 4 h after single-dose radiation, apoptosis was ongoing for 24 h and peaked at 12 h at an incidence of 0.7-1.4% of the total cells in spinal cord sections. Up to 20% of the apoptotic cells were endothelial. This effect was also seen in multiple regions of the brain (medulla, pons, and hippocampus). A significant reduction of radiation-induced apoptosis was observed after i.v. basic fibroblast growth factor treatment (0.45-4.5 microg/mouse). Identical results were noted in C3H/HeJ mice. Furthermore, irradiated ASM knockout mice displayed as much as a 70% reduction in endothelial apoptosis. This study demonstrates that ionizing radiation induces early endothelial cell apoptosis throughout the CNS. These data are consistent with recent evidence linking radiation-induced stress with ceramide and suggest approaches to modify the apoptotic response in control of radiation toxicity in the CNS. (+info)
Patent US7510691 - Method for improving the recovery of cesium-131 from barium carbonate - Google Patents
EWG Tap Water Database | Millersview-doole Water Supply Corporation | Cesium-134
Fukushima Could unleash 85 times Cesium-137 radiation of Chernobyl | Jedi Command
Kashiwa Citys Radioactive Dirt: 276,000 Bq/Kg of Cesium!!!!! - Infinite Unknown
Mind-Boggling: Far more cesium released from Fukushima than previously thought says Japan govt agency - 40,000 trillion...
Spectroscopic studies of ionic solvation. XX. Cesium-133 NMR study of cesium salts in different solvents | SpringerLink
Cesium Radioisotopes
Summary Report | CureHunter
IsoRays Cesium-131 Seeds Proves Successful for Brain Cancer Treatment as Presented by Weill Cornell and Barrow Neurological to...
IsoRays Cesium-131 seeds provides successful for brain cancer treatment
The half-life of cesium-137 is 30 years. Suppose... - OpenStudy
Cardiac scans with cesium-131: findings confirmed at autopsy in five patients | The Journal of the American Osteopathic...
Cesium-137
Chemtrails and Radioactive Cesium - Chemtrails Spraying and Radioactive Cesium - RADIOACTIVE CESIUM Chemtrail Information -...
topic:Nuclear Reactors found 21 records • Arctic Health
Company Tightens Security After Cesium-137 Scare : Industrial safety: A small vial of the radioactive substance was recovered,...
buy Toll-Like Receptor 7 Ligand II | Small molecule inhibitors of HCV replication
Japan Times: Fukushima fallout in N. America at 400,000,000,000,000 Bq of Cesium-137 - Study: Hazardous on a continental scale...
Cs-134/137 density jumped up 17 × in groundwater of Reactor 3 seaside / Potential leakage from underground wall - Fukushima...
RADE joins Gas Communities United - Clean Air Day 2021 - RADE Bristol
Search Results - - 2 Results - Digital Library
Doing Business at PNNL
Observation of Outcomes and Side Effects of Cesium-131 in Combination With External Beam Radiation for the Treatment of...
Products - See how Cesium-131 by Isoray is being used.
JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017/Numerical study on sorption kinetics affecting vertical profile of radiocesium in soil and air dose...
The Latest Word: Right This Way: Helix RADE Comes to macOS (6.2 PR1)
TIDNINGSARKIVET.SE: DEN SÅRADE PIANISTEN
Radioactive Cesium Found In Meiji Baby Formula - Care2 News Network
Half as bad as Chernobyl
Ordering & Receiving Radioactive Material | Supply Chain Management
Blacksmith Institute : Projects
Radiation monitoring methods, equipment and instrumentation - PORTAL MyHEALTH
Experimental determination of dose uniformity in the CDTN gamma irradiator on Environmental XPRT
Mexico Recovers Truck With Radioactive Materials
The 6 Most Reckless Uses of Radioactive Material >> Four Winds 10 - Truth...
FRITZ HECKERT - MAX RADE GLASS VASE | Collectors Weekly
CELLine AD 1000 Flask 1/cs Gamma Ir - CELLine Flask - Cell Culture
CELLine AD 1000 Flask 3/cs Gamma Irr - CELLine Flask - Cell Culture
SqlHelper.cs source code in C# .NET
Fetalni biohemijski markeri u predviđanju nepovoljnog maternalnog i fetalnog ishoda trudnoće
CICAPLAST Balzam na pery , Obnovujúci a ochranný prípravok na pery
Tubolito duša TUBO MTB Plus 27,5/29x2,5-3,0 - MTBIKER Shop
system shock
Andrej Medvecký - podpredseda strany ĽSNS - www.sme.sk
Juraj Droba - predseda Bratislavského samosprávneho kraja - www.sme.sk
PF2010
Asymptotes - Frustrating Problems With Unsatisfying Solutions. | BRAINTENANCE: Train, Strain And Improve Your Brain. Expand...
Керамбит Красный закат (сувенир из дерева) MASKBRO в магазине Maskbro
370 Bq/Kg of Cesium-134 / 137 from 5 ~ 6 km offshore Fukushima plant - Fukushima Diary
US And Japanese Scientists Detected Cesium-137 At 50 Million Times Normal Levels In Ocean - Infinite Unknown
Leaf Ecology and Radiocesium Contamination in Trees/Forests | IntechOpen
Trace Levels Of Radioactive Cesium-137 From Fukushima Now Being Detected In Florida Citrus Fruits
Japans Fukushima nuclear plant leaks: What you need to know - Nuclear Energy Education
Can Towns Near Japans Fukushima Nuclear Plant Recover? | Manufacturing.net
Fukushima News | Fukushima Nuclear Disaster | Fukushima Accident
Fukushima Appeal 福島アピール: Lessons from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident by Arnie Gundersen
Major Incident, Planning | Emergency Medicine Journal
Dynamic radiocaesium distribution in sheep: Measurement and modelling - NERC Open Research Archive
Modelling the dynamics of fish contamination by Chernobyl radiocaesium: an analytical solution based on potassium mass balance...
Radioactive cesium-137 from Fukushima now detected off coast of Canada : TFR LIVE : Truth Frequency Radio
Concern Over Fukushima Increases As Radiation Cripples Two Robots | Alternative
Fukushima Appeal 福島アピール: 10% increase of death rate in Fukushima prefecture (6/2012 - 5/2013) 福島県の死者数は10(増
Northerntruthseeker: The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: Shocking New Revelation From Medical Journal Article - 14,000 US Deaths...
Welcome to CDC stacks | Analysis
of Japanese Radionuclide Monitoring Data
of Food Before and After the Fukushima Nuclear...
The Hemlock Tea Room and Ladies Emporium: WEST COAST WILL GET CONCENTRATED RADIATION. CANCERS WILL INCREASE
New Fukushima Cessium-137 Threat » Alex Jones Infowars: Theres a war on for your mind!
The first WHO and UNSCEAR reports on the health consequences of Fukushima | Nuclear Power? Yes Please
Fukushima Radiation Increases Cancer Risk for Girls: WHO via Bloomberg
Fukushima accident: children in trouble via The Voice of Russia
Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log | IAEA
Alkali metal
Radioisotopes of caesium require special precautions: the improper handling of caesium-137 gamma ray sources can lead to ... Because metallic caesium is too reactive to handle, it is normally offered as caesium azide (CsN3). Caesium hydroxide is formed ... Caesium compounds are rarely encountered by most people, but most caesium compounds are mildly toxic. Like rubidium, caesium ... Caesium was also thought to be radioactive in the early 20th century, although it has no naturally occurring radioisotopes. ( ...
Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
"Radioisotope Brief: Cesium-137 (Cs-137)". Emergency Preparedness and Response. United States: Centers for Disease Control and ... The Agency detected radioactive caesium in both locations, and from the ratio of caesium-137 and caesium-134 and other ... This dust was found in Japanese car filters: they contained caesium-134 and caesium-137, and cobalt at levels as high as 3 nCi ... TEPCO have reported at three sites 500 meters from the reactors that the caesium-134 and caesium-137 levels in the soil are ...
Norilsk
The list cites air pollution by particulates, including radioisotopes strontium-90, and caesium-137; the metals nickel, copper ...
Mushroom cloud
Longer-life radioisotopes, typically caesium-137 and strontium-90, present a long-term hazard. Intense beta radiation from the ... The bomb casing can be a significant sources of neutron-activated radioisotopes. The neutron flux in the bombs, especially ... The primary fallout hazard is gamma radiation from short-lived radioisotopes, which represent the bulk of activity. Within 24 ... Bioaccumulation influences the propagation of fallout radioisotopes in the biosphere. ...
Marshall Brucer
"Cesium 'gun' - Byproduct used in new cancer weapon (1954) - on Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2016-11-12. "3 to ... Brucer told a conference that the use of radio-isotopes of iodine, gold and phosphorus was becoming increasingly commonplace. ... "Cesium-137 soon to fight cancer (1955) - on Newspapers.com". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2016-11-13. "Tennessee Doctor Says ... In 1954, a new radiotherapy device using cesium as the gamma radiation source was scheduled to be tested in Rockford, Illinois ...
Nuclear fuel cycle
The caesium was found in the leaf veins, in the stem and in the apical leaves. It was found that 12% of the caesium entered the ... Just because a radioisotope is released it does not mean it will enter a human and then cause harm. For instance, the migration ... Caesium in humans normally has a biological half-life of between one and four months. An added advantage of the Prussian blue ... For example, caesium (Cs) binds tightly to clay minerals such as illite and montmorillonite, hence it remains in the upper ...
Isotopes of barium
All other radioisotopes have half-lives shorter than two weeks. The longest-lived isomer is 133mBa, which has a half-life of ... The shorter-lived 137mBa (half-life 2.55 minutes) arises as the decay product of the common fission product caesium-137. Barium ... Primordial radioisotope Believed to undergo β+β+ decay to 132Xe with a half-life over 300×1018 years Theoretically capable of ... There are a total of thirty-three known radioisotopes in addition to 130Ba. The longest-lived of these is 133Ba, which has a ...
Curie (unit)
A radiotherapy machine may have roughly 1000 Ci of a radioisotope such as caesium-137 or cobalt-60. This quantity of ...
Radioactive tracer
In biological contexts, use of radioisotope tracers are sometimes called radioisotope feeding experiments. Radioisotopes of ... The caesium isotope produced is unstable and decays to 123I. The isotope is usually supplied as the iodide and hypoiodate in ... 99mTc is a very versatile radioisotope, and is the most commonly used radioisotope tracer in medicine. It is easy to produce in ... The commonly used radioisotopes have short half lives and so do not occur in nature in large amounts. They are produced by ...
Chernobyl disaster
20 to 40% of all core caesium-137 was released, 85 PBq in all. Caesium was released in aerosol form; caesium-137, along with ... The release of radioisotopes from the nuclear fuel was largely controlled by their boiling points, and the majority of the ... The four most harmful radionuclides spread from Chernobyl were iodine-131, caesium-134, caesium-137 and strontium-90, with half ... caesium and strontium. Iodine-131 was and caesium-137 remains the two most responsible for the radiation exposure received by ...
Fission products (by element)
As caesium 133, 135, and 137 are formed by the beta particle decay of the corresponding xenon isotopes, this causes the caesium ... The strontium radioisotopes are very important, as strontium is a calcium mimic which is incorporated in bone growth and ... Caesium-137, with a half-life of 30 years, is the main medium-lived fission product, along with Sr-90. Cs-137 is the primary ... Caesium-134 is found in spent nuclear fuel but is not produced by nuclear weapon explosions, as it is only formed by neutron ...
Radioactive contamination
Stripping out the key radioisotope threatening health (caesium-137) from low-level waste could also dramatically decrease the ... The caesium is broken away from soil particles and then precipitated with ferric ferricyanide (Prussian blue). It would be the ... A goal is to find techniques that might be able to strip out 80 to 95% of the caesium from contaminated soil and other ...
Atomic battery
Radioisotope heater unit Radioisotope rocket and nuclear electric rocket "A nuclear battery the size and thickness of a penny ... Caesium vapor is used to optimize the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface ionization) to neutralize ... An atomic battery, nuclear battery, radioisotope battery or radioisotope generator is a device which uses energy from the decay ... A Stirling radioisotope generator is a Stirling engine driven by the temperature difference produced by a radioisotope. A more ...
Waste valorization
Caesium-137 can also be used for food irradiation. The academic journal Waste & Biomass Valorization publishes scholarship on ... Strontium-90 is suitable as a fuel for a radioisotope thermoelectric generator and has been extracted from spent nuclear fuel ... Caesium-137 or Strontium-90, as well as nonradioactive applications as some fission products decay quickly to stable or ... ". "An Overview of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators". "Food Irradiation". "Waste and Biomass Valorization , Volumes and ...
Iodine-125
The other xenon radioisotopes decay either to stable xenon, or to various caesium isotopes, some of them radioactive (a.o., the ... Any caesium atom present immediately oxidizes and passes into the water as Cs+. In order to eliminate any long-lived 135Cs and ... As with other radioisotopes of iodine, accidental iodine-125 uptake in the body (mostly by the thyroid gland) can be blocked by ... It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129. Its half-life is 59.49 days and it decays by electron ...
Sterilization (microbiology)
It is emitted by a radioisotope, usually cobalt-60 (60Co) or caesium-137 (137Cs), which have photon energies of up to 1.3 and ... Use of a radioisotope requires shielding for the safety of the operators while in use and in storage. With most designs, the ... Subatomic particles may be more or less penetrating and may be generated by a radioisotope or a device, depending upon the type ... One variant keeps the radioisotope under water at all times and lowers the product to be irradiated in the water in ...
Commonly used gamma-emitting isotopes
Caesium-137 is one such radionuclide. It has a half-life of 30 years, and decays by beta decay without gamma ray emission to a ... With a short half-life of 8 days, this radioisotope is not of practical use in radioactive sources in industrial radiography or ... Cobalt-60 tends to be used in teletherapy units as a higher photon energy alternative to caesium-137, while iridium-192 tends ... Because both radium and radon are very radiotoxic and very expensive due to their natural rarity, these natural radioisotopes ...
Period 6 element
... caesium-133. Caesium is mined mostly from pollucite, while the radioisotopes, especially caesium-137, a fission product, are ... Caesium or cesium is the chemical element with the symbol Cs and atomic number 55. It is a soft, silvery-gold alkali metal with ... Iridium radioisotopes are used in some radioisotope thermoelectric generators. Iridium is found in meteorites with an abundance ... Since then, caesium has been widely used in atomic clocks. Since the 1990s, the largest application of the element has been as ...
David Edward Reichle
One of his primary research sites was the Cesium-137 tagged Liriodendron forest in Oak Ridge, TN. He soon realized that ... Reichle, David E. (November 1969). "Measurement of Elemental Assimilation by Animals from Radioisotope Retention Patterns". ... Auerbach, S. I.; Olson, J. S.; Waller, H. D. (February 1964). "Landscape Investigations Using Cæsium-137". Nature. 201 (4921): ... radioisotope transport was influenced by the metabolism of species and ecosystems, and he soon became captivated with ...
Brachytherapy
... instead involves the precise placement of short-range radiation-sources (radioisotopes, iodine-125 or cesium-131 ... The capsule may be removed later, or (with some radioisotopes) it may be allowed to remain in place.: Ch. 1 A feature of ... Brachytherapy contrasts with unsealed source radiotherapy, in which a therapeutic radionuclide (radioisotope) is injected into ... which allows the ionizing radiation to escape to treat and kill surrounding tissue but prevents the charge of radioisotope from ...
Food irradiation
Gamma irradiation is produced from the radioisotopes cobalt-60 and caesium-137, which are produced by neutron irradiation of ... Conversely, caesium-137, is water-soluble and poses a risk of environmental contamination. Insufficient quantities are ... caesium-137 leaked into the source storage pool requiring NRC intervention has led to near elimination of this radioisotope. ... In most designs, the radioisotope, contained in stainless steel pencils, is stored in a water-filled storage pool which absorbs ...
Prices of chemical elements
It is followed by caesium, iridium and palladium by mass and iridium, gold and platinum by volume. Of those elements, rhodium, ... The price listing for radioisotopes is not exhaustive. 2000s commodities boom Density for 0 °C, 101.325 kPa. For individual ... Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars. While the difficulty of obtaining ... caesium and gold have only one stable isotope (133 Cs, 103 Rh and 197 Au respectively), iridium has two (191 Ir & 193 Ir) ...
Nuclear reprocessing
... spent fuel Caesium-137 has uses in food irradiation and can be used to power radioisotope thermoelectric generators. However, ... including caesium whose isotope caesium-137 emits about half of the heat produced by the spent fuel over the following 100 ... Many of the fission products (such as caesium, zirconium and strontium) remain in the salt. As alternatives to the molten ... The chemistry is based upon the interaction of caesium and strontium with polyethylene glycol and a cobalt carborane anion ( ...
Nuclear chemistry
3H (tritium), the radioisotope of hydrogen, is available at very high specific activities, and compounds with this isotope in ... The chemistry is based upon the interaction of caesium and strontium with poly ethylene oxide (poly ethylene glycol) and a ... A short review of the biochemical properties of a series of key long lived radioisotopes can be read on line. 99Tc in nuclear ... Some early evidence for nuclear fission was the formation of a short-lived radioisotope of barium which was isolated from ...
Comparison of Chernobyl and other radioactivity releases
Because the very short-lived radioisotopes and the relatively long-lived caesium isotopes are either absent or in low ... Hence the isotopic signature of an event where more than one radioisotope is involved will change with time. "Compared with ...
Nuclear meltdown
Subsequent failures can permit these radioisotopes to breach further layers of containment. Superheated steam and hot metal ... such as caesium-137, krypton-85, or iodine-131) within the fuel elements can leach out into the coolant. ...
Bioremediation of radioactive waste
Radioisotopes can be transformed directly through changes in valence state by acting as acceptors or by acting as cofactors to ... In this region of Ukraine, mustard greens could remove up to 22% of average levels of cesium activity in a single growing ... The radioisotope interact with binding sites of metabolically active cells and is used as terminal electron acceptor in the ... Several radioisotopes of strontium, for example, are recognized as analogs of calcium and incorporated within Micrococcus ...
Radium
More recently discovered radioisotopes, such as cobalt-60 and caesium-137, are replacing radium in even these limited uses ... As of 2015, safer and more available radioisotopes are used instead. Uranium had no large scale application in the late 19th ... and caesium. Solid radium compounds are white as radium ions provide no specific coloring, but they gradually turn yellow and ...
Goiânia accident
... of highly radioactive caesium chloride (a caesium salt made with a radioisotope, caesium-137) encased in a shielding canister ... Caesium has a high affinity for many clays. Organic solvents, followed by potassium alum dissolved in hydrochloric acid, were ... The specific activity of the active solid was about 814 TBq·kg−1 of caesium-137, an isotope whose half life is 30 years. The ... The caesium container was entirely dismantled, spreading significant contamination. Extreme radiation levels of up to 1.5 Sv·h− ...
List of MeSH codes (D01)
... carbon radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.156.300 - cerium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.180.300 - cesium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496. ... carbon radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.185 - cerium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.190 - cesium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496. ... iron radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.540 - krypton radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.560 - lead radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.590 ... xenon radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.960 - yttrium radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.749.980 - zinc radioisotopes MeSH D01.496.807.800 ...
Neodymium
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium ... 33 radioisotopes of neodymium have been detected as of 2022[update], with the most stable radioisotopes being the naturally ... and two radioisotopes with extremely long half-lives, 144Nd (alpha decay with a half-life (t1/2) of 2.29×1015 years) and 150Nd ...
Protactinium
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium ... Thirty radioisotopes of protactinium have been discovered, the most stable being 231Pa with a half-life of 32,760 years, 233Pa ...
Uranium
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium ...
Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
Alpha decays in general release about ten times as much energy as the beta decay of strontium-90 or caesium-137.[citation ... A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG), sometimes referred to as a radioisotope power system (RPS), is a type of ... Electrostatic-boosted radioisotope heat sources[edit]. A power enhancement for radioisotope heat sources based on a self- ... Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator[edit]. NASA has developed a multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric ...
Christopher Busby
that the addition of stable cesium to the diet of pigs fails to increase the rate at which radioactive cesium is lost from the ... He also marketed online, services and a mineral supplement he claimed mitigate the dangers of ingested radioisotopes. Busby ... Note that even if the pills contained stable cesium it is unlikely that the stable cesium would increase the rate at which ... They observed that, while caesium-137 exposure did not cause any damage to heart cells or arrhythmias, results indicated that ...
United States Atomic Energy Commission
Creager, Angela N.H. (2006). "Nuclear Energy in the Service of Biomedicine: The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission's Radioisotope ... In Chicago, 102 volunteers with unclear consent received injections of strontium and cesium solutions to simulate radioactive ...
Lithium
Seven radioisotopes have been characterized, the most stable being 8Li with a half-life of 838 ms and 9Li with a half-life of ... Like the other alkali metals (which are sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr)), lithium ...
Tellurium
A further 31 artificial radioisotopes of tellurium are known, with atomic masses ranging from 104 to 142 and with half-lives of ... Taft, E.; Apker, L. (1953-02-01). "Photoemission from Cesium and Rubidium Tellurides". JOSA. 43 (2): 81-83. Bibcode:1953JOSA... ... Spectral Response of Cesium Telluride and Rubidium Telluride Photocathodes for the Production of Highly Charged Electron ...
Index of chemistry articles
... radioisotope Radium Radon Radon difluoride Raman spectroscopy Raoult's law Redox Reduction Reflux Reversible reaction Rhazes ... number Cassiterite catalyst Cationic caustic soda Celadonite Celestine Celsius central nervous system Cerium Cerussite Caesium ... Svante Arrhenius Syenite Sylvite synthetic radioisotope systematic element name Tabun Talc Talcum Tantalite Tantalum Tanzanite ...
Single-photon emission computed tomography
On occasion, the radioisotope is a simple soluble dissolved ion, such as an isotope of gallium(III). Most of the time, though, ... cesium-137, barium-140 and europium-154) and activation products (chromium-51 and cobalt-58). These may be imaged using SPECT ... SPECT is more widely available, because the radioisotope used is longer-lasting and far less expensive in SPECT, and the gamma ... In the nuclear power sector, the SPECT technique can be applied to image radioisotope distributions in irradiated nuclear fuels ...
Behavior of nuclear fuel during a reactor accident
The caesium concentration is slightly higher at two points where xenon bubbles are present. Much of the xenon is present in ... Already the release of radioisotopes from fuel under different conditions has been studied. After the fuel has been used in the ... They report that 3 to 8% of the krypton-85 was released, and that much less of the ruthenium (0.5%) and caesium (2.6 x 10−3%) ... It is important to understand that the 134Cs and 137Cs are formed in different ways, and hence as a result the two caesium ...
Three Mile Island accident
Had there been elevated releases of radioactivity, increased levels of iodine-131 and cesium-137 would have been expected to be ... According to the Rogovin report, the vast majority of the radioisotopes released were noble gases xenon and krypton resulting ... from the reactor subsequent to the accident were found to have significantly higher levels of cesium-137 than in deer in the ...
Caesium chloride
... associated with the use of cesium chloride in naturopathic medicine. Caesium chloride composed of radioisotopes such as 137CsCl ... Caesium hydroxide is obtained by electrolysis of aqueous caesium chloride solution: 2 CsCl + 2 H2O → 2 CsOH + Cl2 + H2 Caesium ... In the laboratory, CsCl can be obtained by treating caesium hydroxide, carbonate, caesium bicarbonate, or caesium sulfide with ... When enriched in radioisotopes, such as 137CsCl or 131CsCl, caesium chloride is used in nuclear medicine applications such as ...
Radiation protection
Venturi Sebastiano (2022). "Prevention of nuclear damage caused by iodine and cesium radionuclides to the thyroid, pancreas and ... in food or liquids absorption of vapours such as tritium oxide through the skin injection of medical radioisotopes such as ...
Nuclear reactor
... as the xenon-135 decays into cesium-135, which is not nearly as poisonous as xenon-135, with a half-life of 9.2 hours. This ... or the production of radioisotopes for medicine and industry. These are much smaller than power reactors or those propelling ... transport Nuclear decommissioning Nuclear power by country Nuclear power in space One Less Nuclear Power Plant Radioisotope ...
Particle accelerator
Electron beams are an on-off technology that provide a much higher dose rate than gamma or X-rays emitted by radioisotopes like ... cobalt-60 (60Co) or caesium-137 (137Cs). Due to the higher dose rate, less exposure time is required and polymer degradation is ... radioisotope production for medical diagnostics, ion implanters for the manufacture of semiconductors, and accelerator mass ...
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster casualties
"Caesium fallout from Fukushima rivals Chernobyl". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 1 April 2011. Retrieved 30 March ... as it prevents the absorption of the potentially dangerous radioisotopes of that element. Since Chernobyl, distributing ... Measurements taken by the Japanese government 30-50 km from the plant showed caesium-137 levels high enough to cause concern, ...
Nuclear fuel
... the radioisotope thermoelectric generator. A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a simple electrical generator which ... Besides those well-known middle to long-lived radioactive Caesium-isotopes there are other isotopes of Caesium like 133 Cs ( ... A radioisotope heater unit (RHU) typically provides about 1 watt of heat each, derived from the decay of a few grams of ... These systems use radioisotopes that produce low energy beta particles or sometimes alpha particles of varying energies. Low ...
Strontium-90
Together with the caesium isotopes 134Cs, 137Cs, and iodine isotope 131I, it was among the most important isotopes regarding ... "Radioisotopes That May Impact Food Resources" (PDF). Epidemiology, Health and Social Services, State of Alaska. Retrieved 2014- ... Strontium-90 is not quite as likely as caesium-137 to be released as a part of a nuclear reactor accident because it is much ... 2013). "Cesium, iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters - a comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout". ...
Timeline of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
In a press release, TEPCO reports that levels of caesium-134, caesium-136, caesium-137, and iodine-131 (half-life of ~ 8 days ... and now claims that the xenon was a result of the normal decay of radioisotopes in the fuel. The Japanese government bans ... 630 becquerels of caesium per kilogram was found in the rice, over the 500 becquerels of caesium per kilogram allowed for human ... Radioactive caesium-137 is found in Tokyo's tap water for the first time since April. Radioactive caesium from Fukushima was ...
Thallium
The radioisotope thallium-201 (as the soluble chloride TlCl) is used in small amounts as an agent in a nuclear medicine scan, ... In keeping with the large size of the Tl+ cation, the chloride and bromide have the caesium chloride structure, while the ... The most useful radioisotope, 201Tl (half-life 73 hours), decays by electron capture, emitting X-rays (~70-80 keV), and photons ... 204Tl is the most stable radioisotope, with a half-life of 3.78 years. It is made by the neutron activation of stable thallium ...
Thermionic converter
Caesium is employed because it is the most easily ionized of all stable elements. A thermionic generator is like a cyclic heat ... Atomic battery Betavoltaics Optoelectric nuclear battery Magnetohydrodynamic generator Radioisotope piezoelectric generator ... Caesium vapor is used to optimize the electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface ionization or electron ... The work function is determined primarily by a layer of caesium atoms adsorbed on the electrode surfaces. The properties of the ...
CDC Radiation Emergencies | Radioisotope Brief: Cesium-137 (Cs-137)
Caesium-137 - Wikipedia
"CDC Radiation Emergencies , Radioisotope Brief: Cesium-137 (Cs-137)". CDC. Retrieved 5 November 2013. "Cesium , Radiation ... Caesium-137 (137 55Cs ), cesium-137 (US), or radiocaesium, is a radioactive isotope of caesium that is formed as one of the ... Caesium-137 reacts with water, producing a water-soluble compound (caesium hydroxide). The biological behaviour of caesium is ... shape as caesium from used nuclear fuel contains stable caesium-133 and also long-lived caesium-135. Isotope separation is too ...
Soil erosion and sediment sources in an Ohio watershed using beryllium-7, cesium-137, and lead-210
Radioisotopes in Medicine | Nuclear Medicine - World Nuclear Association
Tens of millions of nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year, and demand for radioisotopes is increasing rapidly ... the use of radioisotopes for diagnostics, radiation therapy, radiopharmaceuticals and other beneficial medical uses of nuclear ... Caesium-131 (9.7 d): Used for brachytherapy, emits soft X-rays.. Caesium-137 (30 yr):. Used for low-intensity sterilisation of ... Home / Information Library / Non-power Nuclear Applications / Radioisotopes & Research / Radioisotopes in Medicine ...
Top 10 List of 2018 Healthcare Innovations Released
9. GammaTile cesium-131 (Cs-131) brachytherapy in neuro-oncology: The GammaTile Radiation Therapy System (GT Medical ... and more directly than either external-beam radiation therapy or other forms of brachytherapy that use different radioisotopes ... Technologies), currently under review at the FDA, incorporates cesium-131 Cs-131 brachytherapy seeds, which are embedded into a ...
Radioisotope thermoelectric generator - Wikipedia
Alpha decays in general release about ten times as much energy as the beta decay of strontium-90 or caesium-137.[citation ... A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG, RITEG), sometimes referred to as a radioisotope power system (RPS), is a type of ... Electrostatic-boosted radioisotope heat sources[edit]. A power enhancement for radioisotope heat sources based on a self- ... Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator[edit]. NASA has developed a multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric ...
When the party's over ... the financial spectre at the end of nuclear power
Ukraine Part 5: war...it never changes - Page 15 - General Chatter - A Forum of Ice and Fire - A Song of Ice and Fire & Game of...
Japan Plans to Dump a Million Tons of Radioactive Water into the Pacific | The National Interest
One important radioisotope not removed in this process is tritium - a radioactive form of hydrogen with a half-life of 12.3 ... such as cesium-137 and strontium-90. This can lead to fish being thousands of times more radioactive than the water they swim ... Of particular concern are long-lived radioisotopes (unstable chemical elements) and those which concentrate up the food chain, ... This means it takes 12.3 years for half of the radioisotope to decay. ...
"Dosimetric differences between cesium-131 and iodine-125 brachytherapy" by Menachem Yondorf, Shahdabul Faraz et al.
... the dose volume histogram was generated for both radioisotopes. To evaluate the dosimetric differences of the two radioisotopes ... To compare treatment plans and evaluate dosimetric characteristics of permanent cesium-131 (131Cs) vs. iodine-125 (125I) ... the dose volume histogram was generated for both radioisotopes. To evaluate the dosimetric differences of the two radioisotopes ... Dosimetric differences between cesium-131 and iodine-125 brachytherapy for the treatment of resected brain metastases ...
ISBD view › WHO HQ Library catalog
Japan's Triple Disaster - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
In May and early June, cesium-137 concentrations measured along the coast had dropped off precipitously, as most of the cesium ... He quickly made his way to Turkey to begin sampling radioisotopes in the Black Sea. In the decades since, Buesseler has focused ... levels of cesium present in a wide range of fish are no longer declining or are decreasing only slowly-suggesting that cesium ... Cesium-137 is soluble in seawater, Buesseler explained, so it quickly disperses down and out into the ocean. "If you shut off ...
Code System Concept
Cesium radioisotope (substance) {69703007 , SNOMED-CT } Parent/Child (Relationship Type) Cesium-126 (substance) {47799000 , ... SNOMED-CT } Cesium-127 (substance) {4437004 , SNOMED-CT } Cesium-128 (substance) {2674005 , SNOMED-CT } Cesium-129 (substance ... 3579002 , SNOMED-CT } Cesium-131 (substance) {13237009 , SNOMED-CT } Cesium-132 (substance) {5060005 , SNOMED-CT } Cesium-134 ( ... Cesium-135 (substance) {63760004 , SNOMED-CT } Cesium-136 (substance) {29678005 , SNOMED-CT } Cesium-137 (substance) {55117002 ...
Nuclear Power Could Cut Global Emissions By Half | OilPrice.com
Articles Tagged with: comprehensive nuclear-test-ban treaty organization -- ANS / Nuclear Newswire
Radioactive Contamination and Radiation Exposure | CDC
From Radioactive Reindeer To Radioactive Rainwater: Nuclear Accidents Continue To Contaminate The Environment In Europe and...
"Caesium-137 in the environment is anthropogenic (human-made). Unlike most other radioisotopes, caesium-137 is not produced from ... Caesium-137 has a physical half-life of 30 years. In the meantime, the typhoon in Asia has led to new water leaks of ... These included caesium-137 and iodine-131, Nisa said, noting that levels began to decrease after some time. ... The article clearly identifies the problem as Caesium-137. That isotope is a well know product from the nuclear disaster. ...
Japan: Scientists have found radioactive materials in tuna fish - Guardian Liberty Voice
The two main radionuclides of concern that were found were both isotopes of the same element, cesium. Cesium-134 and cesium-137 ... The detection in tuna answers some of the questions of how fast, by what means, and how far radioisotopes can travel from one ... At the time prior to the new release, cesium-134, the isotope with the shorter half-life, was undetectable in Pacific surface ... cesium-137, still had detectable levels in Japan due to the nuclear fallout from weapons testing. ...
Physiological response of seeds of three coffee varieties to gamma rays (60Co)
Citations Library | PerkinElmer
Mimura Tetsuro - Research output - National Cheng Kung University
Pittwater Online News
One important radioisotope not removed in this process is tritium - a radioactive form of hydrogen with a half-life of 12.3 ... such as cesium-137 and strontium-90. This can lead to fish being thousands of times more radioactive than the water they swim ... Of particular concern are long-lived radioisotopes (unstable chemical elements) and those which concentrate up the food chain, ... This means it takes 12.3 years for half of the radioisotope to decay. ...
ghost ship | capitoilette
Posted in Energy , Tagged Arnie Gundersen, assume a can opener, bioaccumulation, cesium, Coast Guard, Congressional Research ... The point about radioisotopes being "below any level of concern" comes from an EPA news release dated March 22, 2011-eleven ... High levels of radioactive iodine-131 (with a half-life of about 8 days), cesium-137 (with a half-life of about 30 years), and ... The leak occurred when a pipe broke off from a joint while the water was being filtered for cesium, Tokyo Electric Power Co. ...
1985 accident radiotherapy. Medical search
... of highly radioactive caesium chloride (a caesium salt made with a radioisotope , caesium-137 ) encased in a shielding canister ... Cesium Radioisotopes. Unstable isotopes of cesium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Cs atoms with atomic weights ... Radioisotope Teletherapy. A type of high-energy radiotherapy using a beam of gamma-radiation produced by a radioisotope source ... Radiation-Sensitizing AgentsCisplatinCesium RadioisotopesVincristineDacarbazineRadioactive PollutantsProcarbazineFluorouracil ...